Advantages and Weaknesses of SA 387 gr.

11 Perspective of an European Steel Producer

D. CARDAMONE, L. COUDREUSE, Ph. BOURGES, J. BURLAT & A. GINGELL INDUSTEEL ( ARCELOR group)

API Roundtable on 1-1/4Cr , ATLANTA, May 18h 2004 1-

CONTENT Introduction Comparision of Standards Technical Issues Particular approach for heavy plates Conclusions

API Roundtable on 1-1/4Cr , ATLANTA, May 18h 2004 1-

SA 387 gr.11 : Cl.1 vs. Cl.2 Industeel Production Lower thickness range ( < 3") SA 387 gr.11 Cl.1 200 T en 2002 300 T en 2003 SA 387 gr.11 Cl.2 1600 T en 2002 1600 T en 2003 Higher thickness range ( > 3") exclusively SA 387 gr.11 Cl.2

API Roundtable on 1-1/4Cr , ATLANTA, May 18h 2004 1-

CONTENT Introduction Comparision of Standards Technical Issues Particular approach for heavy plates Conclusions

API Roundtable on 1-1/4Cr , ATLANTA, May 18h 2004 1-

STANDARDS & CODES

European standard EN 10028-2 vs. ASTM A387

13 Cr Mo Si 5-5

A 387 Gr 11

SAME MATERIAL SAME PURPOSE Difference of definition Difference of requirements

API Roundtable on 1-1/4Cr , ATLANTA, May 18h 2004 1-

STANDARDS & CODES

13 Cr Mo Si 5-5
S: P: Ni: Cu: N: 0.005 max 0.015 max < 0.3 < 0.3 < 0.012 S: P: Ni: Cu: N:

A 387 Gr 11
0.035 max 0.035 max as SA 20 ( 0.40) as SA 20 ( 0.40) none

Thick. NT <60 60- 100 <60 QT 60-100 100-250

YS 0.2 310 300 400 390 380

UTS 480-630 480-560 510-690 500-680 490-670

A% Thick. Class 1 20 Class 2 YS 0.2 240 310 UTS 415-585 515-690 A%

Degressivity of tensile properties with thickness in EN. Acknowledged difference between QT & NT in EN
API Roundtable on 1-1/4Cr , ATLANTA, May 18h 2004 1-

STANDARDS & CODES

13 Cr Mo Si 5-5
Complementary requirements on tensile properties
Extract of Table 4 thickness < 60 60 - 250 50 300 290 Proof strength as a function of tC 100 285 276 150 272 263 200 260 252 250 250 241 300 240 232 350 231 224 400 223 216 450 215 208 500 -

This part of the standard is not informative, this is an actual requirement The values are similar to those required by the ASME code In practice, high temperature yield strength values can be met. This is not true for tensile strength.
API Roundtable on 1-1/4Cr , ATLANTA, May 18h 2004 1-

STANDARDS & CODES

13 Cr Mo Si 5-5 vs. ASME requirements

SA387g11 cl2 Yield strength as a function of temperature according to ASME and European codes
Sy ASME SA387g11cl2 320 310 300 290 280 270 Sy in MPa 260 250 240 230 220 210 200 190 180 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Temperature in C 350 400 450 500 550 600 Sy EN10028.2

API Roundtable on 1-1/4Cr , ATLANTA, May 18h 2004 1-

STANDARDS & CODES

Actual values vs. ASME requirements

SA387g11 Hot tensile tests 95 to 121 mm plate thickness Total tempering parameter 20400
Rp02 550 Rm Sy Su

500 450

Stress (MPa)

400

350 300

250 200

150 300 350 400 Temperature (C) 450 500 550

API Roundtable on 1-1/4Cr , ATLANTA, May 18h 2004 1-

CONTENT Introduction Comparision of Standards Technical Issues Particular approach for heavy plates Perspectives in Europe Conclusions
API Roundtable on 1-1/4Cr , ATLANTA, May 18h 2004 1-

