ARBA MINCH UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF POST GRADUATE

DEPARTMENT OF HYDRAULIC & WATER
RESOURCE ENGINEERING
STREAM DAM ENGINEERING

Assignment on Design of Reinforced

Concrete and Hydraulic Steel Structures

PREPARED By: Getaneh Hailu

ID: PSAMIT/2366/10

Submitted to: Abdela K. (Assistance professor)

 #1. Design an elevated square water tank having a dimension of W = 5m, l = 5m and h =1
2.5m high up to the maximum water level. The tank is open at the top and the floor slab is
monolithic with the walls (this means the wall of the tank is fixed at the base and free at the top).
Provide 20cm free board.

Use C = 30 Mpa
Deformed steel bars
Use the allowable stress according to BS-5330 or any other recent code

Figure 1 square water tank

Solution

2.7 m

2.5m

5m
5m mm
mm mm
mm m3
Figure 1 square water tank
m3
504
504
1m
1m mm
mm mm
mm mm
Unit weight of water (ϒw) =9.8𝐾𝑁/𝑚3
Step 1: Analysis for Moment and Tensile force
Based on IS3370 (Part-IV) gives tables for moments and shear forces in walls for certain edge
condition. Table 3 of IS3370 provides coefficient for max Bending moments in horizontal and
vertical direction.
Maximum vertical moment = 𝑀𝑥 𝑤 𝑎3 (for x/a = 1, y=0)

Maximum horizontal moment = 𝑀𝑦 𝑤 𝑎3 (for x/a = 0, y=b/2)

Since
𝐿 5 𝑥 𝑏 𝑥
= = 2; 𝑎𝑡 𝑦 = 0; = 1; 𝑀𝑥 = −0.086; 𝑎𝑡 𝑦 = ; = 0; 𝑀𝑦 = −0.060
𝑎 2.5 𝑎 2 𝑎

There fore
Max vertical moment = 𝑀𝑥 𝑤 𝑎3 = −0.086 ∗ 9.81 ∗ 2.53 = −13.18𝐾𝑁. 𝑚

Max horizontal moment = 𝑀𝑦 𝑤 𝑎3 = −0.060 ∗ 9.81 ∗ 2.53 = −9.20𝐾𝑁. 𝑚

𝑏 5
𝑇 = ϒ𝑤 ∗ 𝑎 ∗ = 9.81 ∗ 2.5 ∗ = 61𝐾𝑁
2 2
Step2: Design constants
Since from handout for M30 Grades
Fck=24 MPa
ϒc=1.65 for class II for Persistent and Transient
Fy= 250N/mm2 for mild steel
ϒm=1.2 for class II for Persistent and Transient
24
𝑓𝑐𝑑 = = 12𝑀𝑃𝑎,
1.65
250
𝑓𝑦𝑑 = = 208𝑀𝑃𝑎
1.2
280 280
Modular ratio (M)=3∗𝑓 = 3∗12 = 7.55
𝑐𝑑

𝑚𝑓𝑐𝑑
𝑘= = 7.55 ∗ 12/(7.55 ∗ 12 + 208) = 0.31
𝑚𝑓𝑐𝑑 + 𝑓𝑦𝑑
𝑘
𝑗 = 1 − (3) = 0.90

𝑄 = 1/2𝑓𝑐𝑑 𝑗𝑘 = 1.72
Step3: Design for vertical moment
𝑴𝒎𝒂𝒙 = −𝟏𝟑. 𝟏𝟖𝑲𝑵. 𝒎

𝒅 = √𝑴/𝑸𝒃 = √𝟏𝟑. 𝟏𝟖 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟔 /(𝟏. 𝟕𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 = 𝟖𝟕. 𝟓𝟒𝒎𝒎

Assuming effective cover as 33mm, the thickness of wall is
𝑡 = 87.54 + 40 = 127.54 ≈ 150𝑚𝑚
𝑑𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 = 𝑡 − 40 = 150 − 40 = 110𝑚𝑚

𝑀 13.18 ∗ 106
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = = = 641𝑚𝑚2
𝑓𝑦𝑑 𝑗𝑑 208 ∗ 0.9 ∗ 110

