Complete Spoken English

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INTRODUCTION
According to their use in a sentence, all the words in English are divided into eight
parts. They are called Parts of Speech.
XH "H= Jq K xx |\, WOw+x ^=x 8 Q=Q

qlO|_#q. g\< Parts of Speech JO^~. Jq
1. Noun
2. Pronoun
3. Verb
4. Adjective
5. Adverb
6. Preposition
7. Conjunction
8. Interjection
English + D q^=Q 8 Q=#\H

, g@xO\ Verb K =Y"#k.
WOw+ Verb O_ =#O "HO K=.
i J~=` XH "H= KC@ i# 'Verb Form' LyOK=#. H#H

=O^Q Verb QiOz `HO^=.
What is a Verb?
A Verb is a word used to denote an action, a state or a possession.
(Doing
Being
Having)
(K@
LO_@
HeyO_@)
=#= ZC_ U^ XH x KKO^=.
=#= K ## QiOz W`~ zOKKO^=. =#= K
## zOK =@# English Grammar "Verb' JO^~. W@=O\ Verbs
WOw+ + K L#q.
=#= `Q KC u xx zOK =@ WOw+ J#"^ ^=#k.
L^~} :
'"@ Jx KC@ 'go'
'KK@ Jx KC@ 'see'
'u#@ Jx KC@ 'eat'
'K^=@ Jx KC@ 'read'
'P_@ Jx KC@ 'play'
D q^=Q =#= U xx QiOz K =###, WOw+ ^xH i #
J#"^ ^= LO_#.
WH_ =#= XH =Y"# q+= Q=xOK=#. XH xx zOK =@#
Verb JO^~ Jx KC Hx<= H^! WOw+
u
Verb =_ ~=O_#.
g\< 'Conjugative Forms' JO^~.
D =_ ~=# Grammar Present Form, Past Form =i Past Participle
JO^~.
1
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Hx Spoken English H O|OkOz#O`=~ D =_ ~=# =Q

QiOK@ gQ, g\x =~Q "^\ ^xx I Form Jx, ~O_= ^xx II Form
Jx, =_= ^xx III Form Jx KCH#=K#.
D Course x u Chapter u K@ D I, II, III Forms Q= [~QK<
O_#. H#H Verb Q =_ ~=# QQ J~O KH#=#.
J#Q Verb H "^\ ~=.

II Form J#Q Verb H ~O_= ~=.
III Form J#Q Verb H =_= ~=.
I Form
L^~} :
I Form
go
see
eat
buy
do
give
II Form
went
saw
ate
bought
did
gave
III Form
gone
seen
eaten
bought
done
given
D q^=Q WOw+ x
u
Verb =_ ~=O_#. Jx Verb H 3
~= =# èO_H=K. g\ ~=# H==Q practice ^~
<~H#=K#.
Verb H I Form, II Form, III Form =# Confusion L#_ D notes
follow JQ@ H+=Q LO_#. JO^=# =O^Q J "Verb' J#Q Uq\? ^xH
Zx~=O_#? U ~=# U=O^~? J# q+= iQ J~=Q#@
`H#=#. Verb J#Q Uq\ èHx, Verb H I, II, III forms `Hx#
`~ "` U form # ZC_, UqÔQ L
yOK=< rule `Hx, practice K
@
H+= H^. K =Q Verb H i # ~ = # "H =
LyOK=K#.
INTRODUCTION
=~ XHi Q J~= Q#@ K^= O_.
WO`=~ =#= Uq <~<=?

J
J
J
J
Parts of Speech JxO\ Verb K =Y"#k.

XH xx zOK =@# Verb JO^~.
WOw+x u Verb =_ ~=O_#.
D =_ ~= =~Q I Form, II Form, III Form JO^~
WC_ Verb H
I Form U q^=Q L
yOK=# ?
II Form U q^=Q L
yOK=#?
III Form U q^=Q L
yOK=# ?
XHH ^xx QiOz q=~OQ <~HO^=.

2
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REGULAR ACTION - POSITIVE FORM

=#= ~Q~Q Hx # , J"@Q Hx # KKO^=. =#
J"@#, =#= ~Q~Q K ## W`~ zOKKO^=.
J
J
J
<# u ~A library H "`#.

= father u < camp "`~.
"~ u < meeting H [~ J=`~.
J
J
J
"= u OÒ cricket practise K=.

P" u #= HO@Ok.
= brother K hard work K_ .
"H= XH~ ~Q~Q H J"@Q K ## zOKK#q.
D q^=Q u ~A, u "~O, u <, u O=`~O, ZC _, `~K

Q, ^~}OQ
^ ^,=~ =~ ~Q~ Q H J"@Q K XH xx zOK@
" I form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note :
"H=x subject 'He' 'She' 'It' (III Person, Singular Number) J~#C_ Verb
's' Qx 'es' Qx, 'ies' Qx K~=#.
EXAMPLES
1. <# u LÔ
Hindu K^=`#.
I read the Hindu every morning.
"= u Pk"~O special class H
attend J=`=.
We attend the special class every
Sunday.
= brother ## studies Q
2.
3.
4.
7. <# u LÔ walk H "#.

I go for a walk every morning.
8. "= u Pk"~O test " =.
My brother encourages me well in my

studies.
= father < u < money O
9. = English lecturer K Q
K~ .
My father sends me money every

month.
P"
u
O=`~O birthday [~
O@Ok.
She celebrates her birthday every year.

3
They visit Tirumala in January every

year.
`_ .
`~.
5.
6. "~
u
O=`~O [#=i u~=
Oî~ .
We write a test every Sunday.

teach
Our English lecturer teaches us very

well.
10. = mother u x "~ O L " O

=O@Ok.
My mother fasts every Saturday.
11. "~
u
O=`~O =i income tax
Ke ~ .
They pay income tax in March every
year.
12. "*Q `~KQ =~O _Òk.

It often rains in Vizag.
EXERCISE
D "H= English xH translate K O_.

1.
2.
3.
13. <#
u
~A P
H | "` #.
I go to office by bus every day.
14.
4.
Irfan Pathan K fast Q bowl K_ .

Irfan Pathan bowls very fast.
15. = x ZC _ English
=\_ `~.
5.
6.
Our Principal always speaks English.
16. H$ ZH
XOQH L^ O 10 QOII
10 xII =Ok.
The Krishna Express arrives in Ongole
at 10.10 a.m.
17. J`_ `~KQ `#

KO\_.
friends
help
He often helps his friends.
7.
8.
9.
10.
18. = Physics lecturer

u
lesson H notes
dictate K~ .
11.
Our Physics lecturer dictates notes for

every lesson .
12.
19. H=< H"_ scenes Q act

K_ .
13.
Kamal Hassan acts well in comedy

scenes.
20. N KO^

| `~K
Q s <`
KiO\~.
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14.
15.
<# u ~A diary " #.

"= u Pk"~O match P_`=.
= father < ` ~ K Q advise
KO\~.
= brother ZC _ class first rank
O^Ò\_.
P" north Indian dishes Q `~
KOk.
"~ u O=`~O Hl tour
x~~ .
Trains `~KQ late Q #_O\~.
<# u Pk"~O = native place H
"`#.
"= u q+O = father `
discuss K=.
= sister ZC_ #= K^=
Ò@Ok.
J` _ u important point note
KO\_.
N "* ~ Z =Q On

O y~ .
= P~ =Oz dignity maintain
K~ .
P" guests x Q treat KOk.
<# u ~A 9 p.m. H ETV "~
K#.
Sri Chandra Babu often discusses

with the party leaders.
Practice makes man perfect.
Z
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NEGATIVE FORM
=#= Hx # J"@H, g_H J K =. XHHi =#=
W`~` =\_K#C_ XH~ J"@H J\H Kx XH xx QiOz
zOKKO^=.
<# J H `Q#.
J`_ J Z=i=\ q#_.
"~ J taxes KeOK~.
J
J
J
J
J
J
"= J money JCK=.

P" J birth day [~H#^.
J`_ J Z=ih #=_.
"H= J Z\H Kx ## zOKK#q.
D q^=Q J"@H Qx, g_H Qh, W+= H Qh =#= H "~H~ J \H

Kx XH xx zOK@
"Donot / Doesnot + I form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=
'I', 'We', 'You', 'They' subject Q
=#_ 'do not' =K#.

'He', 'She', 'It' - subject Q L#C_ 'does not' =K#.
EXAMPLES
7. <# J \.q. `Q i
K_#.
<# J #= K^=#.
1.
I donot read novels at all.
2. "= J
work neglect
K=.
We donot neglect our work at all.
3. = brother J hard work K_.

My brother doesnot work hard.
4. P" J Z=i` =\_^.

She does not talk to anybody.
5. "~ J rules strict Q \OK~ .

They donot follow rules strictly.
6.
Tamil Nadu Express Ongole station
PQ^.
The Tamil Nad Express does not stop
in Ongole station.
5
I donot watch Telugu serials on

T.V. at all.
8. J`_ J Z=ih care K_.

He doesnot care anybody.
9. P" J functions H attend J=^.

She doesnot attend functions at all.
10. "~ Pk"~O shop open K~.

They donot open the shop on Sunday.
11. < # J
fH#.
non-vegetarian items
I donot take non-veg. items at all.
12. J`_ J Z=iH help K_.

He does not help anybody at all.
13. "~ J =# O_Q [~~.

They donot celebrate our festivals
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EXERCISE

1. <# J Hindi movies K_#.
2. "= J Sunday work K=.
at all.
14. <# J W`~ q+O *HO

KH#.
3. P" J
K^.
guest
# iQ
treat
I donot interefere in others matter.
4. J`_ J friends ` move J=_.

15. = officer J
K~.
dignity maintain
5. "~ J programmes #~.
Our officer doesnot maintain dignity

at all.
16. "~ J money ^ K~.

They donot save money at all.
17. =
Chemistry lecturer
dictate
6. J`_ ~Q~Q office H ~_.

7. <# J smoke K#.
8. "= J guides follow J==.
notes
K~.
9. J`_ J
K_.
juniors
encourage
Our Chemistry lecturer doesnot
10. J`_ J ^=x #=_.
dictate notes at all.
18. P" J |

}O K ^.
She doesnot travel by bus at all.
19. = principal J `Q =\_~.

Our Principal doesnot speakTelugu at
all.
20. P" J modern dress îOK^ .

She does not wear modern dress at
all.
11. "~ regular Q rent pay K~.

12. J`_ J x~`__
.
13. = brother J work concentrate
K_.
14. "~ J == JC W=~.
15. "= J time waste K=.
Z
A rolling stone gathers no mass.
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QUESTION FORM
XHHi =#= XH~ ~Q~Q H J"@Q K XH xx QiOz
tOKKO^=.
J
J
h= u~A news paper K^=`"?

g brother h u < money O`~?
J
J
g~ u Pk"~O KiH "`~?

"~ u s g O K O \~?
"H= XH~ ~Q~Q H J"@Q K ## QiOz OK@#

zOKK#q.
D q^=Q =#= Qx, "~H~ Qx ~ Q~Q, J"@Q, ^ ^, =~ =~ u ~A,

u "~O, u <, u O=`~O, ZC _, `~K
Q, K XH xx t OK@
''''Do / Does + I form of the Verb LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=
I, We, You, They - subject Q
He, She,
L#C_ 'Do
It - subject Q =#C_ 'Does LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
h= u LÔ
1.
walking
H "`"?
7.
Do you go for a walk every morning?

2.
Does your aunt treat the guests well?
mostly?
father L.I.C.
xKO\~?
G.T. Express Ongole
8.
"~ u O=`~O
[~`~?
Pratidhwani on E-T.V. every Sunday?

9.
g brother x# studies encourage

KO\_ ?
Do they celebrate the Annual Day
Does your brother encourage you in
every year?
your studies ?
P" g
6.
Annual Day
g~ u Pk"~O E-TV u
^x
programme K~?
Do you watch the programme
PQÒ^?
Does the G.T. Express stop in Ongole?

5.
Hindi teach
KO@O^?
Does she teach you Hindi?
10.
g~ u"~O school test " ~?

Do you write a test in the school every
week?
Z =Q
Do you read English magazines
Does your father work in the L.I.C.?

4.
magazines
g aunt guests # Q treat K~?

g
3.
h= English
K^=`"?
EXERCISE
'Wh' QUESTIONS
11.
12.
g~
u
~A OÒ H H \ ZH_
practise K~ ?
Where do you practise cricket every

evening?
1. h= ~ Q ~ Q O^ ~
K^=`" ?
2. g~ college games practise
KO\~ ?
3. g brother U.S.A. x=tO\~ ?
4. P" z# z# H^ "O@O^ ?
5. "~
u
O=`~O income tax pay
KO\~ ?
6. g Principal Z C _ English <
=\_`~ ?
7. H=< On x= _
#\O\_?
8. WH_ `~KQ =~O _Ò@O^ ?
9. g college English Z=~ teach
KO\~ ?
10. WO_< H
H \ \" h= Z=ix like
K=?
11. h= ^~}OQ U dictionary refer
KO\=?
12. < H x express XOQH Z C _
=Ok?
13. ZO^ J`_ ZC_ time waste
KO\_?
14. g~ D house H < ZO` rent pay
KO\~?
15. XH one-day match XH bowler
^~}OQ Zx overs bowl
KO\_?
h= ^~}OQ ZC_ x^ = ?
When do you usually wake up ?
13.
g father u<
"`~ ?
Hyderabad
ZO^
Why does your father go to Hyderabad

every month ?
14. Mrs. Malathi
g U
subject teach
K~ ?
Which subject does Mrs. Malathi teach
you ?
15.
h= u ~A college H Z "`= ?
How do you go to college everyday ?
16.
g father h < ZO`

O`~ ?
money
Howmuch money does your father

send you every month ?
17.
g~ P ~AH Zx Q O @
xK~ ?
Howmany hours do you work in your
office everyday ?
18.
g business Z=~ KO\~ ?

Who looks after your business ?
19.
u ~A L^ O h= Uq
fO\= ?
What do you take every morning ?
20.
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g elder brother ZH_ xK O \_?

Where does your elder brother
work ?
Honesty is the best policy.
Z
8
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NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM

XHHi =#= XH~ J"@H ~ Q~Q J
\H K x XH xx QiOz
negative sense tOKKO^=.
J
J
h= J Hindi movies K_" ?

J`_ J Z=ih care K_ ?
J
J
g~ J H[ games P_~ ?
P" J Z=i`# =\_^ ?
"H= XH~ ~Q~Q H J"@Q Kx ## tOK@#

zOKK#q.
D q^=Q =#=Qx, "~H~Qx J"@ HQh, W+OHQh, g_HQh

J\HKx XH xx QiOz negative sense tOK@# zOK@
"Don't /Doesn't + I form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note :
"H=x
Subject -
J~#C_ 'Don't'
J~#C_ 'Doesn't' =K#.
I, We, You, They

He, She, It
EXAMPLES
1. h= J #= K^=" ?
6. "~ J =# O_Q [~~ ?
Don't you read novels at all ?
Don't they celebrate our festivals at all?
2. g~ Sunday classes H attend J=~?
7. h= J cotten shirts îOK" ?
Don't you attend classes on Sundays?
Don't you wear cotten shirts at all ?
3. J`_ J Z=iH help K_ ?

Doesn't he help others at all ?
4. P" J WO\ #O_ |@ ~^?

Doesn't she come out of the house ?
5.
G.T. Express p~
PQ^ ?
Doesn't the G.T. Express stop in

Chirala?
8. h= J ^=x #=" ?
Don't you believe in God ?
9. D camera x K^ ?
Doesn't this camera function ?
10. g~ J non-veg. food fH~ ?

Don't you take non-veg. food at all ?
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EXERCISE
'Wh' QUESTIONS
11. h= ZO^ H+
_
xK = ?
Why don't you work hard ?
1.
h= J sweet like K" ?
2.
g~ J English =\_~ ?
3.
J`_ J H+
_
xK _ ?
4.
P" J friends W "^ ?
Why doesn't he concentrate on

studies ?
5.
"~ J taxes pay K~ ?
15. P" ZO^ Z=i`# =\_^?
6.
D H Z=ih H~=^ ?
7.
J`_ Z=i =\ q#_ ?
8.
h= J U q+= \OKH"?
9.
g father x# Ug J#~ ?
12. g~ ZO^ games practise K ~?

Why don't you practise games ?
13. h= ZO^ early Q x^ == ?

Why don't you wake up early in the
morning ?
14. J`_ ZO^ studies

^
K_ ?
Why doesn't she speak to others ?
16. J`_ ZO^

attend H_ ?
regular
duty
Why doesn't he attend the duty

regularly ?
17. h= u < ZO^

K= ?
money save
10. h= J fountain pen use K"?
Why don't you save money every

month ?
18. h= job HO ZO^ serious Q try

K= ?
Why don't you try for a job seriously ?
19. D "H ZO^ _=Q ~Q^ ?

Why doesn't this plant grow tall ?
20. h= ZO^ J Z=i`

K= ?
friends
Why don't you make friends with

others ?
11. h= P~QO ZO^ care fH= ?

12. ## J~O KH<O^ ZO^ try
K= ?
13. g~O^ J`xx #=~ ?
14. "~ J ZO^ rules \OK~ ?
15. #H` Q ZO^ H#|_= ?
Fortune favours the bold.
Z
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REVISION
What have we learnt today ?
=#= D ~A Uq <~<= ?
D~A =#= =# Spoken English Course 'I form of the verb' QiOz
<~<=. nxx grammar Simple Present Tense JO\~. nx 1. Positive Form
2. Negative Form 3. Question Form 4. Negative Question Form J# 4 parts <~ <=.
D 4 parts XHi revise KO^=.
1.
POSITIVE FORM :
=#= ~ Q ~ Q , J"@Q, ^ ^ K XH x x zOK @

The First form of the Verb LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. I take coffee every morning.
2. My father sends me money every month.
3. They work hard.

2.
4. My brother always reads books.
NEGATIVE FORM :
=#= J"@H, g_H, W+OH J Z\H Kx XH xx

zOK@ "donot / doesnot + I form of the verb" LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. I don't smoke at all.
2. My father doesn't tolerate indiscipline.
3. They do not neglect work at all.

3.
4. She doesn't see movies.
QUESTION FORM :
=#= ~Q~ Q, J"@Q, ^^ K XH xx QiOz W`~#

tOK@# zOK@ "Do/Does + I form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. Do you wake up early in the morning ? 2. Does she paint pictures ?

3. Do they conduct tests every week ?
4.
4. Does he ofen go to Vizag ?
NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM :
=#= J"@ H, ~Q~Q Kx XH xx QiOz negative sense

t O K @# zOK @ "Don't / Doesn't + I form of the Verb"
LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. Don't you ride a bike ?
2.Doesn't she go to movies at all ?
3. Don't they come to your house at all ?
11
4.
Doesn't she cook well ?
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D ~A Hx verbs, "\ H three forms <~OÔ.

I Form
II Form
III Form
1.
Begin
began
begun
2.
Break
broke
broken
3.
Bring
brought
brought
4.
Build
built
built
5.
Buy
bought
bought
6.
Catch
caught
caught
7.
Chide
chid
chidden
8.
Choose
chose
chosen
9.
Come
came
come
10
Creep
crept
crept
11.
Deal
dealt
dealt
12.
Draw
drew
drawn
13.
Dream
dreamt
dreamt
14.
Drink
drank
drunk
15.
Drive
drove
driven
16.
Eat
ate
eaten
17.
Fall
fell
fallen
18.
Feel
felt
felt
19.
Fight
fought
fought
20.
Find
found
found
Meaning
P~OaOK@
QQ@@
`K@
xiOK@
H#@
JO^H#@
p"@ @@
Z#H#@
=K@
@
x~OK@
w@, Q@
HQ#@
`Q@
#_@
u#@
_@
J#u O^@
~_@
H#Q#@
D ~A Spoken English lesson x Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,

Negative Question Form Q <~ <~ H^! Z@=O\ confusion O_ =~ XHi
D 4 parts K^= O_! g~ own Q Hx "H practise K O_.
Z
12
There is no success without hardship.
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PAST ACTION
XHHi =#= QÒ x XH == #O^ i K#
XH xx QiOz
zOK KO^=. J#Q P x =#= =\_ K# ==# i J~#k.
J
J
"= last Sunday XH Hindi movie K=. J <# x# sH A KeOK#.

"~ last year <~ H shift J~<~.
J
<# x# train miss J~<#.
"H= QÒx XH ==#O^ i K# ## zOKK#q.
D q^=Q QÒ x XH Yz`" # == #O^ J#Q x#, Q` "~O, Q` <, Q`

O=`~O H QÒ x =i W`~ == #O^# # =#= H "~H~ i K# XH
xx QiOz zOK@
"II form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Note :
"H=x
Subject - Singular, Plural U^## 'Verb H II form' =K#.
EXAMPLES
1. <# x# = father H letter "#.
I wrote a letter to my father yesterday.
2. "= last week exhibition K=.

We saw the exhibition last week.
3. = brother last month Delhi "_.

My brother went to Delhi last month.
4. P" last year M.A. pass J~#k.

She passed M.A. last year.
5. x# <~ sQ =~O _#k.

It rained heavily in Nellore yesterday.
6. "~ lastmonth P W Mm K~.

They vacated that house last month.
13
7. x# <Hx ZH
XH QO@
=z#k.
late
The Pinakini Express arrived one hour

late yesterday.
8. N Z<.\. ~=~= 1983 `Q

Ô s U~@ K~.
Sri N.T.Rama Rao formed the Telugu
Desam Party in 1983.
9. N=u WOk~ QOn 1984 Kx

~.
Smt. Indira Gandhi died in 1984.
10. <# x# = friend H help K#.

I helped my friend yesterday.
,
11.
x# \ match
f_.
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EXERCISE
Kumble 7 wickets
Kumble took 7 wickets in the match

yesterday.
12. N K O ^ | 1996 =Y=O u

J~<~.
Sri Chandra Babu became the Chiefminister in 1996.
13.
= father last year promotion O^~.

My father got a promotion last year.
14.
= cousin last year Intermediate fail

J~#k.
My cousin failed in Intermediate last
year.
15. HH ~ x# = =O_O ~ \OK~.

The Collector toured in our Mandal
yesterday.
16. "= last Sunday = cousin marriage

H attend J~<=.
We attended our cousin's marriage last
Sunday.
17. <# x# leave H apply K#.

I applied for leave yesterday.
18. P" 1994
S.S.C.
i K#k.
She completed S.S.C. in 1994.

19.
"~ last month family <~H shift

K<~.
They shifted the family to Nellore last
month.
20. x# QO@~ ^Q~ ~_

=
Ô 12
=Ok } Kx~.
12 passengers died in the road
1. <# x# text books H<#.

2. "= last Sunday picnic "=.
3. = father last month Nellore H transfer
O^~.
4. P" x# guests # K Q =~^
KOk.
5. "~ last year D business start K~.
6. <# x# T.V. cricket match K#.
7. "= last Sunday English test K
Q "=.
8. =Y=O u x# =~ ^ O`x
OîOK~.
9. J`_ last year B.A. i K_.
10. x# \ match z < > O _ ~
OKs K_.
11. = grand father 1997 Kx~.
12. <# ~u XH English novel Kk"#.
13. "= last time sHH Q prepare
J~<=.
14. N Z<.\. ~=~= 360 x=
#\OK~.
15. x# "~ = proposal u~iOK~.
16. "= last Sunday meeting cancel
K=.
17. "~ last month XH new book publish
K~.
accident near Guntur yesterday.
Work is Worship.
Z
14
: 94406 16425
NEGATIVE FORM
=#= QÒ x XH == #O^ Hx # K

O_=. XHH i
W`~` =\_K#_ QÒx XH ==#O^ XH~ Kx XH xx
zOKKO^=.
<# x# friends x H=^.

J`_ x# < books W=^.
J
J
J
J
"= last time [#q #^ .

= brother last time job H Ò K^.
"H= QÒ XH~ Kx ## zOKK#q.
D q^=Q QÒ x XH ==#O^ J#Q x# Qx, Q`" ~O, Q`< , Q` O=`~O

H QÒx =i W`~ ==#O^## =#= H "~H~ Kx XH xx
zOK@
"Did + not + I form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note :
"H=x
Subject - Singular, Plural U^## 'did not + I form' =K#.
EXAMPLES
1.
<# x# HlH "^.

I didnot go to college yesterday.
2. "= last week English test "

^ .
We didnot write English test last week.
3. " = last
K^.
month mess bill pay
We didnot pay the mess bill last month.
4. =
brother last time EAMCET H

appear J=^.
My brother didnot appear for the
EAMCET last time.
5. ~u XOQ =~O _^.

It didnot rain in Ongole last night.
15
6. P" x# computer class H ~^.

She didnot come to the computer
class yesterday.
7. "~ last year annual day [~^.

They didnot celebrate the annual day
last year.
8. <# x# P letter post K^.

I didnot post that letter yesterday.
9. "=
last Sunday special class
attend J=^.
We didnot attend the special class last
Sunday.
10. x#\ match Kumble P_^.

Kumble didnot play in the match
yesterday.
11. Q` ZxH N "OH<_ \

K^.
Sri Venkaiah Naidu didnot contest in
the elections last time.
12. ~# i P" ==#

H invite K^.
function
She didnot invite us to the function last

time.
13. "~ x# < P q+O è

~K^.
They didnot inform me that matter
yesterday.
14. =
manager last week < leave

grant K^.
Our manager didnot grant me leave
last week.
15. <# x# J`x =@ #=^.

I didnot believe his words yesterday.
16. = father
O^.
last month
<
money
My father didnot send me money last

month.
17.
Last time "~ = help K^.

They didnot help us last time.
18. < # last time

fH^.
Maths
coaching
I didnot take coaching for Mathematics

last time.
19. x# "~ shop `~=^.

They didnot open the shop yesterday.
20. <# ~u \.q. # K_^.

I didnot watch the news on T.V. last
night.
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE

1. <# last
W=^.
time
J` x
letter
reply
2. "= last month rent pay K^.

3. = English
fH^.
x#
lecturer
class
4. "~ ~# H"~O = =
H\OK^.
5. <# x# leave H apply K^.
6. x# meeting
=\_^.
chief guest
i Q
7. P" x# = WO\H ~^.

8. <# x# class notes "^.
9. "~ last time = JH _ = u
HeOK^.
10. <# x# OK fH^.
11. = brother last year college K~ ^
.
12. <# x# news
K_^.
paper
P H@#
13. = Hindi teacher x# class papers

correct K^.
14. <# ~u ~ _ "~ q#^ .
15. "~ x# JH _
K^.
work complete
Necessity is the mother of invention.
16
: 94406 16425
QUESTION FORM
XHHi =#= QÒ x XH ==#O^ i K#
XH xx QiOz
tOKKO^=.
J
J
g~ Q` < house rent pay K<~?

P" x# q=# party H invite
K#^?
J
J
"~ Q` < P W Mm K<~?

h= x# English class H attend
J~<"?
"H= QÒ x XH == #O^ i K#

## QiOz
t
OK@#
zOKK#q.
D q^=Q QÒ x XH == #O^ J#Q x#, Q`" ~O, Q`< , Q` O=`~O H

QÒx =i W`~ ==#O^## =#= H "~H~ i K# XH xx
QiOz tOK@
" Did + I form of the Verb " LyOK =#.
*
Note : "H=x
Subject - Singular, Plural U^## 'Did' =K#.
EXAMPLES
1.
h= x# P
letter post K < "?

Did you post that letter yesterday?
2.
g~ last
P_<~?
g brother
J~<_ ?
4.
5.
English Madam x# class new

lesson teach KO^ ?
Did the English Madam teach a new
lesson in the class yesterday ?
x# ~u WH_ =~O _#^?

Did it rain here last night?
17
7.
x# match
K<_?
Laxman century
Did Laxman make a century in the

match yesterday ?
last month M.C.A. join
Did your brother join M.C.A. last

month?
"~ last year family Hyderabad shift

K<~ ?
Did they shift their family to Hyderabad
last year?
Sunday cricket match
Did you play a cricket match last

Sunday?
3.
6.
8.
Last Sunday g~ E-TV

programme K<~?
special
Did you watch the special programme

on E-TV last Sunday ?
9.
g~ last week u~= visit K<~?

Did you visit Tirumala last week ?
10.
h= last week
q<~ x<"?
Did you participate in the seminar last
week ?
EXERCISE
'Wh' QUESTIONS
11.
h= WO@s_\ ZH_ Kkq<= ?
Where did you study Intermediate ?

12. g~ D business ZC_
~OaOz
<~ ?
When did you start this business ?
13. h= x# marriage P" Uq
present K<= ?
What did you present her in the
marriage yesterday ?
14. g~ sudden Q P house ZO^ Mm
K<~ ?
Why did you vacate that house

suddenly ?
15. ~u g~ U movie K<~ ?
Which movie did you see last night?
16. x# match Agarkar Zx wickets

1. h= x# new dress H<" ?
2. g~ D letter x# receive K <~?
3. g~ last Sunday exhibition "o<~?
4. g brother last year P.G. i K<
_?
5. "~ last
K<~?
K<=?
Howmany questions did you answer
in the examination yesterday?
19. x# g\OQ guest Q g~ Z=ix
invite K<~?
Whom did you invite as the guest to
the meeting yesterday?
20. WO` z# =< J`_ Bank
officer Z J~<_?
How did he become Bank officer at
such a young age?
month house rent pay
6. g father last
O<~ ?
7.
f<_?
Howmany wickets did Agarkar take in

the match yesterday?
17. "~ last year business ZO`
amount invest K<~?
Howmuch amount did they invest in
the business last year?
18. x# sH h= Zx questions answer
: 94406 16425
month
money
g friends h Q
operate K<~ ?
Last time
co-
8. x# g~ ZH_H "o<~ ?
9.
Last time P"
Uq H#k ?
10. h= last month P job H ZO^ resign

K<= ?
11. g~ x# exam. Z "<~ ?
12. h= Hyderabad #O_
=z<=?
ZC_
13. J`_ x#h Uq K<_ ?

14. h D watch Z=~ present K<
~?
15. Ja+ #= Z=~ " <~ ?
Speech is silver, Silence is gold.
Z
18
: 94406 16425

XHHi =#= W`~ ` =\_ K#C _ QÒ x XH ==#O^ XH~
Kx XH xx QiOz negative sense tOKKO^=.
g father last month h money O^ ?

P" x# q=# party H invite K^?
J
J
J
J
g~ last Sunday g T~ "^ ?

h= x# J`xx H=^ ?
"H= QÒ Kx XH xx QiOz tOK@# zOKK#q.
D q^=Q QÒ x XH == #O^ J#Q x#, Q`" ~O, Q` <, Q` O=`~O H

QÒx =i W`~ ==#O^## XH~ Kx XH xx QiOz negative sense
tOK@# zOK@
"Didn't + I form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note :
"H=x
Subject Singular, Plural
U^##
'Didn't + I form' =K#.
EXAMPLES
1. x# h= college H "^ ?
2.
7.
P # ZxH \
Didn't you go to college yesterday ?
K^?
Last Sunday g~ T.V. programme
Didn't he contest in the elections last

time ?
K_^ ?
Didn't you watch the programme on

T.V. last Sunday ?
3.
Last time J`_ h help K^

Didn't he help you last time ?
4.
Last month
K^ ?
g~
house rent pay
Didn't you pay house rent last month ?
5. ~u WH_ =~O _^ ?
Didn't it rain here last night ?
6. "~ x# h D q+ O
K^ ?
inform
Didn't they inform you this matter

yesterday ?
19
Lasttime
8. P" last
H^ ?
year EAMCET
appear
Didn't she appear for the EAMCET last

year ?
9. "~ last year Annual Day celebrate

K^ ?
Didn't they celebrate the Annual Day
last year ?
10. x# g\OQ g~ D q+O discuss

K^ ?
Didn't you discuss this matter in the
meeting yesterday?
: 94406 16425
'Wh' QUESTIONS
EXERCISE
11. h= x# D q+ O < H O^
K^ ?
Why didn't you tell me this matter

yesterday ?
12. g~ x# marriage H ZO^ attend

H^ ?
Why didn't you attend the marriage
yesterday ?
13. J`_ last year college ZO^

join H^ ?
Why didn't he join college last year ?
14. P" last week party H q=#

ZO^ invite K^ ?
Why didn't she invite you to the party
last week ?
15. "~ last time WH_ ZO^

K^ ?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
stay
8.
Why didn't they stay here last time ?
16. h= x#
~^ ?
computer class
H ZO^
Why didn't you come to the computer

class yesterday ?
17. g~ =O^ Q ZO^ J#=u

fH^ ?
Why didn't you take permission earlier?
18. h= school days

<~H^ ?
grammar ZO^
Why didn't you learn grammar in your

school days ?
19. h= D q+ O J` x O
ZO^ H~^ ?
Why didn't you seek his help in this
matter ?
20. x# match Sachin ZO^ P_^?
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
x# h= letter post K^ ?
Last week g~ test "^ ?
P" x# doctor # consult J=^ ?
"~ last time g JH _ = u
HeOK^?
g~ last time exams H iQ prepare
H^ ?
h= x# J`xx P q+O J_Q^?
g~ last Sunday English movie
K_^ ?
h= x# bank #O_ money withdraw
K^ ?
h= x# = WO\H ZO^ ~^ ?
J`_ last month exam fee ZO^
pay K^ ?
P" last time birthday ZO^
celebrate KH^ ?
x# festival H h= new dress ZO^
H#^ ?
Last time Congress Party P#
seat ZO^ W=^ ?
h= P q+O g parents advice
ZO^ follow J=^ ?
Last time [ B.J.P. H ZO^ F@
"^ ?
Why didn't Sachin play in the match

yesterday ?
Man is made by his belief.
Z
20
: 94406 16425
REVISION
=#= D ~A Uq <~<= ?
D~A =#= =# Spoken English Course 'II form of the Verb' QiOz
< ~ <=. nxx grammar Simple Past Tense JO\~ . nx
1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form 4. Negative Question Form J#
4 parts <~<=. D 4 parts XHi revise KO^=.
1.
POSITIVE FORM :
QÒx XH ==#O^ XH~ iK# XH xx zOK@

'II form of the Verb' LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. I bought text books yesterday. 2. We celebrated Sankranthi last week.

3. They helped me last time.
3. She passed S.S.C. in 2002.
2.
NEGATIVE FORM :
QÒx XH ==#O^ XH~ Kx XH xx zOK@

"did not + I form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. I did not meet my friend yesterday. 2. We did not seek his help last time.
3. It didnot rain here last night.
4. He did not come to office last Monday.
3.
QUESTION FORM :
QÒx XH ==#O^ XH~ K# XH xx tOK@# zOK@

"Did + I form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. Did you write the test well yesterday? 2. Did he draw the salary last week?
3. Did they vacate the house last month ? 4. Did she join college last year?
4.
QÒ Kx XH xx QiOz negative sense tOK@# zOK@

"Didn't + I form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
Ex :
21
1.
2.
3.
4.
Didn't you go to library yesterday ?

Didn't he take coaching last time ?
Didn't they open the shop yesterday ?
Did n't she come to your house yesterday?
: 94406 16425

I Form
II Form
III Form
21
Fly
flew
flown
22.
Forget
forgot
forgoten
23.
Forgive
forgave
forgiven
24.
Freeze
froze
frozen
25.
Get
got
got
26.
Give
gave
given
27.
Go
went
gone
28.
Grow
grew
grown
29.
Hang
hung
hung
Hang
hanged
hanged
30.
Hear
heard
heard
31.
Hide
hid
hidden
32.
Hold
held
held
33.
Keep
kept
kept
34.
Know
knew
known
35.
Learn
learnt
learnt
36.
Leave
left
left
37.
Lend
lent
lent
38.
Light
lit
lit
39.
Lose
lost
lost
40.
Make
made
made
D ~A
Meaning
ZQ~@
=~z=@
HqOK@
Q_H@@
O^@
WK@
"@
~Q@
"_n@
Lif@
q#@
^z=OK@
@H#@
LOK@
`H#@
<~H#@
=ê"@
JCQ WK@
"eyOK@
Q@H#@
`~K@
x Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,

Negative Question Form Q <~<~ H^! Z@=O\ confusion O_ =~ XHi
Spoken English lesson
Z
22
The action of today becomes the destiny of tomorrow.
: 94406 16425
FUTURE ACTION
XHHi =#= q+` x XH == #O^ XH~ K = XH xx
QiOz zOK KO^=. P x

` O [~Q@ ^ . q+` x XH ==
#O^ [~Q#.
"~ ~ g\OQ D q+O discuss J ~ Degree students classes boycott

K~ .
K~ .
`~ Ò ordinance pass KOk. J <# ~ = friends ` picnic "`#.
"H= q+` x XH == #O^ K = ## zOKK#q.
D q^=Q q+` x XH == #O^ J#Q ~ , =K" ~O, =K <, =K O=`~O

H q+` x =i W`~ == #O^# # =#= H "~H~ K = XH xx QiOz
zOK@
"Will + I form of the Verb" LyOK =#.
*
Note :
"H=x
Subject - Singular, Plural U^## "Will + I form"
LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1. <# ~ <~ "`#.
I will go to Nellore tomorrow.
2. "= next
K=.
Sunday
g\OQ U~@
We will arrange a meeting next

Sunday.
3. =
4.
7. <# ~ h D q+ O inform K#.

I will inform you this matter tomorrow.
8. "= =K <
J=`=.
shift
We will shift to the new house next

month.
brother next month car HO\_.

My brother will buy a car next month.
9. J`_ `~
P" D proposal `H XCO@Ok.
10. = sister ~
J=`~.
She will accept to this proposal.
new house
promotion O^`_.
He will get a promotion soon.
interview
attend
5. "~ =# JH _ Jx = `
He~ .
My sister will attend the interview

tomorrow.
They will provide us all the facilities

there.
11. "~ =K < XOQ branch open

K~ .
"~ `~ P W Mm K~.
They will open a branch in Ongole next

month.
6.
They will vacate that house soon.

23
12. <# ~
telephone bill pay
K#.
I will pay the telephone bill tomorrow.
13. "= ~
J`xH XH
watch present K=.
marriage tomorrow.
Finance Minister =K 28# ~"

O\
budget
"_`~.
The Finance Minister will present the

Budget in the Parliament next 28th.
15. <Q~#
x=i\ ="~O _w
e` H\Ok.
Nagarjuna University will announce
the degree results next Monday.
16. = uncle Di =x ZxH

\K ~ .
My uncle will contest in the Municipal
elections this time.
17. = sister
J=Òk.
next July
B.Sc. join
My sister will join B.Sc. next July.
18. = lecturers = sH `~"`

x~~ .
tour
Our lecturers will organize a tour after

our examinations.
19. <# ~ h <
note book
W#.
I will give you my note book tomorrow.
20.
Indian Cricket Board

Captain
EXERCISE
marriage
We will present him a watch in the
14.
: 94406 16425
Di Dravid x
KOk.
The I.C.B. will make Rahul Dravid

captain this time.
1. <# ~ = native place H "#.

2. "= next Sunday sea-shore H
"`=.
3. = brother next month M.B.A. entrance
test H appear J=`_.
4. P" Di OK~f ZxH \
KOk.
5. "~ `~ <~ business start
K~ .
6. "= next year D town house
HO\=.
7. <# next year transfer H try K#.
8. = father < =K "~O money
O`~.
9. =# =Y=Ou ~ _b ^ xx
H~ .
10. "~ =K < XOQ XH new
showroom open K~ .
11. +H=` WO_H next president
J=`~.
12. " = ~ g = x~ O
è*O.
13.
^
x ~ =# ~RO ~ \~ .
14. Intermediate Board D i sH
strict Q x~Ok.
15. = uncle `~ U.S.A. "`~.
An honest man is the noblest work of God.
24
: 94406 16425
NEGATIVE FORM
XHHi =#= q+` x XH == #O^ K x XH xx QiOz
zOK KO^=.
J
J
<# ~ college H "#.

J P" D i birthday celebrate KH^.
"~ =# next time help K~.J = brother Di bank test H appear J=_.
"H= q+` x XH == #O^ XH~ K x ## zOK

K#q.
D q^=Q q+` x XH == #O^ ~ =K" ~O, =K< , =K O=`~O H

q+`x U W`~ == #O^## =#= H "~H~ Kx XH xx QiOz
zOK@
"Will + not + I form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
Note : "H=x
Subject - Singular, Plural U^## 'Will not + I form' =K#.
EXAMPLES
1.
7. "= D ~@ =~ K=.
<# ~ duty H attend J=#.

I will not attend the duty tommorow.
2. " = D
town
settle
J==.
We will not settle down in this town.
3. =
brother next week Ongole
~_.
My brother will not come to Ongole
4. P" D O=`~O Hl join J=^.

She will not join college this year.
next time
=#
help
K~.
They will not help us next time.
6. ~ match Lakshman P__.

Lakshman will not play in the match
tommrow.
25
8. P" D proposal XCH^.

She will not accept to this proposal.
9. "~ ~ meeting D q+O

discuss K~.
They will not discuss this matter in
next week.
5. "~
We will not commit this mistake again.
the meeting tommrow.
10. <# J`x q+O *HO KH#.

I will not interefere in his matter.
11. "= D i P hotel stay K =.

We will not stay in that hotel next time.
12. <# D i J`x O H~#.

I will not seek his help next time.
EXERCISE
13. P" next year studies continue K ^.

She will not continue her studies next
year.
14. "= next time J`x P^~_

=
.
we will not depend on him next time.
15. "~ D i
K~.
annual day celebrate
They will not celebrate the annual day

this time.
16.
Next time ZxH

TDP, BJP H support
K^.
The TDP will not support the BJP in
the next elections.
17. "~ ~ =## JH _

KH~.
receive
They will not receive us there

tomorrow.
18. P" ~ party H "ix invite K^.

She willnot invite them to the party
tomorrow.
19. <#
next time work neglectK#.

I will not neglect the work next time.
20.
University
Di
exams postpone
K^.
The university will not postpone the
examinations this time.
: 94406 16425

1. <# ~ JH_ J`xx H=#.
2. "= next Sunday = T~ "=.
3. = uncle D i Zx H \
K~.
4. P" ~ =#` picnic H ~^.
5. "~ ~ =# JH_ =u HeOK~.
6. S.V. University next academic year
entrance tests x~OK^.
7. <# D i coaching fH#.
8. "= next month classes H attend
J==.
9. Next summer "= holidays waste
K=.
10. = brother WH P club H~H=
#_.
11. [^ WH x= #\OK^.
12. z < > O _ ~ WH captaincy
JOwHiOK_.
13. "~ WH =# material supply
K~.
14. " = next time J=H = miss
KH=.
15. `Q x= Ja=# NTR #
=~z~.
Z
Look before you leap.
26
: 94406 16425
QUESTION FORM
XHHi =#= =+` x XH ==#O^ XH~ K = XH xx
QiOz tOK KO^=.
J
J
h= ~ English class H attend J=`"? J g brother `~ USA "`_?

g~ next week g native place H "`~? J P" next month Ongole =O ^?
"H= q+`x XH == #O^ K= ## QiOz

tOK@# zOKK#q.
D q^=Q q+` x XH == #O^ J#Q ~ , =K" ~O, =K< , =K O=`~O

H q+`x =i W`~ == #O^## =#= H "~H~ K= XH xx
tOK@
"Shall / Will + I form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
"H=
I, we - subject Q =#C_ 'shall'
You, He, She It, They - subject Q =#_ 'will' LyOK=#.
Note :
EXAMPLES
1.
<# ~ OÒ g WO\H =K^?

Shall I come to your house tomorrow
evening?
2.
=#= ~ Bank Manager # consult

J=^=?
Shall we consult the Bank Manager
tomorrow?
3.
4.
< # =#
lunch order
Shall I order lunch for us ?
=#= next month

appear J=^= ?
K ^ ?
L.I.C. test
7.
report submit
P" D proposal XCO@O^ ?

Will she accept to this proposal ?
8. "~ ~ g\OQ D q+ O discuss

K~ ?
Will they discuss this matter in the
meeting tomorrow ?
9.
Will you submit this report to the

Collector tomorrow ?
27
Will your brother become the Branch

Manager next year ?
Shall we appear for the L.I.C. test next

month ?
5. g~ ~ HH~ D
K~ ?
6. g brother next year Branch Manager

J=`_ ?
~ =Y=Ou =# l visit K~?

Will the Chief-minister visit our district
tomorrow ?
10. =K "~O x=i\

H\O^ ?
P.G.
e`
Will the university announce the P.G.

results next week ?
,
11.
<# ~ hHO ZH_ wait Kk?

Where shall I wait for you tomorrow?
12.
=#= ` ~ "` U
J=^=?
course join
13.
<# h K< #Oz Uq `Kk?

What shall I bring for you from
Chennai ?
14.
=#= ~ guests =u ZH_

provide K^=?
Where shall we provide the
accommodation for the guests
tomorrow?
15.
EXERCISE

1.
Which course shall we join next?
h= =~ g Ti #O_ ZC_ uiy

==?
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
when will you return from your village?

16.
~ JH_
q<~ Z=~ x~~ ?
Who will organize the seminar there
tomorrow?
17.
18.
=# HH\ team H
J=`~ ?
next captain
Z=~
19.
20.
8.
9.
Who will become the next captain of

our cricket team?
10.
11.
~ WO@~H ZO`=Ok J~
[~ J=`~?
12.
Howmany candidates will attend the

interview tomorrow?
g~ Di "q = ZH_
Q_`~?
13.
Where will you spend your summer

holidays this time?
14.
"~ new
J=`~?
15.
house
H ZC_
shift
When will they shift to the new house?
: 94406 16425
<# _ ~ h` <~H =K^?

=#= D q+O "iH =O^Q
inform K^=?
g~ D town < settle J=`~?
WO@s_\ ~ D O=`~O |
=~ KO^?
P" =K O=`~O P school H Headmistress J=`~?
_w q^~ ~ strike O\~?
_w `~` h= studies discontinue
K"?
x~ WO@~ q^~ =K Pk"~O
farewell party celebrate K~?
g parents U.S.A. #O_ ZC_ uiy
=~ ?
h= Hyderabad Zx~A LO\=?
=## ~ JH_ Z=~ receive
KO\~?
"~ ~ OH ZO` amount deposit
K~ ?
h= D HO@~ H~ ZC_ i
K=?
ZxH `~ "` U s `x U~@
KOk?
h= WO@~ U Q fO\=?
If wealth is lost, nothing is lost....
28
: 94406 16425

XHHi =#= q+` x XH ==#O^ XH~ K x XH xx QiOz
~ =#= "ix H==^ ?

J`_ =K "~O duty H attend J=_ ?
J
J
J
J
h= ~ computer class H ~" ?

P" WH college K^=^ ?
"H= q+` K x XH xx QiOz

t
OK@# zOKK#q.
D q^=Q =#=Qx, "~H~ Qx q+` x XH ==#O^ J#Q ~ , =K <,

=K O=`~O H q+` x =i W`~ ==#O^# # K x XH xx QiOz
negative sense tOK@# zOK@
"Shalln't / willn't (won't) + I form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
"H=
I, We - subject Q L#C_ 'Shalln't'
You, He, She, It, They - subject Q L#C_ 'Won't' LyOK=#.
Note :
EXAMPLES
6. P" D proposal XCH#^ ?
1. <# ~ WH ~=^ ?
Shalln't I come here tomorrow ?
2. =#= next Sunday P programme

participate K=^ ?
Shalln't we participate in that
programme next Sunday?
Won't you go to office tomorrow?
4. J`_ D course join J=_ ?
29
8. g~ ~\ =~ JH_ wait K~ ?
9. P" next
xK^?
year
college
year?
apply
Won't you apply for the entrance test

this time ?
Won't they settle down in this town?
Won't she work in this college next
Won't he join this course ?

entrance test
7. "~ D town settle J=~ ?
Won't you wait there till tomorrow ?
3. h= ~ office H "" ?
5. h= Di
K" ?
Won't she accept to this proposal ?
10. "~ ~ =## JH _

KH~?
receive
Won't they receive us there tomorrow?
: 94406 16425
'Wh' QUESTIONS
EXERCISE
11. h= ~ =` picnic H ZO^ ~=?
Why won't you come on picnic with us

tomorrow ?
12. g~ next week =~ WH_ ZO^

LO_~ ?
Why won't you stay here till next week?
13. J` _ h D q+ O ZO^
HiOK_ ?
Why won't he co-operate with you in
this matter ?
14. P" D medicines ZO^ fH#^?

Why won't she take these medicines?
15. "~ =# ZO^ support K~?

Why won't they support us ?
17. "~ J`x ZO^ K~ fH#~?

Why won't they take action against
him?
18. h=
next March exams H ZO^

appear J== ?
Why won't you appear for the exams
next March ?
H ZO^
3. g~ next Sunday Ongole H ~~ ?

4. h= next May entrance test H appear
J=" ?
5. P" D i function H =## invite
K^ ?
6. J`_ ~ bill pay K_ ?
8. h= ~ ZxH vote "" ?
Why won't you do that work ?
meeting
2. =#= ~ P function H attend H=^?
7. "~ D q+ O =#H HiOK~?
16. h= ZO^ P xK= ?
19. J`_ ~
J=_ ?
1. <# ~ JH_ J`xx H==^ ?
attend
Why won't he attend the meeting

tomorrow ?
20. "~ D O=`~O tour ZO^ organize

K~ ?
Why won't they organize a tour this
year?
9. h= ~ office H ZO^ "= ?

10. g~ next week
x~OK~ ?
meeting
ZO^
11. P# D i ZxH ZO^ \

K~ ?
12. P" D i birthday ZO^ celebrate
KH^ ?
13. "~ ~ =## ZO^
J=~?
cousult
14. g~ ~ seminar ZO^ #~?

15. J`_ ~ =#` TiH ZO^~_?
Z
If health is lost, something is lost...
30
: 94406 16425
REVISION
=#= D ~A Uq <~<= ?
D~A =#= =# Spoken English Course 'Future form ' (Will + I form of the
verb) QiOz <~<=. nxx grammar Simple Future Tense JO\~. nx 1.
Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form 4. Negative Question Form J# 4
parts <~<=. D 4 parts XHi revise KO^=.
1.
POSITIVE FORM :
q+` x XH ==#O^ XH~ K = XH xx zOK@ ''Will +

I form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
Ex :
1.I will buy a camera tomorrow.
2. We will visit Hyd. next month.
3.They will finish this work next week. 4. He will join M.C.A. next June.
2.
NEGATIVE FORM :
q+` x XH ==#O^ XH~ K x XH xx QiOz zOK@

"Will + not + I form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
Ex :
1.I will not help you in this matter.
2. We will not delay the work tomorrow.
3.They will not settle down in this town. 4. He will not stay here tomorrow.
3.
QUESTION FORM :
q+` x XH ==#O^ XH~ K = XH xx QiOz

t
OK@#
zOK@ "Shall/Will + I form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
Ex :
4.
1. Shall I bring you the text books ?
2. Will you join M.C.A. next year ?
3. Will they help you there tomorrow?
4. Shall we visit Mysore next month ?
q+` x XH ==#O^ XH~ K x XH xx QiOz negative sense

t O K @# zOK @ "Shalln't / Won't + I form of the Verb"
LyOK=#.
Ex :
1.Won't you stay here tomorrow ?
2. Won't he come here next week?
3.Won't they pay the bill next month? 4. Shalln't I wait for you tomorrow ?
31
: 94406 16425

I Form
II Form
III Form
41.
Pay
paid
paid
42.
Prove
proved
proved
43.
Read
read
read
44.
Ride
rode
ridden
45.
Ring
rang
rung
46.
Rise
rose
risen
47.
Run
ran
run
48.
Say
said
said
49.
See
saw
seen
50.
Seek
sought
sought
51.
Sell
sold
sold
52.
Send
sent
sent
53.
Shake
shook
shaken
54.
Shine
shone
shun
55.
Shoot
shot
shot
56.
Sing
sang
sung
57.
Sink
sank
sunk
58.
Sit
sat
sat
59.
Sleep
slept
slept
60.
Smell
smelt
smelt
D ~A
Meaning
KeOK@
x~OK@
K^=@
sK
@
"yOK@
L^~OK@
~Q`@
KC@
KK@
H~H#@
J=@
O@
HkeOK@
HtOK@
H@
_@
=#Q@
~#@
xkOK@
"#KK@

Z
32
If character is lost, everything is lost.
: 94406 16425
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
=#O Hx # Ò =\_K# == #O^ continuous Q
KKO^=. P # Ò [~Q K#q. =#= WC_ continuous Q
K=# XH xx QiOz W`~ zOKKO^=.
<# WC_ type-writing <~O@<#. J "= Ò <~ LO@<=.

= lecturers D < lessons revise K<~. J J`_ WC_H H^ "<_.
J
J
"H=x XH~ `= continuous Q K# ## zOKK#q.
D q^=Q =#= =\_ K# ==# J#Q D ~A, D "~O, D <, D O=`~O,

WC_, Ò =#= H "~H~ continuous Q K=# XH xx zOK@
"Am / Is / Are + 'ing' form" LyOK=#.
*
Am, Is, Are J# D =_O\x Present 'Be' forms JO^~.

"H= Subject > 'I' J~#C_ 'am + 'ing' form'
He, She, It J~#C_ 'is + 'ing' form'
Note :
We, You, They J~#C_ 'are +'ing'' form' =K#.
EXAMPLES
1. <# Ò <~
K<#.
B.L.
I am doing B.L. in Nellore at present.
2. "= Ò Bank colony x=t

<=.
We are living at Bank colony at
present.
3. =
brother D O=`~O competitive

exams H prepare JQ K <_ .
My brother is preparing for the
competitive exams this year.
4. P" WC_ guests =~^ K #

k.
She is treating the guests now.
5. Ò "~ P WO\H ~. 2000 J^

Ke<~.
They are paying a rent of Rs. 2000 for
that house at present.
33
6. D ~A
<~.
trains
Jh P OQ #_
All the trains are running late today.
7. =
English lecturer D "~O =

grammar teach K<~.
Our English lecturer is teaching us
grammar this week.
8. <# Ò =
K<#.
friend room
stay
I am staying in my friend's room at

present.
9. = ^# Ò business K
O@<~.
My elder brother is looking after
business at present.
10. D ~A WH_ s =~O _ K#k.

It is raining here heavily today.
11. "= D ~A q["_ "<=.

We are going to Vijayawada today.
12. P" =i` ^_K#k.
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE
She is suffering from malaria.
13. "= D
summer = Hh
water problem face K<=.
We are facing water problem in our
colony at present.
14. <Q~# Ò XH On x=
#\<_.
Nagarjuna is acting in a Hindi movie
at present.
15. ~ ^
q_

Ò =# cricket team
x lead K<_.
Rahul Dravid is leading our cricket
team at present.
16. "= D = English <~O@

<=.
We are learning English in these
holidays.
17. = Hl
students D i [#q
programme O@<~ .
Our college students are participating
in the Janmabhoomi programme this
time.
18. = sister Ò
O^K#k.
Hyd.
training
My sister is undergoing training in

Hyderabad now.
19. J`_

` O XH private school x
K<_.
He is working in a private school now.
20.
"~ Ò =
K<~.
material supply
1. <# Ò govt. job HO try

K<#.
2. "= D ~A = class farewell party
[~O@<=.
3. = parents Ò = village
LO@<~.
4. N K O ^ | D ~A H $ l
~\<~.
5. "~ Ò JH_ XH shopping
complex xi<~.
6. <# WC_ XH private company job
K<#.
7. " = D ~A g\ O Q H U~@
K<=.
8. ` O J` _ = Q
Hi<_.
9. P" WC_ guest lunch `~
K#k.
10. "= D ~A T.V. match K
<=.
11. = uncle Ò ## Kkq<~.
12. "= D "~O pending files clear
K<=.
13. Ò P shop 15 =Ok x
K<~.
14. J` _ W C _ wedding cards print
K<_.
15. = grandfather Ò i rest
fO@<~.
They are supplying us material now.
Empty vessels make much noise.
34
: 94406 16425
NEGATIVE FORM
XHHi =#=

` O =#= continuous Q KO_x XH xx QiOz
zOK KO^=.
<# WC_ L^QO K@^.

D ~A R.T.C. | #_=@O ^ .
J
J
J
J
"= Ò XOQ x=tOK@^.

"~ ` O Hl H [~=@O ^ .
"H= Ò XH~ KO_x ## QiOz zOKK#q.
D q^=Q ` O =#= =\_ K# ==#O^ J#Q WC_, ` O , D ~A,

D "~O, D <, D O=`~O =#= Qx, "~H~ Qx continuous Q KO_x XH xx
QiOz zOK@
"Am / Is / Are + not + 'ing' form" LyOK=#.
*
"H=
I - subject Q L#C_ 'am not',
He, She , It - subject Q L#C_ 'is not'
We, You, They - subject Q L#C_ 'are not' LyOK=#.
Note :
EXAMPLES
1.
<# D ~A H ~=_O^.
I am not coming to the class today.
2. "=

` O P "~O K @O ^ .
We are not doing that business at
present.
3. J`_ WC_ =` LO_@O^.

He is not staying with us now.
4. P" D O=`~O Hr K^=

_O^ .
She is not studying in college this
year.
5. D ~A WH _ =~ O _ @ O ^ .
It is not raining here now.
6. "~ Ò = HiOK@O ^.
They are not co-operating with us at
present.
35
7. z< >O_~ D
P_@O^.
series
Sachin Tendulkar is not playing well

in this series.
8. = English Madam D "~O

fH=_O^.
classes
Our English Madam is not taking

classes this week.
9. "~ Ò WH_ U = Z^~

#@^.
They are not facing any problem here
now.
10. < # D O =` ~ O PH r
xK_O^.
I am not working in that college this
year.
11. "=

` O P WO\ x=tOK@O^ .
We are not living in that house at
present.
12. = father ` O P
LyOK_O^.
old scooter
My father is not using that old vehicle

at present.
13. ~* WC_ x= #\OK_O^.

Roja is not acting in movies now.
14. "~ Ò P club

x~OK_O^.
programmes
They are not conducting programmes

in that club now.
15. P`_ WC_ WH_ ~=@O^.

He is not coming here now.
16. P" WC_

^.
studies continue
K_O
She is not continuing her studies now.
17. "~ ` O P
K_O^.
game practise
They are not practising that game at

present.
18. <# Ò D =O^ fH=_O

^.
I am not taking these medicines now.
19. = brother D O=`~O

iQ ^K_O^.
studies
My brother is not concentrating on his

studies this year.
20. "~ Ò =
K_O^.
material supply
They are not supplying us the material

at present.
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE

1. <# Ò P room stay K_O
^.
2. "= WC_ D books follow J=_O
^.
3. J`_ WC_ D course K@ ^.
4. P" D O=`~O = school
xK@O^.
5. "~ WC_ = O K@O
^.
6. D H"~ iQ xK@O ^.
7. "= Ò D WO\H rent pay
K_O ^.
8. P" D i sH iQ prepare
J=@O^.
9. "~ Ò books publish K_O
^.
10. <# WC_ U job H try K_O^.
11. "= D ~A O_Q [~H=@O
^.
12. "~ business i Q accounts
maintain K_O^.
13. "~ D O=`~O college donations
= K_O^.
14. <# Ò non-veg. food fH=@O
^.
15. <# WC_ "i q+O *HO
KH=@O ^.
Failures are the stepping stones of success.
36
: 94406 16425
QUESTION FORM
XHHi =#=

` O XH~ continuous Q K# XH xx QiOz tOK
KO^=
h= WC_ |sH "K<"?

g brother WC_ M.C.A. K<_?
J
J
"H= `= XH~
zOKK#q.
J
J
g~ Ò <~ LO@<~?
P" D O=`~O LO@#^?
continuous Q KO_ ## QiOz tOK@#
D q^=Q `= =#= =\_K# ==# J#Q D ~A, D "~O, D

O=`~O, WC_ =#= H "~H~ continuous Q K# XH xx QiOz tOK@
"Am / Is / Are + 'ing' form" LyOK =#.
*
"H=
I - subject Q L#C_ 'am',
He, She, It - subject Q L#C_ 'is'
We, You, They - subject Q L#C_ 'are' LyOK=#.
Note :
EXAMPLES
1.
<# WC_ x# disturb K<<?
7.
Am I disturbing you now ?

2.
Is the Janasatabdi Express running

late today?
"= WC_time waste K<=?

Are we wasting time now?
3.
g~ W C _
K<~?
results
H O Z^ ~
8.
Are you waiting for the results now?

4.
g father WOH P
K<~?
company
g sister D O=`~O
K#^?
x
9.
6.
g~ D ~A LQk O_Q [~
O@<~?
Are you celebrating Ugadi today?
37
h= Ò
K<"?
English
concentrate
Are you concentrating on English

now?
M. Phil.
Is your sister doing M.Phil. this year?
"~

` O Group - I sH prepare
JQK<~ ?
Are they preparing for the Group - I
examination at present?
Is your father still working in that

company ?
5.
[#à ZH D ~A POQ
#_#^?
10.
J`_ WC_ EAMCET H

fO@<_ ?
coaching
Is he taking coaching for the EAMCET

now ?
EXERCISE
'Wh' QUESTIONS
11.
WC_ h= WO\^Q~ UqK<=?

What are you doing at home now?
12.
brother Z K ^ =K < _ ?
How is your brother studying ?
1.
13.
h= WC_ ZO^ WH_ x|_

=<=?
3.
2.
Why are you standing here now ?
14. Ò =# HH\ \"# Z=~

K<~ ?
lead
4.
Who is leading our cricket team at

present ?
5.
15. "~ function H U~@ ZH _

K<~?
6.
Where are they making arrangements

for the function ?
16.
17.
18.
Ò D
course H ZO` = Ok
students attend J=`<~?
Howmany students are attending this
course at present ?
g~

` O XH < ZO` A
= K<~?
8.
9.
10.
11.
h= ` O ZO`
K<=?
12.
salary draw
Ò P Hs ZO`=Ok x
K<~ ?
Howmany men are working in that
factory at present?
20.
7.
Howmuch fee are you collecting for

hostel per month at present ?
Howmuch salary are you drawing at

present?
19.
h= W C _
K<=?
N.I.I.T
: 94406 16425
course
Which course are you doing in the

N.I.I.T at present?
13.
14.
15.
h= D ~A [~O` ^_
K<"?
g~ Ò = enjoy K<~?
g `_ WH_ ~Q practise
K<_?
<Q~# WC_ On films act
K<_?
g mother WC_ guests # treat
K#^?
"~ WC_ WH_ U^< problem face
K<~?
D "~ O "~ pending files clear
K<~?
Ò g parents ZH_ =O@<~?
Ò g material Z=~ supply
K<~?
"~ W C _ ZO^ ` Q = _
O@<~?
h= Chemistry H U book refer
K<= ?
Ò P camp ZO`=Ok tH}
O^K<~?
h= WC_ WH_ Z=i HO Z^~
K<= ?
K~ < ^q
H Di ZO`=Ok \
_K<~?
h Ò WH_ Z=~ O
K<~ ?
Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
38
: 94406 16425

XHHi =#=

` =
=#= =\_ K# ==# continuous Q XH~
KO_x XH xx QiOz negative sense tOKKO^=.
g~ Ò business K@O ^ ?
P" Ò D school xK@O ^?
J
J
J
J
J`_ D ~A WH_ ~=_O^ ?

"~ D < class H attend J=@O^?
"H= Ò KO_x XH xx QiOz tOK@# zOKK#q.
D q^=Q =#=Qx, "~H~ Qx ` = =#= =\_ K# ==# J#Q D

~A, D "~O, D <, D O=`~O continuous Q KO_x XH xx QiOz negative
sense tOK@# zOK@
"Isn't/Aren't + Verb + 'ing' form" LyOK=#.
*
Note :
Subject >
"H=
'I' J~#C_ 'Aren't I' =K#. ('Amn't I' ~_^.)
He, She, It J~#C_ 'Isn't'
We, You, They J~#C_ 'Aren't ' =K#.
EXAMPLES
1. <# x ^ K@O^ ?
Aren't I concentrating on work ?
2. h= D O=`~O P Hl K^=
@O
^ ?
Aren't you studying in that college
this year ?
3. P`_ Ò job K@O^ ?

Isn't he doing job at present ?
4. P" Ò g WO\ LO_@O^ ?

Isn't she staying in your house at
present ?
5. h= WC_ D
^?
scooter use
K@O
Aren't you using this scooter now ?
6. "~ Ò D
^ ?
town
x=tOK@O
Aren't they living in this town at

present?
7. h= Ò U
^ ?
job
HO
try
Aren't you trying for any job at present?
8. J`_ D ~A college H "@O^ ?

Isn't he going to college today ?
9. P" ` O ` Q x =
#\OK@O^ ?
Isn't she acting in Telugu movies at
present ?
10. <# iQ x K@O^ ?

Aren't I working properly ?
39
K@O
: 94406 16425
'Wh' QUESTIONS
EXERCISE
11. h= ` O P office ZO^

xK@O^ ?
Why aren't you working in that office

at present ?
12. h= D ~A college H ZO^ "@O

^ ?
Why aren't you going to college today?
13. h= studies ZO^

K@O^ ?
concentrate
Why aren't you concentrating on your

studies ?
1.
2.
3.
4.
14. g~ ` O P WO\ ZO^

x=tOK@^ ?
5.
Why aren't you living in that house at

present ?
6.
15. J`_ D "~O duty H ZO^ attend

J=@O^ ?
7.
Why isn't he attending the duty this

week ?
16. P" ` O WH _ ZO^

~=@O^ ?
Why isn't she coming here at present?
17. "~ ` O
K@O^ ?
business
ZO^
Why aren't they doing business at

present ?
18. P" WC_ g` ZO^ LO_@O^?

Why isn't she staying with you now ?
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
19. D camera ZO^ xK@O^ ?

Why isn't this camera functioning ?
20. "~ Ò h HO^ HiOK@O

^ ?
Why aren't they co-operating with you
now ?
14.
15.
h= D ~A HlH "@O^ ?
g~ Ò "iH material supply
K@O^ ?
J` _ ` O U problem face
K@O^ ?
P" WC_ D medicines fH=@O
^ ?
"~ ` O ~ ` loans
W=@O^?
h= D O=`~O P course K@O
^ ?
g~ i Q accounts maintain
K@O^ ?
P# Ò new cases take up
K_O^ ?
P"

` O H^ " @O^ ?
g father h money O@O^ ?
h= D scooter ZO^ use K@O
^ ?
g~ rules ZO^ follow J=@O^ ?
"~ Ò books ZO^ publish
K@O^ ?
P# Ò films ZO^ act
K@O^ ?
P" D ~A "i` Hyderabad
ZO^ "@O^ ?
Fools rush in where angels fear to tread.
40
: 94406 16425
REVISION
=#= D ~A Uq <~<= ?
D~A =#= =# Spoken English Course "Am/Is/Are + Verb + 'ing'
form" QiOz <~ <=. nxx grammar Present ContinuousTense JO\~. nx
1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form 4. Negative Question Form
J# 4 parts <~<=. D 4 parts XHi revise KO^=.
1.
POSITIVE FORM
`= =#= =\_K# ==# XH~ continuous Q KK#

XH xx zOK@ ''am / is / are + Verb + 'ing' form" LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. I am learning English now.
2. We are waiting for the train now.
3. They are playing a match today. 4. She is staying in the hostel at present.
2.
NEGATIVE FORM :
`= =#= =\_K# ==# XH~ continuous Q KO_x

XH x x Q iOz zOK @ "am /is/ are + not + 'ing' form"
LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. I am not using this bicycle now.

2. He is not doing any job at present.
3. They are not helping us at present.
4. We are not facing any problem here at present.
3.
QUESTION FORM :
`= =#= =\_K# ==# XH~ continuous Q K# XH

xx QiOz tOK@# zOK@ "Am/Is/Are + Verb + 'ing' form"
LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. Are you going to college now ? 2. Is she studying B.Sc. this year?
3. Is he suffering from a fever today? 4. Are they living in Nellore at present ?
4.
`= =#= =\_K# ==# XH~ continuous Q KO_x

XH x x Q iOz t O K @ "Isn't/Aren't + verb + 'ing' form"
LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. Aren't you coming with me now ?

2. Isn't she attending the classes this week ?
3. Aren't they doing this business now ?
41
: 94406 16425

I Form
II Form
III Form
61.
Speak
spoke
spoken
62.
Spend
spent
spent
63.
Spoil
spoilt
spoilt
64.
Spread
spread
spread
65.
Stand
stood
stood
66.
Steal
stole
stolen
67.
Sting
stang
stung
68.
Strike
stroke
struck
69.
Strive
strove
striven
70.
Swear
swore
sworn
71.
Sweep
swept
swept
72.
Swim
swam
swum
73.
Take
took
taken
74.
Teach
taught
taught
75.
Tear
tore
torn
76.
Tell
told
told
77.
Think
thought
thought
78.
Thrive
throve
thriven
79.
Throw
threw
thrown
80.
Understand
understood
understood
D ~A
Meaning
=\_@
Q_@, Y~K@
_K
@
"OK@
x|_@
ÔyeOK@
@@
J_H#@
~_@
=}O K@
T_@
D^@
fH#@
<iOK@
zOK@
KC@
PzOK@
Ja=$k KO^@
q~@
J~O KH#@

Z
42
'Drown not thyself to save a drowning man'.
: 94406 16425
PAST CONTINUOUS
=#= Hx # QÒx XH == #O^ continuous Q K O _
O^=. P # Ò K@^. QÒx HO` H= continuous Q
K
O _# XH xx QiOz W`~ zOKKO^=.
<# x# h HO library ^Q~ Z^~ KO _<#.

"= last month bank test H coaching fHO@O_<=.
= father JC_ <~ x K O _ <~.
P" last year Intermediate K^ = KO_#k.
J
J
J
J
"H= QÒ continuous Q K

O _# ## zOKK#q.
D q^=Q QÒ x XH == #O^ J#Q x# Qx, Q`" ~O, Q` <, Q` O=`~O

H QÒx =i W`~ == #O^## =#= H "~H~ continuous Q K O _#
XH xx QiOz zOK@
"Was / Were + 'ing' form" LyOK=#.
*
Note :
J# D ~ O_O\x Past 'Be' forms JO^~.

"H= I, He, She, It (Singular) - subject Q L#C_ 'was' =K#.
We, You, They (Plural) - subject Q L#C_ 'were' =K#.
'Was' 'Were'
EXAMPLES
1.
"= last week exams " O _<=.

We were writing examinations last
week.
2. J`_ last year hostel

<_.
stay K
O _
He was staying in the hostel last year.
3. P" JC_ steno Q x K O _#k.

She was working as a steno then.
4. "~ x# O ` P q+ O
K=<~.
discuss
They were discussing that matter

yesterday.
5.
"~ JC_ = help K O _<~.

They were helping us then.
6.
43
<# x# h HO
wait K
O _<#.
I was waiting for you yesterday.
7. = father JC_
<~.
business
K O _
My father was doing business then.
8. " =
last month study classes
attend J=Ò_<=.
We were attending the study classes
last month.
9. "= ~u T.V. XH
KO _<=.
English movie
We were watching an English movie

on T.V. last night.
10. = uncle JC_ High Court lawyer

Q practise K O _<~.
My uncle was practising as a lawyer
in the High Court then.
,
11.
"= x# D time Circar Express

}O K O _<=.
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE
We were travelling by the Circar Express at this time yesterday.
12. "~ Q ` " ~ O O _ Q [~

O@O_<~.
They were celebrating the festival last
week.
13.
=
teach K
O _#k.
Mrs. Malathi
last year Maths
Mrs. Malathi was teaching us Mathematics last year.
14. "= last month public examinations

" O _<=.
We were writing public examinations
last month.
15.
J` _ last year K
K O _<_.
hard work
He was doing hard work last year.
16. "= x# O H<

H U~@ K
O _
<=.
We were making arrangements for the
function yesterday.
17.
[iy#C_, J`_
fast Q #_KO_<_.
Accident
car
He was driving the car very fast when

the accident happened.
18. <# x# D book refer K O _<#.

I was refering to this book yesterday.
19. "~ JC_

<~.
rice business
K O _
They were doing rice business then.
20.
Last week <# notes `

~ K O _
1. <# ~Ò` "x L<#.

2. "= x# cards distribute K O _
<=.
3. J`_ last year iQ studies concentrate K
O _<_.
4. P" last month typhoid ` ^_
Ò_#k.
5. "~ last week South India Oî
O _<~.
6. J`_ WO` =O^ HOQ s
H~H~Q xK
O _<_.
7. "~ last month greeting cards sale
K O _<~.
8. < # x# D H O H O " `
Ò_<#.
9. "= last month Physics subject prepare JQKO_<=.
10. P" x# O ` Ju^ =~^
KO _#k.
11. P" x#O` important letters type
K O _#k.
12. "= x# P time T.V. serial
K<=.
13. J`_ last year < ~. 4,000 rÒ
draw K
O _<_.
14. "~ J C _ K strict Q rules
\ O _<~.
15. <# last year News reporter Q x
KO _<#.
<#.
I was preparing notes last week.
Rome was not built in a day.
Z
44
: 94406 16425
NEGATIVE FORM
XHHi =#= QÒ x XH == #O^ XH~ continuous Q KO_x
xx QiOz zOK KO^=.
J
J
"= Q`"~O H attend J=Ò_^.

"~ WO` =O^ D "~O K O _ ^ .
J
J
P" JC_ = WO\ x K O _^ .

<# x# h HO wait KO_^.
"H= QÒx XH == #O^ XH~ KO_x ## QiOz

zOKK#q.
D qÔQ QÒ x XH ==#O^ x# Qx, QÒ "~O, Q` <, Q` O=`~O H

QÒ x =iW`~ ==#O^# # =#= H "~H~ continuous Q K O _x XH xx
QiOz zOK@
'' Was / Were + not + 'ing' form" LyOK=#.
*
Note :
"H=
I, He, She, It - subject Q
L#C_ 'was not'

We, You, They- subject Q L#C_ 'were not' LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1.
<# x# D letters type KO_^.
2.
I was not typing these letters

yesterday.
"= WO`=O^ D problem face
KO_^.
4.
We were not facing this problem then.

h= JC_ money save KO_^.
You were not saving money then.
z< >O_~ Q` series iQ
5.
Sachin Tendulkar was not playing well

in the last series.
P" WO` =O^ D office
3.
P_Ò_^.
xKO_^.
She was not working in this office

then.
6. x# WH_ =~O _Ò_^.

It was not raining here yesterday.
45
7. "~ Q` O=`~O
x~O_^.
weekly tests
They were not conducting the weekly

tests last year.
8. < # J C _ U subject H
fO@O_^.
tuition
I was not taking tuition for any subject

then.
9. "= JC_ college games practise

KO_^.
We were not practising games in the
college then.
10. J`_ Q` O=`~O sH iQ

prepare J=Ò_^.
He was not preparing well for the
examinations last year.
11. "= JC_ guides follow J=Ò_

^.
13.
We were not following guides then.

h= Q` O=`~O studies iQ
concentrate KO_^.
You were not concentrating on your
studies last year.
< friends WO` =O^ < help
14.
My friends were not helping me then.

= manager Q ` "~ O office
15.
Our manager was not coming to office

last week.
"~ WO` =O^ D business
16.
They were not doing this business

then.
"= Q` < study classes attend
17.
We were not attending the study

classes last month.
P" Q` O=`~O hostel stay
18.
She was not staying in the hostel last

year.
<# x# g HO JH_ wait KO_
19.
I was not waiting for you there

yesterday.
P" Q` O=`~O D college K^ =
20.
She was not studying in this college

last year.
"= QÒ studies neglect KO_
12.
KO_^.
=O_^.
KO_^.
J=_O^.
KO_^.
^.
Ò_ ^.
^.
We were not neglecting our studies

last time.
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE

1. <# Q` O=`~O U job H~ try
KO_^.
2. "= WO`=O^ D problem face
KO_^.
3. J`_ x# D book refer KO_^.
4. P" WO` =O^ D [|` ^_

Ò_^.
5. "= Q`"~O strike O@O_
^.
6. "~ JC_ D town x=tO _^
.
7. <# Q` O=`~O NIIT D course
KO_^.
8. "= JC_ D oil use KO_^.
9. ~R Ò JC_ [#q D
H~H==# x~O_^.
10. JC_ D.M.K. s N.D.A `xH
support KO_^.
11. = brother Q` O=`~O business
KO@O_^.
12. < # J C _ competitive s H
prepare J=Ò_^.
13. "= WO`=O^ = personal
matters P#` discuss KO_
^.
14. = lecturers QÒ special H
x~O_^.
15. "= Q` O=`~O maths tuition
fO@O__O^.
United we stand, Divided we fall.
Z
46
: 94406 16425
QUESTION FORM
XHHi =#= QÒ x XH ==#O^ XH~ continuous Q K# xx
QiOz tOKKO^=.
J
J
J
g~ Q` < sH " O _<~ ? J P" WO` =O^ g WO\ LO@O_ #^?

g brother JC_ Delhi Job K O _ <_ ?
h= x# \.q. H H \ =K KO _ <" ?
"H= QÒx XH == #O^

tOK@# zOKK#q.
continuous
Q K O _# ##
D q^=Q QÒ x XH ==#O^ J#Q x#, Q` "~O, Q`< , Q` O=`~O H

QÒx U == #O^## XH~ continuous Q KO_ XH xx tOK@
'' Was / Were + Verb + 'ing' form" LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=
I, He, She, It - subject Q
L#C_ 'was'
We, You, They - subject Q L#C_ 'were' LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1.
<# x# P
time x^`<< ?
Was I sleeping at that time yesterday?
2.
g~ Q ` " ~ O
K O _ <~ ?
7.
x# WH_ =~= _ Ò_#^ ?

Was it raining here yesterday ?
8. N K O ^ | x# =~ O Q l
~ \ O _<~ ?
Were you distributing the wedding

cards yesterday ?
Was Sri Chandra Babu touring in

Warangal district yesterday ?
cards
P time J`_ important letters type

K O _<_ ?
9.
P" x# WO\ ^ Q ~
@O_#^ ?
rest
f O
Was she taking rest at home

yesterday?
Q` "~O s J~ WO\O\H
canvas K
O _<~ ?
Were the party candidates canvassing
from door to door last week ?
Was he typing the important letters at

that time ?
47
hall-tickets issue
O}
3. g~ x# wedding
K O _<~ ?
5.
"~ Q ` " ~ O
K O _<~ ?
Were they issuing hall-tickets last

week ?
Physics practicals
Were you doing Physics practicals last

week ?
4.
6.
10.
J\ HOQ

Ò D ^H #
J= ~ O _#^ ?
Was the then Congress government
implementing these schemes ?
: 94406 16425
'Wh' QUESTIONS
EXERCISE
11. x# D time h= WO\ ^Q~ Uq

K O _<=?
What were you doing at home at this

time yesterday ?
12.
x# h= P shop Uq HO@<= ?
What were you buying in that shop
yesterday ?
13. Accident [iy# == H~

Z=~ drive K<~ ?
Who was driving the car when the
accident happened ?
14.
x#\ =~ P" U
O^Ò_#k ?
hospital
zH`
In which hospital was she undergoing

treatment till yesterday ?
15. g~ x# < H O ZH _
K O _<~ ?
wait
Where were you waiting for me

yesterday?
16.
P # JC_ Z=~ +
O _
<~ ?
Who was feeding those children then?
17.
g~ P_\i OH " o # C _
g\OQ Z=~ =\_ KO_<~?
Who was speaking in the meeting
when you went to the auditorium ?
18.
"~ x# ZO^ P
_Q@K<~ ?
building
Why were they demolishing that

building yesterday ?
19.
P ==# | ZO` =Ok

}= K O _<~ ?
Howmay passengers were travelling
in the bus at that time ?
20.
J`_ h` Uq argue K O _<_?

What was he arguing with you ?
1. x# JO` g~ train }O
K O _<~ ?
2. g~ last year result HO hard work
K O _<~ ?
3. J` _ WO` =O^ h help
K O _<_ ?
4. P" x# P time special items
` ~ K O _#^ ?
5. "~ WO` =O^ D O# x~
O _<~ ?
6. Last summer h= English grammar
<~ O@O_<" ?
7. Q`"~O g~ office # H` building
xH shift K O _<~ ?
8. x# L^ O h= ZH_H " O _<=?
9. x# ~u g~ Uq K i Q
Ki
O _<~ ?
10. g Q` O=`~O Hl Maths
Z=~ teach K O _<~ ?
11. "~ x# ZO^ ` Q = _
HO@O_<~ ?
12. h JC_ Z=~ help K O _<~?
13. Last summer h= U course
K O _<= ?
14. Last year g business Z=~
KO@<~ ?
15. h= x# P time JH_ ZO^
x|_ =<= ?
Confidence is the first secret of success.
48
: 94406 16425

XHHi =#= QÒ XH~ continuous Q K
O _x XH xx QiOz
t
OK
KO^=.
P" last month hostel stay

J g~ last year classes H attend
KO_^?
J=Ò_^ ?
"~ WO` =O^ D "~O K O _^ ? J x# h= T.V. match KO _^ ?
"H= QÒ KO_x XH xx QiOz tOK@# zOKK#q.
D q^=Q QÒ x XH == #O^ x#, Q`" ~O, Q` <, Q` O=`~O H QÒ x

=i W`~ ==#O^## XH~ continuous Q KO_x XH xx QiOz negative
sense tOK@# zOK@
"Wasn't/Weren't + Verb + "ing" form LyOK=#.
*
Note :
"H=
Subject - I, He, She, It J~#C_ 'Wasn't =K#.

We, You, They J~#C_ 'Weren't =K#.
EXAMPLES
1. x# h= < HO wait K
O _@O ^?
2.
Weren't you waiting for me yesterday?

h= last week classes H attend
J=Ò_^ ?
3.
Weren't you attending the classes last

week ?
J`_ JC_ h help KO_^?
Wasn't he helping you then ?
4. ~u WH_ =~O _Ò_^ ?

5.
Wasn't it raining here last night ?

"~ J C _ D house H rent pay
KO_^ ?
6.
49
Weren't they paying rent for this house

then ?
x# buses u~QÒ_^ ?
Weren't the buses plying yesterday ?
7. J` _ last
KO_^?
year job
H O
try
Wasn't he trying for a job last year ?
8. P" last year Maths H

fO@O_^ ?
coaching
Wasn't she taking coaching for Maths

last year ?
9. J`_ JC_ programmes participate

KO_^ ?
Wasn't he participating in programmes
then ?
10. "~ WO`=O^ g study classes

x~O_^ ?
Weren't they conducting study classes
to you previously ?
11. h= WO`=O^ D
refer KO_^ ?
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
book
ZO^
Why weren't you refering to this book

previously ?
g~ WO`=O^ D course ZO^
x~O_^ ?
Why weren't you conducting this

course previously ?
J` _ last year ZO^ job
KO_^?
Why wasn't he doing job last year ?

P" WO`=O^ medicines ZO^
fO@O_^?
Why wasn't she taking medicines

previously ?
g~ J C _ grammar ZO^
<~O@O_^?
Why weren't you learning grammar

then?
J`_ JC_ money ZO^ save
KO_^ ?
Why wasn't he saving money then ?

P" JC_ g D subject ZO^
teach KO_^ ?
Why wasn't she teaching you this
subject then ?
g~ JC_ games ZO^ practise
KO_^ ?
Why weren't you practising games

then ?
19. J` _ J C _ h =@ ZO^
qO@O_@O^ ?
Why wasn't he listening to your words
then ?
20. "~ x# JC_ ZO^ Ò _

^ ?
Why weren't they encouraging you
then ?
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE

1. h= x# P time JH_ x|_
=O_^?
2. g~ last year D books follow
J=Ò_^ ?
3. P" x# notes "O_@O^ ?
4. "~ WO` =O^ D problem face
KO_^ ?
5. J`_ last year job KO_^ ?
6. h= last week duty H attend J=Ò_
^ ?
7. P" last year D college K^=
Ò_^ ?
8. "~ WO` =O^ D town
x=tO_^ ?
9. g~ WO` =O^ D scooter ZO^
use KO_^ ?
10. J`_ last year job HO ZO^ try
KO_^ ?
11. "~ h JC_ salary ZO^ pay
KO_^ ?
12. h= last week library H ZO^
=O_^ ?
13. g~ JC_ J`x O ZO^
H~Ò_^ ?
14. x# buses ZO^ u~QÒ_^ ?
15. g~ JC_ accounts ZO^ maintain
KO_@O^?
Z
Ability is poorman's wealth.
50
: 94406 16425
REVISION
=#= D ~A Uq <~<= ?
D~A =#= =# Spoken English Course "Was/Were + Verb + 'ing'
form" QiOz <~<=. nxx grammar Past Continiuous Tense JO\~. nx
1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form 4. Negative Question Form
1.
POSITIVE FORM :
QÒx XH ==#O^ XH~ continuous Q K

O _# XH xx QiOz
zOK@ ''was / were + Verb + 'ing' form" LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. I was reading this novel last night.

2. We were traveling in the train last night.
3. She was suffering from malaria last month.
2.
NEGATIVE FORM :
QÒx XH ==#O^ XH~ continuous Q KO_x XH xx QiOz

zOK@ "was /were + not + Verb + 'ing' form" LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. I was not using this scooter then.

2. We were not attending the classes last week.
3. She was not staying in our house then.
3.
QUESTION FORM :
QÒx XH ==#O^ XH~ continuous Q K

O _# XH xx QiOz
tOK@# zOK@ "Was /Were + Verb+'ing' for m' LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. Were you suffering from a fever last week ?

2. Was it raining here yesterday ?
3. Were they helping you then ?
4.
QÒx XH ==#O^ XH~ continuous Q KO_x XH xx

QiOz negative sense tOK@# zOK@ "Wasn't /Weren't + Verb
+ 'ing' form" LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. Weren't you waiting for us yesterday ?

2. Wasn't he studying in this college last year ?
3. Weren't they coming here then ?
51
: 94406 16425

I Form
II Form
III Form
81.
Accompany
accompanied
accompanied
82.
Accumulate
accumulated
accumulated
83
Accuse
accused
accused
84
Accustom
accustomed
accustomed
85
Achieve
achieved
achieved
86
Act
acted
acted
87
Add
added
added
88
Addict
addicted
addicted
89
Address
addressed
addressed
90
Adjust
adjusted
adjusted
91.
Admire
admired
admired
92.
Adopt
adopted
adopted
93.
Adore
adored
adored
94.
Advise
advised
advised
95.
Affix
affixed
affixed
96.
Adulterate
adulterated
adulterated
97.
Advertise
advertised
advertised
98.
Agree
agreed
agreed
99.
Aim
aimed
aimed
100.
Alight
alighted
alighted
D ~A
Meaning
"O@`_Q =K@
_@@
xO^"@
J"@_@
kOK@
#\OK@
H@
^~"@K@
OkOK@
iK@
"KH#@
^`` fH#@
P~kOK@
WK
JO\OK
HbK@
H\OK@
XCH#@
Qi@@, H=
HOkH kQ@

Z
52
Appear like a winner evenif you lose.
: 94406 16425
FUTURE CONTINUOUS
=#= Hx # q+` x HO`HO continuous Q KO^=. P #
q+` "^ HO`H= H KH= continuous Q [~Q Ò_#. W
q+` K
O _ XH xx QiOz W`~ zOK KO^=.
<# WH #Oz ~Q~Q classes

[~=Ò\#.
"~ WH#Oz =#` HiO\~.
"= =K< holidays = =i

Q_Ò\=.
J`_ WH#Oz =#` stay K O \_.
D "H= q+` continuous Q KO_ ## zOKK#q.

H q+` x =i W`~ ==#O^# # =#= H "~H~ continuous Q K O _
XH xx zOK@
"Will + be + Verb + ing form " LyOK=#.
*
J# ^xx 'Future' 'Be' form JO^~.

"H= subject - Singular, Plural U^## "will + be + ing form " =K#.
Note : 'Be'
EXAMPLES
1.
< # WH # Oz
KO\#.
sincere
Q x
2.
I will be working sincerely hereafter.

"= =K< = Ti stay
3.
We will be staying at our village next

month.
= sister next year university
4.
My sister will be studying in the

university next year.
J` _ WH #Oz =# help
5.
He wil be helping us hereafter.

"~ next month sH prepare
KO\=.
K^=` LO@Ok.
KO\_.
J=Ò\~.
They will be preparing for the

examinations next month.
53
6. < # WH #Oz =
\ O \#.
uncle advice
7.
I will be following my uncle's advice

hereafter.
"= WH#Oz ~Q~Q rent pay
8.
We will be paying rent regularly

hereafter.
= brother P.G. `~"` job H try
9.
10.
KO\=.
KO\_.
My brother will be trying for a job after

his P.G.
=K< "~ teacher post
interviews x~O\~.
They will be conducting the interviews
for the teacher posts next month.
<# WH#Oz u~A new words
<~O@O\#.
I will be learning new words every day

hereafter.
11. "= WH #Oz D

KO\=.
new vehicle use
We will be using this new vehicle

hereafter.
12. = father
KO\~.
next year business
My father will be doing business next

year.
13. P" WH#Oz homeopathic medicines

fO@Ok.
She will be taking Homeopathic
medicines hereafter.
14. "~ WH g^@ strict Q

maintian KO\~.
accounts
They will be maintaining the accounts

strictly hereafter.
15. " = WH # Oz
Ò\=.
J=
rules follow
We will be following the rules

hereafter.
16. = sister next year M.Phil K O @Ok.

My sister will be doing M.Phil next
year.
17. "~ WH g^@ u"~O

x~O\~.
tests
They will be conducting tests every

week hereafter.
18. <# WH#Oz diary "O\#.

I will be writing diary hereafter.
19. "= =K"~O

KO\=.
Chemistry practicals
We will be doing Chemistry practicals

next week.
20. <# WH#Oz money save K O \#.

I will be saving money hereafter.
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE

1. <# WH#Oz h `~K
Q @~ "
LO\#.
2. "= next two months D game Q
practise KO\=.
3. = brother WH#Oz < ^Q~ LO\_.
4. P" ~ D time H WH_ =O @Ok.
5. =# Maths teacher ~ , =~<_ =#
doubts clarify KO\~.
6. WH #Oz <# Z\H
C _ h inform
KO\#.
7. =K < JO` =Y=O u Zx H
K
~O O\~.
8. =K <Q O=`~= = cousin
Madras Engineering KO\_.
9. <# WH#Oz Z=Q G.K. books
refer KO\#.
10. "~ ~ =#HO JH_ Z^~
KO\~.
11. WH g^@ D mill Q xKO@Ok.
12. =K <O` "~ H` F@~ list `
~
KO\~.
13. D course <# x# guide KO
\#.
14. "= ~ D time H Bangalore K~
O@O\=.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
54
: 94406 16425
NEGATIVE FORM
XHHi =#= q+` x XH == #O^ XH~
KO_x XH xx QiOz zOKKO^=.
<# WH P HOh work K#.

J`_ =K O=`~O WH_ K^= _.
J
J
J
J
continuous
"= WH J`x P^~_ = .

P" WH WH_ stay K^.
"H= q+` x XH ==#O^ XH~ continuous Q K

O _ ##
zOKK#q.
D qÔQ q+` x XH == #O^ J#Q ~ , =K" ~O, =K< , =K O=`~O

H q+`x =iW`~ == #O^## =#= H "~H~ continuous Q
KO_x XH xx QiOz W`~ zOK@
" Will not + be + Verb + 'ing' form" LyOK =#.
*
Note :
"H=
subject - Singular, Plural
U^#
# " will not + be + 'ing' form" L
yOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1.
<# WHg^@ D ~@ K #.
I will not be committing this mistake
hereafter.
2. "= WH#Oz
work delay K=.

We will not be delaying the work
hereafter.
3. = brother =K O=`~O D
K_.
job
My brother wil not be doing this job

next year.
4. P" WH #Oz =# WO\ H ~^ .

She will not be coming to our house
hereafter.
5. "~ WH #Oz J`x q+O *HO

KH~.
They will not be interefering in his
matter hereafter.
55
6. <# =K O=`~O
K#.
hostel
stay
I willnot be staying in the hostel next

year.
7. " = WH #Oz D
J==.
books follow
We will not be following these books

hereafter.
8. <# WH g^@ J`xH
help K#.
I will not be helping him hereafter.
9. J`_ WH =# money O_.

He will not be sending us money
hereafter.
10. " = WH Jx O H~ = .
We will not be seeking his help
hereafter.
11. <# WH #Oz J`x`
move H#.
I will not be moving with him hereafter.
12. N H~ }xk WH g^@ ~[H

K~Q #~.
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE
Sri Karunanidhi will not be

participating in politics actively
hereafter.
1.
<# WH #Oz \.q. P programme

K_#.
=K ~ O_
O=`~ H<` =K P_^ .
2.
"= WH #Oz class H late Q ~=.
3.
<# WH#Oz J|^=_#.
4.
J`_ WH#Oz "iO\H "_.
14. <# WH#Oz D vehicle use K#.
5.
P" WH #Oz D medicine fH^.
I will not be using this vehicle

hereafter.
6.
"~ =K < U
x~OK~.
7.
<# WH J`x \OK#.
8.
"= WH "iH co-operate K=.
9.
J`_ =K
O =`~O studies continue
K_.
13.
Indian Cricket Team
The Indian Cricket Team will not be

playing matches against Pakistan next
two years.
15. "= WH #Oz work neglect K =.

We will not be neglecting the work
hereafter.
16.
`= WH g^@ D
J=~K^.
scheme
The government will not be

implementing this scheme hereafter.
17. < # WH J` x ` O K #.
I will not be making friends with him
hereafter.
18. "~ WH D
town x=tOK ~ .
They will not be living in this town
hereafter.
19. ~" QOQb next test series team

x lead K_.
Sourab Ganguly will not be leading
the team in the next test series.
20. <# next month < holidays waste

K# .
10. "~ WH#Oz P

deposit K~.
programmes
bank amount
11. <# WH P shop Ug H##.

12. "~ WH P Hr donations =
K~.
13. "= WH D q+ O risk fH=.
14. <# WH P night duty K#.
15. ~O` D line trains #_==.
I will not be wasting my holidays next

month.
Slow and steady wins the race.
Z
56
: 94406 16425
QUESTION FORM
XHHi =#= q+` x XH ==#O^ XH~ continuous Q K#
xx QiOz tOKKO^=.
P" next year university

K^=Ò@O^?
=#= WH#Oz English =\_^=?
J
J
J
J
"~ WH#Oz regular Q H

[~=Ò\~?
<# ~ D text book refer K O _^?
"H= q+` x XH == #O^ XH~

## tOK@# zOKK#q.
continuous
Q K=O_
D qÔQ q+` x XH ==#O^ ~ , =K" ~O, =K< , =K O=`~O H

q+` x =iW`~ ==#O^# # =#= H "~H~ K O _ XH xx t OK@
" Shall / Will + be + Verb + 'ing' form" LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=
I, We - Subject Q =#_ 'Shall',
You, He, She, It, They - Subject Q =#_ 'Will' LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1.
<# WH_ W`x` =\_Ò_^?
7.
Shall I be talking to him here?
2.
3.
=#= O` Q <\ ` ~
KO^= ?
Shall we be preparing the notes of our

own ?
h= next year job HO u
Will the Cheif-minister be discussing

with the party leaders tomorrow?
8.
Will you be trying for a job next year?
5.
6.
57
J`_ WH#Oz =#`< LO\_?
Will he be staying with us hereafter?

P" ~ D time `# \#~A
celebrate K O@ LO@O^?
Will she be celebrating her birthday
at this time tomorrow ?
"~ D ~O_ < final sH H~
prepare J=` LO\~?
Will they be preparing for the final
examinations these two months?
g~ WH#Oz
u
Pk"~O
q<~
x~O\~?
Will you be conducting seminars
every Sunday hereafter?
O\"?
4.
=Y=Ou ~ s <`
KiO\~?
9.
"~ WH # Oz
\ O \~?
strict
rules
Will they be following the rules strictly

hereafter?
10. Next series _ Dravid team x
lead KO\_?
Will Dravid be leading the team in
the next series also?
EXERCISE
'Wh' QUESTIONS
11. D =
KO^=?
=#=
Uq
What shall we be doing these

holidays?
12.
<# ~ hHO ZH_ wait KO_k?

Where shall I be waiting for you
tomorrow?
13.
=#= =K< U
J=Ò^=?
subject prepare
Which subject shall we be preparing

next month?
14.
WH # Oz g "~ O Z=~
KO\~?
Who will be looking after your
business hereafter ?
15.
"~ =K< ZH_ xKO\~?

Where will they be working next
month?
16. h= WH # Oz ZO`
KO\=?
salary draw
Howmuch salary will you be drawing

herfeafter?
17. "~ JH _ Zx ~A tH }
O^Ò\~?
Howmany days will they
undergoing training there?
18. ~ JH _ x x Z=~
KO\~?
: 94406 16425
be
supervise
Who will be supervising the work

there tomorrow?
19. g~ D = Z Q_Ò\~?
How will you be spending these
holidays?

1. <# OÒ =~ D letters type
KO_^ ?
2. =#= WH#Oz morning class
attend J=^=?
3. h= WH # Oz D medicine
fO\"?
4. g~ =K < aH sH "
O \~?
5. J` _ WH # Oz sincere Q
xKO\_?
6. "~ WH # Oz D vehicle use
KO\~?
7. h= WH#Oz u< money save
KO\"?
8. P" next year S.V. x=i\
M.Phil KO@O^?
9. "~ WH#Oz business accounts
maintain KO\~?
10. WO@~ q^~ =K "~O practicals
KO\~?
11. Ju^ =#= U~@ ZH_
KO^=?
12. <# WH#Oz regular Q WH_
=O_^?
13. g~ =K O =` ~ O ZH _
K^=Ò\~?
14. x# D course Z=~ guide
KO\~?
15. =K "q = g~ Uq
<~O\~?
20. h JH_ Z=~ O K O \~?

Who will be helping you there ?
Be good, Do good.
Z
58
: 94406 16425

XHHi =#= W`~ ` =\_ K#C _ q+` XH~
h= WH#Oz night meal fH" ?

J`_ WH #Oz =#` move J=_ ?
J
J
J
J
continuous
g~ WH #Oz P WO\ x=O_~ ?

P" WH#Oz college K^=_ ?
"H= q+` K
O _x XH xx QiOz
t
OK@# zOKK#q.
D q^=Q q+` x XH ==#O^ ~ , =K" ~O, =K <, =K O=`~O H

q+` x =i W`~ == #O^# # XH~ continuous Q KO_x XH xx
QiOz negative sense tOK@# zOK@
"Shalln't/Won't + be + Verb + "ing" form LyOK=#.
*
Note :
Q L#C_ 'Shalln't be' =K#.

You, He, She, It, They > Subject Q L#C_ 'Won't be' =K#.
I, We > Subject
EXAMPLES
1. h= next year
K^=Ò_" ?
college
Won't you be studying in this college

next year ?
2. g~ WH D town x=tOK~ ?
3. J`_ WH WH_ ~_ ?
P
Shalln't I be waiting for you there

tomorrow?
Won't they be organizing this firm
hereafter ?
8. h= WH g^@ J`x` move J=" ?
Won't he be coming here hereafter?

year
wait
7. "~ WH P O# x~OK~ ?
Won't you be living in this town

hereafter ?
4. J` _ next
xK_?
6. < # ~ h H O JH _
KO_=^?
college
Won't he be working in that college next

year ?
5. P" WH WH_ LO_^ ?

Won't she be staying here hereafter ?
Won't you be moving with him

hereafter?
9. P# WH politics #_ ?
Won't he be participating in politics
hereafter ?
10. =#= WHg^@ "iH

=^?
help
KO_
Shalln't we be helping them hereafter?

59
: 94406 16425
'Wh' QUESTIONS
EXERCISE
11. P" next year studies ZO^ continue

K^?
Why won't she be continueing her

studies next year ?
12. J`_ h JH_ ZO^ Hi

O__ ?
Why won't he be co-operating with
you there ?
13. g~ WH#Oz J`x ZO^

\OK~ ?
14.
Why won't you be following his advice

hereafter ?
P# WHg^@ elections ZO^
\ KO_~ ?
16.
Why won't he be contesting in the

elections hereafter ?
"~ =#H WH ZO^ help K~ ?
Why won't they be helping us
hereafter?
=K< g~ H ZO^ attend
17.
Why won't you be attending the

classes next month ?
"~ WHg^@ P business ZO^
18.
Why won't they be doing that business

hereafter ?
J` _ WH g ^ @ P job ZO^
15.
J=Ò_~ ?
KO_~ ?
KO__?
Why won't he be doing that job

hereafter ?
19. "~ WHg^@ H` L^Q ZO^

recruit KO_~ ?
20.
Why won't they be recruiting the new

jobs hereafter ?
g~ WH # Oz D crop ZO^
O_O _~ ?
1. h= WH #Oz g brother H money

OÒ_" ?
2. g~ WHg^@ "iH material supply
KO_~ ?
3. J`_ next year =#` stay K
O __?
4. P" WH#Oz medicines fH^ ?
5. "~ WH #Oz taxes = K~?
6. g~ WH D old vehicle use K
O _~?
7. Ganguly WH One-day matches
P_Ò__ ?
8. P" WH `q x= #\OK^ ?
9. "~ WH =# q+ O *H O
KH~?
10. P" WH #Oz =# WO\ ZO^
LO_^ ?
11. J`_ WH #Oz WH_ ZO^~_?
12. "~ WH #Oz =#` ZO^
xK~ ?
13. h= next week duty H ZO^ attend
J== ?
14. g~ WH#Oz P shop ==
ZO^ H#~ ?
15. "~ WH #Oz programmes ZO^
x~O_~ ?
Why won't they be growing this crop

hereafter ?
Z
The harder you work, the luckier you get.
60
: 94406 16425
REVISION
=#= D ~A Uq <~<= ?
D~A =#= =# Spoken English Course ''Will + be + verb + 'ing' form"
QiOz <~<=. nxx grammar Future Continuous Tense JO\~.
nx 1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form 4. Negative
Question Form J# 4 parts <~ <=. D 4 parts XHi revise K O^=.
1.
POSITIVE FORM :
q+` x XH ==#O^ XH~ Continuous Q K=O_ XH xx

QiOz zOK@ ''will + be + Verb + 'ing' form LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. I will be helping you hereafter.

2. We will be writing examinations next month.
3. He will be doing job next year .
2.
NEGATIVE FORM :
q+` x XH ==#O^ XH~ continuous Q KO_x XH xx

QiOz zOK@ "will +not + be+ Verb + 'ing' form" LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. I willnot be wasting my time hereafter.

2. We will not be coming here hereafter.
3. They will not be doing this business hereafter.
3.
QUESTION FORM :
q+` x XH ==#O^ XH~ continuous Q KO_= XH xx

QiOz tOK@# zOK@ "Shall / Will + be + Verb+'ing' form'
LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. Shall I be refering to this book ?

2. Shall we be making arrangements tomorrow ?
3. Will they be living in Hyderabad hereafter ?
4.
q+` x XH ==#O^ XH~ continuous Q KO_x XH xx

QiOz negative sense tOK@# zOK@ "Shalln't / Won't + be +
Verb + 'ing' form" LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. Shalln't we be using this vehicle hereafter ?

2. Won't you be working here next year ?
3. Won't they be supplying us the material hereafter ?
61
: 94406 16425

I Form
II Form
III Form
101.
allot
alloted
alloted
102.
allow
allowed
allowed
103.
alter
altered
altered
104.
amaze
amazed
amazed
105.
amuse
amused
amused
106.
annoy
annoyed
annoyed
107.
anticipate
anticipated
anticipated
108.
apologize
apologized
apologized
109.
appeal
appealed
appealed
110.
appear
appeared
appeared
111.
appland
applanded
applanded
112.
apply
applied
applied
113.
appoint
appointed
appointed
114.
appreciate
appreciated
appreciated
115.
approach
approached
approached
116.
approve
approved
approved
117.
argue
argued
argued
118.
arrange
arranged
arranged
119.
arrest
arrested
arrested
120.
arrive
arrived
arrived
D ~A
Meaning
qlOz WK
J#=uOK
=~
kQ = HeyOK
O`+@
_OK
=O^Q TOK
H=} J_Q@
=#q KH#
H#|_
"KH#@
W=x J_Q@
xqOK@
"KH#@
gOK@
J#=OuOK@
"kOK@
H=~K@
M^K@
=K@

Z
62
Think like a man of action, act like a man of thought.
: 94406 16425
PRESENT PERFECT
=#= Hx # WC_ (just) KO^=. Hx # WO` =O^
=\_K# ==# (already) KO^=. XHH i W`~`
=\_K#C_ XH~ XH xx WO` =~, W\ =~ (sofar) Zx ~ K#
n
zOKKO^=.
<# just WC_ J`xx He#.

"= D "~ just WC_ q<=.
J
J
"H= just WC_ Hx,

zOKK#q.
J
J
"= already exam fee pay K=.

"~ W\=~ D "~O 20 files clear K<~.
already
WO` =O^C_ Hx iK# ##
D q^=Q (i) just WC_ i K# xx zOK@, (ii) XH Yz`"# ==#

zOH already WO`=O^C_ i K# xx zOK@ =i (iii) =#=
=\_K# == =~ (sofar) XH xx Zx~ K# k zOK@
"Have / Has + III form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note :
"H=
Subject - I, We, You, They, J~#C_ 'have' =K#.

Subject - He, She, It J~#C_ 'has' =K#.
EXAMPLES
1.
<# just WC_ D

<#.
letter receive
I have received this letter justnow.
2. "= just WC_ lunch f<=.

We have taken lunch justnow.
3. = father just WC_ |@ "~.

My father has gone out justnow.
She has just woken up.

Pinakini Express just WC_ =z#k.
The Pinakini Express has arrived just
now.
6. < # just W C _ J` x H
O#.
message
I have sent him the message justnow.

63
money pay
We have paid him money justnow.
8. = brother
=K_.
just
WC_
office
#Oz
My brother has come from office just

now.
9. <# already < application form submit

K#.
4. P" just WC_ x^ zOk.

5.
7. "= just WC_ J`xH

K=.
I have already submitted my

application form.
10. " = already D q+ O XH

x~O f<=.
We have already taken a decision in
this matter.
11. = brother already computer course

i K_.
My brother has already completed the
computer course.
12. = sister already visa apply K#

k.
My sister has already applied for the
VISA.
13. "~ already meeting U~@ K

<~.
They have already made the
arrangements for the meeting.
14. <# already P movie K#.

Principal
consult
We have already consulted the

Principal.
16. = lecturers
K~.
already syllabus
Our lecturers have already completed

the syllabus.
17. < # already =

"<#.
father
EXERCISE

1. <# just WC_ lunch f<#.
2. "= just WC_ D "~ q<=.
3. = |
^~ just WC_ < phone K_.
4. P" just WC_ D item `
~ KO k.
5. "~ just W C _
aOz<~.
programme
~O
6. <# already text books Jh H<#.
I have already seen that movie.
15. "= already

J~<=.
: 94406 16425
letter
I have already written a letter to my

father.
18. <# W\= ~ _b 4 ~ visit K#.

I have visited Delhi four times sofar.
19. z < > O _ ~ W \ = ~ 364

oneday matches P_<_.
Sachin Tendulkar has played 364
oneday matches so far.
20. O_=i W\=

~ 60
Q #=
"<~.
7. "= already "iH D q+ O inform

K=.
8. J`_ already bill pay K_.
9. P" already
K#k.
certificates receive
10. "~ already tickets book K~.

11. < # W \ = ~ D course
15 classes H attend J~<#.
12. "= W\=~ ~. 10,000 =
K<=.
13. =#= W\=~ 200 H.g }O
K<=.
14. = English lecturer W \ = ~
4 poems teach K<~.
15. J` _ WO` = ~ studies H O
~. 50,000 Y~ K<_.
Yandamuri has written more than 60

novels so far.
Make hay while the sun shines.
Z
64
: 94406 16425
NEGATIVE FORM
XHHi =#= =\_ K# ==# WOH i K x Hx ##
QiOz W`~ zOK KO^=.
<# WOH exam. fee pay K^.

P" WOH Hr K~^.
J
J
J
J
"= WOH x~O fH^.

"~ WOH P W MmK^.
"H= =#= =\_ K# == =~ WOH, WO` =~ K x ##

zOKK#q.
D q^=Q ` = =#= =\_ K# ==# WOH# i K x XH xx

QiOz zOK@
" Have / Has + not + (yet) 'III form of the Verb" LyOK =#.
*
Note :
"H=
I, We, You, They - Subject Q

He, She, It, -
=#_ 'have'
Subject Q =#_ 'has' LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1.
< # D~A WOH

K^=^.
newspaper
I have not yet read the newspaper

today.
2. "= D < WOH

K^.
house rent pay
We have not yet paid the house rent

this month.
3. = brother WOH degree iK

^ .
My brother has not yet completed his
degree.
4. P" WOH ==# party H PxOK

^.
She has not yet invited us to the party.
5.
65
Pinakini Express WOH ~^.

The Pinakini Express has not yet
arrived.
6. <# J`x letterH reply WOH W=^.

I have not yet given reply to his letter.
7. " = WOH "i` D q+ O

KiOK^.
We have not yet discussed this matter
with them.
8. g~ WOH P
K^.
bank
loan clear
You have not yet cleared the loan in

that bank.
9. "~ WOH JH_ |^~^.

They have not yet started there.
10. = father < D < WOH

O^.
money
My father has not yet sent me money

this month.
11. P" WOH

K^.
application form submit
She has not yet submitted her

application form.
12. "~ WOH programme ~OaOK^ .

They have not yet commenced the
programme.
13. < # WOH

JO^H^.
appointment orders
I have not yet received the

appointment orders.
14. " = WOH

K^.
function
H U~@
We have not yet made

arrangements for the function.
the
15. <# WO` =~ Delhi visit K^.

I have not visited Delhi sofar.
16. "= WO`=~ D H~ XH H

_ miss H^.
We have not missed a class in this
course sofar.
17. J`_ WO` =~ XH interview _

attend H^.
He has not attended an interview
sofar.
18. < # WO` =~ W@=O\ =H x

K_^.
I have not seen such a person sofar.
19. "= WO`=~ J`xx H=^.

We have not met him sofar.
20. "~ WO` =~ XH programme _

x~OK^.
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE

1. <# WOH text books H#^.
2. "= WOH journey H tickets book
K^.
3. P" WOH iQ HH^.
4. = father WOH office #O_ uiy
~^.
5. "~ WOH D ~A shop `~=^.
6. <# WOH sH English subject
prepare H^.
7. "= WOH function H ready J=^.
8. x=i\ WOH _w e ` H \
O K
^.
9. Government WOH ordinance pass
K^.
10. "~ WOH bank #Oz money
withdraw K^.
11. <# WO`=~ =# C.M. Speech
q#^.
12. " = WO` = ~ J` x O
H~^.
13. J`_ WO`=~ XH sH _ pass
H^.
14. P" WO`=~ XH meeting H _
[~H^.
15. "~ WO`=~ XH instalment _
pay K^.
They have not conducted any

programme sofar.
Prevention is better than cure.
Z
66
: 94406 16425
QUESTION FORM
XHHi =#= XH~ (just) WC_ Qx, (already) WO`=O^C_ Qx, (ever)
ZC_< Qh H XHxx (sofar) W\=
~ Zx~ K#
k
t
OKKO^=.
J
J
h= just WC_ OK f<"?

g~ already bill pay K<~?
J
J
J`_ ZC_< h O K<_?

h= W\=~ Zx H [~ J~<= ?
"H= =#= =\_ K# ==# WC_, WO` =O^C _, ZC_<

,
XH~ K# ## tOK@# zOKK#q.
D qÔQ =#= =\_K# ==# just W C _ Qx, already

WO`=O^C_Qx, ever ZC_< Qx sofar WO`=~, W\=~ XH~ i K# XH
xx QiOz tOK@# zOK@ ('just now', 'already', 'ever', 'sofar')
" Have / Has + 'III form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=
I, We, You, They - Subject Q =#_ 'Have'
He, She, It, - Subject Q =#_ 'Has' LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1.
letter receive
6. g~ already D q+ O KiOz<~?
Have you received this letter just now?
Have you already discussed this

matter?
h= just W C _ D
K<"?
2. g~ just W C _ D x x i
K<~?
Have you finished this work just now?
3. g father just WC_ P "o<~?

Has your father just gone to office?
4. h=
already exam fee pay K<"?

Have you already paid the exam fee?
5. g brother
<_?
already P.G.
i K
Has your brother already completed

his P.G. ?
67
7. h= Z C _ < P Q
visit K < "?

Have you ever visited Agra?
8. g~ ZC_< `q<_ ZH
}OK<~?
Have you ever travelled by the
Tamilnadu Express?
9. P" ZC_< q=# "iO\H

PxOz#^?
Has she ever invited you to her house?
10. "~ ZC_<

D \ x<~?
Have they ever participated in these
competitions?
: 94406 16425
'Wh' QUESTIONS
EXERCISE
11. h= W\=
~ Zx ~ interview H
attend J~<=?
12.
1. h= Hl #O_ just WC_ =z<"?

