Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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Presented By: Tanmeet Gujral, Jennifer Smith, Rebecca Bucaro, Solomon Cooper
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referred to as savages
Native medicine men were thought to be evil Loss of property and resources
to to to to
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4. Their Future
Gain Federal Recognition Building relationships between the tribe and communities in the city (Bay Area). Instilling California Indian pride in a new generation.
It isnt for glory. It isnt for self promotion. It is for the benefit of our people not just Ohlone, but all California Indians, that we are in control of our history, our present our destiny. The time is now. - Quoted from Being Ohlone in the 21st Century
Image: http://www.kqed.org/assets/img/arts/blog/ohlone.jpg
An introduction to the Ohlone Life: 1. Lifestyle 2. Religion and ceremonies 3. Storytelling & Language 4. Crafts and trade (1 & 2)
1. Lifestyle
Known for their generosity and willingness to help even the Spanish invaders Community helping each other Sustainability used the areas resources; had controlled burns Fixed villages but moved temporarily with seasonal changes.
Tule houses Redwood bark houses
Respected nature and lived in harmony with it as they perceived Nature, in the form of spirits, had influence over their lives Festivals to celebrate cultivating and harvesting Marriage and Death ceremonies Shamans - healers
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Languages/Dialects Costanoan
Past around 8 to 10 languages or dialects - tribes thought to have been able to understand each other Present around 3-4 languages left
Weaving and twinningBaskets, trays, mats, utensils, rope, etc Crafts made for gifts; storing and gathering; trade; ceremonies Bone and feather crafts- necklaces, pendants, earrings, belts, clothes, cloaks, head-dresses
Basketry was a womans daily task; gathered around to make baskets; women who did not know basket weaving were thought to be possessed by evil Baskets and crafts of a tribelet were different from those of other tribelets in patterns, weave, designs; followed tradition of the tribelet. Ohlone Baskets are scarce due to the traditions of burning personal possessions with the dead.
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They had an intimate connection to the land, living with it rather than on it Tule wetlands were used as a building material for the Ohlone Culture Cottonwood, sycamores, and willows were grown there Salinas/salt ponds- these were mainly found next to tidal marshes
psychology.com/Blog/?tag=comm unity-ceremony]
Hunting
HarvestingTuleAcorns
Tule elk and other deer Pronghorn antelope that no longer inhabit the San Francisco and Monterey Bay regions. fishing for salmon, trout and abalone
main dietary supplement everyone in the tribe collected Stored for winter
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Tule grows in wetlands or areas of seasonal flooding. The interior of each long Tule stem is filled with spongy tissue packed with air cells. It is the pithy interior of the tule stem that makes it such a unique and useful form of water transportation. Tule boats, or Tule balsas, were used by California Natives to travel across inlets, deep marshes, lakes and bays.
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Tule Ethnobotany
In Central California, Tules were made into: Houses- with willow frameworks and Tule mat thaches baskets - from loose berry baskets to water carriers (Yokuts); clothing - Pomo 'grass' skirts and leggings to Yurok sun visors; mats - to thatch a house or sit on, or rolled up for storage; dolls and toys - slings, quivers, swaddling clothes, arrow skippers; Tule Bittern Bird Toys by Luwana Quitiquit http://newsblaze.com/photo/20 080225/pomo-bitterns_jpg
balsa boats and rafts - from one man floats to small islands;
duck decoys - plain, painted, and feather covered. [http://www.primitiveways.com/tule_ethnobotan y.html]
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Tule boats, or Tule balsas, were used by California Natives to travel across inlets, deep marshes, lakes and bays. Building the boat began by first harvesting the Tule and then drying it for 2-3 weeks. Rope making was an important part of boat construction. Rope was made from nettle fiber, twisted hemp, wild grape vine, and twisted cattails.
Tule tends to rot quickly, and is not suitable for permanent structures.
