In The Name Of God

T.S ELIOT: The Waste Land: This is a poem a bout spiritual dryness,a bout the kind of existence in which no regenerating belief gives significance and value to peoples doily activities ,sex brings no fruit fulness and death herolds no resurrection.
This symbolic waste land can be revived only if a questing king goes to the chapel perilous,situated in the heart of it ,

and there asks certain ritual questions a bout the Grail and the Lance-Originally fertility symbols ,female and male , erspectively .

The proper asking of these questions revives the king and restores fertility to the land. Eliot following Weston ,thus uses a great variety of mythological and religious material both occidental and oriental , to paint a symbolic picture of the modern waste land the need for regeneration .

The terror of that life-its loneliness,emptiness and irrational apprehensions-as well as its misuse of sexuality are vividly presented but paradoxically,the poem ends with a benediction.

W.H.AUDEN
Wystan Hugh Auden was born in York and educated at Greshams school ,Holt,Norfolk,and christ church , oxford. After leaving oxford he taught school from 1930 to 1935 and later worked for a government film unit. His sympathies in the 1930s were with the left ,like those of most intellectuals of his age,and he went to spain during the ciril war,

Intending to serve as an ambulance driver on the left-wing Republican side. He found himself to his surprise,however so disturbed by the sight of the many Roman catholic churches gutted and looted by the Republicans that he returned to England without fulfilling his ambition.

Auden was the most active of the groupe of young English poets who in the late 1920s and early 1930s saw themselves bringing new techniques and attitudes to English poetry. Like all his generation Auden learned poetic wit and ironey from T.S.Eliot and he also learned metrical and Verbal techniques from Gerard Manley Hopkins and from Wilfred Owen.

The depression that upset America in 1929 hit England soon afterward and Auden and his contemporaries looked out at an England of industrial stagnation and mass unemployment seeing not the metaphorical waste land of Eliot but a more literal waste land of poverty and depressed areas. His early poetry is much concerned with a diagnosis of the ills of his country.

This diagnosis ,conducted in a verse that combined deliberate irreverence and sometimes even clowning with a cunning verbal craftsmanship,drew on both Freud and Marx to show England now as a nation of neurotic invalids who must learn to throw away their rugs.and now as the victim of an antiquated economic system.

Gradually,Auden learned to clarify his imagery and control his desire to shock at the same time he was developing a more complex view of the world,moving from his earlier diagnosis of modern ills in terms of Freud and Marx to a more religious view of personal responsibility and traditional value without ,abandoning the ideas and terms he had learned from modern Psychology.

In the poems of this period he preferred to confront modern problems directly rather than to filter them ,as Eliot did ,through symbolic situations. Auden grew increasingly hostile to the modern ills. In the last year of his life he returned to England to live in oxford feeling the need to be part of a university community as a protection against loneliness.

1-Poems 2-On This Island 3-Another Time 4-Nones 5-About The House 6-City Without Walls

Dylian Thomas: Dylian Thomas was born in swansea,wales,and educated at swansea Grammar school. After working for a time as a newspaper he was discoveerd as a poet in 1933 through a poetry contest in a popular newspaper. Thomas did not however turn out to be the founder of of a neo-Romantic movement ,though some early critics took him to be so.

His images were most carefully ordered in a patterned sequence and his major theme was the unity of all life,the continuing process of life and death and new life that linked the generations to each other. And because of this view he comforted himself with the unity of humankind and nature ,of post and present ,of life and death and so refused to mourn the death of a child.

He died suddenly in New York ,in November 1953 ,of what was diagnosed as an insult to the brain. 1-The Map of Love 2-Deaths And Entrances 3-Collected Poems 4-Peem In October 5-Portrait Of The Artist As a Young Dog 6-Under Milk Wood

Poetry of world war 2: There has long been a widespread impression that word war 2 unlike world war 1 produced no notable poetry. Disappintment with the poets failure to contribute to the war effort was voiced as early as December 1939 ,when a leading article in The Times Literary Supplement urged them to do their duty:It is for the poets to sound the trumpet call the monstrous threat to belief

and freedom which we are fighting should urge new psalmists to fresh songs of deliveerance. With few exceptions the British of the 1930s had been born shortly before the outbreak of world war I ,and those who were to be the poets of world war2 were born during that earlier conflict.

They grew up not as Ropert Brooke in the sunlit peace of Georgian England but amid wars and tumors of wars. They lived through the Depression and rise of fascim. World war 1 had been fought for the most part,on the land and its emblem in popular mythology was the trench.

After the indis criminate killing of civillians in a bombing raid-by German aircraft-on the spanish town of Guernica in 1937 every body knew or else should know that the emblem of the next war would be the bomb,the fire from hearen. So it proved. On September 1,1939,Germany ,in pursuit of imperial ambi tions and without warning,launched a savage attack on Poland by land and air.