2. g~ just WC_ WH_ =z<~ ?
3. J` _ already Govt. job Ok
<_?
4. P" already English Grammar <~Hx
#^?
5. "~ Z C _ < D problem face
K<~?
6. h= ZC_< D item taste K<"?
7. <Hh ZH just WC_ "o~#^?
8. "~ programme just WC_ commence
K<~?
9. h= already D news qx<"?
10. g brother already training iK
<_?
11. h= W\=~ D movie Zx~
K=?
12. J`_ W\=~ studies ZO`
Y~K<_?
13. =#= W\=~ Zx Hg@~
}O K<=?
14. P" W \ = ~ Zx letters type
K#k?
15. "~ WO`=~ Zx H~ O}
K<~?
Howmany times have you attended

the interview sofar?
g~ W\=~ Zx instalments pay
K<~?
Howmany intalments have you paid

sofar ?
13. D < W\=~ h= ZO` _|

Y~ K<=?
14.
15.
Howmuch money have you spent this

month sofar ?
g maths lecturer W \ = ~ Zx
chapters complete K<~?
Howmany chapters has your Maths
lecturer completed sofar ?
q.q.. H} W\=~ one day
matches Zx OKs K<_ ?
Howmany centuries has VVS Laxman
made in one-day matches sofar ?
16. N O_=i W\=~ Zx #=

"<_ ?
18.
Howmany novels has Yandamuri

written sofar?
"~ W\=~ OH ZO` amount
deposit K<~ ?
Howmuch amount have they
diposited in the bank sofar ?
h= W\ =~ Delhi Zx~ visit
19.
Howmany times have you visited

Delhi sofar ?
"~ W\=~ Zx |H publish
17.
K<= ?
K<~ ?
Howmany books have they published

sofar ?
20. W\=
~ P# Zx~ ZxH
\K~ ?
Howmany times has he contested in
the elections sofar ?
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
68
: 94406 16425

XHHi =#= =\_ K# ==# WOH K x XH xx QiOz
h= WOH fee pay K^ ?

g brother WOH duty K~^ ?
J
J
J
J
g~ WOH orders JO^H^ ?

P" WOH office #Oz ~^ ?
"H= ` ==# WOH# Kx XH xx QiOz tOK@#

zOKK#q.
D q^=Q =#=Qx, "~H~ Qx =#= =\_ K# ==# WOH( yet ) K x

XH xx QiOz negative sense tOK@# zOK@
"Haven't / Hasn't + III form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note :
"H=
Subject 'I' , We, You, They J~#C_ 'Haven't ' =K#.

He, She, It J~#C_ 'Hasn't' =K#.
EXAMPLES
1. h= WOH lunch fH^ ?
Haven't you yet taken lunch ?
2. g~ WOH D < rent pay K^?

Haven't you yet paid house rent this
month ?
3. J`_ WOH x^=^ ?

interview
Haven't you faced even one

interview sofar ?
5.
69
Train WOH ~^ ?
Hasn't the train yet arrived ?
Haven't they yet taken a decision

in this matter ?
7. g~ WO`=~
Delhi visit K^?

Haven't you yet visited Delhi sofar?
8. J`_ WOH job O^^ ?
Hasn't he yet woke up ?
4. h= WO`=~ XH
face K^ ?
6. "~ WOH D q+= decision

fH^?
Hasn't he yet got a job ?
9. P" WOH degree i K^ ?

Hasn't she yet completed her
degree ?
10. P" WOH college join J=^ ?

Hasn't she yet joined college ?
,
'Wh' QUESTIONS
11. h= WOH
books ZO^ H#^ ?

Why haven't you yet bought books?
12. g~ WOH D q+ O ZO^ discuss
K^ ?
Why haven't you yet discussed this
matter ?
13. J`_ WOH D < salary ZO^ draw
K^ ?
Why hasn't he yet drawn his salary
this month ?
14. P" WOH "ix party H ZO^ invite
K^ ?
Why hasn't she yet invited them to
the party?
15. Train WOH ZO^ |^~^ ?
Why hasn't the train yet departed ?
16. "~ WOH P house ZO^ vacate
K^?
Why haven't they yet vacated that
house ?
17. g~ P loan WOH ZO^ clear
K^ ?
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE

1. h= WOH exam fee pay K^ ?
2. g~ WOH Jx
J=^?
sujects prepare
3. J`_ WOH office #Oz uiy ~^?

4. P" WOH items `~ K^ ?
5. "~ WOH shop open K^ ?
6. =~O WOH PQ^ ?
7. g~ WOH
H^ ?
new house
8. h= WOH D <
K^ ?
xH
shift
report submit
9. g father D < h WOH

O^ ?
money
10. J`_ WOH orders JO^H#^ ?

11. h= WOH duty ZO^ K~^ ?
Why haven't you yet cleared that

loan ?
18. "~ WOH WH_H ZO^ ~^ ?

Why haven't they yet come here ?
19. J`_ WOH D ~A office H ZO^
"^ ?
Why hasn't he yet gone to office
today ?
20. P" WOH D < doctor x ZO^
consult H^ ?
Why hasn't she yet consulted the
doctor this month ?
12. g~ WOH P
K^ ?
work
ZO^
finish
13. J`_ WOH ZO^ licence

apply K^ ?
14. P" WOH ZO^ ready J=^ ?
15. "~ WOH P book ZO^ publish
K^ ?
Don't try to master too many things.
70
: 94406 16425
REVISION
=#= D ~A Uq <~<= ?
D~A =#= =# Spoken English Course 'Have' or 'Has' + III form of the
Verb QiOz <~<=. nxx grammar Present Perfect Tense JO\~.
1.
POSITIVE FORM :
=#= =\ _ K # = =# just W C _ Hh, already WO`

=O^C_Hx H sofar WO`=~ XH xx Zx ~ K#
n zOK@
"have' or 'has' + III form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
Ex :
1.I have bought this purse justnow.2. We have already paid the bill.
3. He has written two books sofar. 4. She has already completed the course.
2.
NEGATIVE FORM :
=#= =\_K# ==# WOH (yet) i Kx XH xx QiOz

zOK@ "havenot / hasnot + III form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
Ex :
3.
1. I have not yet met him.
2. We have not yet taken lunch.
3. She hasnot yet recovered.
4. They havenot yet taken a decision.
QUESTION FORM :
=#= =\ _ K # = =# just W C _ H h, already WO`

=O^C _Hh, ever ZC_<
Hh, sofar WO`=~ XH xx Zx~, ZO`=~
K#n QiOz tOK@# zOK@
"Have / Has + III form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. Have you finished this work just now? 2. Have you ever visited this place?
3. Has he ever helped you? 4.Have you appeared for the test two times sofar?
4.
=#= =\_K# ==# WOH (yet) iKx XH xx QiOz

negative sense tOK@# zOK@ "Haven't / Hasn't + III form of
the Verb" LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. Haven't you yet seen the new movie ? 2. Hasn't he yet got a job ?
3. Hasn't she yet gone to college ?
71
4. Haven't they yet paid the bill ?
: 94406 16425

I Form
II Form
III Form
121.
ascend
ascended
ascended
122.
ask
asked
asked
123.
assemble
assembled
assembled
124.
assist
assisted
assisted
125.
associate
associated
associated
126.
assume
assumed
assumed
127.
assure
assured
assured
128.
astomish
astomished
astomished
129.
attach
attached
attached
130.
attack
attacked
attacked
131.
attain
attained
attained
132.
attempt
attempted
attempted
133.
attend
attended
attended
134.
attest
attested
attested
135.
attract
attracted
attracted
136.
avoid
avoided
avoided
137.
babble
battled
battled
138.
bake
baked
baked
139.
bamish
bamished
bamished
140.
beetch
beetched
beetched
D ~A
Meaning
Z@
J_Q@
="=Q@
=K@
"=K
TOK@
gWK@
P~~K@
JO\OK@
| _, ^_K
@
O^@
uOK@
[~Q@
H =KC @
PHiOK@
x~kOK@
=^~@
~> H@
|~}K
`#@

Z
72
Fame is the perfume of heroic deeds.
: 94406 16425
PAST PERFECT
XHHi =#O XH~ QÒ i K#
~ O_ # =O^Q i J~#
XH xx QiOz zOK KO^=.
~O_ # XH~ K=O_=K H "~ "~ = K=O_=K.
J
J
J
J
<# x# WH_ =K^xH =O^, = brother # He#.

"= x# work start K =O^, "<[~ J#=u f<=.
<# camera H< =O^, ^xx Q test K#.
"= J`xx He ^xH =O^, XH x~O f<=.
"H= QÒ K# ~O_ # =O^Q i K# XH xx QiOz

zOKK#q.
D q^=Q QÒ x XH ==#O^ J#Q x#, Q`" ~O, Q`< , Q` O=`~O H

QÒx =i W`~ ==#O^## =#=Qx, "~H~Qx iK# ~O_ #
=O^Q i J~# XH xx zOK@
"Had + III form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
Note : "H=
Subject - Singular, Plural U^#
# 'had + III form of the verb' L
yOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1.
<# class H =K^xH =O^, lesson

Q prepare J~<#.
5. <# D college join J^xH

=O^ <~ Kkq<#.
I had prepared the lesson well before

I came to the class.
I had studied in Nellore before I joined

this college.
2. x# "= ~+<H " iH

"o~#k.
train
The train had left before we went to

the railway station yesterday.
3. <# degree join J^xH =O^

type <~Hx<#.
I had learned type-writing before I
joined degree.
4. x# <#
class H " iH lecturer

attendance fH<~.
The lecturer had taken the attendance
before I went to the class yesterday.
73
6.
guests JO^~ "o# `~"` J`_

rest f<_.
He took rest after the guests had gone.
7. K books refer K# `~"` J`_

XH book "_.
He wrote a book after he had refered
to many books.
8.
count K# `~"` <#

J`xH money pay K#.
I paid him money after I had counted
all the notes.
Notes
Jh
9.
: 94406 16425
Lesson teach K # ` ~ "` =

teacher notes dictate K~.
Our teacher dictated the notes after he
had taught the lesson.
10. = uncle ` discuss K# `~"`

<# "ix He#.
1. h= < K ^xH =O^ <# D

"~ qx<#.
I met them after I had discussed with

my uncle.
11. Jx U~@ K# `~"`, "= "iH

inform K=.
EXERCISE
2. J`xx "~ @H f "^xH

=O^, J`_ Kx_.
We informed them after we had made

all the arrangements.
3. <# x# interview H "^xH =O^,

D book refer K#.
12. <# WH_H =K^xH =O^, =

friends room H "#.
4. x# "= theatre xH " iH show

"^#k.
I had gone to my friend's room before

I came here.
13.
Guest serve K=O^ P" P

item taste K#k.
She had tasted the item before she
served it to the guests.
14. <# P movie K ^xH =O^ H^

Kkq<#.
I had read the story before I saw the
movie.
15. x# =~O _^xH =O^ "~ WO\H

K~<~.
They had reached home before it
rained.
16.
Camera H<^xH =O^ <# ^xx

Q test K<#.
I had tested the camera well before I
bought it.
5. x# guests =KiH "= Jx U~@

K<=.
6. <# WH_H =K^xH =O^
manager # He#.
bank
7. x# "= auditorium H "iH "~

programme
~OaOz<~.
8. "~ x iK ^xH =O^, "=
"iH _| KeOK=.
9. " = x# JH _ | ^ ~ ^xH
=O^, "iH èiz<=.
10. = brother own business start
K ^xH =O^ work Q
<~<_.
17. <# ~u WO\H "iH x^

~<~.
Children had slept before I went home
last night.
Sweet are the uses of adversity.
Z
74
: 94406 16425
NEGATIVE FORM
XHHi =#= QÒ x XH ==# zOKK P == #
WOH i Hx XH xx QiOz zOKKO^=.
<# J\H WOH degree join J=^.

"~ J\H WOH D town H shift H^.
J
J
J
J
"= J\H WOH D W H#^.

P" J\H WOH WH_ ~^.
"H= QÒx XH == =~ i Kx ##zOKK#q.
D q^=Q QÒ x XH ==# ~#K J#Q x#\ =~ , Q` "~O=~ , Q`

< =~ , Q` O=`~O =~ H QÒ x =i W`~ == =~H # # XH~ i K x
XH xx zOK@
"Had + not + (Yet) + III form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note :
"H=
Subject > Singular, Plural U^##
'had not (yet) III form' =K#.
EXAMPLES
1. <# J\H WOH D Hl K~^.
I had not yet joined this college by
then.
2. " = J \ H WOH + <

K~H#^.
We had not yet reached the station
by that time.
3. g~ J\H WOH = D q+O

è~K^.
You had not yet informed us this news
by then.
4. P" J\H WOH _H~#

H^.
consult
She had not yet consulted the doctor

by then.
5. J\H WOH =~O PQ^.

The rain had not yet stopped by then.
75
6. J` _ J \ H WOH D L^Q O
O^^.
He had not yet got this job by then.
7. <# J\H WOH D scooter H#^.

I had not yet bought this scooter by
then.
8. " = J \ H WOH D "~ O

~OaOK^ .
We had not yet started this business
by then.
9. = brother J\H WOH

KH#^.
marriage
My brother had not yet got married by

then.
10. P" J\HOH K^= i K^.

She had not yet completed her
studies by then.
11. "~ J\H WOH H~H = O ~OaOK

^.
They had not yet commenced the
programme by then.
12. J\H WOH <# x^=^.

I had not yet woken up by that time.
13. " = J \ H WOH D O #

O K^
.
We had not yet established this firm
by then.
14. J\HOH N KO^| =Y=Ou

J=^.
Sri Chandra Babu had not yet become
chief-minister by then.
15. J\HOH <# D message

JO^H^.
I had not yet received this message
by then.
16. "= J\H WOH D

K^.
house construct
We had not yet constructed this

house by then.
17. = lecturers J\H WOH syllabus

i K^.
Our lecturers had not yet completed
the syllabus by then.
18. Z< . \ . ~=~= J \ H WOH

~[HxH "tOK^.
Sri N.T. Rama Rao had not yet entered
into politics by then.
19.
`= J\H WOH D ordinance
pass K^.
The government had not yet passed
this ordinance by then.
20. "~ J\H WOH WH_ K~ H#^ .
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE

1. <# J\H WOH English grammar
<~H^.
2. "= J\H WOH lunch fH^.
3. = sister J \ H WOH M.Phil
K^.
4. J`_ J\HOH licence H apply
K^.
5. "~ J\H WOH D book publish
K^.
6. <# J\H WOH major H^.
7. "= J\H WOH D work i
K^.
8. g~ J\H WOH WH_ ~^.
9. J`_ J\H WOH VISA O^^.
10. "~ J\H WOH U.S.A. "^.
11. J\H WOH chief guest
=\_^.
12. "~ J\H WOH cards distribute
K^.
13. P" J\H WOH items `~
K^.
14. J\H WOH Manager Office H
~^.
15. J\HOH train q["_ +<H
K~H^.
They had not yet reached here by

then.
A stitch in time saves nine.
Z
76
: 94406 16425
QUESTION FORM
XHHi =#= QÒ XH~ i K#
~ O_ # =O^Q J~# xx
tOKKO^=.
x# h= JH_H " iH, "~ x ~OaOz<~ ?

h= station H K~< iH, train "o ~#^ ?
g~ JH_ | ^~=O^, "iH inform K<~ ?
h= Q=~"O\ * O^^xH =O^, D Hl xK<" ?
J
J
J
J
"H= QÒ i K#
~ O_# =O^Q i K#
xx
t
OK@#
zOKK#q.
D q^=Q QÒ x XH ==#O^ x#, Q`" ~O, Q`< , Q` O=`~O H QÒ x

=i W`~ ==#O^# # =#= H "~H~ K# ~ O_ # =O^Q iK # XH
xx t OK@
"Had + 'III form of the Verb" L
yOK =#.
*
Note :
"H=
Subject - Singular, Plural
U^## 'Had' LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1.
h= WH_H =K=
O^
consult J~<"?
manager
Had you consulted the Manager

before you came here?
2. J`xH
money pay
K=O^
notes
count K<"?
Had you counted the notes before you
paid him money?
3.
4.
77
Computer course join J =O^

course QiOz enquire K<~?
Had you enquired about the computer
course before you joined it?
letter post K=O^ h= address
check K<"?
Had you checked the address before
you posted the letter?
5. <# K^xH =O^ h= D

`<"?
news
Had you known this news before I told

you ?
6. O` "~O ~OaOK\xH =O^

h= work <~<"?
Had you learned the work before you
started your own business?
7. ~u =~O _^
xH =O^ g~ WO\H
K~<~ ?
Had you reached home before it rained
last night?
8. D x~O f< =O^ h= g

father ` discuss K" ?
Had you discussed with your father
before you took this decision?
EXERCISE
'Wh' QUESTIONS
9.
: 94406 16425
11.
Class H =K=
O^ h= ZH_H "=?
Where had you gone before you came
to the class?
D HOh join J^xH =O^
h= ZH_ work K<=?
Where had you worked before you
joined this company?
D work ~OaOK =O^ g~ Z=i
12.
Whose permission had you taken

before you started this work?
x# h= press ^Q~ "iH J`_
3. g~ station H "iH
J~#^ ?
Zx
cards O\K <_?

Howmany cards had he printed
before you went to the press?
Clinic H "=O^ Uq f<=?
What had you taken before you went
to the clinic?
4. J`_ degree complete K ^xH

=O^ type sH pass J~<_ ?
14. <# K ^xH =O^ h= D q+O

Z `<=?
6. g~ press H "i H J`_ cards print

K<_ ?
10.
13.
i+< f<~?
15.
How had you known this news before

I told you?
h= D job O^^xH =O^ h
16.
Who had helped you before you got

this job?
D H* join J^xH =O^ h=
Z=~ O K<~?
ZH_ Kkq<=?
Where had you studied before you

joined this college?
17. g~ "ix He ^xH =O^ "~

ZO` amount collect K<~?
18.
Howmuch amount had they collected

before you met them?
WH_H =K =O^ h= g father `
Uq discuss K<=?
What had you discussed with your
father before you came here?
1.
H =K =O^,
prepare J~<" ?
Class
lesson
2. JH_ |^~=O^ g~ "iH

inform K<~ ?
5. "~ =K i H g~
K<~?
train move
work finish
7. g~ D town H shift J^xH =O^

ZH_ x=tOz<~ ?
8.
K =O^ h=
work ZH_ <~<= ?
Own business start
9. h= WH_H =K=
O^ Z=ix consult
J~<= ?
10. g~ D town H shift J ^xH
=O^ Guntur Zx O=`~
x=tOz <~?
As you sow, so you reap.
Z
78
: 94406 16425

XHHi =#= QÒ x XH == =~ WOH K x XH xx QiOz
h= J\H WOH college K~^ ?

J`_ J\H WOH D job O^^ ?
J
J
J
J
g~ J\H WOH D town H shift H^?

P" J\H WOH office H "^ ?
"H= QÒ XH == =~ WOH K x XH xx QiOz

t
OK@#
zOKK#q.
D q^=Q QÒ x XH ==# KC K, P == =~ WOH J\ =~ i

Kx XH xx QiOz negative sense tOK@# zOK@
"Hadn't + III form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note :
"H=
Subject - Singular, Plural U^## 'Hadn't+III form of the Verb' =K#.
EXAMPLES
1. J\H h= WOH Inter i K^ ?
Hadn't you yet completed Intermediate
by then ?
2. J\H g~ WOH D message

JO^H^ ?
Hadn't you yet received this message

by then ?
6. J\H J`_ WOH x# H=^ ?

Hadn't he yet met you by then ?
7. J\H WOH g~ D
H^?
town
shift
Hadn't you yet shifted to this town by

then ?
3. J\H P" WOH WH_ ~^ ?
8. J@H "~ WOH

K^ ?
4. J\H "~ WOH D business start

K^ ?
9. J\H WOH h= D scooter H#^?
5. J \ H h= WOH
fH^?
10. J\H "~ WOH D house construct

K^ ?
Hadn't she yet come here by that time?
Hadn't they yet started this business

by then ?
permission
Hadn't you yet taken permission by

then?
79
function
H U~@
Hadn't they yet made arrangements for

the function by that time ?
Hadn't you yet bought this scooter by

then ?
Hadn't they yet constructed this house

by then ?
,
'Wh' QUESTIONS
11. h= J\H WOH "iH D q+O

ZO^ inform K^ ?
Why hadn't you yet informed them
this matter ?
12. g~ J \ H WOH JH _ ZO^

|^~^ ?
13.
Why hadn't you yet started there by

then ?
J`_ J\H WOH bill ZO^ pay
14.
Why hadn't he yet paid the bill by then?

P" J\H WOH ZO^ office H
15.
Why hadn't she yet gone to office by

that time ?
"~ J\H WOH P work ZO^
K^?
"^ ?
iK^ ?
Why hadn't they yet finished the work

by that time ?
16. h= J\H WOH "i` D q+O

ZO^ discuss K^ ?
18.
Why hadn't you yet discussed this

matter with them by then ?
g~ J \ H WOH cards ZO^
distribute K^?
Why hadn't you yet distributed the
cards by then ?
P# J\H WOH ZO^ file clear
19.
Why hadn't he yet cleared the file by

then ?
P" J\H WOH ZO^ P course
17.
K^?
K~^ ?
Why hadn't she joined the course by

then?
20. "~ J\H WOH ZO^ JH_H

K~^ ?
Why hadn't they yet reached there
by then ?
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE

1. h= J\H WOH D x~O
fH^ ?
2. g~ J\H WOH licence O^^ ?
3. J`_ J\H WOH x^=^ ?
4. P" J \ H WOH studies i
K^?
5. Train J\H WOH station H K~ H^?
6. "~ J\H WOH D book publish
K^ ?
7. h= J\H WOH D news q#^ ?
8. J` _ J \ H WOH promotion
O^^?
9. "~ J \ H WOH programme
"^@^ ?
10. h= J\H WOH bill pay K^ ?
11. h= J\H WOH salary ZO^ draw
K^ ?
12. g~ J\H WOH work ZO^ finish
K^ ?
13. J`_ J\H WOH ZO^ h money
O^ ?
14. P" J\H WOH "ix ZO^ invite
K^ ?
15. "~ J\H WOH ZO^ JH_
K~H^ ?
Small deeds done are better than great deeds planned.
80
: 94406 16425
REVISION
=#= D ~A Uq <~<= ?
D~A =#= =# Spoken English Course ''Had' + III form of the
Verb" QiOz <~<=. nxx grammar Past Perfect Tense JO\~.
1.
POSITIVE FORM :
QÒx XH ==#O^ =#= iK# ~O_ # =O^Q i

K# XH xx QiOz zOK@ 'Had' + III form of the Verb LyOK
=#.
Ex :
1. I had finished my work before I went out.

2. We had known the news before you told us.
3. He had gone out before I went there.
2.
NEGATIVE FORM :
QÒx XH ==# KCK J\ =~ WOH iKx XH xx

QiOz zOK@ "Had + not+ III form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. I had not yet got this job by then.

2. We had not yet received the message by that time.
3. He had not yet completed his studies by then.
3.
QUESTION FORM :
QÒx XH == #O^ =#= i K# ~O_ # =O^Q

K# XH xx QiOz tOK@# zOK@ "Had + III form of the
Verb" LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. Had you taken lunch before you came here ?

2. Had you booked the tickets before they came here ?
3. Had you counted the notes before you paid him money ?
4.
QÒx XH ==# KCK J\ =~ WOH i Kx XH xx

QiOz negative sense tOK@# zOK@ "Hadn't + III form of the
Verb" LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. Hadn't you yet woke up by that time ?

2. Hadn't he yet got ready by then ?
3. Hadn't they yet commenced the programme by that time ?
81
: 94406 16425

I Form
II Form
III Form
140. beetch
beetched
beetched
141. believe
believed
believed
142. bellow
bellowed
bellowed
143. belong
belonged
belonged
144. blend
blended
blended
145. booze
boozed
boozed
146. borrow
borrowed
borrowed
147. boycott
boycotted
boycotted
148. breathe
breathed
breathed
149. cajole
cajoled
cajoled
150. calculate
calculated
calculated
151. cancel
cancelled
cancelled
152. canvas
canvassed
canvassed
153. capture
captured
captured
154. carry
carried
carried
155. cease
ceased
ceased
156. celebrate
celebrated
celebrated
157. certify
certified
certified
158. chant
chanted
chanted
159. cheat
cheated
cheated
160. chew
chewed
chewed
D ~A
Meaning
`#@
#=@
~OH"@
#=@
H@
qugi `Q@
JCQ fH#@
|iOK@
OK@
y_ "yOK
H@@
~^K@
^ _ @
n#=K H#
"Hx=@
x@
[~H#@
`= WK@
_@
"K@
#=@

Z
82
Ability is of little account without opportunity.
: 94406 16425
FUTURE PERFECT
=#= Hx # q+` x XH Yz`"
#
== iK

^=.
P xx Z\ i K^" zOKKO^=.
<# ~ LÔ q["_ K~O\#.

"= next Monday report ` ~K=.
"~ g =K 15th orders O`~.
<# ~ OÒ D answers Jh <~O\#.
J
J
J
J
"H= q+` x XH Yz`"

#
== i K
##
zOKK#q.
D q^=Q q+` x XH Yz`" # == J#Q ~ Qx, =K "~O, =K <,

=K O=`~O H q+` x =i W`~ == <# # =#= H "~H~ i
K XH xx QiOz zOK@
"Will have + III form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=
Subject - Singular, Plural U^## 'Will have + III form'
LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1.
<# ~ \ D #= Kk"#.
2.
I will have read this novel by tomorrow.

"= next week D work finish
3.
We will have finished this work by next

week.
g~ next Monday orders
4.
You will have received the orders by

next Monday.
= brother next May degree i
K=.
7.
JOÔ\~.
8.
K_ .
My brother will have completed his

degree by next May.
5. P" ~ \ XOQH uiy =O k.

She will have returned to Ongole by
tomorrow.
83
6. "~ =K < family <~ H shift

K~ .
9.
They will have shifted their family to

Nellore by next month.
Nagarjuna University next 15th
Degree results announce KOk.
Nagarjuna University will have
announced the Degree results by 15th
of next month.
<# ~ OÒ g inform
K#.
I will have informed you by tomorrow

evening.
"= next Sunday D cards Jh
distribute K=.
We will have distributed all these
cards by next Sunday.
10. J`_ next Monday duty join

J=`_.
He will have joined duty by next
Monday.
11. "~ next

K
~ .
week
bill pay
They will have paid the bill by next

week.
12. "= next December D

clear K
=.
loan
We will have cleared this loan by next

December.
13. P" D ~A OÒ D letters

Jh type KOk.
She will have typed all these letters
by this evening.
14. "= ~ LÔ

U~@ K=.
function
We will have made the arrangements

for the function by tomorrow morning.
15. <# ~ OÒ D

" #.
notes
I will have written this notes by

tomorrow evening.
16. "~ ~ LÔ 9 'O' clock

QO@~ K~O\~.
They will have reached Guntur by 9'O'
clock tomorrow morning.
17. "= ~\ D q+O XH

x~O fO\O.
We will have taken a decision in this
matter by tomorrow.
18. "= next Monday Collector

report submit K=.
We will have submitted the report to
the Collector by next Monday.
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE

1. "=
next month
prepare J=`=.
Jx lessons
2. "~ =K "~O P road repair

K
~ .
3. =K =i
Ò teacher posts
s K
O k.
4. "~ D <Y~ P book publish
K
~ .
5. D train ~ LÔ 9'O' clock
_b K~ O@Ok.
6. = English lecturer D < Y~ H
syllabus complete K~ .
7. "~ next December P house
construct K
~ .
8. "= ~ \ g ==
deliver
K=.
9. = mother WOHH QO@ lunch H Jx
items `
~ K~ .
10. =K XH@= `n "= D W
Mm K=.
11. = uncle next December U.S.A.
"o`~.
12. =K 5th J`_ salary draw
K_ .
13. ~\ doctors P"# hospital
#O_ discharge K~ .
14. <# g amount =K Pk"~O
repay K#.
15. "~ next month 10th _w
admission list announce K~ .
Example is better than precept.
Z
84
: 94406 16425
QUESTION FORM
=#= Hx # q+` x XH Yz`"
#
== i K
^=.
q+` x XH == XH~ i K
XH xx QiOz
t
OKKO^=.
~ \ g~ D xx i K~ ?
=K Pk"~O J`_ XOQH uiy =_ ?
Next June P" degree i KO^ ?
~ evening g~ D bill pay K~?
J
J
J
J
"H= q+` x XH xs` =O XH~ i K

##
QiOz tOK@# zOKK#q.
D q^=Q q+` x XH xs` == J#Q ~ \ , =K "~O , =K

<, =K O=`~O i K XH xx QiOz t OK@
"Will have + III form of the Verb" LyOK =#.
*
Note :
I, We - Subject Q
L#C_ 'Shall have'

You, He, She, It, They - Subject Q L#C_ 'Will have' =K#.
EXAMPLES
1.
h= ~ \ x~
O fO\"?
2.
Will you have taken a decision by

tomorrow ?
g~ next month D W Mm
3.
Will you have vacated this house by

next month ?
g brother next Monday duty join
K~ ?
J=`_ ?
4.
5.
85
Will your brother have joined duty by

next Monday?
P" next month D subject
prepare J=Ò^?
Will she have prepared this subject
by next month?
"~ =K _O|~ D house
construct K~?
Will they have constructed the house
by next December?
6. h= OÒ D
K"?
7.
8.
9.
10.
letters type
Will you have typed these letters by

this evening?
g~ next week orders receive
KO\~?
Will you have received the orders by

next week?
g lecturers next January
syllabus i K~?
Will the lecturers have completed the
syllabus by next January?
g~ next week college H report
submit K~?
Will you have submitted the report to
the college by next week ?
"~ ~\ cards Jh distribute
K~?
Will they have distributed all the cards

by tomorrow ?
EXERCISE
'Wh' QUESTIONS
11.
h= Z\ D
K=?
course
When will you have completed this

course ?
12. g~ Z\ new house H shift
J=`~ ?
When will you have shifted to the new

house?
13. D train Z \ Chennai
K~O@Ok ?
When will this train have reached

Chennai ?
14. J`_ Z\ certificates receive
KO\_ ?
When will he have received the

certificates ?
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
: 94406 16425
P" Z\ WH_H uiy =O k?

When will she have returned here ?
D <Y~ g~ ZO` amount
collect K~ ?
Howmuch amount will you have
collected by the end of this month ?
Next Saturday "~ Zx files
clear K~ ?
Howmany files will they have cleared
by next Saturday ?
=K 15= `n h= Zx new
policies book K= ?
Howmany new policies will you have
booked by next 15th ?
=K _O|~ "~ bank ZO`
amount deposit K~ ?
Howmuch amount will they have
deposited in the bank by next
December?
"~ Z\ D H` book publish
K~ ?
When will they have published this

new book ?

1. ~\ g~ = g x~O
è*~ ?
2. WO@s_\ ~ " 31 e `
H\O^ ?
3. =K < J` _ promotion
O^`_ ?
4. =K O=`~O "~ JH_ bridge
xi~ ?
5. Next Monday g~ D bill pay
K~ ?
6. ~ OÒ g~ g\OQH Jx
U~@ K~ ?
7. ~ 7 p.m. "~ programme
~Oa~ ?
8. D < PY~ g~ Jx lessons
revise K~ ?
9. h= Z\ D book Kk"= ?
10. g~ Z\ tickets book K~ ?
11. J`_ Z\ iH~ work i
K_ ?
12. P" Z \ D dress stitch
KOk ?
13. =K < g~ < O^`~?
14. =K "~O h= Zx lessons
prepare J=`= ?
15. ~\ "~ Zx copies print
K~ ?
He who follows two hares catches neither.
86
: 94406 16425
REVISION
=#= D ~A Uq <~<= ?
D~A =#= =# Spoken English Course "Will + have + III form of the Verb"
QiOz <~<=. nxx grammar Future Perfect Tense JO\~. nx 1. Positive
Form 2. Question Form J# 2 parts <~ <=. D 2 parts XHi revise K O^=.
1.
POSITIVE FORM :
q+`x XH xs` == XH~ i K XH xx QiOz

zOK@ 'Will have' + III form of the Verb LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. I will have done this workly tomorrow.
2. We will have completed the course by next week.
3. He will have cleared the file by next Monday.
4. They will have distributed cards by tomorrow.
2.
QUESTION FORM :
q+`x XH xs` == XH~ i K XH xx QiOz

tOK@# zOK@ 'Will have' + III form of the Verb LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. Will you have received the orders by next week?
2. Will he have joined the duty by next 5th?
3. Will she have written the novel by next June?
4. Will they have made arrangements by next week?
87
: 94406 16425

I Form
II Form
III Form
161. circulate
circulated
circulated
162. clarify
calrified
calrified
163. climb
climbed
climbed
164. close
closed
closed
165. co-operate
co-operated
co-operated
166. collapse
collapsed
collapsed
167. collect
collected
collected
168. command
commanded
commanded
169. commence
commenced
commenced
170. comment
commented
commented
171. communicate
communicated
communicated
172. compare
compared
compared
173. compel
comepelled
comepelled
174. compete
comepted
comepted
175. compile
compiled
compiled
176. comlain
complained
complained
177. compose
composed
composed
178. conceal
concealed
concealed
178. concentrate
concentrated
concentrated
179. conclude
concluded
concluded
180. confirm
confirmed
confirmed
Meaning
"OK@
q=iOzKC@
Z@
=@
HiOK@
_=@
HiOK@
P*OK@
P~OaOK@
"M#=K
è*
@
=u_K @
\K@
~K@
V~^K@
~K@
~=Q LOK@
^K@
=yOK@
H~K@
D ~A Spoken English lesson x Positive Form, Question Form Q <~<~

H^! Z@=O\ confusion O_ =~ XHi D 2 parts K^= O_! g~ own Q Hx
"H practise K O_.
Z
88
A journey of thousand miles begins with a single step.
: 94406 16425
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

=#= Hx # QÒ x XH == #O^ ~OaOz

` =
WOH#
continuous Q K KO^=. XH xx =#= Zx ~AQ, ZO` HOQ, Z\
#O_ K
K#n W`~ zOKKO^=.
J
J
J
J
<# ~O_ ~A #Oz D notes `~ KK<#.

"= <Q < #Oz D room LO@<=.
LÔ #Oz "~ T.V. match K<~.
1990 #Oz = father D business K<~.
"H= QÒ x XH == #O^ ~OaOz,

` O WOH#
Q KK# ## zOKK#q.
continuous
D qÔQ =#= =\_ K# ==# continuous Q K=# XH xx ZO`

HOQJ#Q Zx QO@Q, Zx ~A, Zx <, Zx O=`~=Q KK#n
zOK@
"Have been / Has been + Verb + 'ing' form " LyOK=#.
Note : "H=x
Subject > I, We, You, They J~#C_ 'have been',
Subject > He, She, It J~#C_ 'has been' =K#.
EXAMPLES
English
5. "~ <Q O=`~= #Oz D

Hh x=t<~.
I have been learning English

grammar for four months.
They have been living in this colony

for four years.
2. "= ~O_ < #Oz bank test H

prepare JQK<=.
6. ~# ="~O #Oz WH_ =~O

_K#k.
We have been preparing for the bank

test for two months.
It has been raining here since

Monday last.
3. = brother 1995 #Oz POÔH

x K<_.
7. <# L^ O 7 QOII #Oz = friend

HO Z^~K<#.
My brother has been working in the

Andhra Bank since 1995.
I have been waiting for my friend

since 7 a.m.
1.
<# <Q < #Oz

grammar <~O@<#.
4. P" ~ O_ ~A #Oz [~ O `
^_ K#k.
She has been suffering from fever for
two days.
89
8. "= ~O_ < #Oz

problem face K<=.
water
We have been facing water problem

for two months.
9. = mother ~O_ < #Oz Homeopathic medicines fO@#k.

My mother has been taking
Homeopathic medicines for two
months.
10. <# ~ O_ O=`~= #Oz

job HO try K<#.
govt.
I have been trying for a government

job for two years.
11. "= ~O_ ~A #Oz

U~@ K<=.
function
We have been making arrangements

for the function for two days.
12. = father Q` 8 OIIQ D business

K<~.
My father has been doing this
business for the past eight years.
13. k xq+ = #Oz

"QK#k.
telephone
The telephone has been ringing for

ten minutes.
14. J`_ LÔ #Oz P T.V. set repair

KK<_.
He has been repairing that T.V. set
since morning.
15. = uncle Q` 12 OIIQ lawyer Q

practise KK<~.
My uncle has been practising as a
lawyer for the past twelve years.
16. < # ~ O_ ~A #Oz D #=

K^=K<#.
I have been reading this novel for two
days.
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE

1. <# XH QO@ #Oz WH_ bus HO
wait K<#.
2. "= ~O_ ~A #Oz pending files
clear K<=.
3. P" 11 'O' clock #Oz letters type
K#k.
4. = friend K ~AQ < help
K<_.
5. = lecturers "~O ~A #Oz =
special H fO@<~.
6. x# \ #Oz < # D book refer
K<#.
7, ~O_ < #Oz <# English
concentrate KK<#.
8. P" XH < ~AQ XH #=
"#k.
9. "~ XH O=`~O #Oz = Q
Hi<~.
10. < # J~ Q O @ #Oz D serial
K<#.
11. s J~ ~O_ ~A #Oz
WO\O\H K~O K<~.
12. ~ QOQb Q` P~ O=`~Q
HH\ P_K<_.
13. "= ~ O_ ~A #Oz D workshop
x~<=.
14. _w q^~ "~O ~A #Oz
H |+i<~.
15. = grand father ~ O_ O=`~=Q
cancer ` ^_
K<~ .
No pains, No gains.
90
: 94406 16425
NEGATIVE FORM
XHHi =#=

` O K O _x XH xx Zx~AQ K _O^, ZO`HOQ
KO__O^ zOKKO^=.
<# <Q~A#O_ HlH " _O^ .

J`_ ~ O_ "~#O_ duty H attend J=_O^.
P" <Q~A#Oz P~O fH=_O^.
"~ 1998 #O_ D town x=tOK_O ^.
J
J
J
J
"H= QÒx HO` H=Q KO_x ## zOKK#q.
D q^=Q `= =#= =\_K# ==# =#= KO_x XH xx

Z\#O_ K _O^, Zx~AQ K @^, ZO`HOQ K @^ zOK@
" Have / Has + not + III form of the Verb" LyOK =#.
*
Note : I, We, You, They - Subject Q =#_ 'have,

He, She, It, - Subject Q =#_ 'has' LyOK=#.
Note :
Q` HO`HOQ K =# XH xx zOK@ positive

"have been + 'ing' form" =K#. Hx Negative 'been + 'ing' form O_
"have / has + not + III form LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1. <# ~ O_~A#O_ computer class
H attend J=_O^.
6. "~ "~O~A#O_
K_O^.
2. "= k~A #Oz HH\

K_O^.
7.
I have not attended the computer

class for two days.
practice
We have not practised cricket for ten

days.
3. P`_ <Q < #Oz

pay K_O^.
room rent
He has not paid room rent for four

months.
8.
5. =_ <Q WH_ =~ _^.

It has not rained here for three months.
91
They have not opened the shop for

one week.
"~ Q` =_O=`~ #O_ school
Annual Day celebrate K_O^.
They have not celebrated the school
Annual Day for the past three years.
< # last Monday #O_ J`xx
H=^.
I have not met him since Monday last.
9. "= E< 1 #O_ = =~ " ^

.
4. P" x#\#O_ =WO\H ~^.

She has not come to our house since
yesterday.
shop open
10.
We have not gone to our village since

June 1st.
J`_ ~ O_ < #O_ studies
concentrate K_O^.
He has not concentrated on his
studies for two months.
11. P" <Q ~A#O_ P ~ O

fH=_O^.
She has not taken food for four days.
12. < # ~ O_ < #O_

K__O^.
13. "= XH O=`~O#O_ J`x` move

H=_O^.
We have not moved with him for one
year.
exercise
He has not taken exercise for one

week.
15. "~ ~ O_ < #O_

x~OK_O^.
programmes
They have not conducted the

programmes for two months.
16. <# HO`HO #Oz J`xH O

K@O^.
I have not helped him for sometime.
17. J`_ XH O=`~O#O_ ZH_

xK_O^.
He has not worked anywhere for one
year.
18. " = P~ < #O_ P

K_O^.
car use
We have not used that car for six

months.
19. HO` H OQ =
HiOK_O^.
brothers
EXERCISE
films
I have not seen films for two months.
14. J` _ "~ O ~A#O_

K_O^.
: 94406 16425
<
My brothers have not co-operated

with me for sometime.
20. "~ Q` 5 OII #O_ accounts iQ

maintain K_O^.
They have not maintained the
accounts for the past five years.
1. <# <Q ~A #Oz HrH "@

O
^.
2. "= ~ O_ O=`~= #O_ U
= Z^~=@O ^.
3. J\ #Oz J`_ H miss
H^.
4. J\ #Oz P" =` =\_@
O ^ .
5. "~ Q` "~O ~A #O_ q^
[~=@O^.
6. = father ~O_ < #O_ <
money O@O ^.
7. 1998 #Oz "~ WH_ x=tOK@O
^.
8. ~ O_ O=`~ #O_ N<^ one day
matches P_@O ^.
9. P" <Q ~A #O_ Z=i`#
=\_@O ^.
10. "~ Q` HO` HOQ q^~
scholarships KeOK@O^.
11. <# Q` ~ O_ O=`~ #O_ U
competitive exam H appear H^.
12. "= J\ #O_ J`x q+ O *HO
KH=@O^.
13. =xe\ "~ 4 ~A #O_ h~
~~ K@O ^.
14. P" Q` O=`~O #O_ H^ " @O
^.
15. Doctor ~O_ ~A #O_ clinic H
~=@O ^.
Idle man's brain is devil's workshop.
92
: 94406 16425
QUESTION FORM
=#= Hx # QÒ x XH == #O^ ~OaOz

` O WOH#
continuous Q KKO^=. XH~ XH xx Zx ~AQ, ZO` HOQ, Z\
#O_ K
K#n
t
OKKO^=.
h= WH_ QO@ #Oz wait KK<"?

g~ 1998 #Oz D town x=t<~ ?
g brother ~ O_ OI #O_ job K<_ ?
P" x#\ #Oz [~O` ^_ K#^?
J
J
J
J
"H= QÒ x XH == #O^ ~OaOz WOH# K

#
##
QiOz tOK@# zOKK#q.
D q^=Q =#= =\_ K# ==# continuous Q K=# XH xx Zx

~AQ, Zx <Q, Zx O=`~=Q, ZO` HOQ KK#n tOK@#
zOK@
"Have / Has + been + Verb + 'ing' form" LyOK=#.
Note : "H=x
Subject > 'I' 'We' 'You' 'They' J~#C_ 'Have been'
'He', 'She', 'It' J~#C_ 'Has been' LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1.
2.
h= x#\ #O_ D
KK<" ?
notes
`~
Have you been preparing this notes

since yesterday ?
g~ "~O ~A #O_ results HO
6. "~ 1985 #O_ D O #

x~<~ ?
7.
Z^~ K<~ ?
3.
4.
Have you been waiting for the results

for one week ?
g brother ~ O_ O=`~ #O_
Vizag LO@<_ ?
Has your brother been staying in Vizag
for two years ?
P" Q ` <Q ~A #O_

L"=O@#^ ?
Has she been fasting for the last four
days?
5.
Q ` ~ O_ ~AQ WH _ =~ O
_K#^ ?
Has it been raining here for the last
two days ?
93
Have they been maintaining this firm

since 1985 ?
h= ~ O_ < #O_ Spoken English
H [~QK<" ?
8.
Have you been attending the Spoken

English classes for two months ?
h= 2002 #O_ job H O try
K<"?
Have you been trying for a job since

2002?
9. 10 O=`~ #O_ h= D scooter
use K<" ?
Have you been using this scooter for
ten years ?
10. 1995 #O_ P" D school teacher
Q xK#^ ?
Has she been working as a teacher

in this school since 1995 ?
: 94406 16425
'Wh' QUESTIONS
EXERCISE
11. h= ZO` HOQ D L^Q O

K<=?
Howlong have you been doing

this job ?
12.
g~ ZO` HOQ D WO\

x=t<~ ?
Howlong have you been living in this

house ?
13. g sister Z\ #O_ K<
K^ =
K#k ?
Howlong has your sister been

studying in Chennai ?
14. J`_ ZO` HOQ cancer ` ^_

K<_ ?
Howlong has he been suffering from

cancer ?
15. ZO` HOQ "~ D problem face
K<~ ?
Howlong have they been facing this

problem ?
16. h= WH_ ZO` \ #O_ wait
K<= ?
Howlong have you been waiting

here ?
17. ZO` HOQ g~ WH _ English
<~O@<~ ?
Howlong have you been learning

English here ?
18. P" Z \ #Oz movies act
K#k?
Howlong has she been acting

in movies ?
19. "~ Z\ #Oz g D material
supply K<~ ?
Howlong have they been supplying
you this material ?
20. J` _ ZO` HOQ h help
1. g~ Q` ="~O #O_ [#q

H~H =
O O@<~ ?
2. h= ~ O_ ~A #Oz D #=
K^=K<" ?
3. g father ~ O_ < #O_ D
medicines fO@<~ ?
4. P" LÔ #Oz special items
`~ KK#^ ?
5. "~ Q ` "~ O ~AQ O _ Q
[~O@<~ ?
6. h= x#\ #O_ D book H O
"^K<" ?
7. g~ "~O ~A #O_ practicals
K<~ ?
8. J`_ ~ O_ < #O_ final exams H
prepare JQK<_ ?
9. ZO` H OQ g~ books publish
K<~ ?
10. ZO`HOQ J`_ lawyer Q practise
K<_ ?
11. P" Z\ #O_ g Hindi teach
K#k ?
12. "~ Z \ #O_ strike
O@<~ ?
13. h= D course Z\ #Oz K <
=?
14. ZO` HOQ g~ D == sale
K<~ ?
15. Dravid Z \ #Oz team x lead
K<_ ?
K<_ ?
Howlong has he been helping you ?
Every cloud has a silver lining.
94
: 94406 16425

XHHi =#= W`~ ` =\_ K#C _ QÒ x HO`H=Q K
O _x
XH xx QiOz negative sense tOKKO^=.
h= <Q ~AQ qOu fH=@O ^ ?

g~ ~ O_ <Q bill pay K@O^ ?
J`_ J\ #Oz g help K@O ^?
P" K ~A #Oz WH_ LO_@O^ ?
J
J
J
J
"H= QÒ HO` H=Q KO_x XH xx QiOz tOK@#

zOKK#q.
D q^=Q =#=Qx, "~H~ Qx QÒ x HO` H=Q K O _x XH xx

"Haven't / Hasn't + III form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note :
"H=x
Subject I, We, You, They J~#C_ 'Haven't'

He, She, It
J~#C_ 'Hasn't'
=K#.
=K#.
EXAMPLES
1. h= ~ O_ ~A #O_ classes H attend
H=@O^?
6.
Jan 1st #O_ h= g T~ "

^
?
Haven't you gone to your village since
Jan 1st ?
g~ Q` ~O_ <Q salary draw
2.
Haven't you attended the classes for

two days ?
g~ <Q < #Oz house rent pay
3.
Haven't you paid house rent for four

months ?
J`_ J\ #Oz h help K@O
8. P" J\ #O_ g WO\H ~=@O ^?
4.
Hasn't he helped you since then ?

P" x# L^ O #O_ food fH=@O
9. Q` <Q <Q WH_ =~O __O

^?
5.
K@O^?
^?
Hasn't she taken food since yesterday

morning ?
"~ Q` ~O_ <Q games practise
K@O^?
K@O^?
Haven't you drawn salary for the past

two months ?
Hasn't she come to your house since
then ?
^?
Haven't they practised the games for

the last two months ?
95
7.
10.
Hasn't it rained here for the past four

months ?
Q` O=`~ HOQ Ganguly matches
P_@O ^?
Hasn't Ganguly played matches for the

past one year ?
EXERCISE
'Wh' QUESTIONS
11. ~O_ ~AQ h=

~=@O ^ ?
12.
13.
14.
class
H ZO^
Why haven't you come to the class for

the past two days ?
Q` <Q ~AQ "~ shop ZO^
open K@O^ ?
Why haven't they opened the shop for
the last four days ?
Q`"
~O ~AQ J`_ duty H ZO^
attend H=@O^ ?
Why hasn't he attended the duty for the
past one week ?
Q` Hx <Q h= studies ZO^
concentrate K@O^ ?
Why haven't you concentrated on your
studies for the past few months ?
15. P" Q` 10 ~AQ HlH ZO^

"@O^ ?
16.
: 94406 16425
Why hasn't she gone to college for the

past ten days ?
"~ Q` <Q ~AQ classes
ZO^ x~OK@O^ ?
Why haven't they conducted the

classes for the past four days ?
17. Q` Hx <Q g~ <` ZO^

HiOK@O^ ?
Why haven't you co-operated with me
for the past few months ?
18. Q ` ~ O_ ~ =Q P #
ZO^ ZxH \ K@O^?
Why hasn't he contested in the
elections for the past two times ?
19. Q` Hx <Q J`_ ZH_ ZO^

xK@O^ ?
Why hasn't he worked any where for
the past few months ?
20. J\ #O_ h= ZO^ "i q+ O

*HO KH=@O^?
Why haven't you interefered in their
matter since then ?

1. ~O_ <Q g father h money
O@O^?
2. ~O_ <Q h= movies K_@O
^?
3. K ~AQ g~ J`xx H=^?
4. K ~AQ h= "iH letters
"^?
5. Q` 6 <Q g~ bank #O_ money
withdraw K^?
6. Q` <Q <Q "~ g salary
KeOK@O^?
7. x#\ #Oz h= Ug fH^?
8. J\ #Oz J`_ h` =\_@
O^?
9. Q` 10 ~AQ h= J`xx ZO^
H=^?
10. h= Jan-1 #O_ g T~ ZO^
"^?
11. Q ` 6 < Q g~ instalments
ZO^ pay K@O^?
12. Q` O=`~ HOQ "~ g material
ZO^ supply K@O^?
13. ~O_ ~A #O_ h= temple H
ZO^ "_O^?
14. <Q < #O_ g~ monthly report
ZO^ submit K^?
15. ~ O_ O=`~= #O_ P" birthday
ZO^ celebrate KH=@O^?
Adversity introduces a man to himself.
96
: 94406 16425
REVISION
=#= D ~A Uq <~<= ?
D~A =#= =# Spoken English Course "Have / Has + been + Verb
+ 'ing ' form " QiOz <~ <=. nxx grammar Present Perfect Continuous
Tense JO\~. nx 1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form
4. Negative Question Form J# 4 parts <~<=. D 4 parts XHi revise
KO^=.
1.
POSITIVE FORM :
QÒx XH ==#O^ ~OaOz ` ==# WOH#

continuous Q K# XH xx QiOz zOK@ "have / has + been +
Verb + ' ing ' form " LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. I have been doing this job for two years.

2. We have been facing this problem for one month .
3. He has been staying with us since July.
2.
NEGATIVE FORM :
Q` HO`HOQ =#= KO_x XH xx QiOz zOK@ (P xx

ZO` HOQ K @ ^ ) "have / has + not+ III form of the Verb"
LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. I have not met him for two days.

2. We have not come here since Sunday last.
3. He has not sent me money for two months.
3.
QUESTION FORM :
QÒx XH ==#O^ ~OaOz ` ==# WOH#

continuous Q K# XH xx QiOz tOK@# zOK@ "Have /
Has + been + Verb + 'ing' form" LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. Have you been trying for a job for two years ?

2. Has he been helping you for a long time ?
3. Have they been practising this game since Monday last ?
4.
QÒx HO`HOQ =#= KO_x XH xx QiOz negative sense

tOK@# zOK@ "Haven't / Hasn't + III form of the Verb "
LyOK=#.
Ex :
97
1. Haven't you gone to office for five days ?

2. Hasn't he met you since Monday last ?
: 94406 16425

I Form
II Form
III Form
181. congratulate
congratulated
congratulated
182. conjure
conjured
conjured
183. connect
connected
connected
184. conquer
conquered
conquered
185. consider
considered
considered
186. consist
consisted
consisted
187. conspire
conspired
conspired
188. construct
constructed
constructed
189. consult
consulted
consulted
190. consume
consumed
consumed
191. continue
continued
continued
192. contribute
contributed
contributed
193. convert
converted
converted
194. convey
conveyed
conveyed
195. convince
convineced
convineced
196. create
created
created
197. criticise
criticised
criticised
198. cry
cried
cried
199. cultivate
cultivated
cultivated
200. dance
danced
danced
D ~A
Meaning
Ja#OkOK@
Q~_K@
H@
[~OK, QK
iQ}OK@
HeyO_@
@#
xiOK@
OkOK@
qxyOK
H#yOK
KO^WK@
=~@
è*@
XOK@
xiOK, $+OK
q=iOK@
U_@
QK
@
#$ÒK@

Z
98
A good beginning makes a good ending.
: 94406 16425
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

=#= QÒ K# ~O_ ## QiOz è* KO^=. XH x i
J~#k. ~ O_ = x " ^ \ x H O > =O^ HO` H OQ continuous Q
[~QKO_#k.
J
J
J
<# x# = friend room H " i H, J`_ ~ O_ QO@#O_ lessons K^ = KO_<_.

"= x# auditorium H " iH, J\H k xq #Oz chief guest =\_
KO_<_.
x# .O. =K i H, J\H J~QO @ =O^Q< [ ground gather JQ KO_<~.
"H= QÒ x ~ O_ # =O^Q K

O _# XH xx ZO`HOQ
K O _<" zOKK#q.
D qÔQ QÒ x XH ==#O^ XH~ i K# ~ O_ # "^\ xx ~ O_=

xHO> =O^ continuous Q ZO` HOQ, ZxQO@, Zx ~A, Zx < =O^Q
K#n zOK@
"Had + been + Verb + 'ing' form " LyOK =#.
*
Note :
"H=x
Subject Singular, Plural U^## 'had been + 'ing' form' =K#.
EXAMPLES
<# x# class H " iH, J~QO@
=O^ #OK lecturer lesson teach
K<~.
4. = brother Q=~" O@ job O^^xH

=O^ ~ O_ O=`~Q private
school xK O
_<_.
The lecturer had been teaching the

lesson for half-an-hour before I went to
the class yesterday.
My brother had been working in a

private school for two years before he
got the govt. job.
2. "= x# OÒ ground H K~ <

iH ~O_QO@ =O^#O_ "~
match P_Ò_<~.
5. "= last week Mysore K~<^xH

=O^ ~O_ ~AQ JH_ =~O
_ Ò_#k.
They had been playing the match for

two hours before we reached the
ground yesterday evening.
It had been raining there for two days

before we reached Mysore last week.
1.
3. "= Ongole town H shift J^xH

=O^, <Q O=`~#Oz
QO@~ x=tO _<=.
We had been living in Guntur for four
years before we shifted to Ongole town.
99
6. <# x# press H " ^xH =O^ XH

Q O @ #O_ J` _ cards print
K O _<_.
He had been printing the cards for one
hour before I went to the press.
7. "~ course "^> ^xH "~O

=O^ #O_ admissions fO
@O_<~.
They had been taking the admissions
for one week before they commenced
the course.
8. <# last month J`xx He ^xH

k~A =O^#O_ J`_ fever `
^_
K<_ .
He had been suffering from fever for
ten days before I met him last month.
9. <# ~u WO\H K~< ^xH ~O_

Q O @ =O^ #O_ x ^
Ò_<~.
Children had been sleeping for two
hours before I reached home last night.
10. P" Delhi "^xH =O^ <Q

< #Oz WH_ Hindi <~ O@O_
#k.
She had been learning Hindi here for
four months before she went to Delhi.
11. <# meeting hall H " ^xH QO@

=O^ #O_ "~ P q+ O discuss
K O _<~.
They had been discussing the matter
for one hour before I went to the
meeting hall.
12. J`_ x# = WO\H =K^xH QO@

=O^ #Oz "= chess P_`
=<=.
We had been playing chess for one
hour before he came to our house
yesterday.
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE

1. x# = WO\H guests =K^xH =O^
~O_ QO@ #Oz = mother items
` ~ K O _#k.
2. Train =K^xH QO@ =O^#O_ <#
platform g^ wait K O
_<=.
3. "= x# theatre H " iH, QO@
=O^ #OK JH_ K =Ok queue
x|_ L<~ .
4. x# Prime Minister =K^xH ~O_
QO@ =O^ #O_ ~R <
airport ^Q~ wait K O
_<~.
5. x# <# college H " iH J\H
~O_ QO@ =O^ #OK clerk students H hall tickets issue K O
_<_.
6. P film shooting ~OaOK ^xH <
~A =O^ #O_ "~ H^ K~
[~KO_<~.
7. J`x father retire J^xH ~O_
O=`~= =O^#O_ J`_ job
K<_.
8. <# x# office H "^xH QO@ =O^
#O_ P" letters type K KO_#k.
9. <# x# JH_ "i H QO@ =O^
#O_ "~ function H ready JQ
K<~.
10. <# x# class "iH J~QO@
=O^ #O_ lecturer lesson explain
K O _<~.
Flattery is the food of fools.
Z
100
: 94406 16425
QUESTION FORM
XHHi =#= QÒ x HO`H= =~ XH~ continuous Q K O _# XH
xx QiOz, P xx ZO` H=Q KK#k tOKKO^=.
g~ WH_H =K ^xH =O^ ~ O_ QO@Q JH_ rest fO@O_<~ ?

J`_ D job O^ ^xH =O^ 2 OIIQ private company x K O _<_ ?
g~ work ~OaOK =O^ ~ O_ QO@Q "i` Ki O _<~ ?
J
J
J
"H= QÒ x ~ O_ # =O^Q K

O _# XH x H H=#
QiOz tOK@# zOKK#q.
D q^=Q QÒx ~O_ # =O^Q XH == =~ continuous Q

K O _# XH xx QiOz P x ZO`HOQ K O _<" t OK@# zOK@
"Had + been + Verb + ing form " LyOK=#.
*
Note :
"H=x
U^## 'Had been' LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1. h= WH_ =K^xH ~O_ QO@
=O^ Q WO\ ^ Q ~ home-work
K O _<"?
4.
Had they been issuing the tickets for
Had you been doing home-work for two
one hour before they commenced the
hours before you came here ?
2.
H appear J ^xH ~O_ <

=O^Q g~ prepare J=` O_<~?
Test
Had you been preparing for the test for

two months before you appeared for the
test ?
3.
=K^xH QO@ =O^Q g~

station wait K O _<~?
Train
Had you been waiting for one hour at

the station before the train arrived ?
~OaOK^xH QO@
=O^ Q "~ tickets issue
K O _<~?
Programme
programme ?
5.
=K ^xH ~ O_ Q O @
=O^ Q g~ JH _ U~@
K O _<~?
Guests
Had you been making arrangements for

two hours before the guests came ?
6. D company join J^xH P~

< =O^ Q h= Hyd.
xK O _<"?
Had you been working in Hyd. for six
months before you joined this company?
101
: 94406 16425
'Wh' QUESTIONS
EXERCISE
7. g~ D town H shift HH=O^ ZO`

HOQ Hyd x=O_<~ ?
Howlong had you been living in

Hyderabdad before you shifted to this
town ?
8.
=K ^xH ZO`
\ #O_
h= WH_ wait K<= ?
Manager
Howlong had you been waiting here

before the manager came ?
9. WH _ Join J ^xH =O^

ZO` H OQ h= JH _ K ^ =
KO_<= ?
Howlong had you been studying there
before you joined here ?
10. Class H attend J ^xH =O^

ZO` \ #Oz h= lessons
K^ =Ò_<= ?
Howlong had you been reading the
lessons before you attended the class ?
11. Final match P_^xH =O^ g~ Zx

~AQ game practise K O _<~?
Howlong had you been practising the
game before you played the final match?
12. Business start K^xH =O^ J`_

ZO`HOQ x <~ O@O_<_?
1. h= class H "iH half an hour #Oz

teacher lesson teach K
O _<~?
2. D room xH shift J ^xH =O^
6 <Q h= g uncle WO\ stay
K O _<"?
3. h= theatre H "iH QO@ =O^Q
"~ JH_ queue x|_ =O_<~?
4. D post join J ^xH =O^ h=
ZO`HOQ training O^Ò_<=?
5. g father retire J ^xH =O^ ZO`
HOQ h= job K O _<=?
6. WH_H =K ^xH QO@ =O^ #O_
g~ JH_ chess P_Ò_<~?
7. g~ JH_H K~ H< ^xH ~ O_ QO@
=O^ #O_ JH _ =~ O
_ KO_#^?
8.
=K ^ xH ~ O_ Q O @
=O^Q "~ U~@ K
O _<~?
Minister
9. Kx ^xH =O^ ZO` HOQ

g grand father business K O _<~?
10. National team xH selection O^
^xH ZO` HOQ Sachin cricket
P_Ò_<_?
Howlong had he been learning work

before he started business?
A wise enemy is better than a foolish friend.
102
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FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS

=#= q+` K = ~ O_ ## QiOz zOK KO^=.
q+` =#= zOK XH x K
@ HO> =O^, "~H x ~O"
HO` HOQ continuous Q [~Q` LO@Ok. =#= zOK D ~O_ #
"~~ = K=K H XH~ ~O_ # K=K.
J
J
J
= H\OK^xH =O^k ~AQ = H~~ = special classes

fO\~.
<# WO@~H "^ xH "~O~A =O^ #O_ books refer KO\#.
Independence Day H ~O_ ~A =O^#O_, "= P celebrations HO U~@
KO\=.
"H= q+` x ~ O_ # =O^Q K

O _ XH xx ZO`HOQ
KKO^" zOKK#q.
D q^=Q q+` =#= zOK XH x [~Q@ HO> =O^ ~O"

continuous Q HO` HOQ KO_ "~H xx QiOz KC@
"Will have + been + Verb + 'ing' form " LyOK =#.
*
Note : "H=x
Subject - Singular, Plural U^## 'will have + been + 'ing' form' =K#.
EXAMPLES
1.
s H " ^ ^xH J~ Q O @
=O^ #O_ invigilators q^~ hall
tickets verify KO\~.
The invigilators will have been
verifying the student hall-tickets for
half-an hour before they commence the
examination.
2. "~ programme "^>^

xH QO@
=O^ #O_ issue K O \~.
They will have been issuing the
passes for one hour before they
commence the programme.
3.
103
Promotion =K^xH 6 < =O^Q

<# training O^Ò\#.
I will have been undergoing training
for six months before I get a promotion.
4.
Function
~OaOK^xH QO@ =O^
#Oz "= function hall decorate
KO\=.
5.
We will have been decorating the

function hall for one hour before we
start the function.
"~ product # =~\xH q_^
K^xH ~O_ < =O^ #OK

orders book KO\~.
They will have been booking the
orders for two months before they
release the product into the market.
6. ^~# "^ J^xH J~QO@

=O^#OK H ~x
LO\~.
The audience will have been sitting
in the hall for half-an-hour before they
begin the show.
7. = father India H uiy =K^xH XH

O =` ~ O =O^ #O_ < # job
KO\#.
I will have been doing job for one year
before my father returns to India.
8. J~O^~ sH xH
=K^xH =O^ XH QO@ #O_ "~
seating U~@ KO\~.
EXERCISE

1. sH "^ J^xH =O^ <
~A #Oz = lecturers lessons Jh
revise KO\~.
2.
Doctor clinic H =K^xH =O^ QO@

#O_ patients P#HO Z^~
3.
Admission list
4.
Train
KO\~.
The patients will have been waiting

for one hour before the doctor comes
to the clinic.
10.
Australia tour
"^xH =O^ 15
~A #Oz Indian Cricket players

Madras practise KO\~.
They will have been making seating

arrangements for one hour before the
candidates come into the exam hall.
9.
: 94406 16425
H\OK^xH =O^
~O_ ~AQ "~ application forms
verify KO\~.
|^~_xH QO@ =O^
#OK } `= @ ~x
LO\~.
H | ^~ ^xH XH QO@
=O^ #O_ <# WO\ ^Q~ files
verify KO\#.
5. ~ Class H "^xH XH QO@ =O^

#O_ <# D exercise KO\#.
I will have been verifying the files at

home for one hour before I start for
office.
6. ~ function "^^xH QO@

=O^ #OK guests =O\~.
11. ~ guests =K^xH ~O_ QO@

=O^ #O_ mother items `~
KO\~.
7. ~ J`_ WH_H =K^xH =O^

~O_ QO@ #Oz "= J`x HO
Z^~ KO\=.
Office
Mother will have been preparing

items for two hours before the guests
arrive tomorrow.
12. h= ~ < room H =K^xH QO@

=O^ #OK <# lessons K^=
Ò\#.
8. \ J~ list announce K ^xH

=O^ ~O_ ~AQ N KO^|
J~ bio-datas verify KO\~.
I will have been reading lessons for

one hour before you come to my room.
All that glitters is not gold.
Z
104
11TH DAY - A
: 94406 16425
QUESTION FORM
XHHi =#= W`~ ` =\_ K#C _ q+` x ~ O_ # =O^Q
~OaOz HO`H= continuous Q K
O _# XH xx QiOz, zOK
KO^=.
~ "= JH_H =K i H g~ XH QO@ =O^Q U~@ K O \~ ?

=#= JH_ "^xH ~O_ QO@Q "~ JH_ work KO\~ ?
h= own business ~OaOK ^xH 6 < =O^Q accounts <~O@O\" ?
J
J
J
"H= q+` ~ O_ # =O^Q K

O _ XH x H H=
QiOz tOK@# zOKK#q.
D q^=Q q+` =#= K = ~ O_ # =O^Q K O _ XH xx

ZO`HOQ KKO^" tOK@# zOK@
"Will have + been + Verb + ing form " LyOK=#.
*
Note :
Subject I, We, J~#C_ "Shall have"
You, He, She, It, they J~#C_ 'Will have'
LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1. <# ~ g WO\H =K^xH QO@
=O^ #O_ h= lessons
K^=Ò\"?
Will you have been sitting in the hall
Will you have been reading the lessons
4. <\ H ^ i OK ^xH < ~A

=O^Q g~ rehearsals KO\~?
for one hour before I come to your
half an hour before the chief guest

comes?
house?
2. h= ~ exam hall H " ^xH QO@

=O^ #Oz D book refer
KO\"?
Will you have been refering to this book
for one hour before you go to the exam
3.
Will you have been making rehearsals

for one month before you perform the
play?
5.
Doctor clinic H
=K ^xH =O^ QO@

#O_ patients P # H O wait
KO\~?
hall ?
Will the patients have been waiting for
Chief guest =K ^xH J~QO

@ =O^Q
the doctor for one hour before he comes
g~ hall ~x LO\~?
to the clinic?
105
6.
Test appear J^xH =O^ ZO`
HOQ h= lessons revise K O \=?

Howlong will you have been revising
the lessons before you appear for the
test?
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE

1. ~ h= WH _H =K ^ xH Q O @
=O^ Q WO\ ^ Q ~ lessons
K^=Ò\"?
7. <# ~ g room H =K^xH =O^

ZO` Q g~ matter discuss
KO\~?
2. =#= OÒ JH_H " ^xH

~ O_ Q O @ =O^ Q "~ test
"O\~?
Howlong will you have been
3. h= | @ " ^xH J~ Q O @
=O^Q ready J=Ò\"?
discussing the matter before I come

to your room tomorrow?
8. =#= " ^xH =O^ ZO`\

#O_ "~ JH_ xKO\~?
Howlong will they have been working
4. J`_ Delhi " ^xH ~O_ <

=O^Q Hindi <~O@O\_?
5.
"^ J ^xH QO@

=O^Q< guests =O\~?
Function
before we go there?
9.
Train =K^
xH =O^ ZO`
\ #O_
clerk tickets issue
K O \_ ?
6. sH "^ J ^xH =O^ Zx

~AQ g lecturers lessons revise
KO\~?
Howlong will the clerk have been

issuing the tickets before the train
arrives?
10. =#= " ^xH =O^ ZO`\

#Oz "~ JH_ U~@ KO\~?
Howlong will you have been making
arrangements before the go there?
7.
O^ ^xH ZO` HO
=O^Q h= tH} O^Ò\=?
Promotion
8. | | ^ ~ ^xH ZO`
=O^Q "~ tickets WO\~?
Concentration is the essence of all knowledge.
106
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REVISION
=#= D ~A Uq <~<= ?
D~A =#= =# Spoken English Course =O^Q "Had + been + Verb
+ 'ing' form" J# structure QiOz <~<=. D structure # grammar Past
Perfect Continuous Tense JO\~. nx =#= 1) Positive Form 2) Question Form
J# ~O_ pasrts <~<=. D ~O_ parts XHi revise KOÔ.
1.
Ex :
2.
Ex :
POSITIVE FORM :
QÒ HO`H= =~ continuous Q K

O _# XH xx ZO`HOQ
KK#n zOK@ "Had + been + Verb + ' ing ' form " LyOK
=#.
1. I had been suffering form a head-ache for two hours before I went to sleep
last night.
2. They had been revising the lessons for ten days fefore they appeared for
the exam.
QUESTION FORM :
QÒ HO`H= =~ continuous Q KO_# XH xx QiOz
ZO`HOQ KK#n tOK@# zOK@ "Had+ been + Verb +
'ing' form" LyOK=#.
1. Had you been staying in your uncle's house for two months before you
shifted to this room ?
2. Had she been typing the letters for two hours before you went there ?
D~A =#= "Will have + been + Verb + 'ing' form " J# structure QiOz
_ <~<=. D structure # grammar Future Perfect Continuous Tense
JO\~. nx Positive Form =i Question Form J# ~O_ parts <~<=.
D ~O_ parts XHi revise KOÔ.
1.
Ex :
2.
POSITIVE FORM :
q+` XH x [~Q@HO> =O^ ~O" continuous Q HO`HOQ

KO_ "~H xx QiOz zOK@ "Will have + been + Verb +
'ing'form" LyOK =#.
1. I will have been taking rest for one hour before you come to my house.
2. She will have been preparing for the test for two months before she appears
for it.
QUESTION FORM :
q+` XH x [~Q@ HO> =O^ ~O" continuous Q HO`

HOQ K O _ " ~ H x x Q iOz t O K @# zOK @
"Will have + been + verb + 'ing' form" LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. Will you have been waiting for me for one hour before I come there ?
2. Will they have been getting ready for two hours before they go out ?
107
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I Form
II Form
III Form
201. deceive
deceived
deceived
202. decide
decided
decided
203. declare
declared
declared
204. decline
declined
declined
205. decoreate
decoreted
decoreted
206. decrease
decreased
decreased
207. dedicate
dedicated
dedicated
208. defend
defended
defended
209. deliver
delivered
delivered
210. demolish
demolished
demolished
211. denote
denoted
denoted
212. deny
denied
denied
213. depart
departed
departed
214. depend
depended
depended
215. derive
derived
derived
216. describe
described
described
217. deserve
deserved
deserved
218. determine
determined
determined
219. develop
developed
developed
220. diagnize
diagnized
diagnized
Meaning
"=K@
x~OK@
H\OK@
H}OK@
JOHiOK@
`yOK@
JOH`=K@
~HOK@
JOkOK@
<#=K
zOK@
H^#@
|^~@
P^~_ @
==#O_ Q OK
q=iOK@
`yO_@
x~~OK@
Ja=$kK
@
"kx QiOK@
D ~A Spoken English lesson x Positive Form Question Form Q <~<~

"H practise K O_.
Z
108
Ambition and love are the wings of great actions.
: 94406 16425
USED TO
XHHi =#= QÒ ~ Q~Q H J"@Q K O _# XH xx QiOz
zOKKO^=. P J"@ Ò^. Ò ~Q~Q K@^. XHC_
~Q~ Q KO_"~=.
J
J
J
J
<# z#C_ K Q Kk""_x.

"= = ~A ~ Q~Q P@ P_ "=.
P" JC_ guests # Q treat KO_k.
"~ XHC_ XH z# Ti x=tOK"~.
"H= QÒ XH~ ~Q~Q H J"@Q KO__ ##

zOKK#q.
D q^=Q QÒ =# z# `#O, Hl ~A =iOHC_< QÒ ~ Q~Q H

J"@Q, ^ ^ K O __ XH xx QiOz zOK@
" Used to + I form of the Verb" L yOK=#.
Note : 'Used to' J##k XH Anomalous Verb. Wk Past Tense
LyOK=#. Present Tense, Future Tense LyOK_^.
"H= Subject - Singular, Plural U^## 'used to' =K#. 'Used to'
verb ZC_ I form LO_=#.
=`"
`~"`
EXAMPLES
1.
<# < Hl ~A ~Q~Q |s

H "O_"_x.
6.
Smt. Bhanumathi used to act in Tamil

movies also once.
I used to go to library regularly during

my college days.
2. " = J C _ K
KO_"~=.
hard work
7.
We used to work hard then.
3.
4.
brother 90's Delhi Bank

Manager Q xKO_"_.
My brother used to work as a Bank
Manager in Delhi during 90' s.
Mrs. Madhavi = JC_ Hindi teach
KO_k.
Mrs. Madhavi used to teach us Hindi

then.
5.
"~ XH C _ K z# WO\
x=tO_"~.
They used to live in a small house
once.
109
N=u #=u XH C _ ` q
x= _ #\O_k.
8.
N Z< . \ . P~ . =Oz H = tH }
\ O _"~.
Sri N.T.R. used to maintain good
discipline.
N=u WOkQOn Z=Q English
=\_"~.
Smt. Indira Gandhi used to speak

English mostly.
9. P ~A h Q"~ =# HH\
\"# lead KO_"_.
Sunil Gavaskar used to lead our
Cricket team in those days.
10. N .q. #~tO~= N=u WOk~

QOnH ~[H
WO _
"~.
Sri P.V. Narasimha Rao used to advise
Smt. Indira Gandhi in politics once.
11. <# XHC_ K

K O _"_x.
heavy
smoke
I used to smoke heavily once.
12.
"= JC_ =
respect WK "O.
lecturers
H Q
We used to respect our lecturers then.
13.
= father < J C _ u <

~. 2000/ OKO_"~.
My father used to send me Rs. 2000
every month then.
14. H^" XHC_ u =K ^^

5 qH\ f<"_.
Kapil Dev used to take five wickets
almost in every match once.
15. "= z#C_ OHOu O_Q K

grand Q [~< "~=.
We used to celebrate Sankranti
festival very grand in our childhood
days.
16. XH C _ [ x*~f Q
<# Z#H<"~.
People used to elect honest leaders
once.
17.
= Hl ~A "= ``
K Q enjoy K"~=.
We used to enjoy ourselves with our
friends in our college days.
18. <# ~A u \ K
PHH ~ O Q <" _x.
I used to participate in every
competition very interestingly in my
school days.
19. J` _ XH C _ XH z#
salesman Q xKO_"_.
He used to work as a salesman in a
small shop once.
20.
= `_ P#O^ JC_ K
Z=Q money Y~ KO_"_.
My friend Anand used to spend money
lavishly then.
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE

1. <# K^ =< ~A early morning
x^
O _"_x.
2. "=
u
~A OÒ H H \ practise
KO_"~=.
3. = Head-master JC_ ==#
K severe Q tHO_"~.
4. = father < z#C_ grammar
teach KO_"~.
5. = father XHC_ ~AH 15 QO@
work KO_"~.
6. "= English =\_<
"~=.
7. = lecturers = K Q lessons
explain K K"~.
8. O _\ < ` # buttonhole
ZC_ Qa @<"~.
9. = grand mother ZC _ Q=
n`
K^=Ò_k.
10. "= z#C _
u
O=`~O "q
= = Ti Q _ ` O_
"~=.
11. <# school classes Hindi =Oz
=~ score K O _"_x.
12. " = students Q L# C _ ANR
movies Z=Q KO_"~=.
13. <# JC_ u q+O = father `
discuss K
"_x.
14. = brother XHC_ K_"i` O
KO_"_.
15. "~ JC_ u O_Q K Q
celebrate KO_"~.
Great talkers are never great doers.
110
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NEGATIVE FORM
XHHi =#= QÒ ~Q~Q H J"@Q KO_x ##
zOKKO^=. J#Q QÒ =# J"@ H Kx#.
J
J
J
J
<# J H miss J"_xH^.

P" JC_ J Z=i`# =\_k H^.
"~ XHC_ = HiOK"~ H^.
"= Hl J games P_"~= H^.
"H = XH ~ Q ` O ~ Q ~ Q H J"@Q K O _ x # #
zOKK#q.
D q^=Q QÒ =#= H "~H~ J"@HQ x, W+O HQ x ~ Q~Q K O _x

XH xx zOK@
" Did not + use to + I form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note :
"H=
Subject - Singular, Plural U^## ' did not + use to + I form'
LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1. <# JC_ J hard work K "_
H^.
2.
I did not use to work hard then.

"= school days guides follow
J"~= H^.
6. " = J C _ J
K"~= H^.
7.
We did not use to waste time at all

then.
N=u WOk~QOn J Z=ih care
8.
Smt. Indira Gandhi did not use to care

anyone.
<# XHC_ J friends ` move
We didnot use to follow guides in our

school days.
3.
P ~A L^Q OKO f<

"~ H^.
P " J C _ J Z=i`#
=\_k H^.
She did not use to talk to anybody
then.
5. "~ XH C _ J W` ~
P^~_
" ~ H^.
They did not use to depend on others
once.
111
Kk H^.
J"_x H^.
Employees did not use to take bribe

in those days.
4.
time waste
9.
I did not use to move with friends

once.
"= JC_ studies neglect K
"O H^.
We did not use to neglect our studies

then.
10. = brother z# C _ Z=i=\
q<"_ H^.
My brother did not use to listen to any

body's words in his boyhood days.
,
11.
<# JC_ Z=i q+O *HO

K <"_x H^.
I did not use to interefere in others

matter then.
12. " = J C _ H l language
classes H attend J"~= H^.
We did not use to attend language
classes in the college then.
13. P" JC_ W`~` Hek H^.
She did not use to mingle with others
then.
14. = English lecturer J ` Q
=\_"~ H^.
Our English lecturer did not use to

speak Telugu at all.
15. J`_ JC_ J _| Y~

>"
_
H^.
He did not use to spend money at all
then.
16. " = J C _ J business
accounts maintain K"~= H^.
We did not use to maintain accounts
in business then.
17. " = J C _ J taxes pay
K"~= H^.
18.
19.
EXERCISE

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
We did not use to pay taxes then.
11.
XHC_ = K_ J"@
J=~K< "~ H^.
12.
Young men didnot use to cultivate

bad habits once.
"= JC_ sH copy K
"~=
H^.
We did not use to copy in our exams

then.
20. " = J C _ essays H O ~ O
K"~= H^.
We did not use to byheart the essays

then.
: 94406 16425
13.
14.
15.
<# XHC_ J films K "_x

H^.
"= JC_ D festival celebrate
K"~= H^.
J`_ JC_ iQ duty H attend
J"_H^.
P" JC_ J WO\ #O_
|@ =KkH^.
"~ XHC_ J income tax pay
K"~H^.
"= JC_ J private schools H
""~= H^.
= lecturers JC_ = J notes
dictate K"~H^.
XHC_ =# HH\ players iQ
P_"~ H^.
< # J C _ J #= K k "
"_H^.
" = J C _ H l q<~
<" ~= H^.
P Hl JC_ donations =
K"~ H^.
= brother JC_ J money save
K"_ H^.
"~ XH C _ rules follow J
"~H^.
J`_ JC_ J iQ food
f<"_H^ .
"~ = JC_ salary iQ pay
K"~ H^.
Fools rush in where angels fear to tread.
112
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QUESTION FORM
QÒ XH~ ~Q~Q H J"@Q K ## QiOz W`~#
tOKKO^=.
J
J
J
J
g~ XHC_ D Ti x=tOK"~?
g father JC_ L.I.C x KO_"~?
"~ JC_ "~= K O _"~ ?
P" g JC_ English teach KO_^ ?
"H= XH~ QÒ ~ Q~Q H J"@Q K

## QiOz
t
OK
@# zOKK#q.
D qÔQ QÒ XHC _ ~ Q~Q H J"@Q XH~ K O __ XH xx t OK@

"Did + use to + I form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note :
"H=
U^## "Did + use
+ I form" =K#.
EXAMPLES
1.
g~ J C _ ~ Q ~ Q
<~O@O_"~?
grammar
5. "~ WO` =O^ H

O$uH
H~H== x~O_"~ ?
Did you use to learn grammar

regularly then ?
6.
Did they use to conduct the cultural

programmes in the club then ?
h= JC_ private college x
7.
Did you use to work in a private

college then ?
g~ XHC_ book shop #_Ò_
2. g~ XH C _
x=tO_"~ ?
Hyderabad
Did you use to live in Hyderabad

once?
3.
H=< JC_ Hindi films

KO_"_ ?
act
Did Kamala Hasan use to act in Hindi

films then ?
4.
P" JC_ uH H^
OÒ_^ ?
Did she use to send stories to the
magazines then ?
K O _"_" ?
"~ ?
Did you use to run a book shop once?

8.
h= J C _ u L^ O Q O_
exercise K O
_"_" ?
Did you use to take exercises in the
ground every morning then ?
10. h= JC_ HH\ Q P_KO_

"_"?
Did you use to play cricket well then ?
113
,
10.
g~ JC_ Z=Q Mathematics

^ KÒ_"~?
Did you use to concentrate on

Mathematics then ?
11. h= J C _ leisure hours Z
Q_ Ò_ "_q ?
How did you use to spend your

leisure hours then ?
12.
g~ JC_ ZH_ x=tOK"~ ?
Where did you use to live then ?

13. g father JC_ Uq KO_"~ ?
What did your father use to do then ?
14. g~ JC_ ~AH Zx QO@ =~
K"~ ?
Howmay hours did you use to work

in a day then ?
15.
h= JC_ < ZO` OkOK

"_q ?
Howmuch money did you use to earn

in a month then ?
16. g~ J C _ Z =Q U subject
Kk""~ ?
Which subject did you use to study

mostly then ?
17. Mr. Ramana g JC_ U subject
teach KO_"~ ?
Which subject did Mr. Ramana use
to teach you then ?
18. J`_ JC_ q=# sports
Z Ò _"_ ?
How did he use to encourage you in

the sports then ?
19. JC_ g "~O Z=~

KO@O_"~ ?
20.
Who used to lookafter your business

then ?
h= JC_ Z=i` Z=Q close Q
move J=Ò_"_q ?
With whom did you use to move very
close then ?
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE

1. h= z#C_ P@ Q P_Ò_
"_" ?
2. g~ JC_ ~Q~Q frieds x meet
J"~ ?
3. g father J C _ h
WO_"~ ?
4. P" WO` =O^ English poems
compose KO_^ ?
5. "~ XH C _ quiz programmes
x~O_"~ ?
6. h= J C _ g uncle WO\
LO@O_"_" ?
7. g aunt J C _ dance school
x~O_^ ?
8. g~ WO`=O^ UqKO_"~?
9. P" JC_ #Z +O_k ?
10. "~ WO` =O^ P WO\H ZO`
J^ KeOO_"~ ?
11. g brother JC_ < ZO` salary
draw KO_"_ ?
12. 90's =# HH\ \"# Z=~ lead
KO_"~ ?
13. D O g~ WO` =O^ U
O@ O_OK"~ ?
14. h= JC_ English Grammar
Z=Q U book refer K O _"_q?
15. h= student Q L#C_ g father h
< ZO` money OÒ_"~ ?
Pride goes before a fall.
Z
114
12 DAY
,
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XHHi =#= W`~` =\_K#C_ QÒ J"@ H ~Q~Q
h= XHC_ J films K "_q H^ ?

g~ JC_ D festival celebrate K<"~ H^ ?
h= JC_ J #= Kk""_q H^?
"~ g JC_ salary iQ pay K"~ H^ ?
J
J
J
J
"H= QÒ ~Q~ Q KO_x XH xx QiOz tOK@# zOK

K#q.
D q^=Q QÒ =#= H "~H~ J"@ H, W+O H ~ Q~Q K O _x XH xx

"Didn't + use to + I form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
*
Note :
"H=x
U^## 'Didn't + use to' =K#.
EXAMPLES
1. h= school days J
P_"_qH^?
2.
games
Didn't you use to play games in your

school days?
g~ JC_ answers by heart K"~
H^?
Didn't you use to byheart the answers

then ?
3. J`_ JC_ iQ xK"_H^?

Didn't he use to work properly then ?
4. P" JC_ Z=i`# =\_kH^?

5.
6.
Didn't she use to talk to anyone then?

"~ J C _ D O _ Q celebrate
K"~H^?
Didn't they use to celebrate this festival

then ?
h= JC_ movies K "_qH^?
Didn't you use to see movies then ?
115
7. g~ JC_
H^?
classes miss
J"~
Didn't you use to miss the classes

then?
8. J`_ JC_ studies

K"_H^?
concentrate
Didn't he use to concentrate on studies

then ?
9. "~ JC_ regular Q

K"~H^?
taxes pay
Didn't they use to pay taxes regularly

then ?
10. h= J C _ college H
"" _qH^?
regular
Didn't you use to go to college regularly

then?
: 94406 16425
'Wh' QUESTIONS
EXERCISE
11. g~ J C _ language classes H

ZO^ attend J"~H^?
Why didn't you use to attend language

classes then?
h= JC_ ZO^ guides follow J
1. h= JC_ answers byheart K "_q

H^ ?
2. g~ JC_ D game P_"~H^?
3. J`_ JC_ law practise KO_"_
H^ ?
4. P" JC_ gold ornaments îOKk
H^ ?
5. "~ JC_ "~O s
@|_
> "~H^?
6. h= JC_ Z=i< P^~_
"_q
H^ ?
7. g~ JC_ taxies

}O K
"~
H^ ?
8. P# JC_ U q+ = \O K<
"_H^ ?
9. P" XHC_ modern dresses îOKk
H^ ?
10. "~ XHC_ non-veg. f< "~
H^ ?
11. h= JC_ ~ Q~Q college H ZO^
"" _qH^ ?
12. g~ J C _ traffic rules ZO^
\OK"~H^ ?
13. P" JC_ g WO\ ZO^ LO_k
H^ ?
14. "~ XHC_ life # ZO^ enjoy
K"~H^ ?
15. h= z#`#O g father =@ ZO^
q<"_qH^ ?
12.
"_qH^?
Why didn't you use to follow guides

then?
13. J`_ JC_ ZO^ g =@ q<"_

H^?
Why didn't he use to listen to your
words then?
14. P" JC_ ZO^ ZH_H "k

H^?
Why didn't she use to go anywhere
then?
15. "~ J C _ ZO^ O _ Q

[i"~H^?
16.
17.
Why didn't they use to celebrate

festivals then?
h= college ~A seminors
ZO^ <" _qH^?
Why didn't you use to participate in

the seminors in your college days?
g~ J C _ ZO^ regular Q
accounts maintain K"~H^?
Why didn't you use to maintain
accounts regularly then?
18. P" JC_ =# WO\ ZO^ LO_k

H^?
19.
20.
Why didn't she use to stay in our house

then?
"~ JC_ ZO^ loans f<
"~H^?
Why didn't they use to take loans then?

h= XHC_ ZO^ money save
K "_qH^?
Why didn't you use to save money

once ?
Arise, awake and stop not till the goal is reached.
116
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REVISION
=#= D ~A Uq <~<= ?
=#= D~A =# Spoken English Course "Used to + I form of the Verb"
J# structure QiOz <~<=. nxx grammar Anomalous Verb JO\~. nx
1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form 4. Negative Question Form J# 4
1.
POSITIVE FORM :
QÒ HO`HO ~ Q~Q H J"@Q ^

^
K
O _# XH xx QiOz
zOK@ "Used to + I form of the Verb " LyOK =#.
Ex :
1. I used to write letters to the foreigners then.

2. We used to help one another in our college days.
3. She used to teach us Hindi in our school days.
2.
NEGATIVE FORM :
QÒ HO`HOQ ~Q~Q Qx, J"@H Qx =#= Kx XH xx

QiOz zOK@ "Didnot + use to + I form of the Verb " L
yOK=#.
Ex :
1. I did not use to go to library in my school days.

2. We did not use to miss the classes then.
3. He did not use to work hard once.
3.
QUESTION FORM :
QÒ HO`H= ~ Q~Q Qh, J"@Q Qh K O __ XH xx QiOz

t O K @# zOK @ "Did + use to + I form of the Verb "
LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. Did you use to play games in your school days?

2. Did he use to stay with you in those days?
3. Did they use to celebrate every festival grandly then ?
4.
QÒ x HO` HO J"@ H ~ Q~Q K O _x XH xx QiOz negative

sense tOK@# zOK@ "Didn't+use to + I form of Verb "
LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. Didn't you use to attend the classes regularly at school ?

2. Didn't he use to pay rent regularly then ?
3. Didn't they use to maintain the accounts regularly once ?
117
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I Form
II Form
III Form
221. dictate
dictated
dictated
222. die
died
died
223. differ
differed
differed
224. digest
digest
digest
225. dilute
dilute
dilute
226. diminish
diminished
diminished
227. dine
dined
dined
227. dip
dipped
dipped
228. direct
directed
directed
229. discover
discovered
discovered
230. dismiss
dismissed
dismissed
231. diosperse
dispersed
dispersed
232. dispute
disputed
disputed
233. distribute
disributed
disributed
234. disturb
disturbed
disturbed
235. divert
diverted
diverted
236. divide
divided
divided
237. dominate
dominated
dominated
238. drag
dragged
dragged
239. drown
drowned
drowned
240. ebb
ebbed
ebbed
D ~A
Meaning
K "~OK@
Kx=@
"~ Ja=
HeyO_@
r~=K@
h~He K#K
`yOK@
[#=K @
=#Q@
îK@
H#Q#@
`yOK@
Kki=@
`Q=_@
Oz@@
P@OH~K@
=eOK@
Oz@@
JkH~=
K~OK
D_@, Q@
h\ =xy=@
WOH=@

Z
118
A little learning is a dangerous thing.
: 94406 16425
POSSESSIONS -PRESENT
=#= Hey# "\x Possessives JO^~.
XHHi =#= Ò =#O ^ "~=~< Hey# "\ QiOz
zOKKO^=.
< D ~A urgent work =#k.

J`xH `= =Oz income =#k.
J
J
J
J
= D < public exams =#q.

P" XH gold necklace =#k.
D "H= Ò =#O ^ "~=~< Hey# "\ QiOz zOKK#q.
D q^=Q ` O =#= =\_ K# ==# J#Q D ~A, D "~O, D <, D

O=`~O, ` O =#= H "~H~ Hey#@=O\ "\ QiOz zOK@
"Have / Has"
LyOK=#.
*
Note :
"H=
I, We, You, They - Subject Q
=#_ 'have' LyOK=#.

He, She, It - Subject Q =#_ 'has' LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1. < D ~A WO@~ L#k.
6. < W^~ sisters L<~.
I have an interview today.
2. = D "~O
English test
I have two sisters.
=#k.
7. = WO\ Jx facilities =<~.
We have English test this week.
3. = brother government Job =#k.

My brother has a govt. Job.
We have all facilities in our house.
8.
Sachin Tendulkar
batting =Oz
skill =#k.
4. = sister college =Oz friends

L<~.
Sachin Tendulkar has good skill in
My sister has good friends in the
9. = cousin H =Oz knowledge =#k.
college.
5. "iH D
=#k.
My cousin has good knowledge.

town
=Oz |_
They have good influence in this town.

119
batting.
10. "iH D
=#k.
town
=Oz
property
They have good property in this town.
11. =
H teaching =Oz
experience =#k.
uncle
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE
My uncle has good experience in

teaching.
12. = D "~O
=#k.
office
inspection
1. < WC_ English class =#k.

2. = Hl ^ |s =#k.
We have inspection in our office this

week.
13. = D work K risk =#k.

We have much risk in this work.
14. "iH D ~A town meeting =#k.

They have a meeting in the town today.
15. < D ~A 1020 temperature =#k.

I have a temperature of 1020 today.
16. = D < public sH =#q.

We have public examinations this
month.
3. J`xH driving licence =#k.

4. P" =Oz qualifications =#q.
5. "iH Ti lands =#q.
6. Jq`|K< =Oz Ja=#
=<~.
7. = D town K =Ok
|O^= =<~ .
8. = Hh ` O =
problem =#k.
water
9. "iH WC_ = =<~.
17. = brother H =Oz income =#k.

My brother has good income.
18. P" WO\ =Oz `= =#k.

She has good encouragement in her
house.
19. < D ~A P
=#k.
heavy work
I have heavy work in the office today.
20. = D i K
=<~.
opportunities
We have many opportunities this time.
10. HOQ H ~"

O@ =Oz "*i\
=#k.
11. WC_ <^Q~ ~. 2000 =#q.
12. = WO\ = internet facility =#k.
13. < ^Q~ Oxford Dictionary =#k.
14. < D~A i rest =#k.
15. "iH WO\ K=Ok
=<~.
servants
What cannot be cured must be endured.
120
PRESENT - NEGATIVE FORM
: 94406 16425
NEGATIVE FORM
XHHi =#=

` =
=\_ K# ==# HeyO_x "\x QiOz
zOKKO^=.
"iH J principles LO_=.

= brother H Ò U income ^.
J
J
J
J
= D "~O school tests =.

P" J friends ~.
"H= Ò XH~ HeyO_x "\x QiOz zOKK#q.
D q^=Q ` = =#= =\_ K# ==# D ~A, D "~O, D <, D

O=`~O =#= H "~H~ HeyO_x "\x QiOz zOK@
"Donot / Does not + have " LyOK =#.
*
Note :
"H=
Q L#C_ "do not have"
Subject Q L#C_ "does not have" LyOK=#.
I, We, You, They > Subject

He, She, It >
EXAMPLES
1. < D ~A office work ^.
I don't have work in the office today.
2. = D ~A English class ^.
We don't have English class today.
3. h J commonsense ^.
You don't have common sense at all.
4. J`xH D ~A duty ^.
He doesn't have duty today.
5. P" WH_ J friends ~.

She doesn't have friends here at all.
7. < ^Q~ WC_ _| ^.

I don't have money with me now.
8. = TiH bus facility ^.

We don't have bus facility to our village.
9. = brother H driving licence ^.

My brother doesn't have the driving
licence.
10. = J property ^.
We don't have property at all.
11. "iH J = LO_=.

They don't have problems at all.
6. "iH ~.
They don't have children.
121
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE
12. < J leisure LO_^.
I don't have leisure at all.
13. = Hl J |s ^.
We don't have library in our college.
14. J`xH J L^Q J=H= =.

He doesn't have job opportunities at
all.
1. < ^Q~ text books =.

2. = D O=`~O inspection ^.
3. g D ~A meeting ^.
4. = brother H govt. job ^.
15. P" J WO\

K ^ .
5. P"H WO\ J encouragement ^ .
She doesn't have freedom in her
6. "iH own house ^.
house at all.
16. J`xH Ò J U PÔ ^.

He doesn't have any income at
present.
7. < J job risk ^.

8. = J transfer LO_^.
9. J`xH J common sense ^.
17. K =Ok ~ f WOH

u<O^ uO_^ .
Many Indians still don't have food to
10. P" J
^.
eat.
11. "iH J H$`[` ^.
They don't have houses to live in.
19. Ò = = =.
We don't have holidays at present.
business
knowledge
12. < J business profit ^.
18. "iH LO_O^ W=.
20. J`xH J
^.
English
experience
13. = D O=`~O bonus ^.

14. ~ QOnH J ~[HOQ
experience ^.
15. = Ò WH_ U =^.
He doesn't have experience in

business.
Z
Self help is the best help.
122
PRESENT - QUESTION FORM
: 94406 16425
QUESTION FORM
XHHi =#=

` =
XH~ Hey#"\x QiOz
t
OKKO^=.
D ~A WH_ h work =#^?

D"~O g = =<?
J
J
J
J
WC_ h ^Q~ money =#^?

J`xH government job =#^?
"H= =#=

` =
Hey#"\x QiOz
t
OK@# zOKK#q.
D q^=Q =#= =\_ K# ==# WC_, D ~A, ` O , D"~O, D<,

D O=`~O =#= H "~H~ Hey#@=O\ "\x QiOz t OK@
" Do / Does + have" LyOK=#.
*
Note :
"H=
I, We, You, They - subject Q

He, She, It - subject Q
=#_ ' Do +
=#_ ' Does +
have'
have'
=K#.
=K#.
EXAMPLES
1. h D~A English class =#^?
Do you have English class today?
2. g D "~O screening test =#^?

Do you have screening test this week?
3. h brothers =<~?
Do you have brothers?
4. g u Pk"~O = =O@O^?
Do you have a holiday every Sunday?
5. g brother H vehicle =#^?

Does your brother have a vehicle ?
6. g WO\ g Jx =` =<
?
Do you have all facilities in your house?
123
7. P" English =Oz

=#^?
knowledge
Does she have good knowledge in

English?
8. "iH D
=#^?
town
=Oz
influence
Do they have good influence in this

town?
9. g father H WOH K
=#^?
years service
Does your father have still many year

service ?
10. P" gold ornaments =<?

Does she have gold ornaments?
EXERCISE
'Wh' QUESTIONS
11. h ^~}OQ
=O@Ok ?
leisure
Z C _
When do you usually have leisure?
12. h ZO`=Ok sisters =<~ ?

risk
Hey
Why do you have risk unnecessarily?
14. g D O=`~O Zx
=<~?

1. g u ~A duty LO@O^ ?
2. g u O =` ~ O
LO@O^?
Howmany sisters do you have?
13. ZO^ h= J#=~OQ

O\= ?
: 94406 16425
subjects
3. g
inspection
H business =Oz
experience L#^ ?
brother
4. P" college =Oz

L<~ ?
friends
Howmany subjects do you have this
5. "iH O` house L#^ ?
year ?
6. h WC_ WH_ U"< work L#^?
15. J`xH ~AH Zx hours duty =O@Ok?

Howmany hour duty does he have in
a day?
16. J`xH <H ZO` PÔ LO@Ok?

Howmuch income does he have in a
month ?
17. P"
Zx O=`~
experience =#k ?
teaching
Howmany years experience does she

have in teaching?
18. WC_ h ^Q~ ZO` money =#k?

Howmuch moeny do you have now?
19. g own house ZH_ =#k?

Where do you have own house?
20. "iH ZO`=Ok =<~?
7. g D < public exams L<?

8. "iH D town relations L<~ ?
9. h ^Q~ Physics text book L#^ ?
10. D ~A OÒ g
L#^ ?
meeting
11. g college ~AH Zx

LO\~ ?
classes
12. J`_ ZO^ ZC_ W`~`

`Q^ Hey=O\_ ?
13. g #Qi Z=iH D ~A
L#k ?
duty
14. g D ~A = ZO^ L#k ?

15. D ~A
L#k?
Howmany children do they have?
Haste leads to waste.
Jr. Inter students
H U
test
Z
124
: 94406 16425

XHHi =#= W`~ ` =\_ K#C _

` O XH~ Hey O_x "\x
QiOz negative sense tOKKO^=.
h ^Q~ WC_ money ^?

J`xH Ò L^QO ^?
J
J
J
J
g Ò = " ?
"iH Ò PÔ ^?
"H = ` O XH ~ H e y O_ x "\ x Q iOz t O K @#

zOKK#q.
D q^=Q `= =#= =\_K# ==# J#Q D~A, D<,

D O=`~=, ` O XH~ HeyO_x "\x QiOz negative sense tOK@#
zOK@
"Don't / Doesn't + have " LyOK=#.
*
Note :
"H=
Q L#C_ "Don't have" =K#.

He, She, It - Subject Q L#C_ "Doesn't have" =K#.
I, We, You, They - Subject
EXAMPLES
1. h sisters ~?
Don't you have sisters?
2. g D~A computer class ^?

Don't you have computer class today?
3. h J common sense ^?
Don't you have common sense at all?
4. g D < J ="?
Don't you have holidays this month?
5. J` x H D ~A Uq
work ^ ?
Doesn't he have any work today?
6. P"H WH_ U problem ^?

Doesn't she have any problem here?
7. "iH J property ^?
Don't they have property at all?
125
8. "iH ~?
Don't they have children?
9. h ^Q~ WC_ money ^?

Don't you have money with you now?
10. g Ti internet H~O ^?

Don't you have internet facility in your
village?
11. h ~# guidance ^?
Don't you have proper guidance?
12. g brother H
^?
teaching
experience
Doesn't your brother have experience

in teaching?
,
'Wh' QUESTIONS
13. g D ~A classes ZO^=?
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE
Why don't you have classes today?
14. h D ~A duty ZO^^?

Why don't you have duty today?
15. g =^ unity ZO^^?

Why don't you have unity among you?
16. J`xH P post eligibility ZO^^ ?

Why doesn't he have eligibility for that
post ?
17. P" JH_ ZO^ freedom ^?

Why doesn't she have freedom there?
18. "iH D
=?
festival
H = ZO^
Why don't they have holidays for this

festival?
19. h WC_ work ZO^^?

Why don't you have work now?
20. "iH D O=`~O profits ZO^=?

Why don't they have profits this year?
21. J`xH job ZO^ ^?

Why doesn't he have a job?
22. P" g co-operation ZO^^?

Why doesn't she have your cooperation?
23. J`xH i# PÔ ZO^^?

Why doesn't he have sufficient income?
24. "iH J leisure ZOÔ_^?
1. h ^Q~ English Text Book ^?

2. g town

` O water problem ^?
3. P" brothers ~?
4. J`xH regular income ^?
5. "iH D Ti own house ^?
6. J`xH J
^?
business
experience
7. P"H J
^?
science
knowledge
8. "iH J O#
^?
water supply
9. < Di J=HO ^?
10. =# Di election duty ^?
11. h ^Q~ driving licence ZO^ ^?
12. "iH ZO^ ~?
13. J`xH ZO^ ^~ O ^ ?
14. J`xH ZO^ =Oz qualities =?
15. "iH J
LO_^?
Sunday work
ZO^
Why don't they have leisure at all?
Z
A good teacher is worth one thousand priests.
126
: 94406 16425
REVISION
=#= D ~A Uq <~<= ?
=#= D~A =# Spoken English Course 'Have / Has' QiOz <~<=.
D ~ O_O\x grammar Anomalous Verbs JO\~. nx =#= 1. Positive
Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form 4. Negative Question Form J# 4 parts
<~<=. D 4 parts XHi revise KO^=.
1.
POSITIVE FORM :
V`= =#= Hey#@=O\ "\x QiOz zOK@ "Have / Has "

LyOK=#.
Ex :
2.
1. I have good friends here.
2. We have a test today.
3. She has a gold necklace.
4. He has good experience in business.
NEGATIVE FORM :
V

` =
=#= HeyO_x "\x QiOz zOK@ "don't / doesn't have"
LyOK=#.
Ex :
3.
1. I don't have the driving licence.
2.
We don't have any problem here.
3. He doesn't have a job.
4.
She doesn't have brothers.
QUESTION FORM :
V`= =#= Hey#@=O\ "\x QiOz tOK@# zOK@

"Do / Does + have " LyOK=#.
Ex :
4.
1. Do you have leisure today?
2. Do you have an interview this week?
3. Does he have good income?
4. Does she have a fever now?
V`= =#= HeyO_x "\x QiOz negative sense tOK@#

zOK@ "Don't / Doesn't have" LyOK =#.
Ex :
127
1. Don't you have any work today?
2. Don't you have rest at all?
2. Doesn't she have classes today ?
3. Doesn't he have money with him now?
: 94406 16425

I Form
II Form
III Form
241.
educate
educated
educated
242.
elaborate
elaborated
elaborated
243.
elect
elected
elected
244.
elope
eloped
eloped
245.
emigrate
emigrated
emigrated
246.
emphasize
emphasized
emphasized
247.
enclose
enclosed
enclosed
248.
encourage
encouraged
encouraged
249.
engage
engaged
engaged
250.
enjoy
enjoyed
enjoyed
251.
enlarge
enlarged
enlarged
252.
enroll
enrolled
enrolled
253.
enter
entered
entered
254.
entertain
entertained
entertained
255.
eradicate
eradicated
eradicated
256.
escape
escaped
escaped
257.
escort
escorted
escorted
258.
establish
established
established
259.
estimate
estimated
estimated
260.
exaggerate
exaggerated
exaggerated
D ~A
Meaning
K^= KOK@
qiOK@
Z#H#@

x` i=@
==@
<HKC@
[`K@
ÒK@
x=Q"O_@
J#qOK@
qiO*@
*a` ~K~@
"tOK@
q<^~K@
~=@
ÒKH#@
`_Q "@
O K@
q= x~~OK@
JuHQ KC@

Z
128
Power comes from sincere service.
: 94406 16425
POSSESSIONS - PAST
XHHi =#= QÒ x XH == #O^ XH~ HeyO_# "\x QiOz
zOKKO^=.
= x# = LO_#k.
J <^Q~
x# ~. 500 LO_#q.
= x# P K work =O_#k. J "iH XHC_ =Oz property =O_#k.
J
J
D "H= QÒ x XH == #O^ XH~ HeyO_# "\x QiOz

zOKK#q.
D qÔQ QÒ x XH ==#O^ J#Q x#, Q`" ~O, Q`< , Q` O=`~O H

QÒ x =i W`~ ==#O^# # =#= H "~H~ Hey O_# "\x QiOz
zOK@
'Had' LyOK =#.
*
Note :
"H=
U^## 'had' LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1. x# <^Q~ ~. 5000 LO_#q.
I had Rs. 5000 with me yesterday.
2.
last Sunday
=O_#k.
< K<
Last month
LO_#q.
public exams
= cousin H JC_
LO_#k.
government job
My cousin had a govt. job then.
5. = x#
LO_#k.
office
heavy work
We had heavy work in office yesterday.

129
7.
H J C _ =Oz
LO_#k.
N.T.R.
popularity
N.T.R. had a good popularity then.
8. XHC _ "iH 100 acres land LO_#k.
We had public examinations last

month.
stable
We had a stable government at centre

once.
interview
I had an interview in Chennai last

Sunday.
3.
6. =# XH C _ H O ^ O
government LO_k.
They had 100 acres land once.
9. < x#
LO_#k.
Journey
=Oz HOh
I had a good company on my journey

yesterday.
10. P" ~u K [~= LO_#k.

She had a high fever last night.
11. a.*. . H QÒ `q<_ _. O.H .

support LO_#k.
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE
The B.J.P. had the support of D.M.K. in

Tamil Nadu in the past.
12. "iH JC_ K

LO_q.
job opportunities
They had many job opportunities once.
13. = last
LO_#k.
Sunday special class
We had a special class last Sunday.
14. = JC_
LO_<~.
experienced lecturers
We had experienced lecturers then.
15. x# =
= LO_#k.
We had a holiday yesterday.
16. WOk~, ~r" HO HOQ sH

=Oz support LO_#k.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
The congress party had the people's

support during the tenure of Indira and
Rajeev.
17.
Last year business

profits
"iH =Oz
LO_#q.
They had good profits in their business
10.
11.
12.
last year.
18. = =^ XHC _ =Oz unity LO_k.
13.
We had good unity among us once.
19. =# WO_< \O =# XHC _

=Oz spin bowlers LO_"~.
We had good spin bowlers in our Indian
team once.
20. J`xHC _ =Oz PÔ LO_#k.
14.
15.
= last Sunday EAMCET LO_#k.

< x# QO@~ work LO_#k.
= last year six subjects LO_#q.
P"H JC_ K ornaments LO_#q.
J`xHC _ K = LO_#q.
= last month WH_ heavy rains
LO_#q.
= last week u~= =Oz
^~ #= aOz#k.
"iH last year =Oz harvest (O@)
LO_#k.
= last time "i co-operation
LO_#k.
"iH last week Hyderabad training
classes LO_#q.
= JC_ WO\ XH pet dog LO_k.
< WO`=O^ Andhra Bank
Account LO_k.
= x# office XH urgent meeting
LO_#k.
XHC_ "iH D \< six buildings
LO_#q.
= JC_ Hl =Oz friends
LO_"~.
He had good income then.
Too many cooks spoil the broth.
Z
130
: 94406 16425
NEGATIVE FORM
XHHi =#= QÒ x XH == #O^ HeyO_x "\x QiOz
zOKKO^=.
J
J
< JC_ D town J friends ~. J = x# Hl HO@~ H ^.

P" JC_ J gold ornaments =. J = brother H x# office duty =.
"H= QÒx XH == #O^ XH~ HeyO_x "\x QiOz

zOKK#q.
D q^=Q QÒ x XH == #O^ x#, Q`" ~O, Q` <, Q` O=`~O, XHC _

H QÒx =i W`~ ==#O^## =#= H "~H~ HeyO_x "\x QiOz
zOK@
"Did not + have " LyOK=#.
*
Note :
"H=
Subject > Singular, Plural
U^##
"did not + have" LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1. = x# J leisure ^.
We did not have leisure yesterday.
2. < ^Q~ x# J money ^.
6. "iH JC_ own house ^.

They did not have own house then.
7. = JC_ Hl =Oz staff ~.
I did not have money with me
We did not have good staff in our
yesterday.
college then.
3. = x# = colony power supply

^.
We did not have power supply in our
colony yesterday.
4. = brother H JC_ D L^Q= ^ .

My brother did not have this job then.
5. P"H x# J qOu ^.
She did not have rest yesterday.
8. = JC_
H=.
entrance tests
We did not have entrance tests then.
9. J`xH JC_ J work LO_k H^.

He did not have work at all then.
10. "iH JC_ study classes LO_q H=.

They did not have study classes then.
11. < JC_ J =O_k H^.

I did not have fear at all then.
131
LO_q
12. XH C _ =# ^ O =#H Wx
=O_q H=.
We did not have all these problems in
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE
our country once.
13. J` x H J C _
parents
#Oz
^.
encouragement
He did not have encouragement from

his parents then.
14. = ~A = J D H~
=.
We did not have all these courses in
Last year =
=Oz O@ =.
We did not have good harvest last

year.
16.
Last year =
J practicals =.
We did not have preacticals last year.
17. P" JC_ P WO\

LO_k H^.
freedom
She did not have freedom in that

house then.
18. "iH JC_ business profits LO_q

H=.
They did not have profits in business
then.
19. = JC_ J job opportunities

LO_q H=.
We did not have job opportunities
then.
20. = father ^Q~ = JC_ leniance

LO_k H^.
We did not have lenience with our
father then.
2. = JC_
H^.
third language
LO_k
3. = brother H JC_ D car ^.

4. P"H JC_ Degree qualification ^.
5. "iH JC_ D town vote ^ .
our days.
15.
1. < last year text books =.
6. = JC_ = Z=Q LO_q

H=.
7. < ^Q~ P time camera ^.
8. = x# office meeting ^.
9. J`xH XHC _ WH_ J |O^=
~.
10. P" XH C _ J
knowledge _ ^.
minimum
11. "iH JC_ WH_ O ^.

12. < J C _ computer
J=Q# ^.
course
13. = JC_ Hr lab facilities =.

14. JC_ L^Q loan H~O^.
15. x# P >" < ^Q~
^.
driving licence
A thing of beauty is a joy forever.
132
: 94406 16425
QUESTION FORM
XHHi =#= QÒ x XH == #O^ XH~ HeyO_# "\x QiOz
tOKKO^=.
h x# interview =O_#^?
J`xH last month training =O_#^?
J
J
J
J
g JC_ K property =O_^?

P" x# fever =O_#^?
"H= QÒ x XH == #O^ XH~ HeyO_# "\x QiOz

tOK@# zOKK#q.
D qÔQ QÒ x XH ==#O^ J#Q x#, Q`" ~=, Q` <, Q` O=`~= H

QÒ x =i W`~ ==#O^# # =#= H "~H~ HeyO_# "\x QiOz
tOK@
" Did + have" LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=
Subject - Singular, Plural U^## ' Did + have'
=K#.
EXAMPLES
1. x# h ^Q~ money =O_#^?
Did you have money with you
yesterday?
2.
Last Sunday
special class
=O_#^?
Did you have a special class last
Sunday?
3.
Last month
public exams
=O_#"?
Did you have public exams last month?
4.
Last year
J` x H =Oz
income
=O_#^?
Did he have good income last year?
5. P" x# P
g\OQ LO_#^?
Did she have a meeting in the office
yesterday?
133
6. "iH JC_ K property LO_#^?

Did they have good property then?
7. h JC_ close firends =O_<~?

Did you have close friends then?
8. g JC_
LO_<~?
college
=Oz
staff
Did you have good staff in the college

then?
9. g brother H JC_
=O_#^?
government job
Did your brother have a govt. job then?
10. "iH JC_ u Pk"~O

=O_^?
holiday
Did they have a holiday every Sunday

then?
EXERCISE
'Wh' QUESTIONS
11. h last
LO_#k?
Sunday interview
ZH _
Where did you have the interview last

Sunday?
12. g last year Zx subjects =O_#q?

How many subjects did you have last
year?
13. x# h ^Q~ ZO` moeny LO_#k?

How much moeny did you have with
you yesterday?
14. g~ x# ZO^ J` x ` ` Q ^
Hey<~ ?
Why did you have a quarrel with him
yesterday?
15. x# h holiday ZO^ LO_#k?

Why did you have a holiday yesterday?
16. Q` ~"
O\ HOQ ZO` =Ok
LO_<~.
Howmany members did the congress
party have in the last Parliament?
17.
last month h account
: 94406 16425
ZO` amount

1. h x# <` work LO_#^ ?
2. g last Sunday exam LO_#^ ?
3. J`xH XHC _ s ^q
=O_^ ?
4. P" x# high temperature LO_#^?
5. "iH XH C _ K
LO_< ?
problems
6. h last year =Oz income LO_#^?

7. g XHC_ "i =^` LO_^ ?
8. J` x H
z# C _ ` e ^ O _
encouragement LO_^ ?
9. g JC_
LO_^ ?
drinking water facility
10. "iH XH C _ D toun =Oz

influence LO_#^ ?
=O_#k?
11. g last time training ZH_ LO_#k?
Howmuch amount did you have on

your account last month?
12. NH $ + ^ = ~ ` # court
ZO`=Ok poets # HeyO_<_?
18. WO`H=O^ g ZO`=Ok

Workers =O_i?
Howmany workers did you have in
your shop then?
19. h JC_ < ZO` income =O_k?

Howmuch income did you have per
month then?
20. "iH JC_ Zx ZH~ q LO_k?

