CE 629A: EARTHQUAKE ANALYSIS & DESIGN

SEMESTER II: 2020-21

Homework # 4: Hazard Analysis, Groundmotion, Response Spectrum and

Nonlinear Response
Due February 18, 2021

Prob.#1
A bridge site is located near two seismically active faults. A seismological investigation
determined that the closest fault, 6 km away is capable of a Magnitude 6.5 earthquake
and the second fault, 15 km away, is capable of a Magnitude 7.5 earthquake. The site has
been determined to be on firm ground. Use the attenuation relation given by Campbell
(1981) for mean peak horizontal acceleration, which is based on the worldwide data for
sites within 50 km of the fault rupture in magnitudes of 5.0 to 7.7 earthquakes:
ln(PGA) = - 4.141 + 0.868 M – 1.09 ln[R+0.0606 e0.7 M ]
where, PGA is peak ground acceleration in g, M is magnitude of earthquake and R is the
closest distance to the fault rupture in km.
a) Determine the elastic design spectra for 5% damping following the Newmark-
Hall approach as discussed in the class. Use parameters corresponding to 84.1%
probability of non-exceedance because bridge are important structures for they
are required to be functional even after an event of the design earthquake.
b) Determine the Newmark-Hall inelastic response spectra for 5% damping and a
ductility factor of 3.
c) Compare the elastic Newmark-Hall design spectrum with that of IS:1893 with
the PGA as determined above.
Prob. 2:
The dominant horizontal component of acceleration time histories recorded for two
earthquakes, the M6.9 1940 El Centro and the M6.8 1999 Chamoli, are given in the Excel
file. For these two motions, do the following:
a) Plot acceleration time histories and determine PGAs, and bracketed durations.
b) Integrate acceleration time histories to obtain velocity and displacement time
histories and determine PGVs and PGDs.
c) Determine the predominant period of the ground motion records.
d) Determine EPA for both motions and compare with respective PGAs.
e) Calculate Arias intensity and determine the duration from the Husid plot.
f) Comment on whether these motions are near-field or far-field.
Prob. 3:
Consider elastic SDoF system shown in the figure:
a) The shown elastic SDOF system is pulled to the left 50 mm m = 20 Mg
then released. Compute its response for the following
cases: undamped motion, damped motion with 1%, 10%, k = 720 kN/m
and 99% of critical. Comment on your answer.
b) Redo Problem 2(a) (case of 10% damping) if the vertical h = 250 mm
member behaves in an elastic-perfectly plastic manner. The
yield moment of the vertical member is 500 Nm. Assume
that a plastic hinge forms at the base.
c) Again assuming that the vertical member behaves in an elastic-perfectly plastic
manner, use NONLIN to compute the response of the member if (a) yield
moment of the member is 500 Nm, (b) 250 Nm, and (c) 125 Nm. Use the forcing
function option with a force of 20 kN, period of 0.5 s, phase of 0 sec, and duration
of 2 s. Compare to elastic response and comment on your answer.

CE629A/Dr Durgesh Rai/IITK/2020-21

 CE 629A: EARTHQUAKE ANALYSIS & DESIGN
SEMESTER II: 2020-21
Prob. 4:
Consider the SDoF system of Prob. 3. Use response spectra to determine the maximum
absolute acceleration, the maximum relative displacement, and the maximum pseudo-
relative velocity for (a) assume elastic behavior, 5% damping, and a foundation motion
equal to the NRIDG1 record in NONLIN (corresponds to the 1994 Northridge record),
and (b) the Newmark-Hall spectrum with a maximum ground acceleration set equal to
½ the PGA of the Northridge record. Comment on your answer.
Prob. 5:
Consider the SDoF system of Prob. 3. Plot the maximum force in the system for 0%, 2%,
4%, 6%, 8% and 10% damping. Use the ‘Displacement Ductility Plot Tool’ in NONLIN to
plot the maximum force for 0% damping and ductility ratios of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8.
Use the default parameters in the plot tool. Do you think that it is possible to simulate the
effect of increasing ductility ratio by increasing damping?

CE629A/Dr Durgesh Rai/IITK/2020-21