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Section B
Bahagian B

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[40 marks]
[40 markah]

Answer any two questions from this section.

Jawab mana-mana dua soalan daripada bahagian ini.

Diagram 6.1 shows a human digestive system.

[ Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan sistem pencernaan manusia ]

Fried food P
Makanan bergoreng P

Q
Diagram 6.1 (a)
RAJAH 6.1

Explain how fried food P is digested in the digestive system. [Terangkan bagaimana makanan bergoreng P dicernakan di dalam sistem pencernaan itu ] [ 5 marks ] Diagram 6.2 shows a structure found in Q.
[ Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan satu struktur yang terdapat dalam Q.]

Diagram 6.2
Rajah 6.2

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State the characteristics of the structure for the absorption of the digested food of P.
[ Nyatakan ciri-ciri struktur itu untuk penyerapan makanan P yang telah tercerna]

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(b)

[ 2 marks ] (c) Diagram 6.3 shows a part of the digestive system and the organs related to digestion.
[ Rajah 6.3 menunjukkan sebahagian sistem pencernaan dan organ-organ yang berkaitan dengan proses
pencernaan

Diagram 6.3
Rajah 6.3

(i) Explain the effect of malfunction of organ S and organ R to the digestion of food P.
[Terangkan kesan kegagalan fungsi organ S dan organ R ke atas pencernaan makanan P ]

[ 4 marks ] (ii) Explain how organ R helps in the assimilation of the following digested food
[ Terangkan bagaimana organ R membantu dalam asimilasi makanan tercerna berikut ]

(a) glucose
Glukosa

(b) amino acid Asid amino [ 4 marks ]

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Diagram 6.4 shows the daily menu taken by a teenage boy aged 15 .
[ Rajah 6.4 menunjukkan menu harian yang diambil oleh seorang remaja lelaki berumur 15 tahun ] Carbonated drink [Minuman bergas] Oil [Minyak] Banana Pisang

Cheese [keju]

Vegetable [Sayur] Meat [Daging]

Diagram 6.4
Rajah 6.4

(d)

Explain whether the menu is suitable for the boy. Explain the consequences to his health if he continues taking the daily menu for a long time .
[Terangkan sama ada menu itu sesuai bagi budak lelaki tersebut. Terangkan kesan kaetas kesihatanya jika dia terus mengambil menu harian tersebut dalam satu jangka masa yang panjang ]

[ 5 marks]

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27 Sample answer: P1: Reabsorption of water/amino acid/glucose cannot occur. P2: Glucose present in urine. P3: amino acid present in urine P4: Volume of water increase 1 1 1 1

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(c)(ii)

Able to suggest a method to overcome the impaired kidney Answer: Haemodialysis // kidney transplant 1 1

(d)

Able to describe the importance of kidney in osmoregulation Sample answer: F1 : Blood osmotic pressure can be regulated P1 : If blood osmotic pressure increases, P2 : More ADH will be produced P3 : More water will be reabsorbed // P1 : If blood osmotic pressure P2 : decreases more aldosterone will be P3 : Produced to reabsorbed more salt

1 1 1 1
1 1 Any 3 1

3
11

Total

Item No. 6 (a) (i)

Criteria Able to explain the role of digestive system in digestion of food P / Fried banana Criteria 1. Identify the classes of food in fried food P/banana 2. Peristalsis occurring in the any parts of the alimentary canal 3. Digestion of carbohydrates in mouth // ileum with correct enzymes 4. Digestion of fats in duodenum //ileum with correct enzyme 5. Any correct product of carbohydrates//fats Sample answer P1 : Fried banana/food P is rich in carbohydrates/starch and fats ( Physical digestion takes place in the mouth where fried banana are chewed into smaller pieces ) 1 1 1 1 1

Mark

Total Mark

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P3: In the mouth salivary amylase hydrolysed the (pieces of) carbohydrates /starch P5: into Maltose P2 : The food is pushed down the esophagus through peristalsis (In stomach , Food P is not hydrolysed ) P4: Fats is hydrolysed / break down P5: to fatty acids and glycerol by lipase // Lipase Fats +water ( in alkaline medium ) Fatty acids + Glycerol

In ileum , P4 & P5 :( Fats is hydrolyzed / break down into fatty acids and glycerol ) P3 & P5 :Maltose is hydrolysed into glucose // Sucrose is hydrolysed by sucrase to glucose and fructose //Lactose is hydrolysed by lactase to glucose and galactose ( In alkaline medium )

(a) (ii)

Able to state the characteristic of villus in absorption of digested food P correctly Sample answer P1 :Villus has very thin cell wall //one cell thick P2 : surrounded by dense blood capillaries//lacteal P3 : They are many villi (to increases the total surface area per volume) P4 : The Villus is moist/ covered with a thin layer of water Any two 1 1 1 1

b(i)

Able to state the effect of malfunction of organ R/ liver and organ S / Pancreas to the digestion of fried banana Sample answer Malfunction of the liver P1 : Too little / no bile is secreted by the liver P2: Resulting fats is not /hardly emulsified // medium is not alkaline Malfunction of pancreas P3: Too little / no pancreatic juice is secreted 1 1

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P4 : Lipids is not /hardly hydrolysed by Lipase to fatty acids and glycerol 1 P5 : Starch is not / hardly hydrolysed by amylase to maltose 1 Any four

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6(b)ii

Able to explain the assimilation of digested food of glucose and amino acids by organ R / liver Sample answer Glucose Glucose is used (by cells) to produced energy/carry (cellular) respiration. Excess of glucose in the blood is converted to glycogen and stored // excess glucose is stored as glycogen. When glucose level in the blood is low the glycogen is converted into glucose Excess of glycogen is converted into lipids Amino acid Synthesis of plasma protein/ enzymes/ any suitable protein molecule from amino acids Excess amino acids are converted/deaminated into urea (to be excreted) Any four Able to justify and explain if the menu is suitable for a teenage boy Criteria 1. Justify the menu 2. Explanation 3. Consequences Sample answer :

1 1 1 1 1 1 4

(b)

P1 : The Menu is not a balance diet ( not suitable for the boy ) 1 // The Menu does not contain food from 7 food classes in appropriate ratio P2 : It contains too little food rich in carbohydrates , ( it only has banana and carbonated drink ) which does not give enough energy value required by the boy to undergo his daily activity P3 : It contains too little food which is rich in proteins (red meat and cheese ) which is required by the boy for the growth / new cells formation // cells replacement P4 : It contains too little water which is required for biochemical processes // any suitable function of water P5 : It does not contain sufficient vitamins for healthy growth P6 : It contains food highly rich in fats example butter and oil 4551/2

1 1

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which will supply too much energy for the boy , if stored will cause obesity / arteriosclerosis / heart attack/ high blood pressure ( only about one third of bodys energy requirements comes from food rich in fats) But P7 : It has sufficient vegetables and fruit ( banana ) which are rich in fibre /roughage to prevent constipation. P8 : The banana , vegetable provide minerals needed for the development of bones and maintaining health (But the different types of minerals requirement are not sufficient ) Any 3 from P2 to P8 1

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1 3

If the boy keeps taking the above menu his total energy value is not enough // energy needed is less than energy taken Bad effects to the boy May have malnutrition diseases (I ) Rickets , lack of vitamin D (ii ) Beri beri , lack of vitamin B (iii) Scurvy , lack of vitamin C (iv ) Kwashiorkor, lack of protein (v ) Cretinism ,lack of iodine// any suitable health problems (vii ) Diabetic Any one bad effect

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