Howmany acres land did they have
then?
13. g last month Zx

LO_<~ ?
working days
14. x# P time h ^Q~ ZO`

LO_#k ?
money
15. ~u g party U hotel LO_#k ?
Neither a borrower nor a lender be.
134
: 94406 16425

XHHi =#= QÒ x XH ==#O^ XH~ HeyO_x "\x QiOz
x# h computer class ^?
P" x# J rest ^?
J
J
J
J
g JC_ own house ^?

J`xH JC_ D L^QO ^?
"H= QÒ XH~ HeyO_x "\x QiOz

t
OK@# zOKK#q.
D q^=Q QÒ XH ==#O^ J#Q x#, Q` "~O, Q` <, Q` O=`~= H

QÒ =i W`~ ==#O^## =#= H "~H~ HeyO_x "\x QiOz
negative sense tOK@
"Didn't + have" LyOK=#.
*
Note :
"H=
Subject - Singular, Plural U^## "Didn't + have"
=K#.
EXAMPLES
1. x# g classes "?
Didn't you have classes yesterday?
2.
Last week h office duty ^?

Didn't you have duty in the office last
week?
3. J`xH JC_ D job ^?

Didn't he have this job then?
4. P"H x# WO\ work Ug^?

Didn't she have any work in the house
yesterday?
5. "iH XHC_ J property ^?

Didn't they have property at all once?
6. h ^Q~ x# money ^?
Didn't you have money with you
yesterday?
135
7. g P ~A
H"?
entrance tests
LO_q
Didn't you have entrance tests in those

days?
8. "iH last year business profits "?

Didn't they have profits in the business
last year?
9. g XH C _ L^Q J=H =
LO_qH"?
Didn't you have job opportunities once?
10. "i ^Q~ x# tickets "?

Didn't they have tickets with them
yesterday?
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE
'Wh' QUESTIONS
11. x# h duty ZO^^?

Why didn't you have duty yesterday?
12. h ^Q~ P time licence ZO^^?

Why didn't you have the licence with
you at that time?
13. g x# JH_
^?
programme
ZO^
Why didn't you have a programme there

yesterday?
14. g last Sunday school test ZO^

^?
Why didn't you have test in the school
last Sunday?
15. h JC_ D
^?
post
H ZO^ J~`
Why didn't you have eligibility for this

post then ?
16. J`xH last

~^?
year promotion
ZO^
Why didn't he have a promotion last

year?
17. "i =^ JC_ unity ZO^ ^?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
18. g last month exams `~ "`

=
ZO^ =?
12.
19. Last time J`xH "i support ZO^

^?
Why didn't he have their support last
time?
20.
g JC_
H= ?
office
inspection
^?
Why didn't they have unity among them

then?
Why didn't you have holidays after the

exams last month?
Last year
13.
14.
15.
Last Sunday
office
meeting
^ ?
x# h ^Q~ P time money ^?
g JC_ Sanskrit subject LO_k
H^?
"iH JC_ WH_ U problem ^?
x# h J leisure ^?
g TiH JC_ bus =u LO_k
H^?
J`xH JC_ "~O J#=O
^?
g J C _ "~ O O profits
ZO^ LO_qH=?
J`xH JC_ regular income ZO^
^?
h student days h close friends
ZO^ ~?
h= last time "i H~O ZO^
HeyO_^?
x# P" ZO^ rest ^?
Last time "iH D J=HO ZO^
~^?
x# h= lunch ZO^ HeyO_
^?
night duties ZOÔ_q
Why didn't you have night duties then?
A true friend is one soul in two bodies.
136
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REVISION
=#= D ~A Uq <~<= ?
D~A =#= =# Spoken English Course 'Had" QiOz <~<=.
'Had' # grammar Anomalous Verb JO\~. nxx Past tense L
y=.
nx 1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form 4. Negative Question Form
1.
POSITIVE FORM :
=#= Q ` O H e y O_# "\ x Q iOz zOK @

LyOK=#.
Ex :
2.
"Had"
1. I had an interview last Sunday.
2. We had holidays last month.
3. He had many problems once.
4. They had heavy work yesterday.
NEGATIVE FORM :
=#= QÒ HeyO_x "\x QiOz zOK@ "Did not + have"

LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. I did not have class work yesterday. 3. He did not have rest yesterday.
2. We did not have any problem then. 4. They didn't have this property
once.
3.
QUESTION FORM :
=#= QÒ HeyO_# "\x QiOz

t
OK@# zOK@ "Did +
have" LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. Did you have work yesterday?
2. Did you have good opportunities once?
3. Did he have training last month?4. Did they have good harvest last time ?
4.
=#= QÒ HeyO_x "\x QiOz negative sense tOK@#

zOK@ "Didn't + have" LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. Didn't you have class yesterday?

2. Didn't he have this job then?
3. Didn't she have good company on journey yesterday?
4. Didn't they have income once ?
137
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I Form
II Form
III Form
261. examine
examined
examined
262. exchange
exchanged
exchanged
263. excuse
excused
excused
264. exercise
exercised
exercised
265. exceed
exceeded
exceeded
266. exhibit
exhibitted
exhibitted
267. exist
existed
existed
268. expand
expanded
expanded
269. expose
exposed
exposed
270. express
expressed
expressed
271. extend
extended
extended
272. fabricate
fabricated
fabricated
273. facilitate
facilitated
facilitated
274. fade
faded
faded
275. fail
failed
failed
276
fascinated
fascinated
277. fast
fasted
fasted
278. fear
feared
feared
279. feign
feigned
feigned
280
felicitated
felicitated
fascinate
felicitate
D ~A
Meaning
sHOK@
WzKH#@
=xOK@, HqOK@
JOK@
JuHqOK@
îOK@
rqOzO_@
qiOK@
|~K@
è~K@
qiOK@
HeOK@
=K @
HOu#=Q@
q=Q@
W+_#@ K@
L"=O_@
_ @
#\OK@
Ja#OkOK@

Z
138
Where there is light, there is a shadow.
: 94406 16425
POSSESSIONS - FUTURE
XHHi =#= q+` x XH == #O^ HeyO_= "\x QiOz
zOKKO^=.
J
J
< ~ college special class LO@Ok. J P" ~ qOu LO@Ok.

= exams `~ "` = LO\~.
J "iH D i =Oz profits LO\~.
"H= q+` x XH == #O^ XH~ Hey O_= "\x

QiOz zOKK#q.
D qÔQ q+` x XH == #O^ ~ , =K "~O, =K <, =K O=`~O H

q+`x =i W`~ == #O^## =#= H "~H~ HeyO_= "\x
QiOz zOK@
"Will have" L yOK=#.
*
Note :
U^##
"Will have"
LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1. < ~ P
LO@Ok.
special duty
You will have a bright future.
I will have special duty in the office

tomorrow.
2. = =K Pk"~O Hl
LO@Ok.
function
We will have function in the college

next Sunday.
3. = brother H
LO@Ok.
6. g selection ` ~ "`
LO@Ok.
training
You will have training after the

selection.
7. "iH D
LO\~.
season
=Oz
sales
next year promotion
They will have good sales in this

season.
My brother will have a promotion next

year.
8. = =K < school P@ \
LO\~.
4. "iH =K
LO\~.
139
5. h =Oz q+` LO@Ok.
public exams
We will have sports competitions in our

school next month.
They will have public examinations

next March.
9. g sH `~"` = LO\~.
March
You will have holidays after the

examinations.
10. h D q+O =
LO@Ok.
co-operation
You will have our co-operation in this

matter.
11. g =~ WOHH J=HO LO@Ok.

You will have another opportunity.
12. J`xH JH_ K troubles LO\~.

He will have many troubles there.
13. "iH next year K syllabus LO@Ok.

They will have heavy syllabus next
year.
14. < next year increment LO@Ok.

I will have increment next year.
15. =# =K E< Municipal elections

LO\~.
We will have Municipal elections next
June.
16. g next
LO@Ok.
month
JH _
seminar
You will have a seminar there next

month.
17. = brother next Sunday Hyderabad

g\OQ LO@Ok.
My brother will have a meeting in
Hyderabad next Sunday.
18. P" ~ HO\H operation LO@Ok.

She will have an operation to her eye
tomorrow.
19. "iH next

LO@Ok.
year =Oz Q i O
They will have good
recognition next year.
20. < ~ K leisure LO@Ok.
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE

1. h ~ D q+ O < help
LO@Ok.
2. g JH _ =Oz programmes
LO\~.
3. = brother H next month Delhi
interview LO@Ok.
4. g next year WOHH ~O_ subjects
LO\~.
5. P" D medicine ^~ quick relief
LO@Ok.
6. = ~ JH_ =Oz entertainment
LO@Ok.
7. g ~ JH_ K >" LO@Ok.
8. h D q+ O "i H~ O
LO@Ok.
9. = D ~A Hl staff meeting
LO@Ok.
10. h life Jx comforts LO\~.
11. h God blessings LO\~.
12. J`xH u q+O WH #Oz =
support LO@Ok.
13. "iH D i K f="#
punishment
LO@Ok.
14. h future J`x =# K troubles
LO\~.
15. g D i =Oz remuneration
LO@Ok.
I will have much leisure tomorrow.
Time and tide wait for none.
140
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NEGATIVE FORM
XHHi q+` x XH == #O^ =#= HeyO_x "\x QiOz
zOK KO^=.
J
J
< ~ office duty =O_^.

h WH transfer =O_^.
J
J
= next week classes =O_=.

J`xH WH U = LO_^.
"H= q+` x XH ==#O^ =#= HeyO_x "\x QiOz

zOKK#q.
D q^=Q q+` x XH ==#O^ ~ , =K" ~O, =K< , =K O=`~O H

q+` x =i W`~ ==#O^# # =#= H "~H~ HeyO_x "\x QiOz
zOK@
" Will not + have" LyOK=#.
*
Note :
Subject Singular, Plural U^## ' will not + have'
=K#.
EXAMPLES
1. < ~ U work =O_^.
6. h =~ D J=HO LO_^.
I will not have any work tomorrow.
2. = =KPk"~O test =O_^.

We will not have test next Sunday.
3. = brother H WH promotion =O_^.

My brother will not have a promotion.
4. = exams `~"` = =O_=.

We will not have holidays after the
141
again.
7. = WH increment =O_^.
We will not have any increment.
9. g WH work risk =O_^.

You will not have any risk in the work.
10. P"H WH JH_ U problem =O_^.

She will not have any problem there.
exams.
5. J`xH WH =
You will not have this opportunity
co-operation
=O_^.
11. "iH next season sales =O_=.
He will not have our co-operation
They will not have sales in the next
hereafter.
season.
11. "iH ~ Hh power supply

=O_^. They will not have power
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE
supply in the colony tomorrow.
12. < D i election duty =O_^.

I will not have election duty this time.
13. = next
=O_^.
year language paper
1.
2.
3.
4.
We will not have language paper next

year.
14. g JH_ U trouble =O_^.

You will not have any trouble there.
15. "iH next year entrance test =O_^.

They will not have the entrance test
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
next year.
16. < ~ J leisure =O_^.
10.
I will not have leisure at all tomorrow.
17. g ~ JH_ g\OQ =O_^.
11.
You will not have meeting there
12.
tomorrow.
18. = D i Z= profits =O_=.

We will not have much profit this time.
19. J`xH next time = support LO_^.

He will not have our support next time.
20. h WH#Oz D business Z=

income =O_^.
13.
14.
15.
< WH U = LO_^.
= Next year D subject LO_^.
g ~ English class LO_^.
_ w q^~ WH g^ @
supplementary sH LO_=.
P" WH P WO\ freedom LO_^.
P q+ O < U ^` LO_^ .
h JH_ ~ U =u LO_^.
WH "i =^ unity LO_^.
=K O=`~O #O_ 10th class "iH
11 papersLO_=.
D scheme ^~ =# U

[#O
LO_^.
=# ~ town power supply
LO_^.
WOHH 50 OII =~ =# =#
OÒ <g O LO_^ .
J`xH D `CH U tH LO_^.
P" next time D payment LO_^.
"iH D project =# U q^" #
#+= LO_^.
You will not have much income in this

business hereafter.
Still water runs deep.
Z
142
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QUESTION FORM
XHHi q+` x XH == #O^ XH~ HeyO_= "\x QiOz
tOKKO^=.
J
J
h ~ special class =O@O^?

J`xH D O=`~O promotion =O@O^?
J
J
g next week exams =O\?

"iH ~ JH_ meeting LO@O^ ?
"H= q+` x XH == #O^ XH~ HeyO_= "\x QiOz

tOK@# zOKK#q.
D q^=Q q+` x XH == #O^ ~ , =K" ~O, =K <, =K O=`~O H

q+` x U W`~ == #O^# # =#= H "~H~ HeyO_= "\x QiOz
tOK@
" Shall + have" or " Will + have" LyOK=#.
*
Note :
I, We Subject Q
=#_ 'Shall + have'

You, He, She, It, They, Subject Q =#_ will +
have'
=K#.
EXAMPLES
1. =#= D ~A ~uH hotel dinner
HeyO^=?
Shall we have dinner at hotel tonight?
2. =#= HO`
rest HeyO^=?
Shall we have rest for a while?
3. g ~ holiday LO@O^?
Will you have a holiday tomorrow?
4. "iH next week inspection =O@O^?

Will they have inspection next week?
5. J` x H D O =` ~ O
=O@O^?
promotion
Will he have a promotion this year?
6. P" P WO\
K LO@O^?
Will she have freedom in that house?
143
7. "iH D season =Oz

LO\?
sales
Will they have good sales in this

season?
8. h ~ P
LO@O^?
work
Z =Q
Will you have heavy work in the office

tomorrow ?
9. h JH_ =Oz =u LO@O^?

Will you have good accommodation
there?
10. "iH D O=`~O_ =Oz profits

LO\?
Will they have good profits this year
also?
11. h ~ duty ZH_ =O@Ok?
EXERCISE
Where will you have the duty

tomorrow?
12. g brother H transfer ZC_ =O@Ok?

When will your brother have the
transfer?
13. g next year Zx subjects =O\~?

Howmany subjects will you have next
year?
14.
next year
h ZO`
increment
=O@Ok?
Howmuch increment will you have
next year?
15. Di J=HO Z=iH LO@Ok?

Who will have the opportunity this
time?
16. g sH ZC_ LO\~?

When will you have the examinations?
17.
Next month
g g\ O Q ZH _
LO@Ok?
Where will you have the meeting next
month ?
18. h ~ liesure ZC_ LO@Ok ?

When will you have leisure tomorrow?
19. g exams `~ "` Zx~A

=
LO\~?
Howmany holidays will you have after
the examinations?
20. ~ =# section
=O@Ok ?
night duty
: 94406 16425
Z=iH

1. h selection ` ~ "` training
LO@O^?
2. g ~ JH _ U^ < problem
LO@O^ ?
3. J`xH next week Chennai interriew
LO@O^ ?
4. P" JH_ "i H~O LO@O^?
5. "iH next month elections LO\?
6. h D field =Oz future
=O@O^ ?
7. g ~ JH_ U^< programme
LO@O^ ?
8. P# next month examination duty
=O@O^ ?
9. P" D medicines =# caugh
#Oz relief LO@O^ ?
10. "iH D~<

`x U~@ K
"*i\ LO@O^ ?
11. g =~ ZC_ holidays =O\~?
12. h training `~"` posting ZH_
LO@Ok ?
13. "iH ~ U sH =O@Ok?
14. g Group-I sH Zx optional
subjects LO\~ ?
15. EAMCET J~ counselling ZC_
LO@Ok ?
Who will have the night duty in our

section tomorrow ?
Pen is mightier than sword.
Z
144
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XHHi =#= W`~ ` =\_ K#C _ q+` x XH == #O^
XH~ HeyO_x "\x QiOz negative sense tOKKO^=.
~ h work LO_^?
J`xH next year promotion LO_^?
J
J
J
J
g next month = LO_" ?

P" ~ JH_ U = LO_^?
"H= q+` XH~ HeyO_x "\x QiOz tOK@#

zOKK#q.
D q^=Q q+` x XH ==#O^ J#Q ~ , =K "~O, =K < H q+` x

=i W`~ ==#O^## =#= H "~H~ HeyO_x "\x QiOz negative
sense tOK@# zOK@
"Won't + have " LyOK=#.
*
"H=
I, We - Subject Q L#C_ "Shalln't + have" LyOK=#.
You, He, She, It, They - Subject Q L#C_ "Won't have" LyOK=#.
Note :
EXAMPLES
1. h ~ class work LO_^?
Won't you have class work tomorrow?
2. g exams `~"` = LO_"?

Won't you have holidays after the
exams?
3. J`xH next year transfer LO_^?

Won't he have a transfer next year?
4. P"H Dq+O "i Ò

LO_^ ?
Won't she have their encouragement in
this matter?
5. "iH Di =Oz
profits LO_"?
Won't they have good profits this time?
145
6. h next time JH_ J=H= LO_^?

Won't you have an opportunity there
next time?
7. g selection `~ "` training LO_^?

Won't you have training after the
selection?
8. J`xH =Oz q+` LO_^?

Won't he have a bright future?
9. P"H JH_ "i H~O LO_^?

Won't she have their co-operation
there?
10. "iH
next Sunday meeting LO_^?

Won't they have meeting next Sunday?
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE
'Wh' QUESTIONS
11. h ~ duty ZO^ =O_^?

Why won't you have duty tomorrow?
12. g next
ZOÔ_=?
season
sales
Why won't you have sales in the next

season?
13. J` x H D O =` ~ O
ZOÔ_^?
promotion
Why won't he have a promotion this

year?
14. P"H JH_

K ZOÔ_^ ?
15. "iH next year recruitments ZO^
LO_=?
Why won't they have recruitments next
year?
16. h JH_ "i support ZOÔ_^?

Why won't you have their support
there?
17. g Di =Oz O@ ZOÔ_^ ?

Why won't you have good harvest this
time?
18. "i =^ H~O ZOÔ_^ ?

Why won't they have co-operation
among them?
team
2. g Di
LO_"?
summer
classes
3. J`xH ~ duty LO_^?

4. P"H P job Z@=O\ risk LO_^?
5. g next year D subject LO_^?
6. P# JH_ Ug trouble LO_^?
Why won't she have freedom there?
19. =K series Ganguly H

#"OÔ_^ ?
1. h ~ JH_ work LO_^?
Why won't Ganguly have room in the

team in the next series?
7. "iH Di g` discussions LO_"?

8. h Di P post competition
LO_^?
9. "iH JH_ =` LO_"?
10. h ~ JH _
ZOÔ_^?
programme
11. g Di admission test

ZOÔ_^?
12. P#H Di =Ou =~O #=
ZOÔ_^?
13. P" JH_ "i
ZOÔ_^?
company
14. "iH D ^ H = ^~
ZOÔ_=?
15. g =K season
ZOÔ_^?
(`_)
benefits
water supply
20. ~ g = ZOÔ_^?
Why won't you have a holiday
tomorrow?
Fools build houses and wisemen live in them.
146
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REVISION
=#= D ~A Uq <~<= ?
=#= D~A =# Spoken English Course 'Will have' QiOz <~<=.
nx =#= 1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form 4. Negative
Question Form J# 4 parts <~<=. D 4 parts XHi revise KO^=.
1.
POSITIVE FORM :
q+` XH~ HeyO_= "\x QiOz zOK@

LyOK=#.
Ex :
2.
1. I will have leisure tomorrow.
2. We will have inspection next month.
3. He will have a bright future.
4. They will have a meeting tomorrow.
NEGATIVE FORM :
q+` XH~ HeyO_x "\x QiOz zOK@

LyOK=#.
Ex :
"Will have "
"Won't have "
1. I won't have any trouble from them.

2. We won't have any risk there.
3. He won't have their support next time.
4. She won't have any recognition there.
3.
QUESTION FORM :
q+` XH~ HeyO_= "\x QiOz

t
OK@# zOK@ "Shall
have / Will have " LyOK=#.
Ex :
4.
1. Shall I have leave tomorrow?
2. Shall we have dinner tonight?
3. Will you have comforts there?
4. Will they have exams next month?
Vq+` XH~ HeyO_x "\x QiOz negative sense tOK@#

zOK@ "Shalln't / Won't + have " LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. Won't you have leisure tomorrow? 2. Won't you have a goal?

3. Won't she have help from them?
147
3. Won't they have job opportinities in

future ?
: 94406 16425

I Form
II Form
III Form
281
fetch
fetched
fetched
282
fill
filled
filled
283
finish
finished
finished
284
fix
fixed
fixed
285
flatter
flattered
flattered
286
float
floated
floated
287
flourish
flourished
flourished
288
flow
flowed
flowed
289
follow
followed
followed
290
found
founded
founded
291
frame
framed
framed
292
frighten
frightened
frightened
293
fry
fried
fried
294
fulfil
fulfilled
fulfilled
295
gabble
gabbled
gabbled
296
gallop
gallopped
gallopped
297
gamble
gambled
gambled
298
gape
gaped
gaped
299
gargle
gargled
gargled
300
gather
gathered
gathered
D ~A
Meaning
~`K@
xO@
=yOK@
~~K@
Q_@
`@
Ja=$kKO ^@
=OK@
J#iOK@
O K@
U~~K@
@
"~OK@
<~"~@
=^~@, @
"QOQ iQ`@
E^=_@
P=eOK@
HeOK@
HiOK@

Z
148
Great talkers are not great doers.
: 94406 16425
'BE' FORMS - PRESENT - AM, IS, ARE

XHHi =#= W`~ ` =\_ K# _

` =
=#= L# #=
(Position) = (Place) u (Condition) QiOz zOKKO^=.
<# XH English lecturer x.

N J| H" =# _O\.
J
J
J
J
"= WC_ exam hall L<=.

"= D ~A K busy Q L<=.
"H= =#= W`~ ` =\_ K# _

` =
=#= L# #=
(Position) = (Place) u (Condition) QiOz zOKK#q.
D q^=Q WC_, `= =\_K# ==# =#= H "~H~ L#

XH Position, Place or Condition zOK@ Present 'Be' forms J~#
"Am/ Is/ Are" # LyOK=#.
*
Note :
'I' Subject Q L#_ "am"
He, She, It Subject Q L#_ "is"
We, you, they Subject Q
L#_ "are" LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1. <# XH _w qîx.
6.
Cricket XH
PHH~"# P@.
I am a degree student.
Cricket is an interesting game.
2. "= D Hs x"~=.
7. "= WC_ H ~= L<=.
We are the workers of this factory.
3. = father XH bank officer.

My father is a bank officer.
4. = mother XH Q$}.
My mother is a house-wife.
5.
India XH
Q ^=.
India is a great country.
We are in the class-room now.
8. = grandfather WC_
L<~.
hospital
My grandfather is in the hospital now.
9. "~ Ò Delhi L<~.

They are in Delhi at present.
10. = father WC_ P L<~.

My father is at his office now.
149
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EXERCISE
11. "_g^ L<~.
Children are upstairs.
12. [O`= J_q LO\~.

Animals are in the forest.
13. <# WC_ K happy Q =<#.
1. <# XH bank L^yx.

2. ~" QOQb =# team captain.
3. N KO^| T.D.P. J^ _.
I am very happy now.
4. N A.P.J. Abdul Kalam =# ~Ru.

14. "= D ~A K busy Q L<=.
We are very busy today.
6. = elder sister XH post graduate.
15. = cousin K =i.
7.
My cousin is very lazy.
9. = parents

` O = =i =<~ .
They are very poor.
17. D~A "`=~}O KQL#k.

The weather is cold today.
question paper
Mr. Rao = Physics lecturer.
8.
^~^ XH Q Ki``H #Q~=
.
16. "~ K c^"~.
18. D ~A
L#k.
5. = uncle XH heart specialist.
K H+OQ
10. _w q^~ WC_

=<~.
Physics lab
11. u~u XH ` =.
12. H=< XH Q #@_.
The question paper is very difficult

today.
13. `QÔ XH Of s.
14. UH
JOîH
=.
19. h= K |#OQ =<=.

You are very week.
15. < XH ` ^= .
20. = grandmother J<~QOQ L<~.

My grand mother is ill.
Z
A great deal of talent is lost for want of a little courage.
150
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NEGATIVE FORM
XHHi =#= W`~` =\_K#_ `= =#= x #=
(Position) = (Place) u (Condition) QiOz zOKKO^=.
<# D college student x H#.

J`_ D~A duty _.
J
J
J
J
"= D town =O_=.

P" = class teacher H^.
"H= =#= W`~ ` =\_ K# _

` =
=#= x #=
D q^=Q ` = =#= x XH
Present 'Be' Forms J~#
Position, Place or Condition
"Am not / Is not / Are not"
zOK@
LyOK=#.
Note : "H=
'I' Subject Q L#_ "am not"
He, She, It Subject Q L#_ "is not"
We, You, They Subject Q L#_ "are not"
LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1. <# XH govt. employee x H#.
I am not a government employee.
2. "= D Hl q^~O H^.

We are not the students of this college.
3. D =^xH H~}O <# H^.

I am not responsible for this accident.
4. = father XH lawyer H^.

My father is not a lawyer.
5. P" < class mate H^.

She is not my class-mate.
6.
T.D.P. *f s H^.
The T.D.P. is not a national party.
151
7. "~ ~f H~.
They are not Indians.
8. <# h servant x H#.

I am not your servant.
9. J =\__xH <# x H#.

I am not a fool to speak so.
10. = cousin post graduate H^.

My cousin is not a post-graduate.
11. P" WC_ J H

~ H^.
She is not a member of that club now.
12. = father D~A duty ~.

My father is not on duty today.
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE
13. P" WC_ WO\ ^.
She is not at home now.
14. "~ WC_ D town ~.

They are not in this town now.
16. "= D ~A busy Q =.

We are not busy today.
17. P" D ~A
2. "= ^#=O`=H=.
3. J`_ D factory worker H^.
active
Q ^ .
She is not active today.
18. D course g LQH~O H^.

This course is not useful to you.
19.
1. <# P party _# H#.
Physics " #
subject H^.
Physics is not an easy subject.
4. P" = class teacher H^.

5. "~ PO^ H~.
6. <# D ~A free Q #.
7. " = ` O P
= H^.
committee
8.

`

Ò P# =OuH^.
20. D item ~zQ ^.

This item is not delicious.
9. P" D hospital nurse H^.

10. "~ D Q= F@~ H~.
11. <# WH_ happy Q #.
12. "= =~O H^.
13.
Sanskrit H+"# subject H^.
14. P camera WC_ <`^.

15. J`_ x*~f ~_H^.
16. "~ =# ^ ~ H~.
17. J`_ < friend H^.
18. Pt+ < ` team _.
19. Wk = O` WH^.
20. "~ < well-wishers H^.
Z
Attention is one's first duty.
152
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QUESTION FORM
XHHi =#= W`~ ` =\_ K# _

` =
=#= L# #=
(Position) = (Place) u (Condition) QiOz tOKKO^=.
J
J
h= D Hl qî"?
g father XH lawyer Q =<~?
J
J
g~ D P L^Q?
P" D ~A J<~QOQ =#^?
"H= =#= W`~ ` =\_ K# _

` =
=#= L# #=
(Position) = (Place) u (Condition) QiOz tOK@# zOKK#q.
D q^=Q ` = =#= L# XH Position, Place or Condition QiOz t OK@

Present 'Be' Forms J~#
"Am / Is / Are" LyOK=#.
*
Note :
'I' Subject Q L#_ "am"
He, She, It Subject Q L#_ "is"
We, You, They Subject Q L#_ "are" LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
6. h= ` O
qî"?
1. h= Engineering qî"?
Are you an engineering student?
Are you a student of Andhra
2. g~ D Hh "?
Are you the residents of this colony?
3. g father XH businessman Q =<~?

Is your father a businessman?
4. g brother U.S.A. Software Engineer

Q <~?
Is your brother a Software Engineer in
English lecturer
Is Mrs. Malathi your lecturer in English?

153
University?
7. P" D ~[O` J<~QOQ =#^?

Is she sick today?
8. T\ climate KQ =O@O^?
Is the climate cold in Ooty?
9. g father D~A busy Q =<~?

Is your father busy today?
the U.S.A.?
5. N=u =u g
=<~?
Andhra University
10. D ~A match interesting Q =#^?

Is the match interesting today?
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE
'Wh' QUESTIONS
11. Ò g Principal Z=~?

Who is your Principal at present?
12. D ~A H H h= ZO^
J~<=?
late
Why are you late to the class today ?
13. g parents Z =<~?

How are your parents?
14. WC_ time ZO`?

What time is it now?
15. g H ZO` =Ok girls =<~?

Howmany girls are there in your class?
16. g elder brother = ZO`?

How old is your elder brother?
17. D <yO\ h @~ Uk?

Which is your scooter among these
four?
18. Ò g grand-father ZH_ L<~?

Where is your grand-father now ?
19. D ~A `sY Uq?

What date is it today?
20. h= D ~A ZO^ dull Q =<= ?.

Why are you dull today?
1. g~ XH school teacher Q L<~ ?

2. h= XH Muslim =` _ " ?
3. J`_ XH IAS Officer Q L<~ ?
4. P" Ò P~QOQ L#^ ?
5. "~ g |O^= ?
6. h= D club Secretary Q L<" ?
7. g father D "~O camp L<~ ?
8. P" XH On actress Q L#^ ?
9. g elder sister _H~ ?
10. D W g O`^< ?
11. g native place Uk ?
12. g family ZO`=Ok =O\~ ?
13. h= Z=i g^ HOQ =<= ?
14. h hobbies Uq\ ?
15. D new film Z =#k ?
Z
A man should live within his income.
154
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XHHi =#= W`~` =\_K#C_ `= =#= H "~H~
#@=O\ XH Position, Place or Condition QiOz negative sense tOK
KO^=.
Wk g own house H^ ?
g father XH govt. employee H^ ?
J
J
Sanskrit " #
+ H^ ?
J
J
<# h
a+x H^?
"H= Ò =#= #@=O\ XH

tOK@# zOKK#q.
Position, Place, Condition
QiOz
D q^=Q `= =#= =\_K# ==# =#= H "~H~ x XH

Position, Place, Condition QiOz negative sense tOK@# zOK@
"Isn't / Aren't " LyOK=#.
*
"H=
'I' Subject Q L## Aren't =K#. Amn't LyOK_^.
He, She, It Subject Q L#C_ Isn't
We, You, They Subject Q L#C_ Aren't =K#.
Note :
EXAMPLES
1. h= Mr. <~} Qi =~_q
H^?
Aren't you the son of Mr. Narayana?
2. g~ D ^~ H^?
Aren't you the citizens of this country?
3. J`_ h class-mate H^?

Isn't he your class-mate ?
4. D~A Pk"~O H^?

Isn't it Sunday today ?
5. "~ g |O^= H~?

Aren't they your relatives ?
6. h= D~A duty "?

Aren't you on duty today ?
155
7. g father WC_ WO\ ~?

Isn't your father at home now?
8. P" Ò JH_ O`+OQ ^?

Isn't she happy there at present ?
9. "~ ^#=O` H~?

Aren't they rich?
10. D~A cricket match interesting Q ^?

Isn't the cricket match interesting today?
11. h= govt. employee H^?

Aren't you a govt. employee ?
12. g brother h helpful Q =O__?

Isn't your brother helpful to you?
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE
'Wh' QUESTIONS
13. D~A = ZO^H^?
Why isn't it a holiday today?
1. h= D Hl student q H^?
14. Ganguly team ZO^_?
2. g~ XOQ =xe\ F@~ H~?
Why isn't Ganguly in the team?
15. "~ WC_ D
town
ZO^~?
Why aren't they in the town at present?
16. J`_ D~A
duty
ZO^_?
Why isn't he on duty today?
Q ZO^
Why aren't you close with your father?
school Head mistress
9. "~

` O JkH~O ~?
11. D~A g\OQ J`_ ZO^_?
Why aren't they united?

serious
8. P" WC_ P
H^?
10. h= J`xH x`_=H^?
19. "~ SH=ÒQ ZO^ LO_~?

20. h= work
LO_=?
5. "~ H~"~ H^?

7. g father WC_ `QÔ s ~?
Why aren't you bold?

close
4. P" g own sister H^?

6. h= government employee q H^?
17. h"O^ ^~ OQ LO_=?

18. h= g father `
=O_=?
3. J`_ WC_ P s _ H^?
QZO^
Why aren't you serious at work?
21. K O ^ _ ~ _ JO`
ZOÔ__?
bright
12. "~

` O g ZO^ J#OQ
~?
13. h= ZO^ XH job ~OQ LO_=?
Why isn't the moon so bright as the

sun?
14. P# students ` ZO^

LO__?
strict
15. India [< ~Q^ ZO^

control LO_^?
22. =^ h~ ~zQ ZOÔ_^?

Why isn't the sea water tasty?
Z
Money is a good servant but a bad master.
156
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REVISION
=#= D ~A Uq <~<= ?
=#= D~A =# Spoken English Course 'Am, Is, Are' QiOz
<~<=. D =_O\x grammar Present Tense 'Be' forms JO\~ .
nx 1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form 4. Negative Question Form
1.
POSITIVE FORM :

` =
=#= =\_ K# ==# =#= H "~H~ L# XH Position,
Place, Condition QiOz zOK@ "am / is / are " LyOK=#.
Ex :
2.
1. I am a clerk in this office.
2. We are in the play - ground now.
3. He is our M.L.A.
4. They are very busy today.
NEGATIVE FORM :
`= =#= H "~H~ x XH Position, Place, Condition QiOz

zOK@ "am not / is not / are not " LyOK=#.
Ex :
3.
1. I am not an innocent man.
2. He is not in the town today.
3. They are not helpful to us.
4. This book is not useful to us.
QUESTION FORM :
`= =#= H "~H~ L# XH Position, Place, Condition QiOz

tOK@# zOK@ "Am / Is / Are " LyOK =#.
Ex :
4.
1. Are you an officer here?
2. Is he on duty now?
3. Are they poor ?
4. Is she a foreigner ?

` =
=#= H "~H~ x XH Position, Place, Condition QiOz negative
sense tOK@# zOK@ "Isn't / Aren't " LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. Aren't you an employee?
2. Isn't she your sister?
3. Aren't they degree students ? 4. Isn't he at home today ?
157
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I Form
II Form
III Form
301
gaze
gazed
gazed
302
giggle
giggled
giggled
303
glorify
glorified
glorified
304
glow
glowed
glowed
305
grant
granted
granted
306
grasp
grasped
grasped
307
greet
greeted
greeted
308
grip
gripped
gripped
309
groan
groaned
groaned
310
grope
groped
groped
311
guess
guessed
guessed
312
gulp
gulped
gulped
313
hack
hacked
hacked
314
halt
halted
halted
315
happen
happened
happened
316
hasten
hastened
hastened
317
hate
hated
hated
318
heal
healed
healed
319
hear
heard
heard
320
help
helped
helped
D ~A
Meaning
ì~K
K@
==Q #=@
Q_@
^Q^Q "i@
^` WK@
QOK@
=O^#= K@
_He aQ|@@
=Q@
`_=H#@
TOK@
Q@# qOQ@
=HQ #~@
P@, x@
OqOK@
`~~K@
^+OK@
QK, =#@
q#@
_@

Z
158
A mother is worth hundred teachers.
: 94406 16425
'BE' FORMS - PAST - WAS, WERE

XHHi =#= QÒ x XH ==#O^ XH~ LO_# #= (Position)
= (Place) u (Condition) QiOz zOKKO^=.
J
J
<# last year degree qîx.

= father JC_ XH bank officer.
J
J
"= 1985 Vizag L<=.

P" last week hospital =O_#k.
"H= QÒ x XH == #O^ XH~ LO_# #= (Position) =

(Place) u (Condition) QiOz zOKK#q.
D q^=Q QÒ x XH ==#O^ x#, Q`" ~O, Q`< , Q` O=`~O =#= H

"~H~ LO_# Position, Place or Condition zOK@ Past 'Be' forms J~#
"Was / Were" LyOK=#.
*
Note :
Q L#_ "was"
Subject Q L#_ "were" LyOK=#.
'I, He, She, It' Subject

We, you, they
EXAMPLES
1. <# last year XH WO@~ qîx.
I was an Intermediate student last year.
2. JC_ N N.T.R. =# =Y=OuQ

LO_<~.
3.
7. P" JC_ = hostel warden.

She was our hostel warden then.
WOk~QOn J C _ =#
^ #=Ou.
8. <# x# P time library L<#.
Smt.
Mr. Rao = JC_

x .
Mr. Rao was our Principal then.
5. | ~* O ^ ^ =# " ^ \
~Ru.
Dr. Babu Rajendra Prasad was our first
Prime-Minister
159
Kurnool was the capital city of our

state then.
Sri N.T.R. was our Chief-Minister then.
Smt. Indira Gandhi was our Primeminister then.
4.
6. H~
JC_ =# ~R ~[^x.
I was in the library at that time

yesterday.
9. "= last week =

LO_<=.
native place
We were at our native place last week.
10. =# =Y=Ou x#O` _b L<~ .

The Chief-minister was in Delhi
yesterday.
11. "= x# D
L<=.
time
sH
We were in the examination hall at this
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE
time yesterday.
12. = father last week camp =O_<~.

My father was on camp last week.
13. " = z# C _
=O_<=.
Hyderabad
We were in Hyderabad in our childhood days.
14. =#
Indian team last month Australia
Our Indian team was on tour in

Australia last month.
Accident time
2. = father JC_ P
_=~ Q
LO_<~.
3. H^" JC_ =# team captain..
4. <# JC_ XH z#"_#.
tour =O_#k.
15.
1. x# Pk"~=.
<#
Bus stop
^Q~
L<#.
I was at the bus stop at the time of
accident.
16. <# x# K busy Q LO_<#.

I was very busy yesterday.
17. "= XHC_ K c^"~=.

We were very poor once.
18. x# match K interesting Q =#k.

The cricket match was very interesting
yesterday.
19. P" x# J<~QOQ LO_#k.

She was sick yesterday.
20. x# Manager < K H O Q

LO_<_.
5. XHC _ WO_ K c^ ^=
.
6. "}N P~A XH =Y #\.
7. WO@~ Sanskrit < second language.
8. N N.T.R. TDP _.
9. N OH~^ ~ JC_ =# ~R
Q=~~.
10. = grandfather JC_ = =i ~ OK.
11. <# x# office H \ J~<#.
12. <# z#C_ K iH"_#.
13. "~ XHC _ K ^#=O`.
14. P" x# WO\ XO@iQ LO_#k.
15. x# English question paper K easy
Q LO_#k.
The manager was very angry with me

yesterday.
Z
A live ass is better than a dead lion.
160
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NEGATIVE FORM
XHHi =#= QÒ x XH ==#O^ XH~ LO_x #= (Position)
= (Place) u (Condition) QiOz zOKKO^=.
J
J
<# JC_ D office L^yx H#.

= brother x# duty _.
J
J
"= last year D town =.

P" x# P time WO\ ^.
"H= =#= QÒ x XH ==#O^ XH~ LO_x #= (Position)

= (Place) u (Condition) QiOz zOKK#q.

"~H~ LO_x Position, Place or Condition zOK@
"Was not / Were not" LyOK =#.
*
Note :
"H=
Q L#_ "was not"
Subject Q L#_ "were not " LyOK=#.
'I, He, She, It' > Subject

We, You, They >
EXAMPLES
1. <# JC_ D Hl _O\x H^.
I was not a student of this college then.
2. "= JC_ class mates H^.

We were not class-mates then.
3. = father JC_ businessman H^.

My father was not a business man
Mr. Rao JC_
=
x
H^.
Mr. Rao was not our Principal then.
5. N KO^| JC_ =Y=Ou H^.

Sri Chandra Babu was not the Chief-
161
President then.
8. x# = ^.
Yesterday was not a holiday.
They were not Indian citizens once.
10. J`_ JC_ JO` è"#"_ H^.

He was not so clever then.
11. "~ XHC _ ^#=O` H^.

They were not rich once.
minister then.
6.
Mrs. Sonia Gandhi was not the party
9. "~ XHC _ ~` ^ ~ H~.
then.
4.
7. x QOn JC_ s J^ ~
H^.
D HOh L^y H^.
12. P~A XOQ XH ^ town H^.
He was not an employee of this
Ongole was not a big town in those
company last year.
days.
last year J`_
EXERCISE
13. JC_ J`_ < JO` x Ò H^.

He was not so intimate to me then.
14. =# HH\ \" JC_ JO` |"#k

H^.
: 94406 16425

1. <# JC_ D H
_# H#.
Our cricket team was not so strong
2. N "*
~ JC_ =#
^
x H^.
then.
3. QOQb JC_ team captain H^.
15. x# cricket match PHH~OQ ^.

The circket match was not interesting
yesterday.
16.
last month D
5. "~ JC_ = Hh " H~.
W MmQ ^.
This house was not vacant last month.
17. P ~A "~ Jqhu~

H~.
Businessmen were not corrupted in
6. = father JC_ "i H^.

7. "= X Class classmates H^.
8. JC_ |OQ~O ^~ Z=Q ^ .
9. = Q` x strict H^.
those days.
18. x# dinner items ~zQ =.
10. x# = journey comfortable Q ^.
The items were not delicious in dinner

yesterday.
19. x# function U~ @
H~OQ =.
4. P" last year = class teacher H^.
guests
The arrangements in the function were
11. x# JH_
^.
programme interesting
12. P" JC_ WO` weak Q ^.

13. x# H$ZH late H^.
not comfortable to the guests
14.
yesterday.
20. JC_ i` "iH J#OQ

=.
last year chairman
^ q H P #
\ ~.
15.
Last year J`_ P firm partner H^.
Circumstances were not favourable to

them then.
Z
A liar is seldom trusted.
162
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QUESTION FORM
XHHi =#= QÒ x XH ==#O^ XH~ LO_# #= (Position)
= (Place) u (Condition) QiOz tOKKO^=.
J
J
g~ JC_ D factory workers Q =O_<~?

x# programme interesting Q =O_#^?
J
J
x# h= leave =O_<"?
P" XHC _ g WO\ LO_#^?
"H= =#= QÒ x XH ==#O^ XH~ LO_# #= (Position)

= (Place) u (Condition) QiOz tOK@# zOKK#q.

"~H~ LO_# Position, Place or Condition tOK@ Past 'Be' forms J~#
"Was / Were" LyOK =#.
*
Note : "H=
'I, He, She, It' Subject Q L#_ "was"
We, You, They Subject Q L#_ "were" LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1. h= last year degree qî"?
Were you a degree student last year?
2. g~ WO@s_\
=O_<~?
class mates
7. J C _ N.T.R. =# =Y=O u Q
LO_<~?
Was N.T.R. our Chief-minister then?
Were you class-mates in Intermediate?
8. h= JC_ P HOh accountant Q

=O_<"?
Were you an accountant in that
3. g father XHC _ politics =O_<~?
company then?
Was your father in politics once?
4. P" x# P~QOQ LO_#^?

Was she sick yesterday?
5. "~ XHC_ c^"~?

Were they poor once?
6. XHC_ XOQ z# town Q LO_^?

Was Ongole a small town once?
163
9.
Last month
=~ P W MmQ
LO_#^?
Was that house vacant till last month?
10. x# exam hall

LO_<~?
invigilator strict
Was the invigilator stirict in the exam

hall yesterday ?
: 94406 16425
'Wh' QUESTIONS
EXERCISE
11. PO^
^
"^\ =Y=Ou Z=~ ?
12.
Who was the first Chief-minister of

Andhra Pradesh?
h= x# H ZO^ absent
13.
Why were you absent from the class

yesterday?
P time h= library ^Q~ ZO^
14.
15.
J~<=?
=<=?
Why were you near the library at that

time?
Last Sunday g~ ZH_ =<~?
Where were you last Sunday?
x# exams question paper Z
=O_#k ?
1. x# g~ busy Q LO_<~ ?
2.
Last week h= Chennai LO_<" ?
3. x# h= special duty LO_<" ?

4. g father XHC_ g Ti ~OKQ
LO_<~ ?
5. JH_ "~ h helpful Q LO_<~?
6. h= JC_ VVM College qî" ?
17.
How was the question paper in the

examination yesterday?
N.T.R. =O u =~ O ZO` = Ok
ministers =O_<~ ?
Howmany ministers were there in
N.T.R's cabinet?
ÔyeO|_# bag ZO` amount
=O_#k ?
10. x# circus show Z =O_#k ?

11. x# h= ZO^ leave L<= ?
18.
Howmuch amount was there in the

stolen bag?
Last month P" hospital ZO^
16.
LO_#k ?
Why was she in the hospital last

month?
19. 10 O=`~= H ` O =# ~RO Zx

universities =O_#q ?
20.
Howmany universities were there in

our state ten years ago?
x# g annual day function H chief
guest Z=~?
Who was the chief-guest to your
7. x# h= class H late J~<" ?

8. g father XHC_ railway employee Q
LO_<~ ?
9.
Last week h= camp
LO_<" ?
12. x# match Indian team ZO`

=Ok bowlers LO_<~ ?
13. J` _ P
=<_ ?
time
JH _ ZO^
14. XHC_ D house Z=ik ?

15. JC_ g Branch Manager Z=~ ?
annual day function yesterday ?
Wise men love truth where as fools shun it.
164
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XHHi =#= W`~` =\_K#C_ QÒx XH == #O^
=#= =O_ x XH Position, Place or Condition Q iOz negative sense
tOKKO^=.
x# cricket match PHH~OQ ^ ?

x# g }O comfortable Q ^?
J
J
J
J
x# absenties list J`x ~ ^?

h= x# duty " ?
"H= QÒ =#= LO_x XH Position, Place, Condition QiOz

t
OK@#
zOKK#q.
D q^=Q QÒ x XH == #O^ =#= Qx, "~H~ Qx LO_x, x XH Position,

Place, Condition QiOz negative sense tOK@# zOK@
"Wasn't / Weren't " LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=
Subject I, He, She, It J~#C_ 'Wasn't'
We, You, They J~#C_ 'Weren't' LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1. h= last
q H^?
year
offfice
accountant
Weren't you an accountant in that office

last year?
2. h= x# staff meeting "?

Weren't you in the staff meeting
yesterday?
3. x# x"~= H^?
Wasn't it Saturday yesterday ?
4. XHC_ P# P firm H owner H^?

Wasn't he the owner of that firm once ?
5. "~ XHC_ c^"~ H^?

Weren't they poor once?
165
6. x# P time <# JH_ <?

Wasn't I there at that time yesterday ?
7. "~ x# JH_ busy Q ~?

Weren't they busy there yesterday?
8. x# question paper easy Q ^?

Wasn't the question paper easy
yesterday ?
9. x# party dinner Q ^?
Wasn't the dinner delicious in the party
yesterday?
10. P# x# office H late H^?

Wasn't he late to the office yesterday ?
EXERCISE
'Wh' QUESTIONS
11. x# h= English class ZO^ =?

Why weren't you in the English class
yesterday?
12. J`_ h JH_ ZO^

_?
: 94406 16425
helpful
Why wasn't he helpful to you there?
13. P" x#
function ZO^ ^?
Why wasn't she in the function
yesterday ?

1. x# programme Q ^?
2. D chapter last year syllabus ^?
3. x# JH_ U problem ^?
4.
Olden days
=#Ô Jqhu^?
5. QOn Qi Ô` i #qH"?
14. h ~
6. * xiOK@O J\

`xH
^_ ^ ?
15. x# \ h"O^ =?
7. J\ O* = K H+"#k
H^?
first list ZO^ ^ ?

Why wasn't your name in the first list?
Why weren't you in the competition

yesterday?
16. x#\ match Ganguly ZO^ _?

Why wasn't Ganguly in yesterday's
match?
17. x# ZO^ = H^?

Why wasn't it a holiday yesterday?
8. P O^~O J`_ O`+OQ_?

9. WOk~QOn =Ou=~O M.S.R _
H^?
10. Ongole XH C _
H^?
Guntur
l xk
18. P ~A _| ZO^ q=^?
11. h= x# P time WO\ ZO^=?
Why wasn't money valuable in those

days?
12. P ~A money O kOK @ O

ZO^ O H^?
19. W\ ~AO` "QOQ J\ ~A

ZO^ =?
13. D rules Jh XHC_ ZO^=?
Why weren't those days so fast as these

days?
14. P" x# journey *Q`Q ZOÔ_

^?
20. XH\
WO_ D<\ WO_ JO`
|OQ ZO^ ^?
15. h= x# JH_ i# =xH

ZO^=?
Why wasn't yester-India so strong as

today's India?
When love and skill work together, a masterpiece is expected.
166
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REVISION
=#= D ~A Uq <~<= ?
D~A =#= =# Spoken English Course 'was / were' QiOz <~<=.
'was / were' D ~O_O\x grammar Past Tense 'Be' forms JO\~ . nx
1.
POSITIVE FORM :
QÒ x XH ==#O^ =#= H "~H~ LO_# XH Position, Place,

Condition QiOz zOK@ "was / were " LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. I was sick yesterday.
2. We were on tour last week.
3. He was our group leader then. 4. They were absent from the class yesterday.
2.
NEGATIVE FORM :
QÒx XH == #O^ =#= H "~H~ LO_x XH Position, Place,

Condition QiOz zOK@ "Was not / Were not " LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. I was not an employee then.
2. He was not on duty yesterday.
3. We were not aware of it then. 4. They were not Indians once.

3.
QUESTION FORM :
QÒ x XH ==#O^ =#= H "~H~ LO_# XH Position, Place,

Condition QiOz tOK@# zOK@ "was / were " LyOK =#.
Ex :
1. Were you on strike last week?
2. Was she ill then?
3. Was he in the hospital last month ? 4. Were they at work at that time?
4.
QÒx XH ==#O^ =#= H "~H~ LO_x XH Position, Place,

Condition QiOz
t
OK@# zOK@ "Wasn't / Weren't " L
yOK=#.
Ex :
1. Weren't you a hostler last year?
2. Wasn't he in the restaurant at that time?
3. Weren't they poor once?
4. Wasn't she in your house then ?
167
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I Form
II Form
III Form
321
hike
hiked
hiked
322
hire
hired
hired
323
hiss
hissed
hissed
324
hoist
hoisted
hoisted
325
horrify
horrified
horrified
326
hug
hugged
hugged
327
hunt
hunted
hunted
328
hurl
hurled
hurled
329
Identify
identified
identified
330
ignore
ignored
ignored
331
illtreat
illtreated
illtreated
332
imagine
imagined
imagined
333
impart
imparted
imparted
334
import
imported
imported
335
impose
imposed
imposed
336
impress
impressed
impressed
337
inaugurate
inaugurated
inaugurated
338
include
included
included
339
increase
increased
increased
340
indicate
indicated
indicated
D ~A
Meaning
~Q@
J^ fH#@
|H@@
HZ`@
@@
HyeOKH#@
"\_@
îOK
Q~OKH#@
x~H=K@
x~^~} K
@
TOK@
kOK@
kQ=u K@
qkOK@
=# =^"@
~OaOK@
HH#@
OK@
zOK@

Z
168
Prosperity makes friends and adversity tries them.
: 94406 16425
'BE' FORMS - FUTURE - WILL BE

XHHi =#= q+` x XH ==#O^ =#= H "~H~ LO_=
#= (Position) = (Place) u (Condition) QiOz zOK KO^=.
J
J
<# next year officer Q =O\#.

next two weeks <# = =i LO\#.
J
J
N +H=` next President Q LO\~.

"~ WH#Oz =#`< LO\~.
"H= q+` x XH ==#O^ =#= H "~H~ LO_= #=

D q^=Q =+` x XH == #O^ J#Q ~ , =K" ~O, =K< , =K O=`~O

=#= H "~H~ LO_= Position, Place or Condition zOK@
Future 'Be' form J~# "Will be" LyOK=#.
*
Note :
Subject Singular, Plural U^## "will be"
LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1. <# next
LO\#.
6. P" g next year Head-mistress Q

LO\~.
I will be the Branch Manager next year.
She will be your Head-mistress next

year.
year Branch Manager
2. "= next year final year q^~Q

LO\=.
We will be the final year students next
year.
3. ~ ^q_ =# \O next captain.

Rahul Dravid will be the next captain
of our team.
4. ~ match winner J`_.

He will be the winner of the match
tomorrow.
5. WH#Oz P# h O~H_.
He will be your guardian hereafter.
169
7. ~ =.
Tomorrow will be a holiday.
8. <# ~ D >O g\OQ LO\#.

I will be in the meeting at this time
tomorrow.
9. "= WOHH ~O_ O=`~ D

\<< LO\=.
We will be in this town two more years.
10. ~ E-TV XH
=O@Ok.
special programme
There will be a special programme on

E.TV tomorrow.
11. =K " q water

f=OQ LO@Ok.
problem
Water problem will be severe next

summer.
12. H< `~"` 15 ~A

=O@Ok.
training
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE

1. N=u =OA = H l H
Principal Q =O\~.
next
There will be a 15 day training after

the selection.
2. ~\ =K ~ ^q_ H<Q
=O\_.
13. "= WH administration K strict

Q LO\=.
3. 2008 =~ N=u x QOn

HOQ s J^ ~eQ LO\~.
We will be very strict in administration

hereafter.
14. =K ~ O_ < D OÒ =~

LO\~.
There will be rains in this area next two
months.
15. <# ~ K busy Q LO\#.

I will be very busy tomorrow.
16. ~ WH_ "`=~}O KQ LO@Ok.

The weather will be cold here
tomorrow.
17. "= h JH_ K

=O\=.
helpful
We will be helpful to you there.
18. ~ P staff meeting =O@Ok.

There will be a staff meeting in the
office tomorrow.
19. =K ~ O_ < =q_ ^~ KHQ

LO@Ok.
The price of mango will be cheap next
two months.
20. ~ s K grand Q =O@Ok.

The party will be very grand tomorrow.
4. <# ~ D >"H _\ LO\#.

5. "= WH#Oz
LO\=.
sincere
interesting
paper easy
work
6. ~ match K
=O@Ok.
7. Di question
=O@Ok.
8. "~ WH = WO\< LO\~.

9. " = WH # Oz K
LO\=.
10. J`_ P committee H
Q LO\_.
careful
next Chairman
11. <# h WH_ helpful Q =O\#.

12. = brother
LO\_.
next year university
13. N=u =u 2008 =~ D scool

Head-mistress Q LO\~.
One man's meat is another man's poison.
170
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NEGATIVE FORM
XHHi =#= q+` x XH ==#O^ XH~ LO_x #= (Position)
= (place) u (Condition) QiOz zOKKO^=.
J
J
<# ~ duty LO_#.

P" ~ JH_ free Q LO_^.
"= next year D town LO_=.

"~ WH h helpful Q LO_~.
J
J
"H= q+` x XH == #O^ XH~ LO_x #=, =, u
QiOz zOKK#q.
D q^=Q q+` x XH == #O^ J#Q ~ , =K" ~O, =K< , =K O=`~O

H q+` x =i W`~ == #O^# # =#= H "~H~ LO_x XH #=
(Position)
= (Place) u (Condition) zOK@
"Will not + be" LyOK =#.
*
Note :
U^##
"Will not be"
=K#.
EXAMPLES
1. <# ~ D time H WO\ LO_#.
I won't be at home at this time
tomorrow.
2. "= next year D college q^~ Q

LO_=.
We won't be the students of this
college next year.
3.
Next series H Ganguly =# team

captain Q LO__.
Ganguly won't be the captain of our
team in the next series.
4. ~ \ match
LO__.
referee
Q J` _
He won't be the referee in the match

tomorrow.
171
5. P" WH P
LO_~.
school Head-mistress
She won't be the Head-mistress of that

school hereafter.
6. ~ = =O_^.
Tomorrow will not be a holiday.
7. <# WH P party member Q LO_#.

I won't be a member of that party
hereafter.
8. "= WH D town LO_=.

We won't be in this town hereafter.
9. J`_ ~ duty LO__.

He won't be on duty tomorrow.
10. "= WH J`xH helpful Q LO_=.

We won't be helpful to him hereafter.
11. <# WH careless Q LO_#.
EXERCISE
I won't be careless hereafter.
12. "= WH P firm partners Q LO_=.

We won't be partners of that firm
hereafter.
13. D interview `~"` g

LO_^.
training
There won't be any training after this

interview.
14. ZxH `~"` J`_ P

LO__.
post
He won't be in that post after the

elections.
15. WH D "~= ^HOQ

LO_^.
This business won't be profitable
hereafter.
16. ~\ programme U =~ LO_^.

There won't be any change in
tomorrow's programme.
17. 58 OII = `~ "` P# service

LO_~.
He won't be in service after 58 years
of age.
She won't be with us hereafter.
party

1. <# WH J`x` close Q LO_#
2. "= WH office H late J==.
3.
P" next year hostel LO_^.
4. J`_ next elections H \ LO__.

5. "~ WH D field LO_~.
6.
Next year
syllabus heavy
LO_^.
7. ~ ~A _| OkOK_O
easy Q LO_^.
8. g JH_ U q^" # objection LO_^ .
9. ~ =# town power supply LO_^ .
10. <# WH "i care taker Q LO_#.
11. D ~O_ < D OÒ =~O
LO_^.
12. ~ work delay LO_^.
18. P" WH =#` LO_^.

19. P# WH P
LO_~.
: 94406 16425
president
He won't be the president of the party

hereafter.
20. U q^" # damage H <# ^_Q

LO_#.
13.
JQ @ h D
knowledge K^.
Group-I officer
14. JH_ D =O^ aOK=.

15. "~ ~ D time H office LO_~.
I won't be responsible for any damage.
Z
An industrious man is sure to get on.
172
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QUESTION FORM
XHi =#= q+` x XH ==#O^ XH~ LO_= #=
(Position), = (Place), u (Condition) QiOz tOKKO^=.
J
J
~ h= town LO\" ?
"~ ~ busy Q LO\~
J
J
P" WOH g `< LO@O^ ?

g~ ~ D time H exam hall LO\~ ?
"H= q+` x XH == #O^ XH~ LO_=

condition # QiOz tOK@# zOK K#q.
place, position,
D q^=Q q+` x XH == #O^ ~ , =K "~O, =K <, =K O=`~=,

=#= H "~H~ LO_= position, place or condition QiOz tOK@ Future
'BE' Form J~#
' Will + be' LyOK=#.
*
Note :
Subject Singular, Plural U^## 'Will be' LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1. h= ~ leave LO\" ?
7. h= ~ OÒ WO\ ^Q~ LO\~?
Will you be on leve tomorrow ?
2. g~ < D q+ O
LO\~ ?
Will you be at home tomorrow
helpful
Will you be helpful to me in this matter?
3. g father next week camp LO\~?

Will your father be on camp next week?
4. h= next year
LO\" ?
University student
Will you be a university student next

year ?
5. P" WH g`< LO@O^ ?

Will she be with you hereafter ?
6. "~ WH #OK< careful Q LO\~?

Will they be careful hereafter ?
173
evening?
8. P # next time
\ LO\~ ?
chairman
^ q H
Will he be in the competition for the

post of the chairman next time ?
9. ~ office staff-meeting LO@O^?

Will there be staff-metting in the office
tomorrow ?
10. P# P party H
LO\~ ?
next president
Will he be the next president of the

party ?
: 94406 16425
'Wh' QUESTIONS
EXERCISE
11. ~ D time H g~ ZH_ LO\~ ?
Where will you be at this time

tomorrow?
12.
H next
LO\~ ?
India
president
Q Z=~
1.
2.
Who will be the next President of

India?
13. h= next month Hyderabad Zx

~A LO\= ?
Howmany days will you be in
Hyderabad next month ?
14. P book price ZO` =O@Ok ?

What will be the price of that book ?
15. H ` H q \ ZO` = Ok
LO\~ ?
Howmany members will be there in
the new committee ?
16. g next programme Uq =O@Ok ?

What will be you next programme ?
17.
Group-I Main exam. ZC_
LO@Ok?
When will be the Main exam. for
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Group-I posts ?
18.
University sH
When
will
ZC_ LO\~ ?
be
the
university
examinations ?
19. ~ =O^ =O@Ok ?

Why will there be a holiday tomorrow?
20.
Next meeting ZC_
12.
=O@Ok ?
When will be the next meeting ?
13.
14.
15.
Next year h= hostel

Next series
LO\" ?
Lakshman team
=O\_ ?
~ J`_ free Q LO\_ ?
~ JH_ entertainment programmes
LO\ ?
g parents WH #Oz g `< =O\~?
"~ D i sH time strict Q
LO\~ ?
g~ ~ D time H journey
=O\~?
~ working day < ?
q+` computing progress
LO@O^ ?
D products q+` demand H
LO@O^ ?
S.S.C. H next year #Oz Zx subjects
LO\~ ?
H ` =Ou =~O ZO` =Ok =O`
LO\~ ?
h ` eÒ Z =O@Ok ?
g college H next principal Z=~ ?
Next world cup HH\ \ ZH_
LO\~ ?
Great thoughts always come from pure heart.
174
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XHHi =#= W`~ ` =\_ K#C _ q+` =#= =O_x XH
Position, Place or Condition QiOz negative sense tOKKO^=.
h= ~ free Q LO_" ?
"~ WH =#` LO_~?
J
J
J
J
g~ D q+O J`xH helpful Q LO_~?

J`_ =K ZxH \ LO__?
"H= q+` XH~ LO_x XH Postion, Place, Condition # tOK@#

zOKK#q.
D q^=Q q+` x XH ==#O^ J#Q ~ , =K" ~O, =K< , =K O=`~O

H q+` x U W`~ == #O^# # =#= Qx, "~H~ Qx LO_x, XH Position,
Place, Condition QiOz tOK@# zOK@
"Shalln't / Won't " LyOK=#.
*
"H=
Subject I, We J~#C_ 'Shalln't'
You, He, She, It, They J~#C_ 'Won't' LyOK=#.
Note :
EXAMPLES
1. h= ~ WO\ ^Q~ LO_"?
7. =K World
LO__?
Won't you be at home tomorrow?
2. g~ ~ 5
LO_~?
pm
`~"`
office
Won't you be in the office after 5 pm

tomorrow?
3. J`_ ~ duty LO__?

Won't he be on duty tomorrow ?
4. P"
next year hostel LO_ ^ ?

Won't she be in the hostel next year?
5. "~ =# JH_ helpful Q LO_~?

Won't they be helpful to us there?
6. h= WH g^@ =` LO_"?
Won't you be with us hereafter?
175
Cup team
Ganguly
Won't Ganguly be in the team for the

next World Cup?
8. ~ JH_ U = LO_^?
Won't there be any problem there
tomorrow?
9. Wk q+` XH LQH~"#
course Q LO_^?
Won't it be a useful course in future?
10. India q+` XH H=

O`" #
Ô Q
LO_^?
Won't India be a powerful nation in
future?
: 94406 16425
'Wh' QUESTIONS
EXERCISE
11. h= q+` ZO^ successful Q

LO_=?
Why won't you be successful in future?
12. D course gHO^ useful Q LO_^ ?

Why won't this course be useful to you?
13. q+` soft -ware H ZO^ _=O_

=O_^?
Why won't there be demand for software in future?
14. J`_ q+` =Oz

ZOÔ__?
position
Why won't he be in a good position in

future?
15. P" P~QOQ ZO^ =O_^?

Why won't she be healthy?
16. "~ Di \ ZO^ =O_~ ?

Why won't they be in the competition
this time?
17. h= q+` "~~O QO ZO^

LO_=?
Why won't you be in the business field
in future?
18. D book =#
=Q_^?
ZO^
Why won't this book be useful to us?
19. Next year #O_ degree course ZO^

OQ =O_^ ?
Why won't the Degree course be easy
from next year on words?
20. "~ D ~ O Q O ZO^ ~ O Q

LO_~?
Why won't they be constant in this field?
1. h= ~ camp LO_"?
2. P# P
LO_~?
college
next Principal
3. P" next year D dept LO_^?

4. "~ WH P Ti LO_~?
5. g~ ~ P game LO_~?
6. q+` ~`^ O Jqhu LO_^?
7. ~ = =O_^?
8. J`_ WH h QqQ LO__?
9. P# WH P post ZO^ =O__?
10. h= ~
=O_=?
discussions
ZO^
11. g~ WH P club members Q ZO^

=O_~?
12. "~ WH g^@ ZO^ He=O_~?
13. h= WH g^ @ <` ZO^
co-operative Q LO_=?
14. J`_ P ^q Z= HO ZO^
LO__?
15. D O=`~O ZO^ =~ =O_=?
The hands that help are holier than the lips that pray.
176
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REVISION
=#= D ~A Uq <~<= ?
D~A =#= =# Spoken English Course 'won't be' QiOz <~<=.
nxx grammar Future Tense 'Be' form JO\~. nx 1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form
3. Question Form 4. Negative Question Form J# 4 parts <~<=. D 4 parts XHi
revise KO^=.
1.
POSITIVE FORM :
Vq+` x XH ==#O^ =#= H "~H~ LO_= XH Position, Place,

Condition QiOz zOK@ Future "be" form J~# "will be " LyOK
=#.
Ex :
1. I will be a law graduate next year.

2. We will be in the conference hall tomorrow.
3. He will be alright after the treatment.
4. They will be good at English after the coaching.
2.
NEGATIVE FORM :
Vq+` x XH ==#O^ =#= H "~H~ LO_x XH Position, Place,

Condition QiOz zOK@ "will not be " (won't be) LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. I won't be in this section next year.

2. We won't be present in the party tomorrow.
3. He won't be troublesome in future.
4. They won't be in power after the next elections.
3.
QUESTION FORM :
Vq+` x XH ==#O^ =#= H "~H~ LO_= XH Position, Place,

Condition QiOz tOK@# zOK@ "Shall / Will + be " LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. Shall we be here to - night?
3. Will he be successful in his attempt?
2. Will you be careful next time? 4. Will they be in the U.S.A. perminently?
4.
Vq+` x XH ==#O^ =#= H "~H~ LO_x XH Position, Place,

Condition QiOz tOK@# zOK@ "Shalln't / Won't + be " LyOK
=#.
Ex :
1. Shalln't we be strict with them?
2. Won't you be harmful to them there?
3. Won't the match be on live relay? 4. Won't they be strong after this victory ?
177
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I Form
II Form
341
inform
informed
informed
342
injure
injured
injured
343
inquire
inquired
inquired
344
insist
insisted
insisted
345
inspect
inspected
inspected
346
inspire
inspired
inspired
347
intend
intended
intended
348
interefere
interefered
interefered
349
interrupt
interrupted
interrupted
350
introduce
introduced
introduced
351
invade
invaded
invaded
352
invent
invented
invented
353
invite
invited
invited
354
join
joined
joined
355
juggle
juggled
juggled
356
jump
jumped
jumped
357
kick
kicked
kicked
358
kidnap
kidnapped
kidnapped
359
kill
killed
killed
360
kiss
kissed
kissed
D ~A
III Form
Meaning
è*@
Q_@
qKiOK@
x~ O^~ K
@
`xvK@
~OK@
ÒK@
*HOKH#@
J_H#@
iK=K@
Ô_`@
H`Q H#Q#@
PxOK@
K~@
Q~_K@
^=@, ^@@
`#@
|`~=Q
=#+<`Hx=
KO@
=^@H#@

Z
178
A good name is got by many actions and lost by one.
: 94406 16425
'BE' FORMS - PRESENT PERFECT- HAVE BEEN / HAS BEEN

XHHi =#=

` =
L# #= (Position) = (Place) u (Condition)
ZO`HOQ L#n zOKKO^=.
"= 1995 #O_ D town L<=.

"~ Q` 5 OI #O_ U.S.A. =<~.
J
J
J
J
P" K HOQ J<~QOQ L#k.

<# Q` 5 OI Q D Hl lecturer Q L<#.
"H= =#=

` =
L# #= (Position) = (Place) u
(Condition)
ZO`HOQ L#n zOKK#q.
D q^=Q ` = =#= L# XH Position, Place or Condition ZO` HOQ ,

Zx ~A, Zx <, Zx O=`~=Q L#k zOK@
'Have been' / 'Has been' LyOK =#.
*
Note :
"H=
Q L#_ "Have been"

He, She, It Subject Q L#_ "Has been" LyOK=#.
'I, We, You, They ' Subject
EXAMPLES
1. <# Q` <Q O=`~=Q D
college student Q =<#.
6. <# Q` 10 O=`~Q D HO
h
L^yQ =<#.
2. "= 1995 #O_ D Hh "Q

=<=.
7. N O.\ . H $ + | Q ` ~ O_
O=`~=Q
H Ol HH ~ Q
=<~.
I have been a student of this college

for four years.
3.
We have been the residents of this

colony since 1995.
N KO^| 1994 #O_ T.D.P.
J^ Q L<~ .
Sri Chandra Babu has been the

President of the T.D.P. since 1994.
4. N=u =f^q Q` 5 OIIQ =

Hl x Q =<~ .
Mrs. Malathi Devi has been our
Principal for the past five years.
5. "~ KHOQ = ~Q# =<~ .

They have been our neighbours for a
long time.
179
I have been an employee of this

company for the past ten years.
Sri M.T. Krishna Babu has been the

Collector of Prakasam District for the
past two years.
8. <# 1985 #Oz D H

_Q
=<#.
9.
I have been a member of this club

since 1985.
= cousin K HOQ K <
LO@<_.
My cousin has been in Chennai for a

long time.
10. < z#`#

O #O_ =
Q~=.
11.
12.
father
<
My father has been my teacher since

my childhood.
z#\ #O_ Harish =i <#
close friends Q =<=.
Harish and I have been close friends
since childhood.
Q` "~O ~AQ "= K busy
Q =<=.
We have been very busy for the past

one week.
EXERCISE

1. < #
2.
3.
4.
13. KHOQ P" J<~QOQ =#k.

14.
She has been ill for a long time.

Q` <Q ~AQ P# leave
=<~.
He has been on leave for the past four

days.
15. Q` "~O ~AQ "`=~}O KQ

L#k.
The weather has been cold for the last
one week.
16. J\#Oz P# <g^ HOQ

=<~.
17.
18.
19.
20.
He has been angry with me since then.

P" 10 ~AQ hospital =#k.
She has been in the hospital for ten
days.
Q`H k~AQ "~ < K helpful
Q =<~.
They have been helpful to me for a few

days.
J\#Oz J`_ active Q =<_.
He has been active since then.
P case Q` 10 O=`~Q qK~}
: 94406 16425
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
z# ` # = #O_ =
grandparents `< L<#.
"= K HOQ D state <
LO@<=.
Q` "~O ~AQ degree students
stricke L<~.
Q` 15 OIIQ P# lawyer Q
L<~.
x#\ #Oz P" = WO\< L#k.
"~ Q` 25 OIIQ = town
leading businessmen Q L<~.
N KO^| `# college ~A #O_
~[H L<~.
<# 1995 #O_ D O L^yx.
Q` 4 OIIQ P case ^~ L#k.
"= Q` HO` HOQ troubles
L<=.
P" Q` "~O ~AQ H= L#k.
P O O z# <\ #O_ P#
^xH chairman Q L<~.
Q` 20 OIIQ J`_ "iH #=H" #
=_Q L<_.
J`_ Q` 20 OIIQ `QÔ
H~H~ Q L<_.
Q` 25 OIIQ t= OQ
H=x s JkH~= L#k.
=#k.
That case has been under trial for ten

years.
One must hope for better times.
Z
180
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NEGATIVE FORM
XHHi =#= W`~ ` =\_ K#C _

` =
HO` HOQ =#=
LO_x XH position, place, condition QiOz zOKKO^=.
J
J
<# <Q ~A #Oz duty #. J "= HO` HOQ J`xH helpful Q =.

Q` ~ O_ O=`~Q P ^H = J=^ . J J\ #O_ "~ WH_ ~ .
"H= Ò HO`HOQ XH~ LO_x XH position, place, condition QiOz

zOKK#q.
D q^=Q ` = =#= =\_ K# ==# Q` HO`HOQ =#= H

"~H~ LO_x XH Position, Place, Condition QiOz zOK@
"Have / Has + not + been"
LyOK=#.
*
Note :
"H=
L#C_ "have not been".
Subject Q L#C_ "has not been" LyOK=#.
I, We, You, They > Subject Q

He, She, It >
EXAMPLES
1. <# ~O_ ~AQ town #.
I have not been in the town for two
days.
2. "= Q` "~O ~AQ duty =.
6. D car Q` ~O_ <Q use ^.

7.
We have not been on duty for the past

one week.
3. J` _ Q ` Hx ~AQ =`
xÒQ LO_@O^.
8.
He has not been close with us for the

past few days.
4. P" x#\ #Oz WO\ ^.
9.
She has not been at home since

yesterday.
5. "~ Q` O=`~OQ =` LO_@O^ .

They have not been with us for the past
one year.
181
10.
This car has not been in use for the past

two months.
Sachin Q` ~
O_ series =Oz form
_.
Sachin has not been in good form for

the past two series.
Q` "~O ~AQ = hostel food
QO_@O^.
The food has not been good in our

hostel for the past one week
Q` Hx ~AQ = U problem ^.
There has not been any problem to us
for the past few days.
Q` 10 ~AQ = colony water
supply ^.
There has not been water supply in our
colony for the past ten days.
11. D ~A L^ O #O_ P# office

~.
He has not been in the office since
morning.
12. Q` ~ O_ O=`~Q = OÒ

i# =~ =.
There have not been sufficient rains in
our area for the past two years.
13. Q ` Hk ~AQ = "~ O

^HOQ ^ .
14.
Our business hasnot been profitable for

the past few days.
HO`HOQ J`_ = helpful Q _ .
He hasnot been helpful to us for some
time.
15. Q` Hx <Q P" P~QO Q ^.

Her health hasnot been good for the
past few months.
EXERCISE

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
16. J`x Ò_

=~}O ^Q~ #Oz J`_
O`+OQ _.
8.
He hasnot been happy since his father's

death.
9.
17. "~ J \ #Oz =` =OzQ

( $^=O`) =O_@O ^ .
10.
They havenot been in good terms with

us since then.
Q` ~O_ series #O_ Ganguly team
11.
Ganguly hasnot been in the team for

the last two series.
12.
18.
_.
19. XH ^| HOQ

` q^q^#O
standard LO_@O^.
There hasnot been any standard in the
education system for a decade.
20. Q` Hk O=`~=Q ÒQ}

OÒ Ja=$k^ .
There hasnot been any development in
Telangana area for a few years.
: 94406 16425
13.
14.
15.
<# ~O_ ~AQ free Q #.

x# LÔ #Oz = colony
power supply ^.
Q` Hx O=`~Q P college
H=tH}^.
Q` Hx ~AQ J`_ active Q _ .
Q` ~O_ ~AQ Q[~` iu
J^^.
1995 #Oz ^ ~ ^ =`
~}=.
Q` Hk <Q P product demand
^.
Q ` 6 < Q D medicines
^~H@O^.
"i father =~}O #O_ "~ WH_
LO_@O^.
Q ` Hx O =` ~Q WH _
"`=~ } O
== =#
J#OQ^.
Q` ~O_ <Q P" P~Q iu
Q ^.
Q` 5 OIIQ P# ~[H
~.
J\# O_ "~ partners Q ~.
P# HO`HOQ P post ~.
P" x#\ #O_ $ ~ .
The hand that rocks the cradle is the hand that rules the world.
182
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QUESTION FORM
XHHi =#=

` =
XH~ L# Position, Place, Condition ZO`HOQ
LO@<~ tOKKO^=.
J
J
h= 4 OIIQ WH_ L^yQ =<"? J g~ Q` 10 OIIQ D town =<~?

KHOQ P" J<~QOQ =#^? J "~ 2001 #O_ D field =<~?
"H= XH~

` O =# XH Position, Place, Condition ZO`HOQ =O@#
q+O QiOz tOK@# zOKK#q.
D q^=Q ` = =#= =\_ K# ==# XH~ =# XH Position, Place,

Condition Z\ #O_ =O@<~
t OK@# zOK@
"Have / Has + been"
LyOK=#.
*
Note :
"H=
I, We, You, They > Subject Q

He, She, It >
L#C_ 'Have been'

Subject Q L#C_ 'Has been' LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1. h= <Q O=`~Q D
student Q =<"?
college
6. 2001 #O_ P# g xQ
=<~?
Have you been a student of this college

for four years?
Has he been your Principal since 2001?
2. g~ 1995 #O_ D
LO@<~?
town
<
Have you been in this town since 1995?
3. g father ~ O_ O =` ~Q
J<~QOQ =<~?
Has your father been ill for two years?
4. P" P~ <Q g`< =#^?

Has she been with you for six months?
5. "~ <Q ~AQ busy Q =<~?

Have they been busy for four days?
183
7. J\ #O_ g~ D WO\< L<~?

Have you been in this house since then?
8. J\ #Oz J`_ h
=<_?
helpful
Has he been helpful to you since then?
9. z#\
#O_ gi^~ O _Q =<~?.
Have you been friends since childhood
days?
10. <Q ~AQ "`=~}O KQ

=#^?
Has the climate been cold for four days?
11. h= ZO`HOQ D O L^yQ

=<=?
Howlong have you been an employee
of this firm?
12. g~ ZO`HOQ D town L<~?

Howlong have you been in this town?
13. ZO`HOQ P" J<~QOQ =#k?

Howlong has she been ill?
14. ZO` H OQ
x`?
g~
XH i HH ~
Howlong have you been close to each

other?
15. "~ ZO`HOQ "~ ~OQO

L<~?
Howlong have they been in the
business field?
16. P# P O ZO`HOQ K~ <Q

=<~?
Howlong has he been the Chairman of
that firm?
17. Wx ~AQ g~ ZH _ L< ~ ?

Where have you been all these days?
18. Wx O=`~Q g
Z=~ =<~?
guardian
Who has been your guardian all these

years?
19. Wx ~AQ h= JH_ XO@iQ Z

=<=?
How have you been alone there all
these days?
20. g cousins ZO` H OQ

=<~?
U.S.A.
Howlong have your cousins been in the

U.S.A?
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE

1. g father Q` ~ O_ O=`~=Q D
bank manager Q L<~?
2. h= ~ O_ QO@ #O_ WH_ =<"?
3. g~ Q` 5 O=`~Q Hq\ "O|~Q
=<~?
4. P# 1990 #O_ g Ti ~OKQ
=<~?
5. P" Q`"~O ~AQ hospital
=#^?
6. "~ LÔ #O_ laboratory
=<~?
7. x#\ #O_ "`=~}O WH_ KQ
=#^?
8. Q` ~O_ O=`~=Q J`_ D
office incharge Q =<_?
9. g~ ZO`HOQ J`x` xÒQ
=<~?
10. h= ZO`HOQ D Hq\ _Q
L<=?
11. g father ZO` H OQ politics
L<~?
12. P" ZO`HOQ g` =#k?
13. P# ZO`HOQ D profession
=<~?
14. "~ ZO`HOQ WO_ =<~ ?
15. h= ZO`HOQ J`x `_Q
=<=?
A prophet is not honoured in his own country.
184
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REVISION
=#= D ~A Uq <~<= ?
D~A =#= =# Spoken English Course 'Have been / Has been"
QiOz <~<=. Have been / Has been J# nxx grammar Present Perfect
'Be' form JO\~. nx 1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form J# 3
1.
POSITIVE FORM :
`= =#= H "~H~ L# XH Position, Place or Condition ZO`

HOQ LO@#n ==` zOK@ "Have been / Has been"
LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. I have been here since 7 'O' clock.

2. We have been on special duty for three days.
3. He has been ill for a long time.
4. She has been with us since July last.
2.
NEGATIVE FORM :
QÒx HO`HOQ =#= H "~H~ #@=O\ XH Position, Place,

Condition zOK@ "havenot been / has not been" LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. I havenot been in the town for two days.

2. We have not been in the office since morning.
3. She hasnot been well for one week.
3.
QUESTION FORM :
`= =#==# XH position, place, condition ZO` HOQ =O@#n

tOK@# zOK@ "Have been / Has been" LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. Have you been busy for one week ?

2. Have they been here since morning ?
3. Has he been your Principal for four years ?
4. Has she been sick since yesterday ?
185
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I Form
II Form
III Form
361
knock
knocked
knocked
362
lack
lacked
lacked
363
lag
lagged
lagged
364
lament
lamented
lamented
365
laugh
laughed
laughed
366
lessen
lessened
lessened
367
levy
levied
levied
368
lick
licked
licked
369
dread
dreaded
dreaded
370
dissolve
dissolved
dissolved
371
conceive
conceived
conceived
372
congeal
congealed
congealed
373
condole
condoled
condoled
374
elapse
elapsed
elapsed
375
emancipate
emancipated
emancipated
376
foozle
foozeled
foozeled
377
confound
confounded
confounded
378
certify
certified
certified
379
prove
proved
proved
380
praise
praised
praised
D ~A
Meaning
`@@
H~=|_=O_@
"#H|_O_@
~kOK@
#=@
`yOK@
qkOK@
<@, Q`@
_ @
H~yOK h\
ÒK@
Q_H@@
qK~= `@
H= fi=@
q=HK@
xx _K
@
=~K
@
H`| WK@
|A= K@
"KH#@

Z
186
A proud mind and a poor purse are illmet.
: 94406 16425
SHALL
=#= q+` Hx # K = ## L^ = Hey O^=. XHHi
W`~` =\_ K#_ =#= (I, we) q+` P ## K
L^ =#
QiOz zOKKO^=.
<# ~ leave apply K#. J "= D i ^~ O_Q = Ti [~O\=.

"= D town < settle J=`=. J <# next month scooter HO\#.
D q^=Q q+` x XH == #O^ ~ , =K "~O, =K <, =K O=`~O H
q+` x U W`~ ==#O^# # <# (I) , H "= (we), =#= XH xx K
L^=# (idea) zOK@
"Shall + I form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
J
J
WK@ = # = `H K# zOK@^ . H=O XH xx

K L^=# zOK@. 'Shall' J# form H=O I, We J# subjects
=`" =K#.
'< L^= '<# zOK@ 'I shall'
'= L^=# "= zOK@ 'We shall'
*
Note :
EXAMPLES
1. < # ~ q<~ O \#.
6.
I shall participate in the seminar.
2.
We shall discuss this matter in the

meeting tomorrow.
"= =K "~O "

~ visit K=.
We shall visit Mysore next week.
7.
3. <#=K < computer course join

J=`#.
I shall join the computer course next
month.
4.
"= =K [#=i family Hyderabad

H shift K=.
We shall shift our family
5.
<# =K Pk"~O =
WO\H invite K#.
friends x
9.
I shall invite my friends to my house

next Sunday.
187
8.
to
Hyderabad next January.
" = ~ g\ O Q D q+ O
Ki =.
<# =K "~O < L^QO QiOz
XH x~O fO\#.
I shall take a decision about my
studies next week.
"= =K O=`~O <~ branch
open K=.
We shall open a branch in Nellore next
year.
<#`~ Delhi "`#.
I shall leave for Delhi soon.
10. "= =K O=`~O q["_

settle J=`=.
We shall settle down in Vijayawada
next year.
11. <# =K "~O bank test H appear

J=`#.
13.
I shall appear for the bank test next

week.
"= next Monday bank Manager
# consult J=`=.
We shall consult the Bank Manager
next Monday.
<# next week leave H apply
14.
I shall apply for leave next week.

"= =K U annual day
12
K#.
[~`=.
We shall celebrate the annual day

next April.
15. <# ~ "iH D q+O

è*#.
16.
I shall inform them this news tomorrow .

"= ~ JH_ guests =u
U~@ K=.
We shall provide accommodation

for the guests there tomorrow.
17. <# next time P job HO Ò
K#.
I shall try for that job next time.
18. "= =K < P W Mm K=.

19.
We shall vacate that house next

month.
<# ~ SBI ~. 50,000/
_l\ K#.
I shall deposit Rs. 50,000/- in the

SBI tomorrow.
20.
"= ~ g\OQH Jx U~@

K=.
We shall make all the arrangements
for the meeting tomorrow.
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE

1. <# ~ D q+O h help
K#.
2.
" = =K "~ O H * \
x~=.
3. <# =K < H` course join
J=`#.
4. "= `~ WH_ W construct
K=.
5. <# ~ x# P
H#.
6. "= =K "~O O_OQ files clear
K=.
7. < # ~ J` x ` D q+ O
=\_`#.
8. "= =K < 5 # = birthday
K grand Q celebrate K=.
9. <# =K O=`~= QO@~ A.C.
Hl join J=`#.
10. "= =K _O|~ H` WO\H
shift J=`=.
11. <# ~ marriage J`xH XH watch
present K#.
12. "= =K "q tour x~=.
13. <# next summer English grammar
<~O\#.
14. " = D i function H =
|O^=Oîh Px=.
15. <# D i ZxH BJP H F@
"#.
Cut your coat according to the cloth.
188
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NEGATIVE FORM
XHHi =#= W`~ ` =\_ K#C _ q+` x XH ==#O^
=# XHx K L^= O_@# QiOz zOK KO^=.
J
J
<# ~ JH_"ix H=#.

J "= =K"~O P programme #=.
"= "i q+O *HO KH=. J <# next May EAMCET H appear J=#.
"H= q+` x XH == #O^ XH~ XH xK

L^ =
H=@# QiOz zOK K#q.

q+` x U W`~ ==#O^# # =\_ K# =H (speaker) <# H "= (I , We)
`# Kx XH xx QiOz zOK@
''''Shall + not + I form of the Verb LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=x
I, We, Subject Q
L#_ =`" 'Shall not LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1.
2.
<# ~
J=#.
attend
6. "= Di "i q+O *HO

KH=.
I shall not attend the computer class

tomorrow.
"= =K < D course join J==.
We shall not join this course next
month.
We shall not interefere in their matter

this time.
computer class
3. <# ~ "iH `_Q <~ "#.

4.
I shall not accompany them to Nellore

tomorrow.
"= D i annual day celebrate
K=.
7. <# WH J`x O H~#.

8.
I shall not seek his help hereafter.

" = D i g\ O Q postpone
9.
We shall not postpone the meeting

this time.
< # next year D H l work
We shall not celebrate the annual day

this time.
5. < # ~ J` x ` D q+ =
=\_#.
I shall not talk to him this matter
tomorrow.
189
10.
K=.
K#.
I shall not work in this college next

year.
"= ~ strike #=.
We shall not participate in the strike
tomorrow.
11. <# =K < =
native place H "#.
I shall not go to my native place next

month.
12. " = ~ JH _ "i H O

K=.
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE
wait
1. <# ~ P duty H attend J=#.
We shall not wait for them there
2. "= D < house rent pay K=.
tomorrow.
13. <# =K < =

O#.
brother
money
3. <# ~ "i` K< "#.

4. "= D i
work delay K=.
I shall not send money to my brother

next month.
14. "= D i P hotel stay K =.

We shall not stay at that hotel this time.
15. <# ~ HlH ~#.

I shall not come to college tomorrow.
16. " = next

Q_=.
month holidays
WH_
We shall not spend our holidays here
6. "= D i farewell party celebrate

K=.
7. <# ~ D q+O J`xH K#.
8. "= WH J`xx #==.
9. <# WH J`x` move J=#.
next month.
17. <# D i test H apply K#.

I shall not apply for the test this time.
18. "= D i J`xH

W==.
money
JCQ
EAMCET
coaching
I shall not take coaching for the

EAMCET this time.
20. " = ~ JH _
K=.
10. "= "iH D q+O U

W==.
trouble
11. <# D book refer K#.
We shall not lend him money this time.
19. <# Di
fH#.
5. <# degree `~"` studies continue

K#.
work continue
We shall not continue the work there
12. "= D q+O "iH

K=.
support
13. <# WH < time waste K#.

14. "= WH "i P^~_
=
.
15. "= Di tournments x~OK=.
tomorrow.
Spare the rod and spoil the child.
190
: 94406 16425
QUESTION FORM
XHHi =#= W`~ ` =\_ K#C _ q+` x XH ==#O^
<# H =#= XH xx K^K L^=# tOKKO^=.
J
J
<# ~ J`xH letter "^ ?

<# =K < h money O^?
J
J
=#= =K Pk"~O picnic "^=?

<# h shop #O_book f=K^ ?
"H= =#= W`~ ` =\_ K#C _ q+` x XH ==#O^

<# H =#= XH xx K^K L^=# tOK@# zOKK#q.
D q^=Q q+`x XH ==#O^ ~, =K"~O, =K<, =K O=`~O

=\_K# =H H = (<# H =#=) XH xx K= L^=# tOK@
"Shall + I form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=x
Shall
J# D form 'I' =i 'We' J# subjects =`" LyOK=#.

EXAMPLES
1. <# ~ g PH =K^?
Shall I come to your office tomorrow?
2. =#= next Sunday picnic "^=?

Shall we go on a picnic next Sunday?
3. =#= next Monday

consult J=^=?
manager
Shall we consult the Manager next

Monday?
4. <# D q+O ~ "iH

K^?
inform
Shall I Inform them this matter

tomorrow?
5. =#=
next Sunday farewell party

celebrate K^=?
Shall we celebrate the farewell party
next Sunday?
191
6. <# ~ h HO WO\ ^Q~

K^?
wait
Shall I wait for you at home tomorrow?
7. <# ~ <~H h `_Q =K^?

shall I accompany you to Nellore
tomorrow?
8. =#= next
K^=?
month Mysore visit
Shall we visit Mysore next month?
9. =#= ~ J`xH marriage XH

watch present K^=?
Shall we present him a watch in the
marriage tomorrow?
10. =#= D i function H

HH~# invite K^=?
guest
Shall we invite the Collector as guest

to the function this time?
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE
'Wh' QUESTIONS
1. <# ~ hHO ZH_ wait Kk?
Where shall I wait for you tomorrow?
2. =#= new house H ZC_

J=^=?
shift
When shall we shift to the new house?
3. <# h Chennai #O_ Uq `Kk

?
What shall I bring for you from
Chennai?
4. =#= next U course join J=^=?

Which course Shall we join next?
5. <# ~ g father H Uq Kk?

What shall I tell your father tomorrow?
6. =#= ~ J`xH ZO`

K^=?
money pay
Howmuch money shall we pay him

tomorrow?
7. =#= ~ Hyderabad U @
stay K^=?
In which hotel Shall we stay in
Hyderabad tomorrow ?
8. =#= ~ JH_ Z=ix

J=^=?
consult
Whom shall we consult there

tomorrow?
9. =#= MBA H ZH_ apply K^=?

Where shall we apply for MBA?
10. =#= al< ZO` amount invest

K^=?
1. =#= ~ classes boycot K^=?

2. <# ~ "iH D message O^?
3. <# ~ evening show H =#H tickets
book K^?
4. =#= next month D
K^=?
house vacate
5. <# ~ h D q+O Q~ K^?

6. =#=
next week invitation cards
distribute K^=?
7. <# D book fH<^?

9. <# ~ OH #O_ money withdraw
K^?
10. <# D point dairy note K H<^?
11. =#= house
K^=?
work
Z C _
start
12. <# g WO\H ZC_ =Kk?

13. =#= =# #
admit K^=?
14. ~
next year
=#= =u ZH_
provide K^= ?
15.
guests
Next Sunday
=#= ZH_H
"^=?
Howmuch amount shall we invest in
the business?
A stitch in time saves nine.
192
: 94406 16425

XHHi =#= W`~ ` =\_ K#C _ q+` x XH == #O^
=#= Kx XH xx QiOz negative sense tOKKO^=.
J
J
<# ~ JH_ J`xx H==^?

<# =~ WH_H uiy ~=^?
J
J
=#= ~ P function H attend H=^ ?

=#= D test H appear H=^?
"H = q + ` =#= K x XH x x Q iOz t O K @#

zOKK#q.
D q^=Q q+` x XH == #O^ J#Q ~ , =K "~O, =K <, =K O=`~O

H q+` x =i W`~ == #O^# # <# (I) H "= , =#= (we) J#Q
=\_K# =H (speaker) `# Kx XH xx QiOz negative sense tOK@#
zOK@
"Shalln't + I form of the Verb" LyOK =#.
*
Note : "H=
I, We =`" Subject
Q LO_#. H#H "Shalln't " =K#.
EXAMPLES
1. <# ~ WH_ ~=^?
Shalln't I come here tomorrow?
2. =#= ~ "i` D q+ O
KiOK=^?
Shalln't we discuss this matter with
them tomorrow?
3. <# ~ J`xH D q+O K=^?

Shalln't I tell him this matter tomorrow?
4. =#= ~ J` x H
K=^?
money pay
Shalln't we pay him money tomorrow?
5. " = ~ JH _H " = ^ ?
Shalln't we go there tomorrow?
193
6. <# D letter post K=^?

Shalln't I post this letter?
7. =#= D q+O "iH `=^?

Shalln't we inform them this matter?
8. < # ~ bank #O_

K=^?
money draw
Shalln't I withdraw money from the

bank tomorrow?
9. " = ~ gH O JH _
K=^?
wait
Shalln't we wait there for you tomorrow?
10. <# J`xH help K=^?

Shalln't I help him?
: 94406 16425
'Wh' QUESTIONS
EXERCISE
11. ~ JH_H =#= ZO^ "=

^?
Why shalln't we go there tomorrow?
12. ~ <# duty H ZO^ attend H=^?

Why shalln't I attend the duty
tomorrow?
13. P programme " = ZO^

#=^?
Why shalln't we participate in that
programme?
14. ~ g` <<O^ ~=^?

Why shalln't I come with you
tomorrow?
15. ~ "= JH_ ZO^ stayK =^?

Why shalln't we stay there tomorrow?
16. =#O ~ " `

P_=^?
match
ZO^
Why shalln't we play match against

them tomorrow?
17. < # "i` Dq+ O ZO^

=\_=^?
Why shalln't I talk to them this matter?
18. =#= J` x H
O=^?
money
ZO^
1. <# D photograph J`xH K=^?

2. =#= Di "i P^~_
=
^?
3. <# D letters type K=^?
4. =#= D H~ K~=
^?
5. =#= ~ J`xH phone K=^?
6. <# ~ D bill pay K=^?
7. =#= ~ "ix invite K=^?
8. =#= JH_ "ix OkOK=^?
9. <# ~ J`xH `_Q "=^?
10. =#= May test H appear J==^?
11. < # ~ JH _ J` x x ZO^
H==^?
12. =#= J`xx D q+O ZO^
J_Q=^?
13. <# ~ P file ZO^ `=^?
Why shalln't we send him money?
19. =#= P WO\H ZO^ shift H=^?

Why shalln't we shift to that house?
20. =#= D i "i O ZO^

H~=^?
Why shalln't we seek their help this
time?
14. =#= JH _
fH=^?
dinner
ZO^
15. <# D medicine ZO^ fH=^?
A bad workman complains of his tools.
194
: 94406 16425
REVISION
=#= D ~A Uq <~<= ?
D~A =#= =# Spoken English Course 'Shall' QiOz <~<=.
'Shall' J# ^xx grammar Anomalous Verb - (Future Form) JO\~. nx =#=
1.
POSITIVE FORM :
q+` XH xx K
L^ =# zOK@ "Shall + I form of the Verb "
LyOK=#. I, We - Subject Q L#C_ =`" 'shall' =K#.
Ex :
1. I shall meet you tomorrow.

2. We shall celebrate the Farewell Party next Sunday.
3. I shall appear for the I-CET next May.
4. We shall organize a tour next month.
2.
NEGATIVE FORM :
q+` XH xx K H =@# (L^ = H) negative sense zOK@

"Shall not + I form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. I shall not continue my studies next year.

2. We shall not stay here tomorrow.
3. I shall not join this course.
4. We shall not seek his help in this matter.
3.
QUESTION FORM :
q+` XH xx K
L^ =# QiOz
t
OK@# zOK@ "Shall
+ I form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. Shall I consult the Manager tomorrow?

2. Shall we visit Mysore next month?
3. Shall I come here tomorrow?
4. Shall we play a friendly match next Sunday?
4.
Vq+` =#= K x XH xx QiOz (L^ = H) negative sense

tOK@# zOK@ "Shalln't + I form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. Shalln't I wait for you tomorrow?

2. Shalln't we invite them to the party next week?
3. Shalln't I bring books for you?
4. Shalln't we stay here tonight?
195
: 94406 16425

I Form
II Form
III Form
381.
lift
lifted
lifted
382.
lighten
lightened
lightened
383.
listen
listened
listened
384.
live
lived
lived
385.
locate
located
located
386.
maintain
maintained
maintained
387.
manage
managed
managed
388.
marry
married
married
389.
mediate
mediated
mediated
390.
mend
mended
mended
391.
mention
mentioned
mentioned
392.
merge
merged
merged
393.
mingle
mingled
mingled
394.
miss
missed
missed
395.
mix
mixed
mixed
396.
moan
moaned
moaned
397.
mock
mocked
mocked
398.
mourn
mourned
mourned
399.
move
moved
moved
400.
murmer
murmered
murmered
D ~A
Meaning
H`@
~=# `yO K
q#@
x=tOK@
=# H#Q#
x~OK@
[iOK@
q"=_@
=^= K
iK@
zOK@
XH\ K@
HH#@
Qi `@,
JO^HH =@
H@
"Q U_@
ZQò K@
HOK@
HkeOK@
Q}Q@

Z
196
Despair gives courage to a coward.
: 94406 16425
WILL
=#= Hx # q+` ` H K =#x x~~ OKHO^=. XHH
i W`~ ` =\_ K#C _ =#= H "~H~ q+` ` H K
XH
xx QiOz zOKKO^=.
1 <# D i ` H prize Q #.
2. "= =K < `H loan clear K =.
3. P" D i =## ` H PxO k. 5. ~" QOQb =~ captain J=`_.
D q^=Q =#=Qx "~H~ Qx q+` x XH ==#O^ ~ , =K" ~O, =K
<, =K O=`~O H q+` x =i W`~ == #O^# # ` H definite Q K =
XH xx zOK@
" Will + I form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note :
"H=x
U^## "Will + I form" =K#.

q+` K = XH xx QiOz XH Q\ x~
O fHx P xx ` H
K@QiOz zOK@.
EXAMPLES
1. <# D sH `H
pass J=`#.
I will pass this examination definitely.
2.
"= YzÒQ D q+O h

support K=.
We will support you in this matter.
3. h= ` ~ appointment
JOÔ\=.
team
x QOn =~ J"n #O_

~" O\ \ K~ .
Mrs.
Mrs. Sonia Gandhi will contest to the

Parliament from Amethi again.
197
7. ZxH Hg+< `~ ZxH `n#

H\Ok.
8.
The Election Commission will

announce the election dates soon.
D train ~ L^ O 10 QOII _b
9.
This train will reach Delhi at 10 a.m.

tomorrow.
"~ ~ J`xx hospital admit
10.
They will admit him to hospital

tomorrow.
"~ =K < H` product # =~\
next
Rahul Dravid will become the next

captain of the Indian team.
5.
They will complete this course next

December.
orders
You will receive the appointment

orders soon.
4. ~ ^q_ Indian
captain J=`_.
6. "~ =K _O|~ D H~ i
K~ .
K~O@Ok.
K~ .
xH q_^ K~ .
They will release a new product into

the market next month.
11. = "<[~ ~
Vizag camp "`~.

Our Manager will go on camp to
Vizag tomorrow.
12. =Y=Ou _ ~ ^ x` ~R
= Ki~ .
13.
The C.M will discuss the state

problems with the P.M. in Delhi
tomorrow.
D world cup \ =# Indian
team
finals H K~O@Ok.
The Indian team will reach the finals
in this world cup tournments.
14. H=x s "~ =K ="~O

^~^ s ~b x~~ .
The Communist parties will organise
a huge ralley in Hyderabad next
Monday.
15. "~ D O=`~O "~O ^

amount
@|_ _`~.
They will invest a big amount in the
business this year.
16. = uncle retire J # ` ~ "`
business start K~ .
My uncle will start business after his
retirement.
17. "~ `~ XH English dictionary
publish K~ .
They will publish a new English
Dictionary soon.
18. C.B.I. P H ^~ KOk.
The C.B.I. will investigate the case.
19. ~ HH~ programme # inaugurate
K~ .
20.
The Collector will inaugurate the

programme tomorrow.
Ò `~ ordinance pass
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE

1. <# ~ `H sH A pay K#.
2. " = D q+ O h ` H
Hi=.
3. = father ~ = x
#
consult
J=`~.
4. P" ~ `# 21= \# ~A [~
O@Ok.
5. "~ =K< bank loan clear K~ .
6. ~ annual day celebrations "=
XH <\H
^
i =.
7. Lx x=i\ E< 16#
B.Ed., entrance test x~Ok.
8. ~ = WO\H guests =~ .
9. = brother next year USA "_.
10. = father D i =x ZxH
\K ~ .
11. "~ ~ 7 p.m H programme
~Oa~ .
12. "= next Sunday Hindi test " =.
13. = father next June = brother x
B.Tech admit K~ .
14. < # x# =~ ~ O ` O
H#.
15. English lecturer ~ =# new poem
explain K~ .
KOk.
The government will pass the

ordinance soon.
Birds of the same feather gather together.
198
: 94406 16425
NEGATIVE FORM
q+` x XH ==#O^ XH~ K x XH xx QiOz XH (firm decision)
|"# x~O zOKKO^=.
J
J
<# D q+O h O K#.

P" D proposal XCH^.
"= D i
Ò fail J==.
P# D i ZH< \ K ~.
J
J
"H= q+` x XH ==#O^ XH~ K x XH x QiOz (firm

decision) XH |"# x~=# zOKK#q.

q+` x U W`~ ==#O^# # =#= H "~H~ K x XH xx QiOz XH Q\
x~O` KC@# zOK@
"Will + not + I form of the Verb LyOK=#.
*
Note :
"H=x
U^ # #
LyOK=#.
''''Will + not + I form of the verb
EXAMPLES
1. <# D mistake =~ K#.
6. "= D i PsH vote "=.
I will not commit this mistake again.
2. "= D J=H=# =^H=.
7.
We will not lose this opportunity.
3. = brother WH
K_.
studies continue
My brother will not continue his

studies.
4. = cousin h
K_.
proposal
8. "<[~ h XH H ~ HO>
Z= loan sanction K~.
accept
9.
My cousin will not accept to your

proposal.
5. "~ D < P house vacate K~.

They will not vacate that house this
month.
199
We will not vote for that party this time.

h= q+` "i #Oz U problem
face K=.
You will not face any problem from
them in future.
10.
The Manager will not sanction you

more than Rs. 1 lakh loan.
= sister next year college K^ =^.
My sister will not study in the college
next year.
g~ picnic " @ principal
permission W=~.
The Principal will not give you
permission to go on a picnic.
11.
Manager D~A
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE
P ~~.
The Manager will not come to office
today.
12. Ò D O=`~O
s K ^.
Group-2 posts
1.
The government will not fill up the

Group - 2 posts this year.
13. "~ ~ JH_ g#Oz Ug demand

K~.
2. PO^x=i\ Di entrance test

x~OK^.
3. " = ~
14. "= "iH JH_ U =u

K=.
provide
5. "~ ~ strike =^` W=~.
We will not provide them any
6. J`_ WH D scooter use K_.
accommodation there tomorrow.
7.
16. = father WH business KH~.

My father will not look after business
hereafter.
ANR WH films act K~.
x~OK~.
They will not organize a tour this year.
19. "= WH == credit J==.

We will not sell goods on credit.
20. "~ ~ D q+x

fH#~.
serious
8.
Next test match Shehwag P__.
9. ~ =# l | #_==.
10. `= P G.O. # LOiOK
H^.
12. ~ g\OQ <# < JaO
express K#.
13. "~ =K "~O class x~OK~.
14. =
They will not consider this matter

seriously.
D course admission
11. WO_< QOnrx Z\H =~z~.
ANR will not act in films hereafter.

tour
principal h
W=~.
They will not publish guides hereafter.
18. "~ D O=`~O
4. = father < D < money O~.
15. "~ WH guides publish K~.
17.
college function
indiscipline tolerate K=.
They will not demand anything from

you there tomorrow.
D O=`~O
syllabus change K^.
Intermediate Board
D q+ O ##
encourage K~.
friends
15. = brother D O=`~O

O^_.
promotion
Z
The child is father of the man.
200
: 94406 16425
QUESTION FORM
=#= W`~ ` =\_ K#C _ q+` x XH == #O^ XH~ ` H
(definite) K XH xx QiOz tOKKO^=.
J
J
h= D i definite Q pass J=`" ? J g~ =K < definite Q money repay K~ ?

P" D proposal `H XCO@O^ ? J N KO^| =~ .ZO. J=`~ ?
"H= =#= q+` x XH ==#O^ ` H K

XH xx
tOK@# zOKK#q.
D q^=Q q+` x XH == #O^ ~ , =K" ~O, =K< , =K O=`~O H

q+`x =i W`~ == #O^## =#= H "~H~ `H K XH xx
tOK@
"Will + I form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=x
Subject You, He, She, It, They
J~#C_
'will +I form of the verb'
LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1. h= next year studies continue K"?
6. N KO^| =~ =# CM J=`~?
Will you continue your studies next

year ?
g~ D town < settle J=`~ ?
Will you settle down in this town ?
g brother next month U.S.A. "` _?
Will your brother go to the U.S.A. next
month ?
g sister D O=`~O degree i
Will Sri Chandra Babu become our

C.M. again ?
D tournments Indian team definite
Q finals H K~O@O^ ?
Will the Indian team reach the finals
in this tournments definitely ?
g~ ~ definite Q bill pay K~ ?
Will you pay the bill definitely tomorrow?
q.q.Z. H;} D series _ Q
shine J=`_ ?
Will V.V.S. Lakshman succeed in this
series also ?
2.
3.
4.
KO^ ?
5.
201
Will your sister complete her degree

this year ?
g friends D q+O h `H cooperate K~ ?
Will your friends co-operate you in this
matter ?
7.
8.
9.
10. \._., a.*. H Di _ =^`

WO^ ?
Will the TDP support the BJP this time
also ?
11. h= Head-master # ZC_

J=`= ?
12.
13. N KO^| D i ZH_ \

K~ ?
14.
15.
Where will Sri Chandra Babu contest

this time ?
g~ future ZH_ settle J=`~ ?
Where will you settle down in future ?
"~ <~ branch ZC_ open
K~ ?
16.
17.
When will they open the branch in

Nellore ?
"~ ~ P work H ZO` money
demand K~ ?
Howmuch money will they demand for
that work tomorrow ?
~ JH_ =## Z=~ receive
KO\~ ?
18.
19.
20.
EXERCISE
consult
When will you consult the Headmaster ?

g~ next Sunday ZH_H "` ~ ?
Where will you go next Sunday ?
Who will receive us there tomorrow ?

Next Sunday g function Z=~
inaugurate K~ ?
Who will inaugurate the function next
Sunday ?
~ interview H ZO` =Ok candidates
attend J=`~ ?
Howmany condidates will attend the
interview tomorrow ?
g~ next year college H ZO` amount
donate K~ ?
Howmuch amount will you donate for
the college next year ?
: 94406 16425

1. g~ ~ college function <\H play
K~ ?
2. h= next month scooter HO\" ?
3. g
x#
admit K~ ?
father
next year B.Tech
4. P" next year _ Vizag <

K^=Ò^ ?
5. "~ =# ~ material supply
K~?
6. =Y=Ou ~ =# l ~@#
=~ ?
7. N=u x QOn ^ x J=`~?
8. g~ =K "~ = seminar
O\~ ?
9. g brother next month job H resign
K_ ?
10. "~ x# WOHH i #=`~ ?
11. g~ D q+= x~O ZC_
fO\~ ?
12. h= D i Z=iH F@ "= ?
13. `[ next U film direct K_ ?
14. g father h ~ ZO`
O`~ ?
Man doesnot live by bread alone.
money
Z
202
: 94406 16425

XHHi =#= W`~ ` =\_ K#C _ q+` x XH ==#O^
XH~ Kx XH xx QiOz negative sense tOKKO^=.
~ =#= "ix H==^ ?

J`_ =K "~O duty H attend J=_ ?
J
J
J
J
h= ~ computer class H ~" ?

P" WH college K^=^ ?
"H= q+` K x XH xx QiOz

t
OK@# zOKK#q.
D q^=Q =#=Qx, "~H~ Qx q+` x XH ==#O^ J#Q ~ , =K <,

=K O=`~O H q+` x =i W`~ ==#O^# # K x XH xx QiOz
negative sense tOK@# zOK@
"Willn't (won't) + I form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note :
"H=
You, He, She, It, They - subject Q
L#C_ 'Won't' LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1. g~ < D q+O help K~?
Won't you help me in this matter?
2. h= ~ office H "" ?
Won't you go to office tomorrow?
8. g~ WH J` x q+ = *H O
KH~?
hereafter?
Won't he join this course ?
4. P" D proposal XCH#^ ?

Won't she accept to this proposal ?
5. "~ D town settle J=~ ?

Won't they settle down in this town?
receive
Won't they receive us there tomorrow?

203
Won't you wait there till tomorrow ?
Won't you interefere in his matter
3. J`_ D course join J=_ ?
6. "~ ~ =## JH _
KH~?
7. g~ ~\ =~ JH_ wait K~ ?
9. h= Di
K" ?
entrance test
apply
Won't you apply for the entrance test

this time ?
10. P" next

xK^?
year
college
Won't she work in this college next

year?
: 94406 16425
'Wh' QUESTIONS
EXERCISE
11 h= ~ =` picnic H ZO^ ~=?
Why won't you come on picnic with us

tomorrow ?
12. g~ next week =~ WH_ ZO^

LO_~ ?
Why won't you stay here till next week?
13. J` _ h D q+ O ZO^
HiOK_ ?
Why won't he co-operate with you in
this matter ?
14. P" D medicines ZO^ fH#^?

Why won't she take these medicines?
15. "~ =# ZO^ support K~?

Why won't they support us ?
16. h= ZO^ P xK= ?

17. "~ J`x ZO^ K~ fH#~?
Why won't they take action against
him?
18. h= next March exam H ZO^ appear

J== ?
Why won't you appear for the exams
next March ?
meeting
H ZO^
2. g~ ~ T.V. cricket match K_~?

3. g~ next Sunday Ongole H ~~ ?
4. h= next May entrance test H appear
J=" ?
5. P" D i function H =## invite
K^ ?
6. J`_ ~ bill pay K_ ?
7. "~ D q+ O =#H HiOK~?
8. h= ~ ZxH vote "" ?
Why won't you do that work ?
19. J`_ ~
J=_ ?
1. h= WH studies continue K"?
attend
Why won't he attend the meeting

tomorrow ?
20. "~ D O=`~O tour ZO^ organize

K~ ?
9. h= ~ office H ZO^ "= ?

10. g~ next week
x~OK~ ?
meeting
ZO^
11. P# D i ZxH ZO^ \

K~ ?
12. P" D i birthday ZO^ celebrate
KH^ ?
13. "~ ~ =## ZO^
J=~?
cousult
14. g~ ~ seminar ZO^ #~?

15. J`_ ~ =#` TiH ZO^~_?
Why won't they organize a tour this

year?
Z
Half a loaf is better than no bread.
204
: 94406 16425
REVISION
=#= D ~A Uq <~<= ?
D~A =#= =# Spoken English Course 'Will' QiOz <~<=.
'Will' J# ^xx grammar Anomalous Verb - (Future Form) JO\~. nx =#=
1.
POSITIVE FORM :
q+` x XH == #O^ ` HK

XH xx QiOz zOK@ "Will
+ I form of the verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
2.
1. I will help you in this matter.
2. We will organize a tour next month.
3. She will join MBA next June.
3. He will participate in the seminar next Sunday.
NEGATIVE FORM :
q+` x XH ==#O^ XH~ K x XH xx QiOz

zOK@"Won't + I form of the verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
3.
negative sense
1. I won't stay here tomorrow.
2. We won't settle down in this town.
3. He won't come here next week.
4. They won't accept to this proposal.
QUESTION FORM :
q+`x XH ==#O^ `HK XH xx QiOz tOK@#

zOK@ "Will + I form of the verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. Will you post this letter?

2. Will you visit Tirumala next month?
3. Will you complete the course next December?
4. Will they vacate the house next month?
4.
q+` x XH == #O^ XH~ K x XH xx QiOz negative sense

tOK@# zOK@"Won't + I form of the verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. Won't you come here tomorrow?

2. Won't you stay here tonight?
3. Won't you join college next year?
4. Won't they pay the bill tomorrow?
205
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I Form
II Form
III Form
401.
narrate
narrated
narrated
402.
neglect
neglected
neglected
403.
nod
nodded
nodded
404.
nominate
nominated
nominated
405.
obey
obeyed
obeyed
406.
oblige
obliged
obliged
407.
obtain
obtained
obtained
408.
occupy
occupied
occupied
409.
occur
occured
occured
410.
offer
offered
offered
411.
omit
omitted
omitted
412.
ooze
oozed
oozed
413.
open
opened
opened
414.
operate
operated
operated
415.
opine
opined
opined
416.
oppose
opposed
opposed
417.
owe
owed
owed
418.
pardon
pardoned
pardoned
419.
participate
participated
participated
420.
pass
passed
passed
D ~A
Meaning
q=iOz KC
x~H= K
`= J#=uOK
xqOK@
q^ `Q LO_@
|^_ O_@
O^@
PHqOK@
OqOK@
WK@
q_z@@
H~@
`~K@
#_OK@
qOK@
=u~HOK@
|}_ =O_@
HqOK, =xOK
#@
Q_@, ^@@

Z
206
Hope and expectation are a fool's income.
: 94406 16425
MAY
XHHi =#= W`~ ` =\_ K#C _ q+` x XH == #O^
XH xx K
J=H= (Possibility) # QiOz zOKKO^=. P x [~Q=
K,
[~QH=K. O^=Q (doubtful) KCKO^=.
J
J
<# ~ = brother ` K< "=K.

P" `~ iQ HH=K.
J
J
"= | =K < D W Mm K =K.