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TECHNICAL ISSUES

REVERSIBLE TEMPER EMBRITTLEMENT

Step Cooling A387g11 cl2
14 12 10 8 6 Delta 54 J 4 2 0 100 -2 -4 -6 J Factor

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

For Phosphorus levels typical of Industeel production (<0.010%, target < 0.007%), there is no real influence of J-factor
API Roundtable on 1-1/4Cr , ATLANTA, May 18h 2004 1-

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TECHNICAL ISSUES

CREEP CRACKING : MPC FACTOR

0,11<C<0,14 Lo MPC

CLASS 2
10 0, PC < C iM H

C Lo <0, M 10 PC

Determine composition & class

Refine Joint design

Conv. Joint design

Conv. Joint design Q+T and Cont.Temper 06-.08C% Filler Moderate Heat Input

.06-.08C% Filler Low Heat Input

06-.08C% Filler Moderate Heat Input

PWHT 1300F

PWHT 1275F

PWHT 1250F

NO PROBLEM OF TENSILE PROPERTIES DUE TO ACCELERATED WATER COOLING PROCESS

API Roundtable on 1-1/4Cr , ATLANTA, May 18h 2004 1-

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TECHNICAL ISSUES

CREEP CRACKING : MPC FACTOR

INDUSTEEL production respects MPC-7<0,5 BUT MPC-5<2,4 is almost impossible to guarantee THE Reason is NIOBIUM measurements MPC-5 requires Nb<1,5ppm OUR Nb residuals are only detected above 2ppm

Whats the real influence of Nb ?

How can we measure <2ppm ?

13

API Roundtable on 1-1/4Cr , ATLANTA, May 18h 2004 1-

TECHNICAL ISSUES

CREEP CRACKING : role of phosphorus

Creep rupture elongation of A387 gr11 at 500C
50 45 40 35 30 RA% 25 20 15
Srie1 Srie2

P=0,007

P=0,012
10 5 0 1000 10000
API Roundtable on 1-1/4Cr , ATLANTA, May 18h 2004 1-

100000

Time (h)

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TECHNICAL ISSUES

CREEP STRENGTH

API Roundtable on 1-1/4Cr , ATLANTA, May 18h 2004 1-

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TECHNICAL ISSUES

DISBONDING
Weld overlay - all results
1,25Cr-1Mo 2,25Cr-1Mo 3Cr-1Mo 2,25Cr-1Mo-V 3Cr-1Mo-V

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
D C B A

A : 225+6 ; 454C ; 180bar B: 254+6 ; 454C ; 150bar C: 200+6 ; 454C ; 150bar D: 150+6 ; 454C ; 150bar

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

H2 cal (ppm)
API Roundtable on 1-1/4Cr , ATLANTA, May 18h 2004 1-

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TECHNICAL ISSUES

DISBONDING
SA 387 gr.11 would appear to be slightly more sensitive than SA 387 gr.22 Possible reason : Greater hydrogen trapping in SA 387 gr.22

In both cases, low CARBON content (0.15% max) is essential to protect against the Disbonding Risk: softening of the structure at the interface.
API Roundtable on 1-1/4Cr , ATLANTA, May 18h 2004 1-

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TECHNICAL ISSUES

CONCLUSIONS
The problems normally encountered are : Creep Ductility Step cooling resistance reversible Temper Embrittlement LOW P CONTROL IS ESSENTIAL TO LIMIT THESE PROBLEMS J factor target for INDUSTEEL is most of the time < 120-150 This value should help to select high cleanliness steels For the %P content For Mn+Si+Sn% considered as increasing P segregation
API Roundtable on 1-1/4Cr , ATLANTA, May 18h 2004 1-

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CONTENT Introduction Comparision of Standards Technical Issues Particular approach for heavy plates Conclusions