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Almost Done
Finished Hut
The inside
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Gathering Baskets
http://www.primitiveways.com/ Image: by Tanmeet Gujral; Location: Coyote Hills State Park, Fremont, ca
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Tule Bittern
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Tule and other varieties of bulrush/ reeds provide food, shelter, and nesting habitat to wetland inhabitants Encourage sediment deposition- provide building blocks for ecosystem Tule and fish- provide food and refuge for small and young fish of many species Tule acts as a buffer against wind and water forces for indigenous species survival Agriculture and cattle grazing- introduction of invasive plant species; loss of native plants and animals Loss of Tule and marshes to diking, draining, and filling
Waterfowl- this includes geese, ducks, and swans At least 29 species of fish, numerous birds and mammals, even the occasional whale and grizzly bear. Plants- Tule, Folk Lore (hemp) but is not a cannabis, and Arroyo Willow
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lack of Federal recognition of the various Tribes still active in California elimination of plant-gathering sites by development lack of access to gathering sites that still exist spraying of herbicides and pesticides in gathering areas replacement of native baskets by metal and plastic ones of modern day. demands of family life and the struggle to make a living has led the Indians away from traditional crafts
Ancient know-how passed from generation to generation by gathering and hunting in the same areas where ancestors did Slash and burn old marshes to encourage new growth, easier access to food, reduced incidence of natural fires.
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Restored wetland in the Yolo Bypass Wildlife Area (Dave Feliz, DFG)
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References
Ohlone Cultural Revival in San Francisco. (n.d.). World Arts West. Retrieved September 10, 2012, from http://worldartswest.org/main/ohlone.asp Tribal History- Recognition Process. (n.d.). Muwekma Ohlone Tribe of the San Francisco Bay Area. Retrieved September 10, 2012, from http://www.muwekma.org/tribalhistory/recognitionprocess.html Jennings, C. (n.d.). After hundreds of years, Ohlone Indians return home to Bay Area | abc7news.com. ABC Owned Television Stations. Retrieved September 14, 2012, from http://abclocal.go.com/kgo/story?section=news/assignment_7&id=8157214 Pritzker, Barry M. (2012). Costanoan. In The American Mosaic: The American Indian Experience. Retrieved September 19, 2012, from http://americanindian2.abcclio.com.libaccess.sjlibrary.org/ Baylands Ecosystem Habitat Goals Report. (n.d.). Bay Area Ecosystems Climate Change Consortium (BAECCC. Retrieved September 14, 2012, from http://baeccc.org/ tzinflas. (n.d.). Makin the Tule Boat. Ohlone Profiles. Retrieved September 14, 2012, from http://ohloneprofiles.org/ Field, L., Leventhal, A., Sanchez, D., & Cambra, R. (1992). A Contemporary Ohlone Tribal Revitalization Movement: A Perspective from the Muwekma Costanoan/Ohlone Indians of the San Francisco Bay Area. California History, 71(3), 412-431.
References
Galvan, P. (1968). People of the West: The Ohlone Story. Indian Historian, 1(2), 9-13. Johnson, K. L. (1997). The Ohlone, Past and Present: Native Americans of the San Francisco Bay Region. Ethnohistory, 44(3), 588-590. Kaufman, D. (2008). Rumsen Ohlone Folklore: Two Tales. Journal of Folklore Research, 45(3), 383-391. Ramirez, L. (2011). Festival of Storytelling. News From Native California, 25(1), 16-18. Solano, I., Lothrop, G., & Villanueva Guerrero, S. (1993). Reminiscences of a Princess: Isadora Solano. Californians, 11(3), 24-28. Skowronek, R. K. (1998). Sifting the Evidence: Perceptions of Life at the Ohlone (Costanoan) Missions of Alta California. Ethnohistory, 45(4), 675. Wildesen, L. E. (1969). The Notes of an Archaeologist: Ohlone Indian Prehistory. Indian Historian, 2(1), 25-28. Harper, D. (February 11, 2010). Tale of Creation [Blog Post]. Retrieved from http://www.danielharper.org/blog/?p=6348. Ohlone Languages. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved October 20, 2012, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costanoan_languages