D ~A ~uH H l =~O _=K.

q+`x =i W`~ == #O^## =#= H "~H~ XH xx K J=H=
(Possibility) QiOz zOK@
"May + I form of the Verb" =K#.
H=O XH xx K J=H=# zOK@ (doubtful).
*
Note :
"H=x
U^## "May + I form" =K#.
EXAMPLES
1.
<# ~
office H late Q ~=K.

I may come to office late tomorrow.
2. "= | D \<<
H=K.
settle
We may settle down in this town.
3. = brother Di
O^=K.
teacher post
My brother may get the teacher post

this time.
4. "~ | =# JH_ =u
HeOK=K.
They may provide us accommodation
there.
5. D ~A
G.T. Express late Q ~=K.

The G.T. Express may arrive late
today.
207
6. P" | D
proposal
XCH=K.
She may accept to this proposal.
7. D i | Congress HOÔ
` O U~@ K =K .
The Congress may form the govt. at
centre this time.
8. "~ | D "~ O
JO^H=K.
orders
They may receive the orders this

week.
9. P" `~ iQ HH=K.
She may recover completely soon.
10. "~ | ~ g\OQ "~^

"=K.
They may postpone the meeting
tomorrow.
11. <# | =K Pk"~O K< "=K.

I may go to Chennai next Sunday.
12. "~ | ~ OÒ q["_

K~H=K.
They may reach Vijayawada tomorrow
evening.
13. "~ ~ =# = H\OK=K.

They may declare a holiday for us
tomorrow.
14. | ~ , =~<_ H l
=~O_=K.
It may rain in the coastal districts
tomorrow and day after tomorrow.
15. "~ D x H =~ 4000~ .

demand K=K.
They may demand Rs. 4000 for this
work.
16. N "OH <_ =~ s

_O \
J==K.
Sri Venkaiah Naidu may become party
President again.
17. Degree `~ "` = brother | job
H try K=K.
My brother may try for a job after his
Degree.
18.
= cousin =K _O|~
"=K.
USA
My cousin may leave for the USA next

December.
19. J` _ g D q+ O
K=K.
help
He may help you in this matter.
20. "~ | J` x x
xqOK=K.
clerk
They may appoint him a clerk.
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE

1. <# | Di sH second class
pass H=K.
2. "= | D ~A D x i
K=K.
3. = father D "~ O < money
O=K.
4. P" K< =K "~O heart specialist
x consult H=K.
5. ~ match | ~ ^q_
team x lead K=K.
6. D i _ T.D.P. HOÔ B.J.P. H
=^` W==K.
7. "~ `~ `= x~
O
H \
O K=K.
8. ~ _ w q^~ H
|+iOK=K.
9. | Indian team =K PQ
WOQO_ ~\OK=K.
10. Ex~ _H~ WOHH "~O strike
H#yOK=K.
11. `~

Ò = HO XH
^HO "@=K.
12. XH\ ~O_ < P# L^QxH
~r<= K=K.
13. "~ `~ WO_ uiy ~=K.
14. | "~ P O ` ~ XH
shopping complex xiOK=K.
15. = brother `# vizag tour cancel
KH=K.
Borrowed garments donot fit well.
208
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NEGATIVE FORM
q+` =#= W`~ ` =\_ K#C _ q+` x XH == #O^
XH~ XH xx KH =K#x (doubtful) Q TOKKO^=.
J
J
P" D i O H< =## invite KH=K. J <# ~ P "H=K.

"<[~ h permission W=H=K. J "~ D q+ O =# HiOKH =K.
"H= q+` x XH == #O^ XH~ XH xx K H=K#x

TOz KC@# zOKK#q.

q+` x U W`~ ==#O^# # =#= H "~H~ XH xx K H=K# x doubt
Q KC@# zOK@
''''May + not + I form of the Verb LyOK=#.
"H=x
Subject Singular, Plural U^## ''''May + not + I form of the verb LyOK=#.
*
Note :
EXAMPLES
6. "~ D town settle HH=K.
1. <# ~ HlH ~H=K.

I may not come to college tomorrow.
7, N "OH <_ Di ZxH

\ K=K.
We may not participate in the

programme next week.
Sri Venkaiah Naidu may not contest

in the elections this time.
2. " = next week

#H=K.
3.
They may not settle down in this town.
English lecturer
fH#H=K.
programme
~ =# H
The English lecturer may not take our

class tomorrow.
4. =
cousin D i ` # birthday
celebrate KHH=K.
My cousin may not celebrate her birth
day this time.
8. "<[~ ~ h
=K.
leave grant
KH
The Manager may not grant you a

leave tomorrow.
9. = uncle D proposal XCHH=K.

My uncle may not accept to this
proposal.
5. D train time H q["_ K~H =K.
10. = sister D O=`~O studies continue

KH=K.
This train may not reach Vijayawada

in time.
My sister may not continue her studies

this year.
209
11. ~ =K z< P_H=K.

Sachin may not play in the match
tomorrow.
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE
12. "~ D i tour x~OKH=K.

They may not organize the tour this
time.
13. J` _ g D
HiOKH=K.
q+ O
He may not co-operate with you in this

matter.
14.
~ | q^ [~
HH=K.
N.G.O.s
The N.G.O.s may not attend the duty

tomorrow.
15. "~ D i O _ Q =
H\OKH=K.
They may not declare holidays for the
festival this time.
16. P" D i function =## invite

KH=K.
She may not invite us to the function
this time.
17. "~ ~ g\OQ D q+ O discuss

KH=K.
They may not discuss this matter in
the meeting tomorrow.
18. N H~}xk WH g^@ politics

active Q participate KH=K.
Sri Karunanidhi may not participate
in politics actively hereafter.
19. P" WH P "k #O_ HHH=K.

She may not recover from that
disease.
20. "~ ~ WH_
stay
1. <# D i exam HH=K.

2. "= ~ JH_ work KH=K.
3. = brother
HH=K.
next year college join
4. P" ~ WH_ ~H=K.

5. "~ =## JH _
KHH=K.
receive
6. ~ buses #_=H=K.
7. "~ ~ =# D q+= inform
KH=K.
8. J` _ h D q+ O
KH=K.
help
9. D ~A =~O _H=K.
10. = sister Di sH [~
HH=K.
11. J`_ D job H try KH=K.
12. J`_ =~ =## H=H=K.
13. Ò D O=`~O \K~ s
KH=K.
14. x=i\ D i
x~OKH=K.
entrance test
15. "~ ~ shops open KH=K.
KH=K.
They may not stay here tomorrow.
Familiarity breeds contempt.
Z
210
: 94406 16425
QUESTION FORM
q+` x XH == #O^ XH xx K
@ J#=ux (permission) QiOz
tOKKO^=.
J
J
<# WH WO\H "=K< ?

<# WC_ J`xx H= =K< ?
J
J
"= D H~ K =K< ?
<# ~ g` JH_ ~=K< ?
"H= q+` x XH == #O^ XH~ XH xx K

@ J#=ux
H~@# zOKK#q.
D q^=Q q+` x XH == #O^ XH xx K @ J#=u (permission)

O^@# tOK@
"May + I form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=x
U^##
'May + I form"
LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
6. " = _ ~ g`
~=K< ?
1. <# D H~ join J==K<?

May I join this course ?
2. < # g WO\ ~ O_ ~A
K=K< ?
stay
May I stay two days in your house ?
3. =#= _ ~
#=K<
?
seminar
May we participate in the seminar

tomorrow ?
4. < # W C _ g #O_ =
fH#=K< ?
May I take leave from you now ?
5. "= _ D H
O^=K< ?
membership
May we get membership in this club ?

211
picnic
May we come on picnic with you

tomorrow ?
7. h ~, J_ `H=K< ?
May I know your name and address ?
8. " = D ~A g
KH=K< ?
vehicle use
May we use your vehicle today ?
9. <# D @~ K^= =K< ?

May I read this letter ?
10. =#= ~ "iH =#

K=K< ?
opinion
May we express our opinion to them

tomorrow?
: 94406 16425
11. <# xH ~=K< ?
EXERCISE
May I come in ?
12. =#= D OH
K=K< ?
loan
apply
May we apply for a loan in this bank ?
13. <# J`_ POQ ~=\xH reason

`H=K< ?
May I know the reason for his late
coming ?
14. "= manager Qi` =\_=

K<?
May we speak to the Manager ?
15. <# non-veg food fH=K< ?

May I take non-veg food ?
16. =#= 5
"=K<?
pm
` ~ "` WO\ H
May we go home after 5 p.m. ?
17. <# h O H~=K< ?

May I seek your help ?
18. " = WH _ HOK O

fH=K< ?
rest
May we take rest here for a while ?
19. < # D ~A =
K=K<?
apply
May I apply for leave today ?
20. "= WC_

J==K< ?
Principal
consult
1. <# XH QO@ rest fH=K ?

2. =#= Manager chamber xH
"=K ?
3. < # D document O ` H O
K=K< ?
4. "= D =# qxyOK
H#=K< ?
5. <# D H~ K =K<
?
6. =#= admission q=~ =
`H=K< ?
7. <# loan H apply K=K< ?
8. "= P temple visit K=K< ?
9. < # D album photographs
K_=K< ?
10. =#= _ quiz competition
#=K<
?
11. < # D q+ O interefere
H=K<?
12. "= D compartment }O
K=K< ?
13. <# D item taste K=K< ?
14. =#= JH _H U time < <
"=K< ?
15. <# _ report submit K=K<?
May we consult the Principal now ?
Variety is the spice of life.
Z
212
: 94406 16425
REVISION
=#= D ~A Uq <~<= ?
D~A =#= =# Spoken English Course 'May' QiOz <~<=.
'May' J# ^xx grammar Anomalous Verb - (Future Form) JO\~. nx =#=
1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form J# 3 parts <~<=.
1.
POSITIVE FORM :
q+` x XH xx K
J=H=# QiOz (Possibility) zOK@
"May + I form of the verb " LyOK =#. nxx Doubtful Future JO\~.
Ex :
1. I may go to Hyderabad next week.
2. We may win the match tomorrow.
3. He may get the post this time.
4. They may receive the orders soon.
2.
NEGATIVE FORM :
q+`x XH == #O^ XH~ XHxx KH=K#x (Doubtful)

zOK@ "May not + I form of the verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. He may not help in this matter.
2. She may not continue her studies next year.
3. They may not come here tomorrow.
4. You may not get the opportunity this time.
3.
QUESTION FORM :
q+` XH xx K
@ XH~ WOHHi J#=ux (Permission) O^@
QiOz tOK@# zOK@ "May + I form of the verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. May I read this letter?
2. May we go home now?
3. May I speak to the Manager?
4. May we stay here tonight?
213
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I Form
II Form
III Form
421. peel
peeled
peeled
422. peep
peeped
peeped
423. perform
performed
performed
424. permit
permitted
permitted
425. perturb
perturbed
perturbed
426. pick
picked
picked
427. play
played
played
428. please
pleased
pleased
429. polish
polished
polished
430. possess
possessed
possessed
431. postpone
postponed
postponed
432. pour
poured
poured
433. praise
praised
praised
434. pray
prayed
prayed
435. preach
preached
preached
436. predict
predicted
predicted
437. prefer
prefered
prefered
438. prepare
prepared
prepared
439. prescribe
prescribed
prescribed
440. preside
presided
presided
Meaning
` =K@
ÒyKK@
x~OK@
J#=uOK@
KeO K@
fH#, Z#H#
P_@
W+_, ^K@
"~Q, ##K
HeyO_
"~^"@
@
Q_@
iOK@
L^tOK@
*= KC@
^#` WK@
`~ K@
=O^Q zOK@
J^H` =OK@

Q <~<~ H^! Z@=O\ confusion O_ =~ XHi D 3 parts K^= O_!
g~ own Q Hx "H practise K O_.
Z
214
What does the moon care if the dogs bark at her.
: 94406 16425
CAN
XHHi =#= W`~ ` =\_ K#C _ q+` x XH ==#O^
XH~ XH xx K Q =~ = (ability) # zOKKO^=.
"= D =# =Q i+iOK Q=.

<# ~A k QO@ xKQ#.
"~ Di "~O =Oz profits O^Q ~.
= brother English Q =\_Q_.
J
J
J
J
"H=x #x
q+` x XH ==#O^ XH~ XH xx
K Q =~ = (ability) # zOKK#q.

q+` x U W`~ ==#O^# # =#= H "~H~ XH xx K Q =~ =#
(ability) zOK@
''''Can + I form of the Verb LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=x
U^## 'Can LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1.
<# WOw+ fluent Q =\_Q#.

I can speak English fluently.
6. N =<<OQ Hj~ =#
i+iOKQ~.
2. " = Jx subjects ~ O_ <

prepare HQ=.
Sri Manmohan Singh can solve the

Kashmir problem.
We can prepare all the subjects within

two months.
7. <# D
xO\H answer K Q#.
3. <# h =# J~OKHQ#.
I can understand your problem.
4.
Oral practice ^~ g~ English

improve KHQ~.
You can improve English through oral
practice.
5. z< >O_~ OKO U ~

<< Z^~#Q_.
Sachin Tendulkar can face any bowler
in the world.
215
I can answer all these questions.
8. "= D q+O J`xx convince

KQ=.
We can convince him in this matter.
9. P" U q+ O<
<
argue K Q^.
She can argue on any matter.
10. "~ D work <Q ~A

iK Q~.
They can complete this work in four
days.
11. = q^~ D i 90% =~

score KQ~.
Our students can score 90% of marks
this time.
12. =
mother U item S< K Q

prepare KQ^.
My mother can prepare any item very
well.
13. J`_ ~AH ~. 200 OkOKQ _.

He can earn Rs. 200 per day.
14. "= ~AH 20 H`

^
<~ HQ=.
We can learn twenty new words every
day.
15. "~ business ~. 5,00,000 =~

invest KQ~.
They can invest upto Rs. 5,00,000 in
the business.
16. <# .l q^~ _

teach KQ#.
English
I can teach English even to the P.G.

students.
17. =<^~ O` =#O U^< kOKQ O.

We can achieve anything with our will
power.
18.
Hard work ` <# < Hx K~Q#.

I can reach my goal through hard work.
19. <# U i` <<

^~ OQ Z^~
Q#.
I can face any circumstances
courageously.
20. P~ < "~ D building xiOK

Q~.
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE

1. < # xqxH 60 ^ type
KQ#.
2. "= WH_ h help KQ=.
3. h= D sH easy Q HQ=.
4. J`_ <Q + ^~OQ
=\_Q_.
5. =#= train u~uH S^QO@
K~HQ=.
6. <# h D amount <Q ~A
uiy KeOKQ#.
7. S.P. U +<< @ _Q _.
8. < # "iH D q+ O explain
KQ#.
9. "= h D ~A ~. 10,000 adjust
KQ=.
10. <Q < g~ i English
<~H#Q~.
11. P\ " . H$ express JO^HQ=.
12. ~O_ ~A "= D cards Jh
distribute KQ=.
13. "~ D season =Oz profits
O^Q~.
14. <# 24 QO@ xKQ#.
15. D tournments =# Indian team
easy Q cup Q=Q^.
They can build this building in six

months
Character is destiny.
Z
216
: 94406 16425
NEGATIVE FORM
q+` =#= W`~ ` =\_ K#C _ q+` x XH == #O^
XHiH XH x K Q =~ = (ability) H=@ QiOz zOKKO^=.
J
J
<# ~ g` village H ~#.

P# =# O K_.
J
J
"= WH D old house x=tOK= .

P s Di `x U~@ K ^ .
"H= q+` x XH ==#O^ XH~ XH xx K H =@ QiOz

KCK#q.

q+` x U W`~ ==#O^# # =#= H "~H~ XHx x K =~ = (lack
of ability) H=@ QiOz zOK@
"Cannot + I form of the Verb" LyOK =#.
*
Note :
"H=x
Subject Singular, Plural U^##
"Cannot + I form of the verb" LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1. <# English fluent Q =\_#.
I cannot speak English fluently.
2. "= D problem face K=.

We cannot face this problem.
3. =#= J`x` "kOK=.

We cannot argue with him.
4. J`_ D sH easy Q H_ .
He cannot pass this examination
easily.
5. P" | }OK^.
She cannot travel by bus.
6. <# D q+O h O
K#.
I cannot help you in this matter.
217
7. "~ WO` #+O iOK~ .

They cannot bear this much loss.
8. =#O P~O O_ rqOK=.

We cannot live without food.
9. h= English medium lessons follow

H=.
You cannot follow the lessons in
English medium.
10. g~ ## "yOK~.
You cannot deceive me.
11. <# ~AH 10 QOIIHO> Z= work

K#.
I cannot work more than ten hours in
a day.
12. =#= D \ J` x
H#Q#=.
address
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE
We cannot find his address in this city.
13. HzOQ O_ h= D
O^=.
test
rank
You cannot get rank in this test without

coaching.
14. <# J J==#O iOK#

.
I cannot bear insult at all.
15. =#= J` x x D q+ O
XOK=.
We cannot convince him in this matter.
16. P# _w q^~
teach K_.
Mathematics
He cannot teach Mathematics to the

Degree students.
17. "~ D x ~ O_ ~A i
K~.
They cannot complete this work in two
days.
18. <# D ~A duty H attend H#.

I cannot attend the duty today.
19. D question <# answer K#.

I cannot answer this question.
20. è^
O _
Ò O_ rqÒ
H ~~.
Children cannot come up in life without
thier parents' encouragement.
1. <# D i sH 90% HO> Z=

=~ score K#.
2. "= D z# function H U~@
K=.
3. g~ = help O_ D work
complete K~.
4. = grandfather JO`^~O #_=~.
5. ~ ^ q_ fast Q runs score
K_.
6. q.q.. H} eOQ K_.
7. = Maths lecturer doubts clarify
K_.
8. < # ~ J` x H amount adjust
K#.
9. Hardwork O_ =#= life
success H=.
10. P" XO@iQ P WO\ LO_^.
11. "~ Di business profits
O^~.
12. \._.. support O_ a.*.. ~RO
@ Q=^.
13. D z# WO\ =#= x=tOK=.
14. Highway g^ J`_ car drive K _ .
15. <# h =@ #=#.
A little learning is a dangerous thing.
218
: 94406 16425
QUESTION FORM
XHHi =#= W`~ ` =\_ K#C _ q+` x XH == #O^
XH~ XH xx K Q =~ =# (ability) tOKKO^=.
J
J
g~ D problem # ^~ OQ face K Q~?

J`_ U vehicle J~< drive KQ_?
J
J
h= ~AH k QO@ xK Q"?

P" U q+=<< argue K Q^?
"H= q+` x XH == #O^ XH~ XH xx K Q =~ =

# tOK@# zOKK#q.

q+` x =i W`~ == #O^# # =#= H "~H~ XH xx K Q =~ =
(ability) # tOK@
"Can+ I form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note :
"H=x
U^##
"Can + I form"
LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1. D competition < #
Q=Q< ?
prize
Can I win a prize in this competition ?
2. =#= D < target reach J=Q=?

Can we reach the target this month ?
3. g~ = English
KQ" ?
Grammar teach
Can you teach us English Grammar ?
4. g
brother D attempt Group-I

Officer J=Q_ ?
Can your brother become a Group-I
Offier in this attempt ?
5. g sister
KQ^?
pictures
Can your lecturers complete your

syllabus this month ?
7. N KO^

| =~

`x U~@
KQ~ ?
8.
9.
paint
Can your sister paint the pictures well?

219
6. g lecturers D < g syllabus i

KQ~ ?
10.
Can Sri Chandra Babu form the

government again ?
g~ D ~<
succeed J=Q~ ?
Can you succeed atleast this time ?
2007 =# Indian players =#
World Cup f~Q~ ?
Can the Indian players bring the World
Cup in 2007 ?
h= D box # H lift KQ" ?
Can you lift this box ?
,
'Wh' QUESTIONS
11. h= Zx languages =\_Q= ?

12.
Howmany languages can you speak?

h= D i English Zx marks
score KQ= ?
Howmany marks can you score in
English this time ?
13. < =# Z=~ J~O KHQ~?

14.
Who can understand my problem ?

D ^ city =#= J`xx ZH_
"^H Q= ?
15.
Where can we search for him in this

big city ?
g brother < ZO` money
OkOKQ _ ?
16.
Howmuch money can your brother

earn in a month ?
h= xqxH Zx words type
KQ= ?
Howmany words can you type in a
minute ?
17. =#= ZxH e` =O^Q Z

guess KQ= ?
How can we guess the election results
earlier ?
18. D q+ O =#O W C _ UO
KQ= ?
19.
What can we do in this matter now ?

P O# WH #Oz Z=~ maintain
KQ~?
Who can maintain that firm hereafter?
20. =#= WC_ D

=
Ô #O_ Z
ÒKHQ= ?
How can we escape from this danger
now ?
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE

1. h= < D doubt clarify KQ"?
2. =#O < ~A Jx subjects
prepare J=Q= ?
3. g brother D i EAMCET rank
O^Q_ ?
4. g younger brother business
KHQ_ ?
5. <
h= =^#O KQ " ?
6. h= D letter = brother JO^*
Q" ?
7. g sister English fluent Q
=\_Q^?
8. P" XH` JO^~ guests # treat
KQ^ ?
9. g~ WO` #+O iOKQ ~ ?
10. J` _ D q+ O =# help
KQ_ ?
11. P# U subject Q teach K
Q~?
12. =#= D H O ZH_ O^Q =?
13. D = #O_ x# Z=~ H_
Q~?
14. D structure h= Zx sentences
frame KQ= ?
15. g brothers co-operation O_ h=
D O# Z maintain KQ= ?
Where love is, there God is.
220
: 94406 16425

XHHi =#= W`~ ` =\_ K#C _ q+` x XH == #O^
XH~ KH= XH xx QiOz negative sense tOKKO^=.
h= D questions answer K"?

J`_ maths teach K_?
J
J
J
J
g~ D test pass H~ ?
"~ =# =u HeOK~?
"H= q+` XH~ K x XH xx QiOz

t
OK@# zOK
K#q.
D q^=Q q+` x XH ==#O^ J#Q ~ , =K "~O, =K <, =K O=`~O

H q+` x =i W`~ ==#O^# # =#= H "~H~ K H = (XH xx
K Q =~ = H =@) XH xx QiOz t OK@
"Cann't + I form of the Verb " LyOK =#.
*
Note :
"H=x
U^## "Cann't " LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1. h= English fluent Q =\_"?
Cann't you speak English fluently?
2. g~ < D~A
K~?
money adjust
car drive
K " ?
Cann't you drive this car?
4. J` _ =# D q+ O
K_?
7. h= J`x` \_"?
help
5. P" WH _ XO@iQ LO_ ^ ?

Cann't she stay here alone?
8. g~ D~A D work finish K~?

Cann't you finish this work today?
9. h= spectacles O_ K_"?
Cann't he help us in this matter?
221
Cann't they solve this problem?
Cann't you compete with him?
Cann't you adjust me money today?
3. h= D
6. "~ D problem solve K~?
Cann't you see without spectacles?
10. P" WH D "k #O_ HH^?

Cann't she recover from this disease?
11. "~ ~ match Q=~?

Cann't they win the match?
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE
'Wh' QUESTIONS
12. <<O^ job O^#?
Why cann't I get a job?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
13. =#"O^ match Q==?

Why cann't we win the match?
14. h= rank ZO^ O^=?

Why cann't you secure a rank?
15. J`_O^ #_=_?

Why cann't he walk?
16. P" ZO^ =\_^?

Why cann't she speak?
17. "~O^

Ò U~@K ~ ?
Why cann't they form the government?
18. h= J`xx ZO^ XOK=?

Why cann't you convince him?
19. h"O^ i~O H#Q#=?

Why cann't you find the solution?
20. =#"O^ H JkHqOK=

?
Why cann't we overcome difficulties?
21. h= D sH ZO^ pass H=?

Why cann't you pass this test?
22. <#
lessons ZO^ follow H#

Why cann't I follow the lessons ?
23. =#"O^ success H= ?

Why cann't we succeed ?
24. h"O^ ^#=O`_q H= ?

Why cann't you become a richman ?
25. g~O^ "ix ZkiOK~ ?

Why cann't you oppose them ?
26. "~O^ D problem solve K~?
h= D work D ~A i K"?
g~ D problem face K~?
J`_ Di prize Q=_?
P" bus }O K^?
"~ WO` rent bear K~?
=#= D subject < ~A prepare
H=?
7. g~ D case Q=~?
8. P# Di `# u
K_
?
9. Ganguly =~ team # =
O^_?
10. India =K World Cup ZO^ Q =^ ?
11. g~ J`x` ZO^ argue K~?
12. P" ZO^ "ix XOK^?
13. J`_ money ZO^ OkOK_
?
14. "~ syllabus in time ZO^ i
K~?
15. h"O^ early morning x^==?
16. <# D test ZO^ pass H# ?
17. =#= H O ZO^ kOK=
?
18. g~O^ loan clear K~ ?
19. J`_ ZO^ HH_ ?
20. "~O^ OÔ Q=~ ?
Why cann't they solve this problem ?
Z
Set your sail according to the wind.
222
: 94406 16425
REVISION
=#= D ~A Uq <~<= ?
D~A =#= =# Spoken English Course 'Can' QiOz <~<=.
'Can' J# ^xx grammar Anomalous Verb - (Future Form) JO\~. nx =#=
1.
POSITIVE FORM :
q+` XH == #O^ XH~ XH xx K Q =~ =# (capacity)

zOK@ "Can + I form of the verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
2.
1. I can speak English fluently.
2. We can solve this problem easily.
3. He can do any work.
4. They can win the match today.
NEGATIVE FORM :
q+` XH == #O^ XH~ XH xx K H =@# (=~ =

H=@) zOK@ "Cann't + I form of the verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
3.
1. I cann't understand Hindi.
2. We cann't face this problem.
3. He cann't get rank this time.
4. They cann't do anything.
QUESTION FORM :
q+` XH == #O^ XH~ XH xx K Q =~ =# (capacity)

QiOz tOK@# zOK@ "Can + I form of the verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. Can he lead the team towards success?

2. Can you guess the result?
3. Can we achieve our target?
4. Can they clear the loan this month?
4.
q+` XH == #O^ XH~ K x XH xx QiOz (=~ =#

H=@ QiOz) negative sense zOK@ "Cann't + I form of the verb "
LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. Cann't you complete the course this month?

2. Cann't you provide us some work?
3. Cann't he clear this loan ?
4. Cann't they make arrangements?
223
: 94406 16425

I Form
II Form
III Form
441.
press
pressed
pressed
442.
presume
presumed
presumed
443.
pretend
pretended
pretended
444.
prevent
prevented
prevented
445.
print
printed
printed
446.
prove
proved
proved
447.
proceed
proceeded
proceeded
448.
proclaim
proclaimed
proclaimed
449.
produce
produced
produced
450.
prohibit
prohibitted
prohibitted
451.
prolong
prolonged
prolonged
452.
promote
promoted
promoted
453.
pronounce
pronounced
pronounced
454.
propagate
propagated
propagated
455.
propose
proposed
proposed
456.
prorogue
prorogued
prorogued
457.
protect
protected
protected
458.
provide
provided
provided
459.
provoke
provoked
provoked
460.
publish
published
published
D ~A
Meaning
J}K@, J^=@
TOK@
#\OK@
J_H#@
JK"@
|A= KH#@
=O^=@
H\OK@
LùK@
x+kOK@
_yOK@
L#`^qx WK
LK iOK@
K~O K@
u
kOK@
`èH=Q "~^ "@
H_@, ~HO K@
WK, HeOK
H= \OK@
KiOK@

Z
224
Debt is the worst poverty.
: 94406 16425
SHOULD
XHHi =#= W`~ ` =\_ K#C _ q+` x XH ==#O^
=#= H "~H~ XH xx K =# qk (duty) H ^`# (responsibility)
QiOz zOKKO^=.
<# ~ election duty H attend J"e.

=#= life XH aim HeyO_e.
J
J
J
J
"= D< WO\# KeOKe.

\K~ Hx principles \OKe.
"H= q+` x XH ==#O^ =#= H "~H~ XH xx

K =# qk (duty) H ^`# (responsibility) QiOz zOKK#q.

q+` x =i W`~ ==#O^# # =#= H "~H~ XH xx K =# qk
(duty) H ^` (responsibility) QiOz zOK@
''''Should + I form of the Verb LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=x
U^## 'should LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1.
<# u~A 10 a.m. H duty H attend

J"e.
I should attend the duty at 10 a.m.
everyday.
2. "= u"~O HH~H

Ke.
report submit
We should submit the report to the

collector everyweek.
3. g~
application form ` certificates

enclose Ke.
You should enclose the certificates
with the application form.
4. "~ `xH
Ke.
accounts
Businessmen should show the

accounts to the government.
225
5. L^Q ~AH 8 QO@ xK

e.
Employees should work eight hours
in a day.
6. _ = ~ JO^~ licence HeyLO_e.

All the drivers should possess the
licence.
7. q^~ =Oz H =
tH}
\OKe.
Students should maintain good
discipline.
8. =#O x*~f Q < #

Z#H"e.
We should elect honest leaders.
9. =#= @ }
\OKe.
traffic rules
We should follow the traffic rules in

the towns.
10. =#= èÔ_# Q~qOKe.

We should respect our parents.
11. =#= =# Ô HO xKe.

We should work for our country.
12. g~ g ` HiOKe.
You should co-operate with your
friends.
13.
parents
Oîh =#OQ
treat
Ke.
Parents should treat all the children
equally.
14. < [
Ke.
sincere
Q =
Leaders should serve the people

sincerely.
15. ` orders # =#O obey Ke.

We should obey to the government
orders.
16. =#= =Oz J"@ J=~H"e.

We should cultivate good habits.
17.
temple x|O \OKe.

Devotees should maintain silence in
the temple.
18. WO_
O^
^
îOKe.
Women should wear traditional dress
in India.
19. =#O c^"iH O Ke.

We should help the poor.
20. x~ `= Ex~x
Ke.
encourage
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE

1. <# D O=`~O hardwork Ke.
2. =#= =z #
qxyOKH"e.
J=H = #
3. g~ HH " @ principal permission

fH"e.
4. J`_ `# `=x KkqOKe.
5. P" health care fH"e.
6. "~ D <Y~ tax KeOKe.
7. g~ Z\H
C _ = q+ O inform
Ke.
8. =#O =# culture x Q~qOKe.
9. =#= =#
^ # \OKe.
10. _H~ `= =$uH i <O K
e.
11. =#= Q=
O`x ^ H~ ~#
Ke.
12. g~ P`qO develop KH"e.
13. ^#=O` c^"iH O K e.
14. =Oz moral stories K^"e.
15. q^~ "i
KH"e.
The seniors should encourage their

juniors.
Art is long, Life is short.
knowledge
improve
Z
226
: 94406 16425
NEGATIVE FORM
XHHi =#= W`~ ` =\_ K# _ XH~ K _x # QiOz
zOKKO^=.
=#= time waste K_^.

=#= xx postpone K_^.
J
J
J
J
= W`~ depend H_^.

parents
# disappoint K _^ .
"H= XH~ K_x # QiOz zOKK#q.

q+` x U W`~ ==#O^# # =#= H "~H~ K _x ## zOK@
"Should + not + I form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note :
"H=x Subject
Singular, Plural U^##
"Should + not + I form of the verb" LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1. =#= =# work neglect K _^ .
We should not neglect our work.
2. W`~ xH ~_^.
6. q^~ classes miss H_^.

Students should not miss the classes.
7. K_ J"@ J=~K H _^ .
Others should not come inside.
3. =#= W` ~ q+ O *H O
KH_^.
Children should not cultivate bad

habits.
8. =#O L^Q OKO W=_^.
We should not interefere in others'

matter.
We should not offer bribe to

employees.
4. =#= =# `# "yOK
_^.
9. =#= =# `\"ix J==xOK

_^.
We should not deceive our friends.
5. =#= W`~
_^.
227
We should not insult our fellowmen.
10. =#= W`~ W|Ok HQ*

_^.
We should not disturb other's work.
We should not cause trouble to others.
work disturb
11. =#= =# Q iOz Q Q

KCH_^.
We should not boast of ourselves.
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE
12. g~ W`~ P^~_

_^ .
You should not depend on others.
13. q^~ ~[H

#_^ .
Students should not participate in
politics.
14. =# O$ux =~=_^.

Women should not forget our culture.
15. =#= JkH~=O^ =# ik

^@_^.
We should not cross our limit before
the officers.
16. q^~ s H
_ _^ .
copy
Students shluld not indulge to

copying in the examinations.
17.
q^~ =^ U H Ò
K_^.
Teachers
Teachers shluld not show partiality

among the pupils.
18. =#= ` rules JuHq

OK _^ .
We should not voilate government
rules.
19. x~ Ex~# x~`~K

_^.
Seniors should not discourage
juniors.
20. =#= O^#H~ =#^x

q_z " _^ .
1. <# < _\H late Q "_^.

2. =#= W`~ x~# q=iOK
_^.
3. =#= self - confidence H_^.
4. g~ work delay K_^.
5. Permission O_ g~ church xH
"tOK_^.
6. =#= qugi =iOK_^.
7.
} =O~= u#_^ .
8. =#= =# ^=# ^+OK_^.
9. =#= W` ~ q=~
_ _^ .
10. Employees
[ #Oz OKO fH#
_^.
11. Businessmen i# licence O_
"~O K _^ .
12. Two-wheeler =Q~ = ride
K_^.
13. =#= P~Q = x~ H = K
_^.
14. licence O_ drivers vehicles drive
K_^.
15. q^~ q"# =x =$^
K_^.
We should not leave our country for

earning.
Nothing succeeds like success.
Z
228
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QUESTION FORM
q+` XH ==#O^ XH~ XH xx K =# ^` (Responsibility)
H~== (duty) QiOz tOKKO^=.
J
J
J
J
g~ P daily ten hours work K?

h= abroad K^" O> TOEFL qualify J"?
=#= exam hall J_y#_ hall ticket K?
"~ D test appear H" ?
"H= q+` XH == #O^ XH~ XH xx K =# ^`

(Responsibility) H~== (duty) QiOz tOK@# zOKK#q.

q+` x =i W`~ == #O^# # =#= H "~H~ XH xx K =# ^`,
H~==# tOK@
"Should+ I form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=x
U^##
'Should+ I form'
LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1. <# =O^Q
H"?
Principal
consult
Should I consult the Principal first?
2. =#= u "~ O
K?
report submit
Should we submit the report every

week?
3. g~ D < penalty KeOK?

Should you pay penalty this month?
6. g~ D application ~ O=<?
Should you send this application form
tomorrow?
7. =#= text books refer K=<?

Should we refer to the text books?
8. "~ D < 10 nomination file

K?
Should they file the nomination before
10th of this month?
4. =#= =O^Q manager permission

fH#=<?
9. XH business K
@ =#= licence
HeyLO_?
Should we take the Manager's

permission first?
Should we possess the licence to do

some business?
5. <# D document sign K?

Should I sign to this document ?
229
10. ~ JH_ g` <# _ ~"?

Should I too come there with you
tomorrow?
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE
'Wh' QUESTIONS
1. =#= WC_ WH_ Uq Ke?
What should we do here now?
2. g~ D report ZH_ submit Ke?

Where should you submit this report?
3. <# h ZO^ help Ke?

Why should I help you?
4. =#= =O^Q "iH ZO` deposit

pay Ke?
Howmuch amount should we pay
them as deposit first ?
5. D #+O "= ZO^ iOKe?

Why should we bear this loss?
6. =#= application ` Zx
[`~Ke?
copy
Howmany copies should we enclose

with the application form?
7. h= J#= ~ O Q J` x q+ O
ZO^ *HO KH"e?
Why should you interefere in his
matter unnecessarily?
8. g~ office ~A Zx QO@
xKe?
Howmany hours should you work in
the office in a day?
9. =#O ~ JH_ Z=ix consult J"e?

Whom should we consult there
tomorrow?
10. =#= licence HO ZH_

Ke?
apply
Where should we apply for the

licence?
1. h= ~ election duty H attend J"?

2. =#= =K " ~ O exam fee pay
K?
3. g~ u ~A accounts maintain
K?
4. =#= guests =u HeOK?
5. g~ next Sunday =~ WH_ stay
K?
6. h= D~A D work finish K?
7. =#= u lesson H notes prepare
KH"?
8. " = u important point note
KH"?
9. =#= bank chalan fH"?
10. g~ interview H original certificates
fHx"?
11. =#O next month JH_ Zx~A
work Ke?
12. =#O WOH Zx ~A training
Oê?
13. =#O ralley x~ OK @ Z=i
J#=ufH"e?
14. g~ training camp Z C _
K~H"e?
15. < # D medicine ~AH Zx~
fH"e?
Cowards die many times but a vallant dies only once.
230
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XHHi =#= W`~ ` =\_ K#C _ q+` x XH == #O^
=#= K_x XH xx QiOz negative sense tOKKO^=.
<# D test H appear H_^?

J`# WH_ stay K_^?
J
J
J
J
g~ J#=u O_ = fH_^?
"~ K~ #_^?
"H= q+` XH~ K _x XH xx QiOz

t
OK@# zOK
K#q.
D q^=Q q+` x XH ==#O^ =#= H "~H~ K _x XH xx

"Shouldn't + I form of the Verb " LyOK =#.
*
Note :
"H=x
U^## "Shouldn't " LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1. <# xH ~_^?
Shouldn't I come in?
7. XH H = < x
KH_^?
Shouldn't a nun get married?
2. "= D programme #_^?

Shouldn't we participate in this
programme?
3. =#= D q+ O | ~ ` =
K_^?
Shouldn't we reveal this matter?
4. =#= =O~= fH_^?

Shouldn't we take non-veg food?
5. XH < HiH HeyO__^?

Shouldn't a saint possess desires?
6. <# q=~ `H_^?

Shouldn't I know the details?
231
q" O
8.
Office hours
=#= | @
u~Q_^?
Shouldn't we move out during office
hours?
9. g~ J#=u O_ | @
"_^ ?
Shouldn't you go out without
permission?
10. =#= P q+ O *H =
KH_^?
Shouldn't we interefere in that matter?
EXERCISE
'Wh' QUESTIONS
11. <# D meeting H ZO^

H_^?
attend
Why shouldn't I attend this meeting?
12. =#= D
H_^?
course
ZO^
join
Why shouldn't we join this course?
13. P # ZxH ZO^ H \

K_^?
Why shouldn't he contest in the
elections?
14. P" WH_ ZO^ ~_^?

Why shouldn't she come here?
15. "~ ZO^

K_^?
money
demand
Why shouldn't they demand money?
16. P x h" O ^ K _ ^ ?
Why shouldn't you do that work?
17. =#= ZO^
claim K_^?
Why shouldn't we claim it?
18. =#= XH i HH ~ O
HiOKH_^?
ZO^
Why shouldn't we co-operate with one

another?
19. XH widow =~ ZO^

KH_^?
marriage
Why shouldn't a widow get married

again?
20. =#= J< x

ZkiOK_^?
: 94406 16425
ZO^
Why shouldn't we oppose injustice?

1. =#= Principal chamber xH enter
H_^?
2. g~ guides follow J=_^?
3. =#= D q+O own decision
fH_^?
4. =#= J#=u O_ |@
"_^?
5. <# WC_ D course K_^?
6. =#= licence O_ business start
K_^?
7. g~ q^~ #Oz donations collect
K_^?
8. =#= govt. rules # Ju H q OK
_^?
9. "~ administration q+O *HO
KH_^?
10. h= seminar ZO^ #_^ ?
11. =#= =# opinion ZO^ express
K_^?
12. <# = ZO^ fH_^?
13. =#= D test H ZO^ appear
H_^?
14. g~ High Court ZO^ appeal
KH_^?
15. =#= D tickect express train
ZO^ }= K_^?
Courage is always a means of success.
232
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REVISION
=#= D ~A Uq <~<= ?
D~A =#= =# Spoken English Course 'Should' QiOz <~<=.
'Should' J# ^xx grammar Anomalous Verb - (Future Form) JO\~. nx =#=
1.
POSITIVE FORM :
q+` x XH ==#O^ XH~ qkQ, ^`QK

XH xx QiOz
zOK@ "Should + I form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. We should maintain discipline.
2. You should possess the licence.
3. He should seek their permission. 4. They should pay the bill regularly.
2.
NEGATIVE FORM :
q+` x XH ==#O^ XH~ K _x XH xx QiOz zOK@

"Should not + I form of the verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
3.
1. We should not blame others.
2. You should not neglect the work.
3. He should not do like that.
4. They should not cause trouble.
QUESTION FORM :
q+` x XH ==#O^ qkQ, ^`Q K =# XH xx QiOz

tOK@# zOK@ "Should + I form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. Should we attend the special duty tomorrow?

2. Should you consult the Manager today?
3. Should he come here?
4. Should they pay penalty?
4.
q+` K_x XH xx QiOz negative sense tOK@#

zOK@ "Shouldn't + I form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. Shouldn't we know the matter?

2. Shouldn't we interefere in this matter?
3. Shouldn't he appear for this test?
4. Shouldn't they participate in this seminar?
233
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I Form
II Form
III Form
461.
pull
pulled
pulled
462.
pulverize
pulverized
pulverized
463.
purchase
purchased
purchased
464.
purify
purified
purified
465.
push
pushed
pushed
466.
qualify
qualified
qualified
467.
quench
quenched
quenched
468.
quote
quoted
quoted
469.
raise
raised
raised
470.
rape
raped
raped
471.
reach
reached
reached
472.
realize
realized
realized
473.
reap
reaped
reaped
474.
receive
received
received
475.
recite
recited
recited
476.
recognize
recognized
recognized
477.
recommend
recommended
recommended
478.
record
recorded
recorded
479.
recover
recovered
recovered
480.
rectify
rectified
rectified
D ~A
Meaning
Q@
_ K @
H#@
^= K@
`@, <@@
J~` O^@
^H f~@
LîOK@
H`@
j= K~K@
K~H#@
`H#@
O@H@
JO^H#@
XCH#@
QiOK@
~ K

@
"@@
uiy O^@
ik^@

Z
234
Better lose a jester than a friend.
: 94406 16425
MUST
XHHi =#= W`~ ` =\_ K#C _ q+` x XH ==#O^
XH~ `xiQ (compulsory) K f~=# xx QiOz zOKKO^=.
~ <# J`xx YzÒQ He f~e. J g~ YzÒQ =O^Q "<[~ J#=u fH"e.

J`_ D i exam pass J~ f~e. J"~ `xiQ licence HeyO_e.
J
J
"H= q+` x XH ==#O^ XH~ ` xiQ (compulsory) K

f~=# xx QiOz zOK K#q.

q+`x U W`~ ==#O^## =#= H "~H~ YzÒQ, `xiQ
(compulsory) K f~=# XHxx QiOz zOK@
''''Must+ I form of the Verb LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=x
U^## 'Must LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
235
<# D ~A D
f~e.
work complete
I must complete this work today.

" = MCA admission O^ @
entrance test appear J~f~e.
We must appear for the entrance test
to get admission to MCA.
g~ WO@~ =O originals
submit Kf~e.
You must submit the originals at the
time of interview.
MBA course J`_ donation pay K
f~e.
He must pay donation for MBA course.

P" "O@< _H~ #
consult J~f~e.
She must consult the doctor
immediately.
6. "~ customers # satisfy Kf~e.

They must satisfy the customers.
7. <# D "~O YzÒQ = T~

"of~e.
I must go to my village this week.
8. =#= D J=H=# qxyOK

xf~e.
9.
We must avail ourselves of this

opportunity.
g~ u important point note KHx
f~e.
You must note every important point.
10.
Indian team finals K~@ D ~A

match Qezf~e.
The Indian team must win the match
today to reach the finals.
11.
Court orders
H ~ O "~ P W
MmKf~e.
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE
They must vacate the house according

to the court orders.
12. "= D ~A WH_ |îf~e.

We must start here today.
13. P" WOHH "~O ~A

LO_f~e.
hospital
She must stay in the hospital one more

week.
14. "~ `x iQ ~ H~ [~
J~f~e.
They must attend the court tomorrow.
15. q^~
u
q+ O `Hx f~e.
Students must know everything.
16. D < "~ loan clear Kf~e.

They must clear the loan this month.
17. ` e ^ O _ # ` x i Q
educate Kf~e.
Parents must educate their children.
18. h= h honesty x prove K Hxf~e.

You must prove your honesty.
19. XH =Oz teacher Jx L`= H}

HeyO_e.
A good teacher must possess all good
qualities.
20.
u
O^= Q=
n` Kkqf~e.
Every Hindu must read the Bhagavad
Gita.
1. <# `x iQ Hindi <~Hxf~e.

2. "= YzÒQ D course complete
Kf~e.
3. h= `x iQ penalty KeOzf~e.
4. =#O `x iQ Principal permission
fHxf~e.
5. =#O Z Q < O ` O
QO@~ K~H"e.
6. P# D ~A `x iQ WH_
=zf~e.
7. P" ZQ< D "k #Oz HH"e.
8. =#= next Monday amount
deposit Kf~e.
9. g~ D ` O ` x i Q
succeed J"e.
10. h= ZQ< "ix D q+O
convince Ke.
11. =#O Hx Ô` H@|_ LO_e.
12. D game =#O "ix F_Oz f~e.
13. =#O ZQ< sH =O^ D
book publish Kf~e.
14. u = O ` x i Q =H
OîOKe.
15. =#= ZQ< D i best rank
kOKe.
Z
Bad workmen quarrel with their tools.
236
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NEGATIVE FORM
q+` x XH ==#O^ XH~ Z\ i` # K _x XH xx
QiOz zOKKO^=.
J
J
J
J
<# Z\ i`# ~ = fH_^.

=#= Z\ i`# D J=HO =^H_^.
J`_ Z\ i`# D sH fail J=_^.
"~ Z\ i`# D match F__^ .
"H= q+` XH~ Z\ i`# K_x # QiOz

zOKK#q.

q+` x U W`~ ==#O^# # =#= H "~H~ Z\ i` # K _x
## zOK@
"Must + not + I form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
Note : "H=x
Subject Singular, Plural U^#
# "Must + not + I form of the verb" L yOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1. <# Z\ i` D sH
J=_^.
fail
I must not fail in this examination.
2. =#= Z\ i ` # D
J=H= Q@H_^.
We must not lose this opportunity.
3. g~ ~ U i`# class miss

H_^.
You must not miss the class tomorrow.
4. J`_ Z\ i`# D q+O

`H_^.
He must not know this matter.
5. P" U i`# D
JOwHiOK_^.
proposal
She must not accept to this proposal.

237
6. h= Z@=O\ i`#
waste K_^.
time
You must not waste time.
7. =#O Z\ i ` # #O
H_^.
We must not lose patience.
8. =#O Z\ i ` # =#
Ô`=# KOH_^.
We must not kill our principles.
9. g~ Z\ i`# D q+O
|~Ò K_^.
You must not reveal this matter.
10. =#O Z@=O\ i ` #

x~`_ _^ .
We must not lose heart.
11. =#O U i`#

J|Ô K_^.
parents
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE
We must not tell lies to our parents.
12. < U i` # JkH~O

îxQO K_^.
1. <# U i`# D O=`~O

studies neglect K_^.
Leaders must not misuse their power.
13. Z\ i` # ~ Australia =#
Q=_^.
Australia must not win the match
against India tomorrow.
14. Z@=O\ i`# =#O _|

JC K_^.
We must not borrow money.
15. \K~ Z\ i`# sH

copying J#=uOK_^.
Teachers must not allow copying in the
examinations.
16. Z@=O\ i`# =#O ~

programme postpone K_^.
2. =#= U i ` # F@qx
JOwHiOK_^.
3. h= U i ` # enemies #
`=Q estimate K_^.
4. J`_ ~ U i`# WH_H
~_^.
5. P" Z\ i`# P
attend J=_^.
function
6. "~ Z\ i` # D place q_z

"_^.
the
7. <# U i`# "iHO> "#H

__^.
17. =#= Z\ i ` # ~r
__^.
8. =#= Z@=O\ i` # ^~ O
H_^.
We
must
not
postpone
programme tomorrow.
We must not compromise to the

circumstances.
18. J`_ Z\ i`# D ZxH

Q=_^.
He must not win this election.
19. =#= D i Z\ i` # "i

O H~_^.
9. J~ U i`# ZxH
x|O^# JuHq OK _^ .
10. =#= Z\ i`# D i
"_^.
We must not seek their help this time
A rolling stone gathers no moss.
Z
238
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QUESTION FORM
q+` XH ==#O^ XH~ ` xiQ Kf
~=# XH xx QiOz
tOKKO^=.
J
J
J
J
h= ` xiQ WC_ "i WO\ LO_ f~?

P" `xiQ D ~A T~ "o f~?
P# `xiQ D medicine fHx f~?
"~ `x iQ B.Ed. Kf~ ?
D "H= q+` XH == #O^ XH~ ` xiQ Kf

~=# XH
xx tOK@ QiOz zOKK#q.

q+` x =i W`~ == #O^# # =#= H "~H~ ` x iQ K f~=#
XH xx tOK@
"Must + I form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=x
U^## 'Must + I form" LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1. <# ~ h` JH_ =zf~?
Must I come there with you tomorrow?
2. =#= MCA admission

test appear J~f~?
seminar
doctor
consult
Must he consult the doctor?
5. <# `xiQ identity card K?

Must I show the Identity card?
239
7. "~ `xiQ P O Mm K
f~?
Must they vacate that site?
8. =#= `xiQ D H~ Kf
~?
Must we do this course?
Must you attend the seminar

tomorrow?
4. P# `xiQ
J~f~?
Must she come here tomorrow?
entrance
Must we appear for the entrance test

for MCA admission ?
3. g~ ~ ` x i Q
[~~f~?
6. P" `xiQ ~ WH_ =z

f~?
9.
H~ `xiQ =#=
KOz f~=<?
loan
surity
Must we show surity for a loan?
10. J` _ "ix ` x i Q + O z
f~?
Must he feed them?
11. P" ` xiQ treatment Okf~?

Must she undergo treatment?
Must they finish this work tomorrow?
13. g~ `xiQ Enlgish paper answer

Kf~?
Must you answer the English paper?
14. =#= D form Jx columns fill K

f~?
Must we fill up all the columns in this
form?
15. <# ~ `xiQ D iH~ present

Kf~?
Must I present this record there
tomorrow?
16. =#O B.Ed seat ` xiQ donation

pay Kf~?
Must we pay donation for the B.Ed.
seat?
files
D "~ O
clear
Must you clear all these files this

week?
18. h= ~ `xiQ Chennai K~Hx

f~?
Must you reach Chennai tomorrow?
19. =#O application

JO\Ozf~?
EXERCISE
12. "~ `xiQ D x ~ i K

f~?
17. g~ D
f~?
: 94406 16425
photograph
Must we affix the passport size

photograph on application form?
1. =#= ~ JH_H "of

~ ?
2. h= ` xiQ ~ J`xH money O
f~ ?
3. g~ ` xiQ ~ JH_ J`xx He
f~ ?
4. J` _ ` x i Q D course K
f~?
5. P" `xiQ training Ok f~?
6. "~ `xiQ ~ D report submit
Kf~ ?
7. h= `xiQ D test coaching
fHx f~ ?
8. g~ `xiQ ~ JH_ "ix
receive KHx f~ ?
9. =#= ` x i Q D books Hx
f~ ?
10. J`_ `xiQ D exam pass J~
f~ ?
11. P" ` x i Q treatment Ok
f~?
12. "~ ` x i Q D rule \Oz
f~?
13. h= `xiQ "i permission Ok
f~ ?
14. < # ` x i Q D ~A office H
=zf~ ?
15. =#= ` xiQ D < loan clear
Kf~ ?
20. h= "iH =O^Q inform Kf

~?
Must you inform them earlier?
Little strokes fell great oaks.
Z
240
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REVISION
=#= D ~A Uq <~<= ?
D~A =#= =# Spoken English Course 'Must' QiOz <~<=.
'Must' J# ^xx grammar Anoamalous Verb - (Future Form) JO\~. nx =#=
1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form J# 3 parts <~<=.
1.
POSITIVE FORM :
q+` x XH ==#O^ XH~ ` H Kf

~=# XH xx QiOz
zOK@ "Must + I form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. I must pass this test.

2. We must learn Sanskrit.
3. You must prepare all the lessons.
4. They must finish this work today.
2.
NEGATIVE FORM :
q+` x XH ==#O^ =#= Z\ i` # K _x XH

xx QiOz zOK@ "Must not+ I form of the Verb " L
yOK=#.
Ex :
1. We must not lose heart in our difficulties.

2. We must not fear to our problems.
3. He must not know this news.
4. They must not repeat this mistake.
3.
QUESTION FORM :
q+` x XH ==#O^ YzÒ Q Kf

~=# XH xx QiOz
tOK@# zOK@ "Must + I form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. Must I appear for the entrance test ?
2. Must we enclose original certificates ?
3. Must you submit this report tomorrow ?
4. Must they vacate the house next month ?
241
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I Form
II Form
III Form
481.
reduce
reduced
reduced
482.
reform
reformed
reformed
483.
refuse
refused
refused
484.
regret
regretted
regretted
485.
regulate
regulated
regulated
486.
reject
rejected
rejected
487.
relate
related
related
488.
relax
relaxed
relaxed
489.
release
released
released
490.
relieve
relieved
relieved
491.
remain
remained
remained
492.
remember
remembered
remembered
493.
remind
reminded
reminded
494.
remove
removed
removed
495.
repeat
repeated
repeated
496.
repent
repented
repented
497.
reply
replied
replied
498.
require
required
required
499.
rescue
rescued
rescued
500.
reside
resided
resided
Meaning
`yOK@
O~= K @
u~iOK@
`_@
H=~K@
`"@
q=iOK@
K Q LO_@
q_OK@
q_^ K
(L^Q OII"#q)
qye O_
*H=OKH#@
*H ~K@
`yOK@
=~ KC, K@
` _@
|^ KC@
H=#k H~@
H_@
x=VtOK@
D ~A Spoken English lesson x Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form

Z
242
He who spits against the sky will have it fall on his face.
: 94406 16425
COULD
XHHi =#= QÒx XH ==#O^ XH~ XH xx KQey#
=~ =# zOKKO^=.
<# x# interview Q KQey<#.

"= last year =Oz results O^QeQ=.
J`_ x# = amount adjust KQey<_.
"~ x# match easy Q Q= Qey<~.
J
J
J
J
"H= QÒ XH~ XH xx K Qey# =~ =# zOKK#q.
D q^=Q QÒ x XH == #O^ x#, Q` "~O, Q` <, Q` O=`~O H QÒ x

=i W`~ ==#O^# # =#= H "~H~ XH xx K Qey# =~ =# (ability)
zOK@
"Could + I form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=x
Subject Singular, Plural U^## "Could"
LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1. <# Degree 90% =~
KQey<#.
score
6. <# x# interview Jx
answer KQey<#.
I could score 90% of marks in Degree.
2. "= x# ~O_ QO@ <~

K~HQeQ=.
3.
4.
We Could reach Nellore within two

hours yesterday.
Sachin Tendulkar K z# =
OK records create KQey<_.
Sachin Tendulkar could create the
world records at a young age.
= sister x# @ \ first prize
O^Qey#k.
My sister could win the first prize in

the singing competition yesterday.
5. N K O ^ | ` # 45= U@<
=Y=Ou J=Qey<~.
Sri Chandra Babu could become
Chief- minister at the age of 45.
243
7.
questions
I could answer all the questions in the

interview yesterday.
"= last time P problem easy Q solve
KQey<=.
We could solve that problem easily

last time.
8. b <~# ~O_ ~A
QiOKQey<~.
The police could identify the criminals
within two days.
9. < # < 19= @ . l. i

KQey<#.
I could complete my P.G. at the age
of 19.
10. "= Hk ~A< `C `H

Qe<=.
We could realise our mistake in a few
days.
11. <Q~# J#= ` Q

KQeQ_.
act
12.
Nagarjuna could act well in the role of

Annamayya.
= brother last year ~. 50,000 save
13.
My brother could save Rs. 50,000 last

year.
<# ~ O_ << Short Hand Writing
KQey<_.
<~H#QeQ#.
15.
I could learn Short Hand Writing within

two months.
Last time < # J` x amount 10
~A repay KQey<#.
I could repay his amount within ten
days last time.
" = last time =Oz e `
16.
We could achieve better results last

time.
P" typhoid attack #Oz i Q
17.
She could recover from the attack of

typhoid completely.
= brother x# interview Q
18.
My brother could do the interview well

yesterday.
Indian bowlers Pakistan batsmen
14.
kOKQe y<=.
HHQey#k.
KQey<_.
~Q KO_ J_HQey<~.
The Indian bowlers could prevent the
Pakistan batsmen from making runs.
19. " = x# J` x x D q+ O
XOKQey<=.
We could convince him in this matter
yesterday.
20. "~ "~O 5 OII 25 H

OkOKQe y<~.
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE

1. < # x# <Q lessons
<~H#Qey<#.
2. < # x# g\ O Q ^ ~ OQ
=\Qey<#.
3. "= last time 6 < loan clear
KQey<=.
4. = brother K z# =< Bank
officer J=Qey<_.
5. P" x# guest # K Q treat
KQey#k.
6. "~ ~O_ << business Q
pickup KQe<~.
7. < # x# s H K Q
"Qey<#.
8. "= ~O_ << house construct
KQey<=.
9. J^$+=
` "= P
=
^= #O_
escape J=Qey<=.
10. Q` sH <# XH << Jx
subjects prepare J=Qey<#.
11. <# J`xH x# q=~OQ explain K
KQey<#.
12. J`x parents Ò` `# H O
kOKQe y<_.
13. = friends O` "= x# P
x OQ i K Qey<=.
14. Last time "= = Q enjoy
KQey<=.
15. "~ JC_ business ^ amount
invest KQey<~.
They could earn 25 lakhs in the
business in 5 years.
A tree is known by its fruit.
244
: 94406 16425
NEGATIVE FORM
QÒ x XH ==#O^ XH~ XH xx K Qey# =~ = H =@#
zOKKO^=.
J
J
J
J
<# x# h help KH~<#.

"= Q`"~O match Q=H~ <=.
= brother last year exams pass HH~<_.
"~ x# time H WH_ K~HH ~<~.
"H= XH ==#O^ XH~ XH xx K Qey# =~ = H =@#

zOKK#q.

=i W`~ ==#O^## =#= H "~H~ i KH~# (=~=
H=@) lack of ability XH xx QiOz zOK@
"Could + not + I form of the verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=x
Subject Singular, Plural U^## "Could+ not" LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1. < # x# exam Jx questions
answer KH~<#.
2.
3.
4.
I could not answer all the questions

in the examination yesterday.
"= x# P work time H i KH
6.
~<=.
We could not complete the work in

time yesterday.
last year EAMCET = brother rank
7.
O^H~<_.
My brother could not get rank in the

EAMCET last year.
Indian team 2003 World Cup final
match P e # F_OK H
~#k.
The Indian team could not defeat the

Australian team in the final match of
2003 World Cup.
245
5.
Last year = lecturers sH

=O^
syllabus iKH~<~.
Our lecturers could not complete the
syllabus before the exams last year.
"~ last time = JH _ = u
HeOKH~<~.
They could not provide us

accommodation there last time.
< # last year studies i Q
concentrate KH~<#.
I could not concentrate on my studies
last year.
8. Q` ZxH `QÔ s
[ #
PHiOKH~#k.
9.
The Telugu Desam Party could not

attract the people in the last elections.
= father business success
HH~<~.
My father could not succeed in the

business.
10. P @ ~ x contents < # J~ O

KHH~<#.
11.
I could not understand the contents

of that letter.
" = x# exam hall H time H
12.
We could not reach the examination

hall in time yesterday.
= friends < P q+O help
13.
My friends could not help me in that

matter last time.
Jq` |K< ~[H succeed
14.
15.
K~HH~<=.
KH~<~.
HH~.
Amitab Batchan could not succeed in

politics.
z< >O_~ captain Q team #
iQ lead KH~<_.
Sachin Tendulkar could not lead the
team well as the captain.
<# x# P news #=H~<#.
I could not believe that news
yesterday.
16. `q<_ _.O.H. s =~

`x U~@ K H ~#k.
The DMK could not form the
government again in Tamil Nadu.
17. J`_ `# x~+`x x~OKHH

~<_.
He could not prove his innocence.
18. "~ P J=Hx LyOKHH

~<~.
19.
They could not utilize that opportunity.

" = last time D i[ guess
KH~<=.
We could not guess this result last

time.
20. J\H O^

Ò Hj~ =#
i+iOKH~#k.
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE

1. < # x# exam i Q " H
~<#.
2. " = x# P train JO^ H H
~<=.
3. = brother last time \ K ~
O^H~<_.
4. P" last year Jx |
HH ~#k.
5. "~ x# function H U~@ iQ
KH~<~.
6. Last time <# exam H iQ prepare
HH~<#.
7. " = x# q=# H = H
~<=.
8. "~ last year =Oz result kOKH
~.
9. < # x# P q+ O J` x `
"kOKH#.
10. "~ last year time H loan clear K H
~.
11. " = x# i # x~ O
fHH~<=.
12. = grandmother P "k #Oz recover
HH~.
13. <# x# J`xH P q+O iQ
explain KH#.
14. `y# ==H "= "iH D
q+O inform KH =.
15. =~= =#, "= x# work continue
KH=.
The then Central Government

couldnot solve the Kashmir problem.
A sound mind is a sound body.
Z
246
: 94406 16425
QUESTION FORM
XHHi =#= W`~ ` =\_ K#C _ QÒ XH~ K Qey# XH xx
(xx K Qey# =~ =) ability tOKKO^=.
h= x# quiz \ prize Q= Qey<" ?

x# Indian players easy Q match Q=Qey<~ ?
h= JO` OQ D job Z O^ Qey<= ?
"~ last week Zx files clear K Qey<~ ?
J
J
J
J
"H= QÒ x XH ==#O^ XH~ XH xx K Qey# =~ =

QiOz tOK@# zOKK#q.

=i W`~ == #O^# # =#= H "~H~ XH xx K Qey# =~ =# (ability)
tOK@
"Could + I form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note :
"H=x
Subject Singular, Plural U^## "Could + I form"
LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1. x# g\OQ h= Q =\_
Qey<" ?
Could you speak well in the meeting
yesterday?
2. g~ x# P x x H O i
KQey<~ ?
3.
4.
Could you finish that work in time

yesterday?
h= x# Interview board members #
h answers ` satisfy KQey<" ?
Could you satisfy the members of the
Interview Board with your answers?
g cousin last time h amount adjust
KQey<_ ?
Could your cousin adjust you the

amount last time?
5. J`_ `# H O kOKQe y<_ ?

Could he achieve his goal?
247
6. P" x# \ Q _Qe y#^ ?

Could she sing well in the competition
yesterday ?
7. "~ x# =xH sH
K~HQey<~ ?
Could they reach the examination hall
in time yesterday?
8. h= last time =Oz =~

KQey<" ?
score
Could you score good marks last

time?
9. g~ = address easy Q `H
Qey<~ ?
Could you find our address easily?
10. g~ D e`= =O^Q<

KQey<~ ?
guess
Could you guess this result earlier?
: 94406 16425
'Wh' QUESTIONS
EXERCISE
11. g~ x# P =# JO` OQ
Z i+iOKQey<~ ?
How could you solve that problem

easily yesterday?
12. Q` P~ OII h= ZO` OkOK

Qey<= ?
13.
Howmuch amount could you earn in

the last six years ?
x# sH h= Zx questions answer
KQey<= ?
16.
Howmany questions could you

answer in the examination yesterday?
Last World Cup finals Indian
batsmen Zx ~ Q K Qey<~?
Howmany runs could Indian batsmen
make in the finals of the last World
Cup?
"~ x# O ZO` amount
deposit KQey<~?
Howmuch amount could they deposit
in the bank yesterday?
Last series Agarkar Zx wickets
17.
Howmany wickets could Agarkar take

in the last series?
J` _ last time =# Uq help
18.
What help could he do for us last time?

JO`z# = h= Bank Officer
14.
15.
19.
20.
fQey<_ ?
KQey<_ ?
Z J=Qey<=?
How could you become a Bank Officer

at a young age ?
P =Ô #Oz last time x# Z=~
save KQey<~?
Who could save you from that danger
last time ?
g unit ZO` =Ok agents last
month target K~HQey<~ ?
Howmany agents could reach the
target in your unit last month ?
1. h= x# P train catch KQey<"?

2. g~ P programme H Jx U~@
KQey<~?
3. J` _ last time g Q teach
KQey<_?
4. P" q=# identify K Qey#^?
5. "~
last
time
JO` # + O
iOKQe y<~?
6. g friends last time =@ x|_Qey
<~?
7. "~ =O^Q< D news `H
Qey<~?
8. h= last year P Hl admission
easy Q O^Qey<"?
9. last year g H~ ~ [#=i< syllabus
complete KQey<~?
10. last year J`_ Jx subjects pass
J=Qey<_?
11. g lecturer x# h doubts Jx clarify
KQey<~ ?
12. _H~ x# P" "kx QiOKQe y<~?
13. JO`^ \ h= J`x address Z
H#Q#Qey<=?
14. Last time BJP PO^ ^
Zx seats
Q=Qey#k?
15. g~ last week Zx files clear
KQey<~?
A small leak sinks a great ship.
Z
248
: 94406 16425

XHHi =#= W`~` =\_K#C_ QÒx XH == #O^
XH~ KH~# XH xx QiOz negative sense tOKKO^=.
h= x# class H attend HH~<"?

g~ x# U~@ iQ KH~ ?
P" x# meeting Q =\_H ~#^?
J`_ last time exam H Q prepare HH~<_?
J
J
J
J
"H= QÒ XH~ KH~# ## QiOz tOK@#

zOKK#q.
D q^=Q QÒ x XH ==#O^ x#, Q`" ~O, Q`< , Q` O=`~= H

QÒx =i W`~ ==#O^## =#= H "~H~ KH~# (XH xx K
Q =~ = H =@) XH xx QiOz t OK@# zOK@
"Couldn't + I form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
*
Note :
"H=x
U^## "Couldn't " LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1. h= x# train JO^HH~<"?
2.
Couldn't you catch the train yesterday?

g~ x# P show H tickets O^H
3.
Couldn't you get the tickets for that

show yesterday?
J` _ last year exam pass
~<~?
HH~<_?
4.
Couldn't he pass the examination last

year?
P" last year EAMCET rank O^H
5.
Couldn't she secure a rank in the

EAMCET last year?
"~ P business success
~#^?
HH~<~?
Couldn't they succeed in that

business?
249
6. h= x# J`xx XOKH~<"?
Couldn't you convince him yesterday?
7. g~ x# JH_
~<~?
work
i KH
Couldn't you finish the work there

yesterday?
8. h= x# JH_ =xH K~HH

~<"?
Couldn't you reach there in time
yesterday?
9. "~ last
~<~?
month bill
K e O K H
Couldn't they pay the bill last time?
10. g~ x# "iH = u H e OK H
~<~ ?
Couldn't
you
provide
accommodation yesterday?
them
: 94406 16425
'Wh' QUESTIONS
EXERCISE
11. h= last year P college ZO^ seat

O^H~<=?
12.
Why couldn't you get a seat in that

college last year?
Sachin Captain Q ZO^ success
13.
Why couldn't Sachin succeed as a

Captain?
g~ P exam Q ZO^ "H
14.
Why couldn't you write that exam well?

h= P interview Q ZO^ KH
15.
Why couldn't you do that interview

well?
J`_ h P q+O ZO^ help
16.
Why couldn't he help you in that

matter?
P" x# party H ZO^ attend
1. h= x# test Jx questions answer

KH~<"?
2. x# friendly match g~ "ix
F_OKH ~<~?
3. Last time ZxH P# majority
O^H~<~?
4. P" x# WH_ ~H~O^?
5. "~ last time g material supply
KH~<~?
6. h= x# J`xH amount adjust KH
~<"?
7. g~ P = # i + iOK H
~<~?
8. h= x# J` x =@ #= H
~<"?
9. J`_ last year =Oz =~ score
KH~<_?
10. P" P J==#O iOKH ~#^?
11. g~ P q+O i# x~O
ZO^ fHH~?
12. h= x# J` x x ZO^ H = H
=?
13. g~ J`x ZO^ K~ fHH
~?
14. "~ P course time H ZO^ i
KH~?
15. g~ x# P programme ZO^
participate KH~?
HH~<_?
~<~?
~<=?
KH~<_?
HH~Ok?
Why couldn't she attend the party

yesterday?
17. P" P "k #Oz ZO^ HHH

~#k ?
18.
Why couldn't she recover from that

decease?
"~ x# match ZO^ Q = H
19.
Why couldn't they win that match

yesterday?
P# last time ZO^ minister HH
20.
Why couldn't he become a minister last

time?
"~ P loan ZO^ clear KH
~<~?
~<~?
~<~?
Why couldn't they clear that loan?
Vows made in a storm are forgotten in a calm.
250
: 94406 16425
REVISION
=#= D ~A Uq <~<= ?
D~A =#= =# Spoken English Course 'Could' QiOz <~<=.
'Could' J# ^xx grammar Anomalous Verb JO\~ . nx =#=
1.
POSITIVE FORM :
QÒ x XH ==#O^ XH~ XH xx K Q =~ =# (capacity)
H e y O_ @# Q iOz zOK @ "Could + I form of the verb "
LyOK=#.
Ex :
2.
1. I could speak well in the meeting yesterday.

2. We could complete the course successfully.
3. He could win the election with good majority last time.
4. They could achieve the target last time.
NEGATIVE FORM :
QÒ x XH ==#O^ =~ = H XH~ K H ~# XH xx QiOz

zOK@ "Could not + I form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
3.
1. I could not attend the meeting yesterday.

2. We could not write exam well last time.
3. He could not help us last time.
4. They could not satisfy the customers.
QUESTION FORM :
QÒ x XH == #O^ XH~ =~ =` K Qy# XH xx QiOz

tOK@# zOK@ "Could + I form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
4.
1. Could you find his address easily yesterday?

2. Could you do the interview well yesterday?
3. Could he pass the Group-2 exam in the first attempt?
4. Could they clear the loan in time?
QÒ x XH == #O^ XH~ =~ = H XH xx K H =@#

QiOz negative sense tOK@# zOK@ "Couldn't + I form of the
Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
251
1.
2.
3.
4.
Couldn't you pay the bill last month?

Couldn't you stay there alone last night?
Couldn't he help you last time?
Couldn't they reach the station in time?
: 94406 16425

I Form
II Form
III Form
501.
Resign
resigned
resigned
502.
Resolve
resolved
resolved
503.
Resume
resumed
resumed
504.
Retire
retired
retired
505.
Return
returned
returned
506.
Reveal
revealed
revealed
507.
Revenge
revenged
revenged
508.
Revise
revised
revised
509.
Roam
roamed
roamed
510.
Roar
roared
roared
511.
Rob
robbed
robbed
512.
Roll
rolled
rolled
513.
Rub
rubbed
rubbed
514.
Rush
rushed
rushed
515.
Salute
saluted
saluted
516.
Satisfy
satisfied
satisfied
517.
Save
saved
saved
518.
Scatter
scattered
scattered
519.
Scold
scolded
scolded
520.
Scream
screamed
screamed
D ~A
Meaning
~r<=K
f~xOK
uiy ~OaOK
q~=}K@
uiy=K@
è~K@
Qf~H#@
`Ck^
T~Hu~Q@
QiOK@
^KH#@
QO_=Q u~Q@
~^@
"Q=Q=@
#=iOK@
`$~K@
H_@
"^[@
u@@
HH"@

Z
252
: 94406 16425
HAVE TO
XHHi =#= W`~ ` =\_ K#C _

` =
=#= K =#
J=~=# XH xx QiOz zOKKO^=.
<# D ~A L.I.C. office "= =#k.

"= D "~= tax pay K= #k.
J`_ D ~A duty join J== #k.
P" doctor # consult H= #k.
J
J
J
J
"H= `= XH~ K =# J=~=# XH xx QiOz

zOKK#q.
D q^=Q ` = =#= =\_ K# ==#O^ WC_, D ~A, D"~O, D

<, D O=`~O =#= H "~H~ K =# J=~= # XH xx zOK@
"Have to / Has to + I form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=x
I, we, you, they subject Q =#_ 'have to'.
He, She, it subject Q =#_ 'has to' =K#.
EXAMPLES
1. <# WC_ "O@<
"= #k.
railway station
I have to go to railway station

immediately now.
2. "= D "~O house tax KeOK=

#k.
We have to pay house tax this week.
3. g~
application D~A
x

submit K=#k.
You have to submit the application
form to the principal today.
4. = brother D Sunday Hyderabad

interview H attend J==#k?
My brother has to attend an interview
in Hyderabad this Sunday.
5. <# D O=`~O hard work K =

#k.
I have to work hard this year.
253
6. "~ D< D W Mm K=
#k.
They have to vacate this house this
month.
7. P" D ~A OÒ
consult H=#k.
doctor
She has to consult the doctor this

evening.
8. "= = =iH 4 H.g #_==

#k.
We have to walk 4 Kms. to our village.
9. g~ D work D~A
K=#k.
finish
You have to finish this work today.
10. = father D ~A
#k.
camp
"=
My father has to go on camp today.
11. P" u~E afternoon

box f"= #k.
EXERCISE
lunch
She has to take lunch box for children

every afternoon.
12. "~ D game Q practice K =

#k.
1.
They have to practise this game well.
2.
13. g~ =O^ Q J` x x H ==
#k.
You have to meet him first.
14. P" ` O
#k.
rest
f H#= #
She has to take rest at present.
15. <# text books refer K =

#k.
I have to refer to the text books.
16. " = u ~A accounts

K=#k.
maintain
We have to maintain the accounts

every day.
17. "= ~E P 10 QOII x

K=#k.
We have to work ten hours in our office
daily.
18. g~ Z\HC_ = matter inform

K=#k.
you have to inform us the matter from
time to time .
19.
English improve KH#@ g~

English magazines K^ ==
#k.
You have to read English magazines
to improve English.
20. "~ D < entrance test appear

J==#k.
: 94406 16425
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
<# D "~O = brother H money

O==#k.
" = D < Bank loan clear
K==#k.
h= text books Jx H#==#k.
School Children uniform îOK
==#k.
"~
u
OÒ study classes H
attend J===#k.
J`_ sincere Q work K ==#k.
P" D medicine ~AH ~O_~
fH#==#k.
<# u ~A = # school ^Q~
drop K==#k.
"= "~O ~AHHi report submit
K==#k.
<# u ~A manager account
K==#k.
J`_ "~ # g^ u~A
}O K= =O@Ok.
P" u~A 5am H x^ ==
=O@Ok.
J` _ ` # old parents serve
K==#k.
<#
u
~A college 10 hours teach
K==O@Ok.
"~ u < bank ~ . 2500
KeOK==#k.
They have to appear for the entrance

test this month.
Man proposes and God disposes.
Z
254
: 94406 16425
NEGATIVE FORM
XHHi =#= W`~ ` =\_ K# ==# =#= K =#
J=~= x ## QiOz zOKKO^=.
<# J room H rent pay K=# J=~O ^.

"= J taxes pay K=# J=~O LO_^.
J`_ J job K=# J=~O ^.
P" J college H "#=~O ^.
J
J
J
J
"H= =#= K=# J=~= x ## QiOz zOKK#q.
D q^=Q Ò =#= =\_K# ==# D ~A, D "~O, D <, D

O=`~O =#= H "~H~ K =# J=~O x XH xx QiOz zOK@
"Don't have to / Doesn't have to + I form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=x
I, We, You, They Subject Q =#_ 'Don't have to' LyOK=#.
He, She, It, Subject Q =#_ 'Doesn't have to' LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1. <# J =WO\ xK=#
J=~O LO_^.
2.
I don't have to work in my house at

all.
" = Sunday duty H attend
6. "~ J W`~ depend J==#

J=~O ^.
7.
They don't have to depend on other's

at all.
<# J = brothers help
3.
We don't have to attend the duty on

Sunday at all.
= brother J W`~ O
8.
I don't have to help my brothers at

all.
" = J accounts maintain
4.
My brother doesn't have to seek

other's help.
P" J hostel stay K=#
9.
We don't have to maintain accounts

at all.
J`_ J job K=# J=~O
5.
She doesn't have to stay in the hostel

at all.
"~ J tax pay K = #
10. P" J WO\#O_ |@

~=# J=~O ^.
J==# J=~O LO_^.
H~=# J=~O LO_^.

J=~O ^.
J=~O ^.
They don't have to pay tax at all.

255
K=# J=~O =O_^.

K=# J=~O ^.
^.
He doesn't have to do job at all.
She does't have to come out of the

house at all.
11. < # J maths H coaching

fH=# J=~O ^.
I don't have to take coaching for Maths
at all.
12. "= J guides follow J==#

J=~O ^.
We don't have to follow guides at all.
13. J`_ J bus H train

}O
K=# J=~O ^.
He doesn't have to travel by bus or
train.
14. <# J < studies QiOz

H=# J=~O ^.
worry
I don't have to worry about my studies

at all.
15. "= J money JC K=#

J=~O ^.
We don't have to borrow money at
all.
16. P" J doctor # consult J==#

J=~O^.
She doesn't have to consult the
doctor at all.
17. "~ J Z=ih

J=~O ^.
care
K=#
They don't have to care anybody at

all.
18. <# J JH_ money Y~ @

=# J=~O ^.
I don't have to spend money there at
all.
19. J`_ J money OkOK=#

J=~O ^.
He doesn't have to earn money at all.
20. "= J "i q+O *HO

KH#=# J=~O ^.
We don't have to interefere in their
matter.
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE

1. <# J Sunday office H "=#
J=~O =O_^.
2. "= J Z=iH _=
#
J=~O ^.
3. h= J D job risk fH=#
J=~O =O_^.
4. J`_ J = money O=#
J=~O ^.
5. P" J Z=ih OkOK=#
J=~O ^.
6. "~ J WH_ stay K=#
J=~O =O_^.
7. <# J Z=iH q=~} W==#
J=~O ^.
8. " = J essays H O ~ O
K=# J=~O =O_^.
9. <# J Z=i O H~=#
J=~O ^.
10. "= class room notes "
=#
J=~O =O_^.
11. XH senior lecturer book refer
K=# J=~O =O_^.
12. " = J Bank loan
fH#=# J=~O =O_^.
13. J` _ J Cell Phone use
K=# J=~O =O_^.
14. P" u < doctor # consult
J==# J=~O =O_^.
15. "~ u q+O Manager ` discuss
K=# J=~O =O_^.
After a storm comes calm.
256
: 94406 16425
QUESTION FORM
XHHi =#= W`~ ` =\_ K#C _

` =
K =# J=~=
#
XH xx QiOz tOKKO^=.
J
J
J
J
h= u ~A computer class H attend J== L#^ ?

g~ u < report submit K= L#^ ?
P" u < doctor # consult J== L#^ ?
J`_ u "~O camp "= L#^ ?
"H=x # Ò XH~ K=# J=~= LO_@# QiOz

tOKK#q.
D q^=Q ` = =#= =\_ K# ==# J#Q WC_, ` O , u ~A,

u "~O, u <, u O=`~O K =# J=~O LO_ XH xx QiOz t OK@
"Do/Does + have to + I form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=x
I, we, you, they - Subject Q L#C_ 'Do + have to'
He, She, It - Subject Q L#C_ "Does + have to" LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1. h=
u
~A office k QO@ work
K= LO@O^ ?
Do you have to work ten hours in the
office daily ?
2. h= D medicine u~A fH#=

L#^ ? Do you have to take this
6. "~ govt. orders H@|_ LO_=

L#^ ?
8.
Do they have to abide by the govt.

orders?
h=
u
i g grandfather H `_Q
hospital "= L#^ ?
Do you have to accompany your
grandfather to hospital everytime ?
P"
u
< doctor # consult J==
9.
Does she have to consult the doctor

every month ?
g~ u < bank money deposit
10.
Do you have to deposit money in the

bank every month ?
"~ u< report submit K=
7.
medicine daily?
3. g~ u q+O manager ` discuss

K= LO@O^?
Do you have to discuss every matter
with the Manager ?
4. g father u"~O camp "=

L#^? Does your brother have to go
on camp every week ?
5. P"
u
=Ô
f"= L#^ ?
lunch box
Does she have to take lunch box for

children every afternoon ?
257
L#^ ?
K= L#^ ?
LO@O^ ?
Do they have to submit the report

every month ?
EXERCISE
'Wh' QUESTIONS
11. h= u ~A duty H ZC_

J== LO@Ok ?
attend
12.
When do you have to attend the duty

every day ?
h= u < g brother H ZO` money
13.
Howmuch money do you have to

send your brother every month ?
g~ office ~AH Zx Q O @
O= LO@Ok ?
xK= LO@Ok ?
Howmany hours do you have to work

in your office in a day ?
14. h= u Pk"~O <~ ZO^

"= LO@Ok ?
15.
Why do you have to go to Nellore

every Sunday ?
g~ D scheme < ZO` pay
16.
Howmuch money do you have to pay

in this scheme per month ?
g~ "~xH Zx files clear K=
17.
Howmany files do you have to clear

in a week ?
h= morning U time H x^ ==
18.
At what time do you have to wake up

in the morning ?
h= duty ~AH Zx H g@~ travel
19.
: 94406 16425
K= LO@Ok ?
LO@Ok?
LO@Ok ?
K= LO@Ok ?
Howmany kilometres do you have to

travel on duty in a day ?
Schedule H~= =#= XH <
Zx lessons teach K =
LO@Ok?
Howmany lessons do we have to

teach according to the schedule in a
month ?
20. =#= JH _ =O^ Q Z=ix

H== LO@Ok ?
Whom do we have to consult there
earlier ?

1. h= college u ~A study classes
H attend J== =#^?
2. g~ u < 5th rent pay
K= =#^?
3. J`_ u ~A D medicine fH#
==#^?
4. P" u < _H~# consult J==
L#^?
5. "~ u O=`~O annual report
prepare K= L#^?
6. h= D ~A g uncle =\_=
=#^?
7. g~ D < test appear J==
=#^?
8. P# WC_ "ix H== L#^?
9. P" library membership fH#=
=#^ ?
10. "~ D age J`x
depend J==
=#^?
11. g~ ~AH Zx questions <~ H#=
=O@Ok ?
12. h= u ~A computer class H ZC_
attend J===O@Ok ?
13. XH LIC agent <H Zx policies book
K==O@Ok ?
14. Office leave H~ g~ Z=i
J#=u H~= =O@Ok ?
15. Inter-students U grammar book refer
K= =O@Ok ?
They also serve who stand and wait.
258
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XHHi =#= W`~ ` =\_ K#C _

` O XH~ K =# J=~O
=O_x XH xx QiOz negative sense tOKKO^=.
h= J guides follow J==# J=~O =O_^?

g~ J tuition fH#=# J=~O =O_^ ?
J`_ J college fee pay K=# J=~O LO_^?
P" J P~QO QiOz worry H#=~O ^?
J
J
J
J
"H= `= H J\H XH~ K=# J=~=O_x ##

QiOz tOK@# zOKK#q.
D q^=Q =#= Qx "~H~ Qx ` = =\_ K# ==# Qx H J \H

Qx K =# J=~= x XH xx QiOz negative sense t OK@# zOK@
"Don't / Does n't + have to + I form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=
I, We, You, They > Subject
He, She, It >
Q L#C_ "Don't have to" LyOK=#.

Subject Q L#C_ "Doesn't have to " LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1. h= J Maths H coaching
fH#=# J=~O^?
2.
Don't you have to take coaching for

Maths at all ?
g~ J night duty H attend
J==# J=~O=O_^?
3.
Don't you have to attend the night duty

at all?
J` _ J camp " = #
4.
Doesn't he have to go on camps at

all?
P" J doctor # consult J==#
5.
J=~O=O_^?
J=~O=O_^?
Doesn't she have to consult the doctor

at all?
"~ J taxes KeO K=# J=~O
=O_^?
Don't they have to pay taxes at all?

259
6. h= J g brother H
O=# J=~O=O_^?
7.
money
Don't you have to send money to your

brother at all?
g~ J accounts maintain
K=# J=~O=O_^?
Don't you have to maintain the

accounts at all?
8. J`_ J Z=i<
P^~_
=
#
J=~O=O_^?
Doesn't he have to depend on others
at all?
9. P" J WH_ ~=# J=~O

=O_^?
Doesn't she have to come here at all?
10. "iH J W`~ O H~=#

J=~O=O_^ ?
Don't they have to seek others help at
all?
: 94406 16425
'Wh' QUESTIONS
EXERCISE
11. h= books refer K=# J=~O

ZOÔ_^?
Why don't you have to refer to the

books?
12. g~ text books H#=# J=~O

ZOÔ_^?
Why don't you have to buy text books?
13. J`_ camp "=# J=~O

ZOÔ_^?
Why doesn't he have to go on camps?
14. P" medicines fH#=# J=~O

ZO^^?
Why doesn't she have to take
medicines?
15. "~ notes " = # J= ~ O

ZOÔ_^?
Why don't they have to write notes?
16. h= H+_=# J=~O ZO^

^?
Why don't you have to work hard?
17. g~ project report `

~ K =#
J=~O ZO^=O_^ ?
Why don't you have to prepare the
project report?
18. "~ J O fertilizers use

K=# J=~O ZO^^?
Why don't they have to use fertilizers
in the field?
19. g~ J games practise K =#

J=~O ZO^^?
Why don't you have to practise
games?
20. J`xH J money OkOK=#

J=~O ZO^^?
Why doesn't he have to earn money
at all?
1. h= J lessons byheart K=#

J=~O =O_^?
2. g~ J "i J#=u fH#=#
J=~O=O_^?
3. J`_ J money Y~ @=#
J=~O=O_^?
4. P" J WO\ #O_ | @
~=# J=~OLO_^?
5. "~ J e ` Q iOz worry
J==# J=~O=O_^?
6. h= J money JC K=#
J=~O=O_^?
7. "~ J rice H#=# J=~O
=O_^?
8. h= J "i fH=#
J=~O=O_^?
9. J` _ J | }O
K=# J=~O=O_^?
10. P" J study classes "#=~O
=O_^?
11. g~ entrance test appear J==#
J=~O ZOÔ_^?
12. J`xH job K =# J=~O ZO^
^?
13. P" J reports `~ K=#
J=~O ZOÔ_^?
14. h= J cell phone use K=#
J=~O ZOÔ_^?
15. "iH J J`x q+O *HO
KH# =# J=~O =O_^?
Anger without power is folly.
Z
260
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REVISION
=#= D ~A Uq <~<= ?
D ~A =#= =# Spoken English Course 'Have to / Has to' QiOz <~ <=.
nx =#= 1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form 4. Negative Question
Form J# 4 parts <~<=. D 4 parts XHi revise KO^=.
1.
POSITIVE FORM :
`= Hh, ~Q~Q Qh XH~ K=# J=~=O_ XH xx QiOz

zOK@ "Have to / Has to + I form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. I have to work ten hours daily.
4. They have to consult the Manager every Monday.
3. He has to go on camp every week. 2. We have to pay rent on 5th every month.
2.
NEGATIVE FORM :
`= Hh, J\H Hh XH~ K=# J=~=O_x XH xx QiOz

zOK@ "Don't have to / Doesn't have to + I form of the Verb " LyOK
=#.
Ex :
1. I don't have to take any risk in my job.

2. We don't have to attend the duty on Sundays.
3. He doesn't have to care anyone.
4. They don't have to show any guarantee.
3.
QUESTION FORM :
`= Hh, ~Q~Q Qh XH~ K=# J=~=O_ XH xx QiOz

tOK@# zOK@ "Do / Does + have to + I form of the Verb " LyOK
=#.
Ex :
1. Do you have to speak English in your college?

2. Do you have to discuss every matter with your Manager?
3. Does he have to lookafter his business?
4. Does she have to take this medicine daily?
4.
`= Hh, J\H Hh XH~ K=# J=~=O_x XH xx QiOz

tOK@# zOK@ "Don't have to / Doesn't have to + I form of the
Verb"LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. Don't you have to go on camps at all?

2. Don't you have to wake up early in the morning?
3. Doesn't he have to know the details every time?
4. Don't they have to encourage him?
261
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I Form
II Form
521.
Seem
seemed
seemed
522.
Seize
seized
seized
523.
Separate
separated
separated
524.
Serve
served
served
525.
Settle
settled
settled
526.
Sharpen
sharpened
sharpened
527.
Shift
shifted
shifted
528.
Shiver
shivered
shivered
529.
Simplify
simplified
simplified
530.
Sip
sipped
sipped
531.
Slip
slipped
slipped
532.
Smash
smashed
smashed
533.
Smear
smeared
smeared
534.
Snatch
snatched
snatched
535.
Sneeze
sneezed
sneezed
536.
Snore
snored
snored
537.
Soak
soaked
soaked
538.
Sob
sobbed
sobbed
539.
Solicite
solicited
solicited
540.
Solve
solved
solved
D ~A
III Form
Meaning
JQ_@
@H#@
"~K@
=K@
~_@,
=^=i`= K@
^#@@
=~@
=}@
=K @
@
*~@, *~q_K@
QQ@
@
QH#@
`=@
Q~H @@
<#@@
"H "H U_@
"_ H#, iOK@
i+iOK@

Z
262
A thief thinks that everyone steals.
: 94406 16425
HAD TO
XHHi =#= QÒ x XH ==#O^ K =# J=~=
=z# XH
xx QiOz zOKKO^=.
<# x# sudden Q <~ "= =z#k.

"= last week special class H attend H= =z#k.
= sister last year studies discontinue K= =z#k.
= brother last Sunday interview H attend H= =z#k.
J
J
J
J
"H= QÒx XH ==#O^ K=# J=~= =z# XH xx

QiOz zOKK#q.
D q^=Q QÒ x XH ==#O^ x#, Q`" ~O, Q` <, Q` O=`~O H QÒ x

=i W`~ ==#O^## =#= H "~H~ K= =z# XH xx QiOz
zOK@
" Had to + I form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=x
Subject Singular, Plural U^## 'Had to' =K#.
EXAMPLES
1. <# x# urgent xg^ =
place "= =z#k.
native
6. "~
2.
I had to go to our native place on some

urgent work.
"= x# Bank Manager # consult
3.
We had to consult the Bank Manager

yesterday.
= brother last month job H resign
8.
4.
My brother had to resign to his job

last month.
P" last week hospital LO_=
9.
5.
She had to stay in the hospital last

week.
<# x# = friends H help K=
10.
J== =z#k.
K= =z#k.
=z#k.
=z#k.
I had to help my friends yesterday.

263
7.
last month sudden Q P house

vacate K= =z#k.
They had to vacate that house
suddenly last month.
"= last month money JC K =
=z#k.
We had to borrow money last month.

= father x# bank #Oz ~. 10,000
withdraw K= =z#k.
My father had to withdraw Rs. 10,000
from the bank yesterday.
"= x# =~==# programme
cancel K= =z#k.
We had to cancel the programme due
to rain yesterday.
"~ x# g\OQ postpone K=
=z#k.
They had to postpone the meeting

yesterday.
11. <# = grandfather `_Q x#

<~ "= =z#k.
I had to accompany my grandfather
to Nellore yesterday.
12. " = Q ` ~ u =
Q_= =z#k.
friends
WO\
We had to spend in our friends house

last night.
13. "~ Q` O=`~O business K

#+O face K= =z#k.
They had to face heavy loss in
business last year.
14. = cousin last year studies discontinue

K= =z#k.
My cousin had to discontinue her
studies last year.
15. " = x# P train ordinary

compartment }O K=
=z#k.
We had to travel in the ordinary
compartment in the train yesterday.
16.
< # Maths H HzOQ

fH= =z#k.
last year
I had to take coaching for Mathematics

last year.
17. "= x# principal HO two hours wait

K= =z#k.
We had to wait for the principal two
hours yesterday.
18. <# x# office H leave apply K =

=z#k.
I had to apply for leave to office
yesterday.
19. "= x# P q+O =

discuss K= =z#k.
father
20. "~ last

=z#k.
J==
We had to discuss that matter with my

father yesterday.
year
"i
house
They had to sell their house last year.
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE

1. <# x# Exam fee pay K=
=z#k.
2. "= Last week bank Rs. 2500
K= =z#k.
3. "= x# P village H 5 Kms #_=
= =z#k.
4. P # Q ` Zx H =O^ s
=~= =z#k.
5. = lecturers last year special classes
fH#= =z#k.
6. x# journey "= K risk face
K= =z#k.
7. "= last time Group-2 sH Hyd.
coaching fH#= =z#k.
8. "~ x# P"# hospital admit
K= =z#k.
9. "~ last month family Nellore H shift
K= =z#k.
10. "= x# "i O H~=
=z#k.
11. <# x# text books H#= =z#k.
12. = brother last year hostel stay
K= =z#k.
13. P" x# guests special items
`~ K= =z#k.
14. <# last Sunday Bangalore XH
seminar participate K =
=z#k.
15. P" last month Hyderabad Care
hospital treatment O^ =
=z#k.
Be a Roman when you are in Rome.
264
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NEGATIVE FORM
XHHi =#= QÒ x XH ==#O^ =#= K =# J=~=
O_x
XH xx QiOz zOKKO^=.
J
J
J
J
<# x# office H "=# J=~O ~^.

"= last year entrance test appear J==# J=~O HQ^.
= brother studies discontinue K=# J=~O HQ^.
P" last year donation pay K=# J=~O ~^.
"H= QÒx XH == #O^ =#= K=# J=~=O_x

XH xx QiOz zOKK#q.
D q^=Q QÒ x XH ==#O^ x# Q`" ~O, Q` <, Q` O=`~O H QÒ x

U W`~ == #O^## =#= H "~H~ K=# J=~O LO_x XH xx QiOz
zOK@
"Didn't + have to + I form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note :
"H=x
Subject Singular Plural
U^## 'Didn't have to' LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1. <# x# J`xx H= =# J=~O
~^.
3.
I did not have to meet him yesterday.

" = last year entrance test H
coaching fH=# J=~O
~^ .
We did not have to take coaching for
the entrance test last year.
= brother last time job H resign
4.
My brother did not have to resign to

his job last year.
P" last month hospital LO_=#
5.
She did not have to stay in the

hospital last month.
"~ last month house vacate
2.
K=# J=~O ~^.
J=~O HQ^.
K=# J=~O HQ^.
They did not have to vacate the house

last month.
265
6. <# x# penalty KeO K=# J=~O

HQ^.
I did not have to pay penalty
yesterday.
7. " = x# P =iH #_ == #
J=~O ~^.
We did not have to walk to that village
yesterday.
8. P" x# P H leave
K=# J=~O ~^.
apply
She did not have to apply for leave to

the office yesterday.
9. < # last month money J C

K=# J=~O ~^.
I did not have to borrow money last
month.
10. "= last year WH_ problem

K=# J=~O ~^.
face
11.
We did not have to face this problem

here last year.
"~ last month class attend
12.
They did not have to attend the

classes last month.
" = J C _ licence O^ = #
13.
We did not have to get the licence

then.
J`_ JC_ job K=# J=~O
14.
He did not have to do job then.

<# last year hostel K~=#
H=# J=~O HQ^.
J=~O ~^.
HQ^.
J=~O HQ^.
I did not have to join hostel last year.
15. "= Q` O=`~O entrance test

appear J==# J=~O HQ^.
We did not have to appear for the
entrance test last year.
16. <# x# J`x O H~=#

J=~O HQ^.
17.
I did not have to seek his help

yesterday.
" = "i` D q+ O discuss
18.
We did not have to discuss this

matter with them.
J`_ last time training O^=#
19.
He did not have to undergo training

last time.
"~ Z= amount invest K =#
20.
They did not have to invest much

amount.
< # x# JH _ "iH O wait
K=# J=~O ~^.
J=~O ~^.
J=~O ~^.
K=# J=~O ~^.
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE

1. < # x# JH _ J` x ` stay
K=# J=~O ~^.
2. "= last month JH_ "=#
J=~O ~^.
3. P" JVC_ D course K=#
J=~O ~^.
4. "~ QÒ night duty H attend
J==# J=~O ~^.
5. J` _ x# JH _ "ix receive
KH#=# J=~O ~^.
6. <# last time WO` syllabus prepare
J==# J=~O ~^.
7. " = last year donation pay
K=# J=~O ~^.
8. P# Q` ZxH QHO
Z = amount Y~ @ = #
J=~O HQ^.
9. P" x# "iH =~ explain
K=# J=~O ~^.
10. "~ last week P programme
#=# J=~O HQ^
.
11. < # D job H O Z =
H+_=# J=~O HQ^.
12. "= last year P town H family shift
K=# J=~O HQ^.
13. h= last year private college
K~=# J=~O ~^.
14. " = J C _ Wx subjects
K^==# J=~O HQ^.
15. P# x# WH_ ~=# J=~O
HQ^.
I did not have to wait for them there

yesterday.
Cleanliness is next to Godliness.
Z
266
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QUESTION FORM
XHHi =#= QÒ x XH == #O^ K =# J=~=
=z#
XH xx QiOz tOKKO^=.
h= x# K< "= =z#^ ?

g~ x# meeting postpone K= =z#^ ?
J`_ last month money JC K==z#^ ?
P" last week heart specialist # consult J== =z#^ ?
J
J
J
J
"H= QÒx XH == #O^ XH~ K=# J=~= =z# XH

xx Qi tOK@# zOKK#q.
D q^=Q QÒ x XH == #O^ x#, Q`" ~O, Q` <, Q` O=`~O H QÒ x

U W`~ == #O^## =#= H "~H~ K=# J=~= =z# XH xx QiOz
tOK@
"Did + have to + I form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=x
U^## 'Did + have to' LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1. x# g~ programme cancel K =
=z#^ ?
6. h= x# g brother H money O=
=z#^ ?
2.
7.
Did you have to send money to your

brother yesterday ?
P" last year studies discontinue
8.
Did she have to discontinue her

studies last year ?
g~ x# J`x HO K wait
9.
Did you have to wait for him for a long

time yesterday ?
"~ last year P house sale K =
Did you have to cancel the

programme yesterday ?
Last week g~ q<~ participate
K==z#^ ?
4.
Did you have to participate in the

seminar last week ?
g brother last year private college
join J===z#^ ?
Did your brother have to join private
college last year ?
"~ x# J` x H help K =
5.
Did they have to help him yesterday ?

g~ last time bank #O_ loan
3.
=z#^ ?
fH= =z#^ ?
Did you have to take loan from the

bank last time ?
267
K= =z#^ ?
K= =z#^ ?
=z#^ ?
Did they have to sell that house last

year ?
10. g~ x# D q+O JO` J`xH

explain K==z#^ ?
Did you have to explain this matter to
him yesterday ?
: 94406 16425
'Wh' QUESTIONS
EXERCISE
11. g~ x# JH_ Z=ix consult J==

=z#k ?
12.
13.
14.
Whom did you have to consult there

yesterday ?
g~ last time P problem Z solve
K==z#k ?
How did you have to solve that

problem last time ?
g~ sudden Q P house ZO^
vacate K= =z#k ?
Why did you have to vacate that
house suddenly ?
~ u g~ ZH _ stay K =
=z#k?
16.
Where did you have to stay last night?

h= last year M.C.A. course H ZO`
donation pay K= =z#k ?
Howmuch donation did you have to
pay for MCA course last year ?
g~ x# meeting ZO^ postpone
17.
Why did you have to postpone the

meeting yesterday ?
g~ last time P"# ZH_ admit
18.
Where did you have to admit her last

time ?
g~ last time Zx < tH }
15.
19.
20.
K= =z#k ?
K==z#k ?
O^= =z#k ?
Howmany months did you have to

undergo training last time ?
P" last year studies ZO^
discontinue K= =z#k ?
Why did she have to discontinue her
studies last year ?
g~ last month money ZO^ JC
K= =z#k ?
1. g~ x# P TiH #_z "=

=z#^ ?
2. h= last month comp "=
=z#^?
3. J`_ JC_ P job =^H#=
=z#^ ?
4. P" x# guests HO =~ cook
K= =z#^?
5. "~ last month sudden Q P house
vacate K= =z#^ ?
6. h= x# =~ Manager # consult
J===z#^ ?
7. P# x# court [~ J==
=z#^?
8. g~ P" # hospital admit
K= =z#^ ?
9. P" ~ u P WO\ XO@iQ stay
K= =z#^ ?
10. "~ x# JH_ trouble face K=
=z#^ ?
11. h= last Sunday Guntur ZO^
"= =z#k ?
12. g~ bank #O_ x# ZO` amount
withdraw K= =z#k ?
13. J`_ last year P course ZO^
K~= =z#k ?
14. P" last time U subject H coaching
fH#= =z#k ?
15. J`_ last time Zx ~A hospital
stay K= =z#k?
Why did you have to borrow money

last month ?
Hardwork always brings success.
Z
268
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XHHi =#= W`~ ` =\_ KC _ QÒ x XH == #O^ X~
K=# J=~= x XH xx QiOz negative sense tOK@#
zOKKO^=.
h= x# college H "=# J=~O ~^?

g~ last month bill pay K=# J=~O ~^?
J`_ JC_ D course K=# J=~O ~^?
"~ JC_ P W Mm K=# J=~O ~^?
J
J
J
J
"H= QÒ XH~ K=# J=~= x XH xx QiOz negative

sense tOK@# zOKK#q.
D q^=Q QÒ x XH == #O^ x#, Q`" ~O, Q`< , Q` O=`~= H QÒ x

=i W`~ == #O^# # =#= H "~H~ K =# J=~= x XH xx QiOz
negative sense tOK@# QiOz zOK@
"Didn't + have to + I form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=
U^##
'Didn't + have to' =K#.
EXAMPLES
1. x# g~ JH_ J`xx H==#
J=~O ~^?
Didn't you have to meet him there
yesterday?
Didn't you have to pay penalty last

month?
office
H "=#
4. P" J C _ "iO\ LO_ = #

J=~O ~^?
Didn't she have to stay in their house
269
Didn't they have to invest in the
6. g~ XHC_ D house H
K=# J=~O~^?
rent pay
Didn't you have to pay rent for this

house once?
Didn't he have to go to office last week?
then?
invest
business then?
2. g~ last month penalty pay K =#

J=~O ~^?
3. J`_ last week

J=~O ~^?
5. "~ J C _ business
K=# J=~O~^?
7. h= XHC_
~^?
job
K=# J=~O
Didn't you have to do job once?
8. g~ JC_ "i` discuss K =#

J=~O ~^ ?
Didn't you have to discuss with them
then ?
,
'Wh' QUESTIONS
g~ bill pay K=#
9. x#
ZO^ ~^?
10.
EXERCISE
J=~O
Why didn't you have to pay the bill

yesterday?
g~ JC_ coaching fH#=#
J=~O ZO^~^?
11.
Why didn't you have to take coaching

then?
J`xH JC_ job K=# J=~O
12.
Why didn't he have to do job then?

P" x# duty H attend J== #
ZO^ HQ^?
J=~O ZO^~^?
13.
Why didn't she have to attend the duty

yesterday?
"~ last time voting #=#
14.
Why didn't they have to partcipate in

the voting last time?
h= x# ticket H#= # J= ~ O
J=~O ZO^~^?
ZO^~^?
15.
Why didn't you have to buy the ticket

yesterday?
g~ last month classes H attend
16.
Why didn't you have to attend the

classes last month?
J`_ last year donation KeOK=#
17.
J==# J=~O ZO^~^?
J=~O ZO^ HQ^?
Why didn't he have to pay donation last

year?
x# interview J`_ certificates
present K=# J=~O ZO^
~^?
18.
: 94406 16425
Why didn't he have to present the

certificates in the interview yesterday?
g~ last month J` x H money
O=# J=~O ZO^~^?
Why didn't you have to send him

money last month?

1. h= x# JH _ "i H O wait
K=# J=~O ~^?
2. g~ last month college fee pay
K=# J=~O ~^?
3. J`_ JC_ money OkOK=#
J=~O ~^?
4. P" J C _ g WO\ =O_ = #
J=~O ~^?
5. "~ last year tax K e O K = #
J=~O ~^?
6. h= x# J` x H help K = #
J=~O ~^?
7. g~ last time "i O H~=#
J=~O ~^?
8. "~ J C _ P house vacate
K=# J=~O ~^?
9. J`_ x# camp "=# J=~O
~^?
10. P" JC_ "i P^~_=#
J=~O ~^?
11. h= x# duty H attend H=# J=~O
ZO^ ^?
12. g~ last time business attend
K=# J=~O ZO^ ~^?
13. J` _ J C _ training O^ = #
J=~O ZO^ ~^?
14. g~ J C _ English < ~ H = #
J=~O ZO^ ~^?
15. "~ JC_ entrance test appear
J==# J=~O ZO^ ~^?
God gives every bird its food but doesnot throw it into the nest.
270
: 94406 16425
REVISION
=#= D ~A Uq <~<= ?
D ~A =#= =# Spoken English Course 'Had to + I form of the Verb' J#
structure QiOz <~<=. nxx Past necessary action JO\~. nx =#=
1.
POSITIVE FORM :
QÒ x XH ==#O^ K =# J=~=

=O_# XH xx zOK@
" Had to + I form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. I had to go to Chennai last week. 2. He had to join a private college last year.
2.
3. We had to help him yesterday.

NEGATIVE FORM :
4. They had to deposit Rs. 10,000 last time.
QÒ x XH ==#O^ K =# J=~=

=O_x XH xx zOK@
" Did not + have to + I form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
3.
1. I did not have to meet him yesterday.

2. We did not have to take permission.
3. He did not have to apply for leave yesterday.
4. They did not have to stay here last night.
QUESTION FORM :
QÒ x XH ==#O^ K =# J=~=

=O_# XH xx QiOz
t
OK@# zOK@ " Did + have to + I form of the Verb " L
yOK=#.
Ex :
4.
1. Did you have to consult the doctor yesterday?

2. Did he have to appear for the test last month?
3. Did she have to go to hospital yesterday?
4. Did they have to take coaching last time?
QÒx XH ==#O^ K=# J=~= =O_x XH xx QiOz

negative sense tOK@# zOK@ " Didn't + have to + I form of the
Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
271
1.
2.
3.
4.
Didn't you have to pay rent then?

Didn't he have to come here yesterday?
Didn't she have to stay in the hospital last time?
Didn't they have to buy the tickets yesterday?
28 DAY (ADDING)
,
: 94406 16425

I Form
II Form
III Form
541
Specify
specified
specified
542
Sprinkle
sprinkled
sprinkled
543
Stab
stabbed
stabbed
544
Stammer
stammered
stammered
545
Stamp
stamped
stamped
546
Stare
stared
stared
547
Start
started
started
548
Starve
starved
starved
549
Stay
stayed
stayed
550
Stitch
stitched
stitched
551
Stoop
stooped
stooped
552
Stop
stopped
stopped
553
Strengthen
strengthened
strengthened
554
Submit
submitted
submitted
555
Succumb
succumbed
succumbed
556
Suck
sucked
sucked
557
Suffer
suffered
suffered
558
Suggest
suggested
suggested
559
Summon
summoned
summoned
560
Supervise
supervised
supervised
D ~A
Meaning
zOK@
zHiOK@
_K@
#uQ =\_@
=^"@
ìKK@
|^~@
O_@
LO_@
@@
=O^ =OQ@
P@
|`= K@
XyOK@
|_, =~}OK@
@
^ J#qOK@
zOK@
=#O@
~"HOK@

Z
272
Little enemies and little wounds are not to be despised.
: 94406 16425
WILL HAVE TO
XHHi q+` x XH == #O^ K =# J=~=
=O_ XH
xx QiOz zOKKO^=.
J
J
J
J
<# ~ office early Q "= LO@Ok.

g~ next week D work i K= LO@Ok.
=#= ~ "iH money pay K= LO@Ok.
= brother next year hostel stay K= LO@Ok.
"H= q+` x XH == #O^ K =# J=~=

=O_ XH
xx QiOz zOKK#q.
D qÔQ q+` x XH ==#O^ ~ , =K" ~O, =K< , =K O=`~O H

q+`x =i W`~ ==#O^## =#=H "~H~ K=# J=~=#
XHxx zOK@
"Will have to + I form of the verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=x
Subject Singular, Plural U^## "will have to"
LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1. <# next Monday Hyderabad "=
LO@Ok.
2.
I willhave to go to Hyderabad next

Monday.
" = =K " ~ O exam fee pay
6. "~ ~ g\OQ
LO@Ok.
7.
3.
We will have to pay the exam fee next

week .
g~ =~ XHi principal # consult
4.
5.
K= LO@Ok.
J== LO@Ok.
You will have to consult the principal

again.
= brother selection `~"` XH <
training O^= LO@Ok.
My brother will have to undergo
training for one month after the
selection.
P" WOHH <~A D medicine
fH= LO@Ok.
She will have to take this medicine for

one more month.
273
attend
J==
8.
They will have to attend the meeting

tomorrow.
< # D report =K " ~ O P
submit K= LO@Ok.
I will have to submit this report in the
office next week.
"= D work next week complete
9.
We will have to complete this work

next week.
"~ `~ P house vacate K =
10.
They will have to vacate that house

soon.
h= JH _ K problems face
K= LO@Ok.
LO@Ok.
K= =Ok.
You will have to face many problems

there.
11. J` _ next year K

K= LO@Ok.
hard work
He will have to work hard next year.
12. P" =K ~O_ < sH prepare

J== LO@Ok.
She will have to prepare for the exams

next two months.
13. "~ =O^Q

LO@Ok.
licence
O^=
They will have to get the licence

earlier.
14. ~ <# "iH `_Q K< "=

LO@Ok.
I will have to acompany them to
Chennai tomorrow.
15. =#= D =# =O^Q

K= LO@Ok.
solve
We will have to solve this problem

earlier.
16. "~ D business =~ ~. 5

H invest K= LO@Ok.
They will have to invest Rs. 5 lakhs in
this business.
17. =#= ~ railway station ^Q~ guests

# receive KH#= LO@Ok.
We will have to receive the guests at

the railway station tomorrow.
18. g~ = ~ JH_ =u HeOK=

LO@Ok.
You will have to provide us the
accommodation there tomorrow.
19. h= h worth
LO@Ok.
prove
K H=
You will have to prove your worth.
20. "~ ~ O_ < D K =

=O@Ok.
They will have to clear this loan in two
months.
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE

1. <# next Sunday interrew H attend
J== LO@Ok.
2. "= next year English Phonetics
<~H#= =O@Ok.
3. =#= WHg^@ K sincere Q
work K= =O@Ok.
4. = brother visa HO apply K =
=O@Ok.
5. P" =K 6 < D course i
K= =O@Ok.
6. g~ =O^Q "iH D q+O
inform K= =O@Ok.
7. <# "i` ~r _= =O@Ok.
8. =#= D q+ O JO^ i
H~O O^= =O@Ok.
9. P" lecturer post O^@ M.Phil
K= =O@Ok.
10. b "~ [O^ case K
*Q`Q deal K= =O@Ok.
11. =#= JH _ "i` Hx
q+ = adjust J==
=O@Ok.
12. q^ "@ h= English Q
<~H#= =O@Ok.
13. g~ =O^ Q Rs. 1000/KeOK= =O@Ok.
14. P" ~ guests # Q treat K
==O@Ok.
15. ~ ~+ |O^ =#O^~O #
= =O@Ok.
Z
A bird in hand is worth two in the bush.
274
: 94406 16425
NEGATIVE FORM
XHHi =#= q+` x XH ==#O^ XH~ K =# J=~=

LO_x XH xx QiOz zOKKO^=.
h= ~ WH_ ~=# J=~O ^.

g~ next month bill pay K=# J=~O ^.
=#= D i J`x depend J==# J=~O LO_^.
J`_ WH D medicine fH=# J=~O LO_^.
J
J
J
J
"H= q+` x XH == #O^ XH~ K =# J=~=

LO_x
XH xx QiOz zOKK#q.

q+` x =iW`~ == #O^# # =#= H "~H~ K =# J=~O LO_x
XH xx QiOz zOK@
"Will not have to + I form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=x
U^##
'Will not have to'
LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1. <# ~ P "=# J=~O
^.
2.
I will not have to go to office tomorrow.

" = WH g ^ @ house tax pay
3.
We will not have to pay house tax here

after.
g~ WH # Oz D problem face
4.
5.
K=# J=~O LO_^.
K=# J=~O LO_^.
You will not have to face this problem

hereafter.
= brother WH#Oz night duty H
attend J==# J=~O LO_^.
My brother will not have to attend the
night duty hereafter.
P" WH # Oz D private job
K=# J=~O LO_^.
She will not have to do this private

job hereafter.
275
6. h= ~ "iH `_ Q " = #
J=~O LO_^.
7.
You will not have to accompany them

tomorrow.
J` _ WH g ^ @ = money
O=# J=~O LO_^.
He will not have to send us money

hereafter.
8. "~ WH g ^ @ WH _ ~= #
J=~O LO_^.
They will not have to come here
hereafter.
9. <# WHg^@ J`x

P^~_
=#
J=~O^.
I won't have to depend on him
hereafter.
10. " = WH g ^ @ J` x O
H~=# J=~O ^.
We won't have to seek his help
hereafter.
11. g~ WH #Oz J`xH _=

#
J=~O^.
You won't have to fear to him
hereafter.
12. P" next two

"#=~O^.
weeks college
She won't have to go to college next

two weeks.
13. "~ ~ JH _
J=~O ^.
K = #
stay
They won't have to stay there

tomorrow.
14. <# WH D
J=~O^.
medicine
fH=#
I won't have to take this medicine

hereafter.
15. "= =~ J`xx H=#=~O^.