API Roundtable on 1-1/4Cr , ATLANTA, May 18h 2004 1-

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PARTICULAR APPROACH FOR HEAVY PLATES Industeel Production, HDS projects in 2003/2004 (> 3")
Belgium 188 T, 118mm, KCV 18C, PWHT 660C/16h France 225 T, 109mm, KCV 18C, PWHT 670C / 13h Saudi Arabia 132 T, 78mm, KCV 18C, PWHT 665C / 16h 116 T, 96mm, KCV 18C, PWHT 680C/18h 500 T, 150mm, KCV 18C, PWHT 670C / 16h South Korea 635 T, 134mm, KCV 18C, PWHT 670C / 17h China 260 T, 160mm, KCV +20C, PWHT 675C / 26h 200 T, 95mm, KCV 10C, PWHT 690C/20h USA 700 T, 180mm, KCV 7C, PWHT 675C / 17h

API Roundtable on 1-1/4Cr , ATLANTA, May 18h 2004 1-

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PARTICULAR APPROACH FOR HEAVY PLATES For high thickness (> 4"), TOUGHNESS is the main issue Toughness guarantees (54/47J) limited to 18C / -10F PWHT almost always < 690C / 1275F WHY ? slower cooling rate leads to a mixed bainite ferrite/pearlite microstructure excessive heat treatment leads to coarsening of carbides and enrichment in Mo

API Roundtable on 1-1/4Cr , ATLANTA, May 18h 2004 1-

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IRREVERSIBLE TEMPER EMBRITTLEMENT

CCT Diagram of GR11

P355Q Example of a 200 mm thick plate Quenched Microstructure contains a significant rate of Perlite + Ferrite

API Roundtable on 1-1/4Cr , ATLANTA, May 18h 2004 1-

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PARTICULAR APPROACH FOR HEAVY PLATES

PRESENCE OF FERRITE + PERLITE

Creation and precipitation of CARBIDES

(M23C6, M6C, M2C)

UNSTABLE @ High Temperature Carbide growth Embrittlement

API Roundtable on 1-1/4Cr , ATLANTA, May 18h 2004 1-

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PARTICULAR APPROACH FOR HEAVY PLATES 3 Parameters to be controlled F+P Content Carbide coarsening Grain Size EFFECT OF PWHT+Tempering on Grade 11 Toughness

API Roundtable on 1-1/4Cr , ATLANTA, May 18h 2004 1-

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PARTICULAR APPROACH FOR HEAVY PLATES

STATISTICAL DATA ON PWHT EFFECT 180 160 140 120
JOULES

100 80 60 40 20 0 600

33 J

620

640

660
Temperature of SR during 10h (C)

680

700

720

Sensitive area very often targeted by manufacturers

API Roundtable on 1-1/4Cr , ATLANTA, May 18h 2004 1-

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PARTICULAR APPROACH FOR HEAVY PLATES

API Roundtable on 1-1/4Cr , ATLANTA, May 18h 2004 1-

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PARTICULAR APPROACH FOR HEAVY PLATES

21500

21000

-29C / 54J Tempering parameter T(20+logt) Iincreasing testing temperature 20500

20000

19500

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

19000 230

Plate thickness in mm

API Roundtable on 1-1/4Cr , ATLANTA, May 18h 2004 1-

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CONTENT Introduction Comparision of Standards Technical Issues Particular approach for heavy plates Perspectives in Europe Conclusions
API Roundtable on 1-1/4Cr , ATLANTA, May 18h 2004 1-

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CONCLUSIONS

Cl.2 is more widely used than Cl.1 Above 2, SA 387 gr.11 Cl.2 is provided as NACT / QT For improved resistance to embrittlement, low P levels are essential For high thickness (> 4), toughness is the primary concern At such thicknesses, it is necessary to limit the maximum tempering parameter This may require tempering below PWHT, and performing PWHT < 690C
API Roundtable on 1-1/4Cr , ATLANTA, May 18h 2004 1-

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