Therefore use 12 mm diameter bar and calculate spacing

1000 1000
𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 𝜋𝑑 2 ∗ = 𝜋 ∗ 122 ∗ = 176.37
𝐴𝑠𝑡 641
So, provide #12 @ 170 mm c/c
Distribution steel
Minimum area of steel is 0.24% of concrete area
0.24 0.24
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = ( ) ∗ 1000 ∗ 𝑡 = ∗ 1000 ∗ 150 = 360𝑚𝑚2
100 100
Therefore use 10 mm diameter bar and calculate spacing
1000 1000
𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 𝜋𝑑 2 ∗ = 𝜋 ∗ 102 ∗ = 218.17
𝐴𝑠𝑡 360
So, provide #10 @ 210 mm c/c as distribution steel.
Provide #10 @ 210mm c/c as vertical and horizontal distribution on the outer face.
Step4: Design for Horizontal moment
The tension in the wall is computed by considering the section at height H1 from the base.
Depth of water h=2.5, 𝛾𝑤 = 9.81𝐾𝑁/𝑚3
𝑝 = 𝑤ℎ = 9.81 𝑥 2.5 = 24.53 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
𝑝𝐿 24.53∗5
Tension (T) = = = 61.31𝐾𝑁
2 2
𝐷 150
Net bending moment M’=M-Tx, where, 𝑥 = 𝑑 − 2 = 130 − = 35𝑚𝑚
2
35
Then 𝑀’ = 𝑀 − 𝑇𝑥 = 9.2 − 61.3 ∗ 1000 = 7.2𝐾𝑁, 𝑚
 𝑀’ 106
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = = 7.2 ∗ = 343.3𝑚𝑚2
𝑓𝑦𝑑 𝑗𝑑 208 ∗ 0.9 ∗ 110
1000 1000
𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 𝜋𝑑 2 ∗ = 𝜋 ∗ 102 ∗ 343.3 = 329.53
𝐴𝑠𝑡

Provide #12@120 mm c/c at corners

Step5: Base Slab:
The slab is resting on firm ground. Hence nominal thickness and reinforcement is provided. The
thickness of slab is assumed to be 200 mm and 0.24% reinforcement is provided in the form of #8
@ 200 c/c. at top and bottom
 Assignment 2 Weir segment gate
#2. Determine the total water thrust on the segment gate of the following figure with a
width of 15m and radius of 19m

Figure 2 spillway segment gate

Solution

Given:

For weir gate the maximum headwater on the seal is equal to the gate sealing height, that is,

H=h=520-502=18m

Also B=side seal span =15m

R= skin plate radius =19m

Dm= difference between the elevation of the water level and the center of

Curvature of the skin

Plate =520-502= 18m

Ds= difference between the elevation of the center of curvature of the skin

Seal (for submerged gates) or the water level ( in case of weir gates)= 509-520=- 11m
Di= difference between the elevation of the center of curvature of the skin

Plate and the seal =509-502=7m

αs = arcsine = Ds/ R = (-11/19)=-35.3770= -0.6174rad

αi = arcsine = Di /R = 7/19= 21.6180= 0.3773rad

Cosαs = 0.8154 sinαs = -0.5789

Cosαi =0.9297 sinαi= 0.3684

The horizontal component of the water thrust is,

Wh= γBh(H-h)/2 using BODMAS principle

Where: γ= Specific weight of water 9.81kN/m3

= 9.81*15*18*(18-18/2) =23838.30kN

The Vertical component of the water thrust is,

Wv= γBR[Dm(Cosαs- Cosαi)+R(αi-αs)/2+R(sinαsCosαs- sinαi Cosαi)/2]

=9.81*15*19{11(0.8154-0.9297)+19(0.3773-(-0.6174)/2+19*[(-0.5789)*0.8154-
0.3684*0.9297]}=1269.6KN

Magnitude of W and The direction of the resultant ᵦ water thrust are calculated below