We won't have to meet him again.
16. h= < ^^ remind K#=~O

^.
You will not have to remind me again
and again.
17. J`_ WH Z=ih

J=~O^.
care
K=#
He won't have to care anyone

hereafter.
18. P" ` # pass Q iOz

H#=~O^.
worry
She won't have to worry about her

pass.
19. "~ nexttime =

K#=~O =O_^.
support
They won't have to support us next

time.
20. g~ ~ = HO
J=~O =O_^.
wait
K=#
You won't have to wait for us
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE

1. < # ~ leave apply K = #
J=~O LO_^.
2. g~ WH = help K#=~O^.
3. P# WH ==# +OK=#
J=~O =O_^.
4. P" ~ =` Nellore
~#=~O^.
5. "~ WH = Ug pay K=#
J=~O LO_^.
6. <# =~ test prepare J==#
J=~O^.
7. " = ~ Maths class H attend
J==# J=~O^.
8. g~ = JH _ = u
HeOK#=~O^.
9. J` _ ~ document sign
K=# J=~O^.
10. P" WH notes prepare K=#
J=~O^.
11. "= D < WOH Ug H#=#
J=~O =O_^.
12. = brother H <# next month #O_
money O=# J=~O =O_^.
13. "~ WH #Oz electricity bill pay
K=# J=~O =O_^.
14. g~ WH WH_ ~#=~O =O_^.
15. J`_ =~ "i permission fH#
=# J=~O =O_^.
tomorrow.
Barking dogs seldom bite.
Z
276
: 94406 16425
QUESTION FORM
XHHi q+` x XH ==#O^ =#= K =# J=~=
O_
XH xx QiOz tOKKO^=.
h= ~ g T~ "= LO@O^ ?
g~ next Sunday test "= LO@O^ ?
J`_ ~ Manager # consult J== LO@O^ ?
P" =~ WH_ ~= LO@O^ ?
J
J
J
J
"H= q+` x XH ==#O^ =#= K =# J=~=

O_
XH xx QiOz tOK@# zOKK#q.
D q^=Q q+` x XH == #O^, ~ , =K" ~O, =K< H q+` x

=iW`~ ==#O^## =#= H "~H~ K=# J=~=# XH xx
zOK@
"Will + have to + I form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note : I, We, subject Q L#_ 'Shall + have to' LyOK=#.

You, He, She, It, They Subject Q L#_ 'Will + have to' LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1. < # ~ =~ WH _ ~=
LO@O^?
2.
3.
4.
5.
Shall I have to come here again ?

=#= next week exam fee pay
K= LO@O^?
Shall we have to pay exam fee next

week ?
g~ next week s H~H==
participate K= LO@O^?
Will you have to participate in the
party programme next week ?
g brother next month Hyderabad
training O^= =O@O^ ?
Will your brother have to undergo
training in Hyderabad next week ?
"~ =K < loan clear K=
=O@O^ ?
Will they have to clear the loan next

month ?
277
6. h= WH #Oz g business
KH#==O@O^ ?
7.
Will you have to look after your

business hereafter ?
P" next year university
8.
Will she have to study in the university

next year ?
h= ~ g parents `_Q g T~
9.
Will you have to accompany your

parents to your village tomorrow ?
P" next month _ D medicine
10.
Will she have to take this medicine

next month also ?
"~ ~ JH_ guests # receive
K^===O@O^ ?
"==O@O^ ?
fH#==O@O^ ?
KH#==O@O^ ?
Will they have to receive the guests

there tomorrow ?
EXERCISE
'Wh' QUESTIONS
11. ~ =#= magager # ZH_

J===O@Ok ?
12.
13.
14.
consult
Where shall we have to consult the

Manager tomorrow ?
=#= D loan ZC_ clear K =
=O@Ok ?
When shall we have to clear this loan?

g~ WOH Zx ~A classes
attend J===O@Ok ?
Howmany more days will you have to
attend the classes ?
h= =~ Chennai Z C _
"==O@Ok ?
16.
When will you have to go to Chennai

again ?
"~ ~ JH _ meeting Uq
discuss K= =O@Ok ?
What will they have to discuss in the
meeting tomorrow ?
=#= =O^Q ZO` amount deposit
17.
Howmuch amount shall we have to

deposit first ?
Degree `~"` g brother U course
18.
Which course will your brother have

to do after Degree ?
h= D college WOH Zx O=`~
15.
19.
20.
: 94406 16425
K= =O@Ok ?
K= =O@Ok ?
K^===O@Ok ?
Howmany more years will you have

to study in this college ?
g brother army WOH Zx
O=`~ work K = =O@Ok?
Howmany more years will your brother
have to work in the army ?
Orders HO =#= WOH Zx ~A
wait K= =O@Ok ?
Howmany more days shall we have
to wait for the orders ?

1. < # ~ duty H attend J==
=O@O^ ?
2. " = =~ manager # consult
J== =O@O^ ?
3. =#= D work D ~* finish
K= =O@O^ ?
4. g~ next month D house Mm
K= =O@O^ ?
5. J`_ =~ ~ WH_ ~=
=O@O^ ?
6. P" certificates enclose K=
=O@O^?
7. "~ ~ penalty K e O K =
=O@O^ ?
8. g~ next June entrance test
appear J== =O@O^?
9. J`_ ~A 10 QO@ xK =
=O@O^ ?
10. P" next year hostel stay
K= =O@O^ ?
11. "~ D report ZH_ submit K
==O@Ok ?
12. g~ D course ZO` donation pay
K= =O@Ok?
13. =#= JH_H =~ ZC_ "=

=O@Ok ?
14. =#= Delhi K~ H#@ train Zx
~A }O K= =O@Ok ?
15. " e QO_ project construction i
K@ Zx crores Y~ K=
=O@Ok.
Appearances are often deceptive.
Z
278
: 94406 16425

XHHi =#= W`~ ` =\_ K#C _ q+` XH~ K =# J=~O
=O_x XH xx QiOz negative sense tOKKO^=.
h= ~ leave apply K=# J=~=O_^?

g~ rent pay K=# J=~O =O_^?
J`_ D O=`~O hostel LO_=# J=~OLO_^?
"~ D O=`~O =~ licence O^=# J=~O=O_^?
J
J
J
J
"H= q+` XH~ K =# J=~=

O_x ## zOKK#q.
D q^=Q q+` XH ==#O^ J#Q ~ , =K" ~O, =K <, =K O=`~=

H q+` x =i W`~ ==#O^# # =#= H "~H~ K =# J=~=
x XH xx QiOz negative sense tOK@# zOK@
"Won't + have to + I form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=x
Subject I, We J~#C_ "Shalln't have to" LyOK=#.
Subject He, She, It, They J~#C_ "Won't have to " LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1. h= ~ JH _ "ix H == #
J=~O=O_^?
6. h= next month g brother H

O=# J=~O=O_^?
2.
Won't you have to meet them there

tomorrow?
g~ next week report submit
7. g~ WH WH_ ~=# J=~O

=O_^?
3.
Won't you have to submit the report

next week?
J` _ next year donation pay
K=# J=~O=O_^?
K=# J=~O=O_^?
Won't he have to pay donation next

year?
4. P" tH } O^ = # J= ~ O
=O_^?
5.
Won't she have to under go training?

"~ next time amount deposit
K=# J=~O=O_^?
Won't they have to deposit the amount

next time ?
279
money
Won't you have to send money to your

brother next month?
Won't you have to come here

hereafter?
8. J`_ ~ "iH `_Q "=#

J=~O=O_^?
Won't he have to accompany them
tomorrow?
9. "~ WH J`x
P^~_
=
# J=~O
=O_^?
Won't they have to depend on him

hereafter?
10. g~ WH "i` KiOK=# J=~O

=O_^ ?
Won't you have to discuss with them
hereafter?
: 94406 16425
'Wh' QUESTIONS
EXERCISE
11. h= entrance test coaching

fH=# J=~O ZOÔ_^?
12.
Why won't you have to take coaching

for the entrance test?
g~ next time bill pay K=#
13.
Why won't you have to pay the bill next

time?
J`_ job H try K=# J=~O
14.
J=~O ZOÔ_^?
ZOÔ_^?
Why won't he have to try for a job?

P" WH g^ @ doctor # consult
J==# J=~O ZO^=O_^?

Why won't she have to consult the
doctor hereafter?
15. "~ WH g ^ @ WH _ LO_ = #

J=~O ZOÔ_^?
16.
Why won't they have to stay here

hereafter?
h= "i permission fH#=#
J=~O ZO^^?
Why won't you have to take their

permission?
17. g~ WHg^@ g T~ "=#

J=~O ZO^=O_^ ?
Why won't you have to go to your
village hereafter?
18. P" WH#Oz "i O H~=#

J=~O ZOÔ_^?
19.
Why won't she have to seek their help

hereafter?
"~ ~ duty H attend J== #
J=~O ZOÔ_^?
Why won't they have to attend the duty

tomorrow?
1. h= ~ office "=# J=~O

^?
2. g~ ~ programme #=#
J=~O^ ?
3. J`_ =~ WH_ ~#=~O^ ?
4. P" WH medicine fH#=~O^?
5. "~ WH qye# instalments pay
K#=~O^ ?
6. h= books H#=# J=~O^ ?
7. g~ ` H O Q P s H prepare
H#=~O ^ ?
8. P# D document
sign K =#
J=~O^ ?
9. P" Di @ LO_=#
J=~O=O_^ ?
10. "~ D O =` ~ O practicals
K=# J=~O^ ?
11. h= ~ study class H ZO^ attend
H#=~O^ ?
12. g~ =K < bill ZO^ pay
K#=~O^ ?
13. P" WH "iO\ ZO^ xK
e#
J=~O =O_^ ?
14. "~ WH P game ZO^ practise
K=# J=~O=O_^ ?
15. g~ WH #Oz J` x H money
O=# J=~O ZOÔ_^ ?
Z
Self help is the best help.
280
: 94406 16425
REVISION
=#= D ~A Uq <~<= ?
D ~A =#= =# Spoken English Course 'Will have to' QiOz <~<=.
1.
POSITIVE FORM :
q+`x XH ==#O^ K=# J=~=O_ XH xx QiOz

zOK@ "Will have to + I form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
2.
1. I will have to work hard next year.

2. We will have to face this problem one more year.
3. He will have to undergo training next month.
4. They will have to pay the bill tomorrow.
NEGATIVE FORM :
q+` x XH ==#O^ K =# J=~=

O_x XH xx QiOz
negative sense zOK@ "Will not have to + I form of the Verb " L
yOK
=#.
Ex :
3.
1. I will not have to meet him there tomorrow.

2. We will not have to take risk hereafter.
3. He will not have to do any job hereafter.
4. They will not have to make arrangements for us.
QUESTION FORM :
q+` x XH ==#O^ XH~ K =# J=~=

O_ XH xx QiOz
tOK@# zOK@ "Will have to + I form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
4.
1. Will you have to enclose the certificates?

2. Will you have to receive the guests tomorrow?
3. Will he have to explain to them this matter again?
4. Will they have to vacate this house next month?
q+` x XH ==#O^ K =# J=~=

O_x XH xx QiOz
negative sense tOK@# zOK@ "Won't have to + I form of the Verb
" LyOK=#.
Ex :
281
1.
2.
3.
4.
Won't you have to clear this loan?

Won't you have to pay any donation?
Won't he have to resign to this post?
Won't they have to vacate this house next month?
: 94406 16425

I Form
II Form
III Form
561.
Surprise
surprised
surprised
562.
Surrender
surrendered
surrendered
563.
Survive
survived
survived
564.
Suspect
suspected
suspected
565.
Swallow
swallowed
swallowed
566.
Swirl
swirled
swirled
567.
Tackle
tackled
tackled
568.
Talk
talked
talked
569.
Tease
teased
teased
570.
Thank
thanked
thanked
571.
Threaten
threatened
threatened
572.
Tie
tied
tied
573.
Tire
tired
tired
574.
Tolerate
tolerated
tolerated
575.
Toss
tossed
tossed
576.
Touch
touched
touched
577.
Transfer
transfered
transfered
578.
Translate
translated
translated
579.
Travel
travelled
travelled
580.
Treat
treated
treated
D ~A
Meaning
P~~K@
Oy=@
|uHO_@
J#=#_@
qOQ@
y~y~u~Q@
=oOK@
=\_@
kOK@
H$`[``@
kiOK@
H@@
J@KO^@
OK@, F~H#@
<}= ZQ~"@
`@
=iH K\H=~@
J#=kOK@
}= K@
PîOK, zH` K
@

Z
282
Donot rely on others for everything.
: 94406 16425
WANT TO
XHHi =#= W`~ ` =\_ K#C _

` =
K =#x J#H#K#
J
J
J
J
<# computer course join J==## O@<#.

"= D town business start K#O@<=.
= brother D O=`~O USA "x J#O@<_.
P" BL K#O@#k.
"H= Ò XH~ K=#x J#H#K# # QiOz zOK

K#q.
D q^=Q ` O =#= =\_ K# ==# D ~A, D <, D O=`~O =#=

H "~H~ K=#x J#H#K# XH xx QiOz zOK@
"Want to + I form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=
Subject- I, We, You, They Q L#_ 'Want to' LyOK=#.
He, She, It, - Subject Q L#_ 'Wants to' LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1. < # D ~A < ~ " x
J#O@<#.
2.
I want to go to Nellore today.

"= D town < settle
3.
We want to settle down in this town.

= brother D O=`~O MBA join
4.
My brother wants to join MBA this

year.
= brother D O=`~O USA
5.
My brother wants to go to the USA this

year.
"~ K< business start Kx
J#O@<=.
J"x
J"x J#O@<_.
"#O@<_.
J#O@<~.
They want to start business in

Chennai.
283
6. <# Group-I sH appear J"#

O@<#.
7.
I want to appear for Group-I

examinations.
"= D O=`~O house H<#
O@<=.
8. P" D O=`~O
J#O@#k.
9.
10.
B.L.
K x
She wants to do B.L. this year.

We want to buy a house this year.
P" D O=`~O Guntur M.Sc.
K^"x J#O@#k.
She wants to study M.Sc in Guntur

this year.
"~ D i Annual day K grand
Q celebrate K# O@<~.
They want to celebrate annual day
very grand this year.
11. N KO^| =~ O #O_

JOcH \ K#O@<~.
12.
Sri Chandra Babu wants to contest

to the Assembly from Kuppam again.
= brother Di teacher post H try
Kx J#O@<_.
My brother wants to try for the teacher

post this time.
13. < # " HxH WO[h~ J"x

J#O@<#.
14.
I want to become a mechanical

engineer.
= sister B.Ed entrance test appear
15.
My sister wants to appear for B.Ed

entrance test.
"~ D < <~ branch open
16.
They want to open a branch in Nellore

this month.
<# D "~O = native place H "x
17.
I want to go to my native place this

week.
= father ` # job H resign
18.
My father wants to resign to his job.

"~ D < D house vacate K
x
19.
They want to vacate this house this

month.
"= D < u~= visit Kx
20.
We want to visit Tirumala this month.

<# D q+O = friend H help
J"x J#O@#k.
Kx J#O@<~.
J#O@<#.
K#O@<~.
J#O@<~.
J#O@<=.
Kx J#O@<#.
I want to help my friend in this matter.
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE

1. < # D i EAMCET coaching
fH"x J#O@<#.
2. "= Ò English <~H"x
J#O@<=.
3. = brother car H<#HO@<_.
4. P" Di function H JOîh invite
Kx J#O@#k.
5. "~ D ~A D q+O serious Q
discuss Kx J#O@<~.
6. <# D ~A bank #O_ money draw
Kx J#O@<#.
7. = father D"~O rest fH"x
J#O@<~.
8. P" D "~O leave apply Kx
J#O@#k.
9. "= D < Bangalore visit K
#
O@<=.
10. "~ D O shopping complex
construct K#O@<~.
11. <# D ~A "iH D q+O inform
Kx J#O@<#.
12. "= D < lessons Jh revise
K#O@<=.
13. P" K< eye specialist # H"#
O@#k.
14. "~ D~A =Ô shopping
K#O@<~.
15. <# Di Q\ x~
O fH"x
J#O@<#.
Jack of all trades, master of none.
284
: 94406 16425
NEGATIVE FORM
XHHi =#=

` =
XH == #O^ K =#x J#H#x XHx
x
QiOz zOKKO^=.
J
J
J
J
<# D O=`~O D Hl K^" # H=_O ^ .

"= Ò WH_ stay K#H=_O ^.
= father D business continue K#H=_O ^.
P" D function "ix invite K# H=_O ^.
"H= =#= `= XH == #O^ K=#x J#H#x XHxx

QiOz zOKK#q.
D q^=Q ` O =#= =\_ K# ==# D ~A, D <, D O=`~O =#=

H "~H~ K=#x J#H#K# XH xx QiOz zOK@
"Don't / Doesn't + want to + I form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=x
I, We, You, They Subject Q L#_ 'Donot want to' LyOK=#.
He, She, It, - Subject Q L#_ 'Does not want to' LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1. <# WH_ time waste K
#H=_O
^.
I don't want to waste my time here.
2. "= J`x q+O *HO KH"

#H=@O ^.
We don't want to interefere in his
matter.
3. = brother opportunity x
KH"#H=@O^.
miss
My brother doesnot want to miss the

opportunity.
4. P" studies continue K

#H=@O
^.
She doesnot want to continue her
studies.
5. J`_ job K#H=@O ^.

He doesnot want to do job.
285
6. "~ Z= amount business invest

K#H=@O^.
They don't want to invest much
amount on business.
7. <# D HOh
^.
join
J"#H=@O
I don't want to join this company.
8. "= D town settle J"#H=@O

^.
We don't want to settle down in this
town.
9. P" WH_ stay K

#H=@O ^ .
She doesnot want to stay here.
10. "~ D q+ O J` x H
K#H=_O^.
help
They don't want to help him in this

matter.
11. P" D O=`~O birthday celebrate

K#H=_O^.
She doesnot want to celebrate her
birthday this year.
12. "= D ~A P function H

J"#H=_O^.
attend
We don't want to attend that function

today.
13. < # D < ==~ " x

J#H=_O^.
I don't want to go to my village this
month.
14. P" D O=`~O Hl join J"x

J#H=_O^.
She doesnot want to join college this
year.
15. "~ Di \~" O\ x~OKx

J#H=_O^.
They don't want to conduct the
tournments this time.
16. < Di competition <x

^.
I don't want to participate in the
competitions this time.
17. "= Di J`x O H~x

J#H=_O^.
We don't want to seek his help this
time.
18. J` _ D ~A =` ~"x
J#H=@O ^.
He doesnot want to come with us
today.
19. P# Di ZxH \ K
x
J#H=@O ^.
He doesnot want to contest in the
elections this time.
20. "~ Di
J#H=_O^.
risk
f H"x
They don't want to take risk this time.
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE

1. < # D ~A "o O \ H " x
J#H=@O ^.
2. "= D i P hotel stay K
x
J#H=@O^.
3. J`_ D ~A =` picnic ~"x
J#H=@O ^.
4. P" D i function H "ix invite
Kx J#H=@O ^.
5. "~ D i J` x
fH"#H=@O ^.
6. <# D college K^"#H=@O
^.
7. "= D books follow J"# H=@O
^.
8. "= D train }O Kx
J#H=@O^.
9. = brother D i B.Ed. entrance
coaching fH"x J#H=@O^.
10. <# D ~A computer class H attend
J"#H=@O ^.
11. "= D i ZxH P sH vote
"x J#H=@O ^.
12. P" # H H O x
J#H=@O ^.
13. "= q=# W|Ok @=#x
J#H=@O^.
14. " = J` x q+ O interefere
J"#H=@O ^.
15. J` _ h x K x
J#H=@O^.
There is a thorn behind every rose.
286
: 94406 16425
QUESTION FORM
XHHi =#= W`~ ` =\_ K#C _

` =
K =#x J#H#K#
XH xx QiOz tOK KO^=.
g~ = Mysore visit Kx J#O@<~?

h= D "~O computer course join J"x J#O@<"?
P" Ò g office job Kx J#O@#^?
"~ D< tour "x J#O@<~?
J
J
J
J
"H= `= K=#x J#H#K# XH xx QiOz tOK@#

zOKK#q.
D q^=Q ` O =#= =\_ K# ==# D ~A, D <, D O=`~O =#=

H "~H~ K=#x J#H#K# XH xx QiOz tOK@# zOK@
"Do/Does + want to + I form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=x
I, We, You, They - Subject Q L#_ 'Do + want to' LyOK=#.
He, She, It, - Subject Q L#_ 'Does + want to' LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1. h= D O=`~O
J#H#K<"?
B.L.
K x
6. h= lawyer J"#HO@<"?
Do you want to become a lawyer?
2.
Do you want to do B.L. this year?

g~ Hyderabad settle J"#H#
7. g~ D ~A '=~O x= K_x
J#O@<~?
3.
Do you want to settle down in

Hyderabad ?
g brother WH _ business start
8.
Do you want to see the film "Varsham"

today?
P# D ~A leave apply Kx
4.
Does your brother want to start

business here?
P" D O=`~O hostel stay
9.
Does he want to apply for leave

today?
P" Group-I s H HzOQ
10.
Does she want to take coaching for

the Group - I exam?
"~ K<H train travel Kx
5.
K<~?
K#O@<_?
Kx J#HO@#^?
Does she want to stay in the hostel

this year ?
"~ D < new house xH shift
J"x J#O@<~?
Do they want to shift to the new house

this month?
287
J#O@<_?
fH"x J#O@#^?
J#O@<~?
Do they want to travel to Chennai by

train?
: 94406 16425
'Wh' QUESTIONS
EXERCISE
11. h= D O=`~O ZH_ K^"x

J#O@<=?
12.
Where do you want to study this year?

g~ manager x Z C _ consult
13.
When do you want to consult the

Manager ?
h= D = U course
14.
Which course do you want to do in

these holidays ?
g~ D i summer holidays ZH_
15.
Where do you want to spend your

summer holidays this time?
g brother job H ZO^ resign
16.
Why does your brother want to resign

to his job?
P" W C _ D shop Uq
J"x J#O@<~?
K#O@<=?
Q_ x J#O@<~ ?
K#HO@<_ ?
H<#O@#k ?
What does she want to buy in the

shop now ?
17. J`_ D q+O Z=i O

fH"x J#O@<_?
18.
19.
20.
Whose help does he want to seek in

this matter ?
"~ ZH_ settle J"x J#O@
<~?
Where do they want to settle down?

g~ D~A marriage bride H Uq
present K#H#K<~?
What do you want to present to the
bride in the marriage today?
J` _ W C _ Hyderabad Z
K~#O@<_ ?
How does he want to reach Hyderabd

now ?
1. g~ D ~A Mourya Hotel dinner

fH"x J#O@<~ ?
2. h= D "~O computer course join
J"x J#O@<" ?
3. g brother govt. job H try Kx
J#O@<_ ?
4. P" D < necklace H<x
J#O@#^?
5. "~ D O=`~O QO@~ house
construct Kx J#O@<~?
6. h= _ =` D room stay
Kx J#O@<"?
7. g~ students H D summer holidays
tour organize K x
J#O@<~?
8. g parents x# central school admit
Kx J#O@<~?
9. P# High court lawyer Q practice
Kx J#O@<~?
10. P" nursing school x~ OKx
J#O@#^ ?
11. h= W C _ D job ZO^ =ke
"x J#O@<= ?
12. g~ Ò U place visit K#
O@<~ ?
13. J` _ Delhi Z C _ " x
J#O@<_ ?
14. g~ D problem Z solve K#
O@<~?
15. g mother D ~A guests U special
item ` ~ K x J# O@
<~ ?
Money is a good servant but a bad master.
288
: 94406 16425

XHHi =#= W`~ ` =\_ K#C _

` O XH~ K =#x J#H#x
XH xx QiOz negative sense tOKKO^=.
h= D O=`~= D college K^"#H=@O ^?

g~ D q+O "i` KiOK# H=@O ^ ?
J`_ D O=`~= job K#H=@O ^?
"~ WHg^@ D business K#H=@O ^?
J
J
J
J
"H= Ò XH~ K=#x J#H#x ## tOK@# zOK

K#q.
D q^=Q `= D~A, D"~O, D <, D O=`~= =#= H "~H~

K =#x J#H#x XH xx QiOz negative sense t OK@# QiOz zOK@
"Don't + Doesn't + want to + I form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Note : "H=x
Subject I, We, You, They J~#C_ "Don't + want to" LyOK=#.
Subject He, She, It J~#C_ "Doesn't + want to " LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1. h= D O=`~O
J#H=@O^?
college
K ~ x
2.
Don't you want to join college this year?

"~ D i test H appear
3.
Don't they want to appear for the test

this time?
J`_ Ò job HO try K#
4.
Doesn't he want to try for a job at

present?
P" D O=`~O studies continue
5.
J"#H=@O^?
H=@O^?
K#H=@O^?
Doesn't she want to continue her

studies this year?
"~ D O=`~O Annual Day celebrate
K#H=@O^?
Don't they want to celebrate the Annual

Day this year?
289
6. h= D~A =`
~"#H=@O^?
party
7.
Don't you want to come to the party

with us today?
g~ WH P company work K
#
8.
Don't you want to work in that company

hereafter ?
h= D q+ O J` x H help
H=@O^?
K#H=@O^ ?
Don't you want to help him in this

matter ?
9. g~ J`x` D q+O KiOK#

H=@O^?
10.
Don't you want to discuss this matter

with him ?
g~ D~A WH _ stay K #
H=@O^?
Don't you want to stay here today?
: 94406 16425
'Wh' QUESTIONS
EXERCISE
11. h= D O=`~O D college ZO^

K^"#H=@O^?
12.
Why don't you want to study in this

college this year?
g~ D town ZO^ settle J"#
H=@O^?
13.
Why don't you want to settle down in

this town?
J`_ Di seminar ZO^
14.
Why doesn't he want to participate in

the seminar this time?
P" D party H "ix ZO^ invite
15.
16.
<#H=@O^ ?
K#H=@O^?
Why doesn't she want to invite them

to this party?
"~ D ~A programme ZO^
conduct K#H=@O^?
Why don't they want to conduct the
programme today?
h= XH govt. employee J"x ZO^
J#H=@O^?
Why don't you want to become a govt.

employee?
17. P# Di ZxH ZO^ \

K#H=@O^ ?
19.
Why doesn't he want to contest in the

elections this time?
h= ZO^ bike H<#H=@O^?
Why don't you want to buy a bike?
h= g friends ` ZO^ tour
20.
Why don't you want to go on tour with

your friends?
h= P new movie ZO^
18.
"#H=@O^?
K_#H=@O^?
Why don't you want to see that new

movie?
1. h= Hindi <~H"#H=@O^?
2. g~ D~A friendly cricket match
P_#H=@O^?
3. J`_ "i O H~#H=@O
^?
4. P" J`x
complaint K
#H=@O
^?
5. "~ J` x H D q+ O inform
K#H=@O^?
6. g~ Di P @ stay K#
H=@O^?
7. h= "i \OK#H=@O^?
8. g~ D game practise K #
H=@O^?
9. P# Di "i P^~_
=
#x
J#H=@O^?
10. P" doctor # consult J"x
J#H=@O^?
11. Di h= ZO^ F@ "#
H=@O^?
12. g~ P bank account ZO^ open
K#H=@O^?
13. g~ D~A meeting H ZO^
~"#H=@O^?
14. J`_ D train ZO^ }O
K#H=@O^?
15. "~ P < ~ _ ZO^ K ~
fH"#H=@O^?
Z
Donot lose your self - respect.
290
: 94406 16425
REVISION
=#= D ~A Uq <~<= ?
D~A =#= =# Spoken English Course 'Want to' QiOz <~<=. nx
=#= 1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form 4. Negative Question Form
1.
POSITIVE FORM :

` =
=#= K =#x J#H#K# XH xx QiOz zOK@ " Want
to + I form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
1.
2.
3.
4.
I want to buy a scooter this month.

We want to help him now.
He wants to join M.C.A. this year.
She wants to stay with us.
2.
NEGATIVE FORM :
`= =#= K=#x J#H#x XH xx QiOz zOK@ "Do not /

Does not + want to + I form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
1.
2.
3.
4.
I do not want to seek his help in this matter.

We do not want to interefere in his matter.
He does not want to do job at present.
She does not want to continue her studies.
3.
QUESTION FORM :
`= =#= K=#x J#H#K# XH xx QiOz tOK@#

zOK@ " Do / Does + want to + I form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
1.
2.
3.
4.
Do you want to study in Hyd. this year?

Do you want to learn Hindi?
Does he want to do M.B.A this year?
Does she want to appear for the I-CET?
4.
`= =#= K=#x J#H#x XH xx QiOz negative sense

tOK@# zOK@ "Don't / Doesn't + want to + I form of the Verb "
LyOK =#.
Ex :
291
1.
2.
3.
4.
Don't you want to come with us?

Don't you want to stay with them?
Doesn't he want to join college this year?
Doesn't she want to go on tour with them?
: 94406 16425

I Form
II Form
III Form
581.
Try
tried
tried
582.
Tuck
tucked
tucked
583.
Turn
turned
turned
584.
Twirl
twirled
twirled
585.
Unite
united
united
586.
Urge
urged
urged
587.
Use
used
used
588.
Utilise
utilised
utilised
589.
Utter
uttered
uttered
590.
Vacate
vacated
vacated
591.
Vanish
vanished
vanished
592.
Vary
varied
varied
593.
Verify
verified
verified
594.
Violate
violated
violated
595.
Visit
visited
visited
596.
Vomit
vomitted
vomitted
597.
Wait
waited
waited
598.
Walk
walked
walked
599.
Warm
warmed
warmed
600.
Wash
washed
washed
D ~A
Meaning
uOK
xH^@
u~Q, uC@
y~y~ u~Q@
XH\QK@
~OK@
LyOK@
LQ~K@
@
MmK@
J^$=Q@
^=K@
x~OK@
JuHqOK@
OîOK@
"Ou KH#@
"zO_@
#_K@
KiOK@
=K @

Z
292
There is a thorn behind every rose.
: 94406 16425
WANTED TO
XHHi =#= QÒ x XH == #O^ K =#x J#Hx# XHx

x
QiOz zOKKO^=.
<# x# h phone Kx J#Hx<#.

"= last week friendly match P_x J#Hx<=.
J`_ Q` ZxH \ Kx J#Hx<_.
P" last year M.A. join J"x J#Hx#k.
J
J
J
J
"H= =#= QÒx XH == #O^ K=#x J#Hx# XHxx

QiOz zOKK#q.
DqÔQ QÒ x XH ==#O^ x#, Q` "~O, Q`< , Q` O=`~O H QÒ x

U W`~ ==#O^## =#= H "~H~ K=#x J#Hx# XH xx QiOz
zOK@
"Wanted to + I form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=x
U^## 'Wanted to' LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1. <# x# x# H"x J#<#.
2.
I wanted to meet you yesterday.

"= last Sunday picnic "x
3.
We wanted to go on a picnic last

Sunday.
= brother last month vehicle H<x
4.
5.
J#<=.
7.
8.
J#<_.
My brother wanted to buy a vehicle

last month.
= sister x# competition
participate Kx J#Hx#k.
My sister wanted to participate in the
competition yesterday.
"~ x# JH_ work start Kx
J#<~.
They wanted to start the work there

yesterday.
293
6. <# last time J`x O H~x

J#<#.
I wanted to seek his help last time.
"= "ix x# consult J=^=x
J#<=.
We wanted to consult them yesterday.

= father = brother x last year
central school admit K x
J#<~.
9.
My father wantd to admit my brother

to central school last year.
P" last summer painting
10.
She wanted to learn painting last

summer.
"~ last week cards distribute
<~H"x J##k.
Kx J#<~.
They wanted to distribute the cards

last week.
11. < # x# J` x H
J#<#.
12.
letter
" x
I wanted to write a letter to him

yesterday.
"= last Sunday office meeting
x~OKx J#<=.
We wanted to conduct a meeting in

the office last Sunday.
13. "= x# s ~b x~OKx

J#<=.
14.
15.
We wanted to organise a huge ralley

yesterday.
" = =O^ Q< "iH inform
Kx J#<=.
We wanted to inform them earlier.

= friend last time student union
elections \ K
x J#<_ .
My friend wanted to contest in the
student union elections last time.
16. P" x# =` WH _H ~"x

J##k.
17.
She wanted to come here with us

yesterday.
"= last week farewell party celebrate
Kx J#<=.
We wanted to celebrate the farewell

party last week.
18. <# x# P H~ q=~ `H"x

J#<#.
19.
20.
I wanted to know the details of that

course yesterday.
"= last month holidays = =i
Q_ x J#<=.
We wanted to spend our holidays at

our village last month.
"~ last year D temple H ^ amount
donate Kx J#<~.
They wanted to donate a big amount
to this temple last year.
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE

1. <# x# = native place H "x
J#<#.
2. " = last month new shop open
Kx J#<=.
3. NTR JC_ '~`^
O s U~@
Kx J#Hx<~.
4. P" MLA seat try K x
J#Hx#k.
5. "~ last year Hyderabad H family shift
Kx J#Hx<~.
6. < # last Sunday Tirumala visit
Kx J#Hx<#.
7. "= last month computer course
K~x J#Hx<=.
8. = brother last time bank loan H apply
Kx J#Hx<_.
9. P" x# function H JOîh invite
Kx J#Hx#k.
10. "~ last year D town house
H<x J#Hx<~.
11. < # last month L.I.C. policy
fH"#<#.
12. "= J`x collector H complaint
K#<=.
13. J` _ actual Q doctor J"x
J#<_.
14. P" ~u = WO\ stay Kx
J#Hx#k.
15. "~ x# meeting boycott Kx
J#<~.
All roads lead to Rome.
Z
294
: 94406 16425
NEGATIVE FORM
XHHi =#= QÒ x XH == #O^ K =#x J#H#x XHx
x
QiOz zOKKO^=.
<# x# P function H attend J"x J#H#^.

"= last week = native place H "#H^.
J`_ JC_ job Kx J#H^.
P" last year college join J"x J#H^.
J
J
J
J
"H= =#= QÒx XH == #O^ K=#x J#H#x XHxx

QiOz zOKK#q.

W`~ ==#O^## =#= H "~H~ K=#x J#H#x XH xx QiOz
zOK@
"Did not want to + I form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=x
U^##
'Did not want to' LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1. < # x# JH _ "ix H "x
J#H^.
2.
I did not want to meet them there

yesterday.
"= last week = =~ "x
6. < # x# office H
K#H^.
7.
I did not want to apply for leave to the

office yesterday.
" = J last time "iH help
3.
We did not want to go to our village

last week.
= brother J C _ job K x
8.
We did not want to help them last time.

= father last week "iH money
4.
My brother did not want to do job then.

P" x# function H "ix invite
5.
She did not want to invite them to the

function yesterday.
"~ last month P house vacate
J#H^.
J#H^.
Kx J#H^.
Kx J#H^.
They did not want to vacate that

house last month.
295
leave apply
Kx J#H^.
W"x J#H^.
My father did not want to give them

money last week.
9. " = x# J` x ` Pq+ O
=\_x J#H^.
10.
We did not want to talk to him that

matter yesterday.
< # ~ u "o O \ stay K x
J#H^.
I did not want to stay in their house

last night.
11. "~ J C _ P
J#H^.
house
H#= # x
EXERCISE
12.
They did not want to buy that house

then.
= sister last year exam H appear
J"x J#H^.
1.
13.
My sister did not want to appear for

the exams last year.
J`_ last time ZxH \ K
x
2.
14.
He did not want to contest in the

elections last time.
= cousin last year studies continue
J#H^.
Kx J#H^.
My cousin did not want to continue

his studies last year.
15. "~ x# P \ # = # x
J#H^.
They did not want to participate in
the competition yesterday.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
16. < # x# J` x q+ O *H O
KH"x J#H^.
8.
9.
17.
I did not want to interefere in his

mattter yesterday.
Last Sunday " = "i` match
18.
We did not want to play the match

with them last Sunday.
< # x# "i` picnic " x
19.
20.
P_x J#H^.
J#H^.
I did not want to go on picnic with them

yesterday.
"= last time J`x ^Q~ money JC
Kx J#H^.
We did not want to borrow money

from him last time.
"~ last time D q+O J`x
depend J"x J#H^.
They did not want to depend on him
in this matter last time.
: 94406 16425
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Degree `~"`
<# studies continue

Kx J#H^.
"= last time "i O H~x
J#H^.
J`_ J JC_ P job HO try
Kx J#H^.
P" J teacher J"x J#H^.
"~ XHC_ D town x=tOKx
J#H^.
<# last time "i` town H "x
J#H^.
" = x# JH _ J` x x H "x
J#H^.
J`_ last year D college join
J"x J#H^.
P" last year birth day celebrate
KH"x J#H^.
"~ J C _ JH _ P q+ O
KiOKx J#H^.
<# JC_ "i \OKx
J#H^.
" = x# JH _ time waste
K^KH^.
<# x# D q+" J`xx request
Kx J#H^.
= cousin last time =` stay
Kx J#H^.
"= x# D q+O "iH inform
Kx J#H^.
Knowledge is power.
296
: 94406 16425
QUESTION FORM
XHHi =#= QÒ x XH == #O^ K =#x J#Hx# XHx
x
QiOz tOKKO^=.
J
J
J
J
h= x# "ix H"x J#<"?

g~ last month P house vacate Kx J#<~?
g brother last year U.S.A. "x J#<_?
P" last year M.C.A. join J"x J##^?
"H= =#= QÒx XH == #O^ K=#x J#Hx# XHxx

tOK@# QiOz zOK K#q.

U W`~ ==#O^## =#= H "~H~ K=#x J#Hx# XH xx QiOz
tOK@
"Did + want to + I form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=x
Subject Singular, Plural U^## 'Did + want to' LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1. h= x# J`xH
J#<"?
2.
3.
4.
5.
telegram
Ox
Did you want to send him the telegram

yesterday?
g~ last Sunday Quiz competition
participate Kx J#<~?
Did you want to participate in the quiz
competition last Sunday?
J`_ last time Chairman ^qH \
Kx J#<_?
Did he want to contest for the post of

Chairman last time?
h= JC_ B.E. K^"
x J#<"?
Did you want to study B.E. then?
Last month h= Delhi " x
J#<"?
Did you want to go to Delhi last month?
297
6. g~ x# J`x marriage H
J"x J#<~?
attend
Did you want to attend his marriage

yesterday?
7. h= x# "ix H"x J#Hx<"?

8.
Did you want to meet them yesterday?

J`_ last night hotel stay Kx
9.
Did he want to stay in the hotel last

night?
P" x# P new sari H<x
10.
J#Hx<_?
J#Hx#^?
Did she want to buy a new sari in that

shop yesterday ?
"~ last year business ^"Ò
invest Kx J#Hx<~?
Did they want to invest a huge
amount in the business last year?
: 94406 16425
'Wh' QUESTIONS
EXERCISE
11. g~ x# JH_ Z=ix consult J"x

J#<~?
12.
Whom did you want to consult there

yesterday?
last Sunday g~ ZH_H "x
J#<~?
15.
Where did you want to go last

Sunday?
g~ last year g brother x U Hl
admit Kx J#<~?
In which college did you want to admit
your brother last year?
g brother last month job H ZO^
resign Kx J#<_?
Why did your brother want to resign
to his job last month?
h= last month Delhi Zx~A stay
16.
Howmany days did you want to stay

in Delhi last month?
"~ last time problem # Z solve
13.
14.
17.
Kx J#<=?
Kx J#<~?
How did they want to solve that

problem last time?
h= x# J` x H marriage Uq
present Kx J#<=?
What did you want to present him in
the marriage yesterday?
18. g~ x# J`x` Uq =\_x

J#<~?
What did you want to talk to him
yesterday?
19. h= x# QO@~ ZO^ "x

J#<=?
20.
Why did you want to go to Guntur

yesterday?
"~ last year ZH_ branch open
Kx J#<~?
Where did they want to open the

branch last year ?
1. g~ last night movie K_#<~

?
2. h= x# =` picinic H ~"x
J#<" ?
3. g brother Engineer J"x
J#H<_ ?
4. P" `# birthday party H JOîh invite
Kx J##^ ?
5. "~ x# JH_ work start Kx
J#<~?
6. h= last year Andhra University
M.Phil Kx J#<" ?
7. g~ "i` x# D q+O discuss
Kx J#<~ ?
8. g uncle last year Ongole business
start Kx J#<~ ?
9. P" last time Group-I exam. H appear
J"x J##^ ?
10. "~ last month P house vacate
Kx J#<~ ?
11. h= actual Q Uq J"x J#<=?
12. h= P university last year U course
Kx J#<= ?
13. g~ last week Farewel party ZH_
celebrate Kx J#<~ ?
14. g~ last time P q+ O Z=i
O H~x J#<~ ?
15. "~ JC_ Chennai settle J"x
ZO^ J#<~ ?
Forgiveness is the best revenge.
298
: 94406 16425

XHHi =#= W`~ ` =\_ K#C _ QÒ x XH ==#O^ XH~
K=#x J#H#x XH xx QiOz negative sense tOKKO^=.
h= x# P \ <x J#H^?
g~ last time "i` KiOK# H^?
J`_ govt. job O^x J#H^?
"~ JC_ Nellore branch open K# H^?
J
J
J
J
"H= QÒ XH~ K=#x J#H#x ## tOK@# zOK

K#q.
D q^=Q QÒ x XH ==#O^ x#, Q`" ~O, Q` <, Q` O=`~= H

QÒ x U W`~ == #O^# # =#= H "~H~ K =#x J#H#x XH xx QiOz
negative sense tOK@# QiOz zOK@
"Didn't + want to + I form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
*
Note :
"H=x
Subject I, We, You,He, She, It, They U^#

# "Didn't + want to" L
yOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1. x# h= g
J#H^?
friends
picnic
"x
6. "~ last week meeting x~OK#

H^ ?
2.
Didn't you want to go on picnic with

your friends yesterday?
h= J\ university K^"x
3.
Didn't you want to study in the

university then?
g~ JC_ D town house construct
8.
4.
Didn't you want to construct the house

in this town then?
J`_ JC_ Group-I exam H appear
9. g~ last time ZxH J`xH support

KxJ#H^?
Didn't he want to appear for the

Group-I exam then?
10.
J#H^?
KxJ#H^ ?
J"xJ#H^?
5. P" x# "ix D q+O J_Q#

H^?
Didn't she want to ask them this matter
yesterday?
299
Didn't they want to conduct the

meeting last month?
7. h= x# JH _ J` x x H "x
J#H^?
Didn't you want to meet him there

yesterday?
J` _ ~ u WH _ stay K x
J#H^?
Didn't he want to stay here last night?
Didn't you want to support him in the

elections last time ?
"~ last year bank loan H O try
KxJ#H^ ?
Didn't they want to try for the bank loan

last year?
: 94406 16425
'Wh' QUESTIONS
EXERCISE
11. Last Sunday h= g T~ ZO^

"#H^?
Why didn't you want to go to your

village last Sunday?
12. h=
degree `~"` studies ZO^

continue K#H^?
Why didn't you want to continue your
studies after your degree?
13. J` _ x# "iH `_ Q ZO^

"#H^?
Why didn't he want to accompany
them yesterday?
14. P" last month "ix ZO^

K#H^?
invite
15. "~ last time ZO^

x~OKxJ#H^?
tour
Why didn't she want to invite them last

month?
Why didn't they want to organize a tour

last time?
16. h= x# =` ZO^ ~"#H^ ?

Why didn't you want to come with us
yesterday?
17. g~ JC_ P house ZO^ H<x

J#H^ ?
Why didn't you want to buy that house
then?
18. J`_ JC_

J#H^?
job
Kx ZO^
Why didn't he want to do job then?
19. P" lawyer Q ZO^

KxJ#H^?
practise
Why didn't she want to practise as a

lawyer then?
20. "~
last year ZO^ Annual Day

celebrate K#H^?
Why didn't they want to celebrate the
Annual Day last year?
1. h= x# friendly match
P_#H^?
2. g~ JC_ J`x O H~x
J#H^?
3. J`_ last time ZxH \ Kx
J#H^?
4. P" last time treatment fH"x
J#H^?
5. "~ last year tournments x~OKx
J#H^?
6. h= higher studies K x
J#H^?
7. g~ "i` He business Kx
J#H^?
8. P # h recommend K x
J#H^?
9. P" last time Group-I s H
[~"x J#H^?
10. "~ JC_ family x Hyd. shift K
x
J#H^?
11. h= JC_ job Kx ZO^H#
H^?
12. g~ JC_ P O H<x ZO^H#
H^?
13. P" last year "i` Hj OîOKx
ZO^H#H^?
14. P# JC_ # KkqOKx
ZO^H#H^?
15. "~ JC_ text books publish K
x
ZO^H#H^?
A smile doesnot cost anything.
Z
300
: 94406 16425
REVISION
=#= D ~A Uq <~<= ?
D ~A =#= =# Spoken English Course 'Wanted to' QiOz <~<=.
1.
POSITIVE FORM :
QÒx XH ==#O^ XH~ K=#x J#Hx# XH xx QiOz

zOK@ " Wanted to + I form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
1.
2.
3.
4.
I wanted to go to my village yesterday.

We wanted to visit Delhi last month.
He wanted to learn Grammar last summar.
They wanted to invite the collector to the function.
2.
NEGATIVE FORM :
QÒx XH ==#O^ XH~ K=#x J#H#x XH xx QiOz

zOK@ " Did not + want to + I form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
1.
2.
3.
4.
I did not want to meet him there yesterday.

We did not want to help him last time.
He did not want to participate in the programme last week.
They did not want to sell that house last time.
3.
QUESTION FORM :
QÒx XH ==#O^ XH~ K=#x J#Hx# XH xx QiOz

tOK@# zOK@ " Did + want to + I form of the Verb " L
yOK=#.
Ex :
1.
2.
3.
4.
Did you want to pay him money yesterday?

Did he want to see that movie last Sunday?
Did she want to practise type writing last year?
Did they want to inform him this matter yesterday?
4.
QÒx XH ==#O^ XH~ K=#x J#H#x XH xx QiOz

negative sense tOK@# zOK@ " Didn't + want to + I form of the
Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
301
1.
2.
3.
4.
Didn't you want to continue the course last month?

Didn't he want to stay with you last time?
Didn't she want to do that job then?
Didn't they want to buy that site then?
: 94406 16425

I Form
II Form
III Form
601.
Whisper
whispered
whispered
602.
Wipe
wiped
wiped
603.
Worry
worried
worried
604.
Yawn
yawned
yawned
605.
Yelp
yelped
yelped
606.
Awake
awoke
awoke
607.
Bear
bore
born
608.
Beat
beat
beaten
609.
Become
became
become
610.
Bend
bent
bent
611.
Beseech
besought
besought
612.
Bet`
bet
bet
613.
Bless
blessed
blessed
614.
Blow
blew
blown
615.
Burn
burnt
burnt
616.
Cost
cost
cost
617.
Cut
cut
cut
618.
Dig
dug
dug
619.
Feed
fed
fed
620.
Kneel
knelt
knelt
D ~A
Meaning
QQ_@
`_K@
^_ @
P=eOK@
"~Q@
"#@
[xOK@
H@@
JQ@
=OQ@
|u=_@
O^=H@
nqOK@
T^@, gK@
H@
"JQ@
H@
`=@
uxOK@, +OK@
"Hi@

Z
302
A mother should always be respected.
: 94406 16425

I Form
II Form
III Form
Z
303
Meaning
: 94406 16425
PASSIVE VOICE
XHHi =#= W`~ ` =\_ K#C _ XH "H=x XH xx QiOz
zOKKO^=. P xx K# "~ (subject / doer) Z=~ J<k zOK= .
Subject importance W==.
L^ :
HO l =i Q O_Òk.
Z=~ O_~ ? ~ ` . Jk Subject. D "H= Subject zOK^

.
J=~=^. Subject KH~< "H=# J~= =z#k.
WOHH L^ :
x# E-TV XH old film
~O J~#k.
Z=~
~O K<
~ ? ETV "~. Jk Subject.
D "H= Subject zOK^. J=~= ~^.
WOHH L^ :
~ S.S.C. sH e` "=_`~.
Z=~
H \
~ ? S.S.C. Board "~. Jk Subject
D "H= _ Subject zOK^
. J=~=
^ . D q^=Q
language K "H= Subject # zOH, Subject importance W=H
LO_#.
W@=O\ "H= Object importance LO_#.
L^ :1 =i 'paddy' - J##k 'object' .
L^ : 2 'old film' J##k
'object'.
L^ : 3 'S.S.C. results' - J##k
'object'.
D q^=Q XH "H= 'Object' ^#`# W 'Object' QiOz

zOK XH "H=# Grammar 'Passive Voice' L##x KC^~.
=iHx L^~} :
1. u ~A 5 QOII milk supply J=`~.
2. x# = English test [iy#k.
303
: 94406 16425
3. `~ =# university new courses ~O==`~.

4. Ò JH_ function U~@ [~QK#q.
5. = already syllabus i J~#k.
D q^=Q D
"H=xO\ =#= P # K#
Subject QiOz
K H, Object QiOz ^#`# W, "\ QiOz KC K#O^# D "H= Passive
Voice L#q. WC_ "~"~ tense Passive Voice - Verb Form Z =O_<
q=~=Q <~HO^=.
OQ
J#Q "H=x Object ^#` =O_#. Verb # Uq ? Jx
tOz# answer LO_#. Z=~ ? Jx tOz# answer LO_^. Subject importance
LO_^.
Passive Voice
PASSIVE VOICE VERB FORM

' 'Be' form + III form of the Verb'
"H= U tense =O> P
tense 'be' form =i verb
Passive Voice Verb U tense << III form
304
H III form.
< =O_#.
is / are
+ done
is/are done
was / were
+ done
was / were done
will be
+ done
will be done
is / are + being
+ done
is/ are being done
was/ were + being + done
was/ were being done
have/ has been
+ done
have/ has been done
had + been
+ done
had been done
will have + been
+ done
will have been done
: 94406 16425
PASSIVE VOICE - PRESENT

Hx # QiOz KC#_ P ## K subject QiOz K#=~O
LO_^ . H =O P # [~Q@ QiOz
^
#=Q KC KO^=.
P # K "~ (subject) Z=~ zOK=. P # K"iH
(subject)
^#` W==. W@=O\ "H=# Passive Voice L#^x KC^=.
Regular Q H ^ ^ K |_, [~|_, XH xx QiOz zOK KO^=.
~ _ u L^ O "~ ~=`~.
u Pk"~O P H O$uH H~ H = = x~OK|_#.
= u lesson notes dictate K|_Òk.
u L^ O 5 QO@ ~ ~ K |_`~.
D q^=Q u ~A, u "~O, u <, u O=`~=, ~ Q~Q ZC _, `~K
Q, ^
^ XHi K` K|_ (^#O`@ Jk [~Qx xx) [~|_ XH xx QiOz zOK@
"Am/Is/Are+ III form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
J
J
J
J
Note : "H=x
'I' Subject Q L#C_ 'am' ,
He, She, It, subject Q
Plural subject Q L#C_ 'are' =K#.
L#C_ 'is'
EXAMPLES
1.
E T.V.
u
~A 9 p.m. H news ~O
J=`~.
3.
The news is telecast at 9 p.m. on

E-T.V. every day.
Hyderabad Holi Q [~QÒk.
Holi is celebrated very grand in
Hyderabad.
S.S.C. sH
^~}OQ =i <
4.
S.S.C. examinations are held usually

in the month of March.
D shop English medicines
2.
x~OK|_`~.
6. = college classes
x~OK|_`~.
7.
regular
The classes are conducted regularly

in our college.
= school =Oz discipline \O
|_Òk.
Good discipline is maintained in our

school.
8. HOl =i O_Òk.
English medicines are sold in this shop.
Paddy is grown in Prakasam District.

^~}OQ text books govt. press
print J=`~.
Text books are usually printed in the
govt. press.
5. N^ q k @~ Z =Q Ok
x= îO|_`~.
10. XOQ \<H <.. H < #O_

drinking water supply J=Òk
Mostly Hindi movies are shown at

Sridevi.
Drinking water is supplied from the

N.S. canal to Ongole town.
305
aOK#.
9.
,
: 94406
16425 .
11. ^~ } OQ A <
admissions =Q~.
12.
13.
14.
degree
Degree admissions are usually closed

in the month of July.
= H* 8 a.m. H first bell "Q
Òk.
The first bell is rung at 8 a.m. in our

college.
Towns u ~A LÔ roads Jh
clean K|_`~.
Roads are cleaned in the town every
morning.
D<_ daily 17 H O^#O_ publish
J=Òk.
Eenadu daily is published from 17

centres.
15. =# ~RO " # =

K|_#.
16.
Entry tax is collected in our state.

"i family maintainance H < ~.
17.
Rs. 5000 is spent for the maintainance

of their family per month.
P office work K sincere Q
18.
19.
20.
5000 Y~ J=Òk.
[~QÒk.
Work is done sincerely in that office.

Chennai city traffic rules K strict
Q follow H|_`~.
Traffic rules are followed strictly in
Chennai city.
^~}OQ = college syllabus
[#=i i J=Òk.
The syllabus is usually completed in

our college in January itself.
= college
u
OÒ games
practise K|_`~.
Games are practised in our college
every evening.
EXERCISE
D "HD
=
xH translate
K O_.
"HEnglish
= English
xH translate
K O_.
1. = u < 5= ` n # salaries
KeOK|_`~.
2. < personal expenses < ~.
2000 Y~ J=Òk.
3. ~ _ u L^ O "~
~==`~.
4. WK@
O_ u
H JK"
|_#.
5. P shop orders sweet supply
K|_Òk.
6. ^~}OQ degree admissions August
< =Q~.
7. @ } ` ~ K Q |O^
[~QÒ\~.
8.
u
x"~O P temple `H [
x~OK|_`~.
9. WK@ English medicines J=|_#.
10. u < H " ~ = library close
K=O@Ok.
11. u < =~ `Q k H`
movies q_^ J=Ò\~.
12. = college u Sunday test
[~QÒk.
13. D door lock K=#k.
14. = hostel 1 pm H lunch serve
K|_Òk.
15. =# state entry tax collect
K|_Òk.
Nothing can harm a good man.
Z
306
: 94406 16425
NEGATIVE FORM
XHHi =#= W`~ ` =\_ K#C _ regular Q H J
\H K |_x,
[~|_x XH xx QiOz zOKKO^=.
J = college notes dictate K|_^.
J Text books private press print K|_=.
J College late commers class H J#=uOK|_~.
J =#
OÒ b O_Q [~|_^ .
"H= ~Q~Q, J\H K|_x ## QiOz zOKK#q.
D q^=Q regular Q Hx, J Z\H K|_x, [~|_x XH xx QiOz

zOK@
"Am/Is/Are+not +IIIform of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=x
I, Subject Q L#C_ 'am' =K#.
Singular subject Q L#C_ 'is' =K#.
Plural subject Q L#C_ 'are' =K#.
EXAMPLES
1. = Sunday classes [~Q=.
Classes are not conducted to us on
sundays.
2. = OÒ b O_Q [~Q^ .

Holi festival is not celebrated in our
area.
7. XH i J=# = = "
fH#|_=.
Goods once sold are not taken back.
8. P college
K|_=.
9. z# towns trafic rules \O|_=.
4. WK@ J=|_=.
Traffic rules are not followed in small

town.
Milk is not sold here.
5. W`~ xH J#=uO|_~.
Others are not allowed inside.
6. =
shop
J#=uOK|_=.
10. = town
îOK|_=.
cheques
Cheques are not accepted in our

shop.
307
Donations are not collected in that

college.
3. = shop credit W=|_^.

Credit is not given in our shop.
donations
11.
english
films
English films are not shown in our

town.
< J time aOK^ .
Time iw not found o me at all.
,
: 94406
16425 .
12. J`_ JH_ Z=iH è^.

He is not known to any one there.
13. = l K~ O_^.
Sugar cane is not grown in our istrict.
14. P O
|_=.
salaries regular
Q KeO
Salaries are not pai promptly in that

firm.
15. P college i #
\O|_^ .
discipline
Good discipline is not maintained in
EXERCISE
D "HD
=
xH translate
K O_.
"HEnglish
= English
xH translate
K O_.
1. = school tests x~O|_=.
2. D channel
~OH=.
English programmes
3. D course admission entrance test

x~O|_^.
4. D land QK |_^ .
5. P route RTC buses #_|_=.
6. WC_ money ready Q LOK|_^.
tht college.
16. = office L^Q working days

J leave grant K|_^.
7. ~RO # i Q =
K|_@O ^.
Leave is not granted on working
8. JH _ punctuality (=#)
\O|_^ .
days to the employees in our office.
17. JH_ =# =u HeOK|_^.

Accommodation is not provided to
us there.
18. g school J
K|_^.
notes dictate
Notes is not dictated in our school at
9. <~ K~ fH|_@O^.
10.
Cleanliness is not maintained there
x"iO|_^.
11. = college
K|_=.
ga es
practice
12.
Late commers class xH J#=uO
13.
Cities powersupply xe"|_^.
14.
Fail
all.
19. JH_ J ` \OK|_^ .
Aids
|_~.
20. JH_ J == =$^ H^.
J~# q^~
KeO|_^.
Time is not wasted there at all.
15. JH_ J work delay J=^.
scholarship
Z
Great minds have purpose, others have wishes.
308
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QUESTION FORM
XHHi =#= W`~ ` =\_ K#C _ regular Q H ^ ^ K|_,
[~|_ XH xx QiOz tOKKO^=.
g cleass regular Q x~OK |_` ?

g office salary prompt Q KeO |_Ò^ ?
g college =Oz H = tH} \O |_Ò^ ?
P shop English medicins J=|_ ` ?
J
J
J
J
"H= ~Q~Q K|_ ## tOK@# zOKK#q.
D qÔQ u ~A, u "~=, u <, u O=`~= regular Q ZC_ `~KQ ^

^ K|_, [~|_ XH xx QiOz zOK@
"Am/Is/Are + III form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=x
I, Subject Q L#C_ 'am' =K#.
Singular subject Q L#C_ 'is' =K#.
Plural Subject Q L#C_ 'are' =K#.
EXAMPLES
1. g
hostel u Pk"~= special

item serve K|_Ò^?
Is a special item served in your hostel
every Sunday ?
6. WH_ T.V. sets repair K|_` ?
2. g Ti ^~ O_Q Q [~Q
Ò^ ?
Are tests conducted in your college

every month ?
3.
Is Dasara festival celebrated grand in

your village ?
g college H regular Q
4.
Are the classes conducted regularly

in your college ?
g town English films îOK
5.
Are English fims shown in your town?

g u < salary prompt Q KeO
x~OK|_`?
|_` ?
|_Ò^ ?
Is salary paid to you promptly every

month ?
309
Are T.V. sets repaired here ?
7. g college u < tests x~O

|_` ?
8. D
grammar book Inter q^~

prescribe K |_#^ ?
Is this grammar book prascribed for
the Intermediate students ?
9. g
club ` ~ K Q cultural
programmes x~OK|_` ?
Are cultural programmes often held in
your club ?
10. g u < paper

supply J=Ò^ ?
Madras
#Oz
Is paper supplied to you from Madras

every month ?
,
: 94406
16425 .
11. g college first bell ZC_ "yOK

|_Òk ?
When is the first bell rung in your
college ?
12.
news ~AH Zx~

~
==`~ ?
ETV
Howmany times is the news telecast

on ETV in a day ?
13. g l Z=Q U O@ O_Òk?

Which crop is mostly grown in your
district ?
14. P shop ZC_ ZO^

LO@Ok ?
close
Why is that shop alwasys closed ?
15. h personal Q < ZO` Y~

J=Òk ?
Howmuch money is spent for your
personal expenses every month ?
16. ^~}OQ =# state B.Ed.

entrance test ZC_ x~OK|_
Òk ?
When is the B.Ed. entrance test usually
held in our state ?
17.
Citizen watches ZH_ `

~=`~?
Where are the citizen watches made?
18. ~AH =# town Zx b@~

supply JQK#k ?
milk
Howmany litres milk is supplied in our

town in a day ?
19. ^~}OQ g showroom <H Zx

colour TV sets sale J=`~?
Howmany colour TV sets are usually
sold in your showroom in a month ?
20. =# Ô QO@ ZO`=Ok

[x<~?
Howmany children are born in an hour
in our country ?
EXERCISE
D "HD
=
xH translate
K O_.
"HEnglish
= English
xH translate
K O_.
1. D medicine Jx shop J=|_
Ò^ ?
2. g institute u< XH fresh batch
commence J=Ò^ ?
3. @ } ` ~ K Q |O^
[~QÒ\ ?
4. P hospital =O^ LzÒQ
W=|_` ?
5. Training HO P L^Q stipend
KeO|_Ò^ ?
6. Mysore ^~ O_Q grand Q
[~QÒ^ ?
7. g syllabus
u
O=`~O [#=i <
i J=Ò^ ?
8. India H sugar ZH_ #Oz import
J=Òk?
9. Reynolds pens ZH_ `~=`~?
10. ^~OQ budget asembly U <
"@|_Òk ?
11. ^~}OQ `Q O=`~xH Zx
films q_^`~ ?
12. g WO\ < H ZO` money Y~
J=Òk ?
13. O=`~xH ZO`=Ok L^Q retire
J=`~?
14. ^~O}OQ EAMCET question paper
ZH_ print J=Òk?
15. ^~}OQ LQkO_Q U <
[~QÒk?
The higher the voice, the smaller the intellect.
310
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XHHi =#= W`~` =\_K#C_ ~Q~Q K|_x XH xx
QiOz negative sense tOKKO^=.
g college H late commers J#=uO|_~?

"iH J scholrship grant J=^?
h= WH_ Z=iH è^?
D channel news ~O H"?
J
J
J
J
"H= ~Q~Q K|_x ## tOK@# QiOz zOKK#q.
D q^=Q ~Q~Q Qx, J\H K|_x, [~|_x (Subject Z@=O\

^#` W=O_) XH xx QiOz negative sense tOK@# zOK@
"Isn't / aren't + III form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
*
"H=x
Subject Singular J~#C_ - 'Isn't'
Plural J~#C_ - 'Aren't' LyOK=#.
Note :
EXAMPLES
1. g OÒ =iO_^?
2.
Isn't paddy grown in your area?

g college classes regular
6.
Q
[~Q"?
3.
Aren't the classes conducted regularly

in your college?
D channel English movies ~O
H"?
4.
Aren't English movies telecast on this

channel?
g college J H = tH }
7.
5. D q Q ^?
Isn't this land cultivated?
311
supply
J xe
Isn't power supply stopped at all in

cities?
g town drinking water daily ~~
J=^?
Isn't drinking water supplied daily in

your town?
8. g OÒ < O_Q [~Q^?

9.
\O|_^?
Isn't discipline maintained in your
college?
power
"|_^?
Cities
10.
Isn't Bonala festival celebrated in your

area?
D medicines D town ^~H"?
Aren't these medicines sold in this
town?
`q<_ ZO@< tests J
x~O|_"?
Aren't entrance tests conducted in

Tamilnadu?
EXERCISE
'Wh' QUESTIONS
11. g salary
KeO|_^?
regular
: 94406 16425
Q ZO^
Why isn't salary paid to you regularly?
12. g school
x~O|_=?
tests
ZO^
Why aren't the tests conducted in your

school?
13. Cancer ZO^ x"iO | _ ^ ?

Why isn't cancer cured?
14. =# ~RO H ` x=H ZO^

[~Q=?
Why aren't the new recruitments made
in our state?
15. Govt. hostels i` ZO^

\O|_^ ?
Why isn't cleanliness maintained in the
govt. hostels?
16. D town English

îO|_=?
movies
ZO^
Why aren't English movies shown in

this town?
17. g college syllabus time H ZO^

iJ=^?
Why isn't the syllabus completed in
time in your college?
18. ` ^H strict Q ZO^ J=

H=?
Why aren't the govt. schemes
implemented strictly?
19. Defaulters
fH#|_^?
K ~
ZO^
Why isn't action taken against the

defaulters?
20. J" iH
cricket
Ò|_^ ?
1. D office work sincere Q [~Q^?

2.
Sunday letters deliver
K|_"?
3. g monthly meetings =
KiO|_"?
4. c^ q^~ #O_
K|_^?
mess bill
5. P door lock K^?

6. D q+O h è^?
7. D temple ` H [
x~O|_"?
8. h Hindi J~OH^?
9. D camera ZO^ use ^?
10. g classes
[~Q=?
regular
Q ZO^
11. D fields H water ZO^ supply J=^?

12. D =H i~O ZO^ ^~H^
?
13. =# l i =
ZO^ Ja=$k
KO^=?
14. Bills HO ZO^ pass H=?
15. =# ~R L^Q
KeO|_^?
bonus
ZO^
ZO^
Why isn't cricket promoted in America?
Laugh and be merry.
Z
312
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REVISION
=#= D ~A Uq <~<= ?
D ~A =#= =# Spoken English Course "Am/Is/Are + III form of the Verb"
J# structure QiOz <~ <=. nxx Grammar Passive Voice -Present Tense JO\~.
1. POSITIVE FORM :
~Q~Q K|_ H [~|_ (Subuject ^#` O_) XH xx QiOz

zOK@ " Am / Is / Are + III form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. I am encouraged well in my studies.

2. This chain is made of gold.
3. Text books are printed in the govt. press.
4. Rs. 5,000 is paid to him per month.
2. NEGATIVE FORM :
~Q~Q K|_x H [~|_x XH xx QiOz negative sense

zOK@ " Am not / Is not / Are not + III form of the Verb " LyOK
=#.
Ex :
1. I am not treated well here.

2. Our festivals are not celebrated in Nepal.
3. Entry tax is not levied in Karnataka.
4. The door is not locked.
3. QUESTION FORM :
~Q~Q K|_ H [~|_ XH xx QiOz tOK@# zOK@ " Is

/ Are + III form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. Is this serial telecast daily?

2. Are the tests conducted every month?
3. Is Hindi spoken in West Bengal?
4. Are the patients treated well in this hospital?
4. NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM :
~Q~Q K|_x, [~|_x XH xx QiOz negative sense tOK@#

zOK@ " Isn't / Aren't + III form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
313
1.
2.
3.
4.
Isn't grammar taught to you regularly?

Aren't the letters delivered on holidays?
Isn't permission given to you to go home on Sunday ?
Aren't games practised in your school?
: 94406 16425

I Form
II Form
III Form
621.
Lead
led
led
622.
Mean
meant
meant
623.
Melt
melted
melted
624.
Mistake
mistook
mistaken
625.
Show
showed
showed
626.
Spell
spelt
spelt
627.
Spit
spat
spat
628.
Sting
stang
stang
629.
Swell
swelled
swollen
630.
Acquire
acquired
acquired
631.
Adjourn
adjourned
adjourned
632.
Adjust
adjusted
adjusted
633.
Admit
admitted
admitted
634.
Adorn
adorned
adorned
635.
Advance
advanced
advanced
636.
Affliate
affliated
affliated
637.
Amend
amended
amended
638.
Anoint
anointed
anointed
639.
Assassinate
assassinated
assassinated
640.
Blink
blinked
blinked
D ~A
Meaning
#_OK@
J~=KC@
H~yOK@
`CQfH#@
KOK@
LKiOK@
Lq"@
@@
OQ@
O^@
"~^"@
iK, KHk^@
xH J#=uOK,
=uOK@
JOHiOK@
=OÔK@
K~H#@
=iOK@
Ja+H= K
@
` QqOK@
q}HiOK@

Z
314
Love all, trust a few, do wrong to none.
: 94406 16425
PASSIVE VOICE - PAST

XHHi =#= W`~ ` =\_ K#C _ QÒ x XH == #O^
K |_#, [~|_# XH xx QiOz zOKKO^=. Subject ^#`
LO_^.
x# JH_ = work i J~#k.

Q`"~O = office meeting [iy#k.
Q` < complex XH H` show room open J~#k.
Q` O=`~O E< 21# M.B.A. Entrance test x~OK|_#k.
J
J
J
J
"H= QÒ K |_# ## zOKK#q.
D q^=Q QÒ x XH ==#O^ J#Q x#, Q`" ~O, Q` <, Q` O=`~= H

QÒ x =i W`~ ==#O^# # K |_#, [~|_# XH xx QiOz zOK@
"was / were+ III form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=x
Singular Subject Q L#C_ 'was'
Plural Subject Q L#C_ 'were' =K#.
EXAMPLES
1. x# = English class cancel J~#k.
Our English class was cancelled
yesterday.
2. 1994 O* = i~" #
k.
3.
The punjab problem was solved in

1994.
D house 20 O =` ~ H ` O
4.
This house was constructed twenty

years ago.
Last Sunday bank test x~ OK
5.
315
xiOK|_#k.
|_#k.
The bank test was conducted last

Sunday.
x# =~O\ festival Q [iy#k.
The festival was celebrated very grand
in our house yesterday.
6. x# *qx K# XH
~" #
k.
new film
8.
A new film was telecast on Gemini

Channel yesterday.
D book 2002 publish J~#k.
This book was published in 2002.
x# = guest house = u
9.
The accommodation was provided for

us in the guest house yesterday.
x# = town XH s ~b
7.
HeOK|_#k.
x~OK|_#k.
A huge rally was organized in our

town yesterday.
10. 1983 `QÔ s U~@~#k.

The Telugu Desam party was formed
in 1983.
,
: 94406
16425 .
11. x# function U~@ sQ [iy#q.

Grand arrangements were made for
the function yesterday.
12. x# cards Jh distribute J~#q.

All the cards were distributed
yesterday.
14. = father last month Nellore transfer

J~<~.
My father was transferred to Nellore
last month.
15. 1984
|_<~.
IndiraGandhi
` QqO
Mrs. Indira Gandhi was assassinated

in 1984.
16. x# road accident #Q ~

} Q_<~.
Four passengers were injured in the
road accident yesterday.
17.
Last year = syllabus [#=i< i
J~#k.
Our syllabus was completed in the
month of January last year.
18. <Q~ # Q ~ _" 1952

xiOK|_#k.
The Nagarjuna Sagar dam was
constructed in 1952.
19.
Last time =
sH "~^ _#q.
Our examinations were postponed last

time.
20. x#\ match Pakisthan F_~#k.

The Pakisthan tteam was defeated in
the match yesterday.
EXERCISE
D "HD
=
xH translate
K O_.
"HEnglish
= English
xH translate
K O_.
1. Last Sunday Group - 1 preliminary test
x~OK|_#k.
2. Last month J`xH Rs. 50000 loan
sanction J~#k.
3. x# S.S.C. e `
H \
O |_#q.
4. x# P shoping complex XH H`
showroom open J~#k.
5. Q`< ^~^ `xH #H
=^ K~ [iy#q.
6. Last week P W Mm J~#k.
7. x# = club cultural programmes
x~OK|_#q.
8. x# c~ ZxH 70 Ò F@ poll
J~<~.
9. Q` < R & B department H`
x=H [iy#q.
10. ^=^ film N "ÔÒ ~=
QiK direct K |_#k.
11. x# < ~ town |O^
\OK|_#k.
12. P" x# government hospital admit K |_#k.
13. D O 1948 O K|_#k.
14. x# = ~ \ ~_ x P H = }
`yO|_#q.
15. x# D q+O JOîH è#k.
Don't curse darkness, light a lamp.
316
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NEGATIVE FORM
XHHi =#= W`~` =\_K#C_ QÒx XH ==#O^
K|_x, [~|_x XH xx QiOz zOKKO^=.
x# = = i~O H^ .
= brother H x# = aOK^ .
Last year P posts s K |_^
.
J`xH P bank loan sanction H^.
J
J
J
J
"H= QÒ K|_x ## zOKK#q.
D q^=Q QÒ XH ==#O^ J#Q x#, Q`" ~O, Q`< , Q` O=`~O H

QÒ x =i W`~ ==#O^# # K |_x, [~|_x XH xx QiOz zOK@
"Was/Were + not + III form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=x
Singular subject Q L#C_ 'was' =K#.
Plural subject Q L#C_ 'were' =K#.
EXAMPLES
1. x# = English class [~Q^.
2.
English class was not taken to us

yesterday.
Permission was not given to us

yesterday.
Last year MBA entrance test x~O
7. "iH last time message O|_^.
|_^.
MBA entrance test was not conductd

last year.
3. x# J`xH money KeO|_^.

Money was not paid to him yesterday.
4.
Last time J`x K~ fH#|_^.

Action was not taken against him last
time.
5.
Last budject
|_^.
H ` # qkO
New taxes were not levied in the last

budget.
317
6. = x# permission aOK^ .
The message was not sent to them

last time.
8. J`xH last time loan sanction H^.

The loan was not sanctioned to him
last time.
9. x# L.I.C.
H^.
office
work
Our work was not finished in the L.I.C

office yesterday.
10. x# = = H\OK|_^.
A holiday was not declared to us
yesterday.
,
: 94406
16425 .
11.
12.
Last time = problem solve H^.

Our problem was not solved last time.
Last year = college syllabus
i H^.
The syllabus was not completed to

us last year.
15.
16.
Last year B.Ed. entrance test x~O
This matter was not discussed in the

meeting yesterday.
Last year = college annual day
celebrate K|_^.
Our college annual day was not
celebrated last year.
x# JH_ function H U~@ iQ
3.
Last
[~Q^.
The arrangements were not made

properly there for the function
yesterday.
Last budget Veligonda project
x^ H \~O|_^
.
17.
18.
Grammar was not taught to us at

school level.
Last year =# state H `
20.
K O_.
1. x# treasury = bill pass H^.
2.
Funds were not allocated to the

Veligonda project in the last budget.
= school level Grammar
19.
D "HD
=
xH translate
K O_.
"HEnglish
= English
xH translate
q+ O
13. x# g\ O Q
KiO|_^.
14.
EXERCISE
<iO|_^.
x=H [~Q^.
New appointments were not made in

our state last year.
"iH last time licence issue
K|_^.
The licence was not issued to them

last time.
x# = town bandh \O|_^
.
Bandh was not observed in our town
yesterday.
|_^.
P #
J#=uO|_^.
4. = brother last
xqO|_^.
5.
<q< + <
time
time
post
Last time WH_ votes iQ poll H^ .
6. "iH information O|_^.

7. P"H x# HO\H operation [~Q^.
8. x# = JH_ =u HeOK|_^.
9. P = J C _ i ~ =
^~H^.
10.
Last month report submit K|_^.
11. x# "iH amount adjust H^.

12. J` x H
sanction
last time
bank
loan
H^.
13. x# = WO\ O_Q [~Q^.

14. J`x Ji`= iQ}O|_^
(consider).
15.
Last time J`x case file H^.
He laughs the best who laughs last.
318
: 94406 16425
QUESTION FORM
XHHi =#= W`~` =\_K#C_ QÒx XH ==#O^
K |_#, [~|_# XH xx QiOz
t
OKKO^=.
x# JH_ g work i J~#^ ?

Q`"~O g office meeting [iy#^ ?
Q`< complex XH H` show room open J~#^ ?
Q` O=`~O B.Ed. entrance test x~OK|_#^?
J
J
J
J
"H= QÒ K |_# ## QiOz

t
OK@# zOKK#q.

QÒ x =i W`~ ==#O^# # K |_# XH xx QiOz zOK@
"Was/Were + III form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=x
Singular Subject Q
L#C_ 'was" =K#.

Plural Subject Q L#C_ 'were" =K#.
EXAMPLES
1. x# g
J~#^?
2.
English class cancel
5.
319
Last year entry tax G.O. ~^ J~#^?

Was the G.O. of the entry tax
abolished last year ?
Was your English class cancelled

yesterday ?
Last mnth teacher post interviews
7. x# JOc budget " @|_#^?
Were the interviews held for the

teacher posts last month ?
8. x# g WO\ function Q [iyO^ ?
Was the budget presented in the

Assembly yesterday ?
[iy#" ?
3. D W 60 O =` ~ = H ` O
xiO|_#^ ?
4.
6.
Was the function celebrated grand in

your house yesterday ?
Was this house constructed sixty

years ago ?
x# =OuH, junior doctors =^
9. x# g cheques PO^ OH encash

J~#" ?
Were the discussions made among the

minister and the junior doctors
yesterday?
x# wedding cards print J~#" ?
Were the wedding cards printed
yesterday ?
10.
Were your cheques encashed in

Andhra Bank yesterday ?
K~ [iy#" ?
Last
time
K |_#^?
J` x
case
file
Was the case filed against him last

time?
EXERCISE
'Wh' QUESTIONS
11. x# g meeting ZO^

J~#k ?
12.
cancel
Why was your meeting cancelled

yesterday ?
1. x# g message JOk#^ ?
g Zx
JOk#q ?
2.
Last time
application forms
Howmany application forms were

received to you last time ?
13. ~u Gemini
J~#k ?
T.V.
film telecast
Which film was telecast on Gemini

T.V. last night ?
14. P O Q` < ZO`

deposit K |_Ok ?
amount
Howmuch amount was deposited in

that bank last month ?
15. O* = Z i+iO|_#k?
How was the Punjab problem solved?
16. film g town Zx ~A

^ i O|_#k ?
Howmany days was the film 'Lakshmi'
shown in your town ?
17. Ja+ #= Z=iK` " |_#k ?

By whom was the novel 'Abhilasha'
written ?
18.
: 94406 16425
Last time ~"

O\ ZxH g town
Zx F@ poll J~#q ?
Howmany votes were polled in your
town in the last Parliament elections ?
19. x# g dinner ZH _ U~@

K |_#k ?
Where was the dinner arranged for
you yesterday ?
10. P W ZC_ Mm J~#k ?

When was that house vacated ?
g = =
J~< ?
Last month
deliver
3. x# g town |O^ \O|_#^ ?

4. x# P case f~
H \
O |_#^ ?
5. Last year sH ~^J~#" ?
6. D W 1980 xiO|_#^ ?
7. P" x# hospital #Oz discharge
J~#^ ?
8. N ~r" QOn ZH_ ` QqOK|_
<~ ?
9. `QÔ s ZC_ U~>#
k ?
10. =`QOn ZC_ [xOK~ ?
11. x# g\OQ U q+ O KiO |_
#k ?
12.
g office Zx files clear

K |_<~ ?
Last week
13. x# P programme ZO^

J~#k ?
14.
cancel
Last time Zx teacher posts s K
|_#q ?
15. ~# ZxH =# x[H=~O
Zx nominations file K |_#q ?
To err is human, to forgive divine.
320
: 94406 16425

XHHi =#= W`~` =\_K#C_ QÒ XH ==#O^
K|_x XH xx QiOz negative sense tOKKO^=.
h x# message JO^^ ?
h D q+O x# è^ ?
J
J
J
J
g P problem i~O ^~H ^ ?

Last month admissions =y^?
"H= QÒx XH ==#O^ K|_x ## zOKK#q.
D q^=Q QÒ XH ==#O^ x#, Q`" ~O, Q`< , Q` O=`~O H QÒ x

U W`~ == #O^## K|_x, [~|_x (Subject Z@=O\ ^#` W=O_)
"Wasn't / Weren't + III form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
*
"H=x
Subject Singular J~#C_ - 'Wasn't'
Plural J~#C_ - 'Weren't' LyOK=#.
Note :
EXAMPLES
1. x# g bill pass H^?
6.
Last month g interviews [~Q^?

Weren't the interviews conducted to
you last month?
7.
Last year B.C
Wasn't your bill passed yesterday?
2. x# meeting D q+O K~
~^?
Wasn't this matter discussed in the
meeting yesterday?
3.
Last month h salary ~^?

Wasn't salary paid to you last month?
4. x# g telegram JO^^?
Wasn't the telegram received to you
yesterday?
5. x# cards O}H^?
Weren't the
yesterday?
321
cards
distributed
q^~ scholarships
=OE~H^?
Weren't scholarships granted to the
B.C. students last year?
8. x# g hall tickets issue H^?

Weren't the hall tickets issued to you
yesterday?
9. x# SBI g cheque encash H^?

Wasn't your cheque encashed in SBI
yesterday?
10. x# JH_ g work i H^?

Wasn't your work finished there
yesterday?
EXERCISE
'Wh' QUESTIONS
11. Last year

[~Q^?
entrance test
ZO^
Why wasn't the entrance test

conducted last year?
12. h x# leave ZO^ grant H^?

Why wasn't the leave granted to you
yesterday ?
13. g x# J#=u ZO^ aOK^

?
Why wasn't the permission given to you
yesterday?
14. g Hr x# Farewell Party ZO^

[~Q^?
Why wasn't the Farewell Party
celebrated in your college yesterday?
15. Last time Group-I x=H ZO^

[~Q^?
Why weren't the Group-I appointments
made last year?
16. Last year J` _ ZO^

H^?
promote
Why wasn't he promoted last year?
17. Group-4 e` ZO^ ~^?

Why weren't
announced?
Group-4
: 94406 16425
results
18. x# function H U~@ ZO^

[~Q^?
Why weren't the arrangements made
to the function yesterday?
19. x# India - England =^ one-day match

ZO^ [~Q^?
Why wasn't the one-day match played
between India and England yesterday?
20. Q` ZxH F@ sQ ZO^ poll

H^?
Why weren't the votes polled heavily
in the last elections?

1. h x# time ^~H^?
2. h D q+O JC_ è^?
3.
4.
Last year
H^?
h=
Last month
teacher post
select
P house vacate H^?
5. h application accept H^?

6.
Last year syllabus intime i H^?
7.
Last time P# ~ OKQ ZxH H^?
8. x# h money Y~H^?
9. x# g test ZO^ [~Q^?
10. ~u T.V
H^?
movie
ZO^ ~O
11. P college last year @ ZO^

s H^ ?
12. Last time g problem ZO^ solve
H^?
13. h last time P bank loan ZO^
sanction H^?
14. Last time P# ZO^ transfer
H^?
15. x# judgement ZO^ "=_^?
Beware of the fury of a patient man.
322
: 94406 16425
REVISION
=#= D ~A Uq <~<= ?
D ~A =#= =# Spoken English Course 'Was/Were + III form of the Verb '
J# structure QiOz <~ <=. nxx Grammar "Passive Voice -Past Tense" JO\~.
1. POSITIVE FORM :
QÒ x XH ==#O^ K |_#, [~|_# XH xx QiOz zOK@

" Was / Were + III form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
1.
2.
3.
4.
This book was published in 2003.

This film was released last month.
Degree admissions were closed last month.
The wedding cards were distributed yesterday.
2. NEGATIVE FORM :
QÒ x XH ==#O^ K |_x, [~|_x XH xx QiOz zOK@

" Was not / Were not + III form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
1.
2.
3.
4.
He was not invited to the party yesterday.

She was not treated well in the hospital there.
Our proposal was not accepted yesterday.
Cultural programmes were not held in the function last night.
3. QUESTION FORM :
QÒ x XH ==#O^ K |_#, [~|_# XH xx QiOz

t
OK@#
zOK@ " Was / Were + III form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
1.
2.
3.
4.
Was dinner arranged to the guests yesterday?

Were the letters dispatched last week?
Was he suspended from the service last month?
Were the encroachments removed last month?
QÒx XH ==#O^ K|_x, [~|_x XH xx QiOz negative

sense tOK@# zOK@ " Wasn't / Weren't + III form of the Verb "
LyOK=#.
Ex :
323
1.
2.
3.
4.
Wasn't the programme relayed on T.V. yesterday?

Weren't the orders sent to them last week?
Wasn't the loan cleared last month?
Weren't the books damaged then?
: 94406 16425

I Form
II Form
III Form
641.
Bulge
bulged
bulged
642.
Bury
buried
buried
643.
Centralize
centralized
centralized
644.
Cater
catered
catered
645.
Clap
clapped
clapped
646.
Clash
clashed
clashed
647.
Classify
classified
classified
648.
Clot
clotted
clotted
649.
Collaborate
collaborated
collaborated
650.
Combine
combined
combined
651.
Commit
committed
committed
652.
Conserve
conserved
conserved
653.
Console
consoled
consoled
654.
Contain
contained
contained
655.
Contradict
contradicted
contradicted
656.
Contrast
contrasted
contrasted
657.
Cover
covered
covered
658.
Count
counted
counted
659.
Crash
crashed
crashed
660.
Crawl
crawled
crawled
D ~A
Meaning
L|@, "@
_@
HOnHiOK@
[#= =_OK@
K@ K~K@
XH^xHH\ _ H#@
`~Q ` Q qlOK@
Q_H@@, ~H#@
He xK@
K~@, H@
K_x K@
^ ~ K
@
F^~@
HeyO_@
H^#@
@
=@
H@@
Q@
@

Z
324
A proverb is one man's wit and all men's wisdom.
: 94406 16425
PASSIVE VOICE - FUTURE

XHHi =#= q+` x XH ==#O^ K |_, [~|_ XH
xx zOKKO^=. P xx K
"iH ^#` LO_^ .
J
J
J
J
~ = meeting [~QÒk.
=K"~O Inter e` H\OK|_`~.
=K < = bonus KeO|_Òk.
~ JH_ function U~@ [~Q`~.
"H= q+`x XH == #O^ K|_, [~|_ ##

zOKK#q.

H q+`x =i W`~ ==#O^## XH x K|_@# [~Q@# QiOz
zOK@.
"Will + be + III form of the Verb" LyOK =#.
*
Note : "H=x
Subject -Singular, Plural U^## 'will be + III form' =K#.
EXAMPLES
1.
Next year Inter syllabus =~Òk.

Intermediate syllabus will be changed
next year.
2. D house next month Mm J=Òk.

This house will be vacated next month.
3. `~ J~
JO^`~.
7.
A loan of Rs. 1 lakh will be sanctioned

to him in SBI next week.
~ 7 p.m. H programme
8.
The programme will be commenced

at 7 p.m. tomorrow.
~ guests grand dinner U~@
9.
Grand dinner will be arranged to the

guests tomorrow.
Nextweek B.Ed entrance test x~OK
appointment orders
The appointment orders will be

received to the candidates soon.
4. =HO `~ XH new scheme

~O==Òk.
A new scheme will be launched for
the youth soon.
5. ~ degree final year results H\OK

|_`~.
Degree final year results will be
announced tomorrow.
325
6. J` x H next week SBI 1 H

~ loan sanction J=Òk.
"^=Òk.
K|_Òk.
|_Òk.
B.Ed. entrance test will be conducted

nextweek.
10. ` ~ Hj~ = i ~ =
=Òk.
Kashmir problem will be solved soon.
,
: 94406
16425 .
11. ~ Hyd. T.D.P. =i B.J.P.

< =^ K~ [~Q`~.
14.
Discussions will be made among the

T.D.P. and the BJP leaders in Hyd.
tomorrow.
=K " DSC ^~ 20,000 teacher
post s K |_`~.
20,000 teacher posts will be filled up
through the DSC next May.
= brother next year manager Q
promote J=`_.
My brother will be promoted as
manager next year.
Next Monday D cheque bank cash
15.
This cheque will be encashed in the

bank next Monday.
=K budget H` # qkO
16.
New taxes will be levied in the next

budget.
=K < 28# ~"O\ budget
12.
13.
17.
J=Òk.
|_`~.
"@|_#.
The Budget will be presented in the

Parliament on 28th next month.
<Q~ # H` x = next Firday
release J=Òk.
Nagarjuna's new fim will be released
next Friday.
18. ~ g\ O Q
KiO|_Òk.
q+ O
This matter will be discussed in the

meeting tomorrow.
19. `~ ZxH <\H +< "=_Òk.

20.
The Election Notification will be

issued soon.
P O `~ XH shopping complex
xiOK|_Òk.
A new shopping complex will be

constructed in the site soon.
EXERCISE
D "HD
=
xH translate
K O_.
"HEnglish
= English
xH translate
K O_.
1. Next year = college H ` H~
introduce K|_`~.
2. ` L^Q `~ bonus KeO
|_Òk.
3. `~ Hyd. P.V. Narasimha Rao
qQ= Pq+iO|_Òk.
4. next Sunday = college annual day
[~QÒk.
5. `~ =# ~+O XH new party
U~@ J=Òk.
6. ~ P H judgement "=_Òk.
7. Next Sunday = Ti Lz` <`
zH` ta~O U~@ K |_Òk.
8. `~ Group - 2 post sH notification "=_Òk.
9. `~ =~ `xH =i #H
=^ K~ [~Q`~.
10. ~+O Jx High Schools =K June
13 # reopen J=`~.
11. g exams `~ "`
=
H \
O K
|_`~.
12. =K " ~ O =~ petrol ^~
~QÒk.
13. `~ g problem solve J=Òk.
14. ~ meeting XH decision
fH|_Òk.
15. Next year J`_ officer Q promote
J=`_.
Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
326
: 94406 16425
NEGATIVE FORM
XHHi =#= W`~ ` =\_ K#C _ q+` x XH ==#O^
K|_x, [~|_x XH xx QiOz zOKKO^=.
~ JH_ K~ [~Q=.
D i sH "~^ _= .
D O=`~O H` x=H [~Q=.
D O=`~O "iH # KeO |_^ .
J
J
J
J
"H= q+` K |_x ## zOKK#q.
D q^=Q q+` x XH ==#O^ J#Q ~ , =K" ~O, =K< , =K O=`~O

H q+`x =i W`~ ==#O^## K|_x, [~|_x XH xx QiOz
zOK@
"Will not+ be + III form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=x
Subject Singular, Plural U^## 'Will not + be + III form of the verb" =K#.
EXAMPLES
1.
Inter q^~
D O=`~O syllabus
=~^.
The syllabus will not be changed for

Inter students this year.
2. D work D ~A i J=^.
This work will not be finished today.
3. WH D O=`~O Group-I x=H

[~Q=.
Group-1 appointments will not be held
this year.
4. D O =` ~ O =O_ Zx H
x~O|_=.
The Mandal elections will not be held
this year.
5. D i work delay J=^.

Work will not be delayed this time.
327
6. ~ h leave grant J=^.

Leave will not be granted to you
tomorrow.
7. Di sH "~^ _=
.
Examinations will not be postponed
this time.
8. ~ g\OQ D q+ O KiO|_^ .
This matter will not be discussed in
the meeting tomorrow.
9. D < D course i J=^.

This course will not be completed this
month.
10. P# D O=`~O transfer J=_.

He will not be transfered this year.
,
: 94406
16425 .
11. Di =
[~Q^.
colony
The New Year Day will not be

celebrated in our colony this time.
12. Hj~ = OQ i~==^.

Kashmir problem will not be solved
easily.
13. g ~ JH_ J#=u aOK^ .

Pemission will not be given to you
D "HD
=
xH translate
K O_.
"HEnglish
= English
xH translate
K O_.
1. D ~@ =~ [~Q^ .
2. D "~O
|_^.
office
meeting
x~O
3. h= D O=`~O promote H=.

4. P W D < MmJ=^.
there tomorrow.
14. D O=`~O H ` x=H [~Q=.

New appointments will not be made
5. g Di bonus KeO|_^.
6. =K budget _ D
x^ H \~O|_=.
this year.
15. D G.O. ~^ J=^.

This G.O. will not be cancelled.
16. Di = syllabus i J=^.

Our syllabus will not be completed this
project
7. Di = college
tournments x~O|_=.
cricket
8. D i h J=HO W=|_^ .
time.
17. ~ =# JH_ time aOK^ .

Time will not be found to us there
tomorrow.
18. sH `~"` holidays H\O|_=.

Holidays will not be declared after the
exams.
19. D news "iH è^.

This news will not be known to them.
20. P" D "~O _

discharge J=^.
EXERCISE
New year Day
hospital
#O_
9. D < =Ou=~ q~} [~Q^.

10. D academic year SSC q^~
syllabus =~^.
11.
WH #Oz
s K |_=.
Teacher posts
DSC
^~
12. D proposal ~ meeting

J#=uO|_^ (accept).
She will not be discharged from the

hospital this week also.
The wages of sin is death.
Z
328
: 94406 16425
QUESTION FORM
XHHi =#= Vq+` x XH ==#O^ K |_, [~|_ XH
xx QiOz tOKKO^=. P xx K# "iH (subject) ^#` LO_^ .
~ g special class [~QÒ^ ?

=K"~O inter e` H\OK |_`?
=K < g bonus KeO|_Ò^ ?
=K [#=i ~" O@ ZxH [~Q`?
J
J
J
J
"H= q+` K |_ ## QiOz

t
OK@# zOKK#q.
D qÔQ q+` x XH == #O^ ~ , =K "~O, =K <, =K O=`~= H

=i W`~ ==#O^## K|_, [~|_ XH xx QiOz tOK@#
zOK@
"Will+be+ III form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=x
Subject Singular, Plural U^## 'Will be + III form" =K#.
EXAMPLES
1. =K U g sH [~Q` ?
Will your examinations be held next
April ?
2. D work next week iJ=Ò^ ?

Will this work be finished next week?
3. ~ ~R =O u =~ q ~ } [~ Q
Ò^?
6. ~ h salary KeO|_Ò^ ?
Will your salary be paid tomorrow ?
7. ~ =# orders JO^` ?
Will the orders be received to us
tomorrow ?
8. g town `~
J=Ò^ ?
LIC branch open
Will the state cabinet be expanded

tomorrow ?
Will the LIC office branch be opened

in your town soon ?
4. P H ` ^HO =K O=`~O J=
~K|_Ò^ ?
9. =K budget H ` #
qkOK|_` ?
Will that new scheme be implemented

next year ?
Will new taxes be levied in the next

budget ?
5. =K < P W Mm J=Ò^ ?
Will that house be vacated next
month?
329
10. =# ~RO =K < O K~f

ZxH [~Q` ?
Will the Panchayat elections be held
in our state next month ?
: 94406 16425
'Wh' QUESTIONS
EXERCISE
11. H `

Ò ZC_ U~@ K |_
Òk ?
12.
When will the new government be

formed ?
D ~A ~uH ETV U movie telecast
13.
Which movie will be telecast on ETV

to night ?
<Q~# University Vice-chancellor Q
14.
Who will be appointed Vicechancellor of Nagarjuna University ?

=# office H` x=H ZC_
15.
When will the new appointments be

made in our office ?
h =K < ZO` loan sanction
16.
Howmuch loan will be sanctioned to

you next month ?
~ guest = u ZH _
17.
Where will the accomodation be

provided to the guests tomorrow ?
H ` J ~ training ZH _
18.
19.
20.
J=Òk ?
Z=~ xqO|_^~ ?
[~Q`~ ?
J=Òk ?
HeOK|_Òk?
W=|_Òk ?
Where will the training be given to the

new candidates ?
g institute Spoken English fresh
batch ZC_ commence J=Òk ?
When will the Spoken English fresh
batch be commenced in your institute?
=K budget education H ZO`
amount H\~OK|_Òk ?
Howmuch amount will be allocated
for Education in the next budget ?
g =K " ~ O interview ZH _
1. =# ~ JH _ = u U~@
K|_Ò^ ?
2. Degree e` May H\O|_
` ?
3. Di B.S.R.B. test August
x~O|_Ò^ ?
4. ~ function ` ~ ` cultural
programmes x~O|_` ?
5. D book next month marketH release
K|_Ò^ ?
6. `~ P Institute EAMCET H
x~O|_` ?
7. ZxH notification ~ *s K|_
Ò^ ?
8. g Hl ZC_ reopen J=Òk ?
9. P bridge consturction ZC_ i
J=Òk ?
10. g = Z i+iO|_Òk?
11. ~ meeting U q+ O
KiO|_Òk ?
12. h computer course Z C _ i
J=Òk ?
13. g institute #Oz D i ZO`=Ok
students S.I. posts H select J=`~?
14. ~ party U hotel arrange
K|_Òk ?
15. =K budget agriculture H ZO`
amount H\~OK|_Òk ?
[~QÒk ?
Where will
the interview be
conducted to you next week ?
Bad news spreads fast.
Z
330
: 94406 16425

XHHi =#= W`~ ` =\_ K#C _ q+` x XH ==#O^
K|_x ## QiOz negative sense tOKKO^=.
h next year salary ~Q^?

WH D O=`~O H ` x=H [~Q"?
~ g town |O^ [~Q^?
g college D < re-open H^?
J
J
J
J
"H= q+` K |_x ## QiOz

t
OK@# zOKK#q.
D q^=Q q+` x XH ==#O^ ~ , =K "~O, =K <, =K O=`~= H

q+` x U W`~ == #O^# # K |_x, [~|_x XH xx QiOz negative
sense tOK@# zOK@
"Won't + be + III form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
*
Note :
"H=x
Subject Singular, Plural U^## 'Won't be' =K#.
EXAMPLES
1. ~ g classes [~Q"?
6. =K O=`~O H ` H~ ~OOH"?
Won't the classes be conducted to you
Won't the new courses be introduced
tomorrow?
next year?
2. ~ =# == deliver H"?
7. Hj~ = WH i~OH^?
Won't the goods be delivered to us

tomorrow?
3. ~ amount collect H^?

Won't the amount be collected
tomorrow?
4. D house sale K|_^?

Won't this house be sold?
5. D "~O e` H\O|_"?
Won't the results be announced this
week?
331
Won't the Kashmir problem be solved?
8.
Deposit
uiy KeO|_^?
Won't the deposit be refunded?
9. D O=`~O S.S.C |=~^?

Won't the syllabus be changed for
S.S.C this year?
10. ~ g\OQ D q+O K~~^?

Won't this matter be discussed in the
meeting tomorrow?
,
'Wh' QUESTIONS
11. ~ =# J#=u ZO^ aOK^ ?

Why won't the permission be given to
us tomorrow?
12. D x ~ ZO^ iJ=^?

Why won't this work be finished
tomorrow?
13. g ~ JH_ =u ZO^ U~@

K|_^?
Why won't the accommodation be
provided to you there tomorrow?
14. e ` = g =O^ Q ZO^

è^?
Why won't the result be known to you
earlier?
15. ~ JH _ H~ H = = ZO^
x~OK|_^?
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE

1. ~ college seminar x~O|_^?
2. D project D O=`~O i J=^?
3. Di g college Annual Day [~Q^?
4. g brother D O=`~O promote J=_?
5. D i =# sH "~^_"
?
6. D < g syllabus iJ=^?
7. P" D "~O _
discharge H^?
8. D O=`~O _
K|_"?
hospital
#O_
teacher posts
17.
Why won't the programme be

organized there tomorrow?
D i function ZO^ [~Q^?
Why won't the function be celebrated
this time?
g Di allowance ZO^
18.
Why won't the allowance be paid to you

this time?
Di S.I. Post h"O^ select
19.
Why won't you be selected for the post

of S.I?
Main Road x P H = } ZO^
`yO|_=?
13. ÒQ} ~RO ZO^ U~_^?

14. g licence ZO^ ~^?
20.
Why won't the encroachments be

removed on the Main Road?
h application form ZO^
16.
KeOK|_^?
H=?
iQ}O|_^?
Why won't your application form be

considered?
9. D O =` ~ O O K~f Zx H
ZO^ [~Q=?
10. g house construction D O=`~O
ZO^ iJ=^?
11. P H` movie D < ZO^ release
H^?
12. g ~ payment ZO^ [~Q^?
15. D loan D O=`~O ZO^

J=^?
Contentment is real wealth.
clear
Z
332
: 94406 16425
REVISION
=#= D ~A Uq <~<= ?
D ~A =#= =# Spoken English Course 'Will be + III form of the Verb ' J#
structure QiOz <~<=. nxx Grammar "Passive Voice -Future Tense" JO\~.
1. POSITIVE FORM :
q+` x XH ==#O^ K |_, [~|_ XH xx QiOz zOK@

" Will be + III form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
1.
2.
3.
4.
The course will be commenced on 5th next month.

The syllabus will be changed next year.
The orders will be sent to them next week.
The price of petrol will be hiked again.
2. NEGATIVE FORM :
q+` x XH == #O^ K |_x, [~|_x XH xx QiOz negative

sense zOK@ " Will not + be + III form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
1.
2.
3.
4.
Leave will not be granted to you tomorrow.

New taxes will not be levied in the next budget.
The exams will not be postponed this time.
The work will not be delayed next time.
3. QUESTION FORM :
q+` x XH == #O^ K |_, [~|_ XH xx QiOz

t
OK@#
zOK@ " Will be + III form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
1.
2.
3.
4.
Will you be promoted next year?

Will this matter be discussed tomorrow?
Will the file be cleared next week?
Will the last date be extended to next month?
q+` x XH ==#O^ K |_x, [~|_x XH xx QiOz negative

sense
t
OK@# zOK@ " Won't + be + III form of the Verb " L
yOK
=#.
Ex :
333
1.
2.
3.
4.
Won't this work be finished tomorrow?

Won't this book be published next month?
Won't you be transfered next month?
Won't the arrangements be made for the function tomorrow?
: 94406 16425

I Form
II Form
III Form
661.
Cremate
cremated
cremated
662.
Cumulate
cumulated
cumulated
663.
Darn
darned
darned
664.
Dash
dashed
dashed
665.
Demand
demanded
demanded
666.
Deposit
deposited
deposited
667.
Destroy
destroyed
destroyed
668.
Detain
detained
detained
669.
Detect
detected
detected
670.
Discuss
discussed
discussed
671.
Disqualify
disqualified
disqualified
672.
Distil
distilled
distilled
673.
Diverge
diverged
diverged
674.
Donate
donated
donated
675.
Drench
drenched
Drenched
676.
Dye
dyed
dyed
677.
Earn
earned
earned
678.
Elevate
elevated
elevated
679.
Embrace
embraced
embraced
680.
Encash
encashed
encashed
D ~A
Meaning
^#=K
=$kKO^@
\KH~K@
"^H#@
Q\QJ_Q@
xK@
<#=K@
x@, P@
Hx@@
KiOK@
J~` O_K@
Hz K~@
q_=@
KO^WK@
`_@, =OK@
~OQ"@
OkOK@
=#L`~K

HyeOKH#
~H=Q =~@

Z
334
God helps those who help themselves.
: 94406 16425
PASSIVE VOICE - PRESENT CONTINUOUS

XHH i =#= W` ~ ` =\ _ K # C _ ` O continuous Q
[~|_`#, K|_`# XH xx QiOz zOKKO^=.
Ò S.S.C. sH x~O|_ K#q.

D ~A JH_ g\OQ U~@ K|_K#q.
W_ JH_ XH bridge xiOK|_K#k.
D < pending files clear K|_K#q.
J
J
J
J
"H= Ò K|_KO_ ## QiOz zOKK#q.
D q^=Q ` O =#= =\_ K# ==# J#Q WC_, D ~A, D <, D

O=`~O continuous Q K|_K#, [~|_K# XH xx QiOz zOK@
"Am/Is/Are + being+ III form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=
I, Subject Q L#C_ 'am+being' =K#.
Singular Subject Q L#C_ 'is+being' =K#.
Plural Subject Q L#C_ 'are+being' =K#.
EXAMPLES
1. = Ò sH [~QK#q.
Examinations are being conducted
now
2. [ ~O k @~ XH
îOK|_Òk.
6.
7.
4.
g^ @OQ@~ =^ a
_
x~}O =#k.
High Way
A bridge is being constructed on the

high way at Tangutur.
5.
Function H
U~@ [~QK#q.
Arrangements ar being made for the

function.
335
Invitation cards print J=`<~.

Invitation cards are being printed now.
8. D~A ~R=O`\ LQk O_Q

[~|_K#k.
Ugadi is being celebrated through out
the state today.
3. _#~H items `~ J=`<~.

Items are being prepared for dinner
K|_`#q.
Letters are being typed now.
new film
A new film is being shown at Jayaram

Theatre.
letters type
9.

` O =#~RO =^ [#
^HO J= L#k.
The mid-day meal scheme is being
implemented in our state at present.
10.
D~A 144= H#
qkOK|_#k.
Hyd. old city
144 section is being levied in the old

city of Hyderabad today.
,
: 94406
16425 .
11. WC_ `[ K# XH i
~=QK#k.
A serial is being telecast on Teja
channel now.
12. " i\ q^~ ` H H

x~OK|_K#q.
Special classes are being conducted
for the meritorious students.
13. = colony ` O H`
"|_ K#q.
roads
New roads are being laid in our colony

at present.
14. D
summer \O ^~ =
colony drinking water supply
K|_K#k.
Drinking water is being supplied

through tanks in our colony at present
15.
q^~ D ~A
W=|_K#q.
S.S.C
hall-tickets
Hall-tickets are being issued to the

S.S.C. students today
16. = Ò K<#O_ "\i

supply JQK#k.
Material is being supplied to us from
Chennai at present.
17. D "~O = office

clear K|_K#q.
pending files
Pending files are being cleared in our

office this week.
18. D < telephone

W=|_K#q.
connections
New telephone connections are being

given this month.
19.
H .a.S. "iK ^~
K|_K#k.
Jayendra
EXERCISE
D "HD
=
xH translate
K O_.
"HEnglish
= English
xH translate
K O_.
1. Ò D book market Q sale
JQK#k.
2. D "~O = office urgent files clear
K|_K#q.
3. Ò Jr. Inter admissions [~Q
K#q.
4. Ò ~+=O` Panchayat elections U~@ [~QK#q.
5. D O=`~O Inter q^~ D book
prescribe K |_#k.
6. Ò JH_ work perfect Q [~Q
K#k.
7. D ~A town communist party
"iK XH s ~b x~OK|_
K#k.
8. Merit q^~ D < intensive
coaching W=|_K#k.
9. D ~A Australia - India team =^
oneday match [~QK#k.
10. D O=`~O = = u
O_O|_K#k.
11. Teacher post sH interviews
x~O|_K#q.
12. `= P "i grand parents
K` +O|_K<~.
13. D ~A P temple `H [
x~O|_K#q.
14. `= =# ~+O new voters list
`~QK#k.
15. q"#
== =$^ JQK#k.
Jayendra's case is being investigated

by the C.B.I.
All is well that ends well.
Z
336
: 94406 16425
NEGATIVE FORM
[~|_Ò_x, K|_Ò_x XH xx QiOz zOKKO^=.
Ò = salary KeO|_@O ^.
D O=`~O H ` telephone connections W=|_@O ^.
D ~A JH_ x [~Q@O^.
Ò P film =# town îOK |_@O^.
J
J
J
J
"H= Ò K|_Ò_x ## zOKK#q.
D qÔQ ` O =#= =\_ K# ==# J#Q WC_, D ~A, D <, D

O=`~O continuous Q K |_Ò_x, [~|_Ò_x XH xx QiOz zOK@
"Am/Is/Are+ not+being + III form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=x
I, Subject Q L#C_ 'am+not+being' =K#.
Singular Subject Q L#C_ 'is+not+being' =K#.
Plural Subject Q L#C_ 'are+not+being' =K#.
EXAMPLES
1. ` = P ^ H = J=
~K|_@=^.
2.
The scheme is not being

implemented at present.
`= P serial
~=Q@^ .
The serial is not being telecast at
present.
3. ` O P O "iK x~ O
|_@O^.
4.
The firm is not being maintained by

them at present.
` O = computer classes
5.
Computer classes are not being

conducted to us at present.
Ò dull students ^ K|_@O
[~Q@O^.
^.
Attention is not being paid on dull

students.
337
6.

` O = JH_ #O_
supply JQ@^.
material
7.
The material is not being supplied to

us from that place at present.
Ò =# ~RO entry tax =
8.
The Entry tax is not being collected

in our state at present.
P film WC_ =# town îO
9.
10.
K|_@O^.
|_@O^.
That film is not being shown in our

town now.
WC_ JH_ work [~Q@^.
Work is not being done there now.

` O P college donations =
K_@O^.
Donations are not being collected in

that college at present.
,
: 94406
16425 .
11. D ~A JH_
[~Q@O^.
12.
functions
H U~@
Arrangements are not being made for

the function there today.
Ò P OÒ cotton O_O
|_@O^.
Cotton is not being grown in that area

at present.
13. Ò P WO\H J^ = K
|_@O^.
Rent is not being collected for that
house at present.
14.

` O "i =^ K~ [~Q@
O^ .
EXERCISE
D "HD
=
xH translate
K O_.
"HEnglish
= English
xH translate
K O_.
1. Ò P firm accounts iQ
maintain K|_@O^.
2. Ò = town drinking
supply K|_@O^.
water
3. Ò P car use K|_@O^.

4. D ~A = town |O^ \O
|_@O^.
5. Ò P =e"~ "i K
+O|_@O^.
16.
Discussions are not being made

among them now.
Ò Inter students D book
prescribe K|_@O^.
This book is not being prescribed to
the Inter students at present.

` O ration depot ^~ rice supply
17.
Rice is not being supplied through the

ration depots at present.
P O L^Q Ò salaries
18.
Salaries are not being paid to the

employees in that firm at present.
Ò O ^~ ~` loans
=OE~ K|_@O^.
10. Ò B.C. q^~

grant K|_@O^.
19.
Loans are not being granted to the

farmers through banks.
Ò P hostel iQ treat
11. Ò schools `Q
^ <iO|_@O^.
20.
The children are not being treated well

in that hostel at present.
Ò P case ^~ iQ [~Q@O
12. Ò RTC | q^~ free

pass issue K|_@O^.
13. ` O =# ~RO [# q
H~H=O x~OK|_@O^.
15.
K|_@O^.
KeO|_@O^.
K|_@O^.
^.
The case is not being investigated

properly at present.
6. ` O
society < u H q=
(moral values) \O |_@O^ .
7. Ò u~= u
tickets sale K@O^.
cellar
8. Ò education system standard

maintain K|_@O^.
9. Ò = hostel Non-veg. items
serve K|_@O^.
scholarship
Barrowed garments never fit well.
338
: 94406 16425
QUESTION FORM
XHH i =#= V W ` ~ ` =\ _ K # C _ ` O continuous Q
[~[_`#, K|_`# XH xx QiOz tOKKO^=.
Ò sH x~O|_K<?
D ~A JH_ g\OQ U~@ K|_K#" ?
Ò JH_ XH shopping complex x~OK|_K#^ ?
D < new ration cards issue K|_K#" ?
J
J
J
J
"H= Ò K|_K# ## tOK@# zOKK#q.
D qÔQ Ò =#O =\_K# ==# J#Q WC_, D ~A, D <, D

O=`~O continuous Q K|_K# XH xx QiOz zOK@
"Am/Is/Are+being+ III form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=x
'I' Subject Q
L#C_ 'am+being' =K#.

Singular Subject Q L#C_ 'is+being' =K#.
Plural Subject Q L#C_ 'are+being' =K#.
EXAMPLES
1. D~A JH_ C.M. g\OQ U~@
[~QK#"?
Are the arrangements being made
there for the C.M.'s meeting today?
2.

` O P ^H O q[=OÒQ J=
~K|_K#^?
4.
Is the scheme being implemented

successfully now?
P case WOH ^~ K|_K#^?
Is that case still being investigated?
Ò JH_ H` theatre x~}O
5.
is a new theatre being constructed

there at present?
D < H` ration cards distribute
3.
[~QK#^?
K|_K#"?
Are new ration cards being distributed

this month?
339
6. Ò main
K#^?
road repair
K|_
7.
Is the main road being repaired now?

qk serial ETV WOH
~O K
8.
Is the serial "Vidhi" still being telecast

on ETV.

` O Intermediate exams x~OK
9.
Are Intermediate exams being

conducted at present?
D "~O urgent files clear K|_
10.
Are urgent files being cleared this

week?
Guests dinner serve K |_
|_K#^?
|_K#"?
K#"?
K#^?
Is dinner being served to the guests

now?
: 94406 16425
'Wh' QUESTIONS
EXERCISE
11. Ò g classes ZH_ x~OK

|_K#q ?
12.
Where are the classes being

conducted to you at present ?
Ò P O Z=i K` maintain
13.
By whom is that firm being

maintained at present ?
WC_ D material ZH_ supply
14.
Where is this material being supplied

now ?
Ò ~`= U film îOK
15.
which film is being shown at Ratna

Mahal at present?
D application forms ZH_ J=|_
16.
Where are these application forms

being sold ?
Ò J`xH ZO` salary KeO|_
K|_K#k ?
K|_K#k?
|_K#k ?
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
K#q ?
K#k ?
18.
Howmuch salary is being paid to

him now ?
D "~O English class U lesson
teach K|_K#k ?
Which lesson is being taught in the
English calss this week ?
` O P camp ZO` = Ok
19.
For howmany candidates is the

training being given in that camp at
present ?
D building ZO^ e "|_
17.
1.
J~ tH}
W=|_K#k ?
K#k ?
Why is that building being demolished

now ?
20. Ò JH_ Uq x [~QK#k ?

What work is being done there at
present ?
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Merit q^~
D < special classes
[~QK#" ?

` O P products market Q sale
JQK#" ?
` O 'water' film Bengal
zfHiOK|_K#^ ?
D O=`~O Jx @}
PH=
}
`yO|_K#" ?
Ò HO^ |_\ prepare K|_
K#^ ?
D ~A g institute function
celebrate K|_K#^ ?
D < WO@~ sH x~OK|_
K#" ?
D forms ZH_ J=|_K#q ?
Ò h ZO` salary KeO|_
K#k ?
D ~A work ZH_ [~QK#k ?
P old age home ZO`=Ok PO
HeOK|_K<~ ?
Muncipal ZxH ballot papers ZH_
print K|_`#q ?
` O P case Z=i K ` ^ ~
K|_K#k ?
g OÒ

` O Z=Q U O@
O_O|_K#k ?
Ò "iH training ZH_ W=|_
`#k ?
Fools are pleased with their own faults.
340
: 94406 16425

K|_Ò_x XH xx QiOz negative sense tOKKO^=.
D O=`~O g college seminors x~O|_@O^?

