Kent Bress Director Aeronautics and Cross Agency Support Division Office of International and Interagency Relations NASA

Headquarters Washington, DC March 5, 2013

www.nasa.gov

Agenda
What is Public Diplomacy? How Does NASA Cooperate Internationally?
Overview Guidelines

What is NASAs Role in Public Diplomacy and How has it Changed Over Time?
Government to Government Cooperation International S&T Organizations International Education Outreach Social Media

Summary

What is Public Diplomacy?

Term coined in the 1960s by Edmund Guillon, dean of Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts

Public diplomacy
deals with the influence of public attitudes on the formation and execution of foreign policies effectively communicating with publics around the globe - to understand, value and even emulate America's vision and ideas (Jill A. Schuker, former Senior Director for Public Affairs at the National Security Council, July 2004)
Bhopal, India International Observe the Moon Night, 2011

How does NASA Cooperate Internationally?

Foreign policy objectives, public diplomacy and international cooperation has been part of NASA since its inception
NASA was created to address the challenge from the Soviet Union. The Apollo Program captured the worlds imagination and required international cooperation Directed by the 1958 National Aeronautics and Space Act

NASA will cooperate with other nations Disseminate information as broadly as practicable

Goal of the 2010 National Space Policy: Expand international cooperation on mutually beneficial space activities to: broaden and extend the benefits of space; further the peaceful use of space; and enhance collection and partnership in sharing of space-derived information

Current international cooperation:

Nearly 600 active international agreements 8 partners account for 50% of the agreements (France, Germany, ESA, Japan, UK, Italy, Canada, Russia) By mission area: 2/3 are in science missions By region: 1/2 are with partners in Europe

Guidelines for International Cooperation

No exchange of funds Consistent with U.S. law and foreign policy objectives International partners are generally government agencies Projects/Partnerships:

Must have scientific and technical merit

Must benefit NASA missions Meet at the interface, i.e., no joint development, limit technology transfer Have clear managerial and technical interfaces

Documented in written, binding agreements, closely coordinated with the U.S. Department of State and other U.S. Government agencies

NASAs International cooperation is typically done government to government via formal international agreements

What is NASAs Role in Public Diplomacy?

Government to Government Cooperation

NASA had traditionally focused its international cooperation on advancing its program or mission goals, i.e. that is working with government-funded partners to obtain instruments, hardware or capabilities to help NASA accomplish its mission.

Many NASA programs that start out filling a mission requirement also aid in diplomatic relations, and eventually play a role in public diplomacy.

NASA cooperated with Russia even during the Cold War, and the Shuttle-Mir Program was a cornerstone of US/Russian S&T cooperation after it ended. Today, the International Space Station partnership relies on Russia for crew transport.
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Government to Government Cooperation: Top Partners The International Space Station (large multinational program
15 Countries, 5 Space Agencies 63 Astronauts from 15 Countries on 87 Shuttle missions

Mars Curiosity Rover (bilateral, instrument-level cooperation)

Russia: Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons (DAN) Investigation Canada: Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS) Spain: Remote Environmental Monitoring Station (REMS) and High-gain Antenna Hardware France: Significant contributions to the Chemistry and Micro-Imaging (ChemCam) and Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) Instrument Suites Germany: Contributions to the Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD)

Government to Government Cooperation: Other Partners

Space mission cooperation

India Chandrayaan lunar mission Argentina Aquarius/SAC-D mission Mexico, Saudi Arabia, Ukraine and Israel Space Shuttle (experiments and astronauts)

Ground based networks

Aerosol Robotic Network, AERONET (88 countries) SERVIR: Central America, East Africa, Himalaya region (~35 countries) Space Geodetic Network (19 countries)

NASA Participation in International S&T Organizations

NASA experts lead in their fields by participating in multilateral forums Examples:
Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS)

Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS)

Interagency Operations Advisory Group (IOAG) Interagency Space Debris Coordination Committee (IADC) International Astronautical Federation (IAF) International Committee on GNSS (ICG)

International Forum for Aviation Research (IFAR)

International Living With a Star (ILWS) International Lunar Exploration Working Group (ILEWG) International Mars Exploration Working Group (IMEWG) International Ocean Color Coordinating Group (IOCCG) International Space Exploration Coordination Group (ISECG) Space Frequency Coordination Group (SFCG)
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International Education
NASAs education program is focused on U.S. education, but reaches to almost every corner of the globe Examples of International Education Cooperation
Amateur Radio on the International Space Station (ARISS) Digital Learning Network (DLN) Earth Knowledge Acquired by Middle School Students (EarthKAM) GLOBE (Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment) Great Moonbuggy Race Humans in Space Youth Art Contest International Observe the Moon Night ISSLive! Lunabotics Mining Competition Mission X Train Like an Astronaut Mars Student Imaging Program (MSIP) Planetary Science Summer School RASC-AL Lunar Wheel Design Challenge SCool Project Scientist for a Day Essay Contest Spaceward Bound Systems Engineering Award Zooniverse

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International Outreach
NASAs outreach program is U.S. focused To reach U.S. audiences, some of NASAs most successful outreach activities happen to be with international companies
Angry Birds with Rovio (Finland) LEGO (Denmark)

John Nurminen Events (The Netherlands)

Mad Science (Canada)

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Social Media
NASA inspires widespread interest among the public NASA is second only to the White House in Twitter following among U.S. government agencies NASA on Twitter: 3.5 million followers
480 other twitter accounts including astronauts from ISS and NASA Deputy Administrator Regular updates from Mars

White House CDC FCC NSF NIH USDA USGS EPA

NASA Edu NOAA

Note: DOE, US Park Service, DARPA, PTO and NIST have <100,00 followers

Week of Curiosity landing on Mars almost 375,000 tweets!

Summary: NASA International Cooperation

NASAs history and the nature and scope of its activities have given it a unique role in U.S. public diplomacy. From the beginning, partnerships have been a matter of both strategic choice and practical necessity. While NASA is a mission-driven, science and technology-focused agency, its international cooperation has both been directed from above to meet national objectives, and grown up from the grass roots. Traditional cooperation flying instruments on each others spacecraft captures only part of what NASA does internationally NASA communicates with diverse sections of the international public, from experts to students to ordinary people, to help them understand, value and even emulate our vision and ideas

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