kumar (kk24268) HW01 - Thermo 1 mccord (51580) This print-out should have 10 questions.

ns. Multiple-choice questions may continue on the next column or page nd all choices before answering. 001 10.0 points Which of the following is true of a general thermodynamic state function? 1. The change of the value of a state function is independent of the path of a process. correct 2. The change in the value of the state function is always positive for endothermic processes. 3. The change in the value of a state function is always negative for a spontaneous reaction. 4. The value of the state function remains constant. 5. The value of a state function does NOT change with a change in temperature of a process. Explanation: A change in a state function describes a dierence between the two states. It is independent of the process or pathway by which the change occurs. 002 10.0 points An isolated system can only exchange energy with the surroundings. 1. True 2. False correct Explanation: An isolated system cannot exchange energy nor matter with the surroundings. 003 10.0 points An endothermic reaction corresponds to one in which

1. change in energy is positive; heat is evolved. 2. change in energy is negative; heat is evolved. 3. change in energy is positive; heat is absorbed. correct 4. change in energy is negative; heat is absorbed. Explanation: Endothermic reactions require energy to ow from the surroundings into the system. In other words, heat is absorbed by the system. H, or the change in energy, is positive for endothermic reactions since the amount of energy in the system increased. 004 10.0 points Consider the reaction 2 H2(g) + O2 (g) 2 H2O(g) at constant pressure. Which response is true for the reaction? 1. Work may be done on or by the system as the reaction occurs, depending upon the temperature. 2. Work is done by the system as it occurs. 3. No work is done as the reaction occurs. 4. Work is done on the system as it occurs. correct Explanation: ni = 3 mol gas For P = const, nf = 2 mol gas

w = P V = (n) R T , n = nf ni = 1 . Therefore w will be positive. When w is positive, work is done on the system, and progresses as the reaction progresses. 005 10.0 points

kumar (kk24268) HW01 - Thermo 1 mccord (51580) A chemical reaction takes place in a container of cross-sectional area 100 cm2 . As a result of the reaction, a piston is pushed out through 23 cm against an external pressure of 573 torr. What is the value for w for this reaction? (Sign does matter.) Correct answer: 176 J. Explanation: 006 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points A gas sample in a piston assembly expands, doing 540 kJ of work on its surroundings at the same time that 384 kJ heat is added to the gas. What is the change in internal energy of the gas during this process? Correct answer: 156 kJ. Explanation: The change in internal energy U is given simply by summing the two energy terms involved in this process. We must be careful, however, that the signs on the energy changes are appropriate; in this case, internal energy will be added to the gas sample by heating (so q is positive), but the gas does work on its surroundings as it expands (so w is negative): w = 540 kJ q = 384 kJ U = q +w = 384 kJ + (540 kJ) = 156 kJ . 007 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points Will the pressure of the gas be higher or lower when these changes are completed? 1. lower correct 2. higher Explanation: If the heat added had exactly matched the amount of energy lost due to the work of the gas (i.e., if q had been equal but opposite in sign to w), then U would have been 0 and the temperature of the gas would not have changed. Because less heat was added, however, and the gas was allowed to expand

further, the temperature of the gas would have had to decrease, and consequently the pressure of the gas would be lower at the end. 008 10.0 points A 100 W electric heater (1 W = 1 J/s) operates for 8 min to heat the gas in a cylinder. At the same time, the gas expands from 1 L to 10 L against a constant atmospheric pressure of 4.162 atm. What is the change in internal energy of the gas? Correct answer: 44.2046 kJ. Explanation: Pext = 4.162 atm Vini = 1 L 1 L atm = 101.325 J Vnal = 10 L If the heater operates as rated, then the total amount of heat transferred to the cylinder will be q = (100 J/s) (8 min) (60 s/min) = 48000 J = 48 kJ Work will be given by w = Pext V in this case because it is an expansion against a constant opposing pressure: w = (4.162 atm) (10 L 1 L) = 37.458 L atm Convert to kilojoules (kJ) w = (37.458 L atm)(101.325J/L atm) = 3795.43 J = 3.79543 kJ The internal energy change is U = q + w = 48 kJ + (3.79543 kJ) = 44.2046 kJ 009 10.0 points A piece of metal of mass 20 g at 109 C is placed in a calorimeter containing 41.7 g of water at 22 C. The nal temperature of the mixture is 55 C. What is the specic heat

kumar (kk24268) HW01 - Thermo 1 mccord (51580) capacity of the metal? Assume that there is no energy lost to the surroundings. Correct answer: 5.33111 Explanation: mmetal = 20 g TH2 O = 22 C Tmetal = 109 C J . g C mH2 O = 41.7 g Tnal = 55 C J CH2 O = 4.184 g C

qlost metal = qgained water mm Cm Tm = mH2 O CH2 O TH2 O mH2 O CH2 O (Tnal TH2 O ) Cmetal = mmetal (Tnal Tmetal ) (41.7 g) 4.184 = (20 g) (55 C (55 C 22 C) J = 5.33111 . g C
J g C 109 C)

010 10.0 points When 0.473 g of compound X is burned completely in a bomb calorimeter containing 3000 g of water, a temperature rise of 0.222 C is observed. What is Urxn for the combustion of compound X? The hardware component of the calorimeter has a heat capacity of 3.38 kJ/ C. The specic heat of water is 4.184 J/g C, and the MW of X is 56.0 g/mol. Correct answer: 418.746 kJ/mol. Explanation: mX = 0.473 g mwater = 3000 g Cs = 4.184 J/g C MWX = 56.0 g/mol T = 0.222 C HC = 3.38 kJ/ C

qcal = qwater + qhardware qcal = Cs mwater T + Chardware T Then divide the heat by the number of moles, which is mass/MW. Also remember that because the temperature increased in the calorimeter, the reaction must be exothermic and the value of q (and therefore E) is negative. qrxn = qcal