Ò bank post x=H [~Q@ O^?
Ò JH_ D G.O. J=^?
D ~A cards O} [~Q@O^?
J
J
J
J
"H= Ò K|_Ò_x ## QiOz tOK@# zOK

K#q.
D q^=Q Ò =#= =\_K# ==# D~A, D"~O, D<, D
O=`~= continuous Q K|_Ò_x, [~|_Ò_x XH xx QiOz negative

sense tOK@# zOK@
"Isn't + Aren't + being + III form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Note : "H=x
Subject Singular J~#C_ 'Isn't + being' =K#.
Plural J~#C_ 'Aren't being' =K#.
EXAMPLES
1. Ò g classes [~Q_O^?
6. Ò P serial
~==@O^?
Aren't the classes being conducted to

you at present?
2. Ò P ^HO J=^?
Isn't that scheme being implemented
at present?
3. Ò P
^?
movie
=#
town
Isn't that serial being telecast at

present?
7. WH_ # iQ = H=@O
^?
Aren't the taxes being collected
regularly?
P_@O
8. Ò P O u O_@O^?
Isn't that movie being shown in our

town at present?
4. WC_H_
^?
function
U~@ [~Q@O
Aren't arrangements being made there

for the function?
5. ` O P
vehicle use ^ ?
Isn't that vehicle being used now?
341
Isn't cotton being grown in that field at

present?
9.
Dinner H items `~ H=@O^?

Aren't items being prepared for
dinner?
10. BSNL H` connections W=|_@O^?

Aren't new connections being given by
the BSNL?
EXERCISE
'Wh' QUESTIONS
11. Ò g Chennai #O_

ZO^ supply H=@O^?
12.
material
Why isn't the material being supplied

to you from Chennai at present?
P modal cars Ò ZO^ sale
H=@O^?
13.
Why aren't the cars of that model being

sold at present?
Classcal movies ZO^ xiOK|_@O
14.
Why aren't classical movies being

made (produced) at present?
Ò colleges i# H=tH}
^?
ZOÔ_@O^?
Why isn't good discipline being

maintained in the colleges at present?
15. Ò H` x=H ZO^

[~Q@O^?
16.
Why aren't the new appointments being

made at present?
Ò P project x "QOQ ZO^
[~Q@O^?
17.
Why isn't the work of that project being

done fast?
Ò T.V Channels old movies
18.
Why aren't old movies being telecast

on T.V. Channels at present?
Ò O_Q grand Q ZO^
19.
Why aren't festivals being celebrated

grand at present?
` school level studies quality
ZO^
~O H=@O^ ?
[~Q@O^?
ZOÔ_@O^?
Why isn't quality being maintained in

studies at school level?
20.
` O #O_ WO_ sugar
ZO^ kQ=u J=@O^?
: 94406 16425
Why isn't sugar being imported to

India from Cuba at present?

1.

` O g college donations =
K|_@O^?
2. D ~A project report `~ H=@O
^?
3.

` O H ` ration cards =OE~ J=@O
^?
4. Voter list H` ~ #"^ H=@O
^?
5.

` O govt. hospitals medicines free
Q ~~ H=@O^?
6. D < H` Cellone connections
W=|_@O^?
7. D < Hr admissions [~Q_O
^?
8.

` O g practice tests [~Q@
O ^?
9. D ~A cricket match T.V relay J=@O
^?
10. Ò g study classes ZO^
x~OK|_@O ^?
11. ` O P case ZO^ ^ ~
K|_@O^?
12.

` O P ^H O J= ZO^ ^ ?
13. ` O games ZO^ practise
K|_@O^?
14. Ò P room ZO^ use ^?
15. Ò new polocies ZO^ book
K_O^?
Success comes to those who are brave.
342
: 94406 16425
REVISION
=#= D ~A Uq <~<= ?
D ~A =#= =# Spoken English Course 'Am/Is/ Are + being + III form of the
Verb' J# structure QiOz <~<=. nxx grammar "Passive Voice -Present
Continuous Tense" JO\~. nx =#= 1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question
Form 4. Negative Question Form J# 4 parts <~<=. D 4 parts XHi revise
KO^=.
1. POSITIVE FORM :
Ò =#O =\_K# ==# continuous Q K|_K =#

[~|_K =# XH xx QiOz zOK@ " Am / Is / Are + being + III form
of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. The examinations are being conducted this month.

2. Discussions are being made today.
3. An interesting programme is being made today.
4. Special classes are being conducted this month.
2. NEGATIVE FORM :
Ò =#O =\_K# ==# continuous Q K|_KO_x
[~|_KO_x XH xx QiOz negative sense zOK@ " Am / Is /
Are + not + being + III form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex : 1. Work is not being done there at present.
2. Water is not being supplied today.
3. New houses are not being constructed in our colony at present.
4. Free passes are not being issued now.
3. QUESTION FORM :
` O =#O =\ _ K # = =# continuous Q K |_ K # ,
[~|_K#, XH xx QiOz tOK@# zOK@ " Am / Is / Are +
being + III form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex : 1. Is the meeting being conducted now?
2. Are the cards being printed now?
3. Is she being kept in the I.C.U.?
4. Are the votes being polled?
Ò =#O =\_K# ==# continuous Q K|_KO_x,
[~|_KO_x XH xx QiOz negative sense tOK@# zOK@
" Isn't / Aren't + being + III form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex : 1. Is n't milk being sold here?
2. Are n't the files being cleared this week?
3. Is n't the problem being discussed now?
4. Are n't the hall-tickets being issued today?
343
: 94406 16425

I Form
II Form
III Form
681.
Encroach
encroached
encroached
682.
Enforce
enforced
enforced
683.
Enquire
enquired
enquired
684.
Enhance
enhanced
enhanced
685.
Enrage
enraged
enraged
686.
Erase
erased
erased
687.
Evaporate
evaporated
evaporated
688.
Excel
excelled
excelled
689.
Excite
excited
excited
690.
Exclaim
exclaimed
exclaimed
691.
Execute
executed
executed
692.
Exempt
exempted
exempted
693.
Exhaust
exhausted
exhausted
694.
Explode
exploded
exploded
695.
Export
exported
exported
696.
Extol
extolled
extolled
697.
Flop
flopped
flopped
698.
Glitter
glittered
glittered
699.
Guard
guarded
guarded
700.
Grumble
grumbled
grumbled
D ~A
Meaning
PHqOK@
PK~}xH `K@
qKiOK@
OK@
H= HeyOK@
`_z" @
Pq~=@
Z=Q =O_@
Z= J#uO^@
Z=Q OkOK@
Lif@
q#~OK@
J@ KO^@
@
ZQ=u K@
Q_@
J[= O^@
"~@
~HOK@
}Q@

Z
344
Idle mind is devil's workshop.
: 94406 16425
PASSIVE VOICE - PAST CONTINUOUS

XHHi =#= W`~ ` =\_ K#C _ QÒ x XH ==#O^ continuous Q [~|_Ò_#, K |_Ò_# XH xx QiOz zOKKO^=.
x# Vijayawada polling x~O |_Ò_#k.

x# Star Sports channel match ~=QKO_#k.
Q` O=`~= = classes P old building x~O|_KO_#q.
Q`"~O college degree admissions [~QKO_#q.
J
J
J
J
"H = Q ` O
zOKK#q.
continuous
Q K|_KO_# ## QiOz
D q^=Q QÒ x XH ==#O^ J#Q x#, Q`" ~O, Q` <, Q` O=`~O H

QÒx =i W`~ ==#O^## continuous Q K |_KO_# xx QiOz
zOK@
"Was/were+being+ III form of the Verb" LyOK =#.
Note : "H=x
Subject Singular J~#C_ 'was' =K#.
Plural J~#C_ 'were' =K#.
EXAMPLES
1.
Last week teacher post interviews
5. JC_
x~OK|_KO_#q.
2.
Interviews were being conducted for

the teacher posts last week.
Last month = special classes
6.
x~OK|_KO_#q.
3.
Special classes were being

conducted to us last month.
x# JH_ field work manager K ~
"HO |_KO_#k.
4.
345
The field work was being supervised

by the manger there yesterday.
Last month SBI House loans
sanction K |_KO_#q.
House-loans were being sanctioned
in the SBI last month.
degree students D book

prescribe K |_Ò_#k.
This book was being prescribed to the
Degree students then.
Q` ~O_ ~A Lions Club "iK P
Ti Free Medical Camp x~O
|_KO_#k.
7.
Free medical camp was being

organized by the Lion's Club in that
village last two days.
Q` O=`~O P college donations
8.
Donations were being collected in that

college last year.
Last week P theatre XH old film
= K |_KO_#q.
^
i OK|_KO_#k.
An old film was being shown at that

theatre last week.
,
: 94406
16425 .
9.
` L^Q JC_ # KeO
|_Ò_#k.
Bonus was being paid
to the
government employees then.
10. ~ u JO` H l
[~QKO_#k.
farewell party
The farewell party was being

celebrated in the college last night.
11. x# DD sports channel cricket match

relay K |_KO_#k.
The cricket match was being relayed
on the DD Sports Channel yesterday.
12. Q ` O D factory H raw material

chennai #O_ supply K |_
Ò_#k.
The raw material was being supplied
to this factory from Chennai in the past.
13. x# Telugu class

K |_Ò_#k.
notes dictate
Note was being dictated in the Telugu

class yesterday.
14. x#
free
issue K |_KO_#q.
club members
pass
Free passes were being issued to the

club members yesterday.
EXERCISE
D "HD
=
xH translate
K O_.
"HEnglish
= English
xH translate
K
1. O_.
Last month S.S.C sH
x~O|_Ò_#q.
2. N.T.R. HO =# ~+O =^
[# ^H= q[=OÒQ J=
~K|_K#k.
3. Last year E.T.V K}H serial
~=Q KO_#k.
4. JC_ P case C.B.I. "iK ^~
K |_KO_#k.
5. Last year =# state entry tax collect K |_KO_#k.
6. Q` ~O_ ~A invitation cards distribute K |_KO_#q.
7. Q` "~O JO` pending files clear
K |_KO_#q.
8. Last year B.C. q^~ LzÒQ
books supply K|_Òk#q.
9. H` L^Q last month training
classes x~O|_Ò_#q.
10. x# Jx T.V. Channels special
programmes
~=QKO_#q.
11. x# JH_ meeting H U~@ [~Q
KO_#q.
12. x# class new lesson teach
K |_Ò_#k.
13. ~u JO` "i =^ K~ [~Q
KO_#q.
14. Last month = town PH=} Jh
`yO|_KO_#q.
15. x# P Ti =~^ k` food
packets O} K |_KO_#q.
He who hunts two hares catches neither.
346
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NEGATIVE FORM
XHHi =#= W`~` =\_K#C_ QÒx XH ==#O^
continuous Q [~ | _ ` O_ x , K |_ ` O_ x XH x x Q iOz
zOKKO^=.
J Lat month = classes [~Q Ò_^.
J x# JH_ meeting x~O|_Ò_^.
J D scheme last year J= ~K|_Ò_^.
J Q` "~O = hall-tickets issue K|_Ò_^.
"H= = QÒ
zOKK#q.
continuous
Q K|_Ò_x ## QiOz

QÒ x =i W`~ ==#O^# # continuous Q K |_Ò_x, [~|_Ò_x
XH xx QiOz zOK@
"Was/Were +not+being+III form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=x
Singluar Subject J~#C_ 'was' =K#.
Plural Subject J~#C_ 'were not+ being+III form' =K#.
EXAMPLES
1.
Last week
2.
Classes were not being conducted

to us in the college last week.
Last month WH _
D road
3.
4.
5.
=
[~QÒ_^.
college
classes
"|_Ò_^.
This road was not being laid here last

month.
x# JH_ work [~QÒ_^.
Work was not being done there
yesterday.
JC_ 'D<_ daily u
jiH
publish J=Ò_^.
'Pratibha' column was not being
published in Eenadu daily then.
J C _ H r D courses Jx
x~O |_Ò_^.
All these courses were not being

conducted in the colleges then.
347
6. JC_ = school
|_Ò_^.
7.
Hindi kO
Hindi was not being taught to us in

the schools then.
x# one day cricket match T.V. relay
K|_Ò_^.
The Oneday cricket match was not

being relayed on T.V. yesterday.
8. x# JH_ g\OQH U~@ [~Q

Ò_^.
Arrangements were not being made
there for the meeting yesterday.
9. JC_ = O K~ O_O
|_Ò_^.
10.
Sugarcane was not being grown in

our field then.
Last month P club cultural
programmes x~O|_Ò_^.
Cultural programmes were not being
held in that club last month.
,
: 94406
16425 .
11. WO` =O^ =# state D scheme

J= ~K|_Ò_^.
13.
This scheme was not being

implemented in our state there.
D Grammar book last year =
prescribe K|_Ò_^.
This Grammar book was not being
prescribed to us last year.
x# P time tickets issue K|_
14.
Tickets were not being issued at that

time yesterday.
J C _ taxes strict Q =
15.
Taxes were not being collected strictly

then.
= last week lessons revise
16.
Lessons were not being rvised to us

last week.
x# class notes dictate
17.
Notes was not being dictated in the

class yesterday.
WO` =O^ D office rules iQ
12.
18.
Ò_^.
K|_Ò_^.
K|_Ò_^.
K|_Ò_^.
\O|_Ò_^
.
Rules were not being followed in that

office then.
XHC_ =# area D festival
celebrate K|_Ò_^.
This festival was not being celebrated
in our area once.
19. Q` O=`~O D O L^Q

salaries iQ KeO|_Ò_^.
Salaries were not being paid promptly
to the employees in that firm last year.
20. J C _ = JH _
HeOK|_Ò_^.
= u
Accommodation was not being

provided to us there then.
EXERCISE
D "HD
=
xH translate
K O_.
"HEnglish
= English
xH translate
K O_.
1.
J C _ WO` strict Q traffic rules
\O|_@O^ .
2. JC_ TV Channels Wx serials
~=QKO_^
.
3. J C _ WH _ shopping complex
xiOK|_Ò_^.
4. "iH JC_ bonus KeO|_Ò_
^.
5. JC_ ZxH WO` strict Q x~O
|_Ò_^.
6. = JC_ material supply K |_
Ò_^.
7. ~u JH_ K~ [~QÒ_^.
8. WO`=O^ P theatre new films
îO|_Ò_^.
9. Last year = classes i Q
x~O|_Ò_^.
10. Last year = office accounts iQ
x~O|_Ò_^.
11. J C _ D house H rent =
K|_Ò_^.
12. J C _ case i Q ^ ~
K|_Ò_^.
13. WO`=O^ D machines WH_
`~=Ò_^.
14. WO` =O^ D q+ = meeting
KiO|_Ò_^.
Fools build houses and wise men live in them.
348
: 94406 16425
QUESTION FORM
XHHi =#= VW`~` =\_K#C_ QÒx XH ==#O^
continuous Q [~|_Ò_#, K |_Ò_# XH xx QiOz
t
OKKO^=.
x# Vijayawada polling x~OK |_` LO_#^ ?

Q` ~u JH_ K~ [~QKO_#" ?
x# Star Sports channel match ~=Q KO_#^ ?
Q` O=`~O g classes P old building x~O|_ KO_#" ?
Q`"~O college degree admissions [~QKO_#" ?
J
J
J
J
J
"H= QÒ
zOKK#q.
continuous
Q K|_Ò_# ## tOK@#
D qÔQ QÒ x XH ==#O^ J#Q x# Q`" ~O, Q`< , Q` O=`~O, H

QÒx =i W`~ ==#O^## continuous Q K |_KO_# XH xx QiOz
zOK@
"Was/Were+being+ III form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=x
Subject - Singular J~#C_ 'was' =K#.
Plural J~#C_ 'were' =K#.
EXAMPLES
1. x# T.V.
Ò_#^?
match relay
K|_
2.
Was the match being relayed on T.V.

yesterday?
Last week Hyderabad curfew
3.
Was the curfew being levied in

Hyderabad last week?
Last month college admissions
4.
Were the admissions being made in

your college last month?
Last year ~ ` loans sanction
issue
8.
Were the pending files being cleared

last week?
x# D T.V. set repair K |_
9.
Was this T.V. set being repaired

yesterday?
Last month H` telephone connections
10.
Were new telephone connections

being given last month?
Last year =# ~RO entry tax collect
K |_Ò_#"?
Were food packets being distributed

to the flood victims yesterday?
7.
x~O|_Ò_#"?
5. x# =~^ k` P~ \
O} K |_` LO_#"?
pass
Were the passes being issued to the

club members yesterday?
Last week pending files clear
qk|_Ò_#^?
Were the loans being sanctioned to

the farmers last year?
349
6. x# club
K |_KO_#"?
K |_Ò_#"?
Ò_#^?
W=|_KO_#"?
K |_Ò_#^?
Was the entry tax being collected in

our state last year?
,
'Wh' QUESTIONS
Which lesson was being taught in the

English class yesterday?
1. x# JH _ ~e x~ O | _
Ò_#^?
2. Last week nominations ^Y
K |_Ò_#"?
3. x# cards print K |_Ò_#"?
4. Last month P H = } `yO _
Ò_#"?
5. x# JH_ K~ [~QÒ_#"?
6. g JC_ u O=`~O #
KeO|_Ò_^?
7. g OÒ JC_
u
O_O|_
Ò_^?
8. Q ` "~ = interview ZH _
x~O|_Ò_#q?
9. gH C _ ZO` salary K e O | _
Ò_#k?
10. J C _ "iH Maths U book
prescribe K |_Ò_#k?
11. Last series =# cricket team
Z=iK` lead K |_KO_#k?
12. Last week P theatre U film
^
i O|_KO_#k?
13. Last week interviews ZH _
x~O|_KO_#q?
14. WO` =O^ P O Z=iK `
maintain K |_KO_#k?
15. x# P H* U sH x~O|_
KO_#k?
12. QÒ D WO\H ZO` # =

K |_Ò_#k?
Howmuch tax was being collected for
this house in the past?
WO` =O^ <~ town H water
ZH_ #O_ supply K |_
Ò_#k?
From where was water being

supplied to Nellore town previously?
14. QÒ D OÒ Z=Q U O@

O_O|_Ò_#k?
15.
Which crop was being grown mostly

in this area previously?
QÒ India sugar ZH_ #O_
16.
From where was sugar being

imported to India in the past?
x# meeting U q+O KiO|_
17.
Which matter was being discussed

in the meeting yesterday?
WO` =O^ P family Z feed
18.
How was that family being fed

previoulsy?
h JC_ ZO` salary KeO|_
19.
20.
EXERCISE
lesson teach
11. x# English class U

K |_Ò_#k?
13.
: 94406 16425
kQ=u K H#|_Ò_#k?
Ò_#k?
K |_Ò_#k?
Ò_#k?
Howmuch salary was being paid to

you then?
g JC_ JH_ Grammar Z=i K`
teach K |_Ò_#k?
By Whom was Grammar being taught
to you there then?
WO` =O^ g amout ZH_ deposit
K |_Ò_#k?
Where was your amount being

deposited previously?
If a blind man leads another blind man, both fall into a ditch.
350
: 94406 16425

XHHi =#= W`~ ` =\_ K#C _ QÒ continuous Q K
O _|_x,
[~|_x XH xx QiOz negative sense tOK@# zOKKO^~.
x# JH_ work [~QÒ_^?

Last month g classes [~QÒ_^?
Last year g D material supply J=Ò_^?
WO` =O^ D course x~O |_Ò_^?
J
J
J
J
"H= QÒ continuous Q KO_|_x XH xx QiOz negative sense

tOK@# zOKK#q.
D q^=Q QÒ x XH == continuous Q KO_|_x, [~|_x XH xx

"Wasn't / Weren't + being + III form of the Verb " LyOK =#.
*
Note : "H=x
Subject Singular J~#C_ 'Wasn't' =K#.
Plural J~#C_ 'Weren't' LyOK =#.
EXAMPLES
1. JC_ D entrance
|_Ò_^?
tests
x~O
2.
Weren't these entrance tests being

conducted then?
x# g college classes
3.
Weren't the classes being conducted

to you in the college yesterday?
JC_ J`xH salary KeO|_Ò_
[~QÒ_^?
^?
Wasn't the salary being paid to him

then?
4. x# JH_ x [~QÒ_^?
Wasn't work being done there

yesterday?
5. x# JH_ U~@ [~QÒ_^?

Weren't the arrangements being made
there yesterday?
351
6. x# JH_ K~ [~QÒ_^?
Weren't the discussions being made

there yesterday?
7. D material g JC_
|_Ò_^?
supply
Wasn't this material being supplied to

you then?
8.
D bank
K|_Ò_^?
Last year
loans sanction
Weren't the loans being sanctioned in

this bank last year?
9. JC_ D vehicle use K|_Ò_

^?
Wasn't this vehicle being used then?
10. x# pass *s K|_Ò_^?
Weren't the passes being issued

yesterday?
,
: 94406
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11. D ^H= JC_ ZO^ J=

J=Ò_^?
12.
13.
14.
Why wasn't this scheme being

implemented then?
JC_ taxes iQ ZO^ =
K|_Ò_^?
Why weren't the taxes being collected

then?
D channel JC_ serials ZO^
~=QKO_^
?
Why weren't the serials being telecast

on this channel then?
Last month files ZO^ clear
K|_Ò_^?
15.
Why weren't the files being cleared last

month?
g JC_ bonus ZO^ KeO
16.
Why wasn't bonus being paid to you

then?
WO` =O^ D club programmes
|_Ò_^?
ZO^ x~OK|_Ò_^?
18.
Why weren't the programmes being

conducted in this club then?
Last summer g town drinking water
ZO^ supply K|_Ò_^?
Why wasn't drinking water being
supplied in your town last summer?
J C _ D rules ZO^ follow
19.
Why weren't these rules being

followed then?
Last four years H ` x =H
20.
Why weren't the new appointments

being made last four years?
D case Q` O=`~O ZO^ ^~
17.
J=Ò_^?
ZO^ [~QÒ_^?
K|_Ò_^?
Why wasn't this case

investigated last year?
EXERCISE
D "HD
=
xH translate
K O_.
"HEnglish
= English
xH translate
K
O_. JC_ grammar <iOK|_Ò_
1. g
^?
2. h= J C _ studies Ò
|_Ò_^?
3. Last year donations = K
|_Ò_^?
4. JC_ bills regular Q KeO|_Ò_
^?
5. x# cards distrubute K|_Ò_
^?
6. g JC_ J#=u aO _^
?
7. Last year D news paper Ongole unit
#O_ circulate J=Ò_^?
8. Last week JH_ interviews [~QÒ_
^?
9. D movie last week D theratre
îO|_Ò_^?
10. x# cricket match T.V. relay J=Ò_
^?
11. g JC_ notes ZO^ dictate
K|_Ò_^?
12. g OÒ WO` =O^ K~
ZO^ O_O|_Ò_^
?
13. Last month H ` licences ZO^
=OE~ K|_Ò_^?
14. P show room WO`=O^ credit
cards ZO^ J#=uOK|_Ò_
^?
15. WO` =O^ D medicine ZO^
prescribe K|_Ò_^?
being
No man can serve two masters.
Z
352
: 94406 16425
REVISION
=#= D ~A Uq <~<= ?
D ~A =#= =# Spoken English Course 'Was/Were + being + III form of
the Verb' J# structure QiOz <~<=. D structure # grammar "Passive
Voice -Past Continuous Tense" JO\~. nx =#= 1. Positive Form 2. Negative
Form 3. Question Form 4. Negative Question Form J# 4 parts <~<=.
1. POSITIVE FORM :
QÒx HO`HO continuous Q K |_KO_#, [~|_KO_# XH

xx QiOz zOK@ " Was/Were + being + III form of the Verb "
LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. Work was being done here yesterday.

2. Cards were being distributed yesterday.
3. The programme was being organized yesterday.
4. Arrangements were being made yesterday.
2. NEGATIVE FORM :
QÒx HO`HO continuous Q K|_KO_x, [~|_KO_x XH
xx QiOz zOK@ " Was/Were + not + being + III form of the Verb "
LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. This vehicle was not being used last year.

2. Passes were not being issued then.
3. New appointments were not being made last year.
4. The material was not being supplied then.
3. QUESTION FORM :
QÒ x HO`HO continuous Q K |_KO_#, [~|_KO_# XH xx
tOK@# zOK@
" Was/Were + being + III form of the Verb " LyOK=#.

Ex : 1. Was this bridge being constructed last year?
2. Were the admissions being made last month?
3. Was this scheme being implemented last year?
4. Were the hall tickets being issued yesterday?
QÒx HO`HO continuous Q K|_KO_x, [~|_KO_x
xx QiOz negative sense tOK@# zOK@
" Wasn't / Weren't+ being + III form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex : 1. Wasn't paddy being grown here then?
2. Weren't English movies being shown here then?
3. Wasn't the problem being discussed yesterday?
353
XH
: 94406 16425

I Form
II Form
III Form
701. Guard
guarded
guarded
702.` Gurgle
gurgled
gurgled
703. Guzzle
`guzzled
guzzled
704. Habituate
habituated
habituated
705. Haggle
haggled
haggled
706. Harass
harassed
harassed
707. Harden
hardened
hardened
708. Haunt
haunted
haunted
709. Hearken
hearkened
hearkened
710. Heckle
heckled
heckled
711. Hesitate
hesitated
hesitated
712. Hint
hinted
hinted
713. Hobnob
hobnobbed
hobnobbed
714. Huddle
huddled
huddled
715. Hypothecate
hypothecated
hypothecated
716. Ignite
ignited
ignited
717. Illustrate
illustrated
illustrated
718. Imbibe
imbibed
imbibed
719. Imitate
imitated
imitated
720. Immerse
immersed
immersed
D ~A
Meaning
H_@
HQ@
PQ lOK@
J"@_@
@^K@
kOK@
Hi#= K@
OKiOK@
PHOK@
J_"@
OÔK,
"=@_
zOK@
H" =O_@
QO^~Q= K@
^=@@
iH@, ~Q@
LîOK@
QOK@
J#HiOK@
=OK@

Z
354
Be a Roman when you are in Rome.
: 94406 16425
PASSIVE VOICE - PRESENT PERFECT

XHHi =#= W`~ ` =\_ K#C _ (just) WC_Qx, already WO`
=O^ ZC_Qx, WO`=~ Qx K|_#, [~|_# XH xx QiOz
zOKKO^=.
J
J
J
J
D letters WC_ type K |_#q.

= house plan already approval K |_#k.
W\ =~ = 25 application forms JOk#q.
J`xH already loan sanction J~#k.
"H= WC_, WO`=O^, WO`=~ K|_# ## QiOz

zOKK#q.
D q^=Q =#= =\_ K# ==# WC_ K |_# xx QiOz Qx, WO`

=O^ K|_# xx QiOz Qx, WO`=~ XH x Zx ~= K|_#k,
[~|_#k zOK@
"Have/Has+been+ III form of the Verb" LyOK =#.
*
Note : "H=
Subject Singular ('I' q#) J~#C_ 'has been' =K#.
Plural J~#C_ 'have been' =K#.
EXAMPLES
1. D HH just WC_ `~#k.
This cake has been made just now.
2.
7. J` x financial
i~=~Ok.
His financial problem has already been

solved.
Meeting just WC_ commence J~#k.

The meeting has been commenced
just now.
3. D letters just WC_ type K |_#q.
8. = already
JOk#q.
Work just WC_
i J~#k.
The work has been finished just now.
5. D message WC_ JOk#k.

This message has been received just
now.
6. = syllabus already iJ~#k.

Our syllabus
completed.
355
has
already been
appointment orders
The apppointment orders have already

been received to us.
These letters have been typed just

now.
4.
problem already
9.
Cricket match tickets
J~~#q.
Jh
already
All the tickets for the cricket match have

already been sold.
10. D q+= already XH x~O

fH#@ [iy#k.
A decision has already been taken in
this matter.
,
: 94406
16425 .
11. "i house - loan already clear J~#k.

12.
Their house loan has already been

cleared.
Exam date already announce K
|_#k.
15.
The exam date has already been

announced.
W\=~ = maths <Q
chapters i J~#q.
Four chapters have been completed
in Mathematics to us sofar.
W\=~ 2000 cards print J~#q.
2000 cards have been printed sofar.
D< W\=~ 6 films release
16.
Six films have been released this

month sofar.
W\=~ "QO_ project 150
13.
14.
J~#q.
H@ ~ Y~ J~#k.
18.
Rs. 150 crores has been spent for the

Velugonda project sofar.
W \ = ~ D scheme 21 H`
policies book J~#q.
21 new policies have been booked
in this scheme sofar.
W\=~ D books 4000 copies sale
19.
4000 copies of this book have been

sold sofar.
W\=~ D ~A ~. 15000 collect
20.
Rs. 15000 has been collected this

month sofar.
W\=~ = 20 application forms
17.
J~#q.
J~#k.
JOk#q.
20 application forms have been

received to us sofar.
EXERCISE
D "HD
=
xH translate
K O_.
"HEnglish
= English
xH translate
K O_.
1. D work just WC_ finish J~#k.
2.
Shop just WC_ close
3.
programme just
J~#k.
W_
commence
J~#k.
4.
Dinner just W_ serve K |_#k.
5.
== just WC_ deliver J~#q.
6.
D book already publish J~#k.
7.
dinner H items already `~~#q.
8.
e `
H \
O K|_#q.
9.
Degree admissions already close
S.S.C.
already
J~#q.
10.
Function H already U~@
11. D "~O W\ =~ 22
J~#q.
[iy#q.
files clear
12. D match W\ =~ 132 overs

bowl K |_#q.
13. = showroom D < W\
=~ 25 Sony T.V. sets sale
J~<~.
14. W \ =~ H "i account
Rs. 2,50,000 deposit K |_#k.
15. W\ =~
H O l 2,412 Cell
One connections W=|_<~.
Better be alone than in bad company.
356
: 94406 16425
NEGATIVE FORM
XHHi =#= W`~ ` =\_ K#C _

` ==# WOH H
WO`=~ K|_x, [~|_x XH xx QiOz zOKKO^=.
J Lunch H WOH items `~ H^.
J = sH `k WOH Y~~ H^.
J = Hl _w admissions WOH =y^.
J = WOH telephone connection W=|_^.
"H= W\=~ WOH K|_x ## zOKK#q.
D qÔQ =#= =\_ K# ` == =~ WOH K |_x, [~|_x XH

xx QiOz zOK@
"Have/Has+not+been + III form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=
'I' 'We' 'You', 'They' - Subject Q L#C_ 'Have' =K#.
'He' - 'She', 'It' - Subject Q L#C_ 'Has' =K#.
EXAMPLES
1. = college WOH reopen H^.
7.
Our college has not yet been

reopened.
2. = WOH orders JO^^.

The orders have not yet been
received to us.
3. P W WOH Mm J=^.
The house has not yet been vacated.
4. P file WOH clear J=^.

The Kashmir problem has not yet been
solved.
6.
357
Programme WOH "^H^.

The programme has not yet been
commenced.
|_^.
sH e` WOH H\OK
The Degree examination results have

not yet been announced.
8. < WOH loan sanction H^.

The loan has not yet been sanctioned
to me.
9. = D O=`~O WOH | i
H^.
Our syllabus has not yet been
completed this year.
That file has not yet been cleared.
5. Hj~ = WOH i~O H^ .
Degree
10.
Wedding cards WOH distribute H^.

The wedding coards have not yet been
distributed.
11. = work WOH i H^.

Our work has not yet been finished.
,
: 94406
16425 .
12.
Lunch
items
Items have not yet been prepared for

lunch.
13.
EXERCISE
WOH `~ H^.
D "HD
=
xH translate
K O_.
"HEnglish
= English
xH translate
K O_.
1. P dress WOH stitch K|_^.
Cheque WOH encash H^.

The cheque has not yet been
2.
encashed.
14. WOH tickets book K|_^.

The tickets have not yet been booked.
15.
16. ZxH notification WOH

K|_^.
5.
Amount WOH collect
6.
Function
been issued.
Flyover construction WOH i H^.
The construction of Fly-over has not
yet been completed.
H WOH U~@ H^.
7. J`xH D < WOH

|_^.
The holidays have not yet been

declared.
KeO
8. WOH x~O fH#|_^.
10. = house
iH^.
T.V. set WOH repair K|_^.
11.
Admission list
The T.V. set has not yet been repaired.
12.
Letters
13.
Project Report
20. = WOH P message JO^^.

received to us.
salary
9. P G.O. WOH pass H^.
18. = WOH H\O|_^.
The message has not
J=^.
issue
The election notification has not yet
19.
3. = colony WOH roads " |_^

.
4. D ~A WOH milk supply J=^.
Cards WOH print H^.

The cards have not yet been printed.
17.
Letters WOH post H^.
yet been
construction
WOH
WOH H\O|_^.
WOH deliver H^.

WOH `~H^.
14. H` text books WOH print H^.

15. P case f~ WOH "=_^.
Z
Pebbles and diamonds are alike to a blind man.
358
: 94406 16425
QUESTION FORM
XHHi =#= VW`~` =\_K#C_ WC_Qx, WO` =O^
ZC_Qx, WO`=~ Qx K |_#, [~|_# XH xx QiOz
t
OKKO^=.
D letters just WC_ type K |_#" ?

g house plan already approval K |_#^?
W\=~ g 25 applications JOk#"?
J`xH already loan sanction K |_#^ ?
J
J
J
J
"H= WC_, WO` =O^, WO`=~ K |_# ## QiOz

t
OK@#
zOKK#q.
D qÔQ =#O =\_ K# ==# WC_ K |_# XH xx QiOz Qx, WO`

=O^ K |_# XH xx QiOz Qx, WO`=~ XH x Zx ~= K |_#k,
[~|_#k t OK@# zOK@
"Have/Has+been+ III form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=x
Subject Singular (I q#) J~#C_ 'has been' =K#.
Plural J~#C_ 'have been' =K#.
EXAMPLES
1. D letters
|_#"?
just
WC_
deliver
Have these letters been delivered

justnow?
2.
W C _
Admission list already

H \
O |_#^?
Has the admission list already been
announced ?
7. D news g already è#^ ?
commence
Has this news already been known

to you ?
Has the programme just been

commenced ?
8. W\ =~ D < h ~. 2000
Y~ J~#^ ?
Programme just
J~#^ ?
3. D item just WC_ `~ J~#^ ?

Has this item just been prepared ?
4. g house loan already clear J~#^?

Has your house loan already been
cleared ?
5. =# journey H
K |_#" ?
tikets already book
Have the tickets already been booked

for our journey ?
359
6.
Has Rs. 2000 been spent to you this

month sofar ?
9. W \ =~ D loan <Q
instalments KeO
|_#" ?
Have four instalments been paid for this
loan sofar ?
10. W \ =~ D ~A 8
K |_#" ?
files clear
Have eight files been cleared today

sofar ?
: 94406 16425
'Wh' QUESTIONS
EXERCISE
11. g W\ =~ Mathematics Zx
chapters teach K |_#q?
12.
13.
Howmany chapters have been taught

to you in Mathematics sofar ?
D match W\ =~ Zx overs
bowl K |_#q ?
Howmany overs have been bowled
in this match sofar ?
h studies H h WO`=~ ZO` Y~
1.
2.
3.
4.
Howmuch amount has been spent on

your studies sofar ?
5.
J~#k?
14. W\=~ ZO` =Ok J~

interview K |_<~ ?
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
Howmany candidates have been

interviewed sofar ?
D < W\ =~ Zx films release
J~#q?
Howmany films have been released

this month sofar ?
D bank D O=`~O W\
=~
ZO` amount deposit K |_#k ?
Howmuch amount has been
deposited in this bank this year sofar?
D serial W\ =~ Zx episodes
telecast J~#q ?
Howmany episodes have been
telecast in this serial sofar ?
D "~O W\=~ Zx files clear
K |_#q?
Howmany files have been cleared this

week sofar ?
D shopping complex W\ =~
Zx shops sale J~<~ ?
Howmany shops have been sold in
that shopping complex sofar ?
20. H` voter list W\ =~ Zx ~

#"^K |_#q ?
Howmany names have been enrolled
in the new voter list sofar ?
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
g bill just WC_ pass J~#^?

g class work just WC_ i J~#^?
D news g just WC_ è#^?
D < g already salary KeO
|_#"?
S.S.C. s H Hall tickets already
O|_#"?
g already classes commence
J~#"?
W\=~ g ZO` amount KeO
|_#k?
W \ =~ Englsih g Zx
lessons complete J~#q?
W\ =~ P school ZO` =Ok
admit J~<~ ?
W\ =~ "iK Zx programmes
x~OK|_#q ?
W\ =~ D O=`~O Zx telephone
connections W=|_#q ?
W\ =~ D O=`~O Zx teacher
posts s K |_#q ?
W\ =~ P T.V. Channel Zx
serials telecast J~#q ?
W\ =~ g father zH` H ZO`
amount Y~ J~#k ?
W\ =~ g house construction H
ZO` Y~ J~#k ?
A barking dog never bites.
360
: 94406 16425

XHHi =#= W`~ ` =\_ K#C _ =#= =\_ K# ==#
WOH K|_x XH xx QiOz negative sense tOKKO^=.
h D month WOH salary ~^?

g WOH syllabus i H^?
P cheque WOH encash H^?
WOH g work i H^?
J
J
J
J
"H= =#= =\_K# ==# WOH# K|_x ##

QiOz tOK@# zOKK#q.
D q^=Q ` O =#= =\_ K# ==# WOH ( Yet ) K|_x, [~|_x

"Haven't + Hasn't + been + III form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=x
Subject Singular J~#C_ 'Hasn't been' =K#.
Plural J~#C_ 'Haven't been' =K#.
EXAMPLES
1.
Bill WOH pass H^?

Hasn't the bill yet been passed?
6.
2. h D < WOH salary ~^?
7. P H` movie WOH q_^H^?
Hasn't the salary yet been paid to you

this month?
3. g results WOH H\O|_^?

Haven't the
announced?
4.
results
yet
Hasn't that new movie yet been

released?
8.
Lunch H items WOH `~H^?

Haven't the items yet been prepared
for lunch?
9.
Cards WOH print H^?

Haven't the cards yet been printed?
been
Programme WOH "^H^?

Hasn't the programme yet been
commenced?
5. g WOH orders JO^^?

Haven't the orders yet been received
to you?
361
Loan WOH clear H^?

Hasn't the loan yet been cleared?
10. Amount WOH collect H^?

Hasn't the amount yet been collected?
EXERCISE
'Wh' QUESTIONS
1.1.
Problem
WOH ZO^ i~O
: 94406 16425
H^?
Why hasn't the problem yet been
solved?
12. P# WOH hospital #O_ ZO^

discharge H^?
Why hasn't he yet been discharged
from the hospital?
13. WOH U~@ ZO^ [~Q^?

Why haven't the arrangements yet
been made?
14. h= WOH ZO^ promote H^?

Why haven't you yet been promoted?
15. sH WOH ZO^ [~Q^?

Why haven't the exams yet been
conducted?
16. P college
H^?
seats
WOH ZO^ s
Why haven't the seats yet been filled

up in that college?
17. Course WOH ZO^ =y^?

Why hasn't the course yet been
completed?
18. P book WOH ZO^ publish H^?

Why hasn't that book yet been
published?
19. Construction WOH ZO^ i H^ ?

Why hasn't the construction yet been
completed?
20. Notification WOH ZO^ issue H^ ?

Why hasn't the notification yet been
issued?
1. WOH P case f~ "=_^?

2.
Letters
WOH type H^?
3.
T.V. set
WOH repair H^?
4. g file WOH verify H^?

5.
Admissions
6.
School
7.
Hall tickets
WOH close H^?
WOH re-open H^?

WOH issue K|_^?
8. P movie WOH censor H^?

9. WOH x~
O ZO^ fH#|_^
?
10. Cards WOH ZO^ distribute H^?
11. D ~A
H^?
milk
WOH ZO^
supply
12. sH WOH ZO^ "^H^?

13. =# D i material WOH ZO^
supply H^?
14. J`xH WOH
H^?
licence
ZO^
issue
15. g WOH payment ZO^ [~Q^?
A friend's frown is better than a fool's smile.
362
: 94406 16425
REVISION
=#= D ~A Uq <~<= ?
D ~A =#= =# Spoken English Course 'Have / Has + been + III form of
the Verb' J# structure QiOz <~<=. nxx grammar "Passive Voice Present Perfect Tense" JO\~. nx =#= 1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form
3. Question Form 4. Negative Question Form J# 4 parts <~<=. D 4 parts
XHi revise KO^=.
1. POSITIVE FORM :
Ex :
=#O =\_ ==# WC_ ( Just now ) Hx, WO` =O^C _ (already)
Qx K |_#, [~|_# XH xx QiOz zOK@ " Have / Has + been +
III form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
1. This cake has been made just now.

2. These letters have been typed just now.
3. The message has already been sent to them.
4. The files have already been cleared.
2. NEGATIVE FORM :
Ò =#O =\_ ==# WOH (Yet) K|_x, [~|_x XH xx
QiOz zOK@ " Have not / Has not + been + III form of the Verb "
Ex :
LyOK=#.
1. The problem has not yet been solved.

2. The admissions have not yet been closed.
3. The decision has not yet been taken.
4. The arrangements have not Yet been made.
3. QUESTION FORM :
=#O =\_ ==# WC_ ( Just now ) Hx, WO` =O^C _ (already)
Qx K |_#, [~|_# XH xx QiOz
t
OK@# zOK@ " Have /
Has + been + III form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex : 1. Has this item been prepared just now?
2. Have the books already been sold?
3. Has the matter been known to you just now?
4. Have the tickets already been looked?
Ò =#O =\_ ==# WOH ( Yet) K|_x, [~|_x XH xx
QiOz tOK@# zOK@ " Haven't / Hasn't+ been + III form of the Verb
" LyOK =#.
Ex : 1. Hasn't the notification yet been issued?
2. Haven't the classes yet been commenced?
3. Hasn't the bill yet been paid?
4. Haven't the book yet been printed?
363
: 94406 16425

I Form
II Form
III Form
721.
Stretch
stretched
stretched
722.
Suspend
suspended
suspended
723.
Thicken
thickened
thickened
724.
Thrash
thrashed
thrashed
725.
Tickle
tickled
tickled
726.
Transform
transformed
transformed
727.
Tremble
trembled
trembled
728.
Tweak
tweaked
tweaked
729.
Twine
twined
twined
730.
Twinkle
twinkled
twinkled
731.
Vex
vexed
vexed
732.
Waddle
waddled
waddled
733.
Wander
wandered
wandered
734.
Waver
wavered
wavered
735.
Whet
whetted
whetted
736.
Whittle
whittled
whittled
737.
Widen
widened
widened
738.
Wink
winked
winked
739.
Wither
withered
withered
740.
Wreathe
wreathed
wreathed
D ~A
Meaning
_QK@
xe"@
zH~K@
^#=#~@
KHeyO`@@
~==~@
=}@
ye"e@
#@, i"@
q}q}=#@
H=`K@
TQ`#_K@
OKiOK@
O~OK@
#, ^ #@@
z=@, K@
"_K@
H#~H@@
"_=@, ZO_=@
=H@@

Z
364
All things that great men do are welldone.
: 94406 16425
PASSIVE VOICE - PAST PERFECT

XHHi =#= W`~ ` =\_ K#C _ QÒ i J~# ~ O_ #
=O^Q K |_#, [~|_# XH xx QiOz zOKKO^=.
<# x# class H " iH, lesson i J~#k.

"= JH_ " iH, JH_ U~@ x~OK|_#q.
<# Q`" ~O Ti #O_ uiy =K i H = results H \ O |_#q.
"= x# theatre H "iH \H@ J=_~~#q.
J
J
J
J
"H= QÒ x ~ O_ # =O^Q K |_# ## zOKK#q.
D q^=Q QÒ x XH ==#O^ K |_#, [~|_# ~ O_ # =O^Q

K |_# XH xx QiOz zOK@
"Had+been+ III form of the Verb" LyOK =#.
*
Note :
"H=x Subject Singular, Plural U^##
'had been'
=K#.
EXAMPLES
1. "= JH_ "iH
"^~#k.
2.
3.
4.
programme
The
programme
had
been
commenced before we went there.
x# guests =K i H U~ @ i
J~#q.
The arrangements had been made

before the guests arrived yesterday.
"= x# theatre H K~ < iH ticket
counter close J~#k.
The ticket counter had been closed
before we went to the theatre.
"= x# Municipal Office H "iH
= file clear J~#k.
Our file had been cleared before we
went to the municipal office.
5. x# "~ WH_ =KiH x~O

fH=@O [iy#k.
The decision had been taken before
they came here yesterday.
365
6. "= press "iH = cards print

J~=#q.
9.
The cards had been printed before we

went to the press yesterday.
J`_ enquiry K ^xH =O^ P
college admissions close J~#q.
The admissions had been closed in
that college before he enquired.
"= function hall H " iH dinner
serve K |_#k.
Dinner had been served before we
went to the function hall.
"~ x# WH_ =KiH, work i
10.
The work had been completed before

they came here yesterday
< # K H = O^ "iH D news
7.
8.
J~#k.
è#k.
The news had been known to them

before I told them.
,
: 94406
16425 .
11. "= shop H "iH =

i~ K |_#k.
TV set
Our TV set had been repaired before

we went to the shop.
12. "= hospital H "iH J`xH

P~+< [iy#k.
The operation had been conducted
to him before we went to the hospital.
13. "= Ti #O_ uiy =K

i H, ration cards O} K |_<~.
The ration cards had been distributed before we returned from our village.
14. <# apply K^xH =O^ P course

seats s J~#q.
The seats had been filled up before I
applied.
15. " = JH _H " i H K ~

=y#q.
The discussions had been closed
before we went there.
16. "= x# Chennai K~< iH =

^Q~ =# money Y~~~#k.
The money we had with us had been
spent before we reached Chennai
yesterday.
17. <# x# college H K~< iH

seminor "^~#k.
The seminor had been commenced
before I reached college yesterday.
18. "= x# bus-stand H "iH seats

reserve J~#q.
EXERCISE
D "HD
=
xH translate
K O_.
"HEnglish
= English
xH translate
K O_.
1. <# x# class H =K iH, notes dictate K |_#q.
2. "= JH_H K~ < iH H dinner
items `~ J~=#k.
3. "= WH_ =K ^xH =O^ =
bill pass J~#k.
4. "~ D town H shift J^xH
=O^ WH _ house construct
K |_#k.
5. "= " iH P" hospital #Oz
discharge J~#k.
6. "= x# match K
O^ stadium
H " iH 20 overs J~~#k.
7. "= x# school H " iH *O_
Pq+~} (hoist) J~#k.
8. <# P course join J ^xH
=O^ two chapters i J~#q.
9. "= JH_ " iH, x~O
fH#|_#k.
10. <# ~u JH_ " iH P shop
colse J~=#k.
11. "= " iH = KiO|_#k.
12. <# x# exam centre H K~H< iH
exam "^~#k.
13. "= theatre H " iH tickets sale
J~~<~.
14. " = = native place #Oz
=KiH, = results H \
O |_#q.
15. "= JH_H " iH amount ready
Q L#k.
The seats had been reserved before

we reached the bus-stand yesterday.
Face is the index of mind.
Z
366
: 94406 16425
NEGATIVE FORM
XHHi =#= W`~` =\_K#C_ QÒx XH ==#
~#K J\H WOH K |_x, [~|_x XH xx QiOz zOKKO^=.
J\HOH = results H\O|_^.

J\HOH = colony Wx houses xiO|_^.
J\HOH JOc ZxH x~O|_^.
J\HOH programme ~OaO|_ ^ .
J\HOH notification "=_^ .
J
J
J
J
J
"H= QÒ x XH == =~ WOH K |_x ## zOKK#q.
D qÔQ QÒ x XH ==# KC K, P == =~ WOH K |_x, [~|_x

XH xx QiOz zOK@
"Had+not+been + III form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=x
Subject Singular, Plural U^## 'Had not been" =K#.
EXAMPLES
cousre commence
6. J\H WOH O* = i~O

H^.
Our course had not yet been

commenced by then.
The Punjab problem had not yet been

solved by then.
1. J\H WOH =
H^.
2. J \ H WOH D
K|_^.
house construct
This house had not yet been

constructed by then.
3. J\H WOH D cards
print H^.
These cards had not yet been printed
by then.
4. J\H WOH HOÔ

U~_^.
B.J.P.
Ò
The B.J.P. government had not yet

been formed by then.
5. J\H WOH tickets sale H^.

The tickets had not yet been sold by
that time.
367
7. J \ H WOH =
|_^.
results
H \ O
Our results had not yet been

announced by then.
8. J\H WOH D notification "=_^

.
This notification had not yet been
issued by then.
9. J\H WOH D book publish H^.

This book had not yet been published
by then.
10. J\H WOH = bill pass H^.

Our bill had not yet been passed by
then.
,
: 94406
16425 .
11. J\H WOH schools reopen H^.
EXERCISE
The schools had not yet been

reopened by then.
12. J \ H WOH =# ~RO

government U~@H^.
TDP
The TDP government had not yet been

formed in our state by then.
13. J\H WOH JH_ work iH^.

The work had not yet been finished
there by then.
14. J\H WOH = orders JO^^.

The orders had not yet been received
to us by then.
15. J\H WOH D

|_^.
scheme
~OaO
This scheme had not yet been

launched by then.
16. J\H WOH ordinance pass H^.

This ordinance had not yet been
passed by then.
17. J \ H WOH
|_^.
interviews
x~ O
The interviews had not yet been

conducted by then.
18. J\H WOH J`_

transfer H^.
Hyderabad
He had not yet been transfered to

Hyderabad by then.
19. J\H P" WOH

K|_^.
hospital
admit
She had not yet been admited to

hospital by then.
20. J\H WOH P

H^.
college
seats
D "HD
=
xH translate
K O_.
"HEnglish
= English
xH translate
K O_.
1. J\H WOH = exam. date announce
H^.
2. J\H WOH = syllabus iH^.
3. J \ H WOH =
connection W=|_^.
telephone
4. J\H WOH D news = è^ .

5. J\H WOH J`x case file H^.
6. J\H WOH = brother
admit K|_^.
B.Tech
7. J \ H WOH P
"=_^.
case judgement
8. J\H WOH D
H^.
show room open
9. J\H WOH U~@ i H^.

10. J\H WOH exam. commence H^.
11. J \ H WOH
`~H^.
12. J\H WOH
H^.
dinner
items
new text book publish
13. J\H WOH "i =^ K~ [~Q^

.
14. J\H WOH P# arrest H^.
15. J\H WOH ticket counter close H^ .
The Seats had not yet been filled up

in that college by then.
A living ass is better than a dead lion.
368
: 94406 16425
QUESTION FORM
XHHi =#= VW`~ ` =\_ K#C _ QÒ i J~# ~ O_ #
=O^Q K |_#, [~|_# XH xx QiOz
t
OK KO^=.
g~ x# class H " iH, lesson i J~#^ ?

g~ " iH JH_ U~@ x~OK|_#" ?
h= Q`" ~O Ti #O_ uiy=K iH g results H \ O |_#" ?
g~ x# theatre H " iH, \H@ J~~< ?
J
J
J
J
"H= QÒ x ~ O_ # =O^Q K |_# ##

t
OK@#
zOKK#q.
D qÔQ QÒ i J~# ~ O_ # =O^Q K |_#, [~|_# XH xx

QiOz tOK@# zOK@
"Had+been+ III form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=x
Subject Singular, Plural U^## 'Had been' =K#.
EXAMPLES
1. h= JH_H K~ < iH, JH_ x
i K |_#^?
6. "~ WH_ =K^xH =O^, U~@

K |_#" ?
2.
7.
Had the work been completed before

you reached there ?
h= apply K^xH =O^, P Hl
admissions =y#" ?
Had the admissions been closed in
that college before you applied ?
3. h= g Ti#O_ =K^
xH =O^, g
sH e `
H \
O |_#" ?
4.
5.
Had the examination results been

announced before you came from your
village ?
h= J`xx He ^xH =O^, bank
#O_ money withdraw K |_#^ ?
Had the amount been withdrawn from
the bank before you met him ?
x# g~ press H "iH, cards JK
" |_#" ?
Had the cards been printed before you

went to the press yesterday ?
369
8.
9.
10.
Had the arrangements been made

before they came here ?
h= college H K~< iH, exam
~OaOK|_#^ ?
Had the examination been commenced before you reached the college ?
g~ x# office H "iH g file verify
K |_#^ ?
Had your file been verified before you

went to office yesterday?
J`_ letter "^xH =O^, tickets
book K |_#"?
Had the tickets been booked before
he wrote the letter ?
N P.V. ^ q =^ ^ xH =O^ ,
ordinance *s K |_#^ ?
Had the ordinance been passed
before Sri P.V. left his post ?
EXERCISE
'Wh' QUESTIONS
11. h= P H~ K~ iH Zx
teach K |_#q ?
12.
13.
lessons
Howmany lessons had been taught

before you joined the course ?
h= J`xx He iH, ZO` amount
collect J~#k?
Howmuch amount had been
collected before you met him ?
g~ JH_H "iH Zx cards
JK"
|_#q ?
Howmany cards had been printed

before you went there ?
14. g~ OÒ KH< ^xH =O^,

P O Z=i K` maintain K |_
#k?
15.
16.
17.
By whom had that firm been

maintained before you owned it ?
h= P course H apply KiH, P
H~ Zx seats fill up K |_<~?
Howmany seats had been filled up
before you applied for that course ?
h= x# interview H "
i H, ZO`=Ok
J~ interview K |_<~ ?
Howmany candidates had been
interviewed before you went there ?
D station x=HO O^^xH
=O^ , J` _ ZH _ tH }
O^|_<_?
Where had he been trained before he
got appointment in this station ?
18. g~ JH_H "iH, JH_ U~@

Z=iK` K |_#q ?
19.
: 94406 16425
By whom had the arrangements been

made there before you went there ?
g~ x# stadium H "i H, Zx overs
bowl K |_#q ?
Howmany overs had been bowled
before you went to the stadium ?

1. x# h= complex H "i H, shop close
K |_=#^?
2. x# g~ JH_H K~ < iH, work
i J~=#^ ?
3. g~ JH_H "iH programme
"^~#^ ?
4. g~ JH_H K~ H< iH, P "~ town
JO` "OzO^ ?
5. g~ hospital H " i H , P"
discharge K |_#^ ?
6. h= institute H "iH, letters type
K |_=#" ?
7. g~ J`xx He
^xH =O^, x~
O
fH#|_#^ ?
8. h= K
^xH =O^, "iH D q+ O
è#^ ?
9. J`_ service i K^xH =O^,
ZO^ `yOK|_<_ ?
10. g~ J`xx HeiH, ZO` amount
Y~ J~=#k ?
11. g~ JH_ |^~ ^xH =O^,
g message JOk#^ ?
12. h= L^Q O O^ ^ xH =O^ ,
Z=iK` KkqOK|_<= ?
13. h= WH_H transfer O^ ^ xH
=O^, ZH_ xqO|_<= ?
Jack of all trades, master of none.
370
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XHHi =#= W`~` =\_K#C_ QÒx XH ==#
zOKK J\=~ WOH# (Yet) K|_x XH xx QiOz negative sense
tOKKO^=.
J\H WOH g = i~O H^? J J\H WOH Degree e` ~^?

J\H WOH college re-open H^? J J\H WOH =# ~*OQO U~_^?
J
J
"H= QÒ XH ===~ WOH# K|_x ## QiOz

tOK@# zOKK#q.
Dq^=Q QÒ x XH ==# KC K, P == =~ WOH# ( Yet ) K |_x,

[~|_x XH xx QiOz negative sense tOK@# zOK@
"Hadn't + been + III form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
*
Note :
"H=x
U^## 'Hadn't been' =K#.
EXAMPLES
1. J\H WOH g D q+ O è ^?
Hadn't this matter yet been known to
you by then?
2. J \ H WOH
H^?
programme
" ^
Hadn't the programme yet been

commenced?
3. J\H WOH g orders JO^^?

Hadn't the orders yet been received to
you by then?
4. J\H WOH D book publish H^?

Hadn't this book yet been published
by then?
5. J\H WOH g syllabus i H^?

Hadn't the syllabus yet been completed
by then?
371
6. J\H work WOH i H^?

Hadn't the work yet been finished by
then?
7. J\H admissions WOH =y^?

Hadn't the admissions yet been closed
by then?
8. J\H WOH budget "@|_^?

Hadn't the budget yet been presented
by then?
9. J\H WOH results H\O|_^?

Hadn't the results yet been announced
by then?
10. J\H WOH U~@ [~Q^?

Hadn't the arrangements been made
by then?
,
'Wh' QUESTIONS
11. J\H WOH

H^?
report
ZO^ `~
: 94406 16425
EXERCISE

1. J\H WOH classes "^H^?
12.
Why hadn't the report yet been

prepared by then?
J \ H WOH permission ZO^
3. J\H WOH cards print H^?
13.
Why hadn't the permission yet been

granted by then?
J\H WOH P house Mm ZO^
~^?
J=^?
Why hadn't house yet been vacated by

then?
14. J \ H WOH x~ O ZO^

fH#|_^?
15.
Why hadn't the decision yet been taken

by then?
J \ H WOH h salary ZO^
~^?
Why hadn't the salary yet been paid to

you?
2. J\H WOH schedule

H \
O |_^
?
4. J\H WOH g message JO^^?
5. J\H WOH h loan sanction H^?
6. J\H WOH course iH^?
7. J \ H WOH
K|_^?
report
submit
8. J\H WOH P movie q_^H^?

9. J \ H WOH J` _ P
xqO|_^?
post
16. J\H WOH P qQ Pq+~} ZO^

[~Q^?
17.
Why hadn't the statue yet been

unveiled by then?
J\H WOH tickets ZO^ book
10. J\H WOH

H^?
11. J\H WOH == ZO^ deliver

H^?
18.
Why hadn't the tickets yet been booked

by then?
J \ H WOH items ZO^
19.
20.
K|_^?
`~H^?
Why hadn't the items yet been

prepared by then?
J\H WOH G.O ZO^ pass H^ ?
Why hadn't the G.O. yet been passed
by then?
J\H WOH notification ZO^ issue
amount
ZO^
collect
12. J\H WOH P project x~}O ZO^

iH^?
13. J\H WOH bill ZO^ pass H^?
14. J\H WOH party
serve H^?
15. J\H WOH
H^?
amount
dinner
ZO^
ZO^
deposit
H^?
Why hadn't the notification yet been

issued by then?
The tradden path is the safest.
Z
372
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REVISION
=#= D ~A Uq <~<= ?
D ~A =#= =# Spoken English Course 'Had + been + III form of the Verb'
J# structure QiOz <~<=. nxx grammar "Passive Voice -Past Perfect Tense"
JO\~. nx =#= 1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form 4. Negative
1. POSITIVE FORM :
QÒx ~O_ # =O^Q K|_#, [~|_# XH xx QiOz

zOK@ " Had + been + III form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. The programme had been commenced before we went there yesterday.

2. The letters had been typed before he came here.
3. The work had been finished before we went there.
4. The notes had been dictated before I entered the class.
2. NEGATIVE FORM :
QÒx XH ==# KCK J\ =~ WOH# K|_x, [~|_x XH

xx QiOz zOK@ " Had not + been + III form of the Verb " LyOK
=#.
Ex :
1. The decision had not yet been taken by then.

2. The tickets had not yet been sold by then.
3. The orders had not yet been received to us by then.
4. The problem had not yet been solved by then.
3. QUESTION FORM :
QÒx ~O_ # =O^Q K|_#, [~|_# XH xx QiOz

tOK@# zOK@ " Had + been + III form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. Had the exam been commenced before you reached the college?
2. Had the cards been printed before you went there?
3. Had the shop been closed before you went there?
4. Had the arrangements been made before the guests came?
QÒx XH ==# KCK J\ =~ WOH# K|_x, [~|_x XH

xx QiOz tOK@# zOK@ " Hadn't + been + III form of the Verb "
LyOK=#.
Ex :
373
1.
2.
3.
4.
Hadn't the letters been posted by then?

Hadn't the results been announced by then?
Hadn't the items been prepared by then?
Hadn't the file been cleared by then?
: 94406 16425

I Form
II Form
III Form
741.
Immigrate
immigrated
immigrated
742.
Immolate
immolated
immolated
743.
Impale
impaled
impaled
744.
Imprison
imprisoned
imprisoned
745.
Incite
incited
incited
746.
Incubate
incubated
incubated
747.
Inculcate
inculcated
inculcated
748.
Indict
indicted
indicted
749.
Infect
infected
infected
750.
Inject
injected
injected
751.
Inscribe
inscribed
inscribed
752.
Insert
inserted
inserted
753.
Instigate
instigated
instigated
754.
Instruct
instructed
instructed
755.
Insure
insured
insured
756.
Integrate
integrated
integrated
757.
Intercede
interceded
interceded
758.
Interpret
interpretted
interpretted
759.
Interrogate
interrogated
interrogated
760.
Intersperse
interspersed
interspersed
D ~A
Meaning
==z x=tOK@
|eWK@
=`_zKO@
K~ |OkOK@
iH@
Q_# ^Q@
Q J~=Q#@
kOK
<~="@
~Q=# JO\OK
eH ZHOK
#= edOK@
xH^@
iQ
<~@, L^tOK@
c= K @
XH\QK@
ìOK@
J~=KC@
tOK@
JK@K@ =OK@

Z
374
Labour conquers everything.
: 94406 16425
PASSIVE VOICE - FUTURE PERFECT

XHHi =#= W`~` =\_K#C_ q+`x XH xs`
== K|_, [~|_ XH xx QiOz zOKKO^=.
~\ Jx cardsO} K|_`~.
=K < = syllabus i J=Òk.
J
J
J
J
~ \ D file verifiy J=Òk.

=K"~O P necklace `~
J=Òk.
"H= q+` i K |_ ## QiOz zOKK#q.
D q^=Q q+` x XH xs^ == ~ , =K" ~O, =K O=`~O H

q+`x =i W`~ ==#O^## K|_, [~|_ XH xx QiOz
zOK@
"Will have+been+ III form of the Verb" LyOK =#.
*
Note :
"H=x
Subject Singular, Plural U^## ''Will have +been+III form' =K#.
EXAMPLES
1.
Next month 15th
2.
Our syllabus
will have been
completed by 15th next month.
Next Monday D work
3.
This work will have been finished by

next Monday.
Next December House loan clear
8.
4.
The house loan will have been

cleared by next December.
Next March D book publish
9.
5.
This book will have been published

by next March.
Next Month 10 th H
`
Ò
All the pending files will have been

cleared by next week.
10. Next
June

bridge
~=Òk.
syllabus
6.
7.
~=Òk.
U~_Òk.
The new government will have been

formed by 10th of next month.
375
The goods will have been delivered

to you by 10 a.m. tomorrow.
D ~A 4 p.m. D H~ print
J=`~.
J=Òk.
J=Òk.
~ LÔ 10 QOII g
== deliver J=`~.
These cards will have been printed

by 4 p.m. today.
Next Monday admission list
announce K|_Òk.
The admission list will have been
announced by next Monday.
Pending files Jh next week clear
J=`~.
xiOK|_Òk.
The bridge
will have
constructed by next June.
been
,
: 94406
16425 .
,
11.
~\ D
|_Òk.
T.V. set repair
This T.V. set will have been repaired

by tomorrow.
12. Next month g problem solve
J=Òk.
Your problem will have been solved

by next month.
13. ~
OÒ amount ready Q
LO@Ok.
14.
The amount will have been kept ready

by tom orrow evening.
~ OÒ function Jx
U~@ K|_`~.
All the arrangements will have been

made for the function by tomorrow
evening.
15. Next Monday report submit
K|_Òk.
The report will have been submitted

by next Monday.
16. P case judgement next month 10th
deliver J=Òk.
The judgement of the case will have
been delivered by 10th of next month.
17. Next month H ` G.O. pass
J=Òk.
The new G.O. will have been passed

by next month.
18. D house next 1st vacate
J=Òk.
This house will have been vacated

by next first.
19. August 10th degree admissions
close J~`~.
Degree admissions will have been
closed by August 10th
20. ~ O ` O g orders
O|_`~.
The orders will have been sent to you

by tomorow evening.
EXERCISE
D "HD
=
xH translate
K O_.
"HEnglish
= English
xH translate
K
1. O_.
~ OÒ "iH message
JO^Òk.
2. Next monday amount JO` collect J=Òk.
3. Next Monday D tickets Jh sale
J=`~.
4. ~ OÒ final decision
fH|_Òk.
5. April 1st Jh public sH
x~O|_`~.
6. QO@ Jh items `~=`~.
7. next june D course complete
J=Òk.
8. Next month 10th Group - 1 H`
notification "=_Òk.
9. Next year town H`~_h
"|_`~.
10. ~ OÒ 5 'O' clock
eOQ =QOk.
11. Next Monday ZxH e`
H\OK|_`~.
12. D book [#=i 14 publish
J=Òk.
13. ~ O_ ~A project report
`~=Òk.
14. Next monday g amount
KeO|_Òk.
15. Next year g Jx =`
HeOK|_`~.
The law maker should not be a law breaker.
376
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QUESTION FORM
XHHi =#= VW`~ ` =\_ K#C _ q+` x XH xs` ==
K|_, [~|_ XH xx QiOz tOKKO^=.
~\ Jx cards O} J=`?
=K < = syllabus i J=Ò^?
J
J
J
J
~ \ D file verifiy J=Ò^?

=K"~O P necklace `~
J=Ò^?
"H= q+` x XH == K |_ ##
t
OK@#
zOKK#q.
D qÔQ q+` x XH xs` == ~ , =K" ~O, =K O=`~O H

q+` x =i W`~ ==#O^# # K |_, [~|_ XH xx QiOz t OK@#
zOK@
"Will have+been+ III form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
"H=x
Subject Singular, Plural U^##
*
Note :
'Will have + been + III form of the Verb' =K#.
EXAMPLES
1. =K 5= `k orders JO^`?
2.
Will the orders have been received

by 5th of next month.
~ \ D letters dispatch
K|_` ?
Will these letters have been

dispatched by tomorrow ?
6. OÒ P H~
|_Òk ?
7. =K PQ + g | i
J=Ò^ ?
8.
4.
9.
5.
377
xiO|_Ò^ ?
Will the bridge have been

constructed there by next year ?
~ OÒ D cards Jx
distribute K|_` ?
Will these cards have been
distributed by tomorrow evening ?
Will that car have been repaired by

this evening ?
3. =K < H` x =H
[~Q` ?
Will the new appointments have been

made by next month ?
=K O=`~O JH_ bridge
repair
Will the syllabus have been

completed by next August ?
~\ D tickets sale J=`?
Will these tickets have been sold by
tomorrow ?
=K < 1= `n amount collect
J=Ò^ ?
Will the amount have been colleted

by 1st of next month ?
10. =K ="~O =# e`
H\O|_` ?
Will our results have been announced
by next Monday ?
EXERCISE
'Wh' QUESTIONS
admissions close
When will the degree admissions have

been closed ?
OÒ Zx letters type
1. ~\ g orders JO^`?
2. Next Monday g syllabus i
J=Ò^ ?
3. Next month classes commence
J=` ?
4. Next December P a
_ x~}O
iJ=Ò^ ?
5. ~\ money collect J=Ò^?
6. =K"~O P" hospital #Oz
discharge J=Ò^?
7. Next year g course i
J=Ò^ ?
8. Z\ S.I. posts s K |_
`~ ?
9. Z\ degree admissions close
J=`~ ?
10. ~ OÒ Zx bills pass
K|_`~ ?
11. Next month ZO` Y~
K|_Òk ?
12. Next Monday Zx application
forms JO^`~ ?
13. ~ \ Zx pages compose
K|_`~ ?
14. D ~A OÒ ZO`=Ok
J~ interview K|_`~ ?
15. Z\ P W Mm J=Òk ?
11. Z\ _w
J=`~ ?
12.
13.
14.
K|_`~ ?
Howmany letters will have been

typed by this evening ?
~\ Zx tikets sale J=`~ ?
Howmany tickets will have been sold
by tomorrow ?
Z \ JH _ work i
J=Òk?
When will the work have been

completed there?
15. P W Z\ xiOK|_Òk?
16.
When will the house have been

constructed?
~ \ ZO` amount =
17.
Howmuch amount will have been

collected by tomorrow ?
=K < g Zx lessons teach
18.
Howmany lessons will have been

taught to you by next month ?
h loan Z \ sanction
19.
20.
: 94406 16425
J=Òk ?
K|_`~ ?
J=Òk ?
When will the loan have been

sanctioned to you ?
Z\ P plan approve J=Òk?
When will the plan have been
approved ?
~\ Zx @ compose
J=`~?
Howmany songs will have been

composed by tomorrow ?
No sweet without sweat.
Z
378
39 DAY
,
: 94406 16425
REVISION
=#= D ~A Uq <~<= ?
D ~A =#= =# Spoken English Course 'Will have + been + III form of the
Verb' J# structure QiOz <~<=. nxx grammar "Passive Voice -Future
Perfect Tense" JO\~. nx =#= 1. Positive Form 2. Question Form J# 2 parts
<~<=. D 2 parts XHi revise KO^=.
1.
POSITIVE FORM :
q+` x XH xs` == K |_, [~|_ XH xx QiOz

zOK@ " Will have + been + III form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. The course will have been completed by next month.

2. The G.O. will have been passed by next December.
3. The admission will have been closed by August 10th.
4. The payment will have been made by next Monday.
2.
QUESTION FORM :
q+` x XH xs` == K |_, [~|_ XH xx QiOz

tOK@# zOK@ " Will have + been + III form of the Verb "
LyOK =#.
Ex :
1. Will this work have been finished by tomorrow?

2. Will the amount have been collected by next week?
3. Will the file have been cleared by next month?
4. Will the house have been constructed by next month?
379
: 94406 16425

I Form
II Form
III Form
761.
Jabber
jabbered
jabbered
762.
Jade
jaded
jaded
763.
Jam
jammed
jammed
764.
Joint
jointed
jointed
765.
Jolt
jolted
jolted
766.
Jumble
jumbled
jumbled
767.
Land
landed
landed
768.
Launder
laundered
laundered
769.
Lebitate
lebitated
lebitated
770.
Liberate
liberated
liberated
771.
Limp
limped
limped
772.
Lisp
lisped
lisped
773.
Loiter
loitered
loitered
774.
Loll
lolled
lolled
775.
Loose
loosened
loosened
776.
Loot
looted
looted
777.
Lop
lopped
lopped
778.
Lull
lulled
lulled
779.
Lurk
lurked
lurked
780.
Lynch
lynched
lynched
Meaning
xH~x=@
=\_@
J@ HeyOK@
W~JQ@
O^#K~@
keOK@
`~=~K@
uOK@
LuH K=K@
HZyi Qe u~Q@
q_OK@
O@K #_K@
#OyQ =\_@
=iQ u~Q@
"_@
_eOK@
^KH#@
H=# #~@
*@_@
#HO_@
qK~}KH KO@
D ~A Spoken English lesson x Positive Form, Question Form, Q <~<~

"H practise K O_.
Z
380
A winner never quits and a quitter never wins.
: 94406 16425
MIGHT HAVE
XHHi =#= QÒx XH ==#O^ XH~ XH xx K
=O_=K#x TOz KCKO^=.
J
J
J
J
h= | J`xx WO`=O^ He LO_=K.

= brother | x# K< K~Hx LO_=K.
P" | `# friends JOîh invite K LO_=K.
"~ x# JH_ work finish K LO_=K.
"H= =#= QÒ x XH ==#O^ XH~ XH xx K =O_=K#x

TOzKC@# zOK K#q.
D q^=Q QÒ x XH ==#O^ x#, Q`" ~O, Q`< , Q` O=`~O H QÒ x

=i W`~ == #O^## =#= H "~H~ XH xx K O_=K #x TOz
KC@# zOK@
"Might have+ III form of the Verb" LyOK =#.
*
Note : "H=x
Subject Singular, Plural U^## Might have LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1. g~ | D
LO_=K.
6. "~ | x# JH_ |î

=O_=K.
You might have already seen this film.
They might have started there

yesterday.
film already
2. = brother D ~A L^ O K <
K~Hx LO_=K.
My brother might have reached
Chennai this morning.
3. = cousin |
K LO_=K.
bank test
apply
My cousin might have applied for the

bank test.
4. x# <~ =~O _LO_=K.

It might have rained in Nellore
yesterday.
5. h= | D q+O =iz~
LO_=K.
You might have forgotten this matter.
381
7.
| h= D book Kk" =O_=K.

You might have read this book.
8. "~ x# JH _ =#
JO^Hx LO_=K.
message
They might have received our

message there yesterday.
9. =
cousin x# =# JH_ tickets

book K LO_=K.
Our cousin might have booked the
tickets for us there yesterday.
10. | D time H
"o~ LO_=K.
G.T. Express
The G.T. Express might have left by

now.
,
: 94406
16425 .
11. | "~ D
LO_=K.
news
` e H x
They might have known this news.
EXERCISE
D "HD
=
xH translate
K O_.
"HEnglish
= English
xH translate
K O_.
1. h= | D course K
You might have seen him.
=O_=K#.
| "~ x# JH_ work finish K
2. g~ | WO` =O^ D
LO_=K.
experience face K =O_=K.
They might have finished the work
3. "~ | Congress Party H votes
there yesterday.
"=O_=K.
= father last week < money O
4. J` _ | ` # bag bus
LO_=K.
Q@Hx=O_=K.
My father might have sent me money
5. P" ~ u | "o O \ stay
last week.
K=O_=K.
= aunt x# Hyderabad heart
6. "~ last month | P loan clear
specialist # consult J~ LO_=K.
K=O_=K.
My aunt might have consulted the
heart specialist in Hyderabad yesterday. 7. h= | D book Chennai
Hx=O_=K.
P# W\H office #O_ WO\H uiy
8. g~ | x# "i` D q+O
=z LO_=K.
discuss K=O_=K.
He might have returned from the office
9. "~ | h # police complaint
by now.
K=O_=K.
"~ x# =#H O Z^ ~ K
10. P # | "i proposal
LO_=K.
u~iOz =O_=K.
They might have waited for us
11. P" | degree Maths, Physics
yesterday.
study K =O_=K.
| g~ D news q<LO_=K.
12. "~ x# | =# H O wait
You might have heard this news.
K=O_=K.
x# = brother exam Q "
13. J` _ x# ` # programme cancel
LO_=K.
KHx =O_=K.
My brother might have written the
14. P # x# "i problem solve
exam. well yesterday.
K=O_=K.
| "~ x# farewell party grand
15. D ^_ | P~Q~ ÔQ
Q celebrate KHx LO_=K.
involve J~=O_=K.
They might have celebrated the
12. | g~ J`xx K LO_=K.

13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Farewell Party grand yesterday.
A word hurts more than a wound.
382
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NEGATIVE FORM
XHHi =#= QÒ x XH ==#O^ XH~ XH xx K

O_H
=K#x O^=Q (doubtful) zOKKO^=.
J
J
J
J
h= | J`xx K=O_H=K.
g~ | W@=O\ experience face =O_H =K.
J`_ WOH office #O_ =z =O_H =K.
P" | Exam pass J~=O_H =K.
"H= QÒx XH == #O^ XH~ XH xx KO_H =K#x

O^=Q (doubtful) KC@# zOKK#q.
D q^=Q QÒ x XH == #O^ x#, Q`" ~O, Q`< , Q` O=`~O H QÒ x

=i W`~ ==#O^## =#= H "~H~ XH xx KO_H =K#x KC@#
zOK@
"Might not have + III form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=x
Subject Singular, Plural U^## ''Might not have" LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1.
` Hx
7. g~ W@=O\ programme WO` =~

K =O_H=K.
You might not have known this news.
You might not have watched such a

programme.
h= | D
=O_H=K.
news
2. g~ | J`xx K =O_H
=K.
You might not have seen him.
8. = father WOH
=O_H=K.
salary draw
He might not have gone to office yet.
My father might not have drawn his

salary yet.
4. P" WOH JH_ | î=O_H

=K.
9. P" WOH course complete K LO_H

=K.
3. J`_ WOH office H "o =O_H=K.
She might not have started there yet.
5. "~ WOH bill pay K =O_H=K.

They might not have paid the bill yet.
6. h= D news qx O_H =K.

You might not have heard this news.
383
She might not have completed the

course yet.
10. "~ P"# x#

=O_H=K.
party
invite
They might not have invited her to the

party yesterday.
,
: 94406
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11. h= W@=O\ interesting

WO`=~ Kkq =O_H=K.
story
You might not have read such an

interesting story sofar.
12. g~ WO`=~ W@=O\ Q =Hx

He =O_H=K.
13.
You might not have met such a great

man sofar.
J` _ x# =# massage receive
14.
He might not have received our

message yesterday.
P" last year college join J~
KHx =O_H=K.
=O_H =K.
She might not have joined the college

last year.
15. x# JH_ =~O _=O_H =K.

16.
It might not have rained there

yesterday.
h= WO`=~ W@=O\ problem face
K =O_H=K.
You might not have faced such a

problem sofar.
17. g~ x# D q+ O J`xH K =O_H

=K.
18.
You might not have told him this news

yesterday.
= brother WOH Chennai K~Hx
=O_H=K.
My brother might not have reached

Chennai yet.
19. P" WOH iQ HHx =O_H

=K.
20.
She might not have recovered

completely yet.
"~ x# meeting P q+ O discuss
EXERCISE
D "HD
=
xH translate
K O_.
"HEnglish
= English
xH translate
K O_.
1. h= WO`=~ J@=O\ college K
LO_H=K.
2. Pinakinai Express WOH =z
=O_H=K.
3. J`_ Degree pass J~ =O_H =K.
4. P" "ix invite K LO_H=K.
5. "~ x# x# party K
=O_H=K.
6. g~ last month telephone bill pay K
=O_H=K.
7. J` _ x# JH _ "ix H e
=O_H=K.
8. P" WOH D test H apply K
=O_H=K.
9. "~ WOH P loan clear K
=O_H=K.
10. h= | WO`=~ D item taste
K LO_H=K.
11. J` _ x# "iH help K
=O_H=K.
12. P" last week cousin marraige H attend
J~ LO_H=K.
13. "~ | exam H iQ prepare
J~ =O_=K.
14. g~
x#
exam
i Q
"=O_H=K.
15. "~ x# JH_ stay K =O_H =K.
K LO_H=K.
They might not have discussed this

matter in the meeting yesterday.
He who lives well preaches well.
Z
384
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QUESTION FORM
QÒx XH == #O^ XH~ XH xx K =O_=K#x TOz
tOKKO^=.
J
J
J
J
J`_ x# bill pay K =O\_?

P" last week party H attend J~=O@O^?
"~ x# JH_ =#HO wait K =O\~?
g father office#Oz =z=O\~?
"H= QÒx XH ==#O^ XH~ XH xx K =O_=K#x

TOzKC@# zOK K#q.
D q^=Q QÒ x XH ==#O^ =#= H "~H~ XH xx K= O\~ J#

J~=` doubtful Q TOz tOK@# zOK @
"Might have + III form of the Verb" L
yOK=#.
*
Note : "H=x
U^## 'Might have' LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1. J`_ W\H
office H "o=O\_?
Might he have gone to office by now ?
2. P" Jx subjects Q
J~=O_=K<?
prepare
Might she have prepared all the subjects well?
3. ~u JH_ =~= _=O@O^ ?

Might it have rained there last night?
4. "~ ~u JH_ |î=O\~?

Might they have started there last
night?
5. J`_ salary draw K=O\_?

Might he have drawn his salary?
6. P" i Q HHx=O@O^?
Might she have recovered completely?
385
7.
Pinakini Express "o ~ =O@O^?

Might the Pinakini Express have left?
8. "~ last week P

=O_=K<?
house vacate
Might they have vacated that house

last week?
9. J`_ x#
exam Q " =O\_?

Might he have written the examination well yesterday?
10. P" D
news `Hx=O@O^?
Might she have known this news?
11. "~ x#
=O\~?
message
=# JO^Hx
Might they have received our message yesterday?
,
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16425 .
12. J`_ D
test
apply
K=O\_?
Might he have applied for this text?
13. P" W\H dinner H items `

~K
=O@O^?
Might she have prepared the items for
dinner by now?
14. "~ W\H programme commence

K =O\~?
Might they have commenced the
D "HD
=
xH translate
K O_.
"HEnglish
= English
xH translate
K O_.
1. J`_ x# books Hx =O\_?
2. P" last month P course join J~
=O@O^?
3. "~ x# bank amount deposit K
=O\~?
4. J`_ x# interview Q K=O\_?
programme by now?
15. J` _ degree
=O\_?
EXERCISE
J~
exam pass
5. P" "ix Invite K=O@O^?
Might he have passed the degree ex-
6. "~ x# cards print K=O\~?
aminations?
7. J`_ driving licence Ok=O\_?
16. P" x# competition

QKHx =O@O^?
prize
Might she have won the prize in the

competition yesterday?
17. "~ P
loan clear
K =O\~?
Might they have cleared that loan?
18. J`_ x# JH_ "i` =\_

=O\_?
Might he have talked to them
yesteday?
19. P" x# Chennai

sult J~=O@O^?
doctor
con-
Might she have consulted the doctor

in Chennai yesterday?
20. "~ x# JH _
=O\~?
work
i K
Might they have finished the work

there yesterday?
8. P" x#
=O@O^?
9. "~ last
=O\~?
K ~ Hx
Hyderabad
month house vacate
10. J` _ x# JH _
J~=O\_?
join
treat
duty
11. P" x# "ix Q

=O@O^?
12. "~ x# meeting D q+O

cuss K =O\~?
dis-
13. J`_ x# Vizag "o=O\_?

14. P" P proposal XCHx=O@O^?
15. "~ x#
=O\~?
programme cancel
The fear of Lord is the beginning of wisdom.
386
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REVISION
=#= D ~A Uq <~<= ?
D ~A =#= =# Spoken English Course 'Might have + III form of the Verb' J#
structure QiOz <~ <=. nx =#= 1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question
1.
POSITIVE FORM :
QÒ x XH ==#O^ XH~ XH xx K

O_=K#x TOz (doubtful)
KC@# zOK@ " Might have + III form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. You might have heard this news.

2. He might have gone on a camp
3. She might have passed the test.
4. They might have vacated the house.
2.
NEGATIVE FORM :
QÒx XH ==#O^ XH~ XH xx KO_H=K#x TOz

(doubtful) KC@# zOK@ " Might not have + III form of the Verb "
LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. You might not have read such a book sofar.

2. He might not have yet drawn his salary.
3. She might not have invited them to party.
4. They might not have paid the bill yesterday.
3.
QUESTION FORM :
QÒ x XH ==#O^ XH~ XH xx K

O_=K#x TOz (doubtful)
tOK@# zOK@ " Might have + III form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. Might he have received our message?

2. Might she have recovered?
3. Might the train have left?
4. Might they have known this news?
387
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I Form
II Form
781. Reincarnate
reincarnated
reincarnated
782. Rejuvinate
rejuvinated
rejuvinated
783. Remand
remanded
remanded
784. Report
reported
reported
785. Resemble
resembled
resembled
786. Respond
responded
responded
787. Restrict
restricted
restricted
788. Retain
retained
retained
789. Revolve
revolved
revolved
790. Reward
rewarded
rewarded
791. Redicule
rediculed
rediculed
792. Rinse
rinsed
rinsed
793. Ripen
ripened
ripened
794. Ruminate
ruminated
ruminated
795. Shrivel
shrivelled
shrivelled
796. Shudder
shuddered
shuddered
797. Skim
skimmed
skimmed
798. Sneer
sneered
sneered
799. Squash
sqashed
sqashed
800. Startle
startled
startled
III Form
Meaning
#~#xK@
=#= HeyOK
K~O^ =OK@
~^K@
eH HeyO_@
OkOK@
H@@K@
xe=OK@
QO_=Q u~Q@
|=#qK@
ZQòK@
QOA@
O_OK@
<=~"@
"_=@,
=_`_@
LeH_@
z@
i=K@
#QQ@@
LeH_@

Z
388
An oak is not felled at one chop.
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WOULD HAVE
XHHi QÒ x XH ==#O^ K x ~ O_ ## QiOz q+ =
q=iOKK "^\ x K#>`, ~O_= x_ [iy O_k J# J~=
=K#@Q KCKO^=.
J
J
J
J
h= QQ Kkq =#>`, exam pass J~LO_"_q.

"= Q practice K#>`, x# match Qez =O_"~=.
P" invite K#>`, "~ x# P function H attend J~=O_"~.
= brother last time P job H try K =#>`, J`_ P job Ok=O_"_.
"H= QÒ x XH == #O^ K x ~ O_ ## QiOz q+ =

q=iOKK "^\ x K#>`, ~O_= x_ [iy O_k J# J~=
=K#@Q KC@# zOK K#q.
DqÔQ QÒ x XH ==#O^ =#= K x ~ O_ ## QiOz KC K

"^\ x K#>` ~O_= x [iyO_k J# J~= zOK@
"Would have+ III form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=x
Subject Singular, Plural U^## 'Would have' LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1.
h= x# ## J_y#@~`, <# h
help K =O_"_x.
If you had asked me yesterday, I would
have helped you.
2. g~ HOKO early Q |î

=#>`, train JO^Hx =O_"~.
If you had started little earlier, you
would have caught the train.
3. P" regular Q medicines fHx

=#>`, W\H HHx=O_k.
If she had taken medicines regularly,
she would have recovered by now.
4. J`_ last year hard work K L#>`,

first class pass J~=O_ " _ .
If he had worked hard last year, he
would have passed in first class.
389
5. g~ x# WH _ =z # > ` ,
=#= P q+ = discuss
K=O_"~=.
If you had come here yesterday, we
would have discussed that matter.
6. =#= D work x# < start K

#>`, D time H finish KO_
"~=.
If we had started this work yesterday,
we would have finished it by this time.
7. P" ==# invite K#>`,

"= x# function H attend J~=O_
"O.
If she had invited us, we would have
attended the function yesterday.
,
: 94406
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8. g~ x# = inform K#>`,
"= _ g` picnic H =z=O_
"~=.
If you had informed us, we would
have also come on picnic with you.
9. J`_ last time serious Q try K

#>`, P job OkO_"_.
If he had tried for the job seriously last
time, he would have got it.
10. g~ bill pay K#>`, "~ g

W\H goods deliver K O_"~.
If you had paid the bill, they would
have delivered the goods by now.
11. <
aOz =#>` ,
festival = native place H " o
=O_"_x.
last week leave
If I had found leave last week, I would

have gone to my native place for the
festival.
12. P" P
WOHH < ~A
continue K =#>`, iQ HHx
=O_k.
medicine
If she had continued that medicine

one more month, She would have
recovered completely.
D "HD
=
xH translate
K O_.
"HEnglish
= English
xH translate
K O_.
1. h= Hi#> ` , "~ h ` H
HiOz=O_"~.
2. g~ _ =z=#@~ `, =#= x#
party Q enjoy K=O_ "~=.
3. J` _ last year Degree pass
J~=#@~`, P.G. join J~=O_
"_.
4. P" exam. H appear J~=#@~`,
`H pass J~=O_k.
5. ~u WH_ =~O _=#@~ `, =#=
K trouble face K =O_"~=.
6. h= x# manager # request
K=#>`, P# h leave grant
K=O_"_.
7. g~ early morning |î=#>`,
D time H Hyderabad K ~ Hx
=O_"~.
8. <# x# J`xx He #>`, D
q+ O J_y =O_"_x.
K=#>`, "=
money pay K=O_ "~=.
9. g~ P## J_y#>` g =Oz

advice Wz =O_"_.
If they had finished the work, we
10. J`_ try K=#>`, P

seat Ok=O_"_.
13. "~
work finish
would have paid them money.

14.
EXERCISE
<# last week salary draw K=#>`,

= brother H money O LO_"_x.
college
If I had drawn salary last week, I would

have sent money to my brother.
A warrior without courage blames his weapons.
390
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NEGATIVE FORM
XHHi =#= QÒ ~ O_ # K

O^=. P ~ O_ # "^\
x [iyO_H ~#>`, ~O_= x _ [iy =O_k H^ J# J~=`
"H= KCKO^=.
J
J
J
J
g~ help KH~#@~`, "= D work finish K"~= H^.

h= =O^Q = inform K L#@~`, "= WH_ =zLO_"~= H=.
J`_ last year hard work K#>`, fail J~=O_"_ H^.
P" invite KH` "= x# function H attend J~=O_"~= H^.
"H= =#= QÒ ~ O_ # K

O^=. P ~ O_ # "^\
x [iyO_H ~#>`, ~O_= x _ [iy =O_k H^ J# J~=#
zOKK#q.
D q^=Q QÒ K# ~ O_ # "^\ x [iyO_H ~#>` , ~ O_= x _

[iy =O_k H^ J# J~=# zOK@
"Would not have + III form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=x
Subject Singular, Plural U^## ''Would not have'' LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1.
2.
3.
h= last year studies neglect

KL
#>` , exam pass J~=O_"_q
H^.
If you had neglected your studies last

year, you would not have passed the
exam.
g~ HOKO late Q |î=#>`
train JO^<"~ H^.
If you had started little late, you would
not have caught the train.
= brother serious Q try
KH~#>` D job Ok=O_
"_ H^.
4.
391
If my brother had not tried seriously,

he would not have got the job.
P" request K H~#@~` "~
J`xH help K LO_"~ H^.
If she had not requested, they would
not have helped him.
5. "~ = W=H~#@~`
"= D problem solve K"~=
H^.
6.
If they had not given us advice, we

would not have solved the problem.
x# =~= _ #>` "= journey
continue K"~= H^.
If it had rained yesterday, we would
not have continued our journey.
7. =#= J_ Q H ~#> ` , J` _
=# x# D news K =O_"_
H^.
8.
If we had not asked him, he would

not have told us this news yesterday.
Doctor # consult J=H~#@~`
P" HHx =O_k H^.
If she had not consulted the doctor,

She would not have recovered.
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9. J`_ = =O^Q inform K=

#@
~` "= WH_ =z =O_"~=
H^.
If he had informed us earlier, we
would not have come here.
10. "~ =O^Q *Q` fHx =#>`

D problem face K LO_"~ H^.
If they had taken care earlier, they
would not have faced this problem.
11. "= D news =O^Q `Hx

#>` "= WH_ time waste
KHx LO_"~= H^.
If we had known this news earlier, we
would not have wasted our time here.
12. < # J` x Q iOz =O^ Q

qxL# @ ~ ` J` x ` friends K
=O_"_x H^.
If I had heard about him earlier, I would
not have made friends with him.
13.
f#@~`
[iy =O_kH^.
Driver care
accident
If the driver had taken care, the

accident would not have happened.
14. =#= K=O_#@~`, "~ D

q+= `Hx =O_"~ H^.
If we had not told them, they would
not have known this matter.
15. h=
f#@~`
exam fail J~=O_"_= H^.
last year tuition
If you had taken tuition last year, you
EXERCISE
D "HD
=
xH translate
K O_.
"HEnglish
= English
xH translate
K O_.
1. <# D news KH ~>`, g~
èHx =O_"~ H^.
2. "= x# class H attend J~=O_
#>` , "= lesson follow J"~=
H^.
3. Driver care f#@~ `, D accident
[iy=O_k H^.
4. =#= J` x H =O^ Q inform
K = #> ` , J` _ | @
"oLO_"_ H^.
5. P" coaching fHx LO_H` , P
rank Ok=O_kH^.
6. "~ = support KH~#>`,
" = D q+ O succeed
J"~= H^.
7. J`_ J_QO_ L#@~`, "~
q=~ K=O_"~ H^.
8. <# =O^Q D q+= èHx
=#>` , "i q+ O *HO K Hx
LO_"_x H^.
9. <# D q+O =O^Q èHx
=#@~ `, "iH K=
O_ "_xH#.
10. g~ < =O^Q K=#@~`,
<# WH_ =z=O_"_x H#.
would not have failed in the exam.
Z
Take care of coins, the rupees will take care of themselves.
392
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QUESTION FORM
XHHi =#= QÒ XH~ K O_x XH xx QiOz H~}=#
zOKK tOKKO^=.
J
J
J
J
<# x# J_y#>` h= < O K= O_"_"?

Last time ceaching f#@~` h= Rank Ok=O_"_"?
x# J`xx request K=#>` J`_ =# problem solve K=O_"_?
h= D job O^#>`, ZH_ settle J~=O_"_q ?
DqÔQ QÒx XH ==#O^ Kx ~O_ ## KCK "^\ x

[iy#>`, ~O_=x KO_"~ J# J~=` tOK@
" Would have + III form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=x
Subject Singular, Plural U^## 'Would have' =K#.
~O_= Clause 'had + III form of the verb' =K#.
EXAMPLES
1. h= Inter pass J~=#>`, Degree
Ki=O_"_"?
Would you have joined degree if you
had passed intermediate?
2. g~
5. x# =~O _ =# >` g~ programme

cancel K=O_"~?
Would you have cancelled the
programme if it had rained yesterday?
invite K #>`, P" x#

Functions H attend J~=O_^?
Would she have attended the function
yesterday if you had invited her?
6. h= x# request K=#>` Manager

leave grant K=O_"~?
3. h= try K#>` last time P job Ok

=O_"_"?
7. ~u =~O _#@~`, g~
programmeZH_ x~Oz=O_"~?
Would you have got that job if you had

tried last time?
4. <# x# x# J_y=#>` h= <

help K =O_"_"?
Would you have helped me if i had
asked you yesterday?
393
Would the Manager have granted you

leave if you had requested him?
Where would you have organised the

programme, if it had rained last night?
8. J`_ D proposal u~iOz#@~`,

g~ Uq K=O_"~?
What would you have done, if he had
rejected this proposal?
EXERCISE
'Wh' QUESTIONS
9.
J~=#>`, h=
Uq K= O_"_q?
Last year exam fail
What would you have done if you had

failed in the exam last year?
10. g~ x# train miss J~#>` Chennai

H Z K~< "~?
How would you have reached Chennai
if you had missed the train yesterday?
11. Coaching fHx#>` h= last

time exam Zx marks score
K= O_"_q?
Howmany marks would you have
scored in the exam if you had taken
coaching last time?
12. Principal h college seat reject K

=#>` h= ZH_ join J~=O_
"_q?
Where would you have joined if the
Principal had rejected you the seat in
the college?
13. <# x# g help KH~#>`

g~ D problem Z solve K=O_
"~?
How would you have solved this problem if i had not helped you yesterday?
14. <# KH ~#>` g~ D

Z `Hx=O_"~?
: 94406 16425
news
How would you have known this news

if i had not told you?
15. h= last time lottery I lakh prize

Qez=#>`, P amount Z Y~ K
=O_"_q?
How would you have spent the
amount if you had won i lakh prize in
the lottery last time?

1. P# last time elections \ K
=#>` Qez =O_"_?
2. P" medicines f#>`, HHx
=O_^?
3. h= "iH =O^Q inform K =#>`,
"~ =# =uHeOz =O_"~?
4. "~ ez=#>` h= _ "i` tour
"o=
O_"_"?
5. h= J_y#>` J`_ h help K
=O_"_?
6. J`_ D news qx =#>` x# WH_
=z=O_"_?
7. h= promotion Ok=#>`, ZO` salary draw K=
O_"_q?
8. "~ last time x# "yOz=#>`,
h= Uq K=
O_"_q?
9. "~ x# = H\Oz=#>` g~
ZH_H "o=
O_"~?
10. g father x# result QiOz J_y#>` ,
h= Uq K=O_"_q?
11. <# time H WH_ ~O_#>` , h
Z=~ help K=O_"~?
12. h= last time test 90% marks score
K=#>`, h= U course join J~
=O_"_q?
East or west, home is the best.
Z
394
: 94406 16425
REVISION
=#= D ~A Uq <~<= ?
D ~A =#= =# Spoken English Course 'Would have + III form of the Verb'
J# structure QiOz <~<=. nx =#= 1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3.
1.
POSITIVE FORM :
QÒx XH ==#O^ XH~ Kx XH xx QiOz H~}=#

zOKK 'K =O_ "~= J#@Q KC@# zOK@ " Would have +
III form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. If you had taken medicines, you would have recovered soon.

2. If he had started earlier, he would have reached the house in time.
3. If she had told me, I would have informed them.
4. If they had come here, they would have met him.
2.
NEGATIVE FORM :
QÒ x XH ==#O^ XH~ K#

XH xx QiOz H~}=# zOKK
'K =O_"~= H^ J# negative sense zOK@ " Would not + have
+ III form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. If I had known it earlier, I would not have sent him there.

2. If we had gone late, he would not have given us the tickets.
3. If she had neglected, she would not have passed.
4. If they had arrived late, they would not have heard his speech.
3.
QUESTION FORM :
QÒx XH ==#O^ XH~ Kx XH xx QiOz H~}=#

zOKK 'K =O_"~ J# J~=` tOK@# zOK@ " Would
have + III form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. Would you have helped hi m if he had asked you?

2. Would he have got the post if he had not paid money?
3. Would she have known this news if I had not told her?
4. Would they have completed the work if we had not helped them?
395
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I Form
II Form
III Form
801. Macerate
macerated
macerated
802. Machinate
machinated
machinated
803. Madden
maddened
maddened
804. Magpie
magpied
magpied
805. Malinger
malingered
malingered
806. Manipulate
manipulated
manipulated
807. Masticate
masticated
masticated
808. Mince
minced
minced
809. Misplace
misplaced
misplaced
810. Misuse
misused
misused
811. Mitigate
mitigated
mitigated
812. Modify
modified
modified
813. Moister
moistered
moistered
814. Molest
molested
molested
815. Mould
moulded
moulded
816. Moffle
moffled
moffled
817. Mumble
mumbled
mumbled
818. Munch
munched
munched
819. Mutilate
mutilated
mutilated
820. Mutter
muttered
muttered
Meaning
<#" "`|~K@
@#@
"i ZuOK@
J~z JiK@
J<~Q=Q #\OK@
<~` xK@
#qe#qe u#@
=HQ #~@
`y#K@ =OK@
îxQ~K@
`=K@
=~@, `yOK@
`_@
^ @@
~=xK@
KeH HCH#@
Q}Q@
@
"O_K @
Q}Q@

Z
396
A virtuous woman is a crown to her husband.
: 94406 16425
COULD HAVE
XHHi QÒ x XH == #O^ =#= K x ~ O_ ## QiOz
q+= q=iOKK "^\ x K#>`, ~O_= x_ KQey=O_
"~= J# J~=
=K#@Q =~ = (ability) QiOz zOKKO^=.
J "= D work last week start K #>`, x#\H finish KQey O_ "~=.
J h= x# ## J_y#>`
, <# h help K Qey LO_"_x.
J =#= train =z#>`, WH_ time H K~HQey O_"~=.
J Exam. H Q prepare J~=#>`, h= =Oz marks score K QeyO_ "_q.
"H= QÒx XH == #O^ =#= Kx ~O_ ## QiOz

q+= q=iOKK "^\ x K#>`, ~O_= x_ KQey=O_
"~= J# J~=
=K#@Q =~ = QiOz zOK K#q.
DqÔQ QÒ x XH ==#O^ =#= H "~H~ K H ~# ~ O_ ##

zOKK "^\ x K L#>`, ~O_= xx KQey =O_"~= J# J~=`
zOK@
"Could have+ III form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=x
Subject Singular, Plural U^## 'could have + III form'
=K#.
EXAMPLES
1.
2.
=#= express train JO^ Hx

#> ` , D time H JH_H
K~HQeyO_"~=.
If we had caught the Express train, we
could have reached there in time.
= brother last time coaching fHx
#>`, first class pass J=Qey
O_"_.
3.
4.
397
If my brother had taken coaching last

time, he could have passed in first
class.
g~ = last time help K

#>` ,
"= succeed J~=O_"~=.
If you had helped us last time, we
could have succeeded.
x# match Sachin Q P_#>` ,
India match Q=QeyO_k.
If Sachin had played well, India could
have won the match yesterday.
5. h= Jx lessons thorough Q prepare

J~=# > ` , x# exam Jx
questions answer K Qey=O_"_q.
If you had prepared all the lessons
thoroughly, you could have answered
all the questions in the exam yesterday.
6. = "i ~H QiOz =O^Q<

è#>`, "iH accommodation
HeOKQey =O_"~=.
7.
If we had known about their arrival

earlier, we could have provided
accommodation for them.
g~ P"# "O@< hospital fHo
L#>`, doctors P"# save K Qey
=O_"~.
If you had taken her to hospital

immediately, the doctors could have
saved her.
,
: 94406
16425 .
8. g~ last time P# advice

J~=#> ` , P problem
KQey =O_"~.
follow
solve
If you had followed his advice, you

could have solved that problem last
time.
9. x# <# salary draw K=#>`, <#

J` x H money adjust K Q e y
=O_"_x.
If I had drawn my salary yesterday, I
could have adjusted him money
yesterday.
10. = family members encourage

K=
#>` , <# OQ < goal
K~ HQey =O_"_x.
If the members of my family had
encouraged me, I could have
reached my goal easily.
11. J`_ last time P job HO serious Q

try K = # > ` , ` H O^ Q e y
=O_"_.
If he had tried for that job seriously last
time, he could have got it.
12. h= school days < concentrate

K=#>`, h= English Q <~H
Qey=O_"_=.
If you had concentrated in your school
days, you could have learned English
by now.
13. g~ = =O^ Q
K=#>`, "= _ g`
~Qey =O_"~=.
inform
tour H
It you had informed us earlier, we

could have come on tour with you.
EXERCISE
D "HD
=
xH translate
K O_.
"HEnglish
= English
xH translate
K O_.
1. =#= JH_ "o=#>`, "i` D
q+O discuss KQey =O_
"~=.
2. JO^ ~ H e x K # > ` ,
N KO^| =~ CM J=Qey=O_
"~.
3. =O^Q batting Z#Hx=#>`, x#
match India Q=Qey=O_k.
4. <# x# J`x` =\_#>` , <#
J`xx XOKQe y=O_"_x.
5. =#= early Q |î #>`,
D time H sea shore H K~HQey
=O_"~=.
6. g~ festival H = =~ =z =#>`,
=#= Q celebrate KHQey
=O_"~=.
7. x# time aOz #>` , "= g
WO\H ~Qey=O_"~=.
8. h= text books refer K #>`, Jx
questions
answer
K Q e y
=O_"_q.
9. g~ =Oz products ` ~ K
#>` , g~ business Q improve
KQeyO_"~.
10. Q` < =~O _#>` , "= =Oz
O@ O_OKQe yO_"~=.
Patience is a bitter plant, but its fruit is sweet.
398
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NEGATIVE FORM
XHHi =#= QÒ x XH ==#O^ iK
#
~ O_ ## QiOz
zOKK "^\ x [~Q#>`, ~O_= xx KH "~= J# J~=`
zOK KO^=.
h= co-operate K H~#>` , <# D ~OH O^Qe Q "_x H^.

=#= Q practice KH~#>`, x# match Q=QeQ"~= H^.
g~ J`xx hospital late Q f =z#>`, doctors J`xx save KQeQ"~
H^.
"~ last month special classes fH#H~#>`, syllabus iK QeQ"~
H^.
J
J
J
J
"H= =#= QÒ x XH ==#O^ i K#

~ O_ ## QiOz
zOKK, "^\ x [~Q#>`, ~O_= xx KH"~= J# J~=#
zOKK#q.
D q^=Q QÒ x XH ==#O^ =#= i K Qey# XH xH ability

zOKK "^\ xx K #>` , ~ O_= x K Qey =O_ "~= H^ J# J~= `
zOK@
"Could not have + III form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=x
Subject Singular, Plural U^## 'Could not have' LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1.
h=
help KH~#>`, "= D

problem face KH"~=.
If you had not helped us, we could
not have faced this problem.
2. g~ hardwork KH ~#>`,
=Oz result O^QeQ"~ H^.
5. x# Sehwag century K H~#>` ,

India match Q=Hk.
6.
If you had not worked hard, you could

not have got good result.
3.
T.D.P. support K H ~#@ ~ `

B.J.P. H O ^ O `x U~ @
KQeQkH^.
If the T.D.P. had not supported, the

B.J.P. could not have formed the
government at centre.
4. h= KH~#>`, <# D
`HH "_x.
news
If you had not told me, I could not

have known this news.
399
7.
If Sehwag had not made a century,

India could not have won the match
yesterday.
= parents encourage K H`, <#
M.A. KQeQ"}H^.
If my parents had not encouraged me,
I could not have done M.A.
=#= ~ u express train miss
J~#@ ~ ` , D ~A WH _
K~HQeQ"~= H^.
If we had missed the express train last

night, we could not have reached here
today.
8. h= Q~ KH~#@~`, <# P
q+O Q~ @HH"_x.
If you had not reminded me, I could
not have remembered that matter.
,
: 94406
16425 .
9.
KH~#>`, z~Orq
JO` popular actor J=QeQ"_H^.
Hardwork
If he had not worked hard, Chiranjivi

could not have become a popular
hero.
10. < # = father advice follow

J=H~#>`, studies success
HH "_x.
If I had not followed my father's advice,
I could not have succeeded in my
studies.
11. <# Jx lessons prepare J=H~

#>`, x# exam Q " QeQ "_x
H^.
If I had not prepared all the lessons, I
could not have written the exam well
yesterday.
12. J`_ P office sincere Q work

KH~#>`, officer Q promotion
O^QeQ"_H^.
If he had not worked in that office
sincerely, he could not have got a
promotion as an officer.
13. g~ recommend K H~#@~`,

<# job O^QeQ"_#H^.
If you had not recommended me, I
could not have got this job.
14. h= zOK H ~#@ ~ ` , < #

mistake ` HQ e Q "_ # H^ .
If you had not suggested me, I could
not have realised this mistake.
EXERCISE
D "HD
=
xH translate
K O_.
"HEnglish
= English
xH translate
K O_.
1. = lecturers Q teach KH~
#@~`, "= pass J=QeQ"~=
H=.
2. "= x# WH_H ~#@~ `, "ix
H=QeQ"~=H^.
3. <# J`xH money W=H~#@~`,
J`_ P course join J=QeQ"_
H^.
4. h= < W=#>`, <# D
x~O fHQeQ"_#H#.
5. "= Q K^=O_=#>`, Jx
questions answer K Q e Q "~ =
H=.
6. J`_ last time try K #>` , P post
OêQ"_H^.
7. h= time H JH_H K~ HH~#>` ,
P competition #H "_q.
8. "~ co-operate KH~#@~`,
=#= D work complete KQeQ
"~= H^.
9. =#O x# theatre late H Q
" o = # @ ~ ` , tickets O^ Q e Q
"=H^.
10. Q=
O`x ^ #>` , "= D
position K~H QeQ"~= H^.
11. g H~O #>`, "= D xx
time i KQeQ"~=H^.
Z
Pen is mightier than sword.
400
: 94406 16425
QUESTION FORM
QÒ x XH ==#O^ XH~ K H ~# XH xx QiOz H~}=#
zOKK tOK KO^=.
J
J
J
J
J`_ last year job H~ uOz L#>`, job O^QeyO_"_?

P" doctor # consult J~L#>` , P "k #Oz HHQeyO_^?
h= studies continue K=#>`, W\H Degree i K QeyO_ "_"?
=#= taxi "o =#>`, train JO^HQey LO_"~=?
D q^=Q QÒ x XH == #O^ XH~ K H ~# XH xx QiOz H~}=#

KCK, "^\ x K# >`, ~O_= xx KQey O_"~ J# J~=` ability
(xx K Qey O_ =~ =) KK t OK@
"Could have + III form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=x
Subject Singular, Phral U^## 'Could have' =K#.
~O_= Clause 'had + III form of the verb' LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1. <# last time try K#>` P job 5. P" Last year computer course join
J~=#>`, W\H i KQey
O^QeyO_"_<?
=O_^?
Could I have got that job if i had tried
2.
3.
4.
for it last time?

=#= taxi
=z#>`,
JO^HQeyO_"~=?
train
Could we have caught the train if we

had come by a taxi?
g~ last night WH_ |î =O>,
W\H JH_H K~HQeyO_

"~?
Could you have reached there by now
if you had started here last night?
Last time coaching fHx #>`
J`_ =Oz rank O^QeyO_
"_?
Could he have got good rank if he had

taken coaching last time?
401
6.
7.
8.
Could she have completed the computer course by now if she had joined
last year?
=#= =O^Q inform K =#>`
"~ U~@ KQeyO_"~?
Could they have made the arrangements if we had informed earlier?

<# English medium join J~=#>`,
lessons follow J=Qey =O_"_<?
Could I have followed the lessons if i
had joined English medium?
=# team =O^ Q batting K
# > ` , x# match Q =Q e y
O_"~?
Could they have won the mathc if they

had chosen to bat first yesterday ?
,
: 94406
16425 .
9.
Communist party support KH~

#>`, Congress Party HOÔ govt
form KQey=O_^?
Could the Congress Party have formed
the govt. at centre if the communist parties had not supported?
10.h= Q prepare J~=#>`, Zx
marks score KQey =O_"_=?
How many marks could you have
scored if you had prepared well?
11. Studies i K# "O@< h= job
Ok =#>`, W\H Zx OII service i K Qey =O_"_q?
How many year service could you have
completed by now if you had got a job
immediately after your studies?
12. B J P majority seats Qez=#>` P
Party Z=~ PM J=Qey=O_"~?
Who could have become Prime Minister in hat party if the BJP had won majority of seats?
13."~ D proposal u~iOz =#>`
h= Uq KQey=O_"_=?
What could you have done if they had

rejected this proposal ?
14.=O^ Q
batting
choose
KHx#@~`, x# match
Indian players Zx ~ Q score
KQey=O_"~?
Howmany runs could the Indian players have scored if they had chosen
batting first?
15."~ accommodation H e OK H
~#@~`, =#= ~u ZH_

"QeQ"~=?
Where could we have gone, if they had

not provided us the accommodation last
night?
EXERCISE
D "HD
=
xH translate
K O_.
"HEnglish
= English
xH translate
K O_.
1. x# =#= P bus miss J~#@~`

time H exam hall H K ~ HQ e y
=O_"~=?
2. =#= x# J` x O
Hi=#@~`, J`_ =# help
KQey=O_"_?
3. P" # lecturers Q encourage
K=#@~`, state rank O^Qey
=O_^?
4. =#= "ix Hi=#@~`, "~
Z = " ` O donate K Q e y
=O_"~?
5. J`_ regular Q classes H attend
J~=#@~`, Z= marks score
KQey=O_"_?
6. Night JO` work K=#@~`, "~
W\H Zx cards print KQey
=O_"~?
7. Night JO` journey K=#@~`
W\H =#= ZO`^
~=

}O
KQey=O_"~=?
8. h x# amount JOk=#@~`, h=
"iH ZO` amount adjust KQey
=O_"_=?
The folly of one man is the fortune of another.
402
: 94406 16425
REVISION
=#= D ~A Uq <~<= ?
D ~A =#= =# Spoken English Course 'Could have + III form of the Verb'
1.
POSITIVE FORM :
QÒ x XH ==#O^ K H ~# XH xx QiOz H~}=# KK

'KQey =O_"~= J#@Q ability QiOz KC@# zOK@ " Could
have + III form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. If you had asked me, I could have helped you.