Two days later,Britain and France declared war on Germany. By the end of the month,Germany and its ally Russia had between them defeated and partitioned Poland. it was then Russias turn to attack Finland and in April 1940,Germany invaded Denmark and Norway. for Britain and France,the period of inactivity that came to be known as The phoney warended in Bay,when the German Army overran Luxembourg and invaded.

The Netherlands and Belgium,their armored columns raced for the English channel. Cutoff,the British forces were evacuated by sea,with heavy losses,from Dunkirk and in June,France singed and armistice with Germany. Now that everybody knew about the Battle of somme,the bombing of Geure nica,London,Dresden,who could be surprised by evidence of Mans inhumanity to man?

in one of the more influential poetic mainfestos of the twentieth century,owens draft preface to his poems he had written All a poet can do today is warn. His warnings and those of his contemporaries had been uttred in vain ,but the poets of world war 2 knew they must be truthful,true to their wartime experience of boredom and brutality,true to their humanity,and above all,resistant to the murderous inhumanity of the machines.

HENRY REED: Henry Reed was born and educated in Birming ham at the King Edward v1 school and at Birming ham university where he gained a first-class degree in classics and wrote an M.A thesis on Thomas Hardy. Leaving the university in 1934 he tried teaching but again like most of British writers hated it and left to make his way as a freelance writer and critic.

A notable mimic he would entertain his friends with a comic imitation of a sergeant instructing new recruits. After a few performances he noticed that the words of the weapontraining instructor,couched in the style of the military manual,fell in to certain rhythmic patterns that fascinated him.

From 1942 to 1945 Reed worked as a cryptographer and translator at the Government code and cypher school at Bletchley. he emerged as a poet whose lifelong quest for lasting homosexual live-which he never found-led him throug Edenic landscapes of desire. 1-Lessons Of The War 2-Naming Of Parts 3-Collected Poems

PHILIP LARKIN: Philip Larkin was born in converty ,educated at its king henry v8 school and at st. Johns college, oxford and was for many years librarian of the Hull university Library. Like Hardy he wrote novels and his poems have a novelists sense of place and skill in the handling of direct speech. He was the dominant figure in what came to be known as the movement.

no other poet presents the welfare-state world of postimperial britain so vividly,his output was small,but his four volumes of poetry and his controversial anthology testify to the continuing vitality of a native english tradition. 1-The North Ship 2-Jill 3-A Girl In Winter 4-The Oxford Book Of Twentieth-Century English Verse

TED HUGHES: Ted Hughes was born in Yorkshire the son of one of seventeen men from a regiment of several hundred to return from Gallipoli world war 1,a tragedy that imprinted the imagination of the poet. He was educated at Mexborough Grammar school and pembroke college cambridge,where in his last year he changed his course study from English to archaeology and anthropology.

Returning from the wilder shores of mgth,hughes has shown that he can render the natural world with a delicacy and tenderness as arresting as his earlier ferocity. 1-The Hawk In The Rain 2-Lupecal 3-Crow 4-Gaudete 5-Moortown 6-Remains Of Elmet 7-River 8-Flowers And Insects

Hughes electrifying descriptions of jaguar,thrushes and pike similary generate metaphors that relate such creatures to forces underlying all animal and human experience. He believed that the very sound of metre calls up the ghosts of the pasand it is difficult to sing ones owntune against that choir. it is easier to speak a language that raises no ghosts.

SEAMUS HEANEY: Seamus Heaney was born in to a Roman catholic fomily in the protestont north of ireland. He won scholarships first to st. columbs college a catholic boarding school and then to Queens university in protestant belfast. There he became one of a lively groupe of young poets that writing with the encouragement of two faculty poest,

Laurence Lerner and Philip Hobsbaum. He is now Boylston professor of Rhetoric and oratory at Harvard and professor of poetry at oxford. In many of his poems his concern has been to give a voice to the silent and oppressed. 1-Digging 2-Field Work 3-Station Island 4-The Haw Lantern 5-Seeing Things

CRAIG RAINE: Raine was born in shildon,county Durham and Barnard castle school and exeter college,oxford. For some years he was a lecturer at that university then from 1981 to 1991 he was poetry editor and he is now a fellow of new college,oxford. He is married to the niece of the great Russian poet Boris Pasternak and Raines dazzling metaphoric sequences probably owe something to this aspect of pasternaks early poetry.

Raines poems are flamboyant,self conscious and witty but they delight in the world,and when they work,they help us to delight in it. 1-A Silver Plate,Craig Raine

The best cosmetic for lips is truth for voice is prayer for eyes is pity for hands is charity for heart is love and for life is friendship

The End