Home assignment or Tutorial No.

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Answer the following Questions
1. A run off river hydroelectric power station is proposed across a river at a site where a net head of 25
m is available on the turbine. The river carries a Sustained minimum flow of 30 m3/s. The power
station is to be provided with a pondage to supply daily peak load of demand with a load factor of
71% in dry weather season. Assuming the plant efficiency of 56.4%, determine the maximum
generating capacity of the generator to be installed at the power house. If the daily load pattern
indicates 21.5 hours average load 2.5 hours of peak load, determine the volume of the Pondage to
supply daily load.
2. The following data gives the average monthly flow in cumecs (m3/s) in a dry year and it is intended
to use it for designing a hydropower plant: July 17.0, Aug, 18.4, Sept. 17.6, Oct. 13.6, Nov. 13.3,
Dec. 11.3, Jan. 9.9, Feb. 9.6, Mar. 8.5, Apr. 11.8, May 12.7, June 14.2
Assuming the net head on the turbine as 91.5 m and efficiency 80% draw the power duration curve.
It is intended to develop electric power at a firm rate of 9000 kW either by providing a storage or by
providing stand by disel unit if storage facilities can be built. In the two cases, determine the
minimum capacities of the reservoir or the diesel unit.
3. A run-off-river plant is installed on a river having a minimum flow of 15m3/s. If the plant is used as
peak load plant operating only for 6 hours in a day, determine the firm capacity of the plant a)
without pondage, b) with pondage but allowing 10% of the water to be lost in evaporation and
riparian losses. Head at the plant is 10 m and plant efficiency may be assumed as 85%.
4. A run off river hydropower schemes with a net head of 30 m and overall efficiency of 80% supplies
power to an isolated town for which the average daily load variation are given below (PU exam
2011)
Time 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Power
24 20 19 17 20 25 32 61 63 65 60 58
(MW)
Time 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Power
55 70 78 85 90 93 85 78 52 40 28 24
(MW)

i) Find the minimum average daily flow, which could supply power to meet the above indicated
demand
ii) Considering the daily average flow computed, find the storage required to meet the above loading
condition.
5. Determine required reservoir capacity for the data given below [PU exam 2011]
Month July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

Mean
monthly 30 33 35 30 29 20 15 13 10 8 7 15
flow (m3/s)
Rainfall
28 30 34 8 0 0 0 0 4 6 10 16
(cm)
E0 (cm) 10 7 6 9 5 4 4 5 10 10 12 13
Demand
1500 2000 2700 4000 4800 4800 4600 4500 4500 2700 2500 1500
(ha m)

6. The average long term monthly flows (m3/s) of a river from January to December are found to be
3.7, 2.6, 1.9, 1.4, 2.9, 4.3, 18, 34, 28, 14, 6.8, and 5 respectively. The gross head, conveyance
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 efficiency and electro-mechanical efficiency of a proposed run-off-river hydel plant are 150 m, 80%
and 80% respectively and can be assumed to be constant in all flow season. The design discharge of
the plant has been set to be Q75 and the minimum downstream release in the river is to be 0.2 m3/s.
Based on these data, answer following:
i) What is the firm power and annual firm energy?
ii) What is the design discharge?
iii) What is installed capacity of the plant?
iv) What is the required storage capacity of a reservoir to operate the power plant at the
installed capacity for throughout the year?
v) What is annual secondary energy?
vi) What is annual revenue from the power plant if values of primary and secondary energy
are NRs 8.00/Kwh and NRs 5.00/Kwh respectively
7. Two turbo generators each of capacity 2500 KW have been installed in a hydel power plant. During
a certain period, the load on the hydel plant varies from 1500 KW to 4000 KW. Calculate the Load
factor, Plant factor and Utilization factor.
8. A proposed reservoir has a capacity of 500 ha-m. The catchment area is 125 km2, and the annual
stream flow averages 12 cm of runoff over the catchment. If the annual sediment production is 0.03
ha-m/km2, what is the probable life of the reservoir before its capacity is reduced by 10% and 20 %
of its initial capacity by sedimentation? Take the relationship between trap efficiency () and
capacity inflow ratio (C/I) as given below.
Capacity Inflow ratio (C/I) 0.27 0.30 0.33 0.36 0.4
Trap efficiency () % 93 94 95 96 98
9. Find the power demand for the 2015 from the following data:
Population in 2012 is 2,50,00,000 with power demand of 1000 MW and population grow rate for the
years 2012, 2013, and 2014 are 2%, 2.5% and 3% respectively.
10. A Kaplan turbine develops 2250 KW under a net head of 5.5 m with overall efficiency of 87%. The
draft tube has a diameter of 2.8 m at its inlet and has an efficiency of 78%. In order to avoid
cavitations, the pressure head at the entry of the draft tube must not drop more than 4.5 m below
atmosphere. Calculate the maximum height at which the runner may be set above the tailrace level?
PU Exam-2012
11. Calculate the pressure at the outlet of the Francis runner or inlet of the draft tube having 0.5 m
diameter if the turbine is set at 3.0 m above the tail race outlet level having rectangular outlet section
of 1.5 m× 1.5 m with velocity of 0.3 m/s and head loss in the draft tube of 0.1 m.

12. Define load factor and capacity factor. A run-off river plant operates at 25% load factor with an
installed capacity of 1.6× 104 KW when it works as a peak load plant. Find the minimum flow rate
in the stream so that the plant may serve as a base load plant. The efficiency and head are the 85%
and 20 m respectively. Find also maximum LF of the plant when Q = 35 m3/s. (PU Exam 2017-A
set)

13. for a given stream flow record from the proposed hydropower development site if the available head
is 80 m and the maximum discharge capacity is 60 m3/s, determine firm and secondary energy at the
site if overall efficiency is 78%. (PU Exam 2017-A set)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Q m3/s 37 35 31 25 19 37 65 84 62 51 44 41

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 14. Daily load curve of certain village is estimated as follows

Time (hr) 0-4 4-7 7-9 9-11 11-4 4-6 6-8 8-10 10-12

Load (MW) 10 14 18 16 13 15 18 20 12

The above load is supplied by a power plant with a design discharge of 19.8 m3/s; operating head of
150 m and efficiency of 81%. Compute the load factor, capacity factor, utilization factor and reserve
factor (PU Exam 2017-B set)

15. Define load factor and capacity factor. A run-off river plant operates at 25% load factor with an
installed capacity of 1.6× 104 KW when it works as a peak load plant. Find the minimum flow rate
in the stream so that the plant may serve as a base load plant. The efficiency and head are the 85%
and 20 m respectively. Find also maximum LF of the plant when Q = 35 m3/s. (PU 2017)
16. for a given stream flow record from the proposed hydropower development site if the available head
is 80 m and the maximum discharge capacity is 60 m3/s, determine firm and secondary energy at the
site if overall efficiency is 78%. (PU 2017)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Q m3/s 37 35 31 25 19 37 65 84 62 51 44 41

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