2. If we had come by an auto, we could have caught the train.
3. If she had worked hard, she could have scored well.
4. If they had practised regularly, they could have won the match.
2.
NEGATIVE FORM :
QÒx XH ==#O^ KQey# XH xx QiOz H~}=# KK

'KH "~= J#@Q KC@# zOK@ " Could not + have + III
form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. If I had not taken coaching, I could not have passed the test.
2. If we had not gone by a taxi, we could not have reached their in time.
3. If he had not prepared all the lessons, he could not have answered all the
questions.
4. If they had delayed the work,, they could not have got the payment.
3.
QUESTION FORM :
QÒ x XH ==#O^ K H ~# XH xx QiOz H~}=# KK

'KQey =O_"~ J# J~= ability QiOz tOK@# zOK@ "
Could have + III form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. Could you have succeeded, if they had not co-operated with you?
2. Could you have got this job, if he had not recommended you?
3. Could he have become an officer, if he had not worked hard?
4. Could they have cleared the loan, if he had not helped them?
403
: 94406 16425

I Form
II Form
III Form
821.
Neigh
neighed
neighed
822.
Nestle
nestled
nestled
823.
Nibble
nibbled
nibbled
824.
Niggle
niggled
niggled
825.
Notify
notified
notified
826.
Nourish
nourished
nourished
827.
Obsess
obsessed
obsessed
828.
Outlive
outlived
outlived
829.
Overflow
overflowed
overflowed
830.
Overhawl
overhawled
overhawled
831.
Overrule
overruled
overruled
832.
Overturn
overturned
overturned
833.
Owe
owed
owed
834.
Palliate
palliated
palliated
835.
Palpitate
palpitated
palpitated
836.
Pamper
pampered
pampered
837.
Pander
pandered
pandered
838.
Parch
parched
parched
839.
Parse
parsed
parsed
840.
Patronize
patronized
patronized
Meaning
HeOK@
~xO^@
HiHu#@
H= =$^K
@
è~K@
Oz^K@
=<"^# HeyOK
z~~Q =O_@
i =OK@
i =~=`
K@
~^K@
`HO^Q@
|}_=O_@
L=#= O^@
H@H#, J^~@
^`KK@
HiH HQ*@
ZO_@@
qq^ Q=
q=iOK
ÒK@

Z
404
: 94406 16425
SHOULD HAVE
XHHi QÒ x XH ==#O^ XH~ K x XH xx QiOz "~ P
xx KO_=#kQ zOKKO^=.
J
J
J
J
h= Q=~"O@ Hr join J~LO_ =#k.

g~ Vijayawada < settle J~=O_ =#k.
g~ "O@< P"# @H f"o O_=#k.
g~ D q+O =O^Q< "iH inform KO_=#k.
"H= QÒ x XH == #O^ =#= K x XH xx QiOz =#=

KO_=#kQ zOK K#q.
DqÔQ QÒ x XH ==#O^ =#= Qx, "~H~ Qx K x XH xx QiOz

Pxx KO> QO_k J# J~= =K#@Q zOK@
"Should have+ III form of the Verb" LyOK =#.
*
Note : "H=x
Subject Singular, Plural U^## 'Should have + III Form'
=K#.
EXAMPLES
1.
h= x# principal x
LO_=#k.
consult
J~
2.
You should have consulted the

Principal yesterday.
g~ x# J` x H bill pay K
3.
You should have paid him the bill

yesterday.
h= last summer computer course
4.
You should have done the computer

course last summer.
g brother last week P job HO try
5.
Your brother should have tried for that

job last time.
P" x# sH "ix _ invite
O_=#k.
KO_=#k.
KO_=#k.
KO_=#k.
She should have invited them also to

the party yesterday.
405
6. "~ last year P

O_=#k.
house
Hx
7.
They should have bought that house

last year.
<# last year MPC group join J~
8.
I should have joined M.P.C Group last

year.
=#= Hyderabad city settle J~
9.
We should have settled down in

Hyderabad city.
g~ last time entrance test H coaching
10.
You should have taken coaching for

the entrance test last time.
"~ last year hardwork K O_
=O_=#k.
LO_=#k.
fHxLO_=#k.
=#k.
They should have worked hard last

year.
,
: 94406
16425 .
11. x# match QOQe =O^Q batting

choose KH#=#k.
12.
Ganguly should have chosen to bat

first in the match yesterday.
P" last year studies continue K
13.
She should have continued her

studies last year.
"~ =O^Q< tickets book KHx
O_=#k.
LO_=#k.
They should have booked the tickets

earlier.
14. <# D q+ O x# J`x` =\_

LO_=#k.
16.
I should have talked this matter to him

yesterday.
=#= x# guest accommodation
provide KO_=#k.
We should have provided the
accommodation to the guests
yesterday.
g~ "iH D q+O x#< inform
17.
You should have informed them this

matter yesterday.
P" J C _ P proposal X C Hx
18.
She should have accepted to that

proposal then.
g~ D work x#< i K
15.
19.
KO_=#k.
LO_=#k.
O_=#k.
You should have finished this work

yesterday itself.
x# match last over Zaheer Khan
bowl KO_=#k.
Zaheerkhan should have bowled the
last over in yesterday's match.
20. h= XH =Oz x~ O f Hx
LO_=#k.
You should have taken a strong
decision.
EXERCISE
D "HD
=
xH translate
K O_.
"HEnglish
= English
xH translate
K O_.
1. h= last time P test H appear
J~=O_=#k.
2. g~ x# < H O JH _ wait
K=O_=#k.
3. =#= =O^ Q D q+ O
Manager ` discuss K=O_=#k.
4. P# P party < continue J~=O_
=#k.
5. P" JC_ P.G. K=O_=#k.
6. "~ x#< P report submit K=O_
=#k.
7. <# last time P job H try K=O_
=#k.
8. "= JH_ WOHH "~O ~A stay
K=O_=#k.
9. P # WOHH "~ O ~A rest
fHx=O_=#k.
10. P" x# P competition participate
K=O_=#k.
11. P # P post H J C _ resign
K=O_=#k.
12. h= " O @< < inform K = O_
=#k.
13. g~ g # D school admit
K=O_=#k.
14. x# g~ _ =` =z = O_
=#k.
15. J`_ exam H WOH Q prepare
J~=O_=#k.
Hope for the best and prepare for the worst.
406
: 94406 16425
NEGATIVE FORM
QÒ XH ==#O^ XH xx KO_ =O_=#kQ KC KO^=.
XH xx QÒ ~@#Qx, J^
=
Qx K O^=. P xx K=
O_=#k
H^ J# J~=` zOK@.
h= x# meeting H attend J=O_ =O_=#k.

g~ x# "iO\H "O_ =O_=#k.
g brother P job =^HO_ =O_=#k.
P" "ix function H invite KO_ =O_=#k.
J
J
J
J
"H= QÒ XH ==#O^ XH xx KO_ =O_=#kQ

(xx K=O_=#k H^) Jx KC@# zOKK#q.
D q^=Q QÒ x XH ==#O^ =#= Qx, "~H~ Qx K# XH xx QiOz

`~ "` Ja= =H ~ Px K O_ =O_=#k J# J~= ` zOK@
"Should not have+ III form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
Note : "H=x
Subject Singular, Plural U^## 'should not have' LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1.
< # last year studies discontinue

KO_ =O_=#k.
I should not have discontinued my
studies last year.
2. =#= x# JH _ " O_
=O_=#k.
3.
We should not have gone there

yesterday.
h= J` x H help K O_
4.
You should not have helped him.

g~ x# g\OQ postpone K O_
5.
You should not have postponed the

meeting yesterday.
g brother last year P job H resign
7.
She should not have accepted to that

proposal.
"~ P house J= O_
8.
They should not have sold that house.

h= J` x H =O^ Q money pay
LO_=#k.
=O_=#k.
KO_ =O_=#k.
Your brother should not have

resigned to that post last year.
407
6. P" P proposal XCHO_ LO_

=#k.
=O_=#k.
KO_ =O_=#k.
You should not have paid him money

earlier.
9. =#= "i q+ O *H O
KHO_ =O_=#k.
10.
We should not have interefered in

thier matter.
J` _ arts group K ~ O_
=O_=#k.
He should not have joined the arts

group.
,
: 94406
16425 .
11. P" x# "ix party H

O_=O_=#k.
invite
12.
She should not have invited them to

the party yesterday.
<# x# JH_ time waste KO_
13.
I should not have wasted my time

there yesterday.
=#= last year studies neglect
14.
We should not have neglected our

studies last year.
h= x# work delay K O_
15.
You should not have delayed the work

yesterday.
g father P business close KO_
=O_=#k.
KO_=O_=#k.
=O_=#k.
=O_=#k.
Your father should not have closed

that business.
16. P" x# "i` J =\_O_

=O_=#k.
17.
She should not have talked to them

like that yesterday.
"~ last month P house vacate
KO_ =O_=#k.
They should not have vacated that

house lastmonth.
18. g~ P =~ =ê@O_ =O_

=#k.
19.
You should not have left that village.

g~ P project JO` amount
20.
You should not have spent that much

amount on that project.
g brother politics H enter HO_
Y~@O_ =O_=#k.
LO_=#k.
Your brother should not have entered

into politics.
EXERCISE
D "HD
=
xH translate
K O_.
"HEnglish
= English
xH translate
K O_.
1. <# x# JH_ J`xx H=O_
=O_=#k.
2. " = x# class miss H O_
=O_=#k.
3. g~ D q+= J`xH KO_
=O_=#k.
4. g brother P x~O fHO_
=O_=#k.
5. P" x# P party H attend HO_
=O_=#k.
6. "~ business JO` amount invest
KO_ =O_=#k.
7. <# x# "i =O^ J =iOK
O_=O_=#k.
8. "= J`x` JO` close Q move
HO_ =O_=#k.
9. h= x# J`xx P q+O J_QO_
=O_=#k.
10. g~ x# programme cancel
KO_ =O_=#k.
11. J`_ last time P s K~O_
=O_=#k.
12. P" x# "iO\H "O_ =O_
=#k.
13. "~ last week work stop KO_
=O_=#k.
14. =#= J` x P^~ _ O_
=O_=#k.
15. g~ last year P Hl K~O_
=O_=#k.
Beauty is truth, truth is beauty.
Z
408
: 94406 16425
QUESTION FORM
QÒ x XH ==#O^ XH~ K x XH xx QiOz P xx K #>`
QO_#<_ L^ =`
t
OK KO^=.
x# JH_ <# _ "o =O_ =#^?

J "= P course K =O_=#^?
J J`_ last month P post apply K =O_=#^?
J P" x# "ix _ invite K =O_=#^?
D q^=Q QÒ x XH == #O^ XH~ K x XH xx QiOz P xx K
O_#>` QO_^" J# L^ =` t OK@
" Should have + III form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
J
Note :
"H=x
Subject Singular, Plural U^## 'Should have' =K#.
EXAMPLES
1. < #
2.
3.
4.
5.
MPC group join J== # ^?

Should I have joined M.P.C group?
"= D q+O "iH =O^Q inform K=O_=#^?
Should we have informed them this
matter earlier?
h= last year govt job H try K
6. J`_ P job resign K=O_=#^?
Should you have tried for a govt job last

year?
P" heart specialist # consult J~
Should we have complained to the police on this matter?
=O_=#^?
=O_=#^?
Should she have consulted the heart

specialist ?
"~ x# Work continue K = #^?
Should they have continued the work
yesterday ?
409
7.
Should he have resigned to his job?

< # D report x# < submit K
8.
Should I have submitted this report

yesterday?
"= D q+ O police complaint
=O_=#^?
K=O_=#^?
9. g~ x# XH x~ O f Hx
=O_=#^?
Should you have taken a decision yesterday?
10. J`_ last year computer course K
=O_=#^?
Should he have done the computer

course last year?
,
: 94406
16425 .
11. P"
last time entrance test ZH_

appear J~=O_=#^?
Where Should she have appeared for
the entrance test last time?
12. "~ ZC_ JH_ |î =O_=

#k?
When should they have started there?
13. x# =#= JH _ Z=ix H
=O_=#k?
Whom should we have consulted
there yesterday?
14. =# last year ZO` amount invest K
=O_=#k?
Howmuch amount should we have invested last year?
15. =#= x# JH _ Uq K
=O_=#k?
What should we have done there yesterday?
16. x# match Indian players Zx runs
score K=O_=#k?
How many runs should the Indian players have scored in the match yesterday?
17. "~ ZH_ settle J~=O_=#k?
Where should they have settled down?
18. =#= Maths H U Book refer K
=O_=#k?
Which book should we have refered

to for Maths?
19. =#= last month U course join
EXERCISE
D "HD
=
xH translate
K O_.
"HEnglish
= English
xH translate
K
O_. EAMCET academy books
1.=#=
follow J~=O_=#^?
2. =#= _ Bits
K=O_=#^?
Pilani
3. g~ x# seminar
J~=O_=#^?
4. P" "ix _
=O_=#^?
5. "~ J C _ P
K=O_=#^?
apply
attend
invite
house
vacate
6. h= =O^Q< P course QiOz

quire K=O_=#^?
7. x# match last
K=O_=#k?
over
Z=~
en-
bowl
8. =#= x# marriage J`xH gift Q

Uq Wz=O_=#k?
9. =#= x# function guest Q Z=ix
invite K=O_=#k?
10. =#= x# Zx
K=O_=#k?
copies order
J~=O_=#k?
Which course should we have joined

last month?
20. =# application form ` Zx copies
enclose K =O_=#k?
How many copies should we have enclosed with the application form?
Wealth and power are not greater than honour.
410
: 94406 16425
REVISION
=#= D ~A Uq <~<= ?
D ~A =#= =# Spoken English Course 'Should have + III form of the Verb'
1.
POSITIVE FORM :
QÒx XH ==#O^ X~ Kx XH xx QiOz 'K=O_ =#k

J# J~=` KC@# zOK@ " Should have + III form of the Verb "
LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. You should have done the computer course.

2. He should have continued his studies last year.
3. She should have consulted the doctor.
4. They should have paid the bill yesterday.
2.
NEGATIVE FORM :
QÒx XH ==#O^ K# XH xx QiOz 'KO_ =O_=#k

J# J~=` KC@# zOK@ " Should not + have + III form of the Verb "
LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. You should not have gone there yesterday.

2. We should not have wasted our time there yesterday.
3. He should not have taken that decision.
4. They should not have delayed the work.
3.
QUESTION FORM :
QÒ x XH ==#O^ X~ K x XH xx QiOz 'K=

#>` QO_^
?
J# J~=` tOK@# zOK@ " Should have + III form of the Verb "
LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. Should I have consulted him earlier?

2. Should we have attended the conference yesterday?
3. Should you have joined that course last year?
4. Should they have bought that house then?
411
: 94406 16425

I Form
II Form
III Form
841.
Pave
paved
paved
842.
Pelt
pelted
pelted
843.
Penalize
penalized
penalized
844.
Perceive
perceived
perceived
845.
Perish
perished
perished
846.
Perplex
perplexed
perplexed
847.
Persist
persisted
persisted
848.
Personify
personified
personified
849.
Perspire
perspired
perspired
850.
Pervade
pervaded
pervaded
851.
Petrify
petrified
petrified
852.
Pinch
pinched
pinched
853.
Plead
pleaded
pleaded
854.
Polloute
polluted
polluted
855.
Pooh-pooh
pooh-poohed
pooh-poohed
856.
Portray
portrayed
portrayed
857.
Postdate
postdated
postdated
858.
Pounce
pounced
pounced
859.
Practise
practised
practised
860.
Prattle
prattled
prattled
Meaning
##~K@
qi"@
Ô_OK@
H#Q#@
#tOK@
H=~_@
@@@
=HQ@
K=@@
"OK@
tQ=~@
y@
=#qKH#@
H+`=K@
iOK@
@=w@
~= `k"@
L#@O_ | _@
J=K @
z#= =\_@

Z
412
He who has mastery over the mind is a monarch unto himself.
: 94406 16425
MUST HAVE
XHHi =#= QÒ x XH ==#O^ XH~ YzÒ Q K

O_#
h= J`xx WO` =O^ YzÒQ K=O\=.

J`_ x# YzÒQ Manager x He =O\_.
P" last week YzÒQ doctor # consult J~=O@Ok.
"~ x# YzÒQ D q+O discuss K=O\~.
J
J
J
J
"H= QÒ x XH == #O^ XH~ YzÒ Q K

O_# XH xx
QiOz zOKK#q.
DqÔQ QÒx XH ==#O^ =#= Qx, "~H~Qx YzÒQ XH xx

KO^~ Jx Z@=O\ O^= O_ <H KC@# zOK@
"Must have+ III form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=x
Subject Singular, Plural U^## ''Must have + III form'' LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1.
2.
3.
g~ YzÒQ D news qx=O\~.

You must have heard this news.
h= YzÒQ P book Kk"=O\=.
You must have read that book.
= brother YzÒQ ~u Delhi
|î=O\_.
4.
My brother must have started in Delhi

last night.
P" Yz ` O Q exam. pass J~
=O@Ok.
She must
examination.
have
passed
the
5. "~ YzÒ Q x# bank #O_ amount

draw K=O\~.
They must have drawn the amount
from the bank yesterday.
413
6. h= x# YzÒ Q J`xx He=O\=.

You must have met him yesterday.
7. g~
last month Yz ` O Q orders

receive KHx =O\~.
You must have received the orders
last month.
8. J`_ x# YzÒQ JH_ =# HO

wait K=O\_.
He must have waited for us there
yesterday.
9. P" YzÒQ HHx =O@Ok.

She must have recovered.
10. "~ YzÒQ D

=O\~.
news
`Hx
They must have known this news.
,
: 94406
16425 .
11. g~ YzÒQ Jx
J~=O\~.
chapters prepare
You must have prepared all the

chapters.
12. J`_ YzÒQ D q+O `# father

` discuss K=O\_.
He must have discussed this matter
with his father.
13. P" YzÒQ x# bank test H appear

J~=O@Ok.
She must have appeared for the bank
test yesterday.
14. "~ YzÒQ x# Hyderabad

specialist x consult J~=O\~.
They must have consulted the
specialist in Hyderabad yesterday.
15. h= YzÒQ D film K =O\=.

You must have seen this film.
16. g~ YzÒQ
K=O\~.
already
place visit
You must have already visited that

place.
17. Yz ` O Q D q+ O J` x H h"
K=O\=.
You must have told him this matter.
18. = sister x#
"=O@Ok.
exam
YzÒQ Q
My sister must have written the exam.

well yesterday.
19. J`_ YzÒQ P

K=O\_.
job
H OKO
Pay
He must have paid a bribe for that job.
EXERCISE
D "HD
=
xH translate
K O_.
"HEnglish
= English
xH translate
K
1. O_.
h= Yz ` O Q English grammar
<~Hx=O\=.
2. g~ YzÒQ x# function H attend
J~=O\~.
3. J` _ Yz ` O Q "iH money
O=O\_.
4. P" Yz ` O Q "ix invite K
=O@Ok.
5. "~ Yz ` O Q x# match Q ez
=O\~.
6. h= YzÒ Q job H apply K =O\=.
7. g~ Yz ` O Q x~ O f x
=O\~.
8. J`_ YzÒQ "iH D q+O
inform K=O\_.
9. P" YzÒQ interview Q K
=O@Ok.
10. "~ YzÒQ x# festival celebrate
KHx =O\~.
11. h= YzÒQ hard work K =O\=.
12. g~ YzÒQ picnic Q enjoy
K=O\~.
13. "~ YzÒ Q P new house xH shift
J~=O\~.
14. = brother YzÒQ x# tax pay
K=O\_.
15. "~ YzÒ Q J`xx XOz=O\~.
20. < H x ZH W \ H " o ~

=O@Ok.
The Pinakini Express must have left
by now.
Revenge is the poor delight of little minds.
414
: 94406 16425
NEGATIVE FORM
QÒx XH ==#O^ XH~ XH xx YzÒQ Z\ i`#
K=O_~ Jx zOKKO^=.
h= D book Kkq=O_=.
J`_ D news WOH qx=O__.
J
J
J
J
g~ D course K=O_~.
P" exams "=O_^.
"H= QÒx XH == #O^ XH xx YzÒQ Z\ i`#

K=O_~ Jx KC@# zOKK#q.
D q^=Q QÒ x XH ==#O^ =#= XH~ H "~H~ XH xx YzÒ Q,

Z\i`# K =O_~ J# J~=` zOK@
"Must not have+ III form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note : "H=x
Subject Singular, Plural U^## 'must not have'
LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1.
h= YzÒQ W@=O\ book ZC_

Kkq=O_=.
6. h= W@=O\ experience WO`=~

face K=O_=.
You must not have read such a book

sofar.
You must not have faced such an

experience sofar.
g~ WO` =Oz speech WO`=~
2. g~ Yz ` O Q W@=O\ =H x
WO`=~ K=O_~.
You must not have seen such a
person sofar.
3. J`_ x# JH_ "ix He=O__.

4.
5.
415
He must not have met them there

yesterday.
P" last time D test H appear J~
=O_^.
She must not have appeared for this

test lasttime.
"~ x# g\OQH attend J~=O_~.
They must not have attended the
meeting yesterday.
7.
qx=O_~.
You must not have listened to such a

good speech sofar.
8. J`_ D `C K=O__.
He must not have committed this
mistake.
9. P" Z\i` "i` D q+O

K=O_^.
She must not have told them this
matter.
10. "~ D fact èHx=O_~.

They must not have known this fact.
,
: 94406
16425 .
11. h= J@=O\ =Oz programme

WO`=~ enjoy K=O_=.
You must not have enjoyed such a
nice programme sofar.
12. g~ WO`=~ W@=O\ JO^"#

place visit K=O_~.
You must not have visited such a
beautiful place sofar.
13. J`_ Z\i`# "iH OKO

KeOz=O__.
He must not have paid them a bribe.
14. P" "ix Q treat K=O_^.

She must not have treated them well.
15. "~ last time J`xH help K =O_~.

They must not have helped him last
time.
16. h= J` x
=O_=.
problem
J~ O K Hx
You must not have understood his

problem.
17. J`_ x# exam Q " =O__.

He must not have written the exam.
well yesterday.
18. P" P article ÔyeOz=O_^.

She must not have stolen that article.
19. "~ test H iQ prepare J~=O_~ .

They must not have prepared well for
the test.
20. J`_ =# message JO^Hx=O__ .

He must not have received our
message.
EXERCISE
D "HD
=
xH translate
K O_.
"HEnglish
= English
xH translate
K O_.
1. g~ WO`=~ WO\ party celebrate
K=O_~.
2. g~ WO`=~ W@=O\ JO^"#
^$O K=O_~.
3. J`_ WOH JH_ K~Hx =O__.
4. P" YzÒ Q "ix invite K=
O_^ .
5. "~ YzÒQ D course K=O_~.
6. h= Yz ` O Q D item taste
K=O_=.
7. J`_ YzÒQ WOH salary draw
K=O__.
8. P" x# # picnic H O=O_^.
9. "~ last time D place visit K=
O_~ .
10. "~ Yz ` O Q x# J` x =@
'#q=O_~.
11. J` _ x# "iH Yz ` O Q help
K=O__.
12. h= Yz ` O Q J` x advice follow
J~=O_=.
13. P" YzÒ Q x# JH_ "o=O_^ .
14. "~ YzÒ Q x# bill pay K=
O_~ .
15. h= YzÒQ WO`=~ W@=O\ XH
}O K=O_=.
Z
When thought is joined to will, it becomes power.
416
: 94406 16425
QUESTION FORM
QÒx XH ==#O^ XH~ XH xx YzÒQ K=O^~x x=
Q (`H [iy=O_@#) QiOz tOK KO^=.
J
J
J
J
J`_ x# YzÒQ salary draw K =O\_?

P" last week YzÒQ Nellore "o=O@O^?
"~ x# YzÒQ D news `Hx =O\~?
g brother YzÒQ x# JH_ "ix consult J~ =O\_?
D q^=Q QÒ x XH == #O^ XH~ XH xx YzÒ Q K= O\~ J#

J~=` definite Q KO_@# QiOz tOK@
"Must have + III form of the Verb" LyOK=#.
*
Note :
"H=x
Subject Singular, Plural U^## 'Must have'
LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1. P" x# YzÒQ P
J~=O@O^?
2.
3.
party
attend
Must she have attended the party

yesterday?
"~ last month YzOÒQ meeting
conduct K=O\~?
Must thdy have conducted the meeting
last month?
J` _ x# Yz ` O Q camp " o
=O\_?
Must he have gone on camp

yesterday?
6. J` _ x# Yz ` O Q
=O\_?
7.
417
Must he have paid the bill yesterday?

J`_ last year YzÒQ P course
K=O\_?
8. P" YzÒQ D q+O `Hx

=O@O^?
9.
Must she have known this news?

"~ YzÒQ x# JH_ meeting
10.
Must they have made the

arrangements for the meeting
yesterday?
J`_ YzÒ Q `#

Ò success
Must she have told them this news?
Must they have drawn the amount from

the bank yesterday?
Must he have done that course last

year?
4. P" Yz ` O Q D q+ O "iH
K=O@O^?
5. "~ YzÒQ x# bank #O_ amount
draw K=O\~?
bill pay
U~@ K=O\~?
J~=O\_?
Must he have succeeded in his

attempt?
,
: 94406
16425 .
11. P" YzÒQ "i

=O@O^?
proposal
XCHx
Must she have accepted to their

proposal?
12. "~ YzÒQ x#

x =O\~?
programme
Must they have participated in the

programme yesterday?
13. J`_ x# YzÒ Q "ix convince K

=O\_?
Must he have convinced them
yesterday?
14. P" Yz ` O Q
=O@O^?
notes prepare
Must she have prepared the notes?
15. "~ YzÒ Q last month loan clear K

=O\~?
Must they have cleared the loan last
month?
16. J`_ YzÒQ D x[O `Hx

=O\_?
Must he have known this fact?
17. P" Yz ` O Q
=O@O^?
Must she have

examination?
18. "~ Yz ` O Q
=O\~?
J~
exam pass
passed
the
books order
Must they have ordered the books?
19. J` _ Yz ` O Q
=O\_?
promotion
Ok
Must he have got a promotion?
20. P" Yz ` O Q certiicates

KHx =O@O^?
Must she have
certificates?
receive
received
the
EXERCISE
D "HD
=
xH translate
K O_.
"HEnglish
= English
xH translate
K O_.
1. J`_ YzÒQ =# file verify K
=O\_?
2. P" Yz ` O Q duty join
J~=O@O^?
3. "~ YzÒQ x# work finish K
=O\~?
4. J`_ YzÒQ x#
5. P" YzÒQ x# principal # consult
J~=O@O^?
6. "~ YzÒQ x# meeting x~O
fHx=O\~?
7. J`_ YzÒQ ~u JH_ |
î=O\_?
8. P" Yz ` O Q "i O Hi
=O@O^?
9. "~ Yz ` O Q orders JO^ Hx
=O\~?
10. J`_ YzÒQ "iH D q+O explain K=O\_?
11. P" Yz ` O Q x# "iO\ H " o
=O@O^?
12. "~ Yz ` O Q tickets book K
=O\~?
13. J`_ YzÒQ x# Delhi train
JO^Hx=O\_?
14. P" Yz ` O Q D letter K k q
=O@O^?
15. "~ YzÒQ x# J`xH money pay
K=O\~?
Behind an ableman there are always other ablemen.
418
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REVISION
=#= D ~A Uq <~<= ?
D ~A =#= =# Spoken English Course 'Must have + III form of the Verb' J#
structure QiOz <~ <=. nx =#= 1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question
1.
POSITIVE FORM :
QÒx XH ==#O^ X~ XH xx YzÒQ 'K =O\~x KC@#

zOK@ " Must have + III form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. You must have known this matter.

2. He must have done the interview well.
3. She must have got good marks.
4. They must have cleared the loan.
2.
NEGATIVE FORM :
QÒx XH ==#O^ X~ XH xx YzÒQ 'K =O_~ Jx KC@#

zOK@ " Must not + have + III form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. You must not have faced such a problem sofar.

2. He must not have received our message.
3. She must not have invited them.
4. They must not have seen such a man sofar.
3.
QUESTION FORM :
QÒ x XH ==#O^ X~ XH xx YzÒ Q 'K =O\~? J# J~=

`
tOK@# zOK@ " Must have + III form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. Must he have gone there last night?

2. Must she have received the telegram?
3. Must they have started there yesterday?
4. Must he have told them this news?
419
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I Form
II Form
III Form
861.
Bid
bad
bidden
862.
Bleed
bled
bled
863.
Burst
burst
burst
864.
Dwell
dwelt
dwelt
865.
Flee
fled
fled
866.
Forbid
forbade
forbidden
867.
Lay
laid
laid
868.
Lean
leant
leant
869.
Lie
lay
lain
870.
Sew
sewed
sewn
871.
Shed
shed
shed
872.
Shrink
shrank
shrunk
873.
Slay
slew
slain
874.
Smite
smote
smitten
875.
Spring
sprang
sprung
876.
Stride
strode
stridden
877.
Tread
trod
trodden
878.
Undertake
undertook
undertaken
879.
Wring
wrung
wrung
880.
Withhold
withheld
withheld
Meaning
"O@_@
~H=H~@
Q@, z@@
H~=O_@
i=@
x+kOK@
@@
P#H#@
_=O_@
@@
~@
=_`_@
KO@
^@
HK@
JOQ"@
`@
#H#@
#@, O_@
xe"@

Z
420
Merit is wealthier than fame.
: 94406 16425
REPORTED SPEECH
XH q+=# QiOz KQx, qxQh, èHxQx q=~} WK@#
Report JO^~. D q^=Q XH q+ = QiOz q=~} WK "ix Reporters
JO\~. WH Grammar XH~ K# q+=# =~ J~= =~O_ XH~
"~HiH KC@# 'Reported Speech JO\~. J#Q XH~ Direct Q K# =@#
"~ "~HiH è~K_O.
`~ D.S.C. <\H +< q_^ K=x =Y=Ou qY~ K <~.
=Y=Ou Direct Q qY~ K# =@ =~ =# qY~ ^~Qx, H
"~Hi ^~ Qx è~K@O Reported Speech.
IMPORTANT POINTS :
1.
Report speech
"H= ~ O_ Q (~O_ clauses) LO\~. "^\

Q= Main clause JO\=.
1.
The chiefminister told the newsmen ...................
2.
She told me ....................
3.
They informed us ...............
4.
My father asked me ...............
D clause x Verbs # Reporting Verbs' JO\~. D Verbs ^^Q Z=

Q Past Tense < LO\~.
Present, Future Tense
EX :
_ LO_=K.
He tells me....
She says ....
They will say ....
Reported Speech
x ~ O_= Q=# Sub-ordinate Clauce JO\~.
D Main Clause =i Sub-ordinate Clause # HK 'that' 'if' 'whether'

"IIQ conjunctions =~.
x Reporting verb Past - Tense =O> Sub-ordinate Clause
x Verb _ "H=# |\ Past Tense < LO_=#.
Main clause
421
Reported Speech Structure

1.
: 94406
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16425 .
D qÔQ =O@Ok.
Main clause
Subject + Reporting Verb + Object
2.
Conjunction
"H=# |\ 'that' Qx 'If' 'whether' Qh

3.
Sub-ordinate Clause
Subject + Verb +
qye# "H=
1.
He told me / that / he was busy.
2.
She imformed us / that / she had passed the test.
3.
She asked me / if / I could secure a rank.
D notes Reported Speech

q=~OQ notes W=|_#k.
422
Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form
: 94406 16425
POSITIVE FORM
XHHi =#= q+` x XH ==#O^ XH~ K = xx QiOz
=O^Q K#@Q zOKKO^=. P xx q+` K^=. Hx
=O^Q "~HiH P xx K@# QiOz zOKKO^=. nx< Reported
Speech JO^~.
J Next Sunday Ongole =#x = brother < inform K_.
J Next month P W Mm K=x "~ = K~.
J Next week computer course join J=`#x P" < K#k.
J `~ <~ family shift K=x "~ = K~.
"H= q+` K = # QiOz =O^Q XH~ "~HiH KC @#

zOKK#q.
D q^=Q q+` x XH ==#O^ K = XH xx QiOz XH~ WOHHiH

=O^Q< K@# zOK@
"Would/Could/might+ I form of the Verb" LyOK =#.
* Note : "H=x K= Px definite action J~#K 'Would' =K#.
K= P x ability J~#K 'Could' =K#. K= P x doubtful J~#K
'Might' =K#. D "HO ~
O_ Q= LO_#. ~ O_= clause that J#
conjunction =K#.
EXAMPLES
1. ~ class new lesson teach K#x
= WOw+ H~ ~ K~ .
Our English lecturer said that he
would teach the new lesson in the
class tomorrow.
2. D q+O `H O K
Q#x = friend < =@ WK_.
My friend promised me that he could
help me in that matter.
3. D i x=i\ sH "~^
"=K#x = Principal x# =
K<~.
Our Principal told us yesterday that the
university might postpone the
examinations this time.
4. ~+O h\ =# `~ i+
iOKQ=x =Y=Ou x# JOc
H\Oz<~.
423
The Chief-Minister announced in the

assembly yesterday that they could
solve the water problem in the state
soon.
5. `~ XOQ =~î z\O_

branch open K=x P O G.M.
K~ .
The G.M. said that they would open
the branch of Margadarsi Chit fund in
Ongole soon.
6. D i
match `H Q=Q=x
cricket team captain Dravid x#
qY~` K~ .
The Cricket team captian Dravid told

the newsmen yesterday that they
could win the match this time.
,
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7.
grand
students
celebrate
K=x
Degree
K~ .
Degree students said that they would

celebrate the Farewell party very grand
next Sunday.
8. ~O_ < loan clear KQ=x

"~ x# Bank Manager H K~ .
They told the Bank Manager that they
could clear their loan within two
months.
9. ~ Manager camp "=K#x clerk

< K_ .
The clerk told me that the manager
might go on camp tomorrow.
10. Di EAMCET rank O^Q#x

= cousin < KOk.
My cousin told me that she could get
rank in the EAMCET this time.
11.
EXERCISE
Next Sunday college Farewell party
Next week JH_
=u HeOKQ=x
"~ = inform K<~.
They informed us that they could
provide us accommodation there next
week.
12. ~ O_ ~A university e `
H\OK=K#x = principal K~ .
D "HD
=
xH translate
K O_.
"HEnglish
= English
xH translate
K O_.
1. Next month computer course
J=`#x P" < K#k .
join
2. `~ scooter HO\#x J`_ <

K_ .
3. Di summer holidays Chennai
Q_ `=x "~ K~ .
4. `QÔ s =~ `H JkH~O
H ~Q^x N KO^

| K~ .
5. `~ P case <~#
KQ=x S.P. K~ .
6.
arrest
Indian cricket team =K February

England ~\

O ^x team manager
K~ .
7. Di aH sH strict Q x~
=x Principal K~ .
8. D ~A, ~ H l =~O
_=
K#
x ~ _
H \
O z#k.
9. ` ~ =~ team #O
O^Q #x JQ~~ K_ .
10.
1 lakh loan sanction K#x SBI

manager < promise K~.
Our principal said that the university

might announce the results within two
days.
Z
Manners are of more important than laws.
424
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NEGATIVE FORM
XHHi =#= q+` #x XH ==#O^ XH~ K x XH xx
QiOz =O^Q K#@Q zOK KO^=.
P xx q+` K ~. Hx =O^Q "~HiH P xx K H =@# QiOz
zOKKO^~.
J ~ function H attend J=#x = brother < K_.
J Next week native place H " #x J`_ = K_.
J WH J`xH help K =x "~ = K~.
J P company work K#x = cousin < K~.
"H= q+` K x XH xx QiOz XH~ WOHHiH KC @# zOK

K#q.
D qÔQ q+`x XH ==#O^ Kx XH xx QiOz XH~ WOHHiH

=O^Q< KC@# zOK@
"Would/Could/Might + not + I form of the Verb" LyOK =#.
*
Note : Kx P x definite action J~#K 'Would not =K#. Kx P

x ability J~#K 'could not' =K#. Kx P x doubtful J~#K
'Might not' =K#. D "HO ~
O_ Q= LO_#. "^\ ^x Verb
Past Tense LO_#. ~O_= clause that J# conjunction =K#.
EXAMPLES
1. ~ college H ~#x =
K<_.
friend
<
My friend told me that he would not

come to college tomorrow.
5. `= =^` O_ BJP `x
U~@ K ^ x [ e`
qY~` K<~.
Ms. Jayalalitha told the newsmen that
the BJP could not form the
government without her support.
2. JO` amount XHi KeO K#

x J`_
"iH K<_.
He told them that he could not pay
that much amount at a time.
3. D ~A manager office H ~H
=K#x clerk K<_.
The clerk said that the manager might
not come to office today
4.
H =^` W== Jx HOQ

< K<~.
BJP
The Congress leaders said that they

would not support the BJP.
425
6. `# D i ZxH \ KH
=K # x N " O H < _
K<~.
Sri Venkaiah Naidu said that he might
not contest in the elections this time.
7.
Next year college
K#k.
K~#x P" <
She told me that she would not join

college next year.
,
: 94406
16425 .
8. D i work delay K= Jx "~

= K<~.
They told us that they would not delay
the work this time.
9.
Next Sunday seminar
P" < K#k.
## Jx
She told me that she would not

participate in the seminar next Sunday.
10. "i help O_ D problem

K#x J`_ K<_.
D "HD
=
xH translate
K O_.
"HEnglish
= English
xH translate
K O_.
1. ~
f H#x x#
Lecturer = K<~.
attend
They siad that she might not attend the

function tomorrow.
12. D town settle H= Jx "~ =

K<~.
They told us that they would not settle
down in that town.
class
English
2.
next week duty
3.
Next month loan installment pay
solve
He said that he could not solve that

problem without their help.
11. P" ~ function H

HH=K#x "~ K<~.
EXERCISE
H attend J=#x <#

x# manager H K<#.
K#x J`_ manager H K<_.
4.
` # ticket
W=H =K # x J` _ J#=#O
=H~z<_.
Party
next
time
5. J`x q+O WH *HO KH=x

"~ K<~.
6. ~ s H P" "ix invite
KH=K#x "~ K<~.
ordinary bus }= K=x
7. <# D problem face K#x "iH

K<#.
We said that we could not travel in

the ordinary bus.
8. D mistake =~K#x J`_ "iH

K<_.
14. D q+O help K#x =

friend < K<_.
9. JO` amount invest K= Jx

"~ = K<~.
My friend told me that he could not

help me in that matter.
10. D train ~ LÔ Delhi K~H

=K#x "~ K<~.
13.
"= K=.
15. ~\ match Sachin P_H=K#x

coach Chappel K~ .
Coach Chappel said that Sachin
might not play in the match tomorrow.
A frog in a well should not speak of the sea.
426
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QUESTION FORM
XHHi =#= q+` x XH ==#O^ XH~ K = XH xx
QiOz =O^Q tOz#@Q zOKKO^=.
P xx q+` K
^~. Hx =O^Q "~Hix P xx K
@# QiOz
tOKKO^=.
J Next Sunday Ongole =" Jx <# = brother x J_Q#.
J Next month W Mm K~ Jx "~ ==# J_Q~.
J Next week computer course join J=`" Jx P" ## J_y#k.
"H= q+` K = XH xx QiOz XH~ WOHHix

t
OK@#
zOKK#q.
D qÔQ q+` x XH ==#O^ K = XH xx QiOz XH~ WOHHix

=O^Q< tOK@# zOK@
"Would / Could / Might + I form of the Verb" LyOK =#.
Note : "H=x K= P x definite action J~#K 'Would =K#.
K= P x ability J~#K 'could' =K#. K= P x doubtful J~#K
'Might =K#. D "HO ~
O_ Q= LO_#. "^\ ^x Verb Past Tense
LO_#. ~O_= clause 'if' J# conjunction =K#.
EXAMPLES
1. ~ programme g~ O\~
Jx J`_ ==# J_y<_.
5. g~ D =# i+iOKQ~ Jx
"~ ==# J_y<~.
He asked us if we would participate

in the programme tomorrow.
They asked us if we could solve this

problem.
2. D q+ O _Q " Jx <#
=
`x J_y<#.
6. g~ next month scooter HO\~ Jx

J`_ ## J_y<_.
I asked my friend if he could help me

in this matter.
He asked me if I would buy a scooter

next month.
3. ~ <# = fH#=K Jx <#

= manager # J_y<#.
7. <# P course K~=K< Jx <#

P## J_y<#.
I asked the manager if I might take

leave tomorrow.
I asked him If I might join that course.
D i rank O^ Q " Jx < #

P"# J_y<#.
I asked her if she could get the rank
this time.
427
8. g~ next year Nellore branch open

K~ Jx "= "ix J_y<=.
We asked them if they would open
the branch in Nellore next year.
,
: 94406
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9. =K summer holidays g~ ZH_

Q_ `~x P" ==e J_y#k.
10.
She asked us where we would spend

the next summer holidays.
Next U course join J=`=x < #
11.
I asked him which course he would

join next.
D problem Z solve KQ~x
12.
We asked them how they could solve

that problem.
~ marriage bride H Uq present
13.
J`xx J_Q#.
"= "ix J_y<=.
K=x J`_ ## J_y<_.
He asked me what I would present

to the bride in the marriage tomorrow.
~ interview H ZO`=Ok candidates
attend J=`~ x < # clerk x
J_y<#.
14.
I asked the clerk howmany candidates

would attend the interview tomorrow.
business ZO` amount invest
15.
We asked them how much amount

they could invest in the business.
future ZH_ settle J=`~x "=
16.
17.
K Q~x "= "ix J_y<=.
"ix J_y<=.
We asked them where they would

settle down in future.
~ match ZO` = Ok bowlers
P_`~x qY~ captain # J_Q~.
The newsmen asked the captain
howmany bowlers would play in the
match tomorrow.
~O_ ~A D lessons Z prepare
J=Q ~ Jx lecturer ==#
J_y<~.
The lecturer asked us how we could

prepare all these lessons within two
days.
EXERCISE
D "HD
=
xH translate
K O_.
"HEnglish
= English
xH translate
K O_.
1. Next June M.A. Join J=`" Jx
= brother ## J_Q~.
2. ~ time H JH_H K~ HQ~ Jx <#
"ix J_Q#.
3. =K"~O =` tour H ~=K J x "~
==# J_Q~.
4. =K " g~ business start K~
Jx "~ ==# J_Q~.
5. JH_ XO@iQ LO_Q" Jx =
parents ## J_Q~.
6. g~ =K O=`~O Nellore H shift
J=`~ Jx "~ ==# J_Q~.
7. D xx D "~O =yOKQ~ Jx
<# "ix J_Q#.
8. ~ farewell party celebrate K~ Jx
<# = friends x J_Q#.
9. computer course ZC_ i K=x
"~ ## J_Q~.
10. New house H ZC_ shift J=`~x
<# "ix J_Q#.
11. Di ZxH ZH_ #O_ \
K~x qY~ KO^
|x J_Q~.
12. =K < programme ZH_ x~~x
<# "ix J_Q#.

13. ~AH Zx QO@ x K Q=x "~
## J_Q~.
14. Fresh batch ZC_ commence K~x
"= x# Director # J_Q=.
15. Madras #Oz ZC_ uiy ==x
<# = brother x J_Q#.
Doing nothing is better than being busy doing nothing.
428
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REVISION
=#= D ~A Uq <~<= ?
D~A =#= =# Spoken English Course 'Reported Speech' J# topic
Future Action QiOz <~ <=. nx =#= 1. Positive Form 2. Negative
Form 3. Question Form J# 3 parts <~<=. D 3 parts XHi revise
KO^=.
1.
POSITIVE FORM :
q+`x XH ==#O^ K= XH xx QiOz QÒ<

K
O_#@Q zOK@ " would /could /might + I form of the Verb "
LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. She told me that she would study in the university next year.
2. He told us that he could achieve his target.
3. They said that they might win the game.
2.
NEGATIVE FORM :
q+` x XH ==#O^ XH~ K x XH xx QiOz QÒ <

KO_`# QiOz zOK@ 'that' - clause 'would not / could not
/ might not + I form of the Verb " LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. He told me that he would not join the course.
2. She told us that she could not pass the test.
3. They said that they might not receive the orders.
3.
QUESTION FORM :
q+` x XH ==#O^ K = XH xx QiOz =O^Q<

t
Oz
O_@# QiOz zOK@ " would/could + I form of the verb "
LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. He asked me if I would continue my studies.
2. She asked us if we could secure good marks.
3. They asked if they might stay there.
429
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I Form
II Form
III Form
881.
Precede
preceded
preceded
882.
Prefix
prefixed
prefixed
883.
Prosper
prospered
prospered
884.
Pucker
puckered
puckered
885.
Punish
punished
punished
886.
Pursue
pursued
pursued
887.
Puzzle
puzzled
puzzled
888.
Quaff
quaffed
quaffed
889.
Quell
quelled
quelled
890.
Quicken
quickened
quickened
891.
Ransack
ransacked
ransacked
892.
Rebuke
rebuked
rebuked
893.
Reciprocate
reciprocated
reciprocated
894.
Recollect
recollected
recollected
895.
Refine
refined
refined
896.
Reflect
reflected
reflected
897.
Refrain
refrained
refrained
898.
Refresh
refreshed
refreshed
899.
Refund
refunded
refunded
900.
Regain
regained
regained
Meaning
=O^=@
=O^K~@
Ja=$kKO ^@
K@@
tHOK@
"O|_OK
H=~@@
JkH=Q ` Q@
J}K@
"Q=Q H^@
=#"^HKK@
u@@
WzKH#@
*H= `KH#@
kK@
ueOK@
OyO_@
L`~K
@
uiyWK@
=~O^@

Z
430
: 94406 16425
POSITIVE FORM
XH xx QiOz
"~HiH K#@Q zOK KO^=. P xx QÒ i K O^=. P
xx KO_@# QiOz W`~ KO^=.
J
J
J
J
J`_ x# < HO wait K#x K_.

P" last week bank test H appear J~<#x < KOk.
= cousin last year M.B.A. seat H apply K#x < K_.
"~ tickets book K H<=x =` K~.
"H= QÒ K# XH xx QiOz XH~ WOHHiH KC@# zOK

K#q.
D q^=Q QÒ x XH ==#O^ `= i K# XH xx QiOz XH~ WOHHiH

KC@# zOK@
"Had + III form of the Verb" LyOK =#.
*
D "HO ~ O_ Q= LO_#.
"^\ ^x Verb Past Tense LO_#.
~O_= clause that J# conjucntion =K#.
Note :
EXAMPLES
1. x# sH A KeOK#x =
< K<_.
friend
My friend told me that he had paid

the examination fees yesterday.
2. ~# < Nellore XH interview H

[~ J~<#x = cousin <
K<_.
My cousin told me that he had
appeared for an interview in Nellore
last month.
3. x# function ~ . 10000
Y~K<=x "~ è<~.
They said that they had spent
Rs. 10000 for the function yesterday.
4. Q` "q Delhi visit K<=x "~

è<~.
They said that they had visited Delhi
last summer.
431
5. Q` O=`~O "~O ^ #+O

Z^~x<=x "~ < K~ .
They told me that they had faced a
heavy loss in the business last year.
6. ~+ = ^x` KiOK#x
=Y=Ou x# JOc H\OK~.
The Chief-Minister announced in the
assembly yesterday that he had
discussed the state problems with the
Prime Minister.
7. Q` O`~O `= college #Oz 400

=Ok q^~ s H [~
J~<~x Principal K~ .
The Principal said that 400 students
had appeared for the examination from
their college last year.
,
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16425 .
8.
XH private college junior

lecturer Q work K#x J`_ <
K_ .
Last year
He told me that he had worked in a

private junior college as junior lecturer
last year.
9. x# bank #O_ ~. 10000 draw

K #x = brother < inform
K<_.
My brother informed me that he had
withdrawn Rs. 10,000 from the bank
yesterday.
10.
P house vacate K=x

"~ < K~ .
Last month
They told me that they had vacated

that house last month.
11. x# exam. Q "<#x =

< K#k.
sister
My sister told me that she had written

the exam. well yesterday.
12. <q =Ô HO l 120

=Ok Kx~<~x HH ~ K~ .
The Collector said that 120 persons
had dead in the Tsunami calamity in
Prakasam District.
EXERCISE
D "HD
=
xH translate
K O_.
"HEnglish
= English
xH translate
K O_.
1. x# doctor # consult J~<#x P"
K#k.
2. Last Sunday Hyderabad XH seminar
#@ = cousin < K_ .
3. `# <~O K#
@Q <~
_
x# court
JOwHiOK_.
4. Q` O`~O `= college q^~ state
rank kOz<~x Vignan College
Director N~`
K~ .
5. Q` O=`~O ~ ` `= =~
2 crores loans sanction K<
=x SBI
Bank manager x# XH H @ #
è~.
6. x#\ match Irfan Pathan K Q
bowl K _ x
coach K
"K<~.
7. ~ O_ O=`~ H ` O `= P house
Hx#@Q "~ < K~ .
8. x# test Jx questions answer
K<#x = brother K_ .
9. QÒ `=

Ò
^
[ K
=KO ^x N KO^
| x# XH
K~ .
10. Q` O=`~O ~RO tourism
development ~. 75 crores Y~
K#@ tourism M=Ou N=u
w`~_ K~ .
Z
He who knows of his own child is a wise father.
432
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NEGATIVE FORM
XHHi =#= QÒ x XH ==#O^ i K x XH xx Qiz
"~HiH K#@Q zOK KO^=. Pxx QÒ KO_=. Pxx
KO_H=@# QiOz W`~ KO^=.
J
J
J
J
J`_ x# < HO wait K^x K<_.

P" last week bank test H appear H^x < K#k.
= cusion last year M.B.A. seat H donation pay K ^x < K_.
"~ x# tickets book K ^x =` K~.
"H= QÒ Kx ## QiOz XH~ WOHHiH KC@# zOK

K#q.
D qÔQ QÒ x XH ==#O^ `= K x XH xx QiOz XH~ WOHHiH

KC@# zOK@
"Had not + III form of the Verb" LyOK =#.
Note :
D "HO ~ O_ Q= LO_#.
"^\^x Verb Past Tense LO_#. ~O_= clause that J# Conjunction
EXAMPLES
1. J`_ x# English class [~
H^x < K<_.
5. Q` < WO\ J^ KeOK^x "~

K<~.
2. Q` O`~O sH [~ H^x
P" K#k.
6. J`_ U `C K^x =}=

K<_.
3.
7. x# g\OQ rÒ q+O KiOK

^x x< < K<~.
He told me that he had not attended

the English class yesterday.
4.
She told me that she had not

appeared for the examinations last
year.
x# function H P" "ix PxOK
^x "~ K<~.
He swore that he had not committed

any mistake.
The union leaders said that they had

not discussed the salary matter in the
meeting yesterday.
They said that she had not invited

them to the function yesterday.
Q` O=`~O lecturers syllabus i
K^x q^~ Principal H report
8. N KO^| ~` Ug K^x
HOQ < q=iOz<~.
The students reported the Principal

that the lecturers had not completed
the syllabus last year.
The Congress leaders criticised that

Sri Chandrababu had not done any
thing for the welfare of the farmers.
K<~.
433
They said that they had not paid

house rent last month.
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9.
Last week native place
H " ^x
J`_ K<_.
He said that he had not gone to his
native palce last week.
10.
Last year annual day celebrate

K^x students K<~.
The students said that they had not
celebrated the annual day last year.
11. x# exam Q "^x P" <

K#k.
She told me that she had not written
the exam well yesterday.
12. x# party P" iQ treat K ^x
"~ P"# xOkOz<~.

They blamed her that she had not
treated them well in the party
yesterday.
13.
14.
EXERCISE
D "HD
=
xH translate
K O_.
"HEnglish
= English
xH translate
K O_.
1. x# duty H attend H^x J`_ <
K<_.
2.
Last week doctor x consult H^x

P"
K#k.
3. x# "~ JH_ work i K^x
J`_ K<_.
4.
Last year hostel stay K ^x

P"
K#k.
5.
Last month salary draw
K^x
J`_ < K<_.

6. x# manager ` # leave grant
K ^ x = friend < inform
K<_.
prepare
7. x# interview iQ K^x J`_

< K<_.
She said that she had not prepared

well for the exams last time.
8. HOQ < N .q. x iQ

Q~ q OK ^ x N K O ^ |
q=iOK~.
`= water problem
K^x "~ K<~.
9. `# Z=i=^ OKO fH^x P

L^y ACB JkH~ K_ .
H i Q
J=^x P" K#k.
Last time exam
Last time
face
They said that they had not faced the

water problem last time.
10.
Computer course WOH i K ^x
P" < K#k.
15. `= WO`=~ q"H#O^ =O\ Q

=Hx K_^x Americans K<~.
The Americans said that they had not
seen such a great person like
Vivekananda sofar.
Impossible is the word only found in the dictionary of fools.
434
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QUESTION FORM
XH xx QiOz
"~Hix tOz#@Q zOKKO^=.
D x QÒ i KO^=. D xx KO_@# QiOz W`~#
tOKKO^=.
J x# <HO wait K~ Jx J`_ ==# J_Q_.
J last week bank test H appear J~<" Jx <# P"# J_Q#.
J Last year M.B.A. seat H donation pay K" Jx <# = cousin x J_Q#.
J "~ x# x# He~ Jx <# J`xx J_Q#.
"H= QÒ K# ## QiOz XH~ WOHHix tOK@#

zOKK#q.
D qÔQ QÒx XH ==#O^ i K# XH xx QiOz XH~ WOHHix

tOK@# zOK@
"Had+ III form of the Verb" LyOK =#.
*
Note : D
"HO ~ O_ Q= LO_#.
"^\ ^x Verb Past Tense LO_#. ~O_= clause 'if' J# conjunc
tion =K#.
EXAMPLES
1. h= last time B.S.R.B. test apply
K<
" Jx <# J`xx J_y<#.
5. _H~# consult J~<" Jx <#

J`xx J_y<#.
I asked him if he had applied for the

B.S.R.B. test last time.
I asked him if he had consulted the

doctor.
2. WO` =O^ U^< company

xK<
" Jx "~ ## J_y<~.
6. sH Q prepare J~<" Jx
x# = English lecturer ## J_y<~.
They asked me if I had worked in any

company previously.
My English Lecturer asked me

yesterday if I had prepared well for the
examinations.
3. x# sH A KeOz<" J#x J`_

## J_y<_.
He asked me if I had paid the
examination fee yesterday.
4.
Last summer g =
Madras Q _ < ~ Jx
==# J_y<~.
g~
"~
They asked us if we had spent our

holidays in Madras last summer.
435
7. HO@~ H~ i K<
" Jx =
uncle ## J_y<~.
My uncle asked me if I had completed
the computer course.
8. x# Z_H " o < ~ x < # "ix

J_y<#.
I asked them where they had gone
yesterday.
,
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9. P job ZO^ =ê "<

=x = uncle
## J_Q~.
My uncle asked me why I had left
that job.
10. P watch ZH_ H<=x P" ##

J_y#k.
She asked me where I had bought
that watch.
11. h= JH_ Z=ix O

k
Oz<=x <#
J`xx J_y<#.
I asked him whom he had consulted
there.
12. x# interview Z K < =x < #

P"# J_y<#.
I asked her how she had done the
interview yesterday.
13. D W ZC_ H<~x

"~ ==#
J_y<~.
They asked us when we had bought
this house.
14. x# test ZO`=Ok J~ [~

J~<~x "= J`xx J_y<=.
We asked him howmany candidates
had attended the test yesterday.
15. x# function H ZO` Y~ K<~x

J`_ ==# J_y<_.
He asked us howmuch amount we
had spent for the function yesterday.
16.
Q P W ZO^ Mm
K<
~x <# "ix J_y<#.
sudden
I asked them why they had vacated

that house suddenly.
EXERCISE
D "HD
=
xH translate
K O_.
"HEnglish
= English
xH translate
K O_.
1. x# orders JO^<" Jx <# =
friend x J_Q#.
2. Last week function H JOîx invite
K" Jx "= J"# J_Q=.
3. x# T.V. match K" Jx J`_
## J_Q_.
4. Last year M.B.A. seat H donation pay
K" Jx = uncle ## J_Q~.
5. x# Hindu paper advertisement
K" Jx <# = friend x J_Q#.
6. Last Sunday exam Q "" Jx
<# = brother x J_Q#.
7. x# meeting g~ salary q+O
discuss K ~ Jx " = "ix
J_Q=.
8. degree ZC_ i K=x "~ ##
J_Q~.
9. x#\ match Z=~ QeK~x <#
J`xx J_Q#.
10. x# Delhi P.M. ` Uq KiOK~x
qH~ =Y=Oux J_Q~.
11. sudden Q P programme ZO^ ~^
K~x "= "ix J_Q=.
12. x# P s H ZO` = Ok [~
J~<~x "= "ix J_Q=.
13. Last time F@ Z=iH "~x <# P
Q = # J_Q#.
14. x# J`xH ZO` pay K~x "~
==# J_Q~.
15. x# exam Zx questions answer
K=x = brother ## J_Q~.
Throw a lucky man into the sea and he will come up with a fish in his mouth. 436
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REVISION
=#= D ~A Uq <~<= ?
D~A =#= =# Spoken English Course 'Reported Speech' J# topic
Past Action QiOz <~<=. nx =#= 1. Positive Form 2. Negative
Form 3. Question Form J# 3 parts <~<=. D 3 parts XHi revise
KO^=.
1.
POSITIVE FORM :
QÒx XH ==#O^ XH~ i K# XH xx QiOz QÒ< K

O_#@Q zOK@ that - clause " had + III form of the Verb "
LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. He told me that he had done well in the interview.
2. He told me that he had written the test well.
3. They said that they had paid the bill.
2.
NEGATIVE FORM :
QÒx XH ==#O^ XH~ Kx XH xx QiOz QÒ< K

O_#@Q zOK@ that - clause " had not + III form of the Verb "
LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. I told him that I had not attended the party.
2. We told them that we had not finished the work.
3. They said that they had not received the message.
3.
QUESTION FORM :
QÒx XH ==#O^ XH~ i K# XH xx QiOz QÒ<

t O z O_ @# zOK @ " had + III form of the Verb "
LyOK=#.
Ex :
1. I asked him if he had completed the course.
2. We asked them if they had paid the bill.
3. They asked us if we had known the news.
437
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I Form
II Form
III Form
901.
Abduct
abducted
abducted
902.
Abstain
abstained
abstained
903.
Analyse
analysed
analysed
904.
Arouse
aroused
aroused
905.
Authorize
authorized
authorized
906.
Avert
averted
averted
907.
Batter
battered
battered
908.
Beckon
beckoned
beckoned
909.
Beg
begged
begged
910.
Bestow
bestowed
bestowed
911.
Betroth
betrothed
betrothed
912.
Bloat
bloated
bloated
913.
Bustle
bustled
bustled
914.
Cachinate
cachinated
cachinated
915.
Carouse
caroused
caroused
916.
Clamber
clambered
clambered
917.
Clutter
cluttered
cluttered
918.
Condole
condoled
condoled
919.
Cringe
cringed
cringed
920.
Daub
daubed
daubed
Meaning
|`~=Q
fHx=@
=#H#@
qlOK@
~OK@
JkH~"
Q @
x"iOK@
f==Q H@@
QK@
zOK@
WK@
q"= x~OK@
L|@, "@
Q_a_K@
J@=Q #=@
qO^ =^=
KH#@
H+=Q H Z@
zO^~=O^~ K@
qK~= `@
=` =OyO_
@, J@

Z
438
When all else is lost, the future still remains.
: 94406 16425
IMPERATIVE - POSITIVE FORM

XHHi =#= XHix XH x K=x
P*OKKO^= H WKKO^=.
J
J
J
J
request
KH#KO^=,
< ~ leave grant K=x <# manager x request K<#.

Room clean K=x P" x=x+x P*OzOk.
=Oz "i` O K=x = father < WK~.
Sincere Q work K=x Collector teachers x H~~.
"H= XH~ XHix request, order, advise K ## zOKK#q.
D qÔQ XH xx K =x XH~ "~Hix request KH#@Q, order K#@Q H

Wz#@Q, zOK@
"To-infinitive" LyOK =#.
Note :
"H= J~=
# |\ main verb 'requested' Qx, 'ordered' Qx, 'advised' Qx =K#.
To `~"` Verb I form =z# Jk To-infinitive JQ#.
EXAMPLES
1. < D q+ O O K =x
<# = friend x request K Hx<#.
5. sH Q hard work K=x =

lecturers = WK~.
I requested my friend to help me in

this matter.
English literature K^==x <# =
brother H Wz<#.
I advised my brother to study English
literature.
Urgent files Jh "~O ~A clear
K =x = manager staff #
Our lecturers advised us to work hard

for the examinations.
2.
3.
P*Oz<~.
4.
The manager ordered the staff to

clear all the urgent files within a week.
< XH "~O ~A leave grant
K=x <# Manager x request
K<#.
I requested the Manager to grant me

leave for one week.
439
6. "O@< P W Mm K=x P house

owner "ix P*OK_.
The house owner ordered them to
vacate the house immediately.
7.
English Grammar thorough Q

<~H=x = English lecturer =H
WK~.
Our English lecturer advised us to

learn English Grammar thoroughly.
8. <` Chennai =~ `_Q ~=x <#

= friend x request K<#.
I requested my friend to accompany
me to Chennai.
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9. i
fH=x
advise K<~.
rest
doctor
P"
The doctor advised her to take

complete rest.
10. # court [~~K=x

judge b# P*Oz<~.
The judge ordered the police to
EXERCISE
D "HD
=
xH translate
K O_.
"HEnglish
= English
xH translate
K O_.
1. = doubts clarify K=x "= =
English lecturer
x request
K<=.
2.
present the witness in the court.
11.
K=x <# Principal #

request K<#.
T.C. issue
I requested the Principal to issue me

my T.C.
12.
^ K=x =
uncle < WK~.
Time, money
4. `= =# i+iOK=x "~
=OuH q[ K~.
My uncle advised me to save time and

money.
P*OK~.
The magistrate ordered the police to

make an enquiry in that case.
5.
6.
Rooms
Jx clean K=x P" x

=x+x P*Oz#k.
7.
Group-2 sH prepare J==x

= brother H advise K<#.
<#
K=x J`_ Bank

Manager # request K<~.
8. XH "~O ~A leave grant K=x

<# Manager x request K<#.
He requested the Bank Manager to
9. "O@< J`x
K~ fH=x collector
b"ix P*Oz<~.
Loan sanction
sanction him the loan.
15.
3. `= party H vote "=x N=u

x QOn
[ # q[ K~.
Class rooms =Oz discipline

\OK=x Head master students #
13. D case # iQ enquire K=x

magistrate police # P*Oz<~.
14.
Q meeting H attend
J==x "= collector x request
K<=.
Cheif guest
J==x =
advise K<~.
MCA join
uncle
<
10. U^< city settle J==x "~ <

Wz<~.
My uncle advised me to join MCA.
Z
There is no great genius without a mixture of madness.
440
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NEGATIVE FORM
XHHi =#= XHix XH x K=^x
P*OKKO^= H WK KO^=.
J
J
J
J
request
KH#KO^=,
D q+O Z=iH K=^x "~ ## request K~.

Manager work neglect K=^x staff x P*OK~.
JC K=^x = father < WK~.
==# disturb K=^x "= J`xx request KHx<=.
"H= XH xx K=^x XH~ WOHHiH KC@# zOKK#q.
D qÔQ XH xx K =^x XH~ "~Hix request KH#@Q, order K#@Q

H Wz#@Q zOK@
"Not + to-infinitive" LyOK =#.
Note :
"H= J~=# |\ Main Verb 'requested' Qx 'advised' Qx

=K#. To `~"` Verb I form =z# Jk 'to-infinitive' JQ#.
'ordered'
Qx
EXAMPLES
1. H miss H=^x =
==# Hi<~.
2.
3.
lecturers
5. ~[H=xH "tO=^x <

` < Wz<~.
Our lecturers asked us not to miss the

classes.
My friends advised me not to enter

into politics.
Time waste K=^x = father <

advise K<~.
My father advised me not to waste
time.
6. = q+O *HO KH#=^x

<# J`xx KiOz<#.
Office POQ ~=^x manager

staff # P*Oz<~.
The manager ordered the staff
members not to come late to the office.
7. =O~ ^~=
u#=^x
_H~
< zOK~.
4. x
delay K =^ x < # J` x x
request KHx<#.
I requested him not to delay the work.
441
I warned him not to interefere in our

matter.
The doctor advised me not to take

non-vegetarian items.
8. sH H K=^x Prinicipal
q^~# KiOz<~.
The Principal warned the students not
to copy in the examination hall.
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: 94406
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9. K_ O K=^x = mother <

WK~.
10.
My mother advised me not to make bad

friends.
W`~ # q=iOK=^x
= uncle <
11.
My uncle advised me not to criticise

others.
H ~= Ji K =^x
teacher
12.
The teacher ordered them not to make

a noise in the class rooms.
Guides follow J==^x = teachers
13.
Our teachers advised us not to follow

guides.
W|Ok @=^x J`_ "ix request
14.
He requested them not to trouble him.

J|^ O K = ^ x Inspector J` x x
WK~.
"ix P*OK~.
= WK~.
K<_.
P*OK~.
The Inspector ordered him not to tell

lies.
EXERCISE
D "HD
=
xH translate
K O_.
"HEnglish
= English
xH translate
KÒ_.
1.
##
disturb K=^x J`_

friends x request K<_.
`#
2. H ` # qkOK=^x
H=x s
< PiH =Oux H~~.
3. =^#= HO~
O K =^x
=
teachers = WK~.
4.
îOKO_ "#=#
#_=^x S.P. [# H~~.
Helmet
5. sH
postponeK=^x q^~
University registrar # request K~.
6. @ ^~=
u#=^x
doctor J`xH
advise K~.
15. D q+O Z=iH K=^x J`_ ##

request K<_.
7.
Working hours |@ "=^x

Principal q^~# P^tOK~.
16. Z@=O\ =^ O ` #==^ x

b"~ [# H~~.
8.
T.V. late night movies K_=^x

<#
= brother x KiOK#.
17. `# Z@=O\ K~ fH=^x P#

s J^ x request K~.
9. iK= x "ix #==^x "~

## KiOK~.
18.
10. K_ H K^==^x =
< WK~.
He requested me not to tell this matter

to anyone.
The police asked the public not to

believe any rumours.
He requested the party President not

to take any action against him.
BC q^~ #Oz donations =
K=^x University private college
"ix P^tOzOk.
The University ordered the private

colleges not to collect donations from
the BC students.
father
Hands that work are more precious than lips that pray.
442
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ABOUT TO - PRESENT
XHHi =#= W`~ ` =\_ K#C _ XH~

` O XH xx K =
O^`# (readiness) zOKKO^=. =#= XH x K@ ^=Q
L<=. P xx Hk\<, Hk ~A< K=K<= Jx J~=.
<# WC_ lunch fH=K<#.

"= WC_ railway station H | ^~`<=.
J`_ Hk ~A foreign "= K<_.
"~ `~ =# town branch open K=K<~.
J
J
J
J
"H= Ò XH~ K=K# ## QiOz zOKK#q
D qÔQ ` O =#O =\_ K# ==# Hk xq, QO@ H ~A

=#= H "~H~ K= XH xx zOK@
"Am/Is/Are + about to + I form of the verb" LyOK =#.
*
Note : "H=x
Subject, I, J~#C_ 'am about to' =K#.
He, She, It, J~#C_ 'is about to' =K#.
We, You, They, J~#C_ 'are about to' =K#.
EXAMPLES
1. <# WC_ college H "=K<#.
6. "~ `~ J"iH "`<~.
I am about to go to college now.
2. "= WH_ `~
K`<=.
business start
7.
We are about to start business here

soon.
3.
Krishna Express =iHk \

platform gkH ~=K#k.
The Krishna Express is about to arrive
at the platform in a while.
4. = father ~ O_ <
J=`<~.
transfer
My father is about to get a transfer in

a two months.
5. P" =iHk ~A computer course

i K=K#k.
She is about to complete the
computer course in a few days.
443
8.
They are about to leave for America

soon.
Hk xq chief guest WH_H
~`<~.
The chief guest is about to come here

in a few minutes.
"= XH < ~A new house
xH shift J=`<=.
We are about to shift to the new house
in a month.
9. WOHH S^ xq "~
programme
~OaOK`<~ .
10.
They are about to commence the

programme in a five minutes.
"~ `~ WH_ new showroom open
K`<~.
They are about to open a new

showroom here soon.
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: 94406
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11. WOHk xq
=K#k.
train
| ^ ~
The train is about to depart in a few

minests.
12. XH k xq "= dinner serve

K=K<=.
We are about to serve dinner in a ten

minutes.
13. <# `~ Civil Service exam H appear

H`<#.
I am about to appear for the Civil

Service examination soon.
14. "~ `~ India H uiy ~=K<~ .

They are about to return to India soon.
15. = brother ` ~
H=K<_.
bank officer
My brother is about to become a bank

officer soon.
16. "~ `~ JH_ XH shopping complex

xiOK=K<~.
They are about to construct a
shopping complex there soon.
17. ~R

Ò =` HO XH ^H O
"@=K#k.
The state government is about to
launch a special programme for the
youth soon.
18. P# D~*, ~
K<_.
duty
K~=
He is about to join duty today or

tomorrow.
19. P# `~ `# retirement x~x

H\OK=K<_.
He is about to announce his retirement
decision soon.
20. "~ `~ P house H#=K<~.
They are about to buy that house soon.
EXERCISE
D "HD
=
xH translate
K O_.
"HEnglish
= English
xH translate
O_.
1.K<
# D~A Manager # consult
J==K<#.
2. "= XH S^ xq = TiH
|^~=K<=.
3. BSNL ` ~ STD Ks
`yOK=K#k.
4. ~R
Ò `~ DSC <\H+<
*s K=K#k.
5. "~ ~ g\OQ x~O fH
`<~.
6. Hk xq =~O _
=K#k.
7. "~ `~ Hyderabad XH O#
O K=K<~ .
8. < # ~ O_ , =_ ~A bike
H#=K<#.
9. P# ~O_, =_ < job H
resign K=K<~.
10. = uncle `~ TDP K~=
K<~.
11. [_ =iHk \ f~ H\OK
=K<~.
12. Hk xq show begin
J==K#k.
13. HOK O \ "~ shop close
K=K<~.
14. WOHH ~ O_ xq |
H^=K#k.
15. "~ ` ~ P W Mm
K=K<~.
Nothing lasts forever not even your troubles.
444
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ABOUT TO -PAST
XHHi =#= W`~ ` =\_ K#C _ XH~ QÒ x XH ==#O^
XH xx K= O^`# (readiness) zOK KO^=. =#= QÒ XH
x K
@ Ô Q LO_<=.
J
J
J
J
<# x# P time office H " Ò_<#.

"= JC_ game start K Ò_<=.
JC_ =~O _ Ò_#k.
"~C_ programme ~OaOKÒ_ <~.
"H= QÒ x XH ==#O^ XH~ K =KO_# ## QiOz

zOKK#q.
D qÔQ QÒ x XH ==#O^ =#= H "~H~ K @ Ô Q O_# XH

xx QiOz zOK@
" Was/were+about to + I form of the Verb" LyOK =#.
*
Note : "H=x
Subject, I,He, She, It J~#C_ 'Was about to' =K#.
'We, You, They' J~#C_ 'were about to' =K#.
EXAMPLES
1. <# x# P time college H
|^~ Ò_<#.
I was about to start for college at

that time yesterday.
6. "~ J C _
Ò_<~.
2. "= JC_ hall xH enter

J=Ò_<=.
7.
3. J`_ P ==#
J=Ò_<_.
left side turn
8.
4. P" JC_ Ju^

K Ò_#k.
dinner serve
We were about to enter the hall

then.
He was about to turn left side at that

time.
She was about to serve dinner to the

guests then.
5.
445
Train JC_ H^`#k.

The train was about to start then.
9.
game start
They were about to start the game

then.
<# JC_ speech deliver K
Ò_<~.
I was about to deliver the speech

then.
Show JC_ begin J=Ò_#k.
The show was about to begin then.
"= JC_ lunch fHÒ_<=.
We were about to take lunch then.
10. P" JC_ WO\ #O_ |@

~Ò_#k.
She was about to come out of the
house then.
11. < # P = O x ^ =
KO_<#.
I was about to go to sleep at that time.
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12. " = P = =
ZH=KO_<=.
train
xH
We were about to get into the train at

that time.
13. P" JC_ HO^ _~#k.

She was about to fall down then.
14. J` _ P time ~_ ^@=

KO_<_.
He was about to cross the road at that
time.
15. "~ P time

KO_<~.
shop open
K=
They were about to open the shop at

that time.
16. <# JC_

KO_<#.
meeting
=\_=
I was about to speak in the meeting

then.
17. "= P =O
KO_<=.
movie
H "=
We were about to go to a movie at that

time.
18. J` _ J C _ H ^ ` #
JO^H~<_.
train
He was about to catch the moving train

then.
19. P moment bowler ball #

K~<_.
deliver
The bowler was about to deliver the

ball at that moment.
20. h= J C _ court P=~ } H

J==KO_<=..
enter
You were about to enter the court

premises then.
EXERCISE
D "HD
=
xH translate
K O_.
"HEnglish
= English
xH translate
K1. O_.
< # P time switch off
K~<#.
2. " = J C _ tickets f H=
K<=.
3. P" JC_ XH @ _=KO_#k.
4. J` _ J C _ train #O_ kQ=
KO_<_.
5. "~ JC_ WO\H "=K<~.
6. Pinakini Express JC_ q["_H
K~ =KO_#k.
7. "~ J\H S^ xq sH
"^
@=KO_<~.
8. <# JC_ "@O "^ @=
KO_<#.
9. " = P time chess P_ =
KO_<=.
10. J` _ J C _ dias # J_ Q
@~<_.
11. P" J\H Hk xq school H
"
=KO_#k.
12. "~ JC_ maingate open K=
KO_<~.
13. JC_ =~O _
= KO_#k.
14. x# function Principal JC_ Annual
Report K^ ==KO_<~.
15. < # J C _ hall #O_ |\H
~=KO_<#.
Habit, if not resisted, soon becomes necessity.
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HAD BETTER
XHHi =#= XH xx QiOz XH x~
=# =z J K
@ =Ozk
Jx W`~ K# KKO^=. =# =#= _ KCH#KO^=.
h= text book refer K_O =Ozk.

g~ test H coaching fH=_O =Ozk.
J`_ "O@< doctor # consult J=@O =Ozk.
"~ D ~A WH_ stay K@O =Ozk.
J
J
J
J
"H= =#= XH xx QiOzKCK J K_O ", =Ozk Jx

KC@# zOKK#q.
D qÔQ =# =#=Qx H "~HiH Qx XH xx K@ QiOz XH K#Q,

Q KC@# zOK@
"Had better + I form of the Verb" LyOK =#.
*
Note : "H=x
Subject Singular, plural U^## 'Had better + I form'
=K#.
EXAMPLES
1. =#= Madras H
=Ozk.
2.
train
"_O
We had better go to Madras by train.

h= computer course join J=@O
=Ozk.
6. "~ D town settle J=@O =Ozk.

7.
You had better join the computer

course.
They had better settle down in this

town
=#O `~ D H ` WO\H shift J=@O
=Ozk.
We had better shift to this new house

soon.
3. g~ "O@< P W Mm K_O
=Ozk.
4.
You had better vacate that house

immediately.
J` _ " O @< P L^QxH resign
8. g~ "iH D q+O =O^Q

inform K@O =Ozk.
9.
You had better inform them this matter

earlier.
J`_ U^< government job H try
5.
He had better resign to that job

immediately.
P" "O@< specialist x consult J=@O
10.
He had better try for a governemtn job.

"~ =O^Q tickets book K H=@O
K@O =Ozk.
=Ozk.
She had better consult a specialist

immediately.
447
K@O =Ozk.
=Ozk.
They had better book the tickets

earlier.
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EXERCISE
11. h= D O=`~O
K@O =Ozk.
studies continue
You had better continue your studies

this year.
12. g~ P loan `~Q

=Ozk.
clear
KH=@O
You had better clear that loan soon.
13. =#= D q+O "i` KiOK@O

=~zk.
We had better discuss this matter with
them.
14. P# WH i qOu fH=@O

=Ozk.
He had better take complete rest.
15. P" WOHH "~O

=Ozk.
hospital
LO_@O
She had better stay in the hospital one

more week.
16. "~ family U^< XH

K@O =Ozk.
city
shift
They had better shift their family to a

city.
17. h= I-CET H appear J=@O =Ozk.

You had better appear for the I-CET.
18. g~ D ~* "<[~# OkOK@O

=Ozk.
You had better consult the manager
today itself.
19. J`_ B.Ed K@O =Ozk.

He had better do B.Ed.
20. P" D proposal XCH=@O =Ozk.

She had better accept to this proposal.
D "HD
=
xH translate
K O_.
"HEnglish
= English
xH translate
K O_.
1. h= bike H#H=@O =Ozk.
2. g~ D O =` ~ O crop holiday
H\OK@O =Ozk.
3. P# WH ~[H# =ê"@O
=Ozk.
4. P" Super Speciality Hospital zH`
O^@O =Ozk.
5. "~ WH P "~O close K@O
=Ozk.
6. h= English Grammar < ~ H =@O
=Ozk.
7. g~ O` O Q notes ` ~
KH=@O =Ozk.
8. J`_ WOHH job KH=@O =Ozk.
9. P" hostel stay K@O =Ozk.
10. "~ WH P old house Jq "@O
=Ozk.
11. h= J`x` friends K@O =Ozk.
12. g~ bills Z \ H C _ K e O K @ O
=Ozk.
13. P# <q<+< withdraw K@O
=Ozk.
14. P" U^< computer course K@O
=Ozk.
15. "~ `~ XH x~O fH=@O
=Ozk.
Z
Enjoy your own life without comparing it with that of another.
448
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WOULD RATHER
XHHi =#= ~ O_ ## QiOz KC K P ~ O\ "^\
x
H Z=
^#` WK#
@Q zOK KO^=.
<# x~^yQ << LO\# Qx OKO Wz L^QO O^#.

J`_ =< Z^~O\_ H#, Z=i O H~_.
P" P "k` ^< _ Òk Qx, medicines =Ò fH^.
"~ "~O J~< =#O\~ Qx, Hb ~ J=~ .
J
J
J
J
"H= =#= ~ O_ # ^#` xK xx QiOz zOK

K<=.
D qÔQ XH~ ~ O_ # QiOz KC K P ~ O_ # XH ^xH Z= ^#`

WK@# zOK@
"Would rather + I form of the Verb + than" LyOK =#.
*
Note :
"H=x
Subject Singular, Plural U^## 'Would rather'
=K#.
EXAMPLES
1. <# fail J~< J=`Qx, copy =Ò
K#.
I would rather fail in the exam than
copy.
They would rather starve than steal.
6. <# Kx`# Qx, J|Ô =Ò

K#.
We would rather face the problem

than borrow money.
I would rather die than lie.

"= journey J~< cancel LO\~
Qx P bus =Ò K~.
We would rather cancel the journey
than travel by that bus.
3. P" [~O` ^ J~< _ Òk

Qx, P tonic fH^.
8. J`_ |
KiQ J~< LO\_ Qx,
P"x =Ò o KH_.
She would rather suffer from fever

than take that tonic.
J`_ job =^HO\_ Qx, JOKO
9.
He would rather remain a bachelor

than marry her.
P" studies J~< =#O@Ok
Qx, P college =Ò K~^.
He would rather leave this job than

take bribe.
10. "~ W|Ok#~< Z^~O\~ Qx,

W`~ O =Ò H~~.
2. "= =<<
Z^~O\OQx, JC
=Ò K=.
4.
=Ò fH_.
5. "~ J~# LO\~ Qx,

ÔQ`#O =Ò K~.
449
7.
They would rather face the trouble

than seek other's help.
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11. <# problem J~< face K Qh,

J`x O =Ò H~#.
I would rather face the problem than
seek his help.
12. "= J=H"< =Ô\O Hh,

hK"# # =Ò K=.
13.
We would rather lose the opportunity

than do mean things.
Manmohan Singh ^ " < =^
O\~ Hh, Ô` KOH~.
Sri Manmohan Singh would rather lose

his post than kill his principles.
14. P" J==#"<

iO k Hh, "i
P^~_ ^ .
She would rather bear insult than
depend on them.
15. "~ F@q<<

JOwHi~ Hh, "i
P^~_ ~ .
16.
They would rather accept defeat than

violate the rules.
<# #_K<
"# Qh J`x scooter
"#.
I would rather go on foot than go on

his scooter.
17. " = #+ " < Z^ ~O\O Qh,

customers # cheat K=.
We would rather face loss than cheat
the customers.
18. "~ tH J~< J#q~ Qh,

=_#=H =^~.
They would rather undergo punishment
than leave the superstitions.
19. "= D T~ K@ H O ^<

x=t=
Hh, D T~ = ` O =^ e " = .
20.
We would rather live under trees than

leave this village.
<# D course WOHH O=`~" <

K^=`# Qh, sH copy =Ò
K#.
I would rather study this course one

more year than copy in the examination
EXERCISE
D "HD
=
xH translate
K O_.
"HEnglish
= English
xH translate
K O_.
1. "= P book HO Zx ~A< wait
KO Qh, "~ book =Ò follow
J==.
2. <# XO@iQ<<
=O\# Qh, JO\
"i` O =Ò K#.
3. h= q=~< Z^~O\= Qh,
x~O =~H= H^!
4. J`_ x~^yQ<<
=O\_Qh, XHi
HO^ =Ò xK_.
5. P" W|O^<
Z^~O@Ok Qh "i
=@ =Ò q#^.
6. "= ZO` =<<
Z^~O\O Hh
J`xH =Ò H=} K=.
7. "= ZO` Y~ J~< i= Qh,
J`xx =Ò =^=.
8. <# Zx~~ < fail J=` Qh < self
confidence =Ò H#.
9. J`_ z "_< J=`_ Qh P"
g^ = =Ò KOH_.
10. P" =<
Z^~O@k Qh, Z=i
O H~^.
11. <# money J~< =Ô\#
Qh, i` ~r _#.
12. "= ~ \O _|~< Ke = Hh,
D J=H= =^H=.
13. J` _ ZxH F@q J~<
KO^`_ Hh F@ =Ò H#_.
14. "~ P J~< =Ô\~ Hh,
J`xx =Ò ^`` fH#~.
A wiseman doesnot care for what he doesnot have.
450
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SUPERLATIVE DEGREE - 'OF ALL THE'

XHHi =#= W`~ ` =\_ K#C _ XH =H, =, ==
J^ H}
=,
Q}= Qey# "~Oî` e KCKO^=.
J
Batsmen JOî Sachin Q"_. J Hindi actors JOî Amitab popular #@_.
India
Jx\HO> Hj~ JO^"# ^=. J N.T.R =~Oî ~=H$+ z#"_.
"H= XH H}= Qey# "~Oî XHix e KC@# zOKK#q.
D q^=Q XH =H, =, [O`=, == # J^ H} =, Q}= Hey# "~Oî` e

KC@# zOK@
"Subject + Verb + the + Adjective (est / most) + of all the + Plural Noun"
LyOK =#.
*
Note :
1. D degree adjective =O^ article 'the' `H=K#.
2. Adjective 'est' Qx =O^ 'most' Qh =K#.
3. 'of all the' J# phrase LyOz# `~"` Noun Plural Number, 'of all the'
LyOK#K Noun 'Singular Number' LO_=#.
EXAMPLES
1. Jx subjects Mathematics
H+"#k.
Mathematics is the
6. `
Loksabha Oî Rahul

Gandhi z#"_.
Rahul Gandhi is the youngest of all
the members in the present Loksabha.
most difficult subject.
2.
English <@H ~ K ~ ` O^ i
Shakespeare Q"_.
Shakespeare is the greatest of all the
English play wrights.
3. =#^ O x Jx
Pradesh ^k.
states
Uttar
7. xO\ |OQ~= q"#k.

Gold is the most precious of all the
metals.
8.
Dhuryodhana was the worst of all the

Kauravas.
451
boys
J` _
He is the laziest of all the boys in the

class.
9. Jx YO_ Asia ^k.
Vamsi is the richest of all our friends.
5. H~=Oî ^~^#_ K_" _.
x JO^ i
=i.
Uttar Pradesh is the largest of all the

states in our country.
4. = friends JOî Vamsi ^#=O`_.
Class
Asia is the largest of all the continents.
10.
Cancer K
=
^H~ " #
"k.
Cancer is the most dangerous
disease.
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12. q<^ x=xO\ OH~~} O

L`="#k.
Sankarabharanam is the best of all the
movies of Sri Viswanath.
13. t=
^x Jx +
=^~" # k.
Italian
Italian is the sweetest of all the western

languages.
14. = class Mahesh JOîHO> H+ _

xK qî.
Mahesh is the most hard working of
all the students in our class.
15. P# #Q~ H_ ~=}

^"_.
Mr. Ramana is the eldest of his four
sons.
16.
Shakespeare dramas JxO\ Midsummer Night's Dream =Q
LO@Ok.
Mid-summer Night's Dream is the most
humourous of all Shakespeare's
dramas.
17. = town
^k.
hotels
JxO\
Mourya
Hotel Mourya is the biggest of all the

hotels in our town.
18. =# ^ O x #^ x O \ Q O Q
q`"#k.
The Ganges is the holiest of all the
rivers in our country.
EXERCISE
D "HD
=
xH translate
K O_.
"HEnglish
= English
xH translate
K1. O_.
"Q ~AOî JH~ Q"_.
2. P family members JOî "i ^
=~_ K =Oz"_.
3. ` O =# < O^ i
=<<OQ x*~f~_.
4. =x O \
` K =
=^H~"#k.
5. tY~xO\ Everest Z`#k.
6. India x cities JxO\ Kolkatta
^k.
7. = O O _ Q x O \ ~ O *<
=Y"#k.
8. O_=i #=xO\ 'Ja+
PHH~OQ =O@Ok.
9. =# state Jx l West
Godavari Q develop J~#k.
10. _bx hotels JxO\ Asoka
q=O`"#k.
11. =# state x H @ _ x O @\
Charminar
p#"#
k.
12.

` O =#^ =xO\ Hj~
= H+"#k.
13. Dr. Y.S. =Ou=~O JO^~i N ~
J#=A.
14. D O=`~O movies JxO\
'N ~=^ L`="#k.
19. WO_x H@_

xO\ Taj Mahal
JO^"#k.
The Taj Mahal is the most beautiful of
all the constructions in India.
Success comes through planned hard-work.
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SUPERLATIVE DEGREE - 'ONE OF THE'

XHHi =#= W`~ ` =\_ K#C _ XH =H, =, ==
, J^ H}
=,
Q}= Qey# "iXHxQ e KCKO^=.
J OKOx Q ^ India XH\.
J NTR, #=u #\Oz# =Oz movies '=bi XH\.
J =# ~ROx historical cities =~OQ XH\.
J
= ^H~ " # "^ Cancer XH\.
"H= XH H}= Qey# "~Oî XHxQ XH =H, ==# @#

zOKK#q.
D q^=Q XH =H, =, == J^ H} = Qey# "~Oî 'XHxQ XH =H, == #

@# zOK@
"Subject + Verb + one of the + Adjective (est / most) + Plural Noun "
LyOK=#.
Note :
1. D model 'one of the' J# phrase `H=K#.

2. Adjective 'est' Qx, =O^ 'most' Qh =K#.
3. Adjective `~"` Noun Plural Number LO_=#.
EXAMPLES
1. =# Ô x x*~f Q <
Manmohan Singh XH~.
Manmohan Singh is one of the most
honest leaders in our country.
2. n=o O^ = =Y" #
O_Q XH\.
Diwali is one of the most important
festivals for the Hindus.
3.
Z = ~ + < Q
uH Hindu XH\.
English
The Hindu is one of the largest

circulated dalies in English.
4.
India
XH~.
popular actors
Amitab
Amitab Batchan is one of the most

popular actors in India.
453
5. OKOx Q^ India XH\.

India is one of the greatest countries
in the world.
6. D line fast Q #_K trains G.T.

Express XH\.
The G.T. Express is one of the fastest
trains on this line.
7.

O KOx H+" #
+ Chinese
XH\.
Chinese is one of the most difficult
languages.
8. = lx sincere officers P#
XH~.
He is one of the most sincere officers
in our district.
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9. O K O x Q H H \ P@Q
Sachin XH~.
10.
Sachin Tendulkar is one of the best

Cricket players in the world.
21 century Ja=$k KOk# ^
[< XH\.
Japan is one of the most developed

countries in the 21 st century.
11. OKOx p# #Q~ ~"

XH\.
Rome is one of the most ancient cities
in the world.
12. `Qx L`= z` =bi

XH\.
Malliswari is one of the best movies in
Telugu.
13. =# Q LQ_ [O`=

horse XH\.
14.
The horse is one of the most useful

animals.
= school H+ _
xK
teachers
N ~=} XH~.
Sri Ramana is one of the most hard

working teachers in our school.
15. q"# |OQ~O XH\.

16.
Gold is one of the most precious

metals.
= town x busy centres Gandhi
Road XH\.
Gandhi Road is one of the busiest
centres in our town.
17. Ho^ <@H PHH ~ "

#
"\
O` XH\.
Sakuntala is one of the most
instersting dramas of Kalidasa.
18.

O KOx JO^" #

^
Hj~
XH\.
Kashmir is one of the most beautiful
places in the world.
EXERCISE
D "HD
=
xH translate
K O_.
"HEnglish
= English
xH translate
K1. O_.
<\ OK HH\x L`= captain
Ricky Ponting XH_.
2. K< " ^Q~ routes Wk XH\.
3. OKOx _"# #^ q
XH\.
4. Shakespeare $+Oz# =Y"#
characters Brutus XH\.
5. L` ` x ~ zH ~ " #
^~= A# XH\.
6. OKOx |"# ^ USA
XH\.
7. [< Z=Q =O_ #Q~
Hyderabad XH\.
8. OKOx Oux qOK ^
WO_ XH\.
9. ^H Q < Subhash
Chandra Bose XH~.
10. LQH~"# W#=
XH\.
11. WO_x Kx ^ T\
XH\.
12. p# + Latin XH\.
13. PHH~"# P@ HH\ XH\.
14. Q~ = ^ " # *f J"~
^ +} XH\.
15. =Oz P~QH~"
#
P~^
~=

Q^= XH\.
16. =# cricket team x K ~ H #
P@Q ~+ ~< XH_.
Excellence is the result of striving to do better.
454
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COMPARATIVE DEGREE - 'THAN ANY OTHER'

XHHi =#= W`~ ` =\_ K#C _ XH =H, =, ==
, J^ H}
=,
Q}= Qey# qQ` u XHi` e KCKO^=.
J
J
J
Ò qQ` u XH course HO> MCA =Ozk.

= class qQ` u XH student HO> Ramesh è"# "_.
`Q qQ` u XH hero HO> z~Orq popularity Q"_.
"H= XH =Hx J^ Q}= Hey# qye# u XHi` @#

zOKK#q.
D q^=Q XH =H, =, [O`=, == # J^ H} =, Q}= Hey# qye# u XHi`

e KC@# zOK@
"Subject + Verb + Adjective (er /more) + than any other + Singular Noun"
LyOK=#.
*
Note :
1. D degree adjective 'er' Qh, =O^ 'more' Qh =K#.

2. 'Than any other' `~"` Noun 'Singular Number' LO_=#.
EXAMPLES
1. qye# u XH ~A HO>
Panza è"#"_.
2.
3.
4.
5.
455
Sancho
Sancho Panza was wiser than any

other king.
qye# u XH [O`= HO> elephant
^k.
The elephant is bigger than any other

animal.
E-TV qye# u XH programme
HO> ' u
^x interesting Q LO@Ok.
Prathidhwani is more interesting than
any other programme on E-TV.
English qye# u XH ~K~`
HO> Shakespeare Q"_.
Shakespeare is greater than any
other writer in English.
A.P qye# u XH city H O >
Hyderabad ^k.
Hyderabad is bigger than any other
city in A.P.
6. Ò` ~@O qye# u XH

L^=O HO> =O^=`~O =Y"#
k.
7.
Vandemataram was more important

than any other movement during the
freedom struggle.
`Q qye#
u
XH producer HO>
Sri Ramanaidu is more experienced

than any other producer in Telugu.
qye# u XH batsman HO> Sehwag
9.
Sehwag hits the ball harder than any

other batsman.
qye# u XH course HO> MCA
10.
N~=<_ J#=A_ .
|Oux |OQ H_`_.
=Ozk.
M.C.A. is better than any other course.

qye# u XH l H O > west
Godavari Q develop J~#k.
West Godavari is more developed
than any other district.
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11. qye#
u
XH JkHi HO> P#
sincere Q =O\_.
He is more sincere than any other
officer.
12 qye# u XH college H O > =

college H= tH} Hey#k.
Our college is more disciplined than
any other college.
13.
Team x qye# u XH fielder HO>

Yuva Raj K~H#"_.
Yuvaraj is more active than any other
fielder in the team.
14. qye# u XH O_Q HO> =

LQk =Y"#k.
Ugadi is more important than any
other festival to us.
15. qye# u XH
H+"#k.
subject
HO>
physics
Physics is more difficult than any

other subject.
16. qye# u XH ~RO HO>

Q Ja=$k KOk#k.
Punjab
The Punjab is more developed than

any other state.
17. P ~A qye# u XH #\ HO>

qu =Oz talent Hey#@=O\"~.
Savitri was more talented than any
other actress in those days.
18. P ~A Telugu Heroes qye#

u XHiHO> NTR popular #@_.
N.T.R. was more popular than any
other hero in Telugu in those days.
19. P ~A qye# u XH bowler HO>

H^" K Q bowl K"~.
Kapil Dev used to bowl better than any
other bowler in those days.
20. = town qye# u XH

HO> [~O `k.
theatre
Jayaram is older than any other

theatre in our town.
EXERCISE
D "HD
=
xH translate
K O_.
"HEnglish
= English
xH translate
K O_.
1. qye# u XH T.V. set HO> Sony TV
set Ys^#k.
2. = school qye#
u
XH teacher HO>
N ~=} Q teach K~ .
3. = lx qye# u XH college
H O > = college =Oz e `
kO k.
4. qye# u XH ~ K ~ ` H O > N
O_=i PHH ~ O Q "
~ .
5. qye# u XH batsman HO> Dhoni
quick Q runs score K_ .
6. qye# u XH <x HO> N
KO^

| K~Q xK~ .
7. x# dinner qye#
u
XH item HO>
Gulab Jamn ~zH~OQ =#k.
8. P movie qye#
u
XH @ HO>
title song melodious Q L#k.
9. Julius Ceaser drama qye#
u
XH
character HO> Cassius K_"~.
10.

` O cricket qye#
u
XH team
HO> Indian team strong Q L#k.
11. `Q qye# u XHi HO> N
|#OÔ crazy comedian.
12. qye# u XH fruit H O > apple
P~QH~"#k.
13. qye# u XH project HO> =~O
^k.
14. =# ~RO qye# u XH busstation HO> ''Wg|< |+< ^k.
Simple and honest life gives happiness to a happy man.
456
: 94406 16425
COMPARATIVE DEGREE - 'THAN MANY OTHER'

XHHi =#= W`~ ` =\_ K#C _ XH =H, =, ==
J^ H}
=,
Q}= Qey# qQ` K=Ok` e KCKO^=.
qQ` K =Ok < HO> Manmohan Singh x*~f~_.

qye# K states HO> A.P. Ja=$k KOk# ~RO.
Cricket Ò qye# K teams HO> Indian team strong Q L#k.
OKO qye# K ^ HO> India Q Ô.
J
J
J
J
"H= XH =H, ==# qye# K =Ok` e KC@# zOKK#q.
D q^=Q XH =H, =, == # J^ H} =, Q}= Hey# qye# K =Ok`

e KC@# zOK@
"Subject + Verb + adjective (er / more) + than many other + Plural Noun"
LyOK=#.
*
1.
2.
Note :
Adjective 'er' Qh, =O^ 'more' Qh LyOK=#.
'Than many other' `~"` Plural Number Noun =K#.
EXAMPLES
1. qye# K f~ HO> u~=
q`"#k.
5. Ôx qye# K ~ HO>

PO^ ^
^k
.
Tirumala is holier than many other

pilgrim centres.
Andhra Pradesh is larger than many

other states in our country.
2. qye# K =Ok ~K~ ` HO> _II

.<~} ~ _
~Q"~.
6. qye# K P@ H O > H H \
interesting Q LO@Ok.
Dr. C. Narayana Reddy is more

popular than many other writers.
Cricket is more interesting than many

other games.
HO>
7. qye# K O_ HO> =q_

f~xk.
He is better than many other

teachers.
Mango is sweeter than many other

fruits.
3. qye# K =Ok
P# ".
teachers
4. ~RO qye# K l HO>
H O Ja=$k KOk#k.
Prakasam is more developed than
many other districts in our state.
457
8.
English qye# K =Ok poets

HO> John Keats Q"_.
John Keats is greater than many other
poets in English.
,
: 94406
16425 .
9. Ò =# Ô qye# K
= H O > Hj~ H + " # k.
Kashmir problem is more critical than
many other problems in our country.
10.
Delhi qye# K hotels H O >

Ashoka q=O`"#k.
Ashoka is more luxurious than many
other hotels in Delhi.
11. qye# K Of s HO>

[ `QÔ " KOk.
The Telugu Desam Party did better
than many other regional parties for
the people.
12. qye# K =Ok ~K~` HO>

O_=i popularity Q"~.
Sri Yandamuri is more popular than
many other writers.
13. qye# K =Ok players HO> H;}

Q P_`_.
Lakshman plays better than many
other players.
14. qye# K dictionaries HO> Orient

Longman standard J~#k.
The Orient Longman dictionary is more
standard than many other
dictionaries.
15. qye# K =Ok HO> J`_ H+

_

xK =H.
He is more hardworking than many
other persons.
16. qye# K =Ok actors H O >

Mahesh Babu Q act K_ .
Mahesh Babu acts better than many
other actors.
17. qye# K cities HO>

OÒQ =O@Ok.
Bangalore
Bangalore is more peaceful than

many other cities.
EXERCISE
D "HD
=
xH translate
K O_.
"HEnglish
= English
xH translate
K O_.
1. qye# K =Ok workers HO> J`_
x*~f~_.
2. qye# K books HO> Wk g
LQH~"#k.
4. Chennai "@ qye# K trains
H O > < H x ZH H ~ OQ
=O@Ok.
5. qye# K =Ok singsters HO> S.P.
talent Q"~.
6. D sweet stall qye# K items
H O > Mysore pawk ~ zH ~ O Q
=O@Ok.
7. qye# K H~ H O > MBA
LQH~OQ =O@Ok.
8. qye# K H~ HO> =~u KHQ
=#k.
9. qye# K flowers HO> eb =
bright Q =O@Ok.
10. qye# K =Ok PiH =O`HO>
N ~ |_\ Q `~ K~.
11. North India qye# K s HO>
BJP |"#k.
12. qye# K =Ok music Directors
H O > N H ~ " } melodious tunes
compose K~ .
13. qye# K =Ok q^"` HO> N
KH ~= J#==Q"~.
14. qye# K Q}= HO> x*~f
L#`"#k.
The life of a happyman is a great gift of God.
458
: 94406 16425
THAN
XHHi =#= W^~ =#, ~O_ ==# XH ^x` WOHH ^xx
eKCKO^=.
W@b HO> WO_ Q^= .

Foot ball HO> cricket PHH~OQ LO@Ok.
< HO> J`_ Ex~.
Bangalore HO> Mysore JO^"# #Q~=.
J
J
J
J
D q^=Q W^~ =#Qx, ~O_ ==#Qx XH H}= XHix WOHHi`,

XH^xx WOHH^x` e KC@# zOK@
First Subject + Verb + Adjective (er / more) + than + Second Subject
LyOK=#.
*
1.
Note :
Adjective 'er'
Qh, =O^ 'more' Qh LyOK=#.
EXAMPLES
1.
Mumbai HO> Kolkatta ^ #Q~=.

Kolkatta is larger than Mumbai.
2.
Mathematics HO> Physics H+=.

Physics is more difficult than
Mathematics.
6.
7.
K_ .
Agarkar bowls
Zaheerkhan.
3. J_ HO> JH~ Q"_.

Akbar was grater than Ashoka.
4. =O |H^
HO> ~O*< =Y"#
O_Q.
Ramzan is more important than
Bakrid for the Muslims.
5.
N J^h HO> N "*~

J#=A.
B.J.P.
Sri Vajpayee is more experienced

than Sri Advani in the B.J.P.
459
Foot ball HO> Cricket PHH~"#k.

Cricket is more interesting than foot
ball.
Zaheer Khan HO> Agarkar fast Q bowl
faster
than
8. <QO_ = HO> Hj~ =

H+"#k.
9.
The Kashmir problem is more critical

than the Nagaland problem.
Mount Blanc HO> Everest Z` # k.
Mount Everest is higher than Mount
Blanc.
10. "O_ HO> |OQ~= q"#

k.
Gold is more precious than silver
,
: 94406
16425 .
11.
Sanskrit H O > Hindi "#k.

Hindi is easier than Sanskrit.
12. =
cousin H O > < #

I am elder to my cousin.
^"_x.
13. K< #Oz Bangalore HO> Hyderabad

^~=.
Hyderabad is farther than Bangalore
from Chennai.
14. ^ N H O > ^ + } Z =
Q~=^"#k.
Padmabhushan is more honourable
than Padmasri.
15. "}N HO> qu x~.

Savitri is senior to Vanisri.
16. =
Chemistry lectrurer HO> Physics

lectrurer Q teach K~ .
Our Physics lecturer teaches better
than our Chemistry lecturer.
EXERCISE
D "HD
=
xH translate
K O_.
"HEnglish
= English
xH translate
K O_.
1. Chemistry HO> Physics PHH~OQ
LO@Ok.
2. H$#k HO> Q^=i q` "
#
k.
3. hHO> J`_ =O^Q =z<_.
4. Ò Australia HO>
strong Q L#k.
5.
Abhishek
HO>
India team
Amittab
act
K_ .
6. hHO> J`_ Z= Ok_ .
7. Q ~ O H O >
~Q`Òk.
lOH
" Q O Q
8. J`x HO> P" Z= J~` Hey#k.
17. Q H O > ^h |Oux |OQ

H_`_.
9. QÒ Ganguly lead K#

^xHO>
Q Dravid team x lead K<_.
Dhoni hits the ball harder than

Sehwag. (does)
10. P movie Hero HO> Heroine Q

act KOk.
18. J`xHO> <# Q interview K#.

I did the interview better than he.
19.
20.
Bangalore HO> Mysore JO^"#k.

Mysore is more beautiful than
Bangalore.
Webster Dictionary H O > Oxford
Dictionary standard Q LO@Ok.
The Oxford Dictionary is more
standard than the Webster Dictionary.
11. Jx q+
hHO> <# superior.
12.
Harbhajan HO> Anil Kumble

Q spin K_ .
|Oux
13.
Pinakini Express HO> GT Express

fast Q #_Ok.
14. =HO> "~ ^#=O`.
Z
Material possessions cannot make man happy.
460
: 94406 16425
NO OTHER
XHHi =#= XH =Hx
, ==
# XH H}
= WH 'JO`\"
~=~~ Jx
KCKO^=.
Asia YO_= WO_ JO`\ Q ^=
WOHH\ ^ .
= friends Ashok JO` è"#"_ WOHH~ _.
= Physics JO`\ H+"# subject WOHH\ ^.
`Q NTR JO`\ Q #@_ WOHH~ ~.
J
J
J
J
D q^=Q XH =Hx , =#, == H XH H} = QiOz KC K WH J@=O\"~,

JO`\"~ "~H~ ~ J# J~=` KC@# zOK@
"Noother + Singular Noun + Verb + so - as + Subject" LyOK=#.
*
1.
2.
Note :
'No other" `~"` Noun Singular Number
'So-as' =^ adjective Ug add H^.
LO_=#.
EXAMPLES
1.
2.
3.
4.
Shakespeare JO`\ Q <@H ~K~

`
WOHH~ ~.
5.
JO` \ p#" # +
WO_
WOHH \
^ .
Sanskrit
No other dramatist is so great as

Shakespeare.
No other language in India is so ancient

as Sanskrit.
JO`\ =Oz batsman WOHH~
6. = =i J`x JO` K_ =H WOHH~

~.
No other batsman is so good as

Sachin.
No other man in our village is so bad

as he (is).
Sachin
~.
Everest JO`\
Z`# tM~O OKO
7. z~Orq JO`\ popular #@_ `Q

WOHH~ ~.
No other peak in the world is so high

as Everest.
No other actor in Telugu is so popular

as Chiranjivi.
U.S.A. JO`\ |"#

Ô WOHH\ ^ .
No other nation is so strong as the
U.S.A.
8. H O JO`\ z# ~RO WO_

WOHH\ ^.
WOHH\ ^.
461
No other state in India is so small as

Sikkim.
,
: 94406
16425 .
9.
JO` \ L Q
H~"# |H WOHH\ ^.
Oxford Dictionary
No other book is so useful as the

Oxford Dictionary.
10. Mr. Rao JO`\ J#==Q

= WOHH~ ~.
teacher
No other teacher in our school is so

experienced as Mr. Rao.
11. ` K= JO`\
=
^H~ " #
=
WOHH\ ^.
No other snake is so dangerous as a
cobra.
12. H= Christmas JO`\ =M"#

O_Q WOHH\ ^.
No other festival for the Christians is so
important as Christmas.
13. =#Ô QOQ#k JO`\ q`"#

#k WOHH\ ^.
No other river in our country is so holy
as the Ganges.
14. h JO`\ ^~~_ WOHH_ LO__.

No other person is so wicked as you
(are).
15. Indian team =< > JO` fast

Q bowl K bowler WOHH~ ~.
No other bowler in the Indian team
bowls so fast as Munaf Patel.
16. = Madhavi Madam JO` Q

K"~ WOHH~ ~.
teach
No other teacher in our school teaches

so well as Mrs. Madhavi.
17. Bible H ~ = , U H JO` \

Q^=_ D qO WOHH~ ~.
According to the Bible, no other God in
the universe is so great as Jesus Christ.
EXERCISE
D "HD
=
xH translate
K O_.
"HEnglish
= English
xH translate
K~=
O_. }O JO`\ q` Q O Ô WOHH\
1.
^.
2. Shakespeare <@H Mid-summer
Nights Dream JO` \ ~ " # k
WOHH\ ^.
3. Romantic Age John Keats JO`\
Q Hq WOHH~ ~.
4. =# team Sehwag JO` Q\Q ball
x hit K batsman WOHH~ ~.
5. N =<"<OQ JO`\ KHKHOQ

`x #_Q <_

` O
WOHH~ ~.
6. = workers J` x JO` =i
WOHH~ ~.
7. On JO` " #
+ WOHH\ ^ .
8.

` O =#Ô Hj~ JO`\ H+
" #
= WOHH\ ^.
9. qu JO`\ \O\ =# #\ WOHH~
~.
10. Mr. Ramana JO`\ sincere officer =
office WOHH~ ~.
11. ~^ JO`\ K~H #
J=~ = H
WOHH~ ~.
12. Qa JO`\ attractive flower WOHH\
^.
13. P#O\ =Oz=x+ D ~A
"~H~ =O_~.
14. x*~fx qOz# Q Q }=
WOHH\ ^.
15. Taj Mahal JO`\ JO^"# H@_=
=#Ô "~H\ ^.
Success is a fulfilment of your burning desire.
462
: 94406 16425
VERYFEW
XHHi =#= XH =Hx
, XH ==
# XH H}
= W`~ ` K
'JO\
"~ K `=Q LO\~ Jx KCKO^=.
N KO^|O\ K~H# < K `=Q =O\~.

Sehwag Q |Oux hit K batsmen K `= =Ok L<~.
h Q H+_"~ D ~A K `= Q =O\~.
Q= n` O\ Q Q O ^ K ` =Q LO\~.
J
J
J
J
D q^=Q XH =H, == H XH H} =# eK C K 'W@=O\"~ K ` =Q

LO\~ J# J~=` KC@# zOK@
"Veryfew + Plural Noun + Plural Verb + as - as + Subject" LyOK=#.
*
1.
2.
Note :
'Veryfew" `~"` Noun Plural Number
'As-as' =^ adjective Ug add H^.
LO_=#.
EXAMPLES
1.
JO`\ Q #@ K `=
=Ok LO\~.
NTR
Veryfew actors are as great as NTR.

2.
KO^| O\ K~H# <

K `= =Ok L<~.
Veryfew leaders are as active as
Chandra Babu.
3. q<^ O\ classical directors K

`= =Ok LO\~.
6. P# O\ H+
_
xK
"~ D
~A K `=Q L<~.
Veryfew men now-a-days are as hard
working as he (is).
7.
JO` develop J~#

`= L<~.
A.P.
states
Veryfew states are as developed as

A.P.
Veryfew directors are as classical as

Viswanath.
8. H $ u WO^^# O\ JO^" #
^ $ K ` =Q =O\~.
4. P # O\ x*~f ~ K
`= =Ok =O\~.
Veryfew sights in nature are as

beautiful as a rainbow.
Veryfew men are as honest as he (is).
5. <~ JO` Q H= K `=
=Ok L<~.
Veryfew poets are as great as
Sri C. Narayana Reddy.
463
9. O $` O O\ p# +
OKO K `=Q =<~.
Veryfew languages in the world are as
ancient as Sanskrit.
,
: 94406
16425 .
10. [ e` O\ popularity =#
< K `= =Ok =<~.
Veryfew leaders are as popular as
Jayalalitha.
11. WO_O\ Q ^

O KO
K `=Q =<~.
Veryfew countries in the world are as
great as India.
12. `QO\ fx + K
`=Q =<~.
Veryfew languages are as sweet as
Telugu.
13.
Socrates O\ "^= K ` =
=Ok =O\~.
Veryfew scholars are as wise as

Socrates.
14. 'N~=^ O\ L`= z` K

`=Q LO\~.
Veryfew movies are as good as Sri
Ramadasu.
15. J`x O\ =Oz = D ~A

K `= =Ok =O\~.
Veryfew persons now-a-days are as
good as he is.
16. a.*.
"
^ =[< O\ K~H #
H~H~ K `= =Ok =<~.