W= √(Wh2+Wv2) = √ (23838.30)2+(1269.6)2=23872KN

Assignment 3 Flap gate

#3. Calculate the design discharge over the crest of the flap gate, the force in X and Y
direction, their resultant and the moment about the support of the flap gate for the following
figure.
Additional given data
R = 2m
L = 2m
W0 = r = 0.4
 ϴ = 300

α= 400
Depth of water over the gate crest is 2m
approaching velocity head to the gate is 0.5m
Width of the gate is 10m

Figure 3 Flap gate

Solution
Additional given data
R = 2m
L = 2m
W0 = r = 0.4m
ϴ = 300
α = 400
g = 9.8 m/s2
Density of water (𝜌𝑤 ) = 1000𝐾𝑔/𝑚3
Depth of water over the gate crest is 2m
Approaching velocity head to the gate is 0.5m
Total Head (H)= 2 + 0.5 = 2.5
Width of the gate is 10m
a) Calculate the design discharge over the crest of the flap gate.
1st step writes the formula
2
𝑄 = 𝑐𝑞 ∗ 3 ∗ √2 ∗ 𝑔 ∗ 𝐵 ∗ 𝐻 3/2

2nd step read the discharge coefficient from the graph based on the given data.
𝑅 2 𝑅 𝑤𝑜 𝑟
Since 𝐿 = 2 = 1 𝑤𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐿 = 2.5 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑝ℎ 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ = 0.2 = 𝐿 = 0.2
𝐿

Because from the given data 𝑤𝑜 = 𝑟 = 0.4

𝑤𝑜 𝑟 0.4
So =𝐿= = 0.2 and
𝐿 2
𝐻 2+0.5
= = 1.25
𝐿 2

𝛳 = 300
There for from the graph below we get 𝑐𝑞 = 0.78

Finally, we can get design discharge over the crest of the flap gate based on the following
formula.
2
𝑄 = 𝑐𝑞 ∗ ∗ √2 ∗ 𝑔 ∗ 𝐵𝐻 3/2
3
 2 3
𝑄 = 0.78 ∗ ∗ √2 ∗ 9.81 ∗ 10 ∗ 2.52 = 9.1𝑚3 /𝑠
3
b) Force in Y direction (Fy),
𝐹𝑦 = 𝐶𝑦 ∗ 𝜌𝑤 ∗ 𝑔 ∗ ℎ ∗ 𝐿
𝑅 2 ℎ 2
Since = 2 = 1 , 𝑎 = 400 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐿 = 2 = 1 𝑤𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑝ℎ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝐶𝑦
𝐿

Then 𝐶𝑦 ≈ 0.53
There fore
𝐹𝑦 = 0.53 ∗ 1000 ∗ 9.81 ∗ 2 ∗ 2 = 20.8𝐾𝑁
c) Force in X direction (Fx),
𝐹𝑥 = 𝐶𝑥 ∗ 𝜌𝑤 ∗ 𝑔 ∗ ℎ ∗ 𝐿
𝑅 2 ℎ 2
Since = 2 = 1 , 𝑎 = 400 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐿 = 2 = 1 𝑤𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑝ℎ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝐶𝑥
𝐿
 Then 𝐶𝑦 ≈ 0.53
There fore
𝐹𝑥 = 0.55 ∗ 1000 ∗ 9.81 ∗ 2 ∗ 2 = 21.6𝐾𝑁
d) Resultant force (F)
𝐹 = √𝐹𝑦 2 + 𝐹𝑥 2
𝐹 = √20.82 + 21.62 = 30.0𝐾𝑁
e) Moment about the support of the flap gate
𝑀𝑜 = 𝑐𝑚 ∗ 𝜌𝑊 ∗ 𝑔 ∗ ℎ ∗ 𝐿2
𝑅 2 ℎ 2
Since = 2 = 1 , 𝑎 = 400 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐿 = 2 = 1 𝑤𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑝ℎ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝐶𝑚
𝐿

Then 𝐶𝑦 ≈ 0.53
There fore
𝑀𝑜 = 0.37 ∗ 1000 ∗ 9.81 ∗ 2 ∗ 22 = 29.04𝐾𝑁𝑚