Veryfew workers in the BJP are as
active as Pramodh Mahajan.
17. ~`ÔO\ p# O$`

OKO K` `=Q =<~.
Veryfew cultures in the world are as
ancient as India.
EXERCISE
D "HD
=
xH translate
K O_.
"HEnglish
= English
xH translate
K O_.
1. = class suresh JO` èqQ
q^~ K `=Q =<~.
2.
JO` " #
+ K
`=Q =<~.
Hindi
3. D ~A P#O`\ =Oz =
K `==Ok LO\~.
4. O K O Buddhism JO` \ Q
=` K `=Q L<~.
5.
M.S. |H; JO`\ talented singsters
K `= =Ok LO\~.
6. P ~A QOnQi JO`\ Q =
K `==Ok =O_"~.
7.
JO` H + " # H~ K
`=Q =<~.
C.A.
8. D ~A P# JO` ^Q"~
K `==Ok =O\~.
9. h JO` èq`= "~ D ~A
K `= =Ok =O\~.
10. H = Easter JO` =Y" #
O_Q K `=Q =<~.
18. a JO`\ q`"# QO^ K

`=Q =O\~.
Veryfew books are as holy as the
Bible.
Make everyday 'a day of success'.
464
VERB LIST:-
* VERB FORMS LIST *

'Verb' is the most important of all the Parts of Speech.
A verb denotes an action, state or possession.
doing
Being
having
XH xx QiOz, XH ux QiOz, Hey# ^xx QiOz zOK

^=# 'Verb' JO^~.
English x u verb =Y=Q =_ ~=/O_#.
Jq
1.
The Simple Present
2.
The Simple Past
3.
The Past Participle
See
Saw
seen
Work
Worked
worked
D =_ ~=/# /3=Q QiOK@ g/Q =~Q I

form, III form Jx KCH#=K
H#=K.
D =_ ~=/ #O_< verb
H qye# ~=/ `~ KH#=K.
Verbs ~O_ ~H=/.
Jq Strong Verbs =i Weak Verbs
Strong Verbs < =~/ Irregular Verbs JO^~.
Srinivasulu.jasti
form, II
Page1 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
XH verb H Present Form x Vowels JK/ (A,E,I,O,U) Past Form

Qx, Past Participle Form Qx =i# Z_/, P Verb # Storong Verb
JO^~.
Write
wrote
written
Come
came
come
Take
took
taken
Do
did
done
Give
gave
given
XH verb H Present Form 't', 'd' H 'ed' Ki Past

Participle Form U~_<# Z_/, P Verb # Weak Verb JO^~.
Form, Past
Ex :
Spend
spent
spent
Lend
lent
lent
Like
liked
liked
Love
loved
loved
Help
helped
helped
Pull
pulled
pulled
D book "Ò 2300 verbs 'conjugation' W=|_<#k. Alphabetical order

Wz#O^# q^~
q^~/ /3OQ verb
H =_ ~=/ <~H#=K#.
Srinivasulu.jasti
Page2 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
* VERB FORMS LIST *

Sr.NO 1 st Form
1 st Form
1 st Form
Meaning in Telugu
1.
Abide
abode
abode
2.
Arise
arose
Arisen
3.
Awake
Awoke
Awoke
4.
Bear
bore
Borne
5.
Bear
bore
Born
6.
Beat
beat
Beaten
7.
Become
became
Become
8.
Befall
befell
Befallen
9.
Beget
begot
Begotten
10.
Begin
began
Begun
11.
Behold
beheld
Beheld
12.
Bend
bent
Bent
13.
Bereave
bereft
Bereft
14.
Beseech
besought
Besought
15.
Beset
beset
Beset
16.
Bet
bet
Bet
17.
Betake
betook
Betaken
18.
Bethink
bethought
Bethought
19.
Bid
bade,bid
bidden,bid
20.
Bide
bode
Bided
21.
Bleed
bled
Bled
22.
Blend
blent
Blent
23.
Bless
blest
Blest
24.
Blow
blew
Blown
25.
Break
broke
Broken
26.
Breed
bred
Bred
27.
Bring
brought
Brought
28.
Broadcast
broadcast
Broadcast
29.
Build
built
Built
30.
Burn
burnt
Burnt
x=tOK@
H#|_@,Z@
"@
iOK@
[xOK@
H@@
JQ@
OqOK@
H#@
P~OaOK@
Q=xOK@
=OQ@
Q@H#
|u=_@
P=iOK,K@H#
O^= "@
P~OK
*H= `KH#
P*OK,"O=_
J=H=#H "K@
~H= H~@
H@
nqOK@
gK@,T^@
QQ@@
t=# H#@
`K@
|=~O K@
xiOK@
H@,H@
Srinivasulu.jasti
Page3 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
31.
Burst
burst
Burst
32.
Buy
bought
Bought
33.
Cast
cast
Cast
34.
Catch
caught
Caught
35.
Chide
chid
chidden,chid
36.
Choose
chose
Chosen
37.
Cleave
clove,cleft
cloven,cleft
38.
Cling
clung
Clung
39.
Come
came
Come
40.
Cost
cost
Cost
41.
Creep
crept
Crept
42.
Crow
crew
Crowed
43.
Cut
cut
Cut
44.
Dare
durst
Dared
45.
Deal
dealt
Dealt
46.
Dig
dug
Dug
47.
Dive
dived,dove
Dived
48.
Do
did
Done
49.
Draw
drew
Drawn
50.
Dream
dreamt
Dreamt
51.
Drink
drank
Drunk
52.
Drive
drove
Driven
53.
Dwell
dwelt
Dwelt
54.
Eat
ate
Eaten
55.
Fall
fell
56.
Feed
fed
Fed
57.
Feel
felt
Felt
58.
Fight
fought
Fought
59.
Find
found
Found
60.
Flee
fled
Fled
61.
Fling
flung
Flung
Srinivasulu.jasti
Fallen
Q@,z@@
H#@
q~@,=~"@
@H#@
p"@ @@
Z#H#@
QH@,p@
JO\@HxLO_@
=K@
"Q@
=@
H_TQU@
H@
^~=K@
x~OK@
`=@
=#Q@
K@
w@, Q@
HQ#@
`Q@
#_@
H
H~O LO_@
u#@
_@
uxOK@,+OK
J#u O^@
~_@
H#Q#@
=i=@
=~",qi"
Page4 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
62.
Fly
flew
Flown
63.
Forbid
forbade
Forbidden
64.
Forecast
forecast
Forecast
65.
Foreknow
foreknew
Foreknown
66.
Foresee
foresaw
Foreseen
67.
Foretell
foretold
Foretold
68.
Forget
forgot
Forgotten
69.
Forgive
forgave
Forgiven
70.
Forsake
forsook
Forsaken
71.
Forswear
forswore
forsworn
72.
Freeze
froze
Frozen
73.
Gainsay
gainsaid
Gainsaid
74.
Get
got
Got
75.
Gild
gilt
Gilt
76.
Gird
girt
Girt
77.
Give
gave
Given
78.
Grind
ground
Ground
79.
Grow
grew
Grown
80.
Hang
hung
Hung
81.
Have
had
Had
82.
Hear
heard
Heard
83.
Hew
hewed
Hewn
84.
Heave
hove
Hove
85.
Hide
hid
Hidden
86.
Hit
hit
Hit
87.
Hold
held
Held
88.
Hurt
hurt
Hurt
89.
Inlay
inlaid
Inlaid
90.
Keep
kept
Kept
91.
Kneel
knelt
Knelt
92.
Knit
knit
Knit
Srinivasulu.jasti
ZQ~@
x+kOK@,H^#@
=O^Q `
=O^ Q`
Q ` H#
=O^ QZ^ ~ K K @
q+`# K@
=~z=@
HqOK@
=ê"@
^=K=ê@@
~H#,Q_H@
H^#@
O^@
|OQ~ ~ "@
K\ H@@
WK@
q~@,_TK@
~Q@
Lif@,"_n@
Hey O_@
q#@
#~@
L|@,OQ@
^zLOK@
^@
@H#
Q ~K@
LOK@
LOK@
"Hi@
J@,=_T"@
Page5 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
93.
Know
knew
Known
94.
Lade
laded
laden
95.
Lay
laid
Laid
96.
Lead
led
Led
`H#
F_~"@
@@
#_TOK@
97.
Lean
leant
Leant
XH" =OQ@,P#Hx LO_@
98.
Leap
leapt
Leapt
99.
Learn
learnt
Learnt
100.
Leave
left
Left
101.
Lend
lent
Lent
102.
Let
let
Let
103.
Lie
lay
Lain
104.
Light
lit
Lit
105.
Lose
lost
Lost
106.
Make
made
Made
107.
Mean
meant
Meant
108.
Melt
melted
Molten
109.
Misdeal
misdealt
Misdealt
110.
Misgive
misgave
Misgiven
111.
Mislay
mislaid
Mislaid
112.
Mislead
misled
Midled
113.
Misspell
misspelt
Misspelt
114.
Misspend
misspent
Misspent
115.
Mistake
mistook
Mistaken
116.
Misunderstand
misunderstood
misunderstood
117.
Mow
mowed
Mown
118.
Outbid
outbade,outbid
outbidden,outbid
119.
Outdo
outdid
Outdone
120.
outgo
outwent
Outgone
121.
Outgrow
outgrew
Outgrown
122.
Outride
outrode
Outridden
123.
Outrun
outran
Outrun
Srinivasulu.jasti
QO` "@
<~H#@
=ê "@
JQ WK@
J#=uOK@
LO_@,_TLO_
LO_@
"eyOK@
Q@H#
`~ K@
J~= KC@
HiyOK@
`CQ x~OK@
#=H= O_@
XHK@\ =~K@
`Cî @@
`CQ JH~ K^=@
=$^ Y~ K@
`CQ fH#@
J=~= KH#@
`yOK,HuiOz"
Z= ^~ WK@
JkH=Q K
^^\=(Y~)
Z=Q ~Q@
"Q=Q =sK
ik ^\ iQ `@
Page6 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
124.
Outshine
outshone
Outshone
125.
Override
overrode
Overridden
J^v`=QHtOK
Z=Q =sK@
126.
Overbear
overbore
overborne
JkH HQ , ~O =OK
127.
Overcast
overcast
Overcast
128.
Overcome
overcame
overcome
129.
Overdo
overdid
Overdone
130.
Overhang
overhung
Overhung
131.
Overhear
overheard
Overheard
132.
Overlay
overlaid
Overlaid
133.
Overleap
overleapt
Overleapt
134.
Overlie
overlay
Overlain
135.
Overrun
overran
overrun
136.
Oversee
oversaw
overseen
137.
Overset
overset
overset
138.
Overshoot
overshot
overshot
139.
Oversleep
overslept
overslept
140.
Overtake
overtook
Overtaken
141.
Overthrow
overthrew
Overthrown
=| =HxLO_
JkHqOK@,[~OK
Z=Q K
# "_@
J`=Q q#@
Z= HCQ "
Ju x^=@
#, g^ =O_@
JkH=Q@
~"HOK@
H` KO^@
XH Q~# ^\ H@
Ju x^
x^=@
^\=@
Z= ^~O q~
142.
Overwork
overworked
Overworked
JkH HO xK@
143.
Partake
partook
partaken
144.
Pay
paid
paid
145.
Prove
proved
proven
146.
Put
put
put
147.
Read
read
read
148.
Rebind
rebound
rebound
149.
Rebuild
rebuilt
rebuilt
150.
Redo
redid
Redone
151.
Relay
relaid
Relaid
152.
Remake
remade
Remade
153.
Rend
rent
Rent
154.
Repay
repaid
Repaid
Srinivasulu.jasti
Q= KH#@
KeOK@
x~OK@
LOK@
K^=@
=~ J@ "@
#iiOK@
=~ K@
LOK@,@
@,@@
=~`~K@
QQ@@
uiy KeOK@
Page7 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
155.
Rerun
reran
Rerun
156.
Reset
reset
Reset
157.
Retell
retold
retold
158.
Rewrite
rewrote
rewritten
159.
Rid
rid
rid
160.
Ride
rode
ridden
161.
Ring
rang
rung
162.
Rise
rose
risen
163.
Rive
rived
riven
164.
Run
ran
run
165.
Saw
sawed
sawed
166.
Say
said
said
167.
See
saw
seen
168.
Seek
sought
sought
169.
Sell
sold
sold
170.
Send
sent
sent
171.
Set
set
172.
Sew
sewed
set
sewn
173.
Shake
shook
shaken
174.
Shave
shaved
shaven
175.
Shear
sheared
Shorn
176.
Shed
shed
Shed
177.
Shine
shone
Shone
178.
Shoe
shod
Shod
179.
Shoot
shot
Shot
180.
Show
showed
Shown
181.
Shred
shred
shred
182.
Shrink
shrank
Shrunk
183.
Shrive
shrove
Shriven
184.
Shut
shut
Shut
185.
Sing
sang
Sung
Srinivasulu.jasti
=~ ~Q `@
uiy J=~@
uiy KC@
=~ "@
q_TOK@
=sK@
"yOK@
L^~OK@
p@
iQ `@
xO=` H@
KC@
KK@
H~H#@
J=@
O@
J=~@,JqOK@
@@
H^,P_TOK@
H~= K@
[O`~= HuiOK@
~@
HtOK@
_=H@@
H@
KOK@
eH K@
=_KH#@
=q=Hx K@
=@
=_@
Page8 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
186.
Sink
sank
sunk,sunken
187.
Sit
sat
Sat
188.
Slay
slew
Slain
189.
Sleep
slept
Slept
190.
Slide
slid
slid,slidden
191.
Sling
slung
Slung
192.
Slink
slunk
Slunk
193.
Slit
slit
Slit
194.
Smell
smelt
Smelt
195.
Smite
smote
Smitten
196.
Sow
sowed
Sown
197.
Speak
spoke
Spoken
198.
Speed
sped
Sped
199.
Spell
spelt
Spelt
200.
Spend
spent
Spent
201.
Spill
spilt
Spilt
202.
Spin
spun,span
Spun
203
Spit
spat
Spat
204.
Split
split
Split
205.
Spoil
spoilt
Spoilt
206.
Spread
spread
Spread
207.
Spring
sprang
Sprung
208.
Stand
stood
Stood
209.
Stave
stove
Stove
210.
Steal
stole
Stolen
211.
Stick
stuck
Stuck
212.
Sting
stang
Stung
213.
Stride
strode
stridden,strid
214.
Strike
struck
struck,stricken
215.
String
strung
Strung
216.
Strive
strove
Striven
Srinivasulu.jasti
=#Q@
U~#@
KO@
xkOK@
*~@
q~@
^y=@
H@,p@
"# KK@
H@@,kOK@
q`#= K@
=\_@
"Q=# OK@
LKiOK@
Y~@
@@
== K@
=_@
Lq"@
qlOK,p
K_Q @@
"OK@
H K@
x|_@
~O^= K@
ÔyeOK@
JO\OK,JO@H#
@@
JOQ"@
H@@
H@@,"~OK@
=_@,~_@
Page9 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
217.
Sunburn
sunburnt
Sunburnt
218.
Swear
swore
Sworn
219.
Sweep
swept
Swept
220.
Swell
swelled
Swollen
221.
Swim
swam
Swum
222.
Take
took
Taken
223.
Teach
taught
Taught
224.
Tear
tore
Torn
225.
Tell
told
Told
226.
Think
thought
Thought
227.
Thrive
throve
Thriven
228.
Throw
threw
Thrown
229.
Thrust
thrust
Thrust
230.
Tread
trod
trodden,trod
231.
Unbend
unbent
Unbent
232.
Unbind
unbound
Unbound
233.
Underbid
underbid
Underbid
234.
Undergo
underwent
Undergone
235.
Understand
understood
Understood
236.
Undertake
undertook
Undertaken
237.
Upset
upset
Upset
238.
Wake
woke
Woken
239.
Waylay
waylaid
Waylaid
240.
Wear
wore
Worn
241.
Weave
wove
woven,wove
242.
Wed
wedded
Wed
243.
Weep
wept
Wept
244.
Win
won
Won
245.
Wind
wound
Wound
246.
Withhold
withheld
Withheld
247.
Withstand
withstood
Withstood
Srinivasulu.jasti
ZO_^| `Q@
=}= K@
T_@, z=@
OQ@
D^@
fH#@
<iOK@
zOK@
KC@
PzOK@
Ja=$k KO^@
q~@
|OQ <@@,`@
#_K@,`@
=OQO_@
HCx,HCO_
`yOz J_Q@
O^@
J~O KH#@
#H#@
H` ~K@
"#
îHz #|_@
îOK@
<@
q"=_@
^d~K@
Q K@
K@@
xe"@
ZîOK,J_yOK
Page10 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
248.
Work
worked
Wrought
249.
Wring
wrung
Wrung
250.
Write
wrote
Written
251.
Abandon
abandoned
Abandoned
252.
Abase
abased
Abased
253.
Abash
abashed
Abashed
254.
Abate
abated
Abated
255.
Abbriviate
abbriviated
Abbriviated
256.
Abdicate
abdicated
Abdicated
257.
Abduct
abducted
Abducted
258.
Aberrate
aberrated
Aberrated
259.
Abet
abetted
Abetted
260.
Abhor
abhorred
Abhorred
261.
Abject
abjected
Abjected
262.
Abjure
abjured
Abjured
263.
Abolish
abolished
Abolished
264.
Abort
aborted
Aborted
265.
Abound
abounded
Abounded
266.
Abrade
abraded
Abraded
267.
Abridge
abridged
Abridged
268.
Abscond
absconded
Absconded
269.
Absolve
absolved
Absolved
270.
Absorb
absorbed
Absorbed
271.
Abstain
abstained
Abstained
272.
Abuse
abused
Abused
273.
Abut
abutted
Abutted
274.
Accede
acceded
Acceded
275.
Accelerate
accelerated
Accelerated
276.
Accentuate
accentuated
accentuated
277.
Accept
accepted
Accepted
278.
Accredit
accreditted
Accreditted
Srinivasulu.jasti
xK@
#,O_@
"@
q_Tz@,=ke@
hK~K,`=K
Q~K
`yOK,qOK
OQ~K,kOK
kOK
^qx `lOK
|`~=Q fHx =
< =~= `C@
K_# ÒK
^+~K
`",=~"
=}= K q_Tz@@
~^ K
Q~v=== [~Q
q=~=Q Hey
J~Qn,~^
OQ~K,kO
~=Q =i=
q_^ K
, QOK
èyO_,=#H#
u@
P#Hx O_
=uOK,XCH#
H#
"Q= OK
<H KC
=uOK
#=@ g#
Page11 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
279.
Acclaim
acclaimed
Acclaimed
[ [ ^#` =Q`qK
280.
Acclimatize
acclimatized
acclimatized
H` "`=~}=# J"@_
281.
Accommodate
accommodated
accommodated
282.
Accompany
accompanied
accompanied
283.
Accord
accorded
Accorded
284.
Account
accounted
Accounted
285.
Accost
accosted
accosted
286.
Accredit
accreditted
Accreditted
287.
Accure
accured
accured
288.
Accumulate
accumulated
accumulated
289.
Accuse
accused
Accused
290.
Accustom
accustommed
accustommed
291.
Achieve
achieved
Achieved
292.
Acknowledge
acknowledged
acknowledged
293.
Acquaint
acquainted
Acquainted
294.
Acquire
acquired
Acquired
295.
Act
acted
acted
296.
Actuate
actuated
Actuate
297.
Adapt
adapted
Adapted
298.
Add
added
Added
299.
Addict
addicted
Addicted
300.
Address
addressed
Addressed
301.
Adduce
adduced
Adduced
302.
Adhere
adhered
Adhered
303.
Adjoin
adjoined
Adjoined
304.
Adjourn
adjourned
Adjourned
305.
Adjudge
adjudged
Adjudged
306.
Adjudicate
adjudicated
adjudicated
307.
Adjust
adjusted
Adjusted
308.
Administer
administered
administered
309.
Admire
admired
Admired
Srinivasulu.jasti
=u He~K@
"O@ =K@
WK@
=O^"o=\_@
",H~}= KC@
#=@ g HeOK
OqOK,, [=Q eOK
U_@
xO^"@, <~= "@
J"@ KH#@
=kOK, O=kOK
x[= X#CH#@
iK= K@
O^,O=kOK
#\OK
~OK
i~K
H
^~= K
=\_,OkOK
x~OK
JO@H#, J#iOK
H##
"~^ "
f~C KC
"[=# f~C KC
iK, KHk^
i=# K
"KH#
Page12 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
310.
Admit
admitted
Admitted
311.
Admonish
admonished
admonished
312.
Adopt
adopted
adopted
313.
Adore
adored
Adored
314.
Adorn
adorned
Adorned
315.
Adulate
adulated
Adulated
316.
Adulterate
adulterated
Adulterated
317.
Advance
advanced
Advanced
318.
Advert
adverted
Adverted
319.
Advertise
advertised
Advertised
320.
Advise
advised
Advised
321.
Aerate
aerated
Aerated
322.
Afear
afeared
Afeared
323.
Affect
affected
Affected
324.
Affirm
affirmed
Affirmed
325.
Affix
affixed
Affixed
326.
Affliate
affliated
Affliated
327.
Afflict
afflicted
Afflicted
328.
Afford
afforded
Afforded
329.
Aggrandize
aggrandized
aggrandized
330.
Aggravate
aggravated
Aggravated
331.
Aggregate
aggregated
Aggregated
332.
Aggrieve
aggrieved
Aggrieved
333.
Agitate
agitated
Agitated
334.
Agonize
agonized
Agonized
335.
Agree
agreed
Agreed
336.
Aim
aimed
Aimed
337.
Alight
alighted
Alighted
338.
Allege
alleged
Alleged
339.
Allocate
allocated
Allocated
340.
Allot
allotted
Allotted
Srinivasulu.jasti
xH~xK@,=uOK
p"@ @
JOwHiOK,^` fH#@
Z= =` lOK
JOHiOK
=Yu K
Hb K
=OÔ_
O_
zOK, ZuK
H@# K
WK
Qe `Q#@ JQ~K
@
|@
^$_ ~K
JO\OK
K~H#
kOK
WK,HQK
qiOK
kOK, K~K
"`= U_@
kOK
JH=K, H=~ @
z`=^K, ^ QiK
UHqOK, =uOK
QiKK
kQ, HO^ kQ
<HKC,=
C,=KC
qlOK,WK
qlOK WK
Page13 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
341.
Allow
allowed
Allowed
342.
Alter
altered
Altered
343.
Amaze
amazed
Amazed
344.
Amble
ambled
Ambled
345.
Ambush
ambushed
Ambushed
346.
Ambulate
ambulated
Ambulated
347.
Amend
amended
Amended
348.
Amplify
amplified
Amplified
349.
Amuse
amused
Amused
350.
Analyse
analysed
Analysed
351.
Animate
animated
Animated
352.
Annihilate
annihilated
Annihilated
353.
Annoy
annoyed
Annoyed
354.
Anoint
anointed
Anointed
355.
Antedate
antedated
Antedated
356.
Anticipate
anticipated
Anticipated
357.
Apologize
apologized
Apologized
358.
Apostatise
apostatised
apostatised
359.
Appal
appalled
Appalled
360.
Appeal
appealed
Appealed
361.
Appear
appeared
Appeared
362.
Appease
appeased
Appeased
363.
Append
appended
Appended
364.
Appeartain
appeartained
appeartained
365.
Applaud
applauded
Applauded
366.
Apply
applied
Applied
367.
Appoint
appointed
Appointed
368.
Apportion
apportioned
apportioned
369.
Appraise
appraised
Appraised
370.
Appreciate
appreciated
appreciated
371.
Apprehend
apprehended
apprehended
Srinivasulu.jasti
J#=uOK,=uOK
=~C
kQ= HeyOK
x^#=Q, fiHQ #_K
=~Q# ^yO_T#|_
W@,J@ u~QK =
=iOK
qiOK
O`+@
qlOK
=}qK
<#=K,~=
_TOK
#<` ~^@,Ja+H= K@
=O^\ `kx "
=O^Q `H#
H=} J_Q@
=` qO =^@
= HQ*
=#q KH#
H#|_
OuO*
J#|O^=Q *~
O|OkOK
"KH#
W=x J_Q@
xqOK
qlOz WK,Oz@
" x~
x~~OK@
Q}=# "KH#
QOK,_
Page14 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
372.
Apprentice
apprenticed
apprenticed
373.
Apprise
apprised
Apprised
374.
Approach
approached
approached
375.
Appropriate
appropriated
appropriated
376.
Approve
approved
Approved
377.
Arbitrate
arbitrated
Arbitrated
378.
Argue
argued
Argued
379.
Arouse
aroused
Aroused
380.
Arraign
arraigned
Arraigned
381.
Arrange
arranged
Arranged
382.
Arrest
arrested
Arrested
383.
Arrive
arrived
Arrived
384.
Arrogate
arrogated
Arrogated
385.
Articulate
articulated
Articulated
386.
Ascend
ascended
Ascended
387.
Ascertain
ascertained
ascertained
388.
Ascribe
ascribed
Ascribed
389.
Ask
asked
Asked
390.
Apperse
appersed
Appersed
391.
Aspire
aspired
Aspired
392.
Assail
assailed
Assailed
393.
Assassinate
assassinated
assassinated
x<~C@ xqOK
èK
gOK
JiOK,`#k KH#
`$ _, J#=uOK
`Q=# i+iOK@
"kOK
"kOK, x~OK
~OK
<~= ",`CK
H=~K
M^ K
=K
`# Jx J_Q
KHQ LîOK
Z
èH#
P~OK
J_Q
^+OK
P_,Ja+OK
_H#@
~=Q `QqOK
394.
Adumbrate
adumbrated
adumbrated
=Q
Q èK
395.
Assemble
assembled
Assembled
396.
Assert
asserted
Asserted
397.
Assess
assessed
Assessed
398.
Assign
assigned
Assigned
399.
Assimilate
assimilated
Assimilated
400.
Assist
assisted
Assisted
401.
Associate
associated
Associated
402.
Assort
assorted
Assorted
Srinivasulu.jasti
U~, XH\Q K~
PîOz =\_
#qkOK
xqOK, x~~OK
ri~KH#, QOK
= K
"= K
`~Q `Q qlOK
Page15 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
403.
Assuage
assuaged
Assuaged
404.
Assume
assumed
Assumed
405.
Assure
assured
Assured
406.
Astonish
astonished
Astonished
407.
Astound
astounded
Astounded
408.
Atone
atoned
Atoned
409.
Attach
attached
Attached
410.
Attack
attacked
Attacked
411.
Attain
attained
Attained
412.
Attempt
attempted
Attempted
413.
Attend
attended
Attended
414.
Attest
attested
Attested
415.
Attract
attracted
Attracted
416.
Attribute
attributed
Attributed
417.
Augment
augmented
Augmented
418.
Augur
augurred
Augurred
419.
Authenticate
authenticated
authenticated
420.
Authorize
authorized
Authorized
421.
Avail
availed
Availed
422.
Avenge
avenged
Avenged
423.
Aver
averred
Averred
424.
Avert
averted
Averted
425.
Avoid
avoided
Avoided
426.
Avow
avowed
Avowed
427.
Await
awaited
Awaited
428.
Babble
babbled
Babbled
429.
Baffle
baffled
Baffled
430.
Bake
baked
Baked
431.
Balk
balked
Balked
432.
Bamboozle
bamboozled
bamboozled
433.
Bandy
bandied
Bandied
Srinivasulu.jasti
LqOK
TOK,#\OK
#qOK,x=K
P~~K
kQ= ~K
`$~K
JO\OK,H
|_
O^
uOK
[~Q@
=H= KC
PHiOK
H~}= H#|~K
OK@
q+`# `,KC@
"==# `
JkH~"Q
xH=K
Qf~H#
^$_~K
x"iOK
ÒKH#
=uOK
HKHxO_
=p~x=\_,=^~@
z~K@
~> H
POQ= HeOK
WO^*=K, "K
WzKH#@
Page16 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
434.
Banish
banished
Banished
435.
Banter
bantered
Bantered
436.
Bash
bashed
Bashed
437.
Bask
basked
Basked
438.
Baste
basted
Basted
439.
Bate
bated
Bated
440.
Bathe
bathed
Bathed
441.
Batter
battered
Battered
442.
Bawl
bawled
Bawled
443.
Beatify
beatified
Beatified
444.
Beautify
beautified
Beautified
445.
Becall
becalled
Becalled
446.
Beckon
beckoned
Beckoned
447.
Becalm
becalmed
Becalmed
448.
Befit
befitted
Befitted
449.
Befool
befooled
Befooled
450.
Befoul
befouled
Befouled
451.
Beg
begged
Begged
452.
Begird
begirded
Begirded
453.
Begrime
begrimed
Begrimed
454.
Begrudge
begrudged
Begrudged
455.
Beguile
beguiled
Beguiled
456.
Behead
beheaded
Beheaded
457.
Belabour
belaboured
Belaboured
458.
Belch
belched
Belched
459.
Beleaguer
beleaguered
beleaguered
460.
Believe
believed
Believed
461.
Bellow
bellowed
Bellowed
462.
Belong
belonged
Belonged
463.
Bemoan
bemoaned
Bemoaned
464.
Bemuse
bemused
Bemused
Srinivasulu.jasti
^|+iOK
i=K
f==Q H@
~^=# KeHKH#@
H@@
`= K
=#= K~OK
f==Q H@
J~K
P#O^
P#O^= HeOK
JOHiOK
=~~` K
`` H Ku` Q K
O`~K
`yO_
|k#x K
=iH K
zOK
K@H#
qHe =iH K
J
J KO^@
"yOK
tOK^= K
f==Q H@
`#C
=@_TOK
#=, qtOK
~OH"
KOkO_
XH q+" ^dK
$ `C#@ K
Page17 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
465.
Benight
benighted
Benighted
466.
Benumb
benumbed
Benumbed
467.
Bepuff
bepuffed
Bepuffed
468.
Beseem
beseemed
Beseemed
469.
Besiege
besieged
Besieged
470.
Besmear
besmeared
Besmeared
471.
Bespangle
bespangled
bespangled
472.
Bespatter
bespattered
bespattered
473.
Bestir
bestirred
Bestirred
474.
Bestow
bestowed
Bestowed
475.
Betray
betrayed
Betrayed
476.
Betroth
betrothed
Betrothed
477.
Bewail
bewailed
Bewailed
478.
Bewilder
bewildered
Bewildered
479.
Bewitch
bewitched
Bewitched
480.
Bifurcate
bifurcated
Bifurcated
481.
Bilk
bilked
Bilked
482.
Blabber
blabbered
Blabbered
483.
Blacken
blackened
Blackened
484.
Blanch
blanched
Blanched
485.
Blandish
blandished
Blandished
486.
Blare
blared
Blared
487.
Blazon
blazoned
Blazoned
488.
Bleach
bleached
Bleached
489.
Blench
blenched
Blenched
490.
Blend
blended
Blended
491.
Blink
blinked
Blinked
492.
Blister
blistered
Blistered
493.
Bloat
bloated
Bloated
494.
Blot
blotted
Blotted
495.
Blubber
blubbered
Blubbered
Srinivasulu.jasti
pH\ zx
~*#= O_ K
qugi Q_@
`yO_
=@_TOK
=iHK
H=O`=Q JOHiOK
h\x `#@ H@@
iH,~OK
WK
#qOK "= K@
q"= x~OK
^dK
kQ= HeyOK
=OuOz =#+# PHi~K
~O_Q qlOK
"yOK
PK# H =^~@
JHiK,#K
=e=,`=
=Yu K
QiOK
|~OQ~K
K= K
=` OQ
H@
q}HiOK
|#@Q H@
L|, "
`=# @
~^# K
Page18 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
496.
Blur
blurred
Blurred
497.
Blurt
blurted
Blurted
498.
Bluster
blusterred
Blusterred
499.
Booze
boozed
Boozed
500.
Borrow
borrowed
Borrowed
501.
Bother
bothered
Bothered
502.
Boycot
boycotted
Boycotted
503.
Brag
bragged
Bragged
504.
Brand
branded
Branded
505.
Brandish
brandished
Brandished
506.
Breathe
breathed
Breathed
507.
Brew
brewed
Brewed
508.
brighten
brightened
Brightened
509.
Broaden
broadened
Broadened
510.
Bruise
bruised
Bruised
511.
Budge
budged
Budged
512.
Bulge
bulged
Bulged
513.
Bump
bumped
Bumped
514.
Bungle
bungled
Bungled
515.
Burgle
burgled
Burgled
516.
Burke
burked
Burked
517.
Bury
burried
Burried
518.
Bustle
bustled
Bustled
519.
Cachinnate
cachinnated
cachinnated
520.
Cajole
cajoled
Cajoled
521.
Calculate
calculated
Calculated
522.
Calumniate
calumniated
calumniated
523.
Calve
calved
Calved
524.
Cancel
calcelled
Cancelled
525
.Centralize
centralized
Centralized
526.
Canvas
canvassed
Canvassed
Srinivasulu.jasti
+=Q èO_#@ K
=^~@, "Q
Qe,"#f==Q LO_@
qugi `Q
JCQ WKH#
_OK
TOK
|+iOK
_O|= KCH#@
=^"
~oOK
tOK
=h
=h= `~K
H= HeyOK
"_Q#@ K
#QQ@
H^,HkeOK
L|@, "@
"^H#@, H@H#@
xx=_K,zO^~=O^~ K
ÔQ`#=K,HQ@
ÒK
_@
O^_TK,Q_a_ K
J@=K,aQ~Q #=
y_T "yOK
H@@
xO^~K
^_# D#@
~^K@,=K@
HOnHiOK@
F@H"_H#@
Page19 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
527.
Capacitate
capacitated
Capacitated
528.
Caper
caperred
Caperred
529.
Capitulate
capitulated
Capitulated
530.
Capsize
capsized
Capsized
531.
Captivate
captivated
Captivated
532.
Capture
captured
Captured
533.
Caress
caressed
Caressed
534.
Carouse
caroused
Caroused
535.
Carp
carped
Carped
536.
Carry
carried
Carried
537.
Carve
carved
Carved
538.
Castigate
castigated
Castigated
539.
Castrate
castrated
Castrated
540.
Cater
caterred
Caterred
541.
Cauterize
cauterized
Cauterized
542.
Cease
ceased
Ceased
543.
Celebrate
celebrated
Celebrated
544.
Centralize
centralized
Centralized
545.
Certify
certified
Certified
546.
Chaffer
chafferred
Chafferred
547.
Champ
champed
Champed
548.
Chant
chanted
Chanted
549.
Characterize
characterized
characterized
550.
Chasten
chastened
Chastened
551.
Chastise
chastised
Chastised
552.
Chatter
chattered
Chattered
553.
Chaw
chawed
Chawed
554.
Cheapen
cheapened
Cheapened
555.
Cheat
cheated
Cheated
556.
Cherish
cherished
Cherished
557.
Chew
chewed
Chewed
Srinivasulu.jasti
K@H~=QJ~wH
QJ~wHiOK
^=@
~}H~@
`HO^Q
=#<Hi~K
=n#= KH#
=^_@
qO^=^= KH#
z#`C @
"Hx =@
z`= K@
f==Q Ô_TOK
Z^ q`#= H@@
[#= =_TOK
"`"@, H@
=#H#@,x@
O_Q ". [~@
HOnHiOK@
`= WK@,x~OK@
~=_@
#=@,H~@
@
=_@
H}= `@
Ô_TOz KH~K
Ô_TOK
"Q@,@
#=@
K=HK@
"K
= =OKH#
#=@
Page20 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
558.
Chirp
chirped
Chirped
559.
Choke
choked
Choked
560.
Chop
chopped
Chopped
561.
Cicatrize
cicatrized
Cicatrized
562.
Circulate
circulated
Circulated
563.
Circumvent
circumvented
circumvented
564.
Cite
cited
Cited
565.
Civilize
civilized
Civilized
566.
Clamber
clambered
Clambered
567.
Clamp
clamped
Clamped
568.
Clap
clapped
Clapped
569.
Clarify
clarified
Clarified
570.
Clash
clashed
Clashed
571.
Clasp
clasped
Clasped
572.
Classify
classified
Classified
573.
Claver
clavered
Clavered
574.
Cleanse
cleansed
Cleansed
575.
Clench
clenched
Clenched
576.
Climb
climbed
Climbed
577.
Clog
clogged
Clogged
578.
Close
closed
Closed
579.
Clot
clotted
Clotted
580.
Cloy
cloyed
Cloyed
581.
Clutch
clutched
Clutched
582.
Clutter
cluttered
Cluttered
583.
Co-operate
co-operated
co-operated
584.
Coax
coaxed
Coaxed
585.
Cobble
cobbled
Cobbled
586.
coddle
coddled
Coddled
587.
Codify
codified
Codified
588.
Coerce
coerced
Coerced
Srinivasulu.jasti
HKHK_
Tiu~QO_ K
#~@,`~Q @
Q= =#@
"O *
"yOK
LîOK
<QiH`# HQ*
=` H Z@
ayOK,@H#
K@H@@
q=iOz KC
XH^xHH\ _H#
HH=# `yeOK@
`~Q `Q qlOK
=~=Q @
H_Q
Q\Q @H#
Z
zH#,J_H#
=@
Q_H@,~H#
q~
q~HKO^@
Q\Q @H#@
zO^~=O^~ K
HiOK
=Oz=@` |[yOK
KC@
@@,QK
^` Q=xOK
HiOK
|=O` @
Page21 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
589.
Cogitate
cogitated
Cogitated
590.
Coincide
coincided
Coincided
591.
Collaborate
collaborated
collaborated
592.
Collapse
collapsed
Collapsed
593.
Collate
collated
Collated
594.
Collect
collected
Collected
595.
Collide
collided
Collided
596.
Combine
combined
Combined
597.
Command
commanded
commanded
598.
Commemmorate.
commemmorated
commemmorated
599.
Commence
commenced
commenced
600.
Commend
commended
commended
601.
Comment
commented
commented
602.
Commit
committed
Committed
603.
Commune
communed
Communed
604.
Communicate
communicated
communicated
605.
Compare
compared
Compared
606.
Compel
compelled
Compelled
607.
Compensate
compensated
compensated
608.
Compete
competed
Competed
609.
Compile
compiled
Compiled
610.
Complain
complained
complained
611.
Complicate
complicated
complicated
612.
Comply
complied
Complied
613.
Compose
composed
Composed
614.
Comprehend
comprehended
comprehended
615.
Compress
compressed
compressed
616.
Compute
computed
Computed
617.
Conceal
concealed
Concealed
618.
Concede
conceded
Conceded
619.
Conceive
conceived
Conceived
Srinivasulu.jasti
n~=Q PzOK
OkH HeyO_
HexK
ye _T=@
iKK
HiOK
"^H#
K~,UHqOK
P*OK
*H~=Q U~~K
P~OaOK
"KH#
"M#= K
K_x K
u` O+OK
èK
@
|=O`= K
#+i~= K
\K
U~K, HiOK
~^ K
z HeyOK
=uOK
U~
QOK, `H#
<
HK
~=Q LOK
=uOK
ÒK,TOK
Page22 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
620.
Concentrate
concentrated
concentrated
621.
Concert
concerted
Concerted
622.
Conciliate
conciliated
Conciliated
623.
Conclude
concluded
Concluded
624.
Concuss
concussed
Concussed
625.
Condole
condoled
Condoled
626.
Confabulate
confabulated
confabulated
627.
confess
confessed
Confessed
628.
Confirm
confirmed
Confirmed
629.
Conflagrate
conflagrated
conflagrated
630.
Confound
confounded
confounded
631.
Confute
confuted
Confuted
632.
Congeal
congealed
Congealed
633
Congratulate.
congratulated
congratulated
634.
Conjure
conjured
Conjured
635.
Connect
connected
Connected
636.
Conquer
conquered
Conquered
637.
Conserve
conserved
Conserved
638.
Consider
considered
Considered
639.
Consist
consisted
Consisted
640.
Console
consoled
Consoled
641.
Conspire
conspired
Conspired
642.
Constipate
constipated
constipated
643.
Construct
constructed
constructed
644.
Construe
construed
Construed
645.
Consult
consulted
Consulted
646.
Consume
consumed
Consumed
647.
Contain
contained
Contained
648.
Contaminate
contaminated
contaminated
649.
Contend
contended
Contended
650.
Continue
continued
Continued
Srinivasulu.jasti
UHQ` K
HiOK
O`~K,=^#~K
=yOK@
f==Q HOOK
qK~=# `
K=\ =\_H#
XCH#
~~K
He"@
=~K
`C Jx x~OK
Q_H@
Ja#OkOK
=O``~`=# îOK
H
[~OK, Q K
*Q`, ^~K
PzOK
HeyO_
F^~
@#@
=|^H= K
xiOK
J~=KC,J#=kOK
J_Q,OkOK
== K
HeyO_
K~K@
~_,"kOK
H#=yOK
Page23 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
651.
Confort
conforted
Conforted
652.
Contradict
contradicted
contradicted
653.
Contrast
contrasted
constrasted
654.
Contribute
contributed
Contributed
655.
Contuse
contused
Contused
656.
Converse
conversed
Conversed
657.
Convert
converted
Converted
658.
Convey
conveyed
Conveyed
659.
Convict
convicted
Convicted
660.
Convince
convinced
Convinced
661.
Convoke
convoked
Convoked
662.
Copulate
copulated
Copulated
663.
Coquet
coquetted
Coquetted
664.
Correspond
corresponded
corresponded
665.
Corrugate
corrugatted
corrugatted
666.
Corrupt
corrupted
Corrupted
667.
Count
counted
Counted
668.
Counterfeit
counterfieted
counterfieted
669.
Cover
covered
Covered
670.
Cram
crammed
Crammed
671.
Crash
crashed
Crashed
672.
Crave
craved
Craved
673.
Crawl
crawled
Crawled
674.
Create
created
Created
675.
Cremate
cremated
Cremated
676.
Cringe
cringed
Cringed
677.
Criticise
criticised
Criticised
678.
Crucify
crucified
Crucified
679.
Crumble
crumbled
Crumbled
680.
Crush
crushed
Crushed
681.
Cry
cried
Cried
Srinivasulu.jasti
=OH~K
H^#
@
KO^ WK@
#QQ@@
O+OK@
=~@
fH#=,èK
^+#KC
XOK@
="~K
OQ=K
=OK
L`~``~= [~
=_`_#@ K
OKqK
H@
=iHx=LO_,#HbQ
=
U ~ , H#
^ | = ` Q @
"_H#,qHe H~H#
=@
xiOK, $+OK
H,=^#= K
=` =OyO_
`C Hx@, q=iOK
"H@,z`=^K
#e _TK
#QQ@
U_
Page24 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
682.
Cuddle
cuddled
Cuddled
683.
Cultivate
cultivated
Cultivated
684.
Cumulate
cumulated
Cumulated
685.
Curtail
curtailed
Curtailed
686.
Dab
dabbed
Dabbed
687.
Damn
damned
Damned
688.
Dance
danced
Danced
689.
Dangle
dangled
Dangled
690.
Darken
darkened
Darkened
691.
Darn
darned
Darned
692.
Dash
dashed
Dashed
693.
Daub
daubed
Daubed
694.
Daunt
daunted
Daunted
695.
Dawdle
dawdled
Dawdled
696.
Daze
dazed
Dazed
697.
Dazzle
dazzled
Dazzled
698.
Deaden
deadened
Deadened
699.
Deafen
deafened
Deafened
700.
Debar
debarred
Debarred
701.
Debase
debased
Debased
702.
Debilitate
debilitated
Debilitated
703.
Decamp
decamped
Decamped
704.
Decant
decanted
Decanted
705.
Decapitate
decapitated
decapitated
706.
Deceive
deceived
Deceived
707.
Decide
decided
Decided
708.
Decipher
deciphered
Deciphered
709.
Declaim
declaimed
declaimed
710.
Declare
declared
Declared
711.
Decline
declined
Declined
712.
Decorate
decorated
Decorated
Srinivasulu.jasti
`H#@,HyeOKH#
=QK
=$kKO^
`yOK
"Q `@
K~K
#$`= K
"_K
pH\K
\KH|~K
"^, qiH@
@,J@
J^~~K
H==~= K
kQ\OK
K# K^~Q @
uqi\OK
K=_K
|+$`x K
hK~K
|=Q@
=i=
`@# =Oz"
`# #iH"
"=K@
f~xOK,x~OK
~+# K^=QQ@
L^H=` =\_
H\OK
H}OK
JOHiOK
Page25 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
713.
Decorum
decorummed
decorummed
714.
Decoy
decoyed
Decoyed
715.
Decrease
decreased
decreased
716.
Decry
decried
Decried
717.
Dedicate
dedicated
Dedicated
718.
Deduce
deduced
Deduced
719.
Deepen
deepened
Deepened
720.
Deface
defaced
Defaced
721.
Defend
defended
Defended
722.
Degrade
degraded
Degraded
723.
Deject
dejected
Dejected
724.
Deliberate
deliberated
Deliberated
725.
Deliver
delivered
Delivered
726.
Delude
deluded
Deluded
727.
Delve
delved
Delved
728.
Demand
demanded
Demanded
729.
Demit
demitted
Demitted
730.
Demolish
demolished
demolished
731.
Demonstrate
demonstrated
demonstrated
732.
Demoralize
demoralized
demoralized
733.
Demur
demured
Demured
734.
Denote
denoted
Denoted
735.
Denude
denuded
Denuded
736.
Deny
denied
Denied
737.
Deodorise
deodorised
Deodorised
738.
Depart
departed
Departed
739.
Depasture
depastured
Depastured
740.
Depend
depended
Depended
741.
Deplore
deplored
Deplored
742.
Deploy
deployed
Deployed
743.
Depose
deposed
Deposed
Srinivasulu.jasti
=~^HeyO_
PK fH#@
`yOK
^+OK
JOH`=
TOK
`K
~ K_Q @
~HOK
`@
x~`=` LO_
*Q`Q PzOK
JOkOK
"=K
`=@
^~=Q J_Q
L^Q= =^@
<#= K, _^
x~OK
huK_
PHOK@
`
kQO|~= K
H^#@
HOQ@@
|^~
","
P^~_
=#_@
"OK
^gK`x K
Page26 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
744.
Deposit
deposited
Deposited
745.
Depress
depressed
Depressed
746.
Derail
derailed
Derailed
747.
Deride
derided
Derided
748.
Derive
derived
Derived
749.
Descend
descended
Descended
750.
Describe
described
Described
751.
Deserve
deserved
Deserved
752.
Desiccate
desiccated
Desiccated
753.
Designate
designated
Designated
754.
Desist
desisted
Desisted
755.
Desolate
desolated
Desolated
756.
Despond
desponded
Desponded
757.
Despatch
despatched
despatched
758.
Despise
despised
Despised
759.
Despoil
despoiled
Despoiled
760.
Destine
destined
Destined
761.
Destroy
destroyed
Destroyed
762.
Detach
detached
Detached
763.
Detail
detailed
Detailed
764.
Detain
detained
Detained
765.
Detect
detected
Detected
766.
Deter
deterred
Deterred
767.
Deteriorate
deteriorated
deteriorated
768.
Determine
determined
Determined
769.
Detest
detested
Detested
770.
Dethrone
dethroned
Dethroned
771.
Detonate
detonated
Detonated
772.
Detract
detracted
Detracted
773.
Detrain
detrained
Detrained
774.
Devastate
devastated
Devastated
Srinivasulu.jasti
XHK@ x LOK@
x~`~K
~ \ `C
iOK,QeK
==#O_T QOK
kQ@
q=iOK,=iOK
`yO_
P~@
L^Q\ WK@
x@
<#= K@, x~#+=K
x~KO^@
`~Q O"@
hK=Q qOK
^KH#
qkKedO|_
<#= K
"~K
q=iOzKC@
P, x
x
Hx@
x~`~K
Q}=K_,
x~~OK
q~kOK,^+OK
^q#O_T `yOK
@,^ |=` @
`yOK
~#O_T kQ
=_K
Page27 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
775.
Develop
developed
Developed
776.
Deviate
deviated
Deviated
777.
Devise
devised
Devised
778.
Devolve
devolved
Devolved
779.
Devote
devoted
Devoted
780.
Devour
devoured
Devoured
781.
Diagnise
diagnised
Diagnised
782.
Dictate
dictated
Dictated
783.
Die
died
Died
784.
Differ
differed
Differed
785.
Differentiate
differentiated
differentiated
786.
Diffuse
diffused
Diffused
787.
Digest
digested
Digested
788.
Dignify
dignified
Dignified
789.
Digress
digressed
Digressed
790.
Dilate
dilated
Dilated
791.
Dilute
diluted
Diluted
792.
Diminish
diminished
Diminished
793.
Dine
dined
Dined
794.
Dip
dipped
Dipped
795.
Direct
directed
Directed
796.
Disagree
disagreed
Disagreed
797.
Disable
disabled
Disabled
798.
Disallow
disallowed
Disallowed
799.
Disappear
disappeared
disappeared
800.
Disappoint
disappointed
disappointed
801.
Disapprove
disapproved
disapproved
802.
Disarm
disarmed
Disarmed
803.
Disarrange
disarranged
disarranged
804.
Disavow
disavowed
Disavowed
805.
Disband
disbanded
disbanded
Srinivasulu.jasti
=$kK
î`C
L== K
^`# =~
JiOK@
qOQ@,P
@,PQ u#@
"kx QiOK@
K "~OK@
Kx=@
qa# Ja== HeyLO_@
`_# èK
"^[
r~=K
Q~==# HeyOK
î`C
q=~=Q KC
h~ He K# K
`yOK@
[#= K
=#Q@
îK@
|#~K
qkOK
=uOO_
H#_H=
x~~K
x~HiOK
x~^x K
H== K~K
`# è^#@
K^~Q @
Page28 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
806.
Disbelieve
disbelieved
Disbelieved
807.
Disburse
disbursed
Disbursed
808.
Discard
discarded
Discarded
809.
Diccern
discerned
Discerned
810.
Discharge
discharged
Discharged
811.
Disclaim
disclaimed
Disclaimed
812.
Disclose
disclosed
Disclosed
813.
Discolour
discoloured
discoloured
814.
Discomfit
discomfitted
discomfitted
815.
Discompose
discomposed
discomposed
816.
Disconcert
disconcerted
disconcerted
817.
Disconnect
disconnected
disconnected
818.
Discontinue
discontinued
discontinued
819.
Discourage
discouraged
discouraged
820.
Discover
discovered
Discovered
821.
Discriminate
discriminated
discriminated
822.
Discuss
discussed
Discussed
823.
Disdain
disdained
Disdained
824.
Disembark
disembarked
disembarked
825.
Disengage
disengaged
disengaged
826.
Disfigure
disfigured
Disfigured
827.
Disgorge
disgorged
Disgorged
828.
Dishearten
disheartened
disheartened
829.
Dishevel
dishevelled
Dishevelled
830.
Disillusion
disillusioned
disillusioned
831.
Disinfect
disinfected
Disinfected
832.
Disinherit
disinheritted
disinheritted
833.
Disintegrate
disintegrated
disintegrated
834.
Disinter
disintered
Disintered
835.
Disjoin
disjoined
Disjoined
836.
Disjoint
disjointed
Disjointed
Srinivasulu.jasti
#=O_@
=KeOK@
q_Tz"
`~`== `H#
`yOK@
=^H#
|~OQ=K
~OQ# K_Q@
F_TOK
H==ÒK
Oux OQ~K
"~K
xe"
J^~~K
H#Q#
H^=# `@
ìOK,KiOK
JH= K
kQ=u K
q_T=
~ K_Q @
"Ou KH#
J^~~K
A@q~H#@
=#`yOKH#
~QH=# `yOK
"~`=# ~^K
tk"=
_T#^xx `=@
"~K
|O^=# q_n
Page29 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
837.
Dislocate
dislocated
Dislocated
838.
Dislodge
dislodged
Dislodged
839.
Dismantle
dismantled
Dismantled
840.
Dismiss
dismissed
Dismissed
841.
Dismount
dismounted
dismounted
842.
Disnumber
disnumbered
disnumbered
843.
Disobey
disobeyed
Disobeyed
844.
Disoblige
disobliged
Disobliged
845.
Disown
disowned
Disowned
846.
Disparage
disparaged
Disparaged
847.
Dispel
dispelled
Dispelled
848.
Dispense
dispensed
Dispensed
849.
Disperse
dispersed
Dispersed
850.
Displace
displaced
Displaced
851.
Displease
displeased
Displeased
852.
Dispose
disposed
Disposed
853.
Dispossess
dispossessed
dispossessed
854.
Disprove
disproved
Disproved
855.
Dispute
disputed
Disputed
856.
Disqualify
disqualified
disqualified
857.
Disrobe
disrobed
Disrobed
858.
Disrupt
disrupted
Disrupted
859.
Dissatisfy
dissatisfied
Dissatisfied
860.
Dissect
dissected
Dissected
861.
Dissemble
dissembled
Dissembled
862.
Disseminate
disseminated
disseminated
863.
Dissent
dissented
Dissented
864.
Dissipate
dissipated
Dissipated
865.
Dissolve
dissolved
Dissolved
866.
Dissuade
dissuaded
Dissuaded
867.
Distil
distilled
Distilled
Srinivasulu.jasti
=#= =ê"
=#= ÒK
==# f"
`yOK@
kQ,kO@
`#HK@
P[# g~@
=~## =uOO_@
H^#@
=~^H =\_
=~^@
Oz@
"OK,Kki=
=#= #O_T `yOK@
H= HeyOK
Jq"
O`=Q L#^xx QH#@
`x x~OK
K~ K, `Q=_
J~` O_ K
== O_ K
QQ@,_TK
JO`$ HQK
=H K, Q= K
#\OK,==^K@
K@
"~ Ja== H
== K
K^~Q @,H~yOK(h\)
K=^x kOK
HzK~
Page30 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
868.
Distinguish
distinguished
distinguished
869.
Distort
distorted
Distorted
870.
Distribute
distributed
Distributed
871.
Disturb
disturbed
Disturbed
872.
Disunite
disunited
Disunited
873.
Diverge
diverged
Diverged
874.
Divert
diverted
Diverted
875.
Divest
divested
Divested
876.
Divide
divided
Divided
877.
Divulge
divulged
Divulged
878.
Dodder
doddered
Doddered
879.
Dodge
dodged
dodged
880.
Doff
doffed
Doffed
881.
Dominate
dominated
Dominated
882.
Domineer
domineered
domineered
883.
Donate
donated
Donated
884.
Douse
doused
Doused
885.
Doze
dozed
Dozed
886.
Drag
dragged
Dragged
887.
Drain
drained
Drained
888.
Drawl
drawled
Drawled
889.
Dread
dreaded
Dreaded
890.
Dredge
dredged
Dredged
891.
Drench
drenched
Drenched
892.
Drift
drifted
Drifted
893.
Droop
drooped
Drooped
894.
Drown
drowned
Drowned
895.
Drowse
drowsed
Drowsed
896.
Dub
dubbed
Dubbed
897.
Duck
ducked
Ducked
898.
Dwindle
dwindled
Dwindled
Srinivasulu.jasti
^=# `
J=~= K
Oz @
P@OH~K
"~K
q_T=
=oOK
#~K
yOK, Oz@
|@ @,|~OQ~K
=}@
ÒKHx
Hx u~Q@
\Zu Q~qOK
Q$r=#= PtOK
JkH~=K~OK
KO^ ~K
K~
#,`Q@
Q@,D_@
ZO_"
n~= f =\_
_,cuKO^
K@
`_@,=OK@
h\ H@Hx =@
`=OK
h\ =xy Kx=
`y_
l_
=#Q@,=OK@
#y,`y=
Page31 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
899.
Dye
dyed
Dyed
900.
Earn
earned
Earned
901.
Eavesdrop
eavesdropped
eavesdropped
902.
Ebb
ebbed
Ebbed
903.
Economize
economized
economized
904.
Edify
edified
Edified
905.
Edit
editted
Editted
906.
Educate
educated
Educated
907.
Efface
effaced
Effaced
908.
Effervesee
efferveseed
efferveseed
909.
Effuse
effused
Effused
910.
Egg
egged
Egged
911.
Ejaculate
ejaculated
Ejaculated
912.
Eject
ejected
Ejected
913.
Elaborate
elaborated
Elaborated
914.
Elapse
elapsed
Elapsed
915.
Elate
elated
Elated
916.
Elect
elected
Elected
917.
Electroculate
electroculated
electroculated
918.
Elevate
elevated
Elevated
919.
Elicit
elicited
Elicited
920.
Eliminate
eliminated
Eliminated
921.
Elongate
elongated
Elongated
922.
Elope
eloped
Eloped
923.
Elucidate
elucidated
Elucidated
924.
Elude
eluded
Eluded
925.
Emaciate
emaciated
Emaciated
926.
Emanate
emanated
Emanated
927.
Emancipate
emancipated
emancipated
928.
Emasculate
emasculated
emasculated
929.
Embark
embarked
Embarked
Srinivasulu.jasti
~OQ "
O=kOK
OzLO_T q#@
=_=,WOH=
Y~ `yOK
*#= OKH#
=iOz KiOK
K^= KOK
=##O_T `_Tz"
OQ
qOK
~OK
P~=` `~Q =\_
|
|@ `
qiO*
H=Qu KO^
LOyOK
Z#H#
q^`"
"=K KO@
=## L`~K
|~K
`yOK
_TyOK
x` =i=@
q=iOK
ÒKH#
H$tOK
@@,K@
|O^q=HK
Z^=$+}=# H@@
F_ ZHOK
Page32 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
930.
Embarrass
embarrassed
embarrassed
931.
Embattle
embattled
Embattled
932.
Embed
embedded
Embedded
933.
Embellish
embellished
embellished
934.
Embezzle
embezzled
Embezzled
935.
Embitter
embittered
Embittered
936.
Emblazon
emblazoned
emblazoned
937.
Embody
embodied
Embodied
938.
Embolden
emboldened
emboldened
939.
Emboss
embossed
Embossed
940.
Embrace
embraced
Embraced
941.
Embroider
embroidered
embroidered
942.
Emerge
emerged
Emerged
943.
Emigrate
emigrated
Emigrated
944.
Emite
emited
Emited
945.
Emphasize
emphasized
emphasized
946.
Employ
employed
Employed
947.
Empower
empowered
empowered
948.
Emulate
emulated
Emulated
949.
Enable
enabled
Enabled
950.
Enact
enacted
Enacted
951.
Enamour
enamoured
Enamoured
952.
Encage
encaged
Encaged
953.
Encamp
encamped
Encamped
954.
Encase
encased
Encased
955.
Encash
encashed
Encashed
956.
Enchant
enchanted
Enchanted
957.
Encircle
encircled
Encircled
958.
Enclose
enclosed
Enclosed
959.
Encompass
encompassed
encompassed
960.
Encounter
encountered
encountered
Srinivasulu.jasti
H=~@
^ <= K
J=~@
JOHiOK
#qWz#^xx JiOK
^HeyOK
QQ $OQiOK
K~
^~=xK
JH~=O_#@ K@
HyeOKH#
Q_ @ "
`\# " =K
="
|@
<HKC
x xqOK
JkH~qK
\K
==~= HeyOK
K@= U~~K
PHeyO_
O[~= @
|K
=@
~H=Q =~@
=O`= OQ
K@H#@
K@Hx LO_
K@H#@
ZîOK,_H#
Page33 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
961.
Encourage
encouraged
encouraged
962.
Encroach
encroached
encroached
963.
Encumber
encumbered
encumbered
964.
Endanger
endangered
endangered
965.
Endear
endeared
Endeared
966.
Endeavour
endeavoured
endeavoured
967.
Endorse
endorsed
Endorsed
968.
Endow
endowed
Endowed
969.
Endure
endured
Endured
970.
Enervate
enervated
Enervated
971.
Enfeeble
enfeebled
Enfeebled
972.
Enfold
enfolded
Enfolded
973.
Enforce
enforced
Enforced
974.
Enfranchise
enfranchised
enfranchised
975.
Engage
engaged
Engaged
976.
Engender
engendered
engendered
977.
Engraft
engrafted
Engrafted
978.
Engrave
engraved
Engraved
979.
Engross
engrossed
Engrossed
980.
Engulf
engulfed
Engulfed
981.
Enhance
enhanced
Enhanced
982.
Enjoin
enjoined
Enjoined
983.
Enjoy
enjoyed
Enjoyed
984.
Enlarge
enlarged
Enlarged
985.
Enlighten
enlightened
enlightened
986.
Enlist
enlisted
Enlisted
987.
Enliven
enlivened
Enlivened
988.
Enmesh
enmeshed
Enmeshed
989.
Ennoble
ennobled
Ennobled
990.
Enquire
enquired
Enquired
991.
Enrage
enraged
Enraged
Srinivasulu.jasti
ÒK
PHqOK
JC` LO_
P^HeyOK
=Q#@ K
=@_
P"kOz O`H= K
P "~OK
OK,F^~H#
|#= K
|#~K
xH =_K
PK~}xH `K
~`WK
x xqOK
U~~K,\OK
K@JO@^~ "~HK@\OK@
z`= K@
^ JH~=` "
qOy"
JkH= K,OK
xqOK, P*OK
J#qOK
qiO*
+~K
*a` `~K
K~\OK
= zH#
QK
qKiOK
H
H=HeyOK
Page34 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
992.
Enrich
enriched
Enriched
993.
Enroll
enrolled
Enrolled
994.
Enslave
enslaved
Enslaved
995.
Ensnare
ensnared
Ensnared
996.
Ensue
ensued
Ensued
997.
Ensure
ensured
Ensured
998.
Entail
entailed
Entailed
999.
Entangle
entangled
Entangled
1000.
Enter
entered
Entered
1001.
Entertain
entertained
Entertained
1002.
Enthrall
enthralled
Enthralled
1003.
Enthrone
enthroned
Enthroned
1004.
Entice
enticed
Enticed
1005.
Entitle
entitled
Entitled
1006.
Entomb
entombed
Entombed
1007.
Entrain
entrained
Entrained
1008.
Entrap
entrapped
Entrapped
1009.
Entreat
entreated
Entreated
1010.
Entrench
entrenched
Entrenched
1011.
Entrust
entrusted
Entrusted
1012.
Entwine
entwined
Entwined
1013.
Enumerate
enumerated
enumerated
1014.
Enunciate
enunciated
Enunciated
1015.
Envelope
enveloped
Enveloped
1016.
Envenom
envenomed
envenomed
1017.
Envisage
envisaged
Envisaged
1018.
Epitomize
epitomized
Epitomized
1019.
Eqaualize
equalized
Equalized
1020.
Equip
equipped
Equipped
1021.
Eradicate
eradicated
Eradicated
1022.
Erase
erased
Erased
Srinivasulu.jasti
"~QQkQ K
*a` ~ K~
xQ K
= zH#
J#iOz =K
=K
#=H= WK
=O=~O~ O^@
z _@
"tOK
q<^
q<^~K
=## PHiOK
^q WK
PK =jHiOK
HeyOK
=k _@
~ Z@
z @@
=iOK
HO^H= `=@
XyOK
"e"
Hq=~= KC
LKiOK
=@
QQ OK@
=#` KK@
=~O= KC@
==Q K
<~K@
~=@
`_Tz"@
Page35 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
1023.
Err
erred
Erred
1024.
Erucate
erucated
Erucated
1025.
Erupt
erupted
Erupted
1026.
Escape
escaped
Escaped
1027.
Eschew
eschewed
Eschewed
1028.
Escort
escorted
Escorted
1029.
Espouse
espoused
Espoused
1030.
Espy
espied
Espied
1031.
Establish
established
Established
1032.
Esteem
esteemed
Esteemed
1033.
Estimate
estimated
Estimated
1034.
Estop
estopped
Estopped
1035.
Estrange
estranged
Estranged
1036.
Etch
etched
Etched
1037.
Eulogize
eulogized
Eulogized
1038.
Evacuate
evacuated
Evacuated
1039.
Evade
evaded
Evaded
1040.
Evaporate
evaporated
Evaporated
1041.
Evict
evicted
Evicted
1042.
Evince
evinced
Evinced
1043.
Evoke
evoked
Evoked
1044.
Evolve
evolved
Evolved
1045.
Exaggerate
exaggerated
exaggerated
1046.
Exalt
exalted
Exalted
1047.
Examine
examined
Examined
1048.
Exasperate
exasperated
exasperated
1049.
Excavate
excavated
Excavated
1050.
Excel
excelled
Excelled
1051.
Exchange
exchanged
Exchanged
1052.
Excite
excited
Excited
1053.
Exclaim
exclaimed
Exclaimed
Srinivasulu.jasti
~|_@
`#@
^^K
ÒKH#
^~=QLO_
`_Q"
q"=KH#
H#Q#
=OK
Q
QQ qOK
q= x~~OK
P@OH~K
`Q`
k` = K@
HiiO K@,Q_@
MmK,qiOK
ÒKH#,`Q
Pq~=@
|@ O,"_Q@
+=Q x~OK
eOK
x^#=Q =$kKO^
JuHQ KC@
Q=#=# LOK
sHOK,ijeOK
H=ÒK
`=@
qOz#,Z=Q=#
WzKH#
iH,L^H=ÒK
Q\Q HH"
Page36 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
1054.
Exclude
excluded
Excluded
1056.
Excommunicate.
excommunicated
excommunicated.
1057.
Excrete
excreted
Excreted
1058.
Exculpate
exculpated
Exculpated
1059.
Excuse
excused
Excused
1060.
Execute
executed
Executed
1061.
Exemplify
exemplified
Exemplified
1062.
Exempt
exempted
Exempted
1063.
Exercise
exercised
Exercised
1064.
Exceed
exceeded
Exceeded
1065.
Exert
exerted
Exerted
1066.
Exhale
exhaled
Exhaled
1067.
Exhaust
exhausted
Exhausted
1068.
Exhibit
exhibitted
Exhibitted
1069.
Exhilerate
exhilerated
Exhilerated
1070.
Exhile
exhiled
Exhiled
1071.
Exhort
exhorted
Exhorted
1072.
Exhume
exhumed
exhumed..
1073.
Exist
existed
Existed
1074.
Exonerate
exonerated
Exonerated
1075.
Exorcise
exorcised
Exorcised
1076.
Expand
expanded
Expanded
1077.
Expatiate
expatiated
Expatiated
1078.
Expect
expected
Expected
1079.
Expediate
expediated
Expediated
1080.
Expel
expelled
Expelled
1081.
Expiate
expiated
Expiated
1082.
Expire
expired
Expired
1083.
Explain
explained
Explained
1084.
Explode
exploded
Exploded
1085.
Exploid
exploided
Exploided
Srinivasulu.jasti
q#~OK,|+iOK
|+iOK,
=e#="eH O
x~~k Jx x~OK
=xOK,HqOK
Lif
L^~}` K
q#~OK
JOK
JuHqOK@
LyOK
|@ q_K
J@KO^
îOK
L`=\OK
^=#O_T "Q@
|kKC
_T# ^xx |@ f@
rqOz LO_
x~+x x~OK
^=#`
qiOK
qiOz=\_
Z^~KK
Ò^~@
"Q@,|@ `
i~=K
H==y
q=iOK
@
=Hi LyOK
Page37 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
1086.
Explore
explored
Explored
1087.
Export
exported
Exported
1088.
Expose
exposed
Exposed
1089.
Expostulate
expostulated
expostulated
1090.
Expound
expounded
Expounded
1091.
Express
expressed
Expressed
1092.
Expunge
expunged
Expunged
1093.
Exsiccate
exsiccated
Exsiccated
1094.
Extend
extended
Extended
1095.
Extenuate
extenuated
Extenuated
1096.
Exterminate
exterminated
exterminated
1097.
Extiguish
extiguished
extiguished
1098.
Extirpate
extirpated
Extirpated
1099.
Extol
extolled
Extolled
1100.
Extort
extorted
Extorted
1101.
Extract
extracted
Extracted
1102.
Extradiate
extradiated
Extradiated
1103.
Extricate
extricated
Extricated
1104.
Exude
exuded
Exuded
1105.
Exult
exulted
Exulted
1106.
Fabricate
fabricated
Fabricated
1107.
Facilitate
facilitated
Facilitated
1108.
Factorize
factorized
Factorized
1109.
Fade
faded
Faded
1110.
Fag
fagged
Fagged
1111.
Fail
failed
Failed
1112.
Falsify
falsified
Falsified
1113.
Falter
faltered
Faltered
1114.
Familiarize
familiarized
Familiarized
1115.
Famish
famished
Famished
1116.
Fascinate
fascinated
Fascinated
Srinivasulu.jasti
J<+OK,ijeOK
ZQ=u K
|~K
`x "kOK@
q=iOK
è*
H\",Ki"
ZO_@
qiOK,_TyOK
`yOK
<#= K
K~,P~
<#=K
Hx_,Q_
|=O`=Q QH#
|=O`=Q O^
<~ x JkH~ JyOK
q_TOK
qOK,H~@
[=O^@` O`+
O`+_
HeOK
`~= K
|==# H#Q#@
HOu #=Q
=K
=KO^=~ xK
q=Q
"KÒ` =~K
OHzOK
^Q~ = U~~K
_T LO_
"O *
Page38 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
1117.
Fast
fasted
Fasted
1118.
Fasten
fastened
Fastened
1119.
Fate
fated
Fated
1120.
Fatten
fattened
Fattened
1121.
Favour
favoured
Favoured
1122.
Fear
feared
Feared
1123.
Federate
federated
Federated
1124.
Feign
feigned
Feigned
1125.
Felicitate
felicitated
Felicitated
1126.
Ferment
fermented
Fermented
1127.
Fertilize
fertilized
Fertilized
1128.
Fetch
fetched
Fetched
1129.
Fidget
fidgetted
Fidgetted
1130.
Filch
filched
Filched
1131.
Fill
filled
Filled
1132.
Finish
finished
Finished
1133.
Fix
fixed
Fixed
1134.
Fizzle
fizzled
Fizzled
1135.
Flabbergast
flabbergasted
flabbergasted
1136.
Flatten
flattened
Flattened
1137.
Flatter
flattered
Flattered
1138.
Flaunt
flaunted
Flaunted
1139.
Fledge
fledged
Fledged
1140.
Fleer
fleered
Fleered
1141.
Flinch
flinched
Flinched
1142.
Flip
flipped
Flipped
1143.
Flirt
flirted
Flirted
1144.
Flit
flitted
Flitted
1145.
Float
floated
Floated
1146.
Flog
flogged
Flogged
1147.
Flop
flopped
Flopped
Srinivasulu.jasti
L"=O_@
|OkOK
qk,J^$+= HeyLO_
H= LO_
= K,PîOK
_
XH\Q K, U~
#\OK,[# K
Ja#OkOK
e"@
=~=O`=K
~ `K
K=Q u~Q@
ÔyeOK@
xO@
=yOK@
~~K
K=x |= K
P~=K
=K H`~K
== K
Q_@
_OaH= îOK@
~HO^@
ZQò K@
[OH"#Hn@
H ZQ~"@
*_TOK,qkeOK
`~# Zyi=@
`@
H~_` H@@
J[= <O^@
Page39 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
1148.
Flourish
flourished
Flourished
1149.
Flout
flouted
Flouted
1150.
Flow
flowed
Flowed
1151.
Fluctuate
fluctuated
Fluctuated
1152.
Flush
flushed
Flushed
1153.
Fluster
flustered
Flustered
1154.
Foin
foined
Foined
1155.
Foist
foisted
Foisted
1156.
Follow
followed
Followed
1157.
Foment
fomented
Fomented
1158.
Fondle
fondled
Fondled
1159.
Foozle
foozled
Foozled
1160.
Foredain
foredained
Foredained
1161.
Foreshadow
foreshadowed
foreshadowed
1162.
Forestall
forestalled
Forestalled
1163.
Forewarn
forewarned
Forewarned
1164.
Forfiet
forfieted
Forfieted
1165.
Forgather
forgathered
forgathered
1166.
Formulate
formulated
Formulated
1167.
Fortify
fortified
Fortified
1168.
Foster
fostered
Fostered
1169.
Found
founded
Founded
1170.
Frame
framed
Framed
1171.
Fraternize
fraternized
Fraternized
1172.
Frighten
frightened
Frightened
1173.
Frisk
frisked
Frisked
1174.
Fritter
frittered
Frittered
1175.
Frown
frowned
Frowned
1176.
Fructify
fructified
Fructified
1177.
Frustrate
frustrated
Frustrated
1178.
Fry
fried
Fried
Srinivasulu.jasti
Ja=$k KO^@
iOK,xOkOK
=OK@
=~@,xH_O_@
"Q=Q =OK
à|JQ@
Hu` _K@
KOK.xH ^~
J#iOK@
H_= K
eOK,=^_
xx =_K
=O^Q xqOK
=O^Q KiOK
=O^Q PHqOKH#
=O^Q KiHK
J^ =# #+_
="=Q
x~K#= KC
|~K
^` OK,+OK
=OK
U~~K
SH=Q LO_
@
^=_
HOKO HOKOQ =$^Q K
=Y= z\OK
=xK
H`~K
"~OK
Page40 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
1179.
Fulfil
fulfilled
Fulfilled
1180.
Fumble
fumbled
Fumbled
1181.
Fumigate
fumigated
Fumigated
1182.
Furbish
furbished
Furbished
1183.
Furl
furled
Furled
1184.
Furnish
furnished
Furnished
1185.
Fuse
fused
Fused
1186.
Gabble
gabbeld
Gabbled
1187.
Gallop
gallopped
Gallopped
1188.
Galop
galopped
Galopped
1189.
Galvanize
galvanized
Galvanized
1190.
Gamble
gambled
Gambled
1191.
Gambol
gambolled
Gambolled
1192.
Gape
gaped
Gaped
1193.
Garble
garbled
Garbled
1194.
Gargle
gargled
Gargled
1195.
Gasp
gasped
Gasped
1196.
Gather
gathered
Gathered
1197.
Gauge
gauged
Gauged
1198.
Gaze
gazed
Gazed
1199.
Generalize
generalized
Generalized
1200.
Generate
generated
Generated
1201.
Germinate
germinated
Germinated
1202.
Gesticulate
gesticulated
gesticulated
1203.
Gibber
gibbered
Gibbered
1204.
Giggle
giggled
Giggled
1205.
Glare
glared
Glared
1206.
Glaze
glazed
Glazed
1207.
Glide
glided
Glided
1208.
Glimmer
glimmered
Glimmered
1209.
Glisten
glistened
Glistened
Srinivasulu.jasti
<~"~@
à|Q@
Q" ~K
~k ``"i#@ K
K@@
J=~@
H~Q ,H~yOK@
=^~@, @
"Q=Q Q~== ~Q `@
<@=_@
q^` H yOK
E^=_@
QO` "@
P=eOK, <~ `~K
+"#^xx Z#H#@
HeOK@
H+= Q Ti =\_@
HiOK, =Q@
HK Hx x~~OK@
`~KK@
==#=Q qOz x~~OK
Lù K@
JOiOK,"H`
Ja#~OK
"Q=Q =\_@
==
#= #=@
H# K^~#@ "~@
J^= ayOK@
*~@, [~Q@
q}q} =#@
"~@, HtOK@
Page41 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
1210.
Glitter
glittered
Glittered
1211.
Gloat
gloated
Gloated
1212.
Glorify
glorified
Glorified
1213.
Glow
glowed
Glowed
1214.
Glut
glutted
Glutted
1215.
Goad
goaded
Goaded
1216.
Gobble
gobbled
Gobbled
1217.
Govern
governed
Governed
1218.
Grab
grabbed
Grabbed
1219.
Grant
granted
Granted
1220.
Grapple
grappled
Grappled
1221.
Grasp
grasped
Grasped
1222.
Gratify
gratified
Gratified
1223.
Graze
grazed
Grazed
1224.
Greet
greeted
Greeted
1225.
Grieve
grieved
Grieved
1226.
Grin
grinned
Grinned
1227.
Grip
gripped
Gripped
1228.
Groan
groaned
Groaned
1229.
Grope
groped
Groped
1230.
Grovel
grovelled
Grovelled
1231.
Growl
growled
Growled
1232.
Grudge
grudged
Grudged
1233.
Grumble
grumbled
Grumbled
1234.
Guard
guarded
Guarded
1235.
Guess
guessed
Guessed
1236.
Gulp
gulped
Gulped
1237.
Gurgle
gurgled
Gurgled
1238.
Gush
gushed
Gushed
1239.
Guzzle
guzzled
Guzzled
1240.
Habituate
habituated
Habituated
Srinivasulu.jasti
`` "~
"=` OÒK
Q_@
"Q, ^Q ^Q "~@
JkH P~qK
`~K@
Q@ Q@ qOQ
U@
OOKH#@
WK,^K
#Q_
JO^H#,QOK
O`+@
zH "@
=O^#= K@
qK~_@
WHeOz #=@
_THe aQ@
=@Q@
`_= H#@
=@,^Q_
@,^Q_@
Q~H@@
W+= H Q}Q H#@
}Q@
H=_,~HOK
TOK
Q@# qOQ
HQ |= K
"Q=Q qOK@
PQ lOK
J"@_
Page42 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
1241.
Hack
hacked
Hacked
1242.
Haggle
haggled
Haggled
1243.
Halt
halted
Halted
1244.
Halve
halved
Halved
1245.
Hamper
hampered
Hampered
1246.
Handle
handled
Handled
1247.
Hanker
hankered
Hankered
1248.
Happen
happened
Happened
1249.
Harass
harassed
Harassed
1250.
Harden
hardened
Hardened
1251.
Hark
harked
Harked
1252.
Harmonize
harmonized
harmonized
1253.
Hasten
hastened
Hastened
1254.
Hate
hated
Hated
1255.
Haunt
haunted
Haunted
1256.
Heal
healed
Healed
1257.
Hear
heard
Heard
1258.
Hearken
hearkened
Hearkened
1259.
Hearten
heartened
Heartened
1260.
Heckle
heckled
Heckled
1261.
Heighten
heightened
Heightened
1262.
Help
helped
Helped
1263.
Hesitate
hesitated
Hesitated
1264.
Higgle
higgled
Higgled
1265.
Hike
hiked
Hiked
1266.
Hinder
hindered
Hindered
1267.
Hint
hinted
Hinted
1268.
Hire
hired
Hired
1269.
Hiss
hissed
Hissed
1270.
Hobnob
hobnobbed
Hobnobbed
1271.
Hoist
hoisted
Hoisted
Srinivasulu.jasti
=H =HQ #~
=# @^ K
x
~O_ =Q= K
P@OH= HeyOK
`, LyOK
J`_
OqOK
Ò^~@, kOK
Hi#= K
^Q q#
OkH ~K
`~ ~K
^+OK
OKiOK
~K,QK
q#@
PHOK
L`~K
L<x J_ "
Z` K
= K
OÔK, "#H_
# ~=_
"Q=Q #_K
P@OH~K
zOK
J^ fH#
|H@
H " LO_
H`
Page43 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
1272.
Hoodwink
hoodwinked
hoodwinked
1273.
Hop
hopped
Hopped
1274.
Horrify
horrified
Horrified
1275.
Howl
howled
Howled
1276.
Huddle
huddled
Huddled
1277.
Hug
hugged
Hugged
1278.
Hum
hummed
Hummed
1279.
Humanize
humanized
Humanized
1280.
Hunt
hunted
Hunted
1281.
Hurl
hurled
Hurled
1282.
Hustle
hustled
Hustled
1283.
Hypothecate
hypothecated
hypothecated
1284.
Hypothesize
hypothesized
hypothesized
1285.
Identify
identified
Identified
1286.
Ignite
ignited
Ignited
1287.
Ignore
ignored
Ignored
1288.
Illtreat
illtreated
Illtreated
1289.
Illuminate
illuminated
Illuminated
1290.
Illustrate
illustrated
Illustrated
1291.
Imagine
imagined
Imagined
1292.
Imbibe
imbibed
Imbibed
1293.
Imbue
imbued
Imbued
1294.
Imitate
imitated
Imitated
1295.
Immerse
immersed
Immersed
1296.
Immigrate
immigrated
Immigrated
1297.
Immolate
immolated
Immolated
1298.
Impair
impaired
Impaired
1299.
Impale
impaled
Impaled
1300.
Impart
imparted
Imparted
1301.
Impawn
impawned
Impawned
1302.
Impeach
impeached
Impeached
Srinivasulu.jasti
H# =
XO\ He g^ #_K
@
J~K,U
QO^~Q = K
HyeOKH#
~OH~= K
=#=`= HeyO_
"\_
îOK,qi"
|=O`=Q `
^=,`H@@
TOKH#
QiOKH#
H,xC~Q
JH= K
x~^~} K
"`~ HeyO_
LîOK
TOK
QOK
=## <@#@ K
J#HiOK
=OK
q^=# =z x=tOK
|eWK, KO
|#~K
=# kOz KO
kOK
`H@, ^=
<~= "
Page44 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
1303.
Impede
impeded
Impeded
1304.
Impel
impelled
Impelled
1305.
Imperil
imperilled
Imperilled
1306.
Impersonate
impersonated
impersonated
1307.
Impinge
impinged
Impinged
1308.
Implant
implanted
Implanted
1309.
Implicate
implicated
Implicated
1310.
Imply
implied
Implied
1311.
Import
imported
Imported
1312.
Importune
importuned
Importuned
1313.
Impose
imposed
Imposed
1314.
Impoverish
impoverished
impoverished
1315.
Imprecate
imprecated
Imprecated
1316.
Impress
impressed
Impressed
1317.
Imprint
imprinted
Imprinted
1318.
Imprison
imprisoned
Imprisoned
1319.
Impute
imputed
Imputed
1320.
Inaugurate
inaugurated
inaugurated
1321.
Incancerate
incancerated
incancerated
1322.
Incapacitate
incapacitated
incapacitated
1323.
Incarnate
incarnated
Incarnated
1324.
Incinerate
incinerated
Incinerated
1325.
Incite
incited
Incited
1326.
Incline
inclined
Inclined
1327.
Include
included
Included
1328.
Incorporate
incorporated
1329.
Increase
increased
incorporated
increased
1330.
Incubate
incubated
Incubated
P@OH~K@
ÒK, ~OK
J== HeyOK
#\OK(XHi |^ "~H~)
`, "^
KQ <@H#, `Q =`@
z~K
zOK
kQ=u K
=~ ^^ J_Q
qkOK
H}OK
OK
=# =^"
=# <@
K~= |OkOK
P~OK
=~OaOK,
K~ LOK
xH ~O_ K
~qK
|_T^ J~=
iH
"@,
"@, =OQ@
HH#
H
OK, =$k Q
Q_ ^Q
1331.
Inculcate
inculcated
Inculcated
kOK, =## <@H##@
1332.
Incur
incurred
Incurred
1333.
Indemnify
indemnified
indemnified
Srinivasulu.jasti
_, O^
#+=# H\~K
Page45 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
1334.
Indent
indented
Indented
1335.
Indicate
indicated
Indicated
1336.
Indict
indicted
Indicted
1337.
Induce
induced
Induced
1338.
Indulge
indulged
Indulged
1339.
Industrialize
industrialized
industrialized
1340.
Infect
infected
Infected
1341.
Infest
infested
Infested
1342.
Infiltrate
infiltrated
Infiltrated
1343.
Inflame
inflamed
Inflamed
1344.
Inflate
inflated
Inflated
1345.
Inform
informed
Informed
1346.
Infringe
infringed
Infringed
1347.
Infuriate
infuriated
Infuriated
1348.
Infuse
infused
Infused
1349.
Inhale
inhaled
Inhaled
1350.
Inherit
inheritted
Inheritted
1351.
Inhibit
inhibitted
Inhibitted
1352.
Initiate
initiated
Initiated
1353.
Inject
injected
Injected
1354.
Injure
injured
Injured
1355.
Inquire
inquired
Inquired
1356.
Inscribe
inscribed
Inscribed
1357.
Insert
inserted
Inserted
1358.
Insist
insisted
Insisted
1359.
Inspect
inspected
Inspected
1360.
Inspire
inspired
Inspired
1361.
Install
installed
Installed
1362.
Instigate
instigated
Instigated
1363.
Instil
instilled
Instilled
1364.
Institute
instituted
Instituted
Srinivasulu.jasti
= q_K
zOK
<~= "
~OK
|=u WK
i=` xO
~Q=# JO\OK
L^== K
=_
=O@@,H
QexO, T^
è*
JuHqOK, g~@
H==K#@ K
~OK
Ti
"~` =Q O^
P, P@OH~K
P~OaOK
HHOK
xK, K~ K
qKiOK
#= edOK
xH ^
x~O^ ~K
`xv K
Qex xH
LOK, =OK
iQ
=## <H
U~@K
Page46 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
1365.
Instruct
instructed
Instructed
1366.
Insure
insured
Insured
1367.
Integrate
integrated
Integrated
1368.
Intend
intended
Intended
1369.
Intercede
interceded
Interceded
1370.
Interchange
interchanged
interchanged
1371.
Interefere
interefered
Interefered
1372.
Interject
interjected
Interjected
1373.
Interlace
interlaced
Interlaced
<~,L^tOK
c=K
XH\Q K
`K, L^tOK
ìOK
~ ~= =~H#
#_= "tOK
#_= q~
J@
1374.
Interleave
interleaved
Interleaved
@ =^ Mm =^ @
1375.
Intermingle
intermingled
intermingled
1376.
Intern
interned
Interned
1377.
Internationalise
internationalised
internationalised
1378.
Interpose
interposed
interposed
1379.
Interpret
interpreted
interpreted
1380.
Interrogate
interrogated
interrogated
1381.
Interrupt
interrupted
interrupted
1382.
Intersect
intersected
intersected
1383.
Intersperse
interspersed
interspersed
1384.
Intervene
intervened
intervened
1385.
Intimidate
intimidated
intimidated
1386.
Intoxicate
intoxicated
intoxicated
1387.
Introduce
introduced
introduced
1388.
Intrust
intrusted
Intrusted
1389.
Inundate
inundated
Inundated
1390.
Inure
inured
Inured
1391.
Invade
invaded
Invaded
1392.
Invalidate
invalidated
invalidated
1393.
Invent
invented
Invented
1394.
Invert
inverted
Inverted
1395.
Investigate
investigated
investigated
Srinivasulu.jasti
H "
K~ LOK
qq^ *` O~H} Qx=
#_= LOK
J~= KC
tOK
J_H#
~O_Q H
H@
JK@K@ LOK
#_= =K
@
`Q#@ K
iK= K
K~|_
XyOK
=OK
J"@ ~K
Ô_`
KO_#@ K
#`#=Q H#Q#
`HO^ K
Page47 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
1396.
Invigorate
invigorated
invigorated
1397.
Invite
invited
Invited
1398.
Invoke
invoked
Invoked
1399.
Involve
involved
involved...
1400.
Irradiate
irradiated
Irradiated
1401.
Irrigate
irrigated
Irrigated
1402.
Isolate
isolated
Isolated
*Q`Q ijeOK
PxOK
L`=# HeyOK
^=x OH~ =iOK
z @
HtOK
"~Q LOK, `HOK
1403.
Itenerate
itenerated
Itenerated
XHK@#Oz "~H K@H }OK
1404.
Iterate
iterated
Iterated
1405.
Jabber
jabbered
Jabbered
1406.
Jade
jaded
Jaded
1407.
Jam
jammed
Jammed
1408.
Jeer
jeered
Jeered
1409.
Jeopardize
jeopardized
jeopardized
1410.
Jettison
jettisoned
Jettisoned
1411.
Jingle
jingled
Jingled
1412.
Jog
jogged
Jogged
1413.
Joggle
joggled
Joggled
1414.
Join
joined
Joined
1415.
Joint
jointed
Jointed
1416.
Jolt
jolted
Jolted
1417.
Jostle
jostled
Jostled
1418.
Jubilate
jubilated
Jubilated
1419.
Juggle
juggled
Juggled
1420.
Jugulate
jugulated
Jugulated
1421.
Jumble
jumbled
Jumbled
1422.
Jump
jumped
Jumped
1423.
Justify
justified
Justified
1424.
Kick
kicked
Kicked
=~ KC@
xH~x =@_
J@ HeyOK
J}K, W~ JQ
iOK
J==# P=^#= K
qi", `
`
Q}Q}^x HeyOK
HOKO HkeOK
H^, ^
[`K
O^# K~
keOK
|_, `
O`+= "e|K
Q~_ K
"kx O
`~=~ KK
^@@, ^=@
<=x |A= K
`#@
1425.
Kidnap
kidnapped
kidnapped
|`~=Q =#+# Qx=
1426.
Kill
killed
Killed
KO@
Srinivasulu.jasti
Page48 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
1427.
Kindle
kindled
Kindled
1428.
Kiss
kissed
Kissed
1429.
Knead
kneaded
Kneaded
1430.
Knock
knocked
Knocked
1431.
Lack
lacked
Lacked
1432.
Lag
lagged
Lagged
1433.
Lament
lamented
Lamented
1434.
Land
landed
Landed
1435.
Languish
languished
languished
1436.
Laud
lauded
Lauded
1437.
Laugh
laughed
Laughed
1438.
Launch
launched
Launched
1439.
Launder
laundered
Laundered
1440.
Legalize
legalized
Legalized
1441.
legislate
legislated
Legislated
1442.
Lengthen
lengthened
lengthened
1443.
Lessen
lessened
Lessened
1444.
Levigate
levigated
Levigated
1445.
Levitate
levitated
Levitated
1446.
Levy
levied
Levied
1447.
Liberate
liberated
Liberated
1448.
Lick
licked
Licked
1449.
Lift
lifted
Lifted
1450.
Lighten
lightened
Lightened
1451.
Liken
likened
Likened
1452.
Limp
limped
Limped
1453.
Linger
lingered
Lingered
1454.
Liquefy
liquefied
Liquefied
1455.
Liquidate
liquidated
Liquidated
1456.
Lisp
lisped
Lisped
1457.
Listen
listened
Listened
Srinivasulu.jasti
Z`Hx=
=^ @H#
h~
`@@
H~=Q LO_
"#H|_
U_
kQ, f~= K~
H}OK, |#_
uOK
#=
h\ `
LuH K= K
K@ H~=
K@= ~~K
_TyOK, x_Tq OK
`Q, `yOK,
_TK
H Zyi Qe u~Q
qkOK
q_TOK
Q`,<H
,<H` <
H`
~=# `yOK

O@K #_K
P= K
^= ~K
="
z# = #OyQ =\_@
^Q q#
Page49 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
1458.
Litigate
litigated
Litigated
1459.
Live
lived
Lived
1460.
Loathe
loathed
Loathed
1461.
Lob
lobed
Lobed
1462.
Localize
localized
Localized
1463.
Locate
located
Located
1464.
Loiter
loitered
Loitered
1465.
Loll
lolled
Lolled
1466.
Loosen
loosened
Loosened
1467.
Loot
looted
Looted
1468.
Lop
lopped
Lopped
1469.
Lounge
lounged
Lounged
1470.
Lubricate
lubricated
Lubricated
1471.
Lull
lulled
Lulled
1472.
Lurk
lurked
Lurked
1473.
Lynch
lynched
Lynched
1474.
Macerate
macerated
macerated
"[=_, ~^ K
=tOK
J"_
H ZQ~#@, H@
XHK@ ~~K
=# H#Q#
=iQ u~Q
"_
_eOK
^KH#
H=# #~
=iQ u~Q
#< \OK
*=_T x^K
OzO_, #
qK~} KH KO
<#" "`|_#@ K
1475.
Mechanize
mechanized
mechanized
O` xx x~OK
1476.
Mechinate
mechinated
mechinated
1478.
Madden
maddened
maddened
1479.
Magnetize
magnetized
magnetized
1480.
Magnify
magnified
Magnified
1481.
Magpie
magpied
Magpied
1482.
Maim
maimed
Maimed
1483.
Maintain
maintained
maintained
1484.
Malign
maligned
Maligned
1485.
Malinger
malingered
malingered
1486.
Maltreat
maltreated
maltreated
1487.
Manage
managed
Managed
1488.
Manhandle
manhandled
manhandled
1489.
Manipulate
manipulated
manipulated
Srinivasulu.jasti
@#
"i ZuOK
PHiOK
QK
Z= J~z Ji K
Q~K
x~OK
^+K~= K
J<~Q= #\OK
U~=Q KK, xOkOK
[iOK, #_TOK
=#+ Hx yOK@
<~` xK
Page50 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
1490.
March
marched
marched
1491.
Maroon
marooned
Marooned
1492.
Marry
married
Married
1493.
Masticate
masticated
masticated
1494.
Materialize
materialized
materialized
1495.
Maturate
maturated
Maturated
1496.
Maul
mauled
Mauled
1497.
Maunder
maundered
maundered
1498.
Meddle
meddled
Meddled
1499.
Mediate
mediated
Mediated
1500.
Memorize
memorized
memorized
1501.
Mend
mended
Mended
1502.
Mention
mentioned
mentioned
1503.
Merge
merged
Merged
1504.
Militate
militated
Militated
1505.
Mince
minced
Minced
1506.
Mingle
mingled
Mingled
1507.
Minimize
minimized
Minimized
1508.
Misapprehend
misapprehended
misapprehended
H==Q #_K@
=^= H nq =O^ =^@
q"=_
#qe #qe u#
x[= K
iH`# K
Q~K
JH=Q =iOK
J#=~~=Q
=Q "tOK
=^= K
HO~=~= K
iK
zOK
XH\ K
ZîOz xK
=H =HQ #~
He, H
`yOK,z#k K
J=~= K
1509.
Misappropriate.
misappropriated
misappropriated
JH==Q LyOK
1510.
Misbehave
misbehaved
misbehaved
1511.
Misconceive
misconceived
misconceived
1512.
Misconstrue
misconstrued
misconstrued
1513.
Misgovern
misgoverned
misgoverned
1514.
Misguide
misguided
misguided
1515.
Misinform
misinformed
misinformed
1516.
Misinterpret
misinterpretted
misinterpretted
1517.
Mismanage
mismanaged
mismanaged
1518.
Misplace
misplaced
Misplaced
1519.
Mispronounce
mispronounced
mispronounced
1520.
Misrepresent
misrepresented
misrepresented
Srinivasulu.jasti
`CQ #_KH#
~=@ ÒK
`CJ~= KH#
^+i=# K
`Cî @
x[=Hx =K~= KC
`CJ~= KH#
`CQ x~OK@
`Qx K@ LOK
`CQ LKiOK@
K_ Ja==xK
Page51 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
1521.
Misrule
misruled
Misruled
1522.
Miss
missed
Missed
1523.
Mistrust
mistrusted
mistrusted
1524.
Misuse
misused
Misused
1525.
Mitigate
mitigated
Mitigated
1526.
Mix
mixed
Mixed
1527.
Moan
moaned
Moaned
1528.
Mobilize
mobilized
Mobilized
1529.
Mock
mocked
Mocked
1530.
Modify
modified
Modified
1531.
Modulate
modulated
modulated
1532.
Moister
moistered
Moistered
1533.
Molest
molested
Molested
1534.
Mollify
mollified
Mollified
1535.
Monopolize
monopolized
monopolized
1536.
Mortify
mortified
Mortified
1537.
Mould
moulded
Moulded
1538.
Moult
moulted
Moulted
1539.
Mourn
mourned
Mourned
1540.
Move
moved
Moved
1541.
Moffle
moffled
Moffled
1542.
Multiply
multiplied
Multiplied
1543.
Mumble
mumbled
Mumbled
1544.
Munch
munched
Munched
1545.
Murmur
murmured
Murmured
1546.
Muster
mustered
Mustered
1547.
Mutilate
mutilated
Mutilated
1548.
Mutter
muttered
Muttered
1549.
Mystify
mystified
Mystified
1550.
Narrate
narrated
Narrated
1551.
Nationalize
nationalized
nationalized
Srinivasulu.jasti
JH==Q =eOK
JO^HH=,Qi`C
#=HO_
îxQ~K
`=K
H
"Q U_
`~ K
iOK
=~,`yOK
H=~K.iK
`_,`_TK
^@
O`~K
=n#= KH#
f=x==K =~KH#
`,~=xK
~H# ~
HOK,^dOK
H^
KeH HCH#
OK,=$k K
Q}Q@,}Q
Q}Q@
U_, K~
"O_TK
Q}Q@
èO_#@ K
q=iOz KC
` P^~} `K@
Page52 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
1552.
Naturalize
naturalized
naturalized
1553.
Nauseate
nauseated
Nauseated
1554.
Navigate
navigated
Navigated
1555.
Necessitate
necessitated
necessitated
1556.
Neglect
neglected
Neglected
1557.
Negotiate
negotiated
negotiated
1558.
Neigh
neighed
Neighed
1559.
Nestle
nestled
Nestled
1560.
Nibble
nibbled
Nibbled
1561.
Nictale
nictaled
Nictaled
1562.
Niggle
niggled
Niggled
1563.
Nip
nipped
Nipped
1564.
Nod
nodded
Nodded
1565.
Nominate
nominated
nominated
1566.
Notify
notified
Notified
1567.
Nourish
nourished
Nourished
1568.
Nudge
nudged
Nudged
1569.
Nullify
nillified
Nullified
1570.
Nuzzle
nuzzled
Nuzzled
1571.
Obey
obeyed
Obeyed
1572.
Oblige
obliged
Obliged
1573.
Obliterate
obliterated
obliterated
1574.
Obsess
obsessed
Obsessed
1575.
Obstracize
obstracized
obstracized
1576.
Obstruct
obstructed
obstructed
1577.
Obtain
obtained
Obtained
1578.
Obtiate
obtiated
Obtiated
1579.
Occupy
occupied
Occupied
1580.
Occur
occurred
Occurred
1581.
Offend
offended
Offended
1582.
Offer
offered
Offered
Srinivasulu.jasti
~` # HQ*
J= \OK
=^ #= K
J=~= HQK
JH= K
~ ~ U~@ `K@
HeOK
~ O^,$^=# `H#
HOKO HOKO HiH u#@
H#~ "
H= Q_(J#=~~=Q)
ye"
`= J#=uxK@
xqOK
è ~K
JxUi OK, +OK
"Ku` `
KxkQ K, ~^K
= J^=
q^`Q #_KH#
|^_ O_@
`_Tz"
Z==<"^# HeyOK
^=#O_T |+iOK
P@OH= K
O^@
x"iOK@
PHqOK@
OqOK@
H= HeyOK@
WK
Page53 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
1583.
Officiate
officiated
Officiated
1584.
Omit
omitted
Omitted
1585.
Ooze
oozed
Oozed
1586.
Open
opened
Opened
1587.
Operate
operated
Operated
1588.
Opine
opined
Opined
1589.
Oppose
opposed
Opposed
1590.
Ordain
ordained
Ordained
1591.
Organize
organized
Organized
1592.
Originate
originated
Originated
1593.
Orcilliate
orcilliated
Orcilliated
1594.
Oscilliate
oscilliated
Oscilliated
1595.
Oust
ousted
Ousted
1596.
Outlive
outlived
Outlived
1597.
Overact
overacted
Overacted
1598.
Overawe
overawed
Overawed
1599.
Overcrowd
overcrowded
overcrowded
1600.
Overflow
overflowed
overflowed
1601.
Overhang
overhanged
overhanged
1602.
Overhawl
overhawled
overhawled
1603.
Overload
overloaded
overloaded
1604.
Overlook
overlooked
overlooked
1605.
Overpower
overpowered
overpowered
1606.
Overrule
overruled
Overruled
1607.
Overstay
overstayed
overstayed
1608.
Overturn
overturned
overturned
1609.
Overwhelm
overwhelmed
overwhelmed
1610.
Overwork
overworked
overworked
1611.
Owe
owed
Owed
1612.
Pacify
pacified
Pacified
1613.
Paddle
paddled
Paddled
Srinivasulu.jasti
H~=# [~H#@
q_Tz@,=ke@
H~@
`~K@
#_TO K@
ÒK,qOK
ZîOz xK@
J}K@,H+@
xqOK@
U~@K,x~OK@
\OK@
T@
`yOK@
z~=~Q LO_
Jq`=Q QO H@@
@
qugi QO U_
i =OK
OqOK
iQ =~=` K
qugi |~"HOK
HqOz q_K@
q[= O^
O^@
~^K
xs` H=# qOz O_
`HO^Q K
#QQ\ =_K
JkH H= x K
JC_T LO_
=^# ~K@
_=# #_@
Page54 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
1614.
Palliate
palliated
Palliated
1615.
Palpitate
palpitated
Palpitated
1616.
Pamper
pampered
Pampered
1617.
Pander
pandered
Pandered
1618.
Paralyse
paralysed
Paralysed
1619.
Parboil
parboiled
Parboiled
1620.
Parch
parched
Parched
1621.
Pardon
pardoned
Pardoned
1622.
Parry
parried
Parried
1623.
Parse
parsed
Parsed
1624.
Participate
participated
participated
1625.
Particularize
particularized
particularized
1626.
Pass
passed
Passed
1627.
Patronize
patronized
patronized
1628.
Pave
paved
Paved
1629.
Peddle
peddled
Peddled
1630.
Peel
peeled
Peeled
1631.
Peep
peeped
Peeped
1632.
Pelt
pelted
Pelted
1633.
Penalize
penalized
Penalized
1634.
Penetrate
penetrated
penetrated
1635.
Perambulate
perambulated
perambulated
1636.
Perceive
perceived
Perceived
1637.
Perch
perched
Perched
1638.
Percolate
percolated
percolated
1639.
Perforate
perforated
Perforated
1640.
Perform
performed
Performed
1641.
Perish
perished
Perished
1642.
Perk
perked
Perked
1643.
Permeate
permeated
permeated
1644.
Permit
permitted
Permitted
Srinivasulu.jasti
L=#=
#= K@
H@H#@,J^~@
Ju ^` KK
HiH HQ K@
H"`=# ^_
`=Q L_THOK@
", ZO_@
HqOK, =xOK
ÒKH#@,P@OH~K@
qq^ Q
Q= q=iOK
=#
`HOz KC
^@@,Q_@
PîOK, ÒK
## ~K
z~ =~H= K
`=K
Òy KK
qi "
Ô_TOK@
xH ^~, QK
J@W@ OKiOK
KK, H#Q#
H U~#
_Q @
~O^= K
x~OK
KK, #tOK
`H Z`
KKH#, "OK@
J#=uOK@
Page55 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
1645.
Perorate
perorated
Perorated
1646.
Peroration
perorationed
perorationed
1647.
Perpetrate
perpetrated
perpetrated
1648.
Perpetuate
perpetuated
perpetuated
1649.
Perplex
perplexed
Perplexed
1650.
Persecute
persecuted
persecuted
1651.
Persevere
persevered
persevered
1652.
Persist
persisted
Persisted
1653.
Personate
perosonated
personated
1654.
Personify
personified
personified
1655.
Perspire
perspired
Perspired
1656.
Persuade
persuaded
persuaded
1657.
Pertain
pertained
Pertained
1658.
Perturb
perturbed
Perturbed
1659.
Peruse
perused
Perused
1660.
Pervade
pervaded
Pervaded
1661.
Pervert
perverted
Perverted
1662.
Pester
pestered
Pestered
1663.
Petrify
pertified
Petrified
1664.
Pick
picked
Picked
1665.
Pierce
pierced
Pierced
1666.
Pilfer
pilfered
Pilfered
1667.
Pinch
pinched
Pinched
1668.
Placate
placated
Placated
1669.
Plait
plaited
Plaited
1670.
Play
played
Played
1671.
Plead
pleaded
Pleaded
1672.
Please
pleased
Pleased
1673.
Pleck
plecked
Plecked
1674.
Plunge
plunged
Plunged
1675.
Pocket
pocketted
Pocketted
Srinivasulu.jasti
OyOK@
=yO =@ @
~=@ K
=~zO_#@ K
kQ= HeyOK, H=~_
kOK,H+@
`= q_=O_@
~= K, @@
XHxH |^ =iOK
=HQ =iOK@
K=@ @
=uOK
KOkO_
KeO K
^Q K^=
=
"OK
K_=~=# uC
Ò^~@, _TOK
tQ =~@
fH#,
#, Z#H#
_KHx =, QK
z#ÔQ`#= K
<,y
O`~K,F^~
=_`@, J@
P_,P@_,#\OK
=iOK
W+_,^K
T_n,~
=OK, =#Q
*| "H#
Page56 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
1676.
Poise
poised
Poised
1677.
Poke
poked
Poked
1678.
Polish
polished
Polished
1679.
Pollute
polluted
Polluted
1680.
Ponder
pondered
Pondered
1681.
Pooh-pooh
pooh-poohed
pooh-poohed
1682.
Popularize
popularized
popularized
1683.
Populate
populated
Populated
1684.
Portend
portended
Portended
1685.
Portray
portrayed
Portrayed
1686.
Possess
possessed
possessed
1687.
Postdate
postdated
Postdated
1688.
Postpone
postponed
postponed
1689.
Postulate
postulated
postulated
1690.
Pounce
pounced
Pounced
1691.
Pour
poured
Poured
1692.
Practise
practised
Practised
1693.
Praise
praised
Praised
1694.
Prattle
prattled
Prattled
1695.
Pray
prayed
Prayed
1696.
Preach
preached
Preached
1697.
Precede
preceded
Preceded
1698.
Preclude
precluded
Precluded
1699.
Preconceive
preconceived
preconceived
1700.
Predestine
predestined
predestined
1701.
Predict
predicted
Predicted
1702.
Predominate
predominated
predominated
1703.
Prefer
preferred
Preferred
1704.
Prefix
prefixed
Prefixed
1705.
Prejudge
prejudged
Prejudged
1706.
Premediate
premediated
premediated
Srinivasulu.jasti
i`y LO_
_K, ^~
"~QK,## K
Jq`= K
QQ PzOK
iOK
[<a=#= O^
x=tOK, H~= @
@
KiH K
@= w
HeyO_, J#qOK
~= `kx "
"~^ "
J_Q
L#@O_T |_
J= K
Ja
Ja#OkOK, Q_
t== @
=iOK
L^tOK
=OÔ_,=O^=
`yOK,ÒK
=O^Q Ja=_
=O^ f~#"#
*= KC
JkH~= K
=^#` WK
=O^Q K~@
=O^Q f~ x~~OKH#
=O^Q PzOK
PzOK
Page57 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
1707.
Preoccupy
preoccupied
preoccupied
1708.
Preordain
preordained
preordained
1709.
Prepare
prepared
Prepared
1710.
Preponderate
..preponderated
..preponderated
1711.
Prepossess
prepossessed
prepossessed
1712.
Prescribe
prescribed
prescribed
1713.
Preserve
preserved
Preserved
1714.
Preside
presided
Presided
1715.
Press
pressed
Pressed
1716.
Presume
presumed
Presumed
1717.
Pretend
pretended
Pretended
1718.
Prevail
prevailed
Prevailed
1719.
Prevent
prevented
Prevented
1720.
Prick
pricked
Pricked
1721.
Print
printed
Printed
1722.
Probe
probed
Probed
1723.
Proceed
proceeded
proceeded
1724.
Proclaim
proclaimed
proclaimed
1725.
Procrastinate
procrastinated
procrastinated
1726.
Procure
procured
Procured
1727.
Produce
produced
Produced
1728.
Profess
professed
Professed
1729.
Proffer
proffered
Proffered
1730.
Prohibit
prohibited
Prohibited
1731.
Project
projected
Projected
1732.
Prolong
prolonged
Prolonged
1733.
Promote
promoted
Promoted
1734.
Promulgate
promulgated
promulgated
1735.
Pronounce
pronounced
pronounced
1736.
Propagate
propagated
propagated
1737.
Prophesy
prophesied
prophesied
Srinivasulu.jasti
=O^Q PHqOK
=O^Q x~~OK
`~K
JkH=Q LO_
LO_
== Hey LO_
=O^ zOK
^~K,K_TO_ KK@
J^H` =
=OK
J}K,J^=
J#H#, TOK
#\OK
qHe JkH~= Hey LO_
P, x
QK,_K
JK"@, =kOK@
ijeOK,kOK
=O^ =@
H\OK
P= K
HiOK
Lù K
kOK
L^tOK,W==
x+kOK
HK
_TyOK
L#`^qx WK
H@# K
,LKiOK
K~= K
*= KC
Page58 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
1738.
Propitiate
propitiated
propitiated
1739.
Propose
proposed
Proposed
1740.
Propound
propounded
propounded
1741.
Prorogue
prorogued
prorogued
1742.
Proscribe
proscribed
proscribed
1743.
Prosecute
prosecuted
prosecuted
1744.
Proselyte
proselyted
proselyted
1745.
Prosper
prospered
Prospered
1746.
Prostrate
prostrated
Prostrated
1747.
Protect
protected
Protected
1748.
Protest
protested
Protested
1749.
Protract
protracted
Protracted
1750.
Protrude
protruded
Protruded
1751.
Provide
provided
Provided
1752.
Provoke
provoked
Provoked
1753.
Prowl
prowled
Prowled
1754.
Prune
pruned
Pruned
1755.
Pry
pried
Pried
1756.
Publish
published
Published
1757.
Pucker
puckered
Puckered
1758.
Plue
plued
Plued
1759.
Pull
pulled
Pulled
1760.
Pulsate
pulsated
Pulsated
1761.
Pulverize
pulverized
Pulverized
1762.
Punish
punished
Punished
1763.
Purchase
purchased
purchased
1764.
Purge
purged
Purged
1765.
Purify
purified
Purified
1766.
Purl
purled
Purled
1767.
Pursue
pursued
Pursued
1768.
Push
pushed
Pushed
Srinivasulu.jasti
=^#=K,OuK
u=kOK
~OK
`èH=Q "~^ "
|+iOK,x+kOK
"[= K@
=`=xH =~@
Ja=$k KO^
==OQ=Q #=
#=iOK
H=_,~HOK
PHOK,H^#@
P= K
=O^Q `
WK, J=~
H= \OK
P~=#H <=kQ =
H=# #~@
~=Q ÒyKK@
KiOK,H\OK
K@
#Q U_
Q@,D_@
QO_H@H#@
_TK@
tHOK
H#@
^= K
^= K
[[ ^x` =OK
"O|_TOK,J#iOK
`,<@
Page59 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
1769.
Putrefy
putrefied
Putrefied
1770.
Puzzle
puzzled
Puzzled
1771.
Quaff
quaffed
Quaffed
1772.
Quail
quailed
Quailed
1773.
Quake
quaked
Quaked
1774.
Qualify
qualified
Qualified
1775.
Quash
quashed
Quashed
1776.
Quaver
quavered
Quavered
1777.
Quell
quelled
Quelled
1778.
Quench
quenched
Quenched
1779.
Quicken
quickened
Quickened
1780.
Quit
quitted
Quitted
1781.
Quote
quoted
Quoted
1782.
Radiate
radiated
Radiated
1783.
Raise
raised
Raised
1784.
Rally
rallied
Rallied
1785.
Ramp
ramped
Ramped
1786.
Range
ranged
Ranged
1787.
Rankle
rankled
Rankled
1788.
Ransack
ransacked
Ransacked
1789.
Rape
raped
Raped
1790.
Ratify
ratified
Ratified
1791.
Rationalize
rationalized
rationalized
1792.
Rattle
rattled
Rattled
1793.
Rave
raved
Raved
1794.
Ravish
ravished
Ravished
1795.
Raze
razed
Razed
1796.
Reach
reached
Reached
1797.
React
reacted
Reacted
1798.
Readjust
readjusted
readjusted
1799.
Realize
realized
Realized
Srinivasulu.jasti
o=,K_T=
H=~ @
JkH=Q `Q
=}, _
=}, HOOK@
J~` O^@
KO_ K@
=}@
J}K@
^H f~
"Q=Q H^
=ê=@
LîOK
"`~ "OK
H`
U_n
H_
Qn~H#
P~
P~H=@
=# "^H KK
x K~K@
~~K
H~}=` q=iOK
QQ |= K
"iQ =\_@
HQ@,^KH#
<#= K
K~H#
|^K
=~ H== K
`H#
Page60 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
1800.
Reanimate
reanimated
reanimated
1801.
Reap
reaped
reaped
1802.
Rebel
rebelled
Rebelled
1803.
Rebound
rebounded
rebounded
1804.
Rebuff
rebuffed
Rebuffed
1805.
Rebuke
rebuked
Rebuked
1806.
Recall
recalled
Recalled
1807.
Recapitulate
recapitulated
recapitulated
1808.
Recapture
recaptured
recaptured
1809.
Recede
receded
Receded
1810.
Receive
received
Received
1811.
Reciprocate
reciprocated
reciprocated
1812.
Recite
recited
Recited
1813.
Reclaim
reclaimed
Reclaimed
1814.
Recline
reclined
Reclined
1815.
Recognize
recognized
recognized
1816.
Recoil
recoiled
Recoiled
1817.
Recollect
recollected
recollected
1818.
Recommend
recommended
recommended
1819.
Recompense
recompensed
recompensed
1820.
Reconcile
reconciled
reconciled
1821.
Recondition
reconditioned
reconditioned
1822.
Reconsider
reconsidered
reconsidered
1823.
Record
recorded
Recorded
1824.
Recount
recounted
Recounted
1825.
Recoup
recouped
Recouped
1826.
Recover
recovered
Recovered
1827.
Rectify
rectified
Rectified
1828.
Recuterate
recuterated
recuterated
1829.
Redden
reddened
Reddened
1830.
Redeem
redeemed
Redeemed
Srinivasulu.jasti
#~r=#= K
O@H
`=# Z^
Z^~ u~Q
^=
J` x~HiOK
u@, YO_TOK
=~ K,[ K
=Y q+= =~ KC
=~ @H#
"#H =
JO^H#
WzKH#
XyOK
OiOK,QK
P#H#, |~=
`H#, Q~@
"#H=
*H= `KH#
=~ K
|^ KeOK
=^# ~K
uiy QK
=~ PzOK
"@
=~ HOK
s K, =~ O^@
=n#= KH#,uiyO^
ik^
=~ O^
Z~Q K
q_^ K, s K
Page61 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
1831.
Redress
redressed
Redressed
1832.
Reduce
reduced
Reduced
1833.
Reenforce
reenforced
reenforced
1834.
Refer
referred
Referred
1835.
Refine
refined
Refined
1836.
Refit
refitted
Refitted
1837.
Reflect
reflected
Reflected
1838.
Reform
reformed
Reformed
1839.
Refrain
refrained
Refrained
1840.
Refresh
refreshed
Refreshed
1841.
Refund
refunded
Refunded
1842.
Refuse
refused
Refused
1843.
Refute
refuted
Refuted
1844.
Regain
regained
Regained
1845.
Regard
regarded
Regarded
1846.
Regenerate
regenerated
regenerated
1847.
Regret
regretted
Regretted
1848.
Regularize
regularized
regularized
1849.
Regulate
regulated
Regulated
1850.
Rehabilitate
rehabilitated
rehabilitated...
1851.
Reimburse
reimbursed
reimbursed
1852.
Reincarnate
reincarnated
reincarnated
1853.
Reinforce
reinforced
Reinforced
1854.
Reinstate
reinstated
Reinstated
1855.
Reinterate
reinterated
reinterated
1856.
Reject
rejected
Rejected
1857.
Rejoice
rejoiced
Rejoiced
1858.
Rejoin
rejoined
Rejoined
1859.
Rejuvenate
rejuvenated
rejuvenated
1860.
Relapse
relapsed
Relapsed
1861.
Relate
related
Related
Srinivasulu.jasti
ik^, i~= K
`yOK
|~K
zOK
k K
Lz` su# ^ ~K
ueOK
O=~= K,Q
,Q~K@
Oy O_
L`~K
uiy ~K
u~iOK
`x x~OK
=~ O^
zOK, K
#~^~} K
`_
H=~K
iK, H=~K
~uH =~ `K
KeOz sK
#~xOK
|~K
~u @
<HKC
`
`"
O`+OK
uiy K~@
=#= HeyOK
"#HO["
q=iOK
q=iOK
Page62 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
1862.
Relax
relaxed
Relaxed
1863.
Release
released
Released
1864.
Relegate
relegated
Relegated
1865.
Relent
relented
Relented
1866.
Relieve
relieved
Relieved
1867.
Relinquish
relinquished
relinquished
1868.
Relish
relished
Relished
1869.
Remain
remained
Remained
1870.
Remand
remanded
Remanded
1871.
Remember
remembered
remembered
1872.
Remind
reminded
Reminded
1873.
Remit
remitted
Remitted
1874.
Remonstrate
remonstrated
remonstrated
1875.
Remove
removed
Removed
1876.
Remunerate
remunerated
remunerated
1877.
Render
rendered
Rendered
1878.
Renew
renewed
Renewed
1879.
Renounce
renounced
renounced
1880.
Renovate
renovated
Renovated
1881.
Reopen
reopened
Reopened
1882.
Repatriate
repatriated
repatriated
1883.
Repeal
repealed
Repealed
1884.
Repeat
repeated
Repeated
1885.
Repent
repented
Repented
1886.
Repine
repined
Repined
1887.
Replace
replaced
Replaced
1888.
Replinish
replinished
replinished
1889.
Reply
replied
Replied
1890.
Report
reported
Reported
1891.
Reprehend
reprehended
reprehended
1892.
Represent
represented
represented
Srinivasulu.jasti
KQv LO_, Hi#= `Q

q_TOK
"#H `,"#H\ uH O
Hi#= `yOKH#
L^Q O|OÔ q_^ K
q_Tz@
O`+_,J#qOK
qye O_
K~O^ LOK@
*H=OKH#
*H~K
HqOK
=u~H"Ô K
f", `yOK
xK"xH WK _|
J#=kOK
H`k K
q_Tz @
H`k K, =~ xiOK
=~ `~K
^=# =~ =K
~^ K
=~ KC H K
`_@
zOuOK@,^dOK@
=~ ^=#=# LOK@
iK, xO
|^ KC
~^ K
xOkOK,QkOK
zOK
Page63 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
1893.
Repress
repressed
Repressed
1894.
Reprieve
reprieved
Reprieved
1895.
Reproach
reproached
reproached
1896.
Reprobate
reprobated
reprobated
1897.
Reproduce
reproduced
reproduced
1898.
Reprove
reproved
Reproved
1899.
Repudiate
repudiated
repudiated
1900.
Repulse
repulsed
Repulsed
1901.
Repute
reputed
Reputed
1902.
Require
required
Required
1903.
Rescue
rescued
Rescued
1904.
Resemble
resembled
resembled
1905.
Resent
resented
Resented
1906.
Reserve
reserved
Reserved
1907.
Reside
resided
Resided
1908.
Resign
resigned
Resigned
1909.
Resile
resiled
Resiled
1910.
Resist
resisted
Resisted
1911.
Resolve
resolved
Resolved
1912.
Resort
resorted
Resorted
1913.
Resound
resounded
resounded
1914.
Respire
respired
1915.
Respond
responded
Respired
responded
1916.
Restore
restored
Restored
1917.
Restrain
restrained
Restrained
1918.
Restrict
restricted
Restricted
1919.
Resume
resumed
Resumed
1920.
Resurrect
resurrected
resurrected
1921.
Retail
retailed
Retailed
1922.
Retain
retained
Retained
1923.
Retaliate
retaliated
Retaliated
Srinivasulu.jasti
J}QQ@,J}K
tH#O_T `èH=Q q_^K
xOkOK, u@
=uOKO_@
#~ù K@
xOkOK, u@
PHOK, ^x KC
"#H `~=, x~HiOK
ÒK
H=# ^xx J_Q, H~@
q_TOK, H=_
, eH HeyO_
HOK,PQOK
xe @,^zO_
x=tOK, LO_
~r<= K@
=Q@
ZîOz xK,J_yOK
OK
f~xOK
~LO_@,P= H~@
u^xOK
tOK
|^
|êK,OkOK
uiy WK@
J_yOK@,J}K
H@@ K
uiy =~OaOK@
rqOK#@ K
z~Q qH~OK@
xe LOK, LOKH#@
|^H |êK, Z^~u~Q@
Page64 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
1924.
Retard
retarded
Retarded
1925.
Retire
retired
Retired
1926.
Retrace
retraced
Retraced
1927.
Retreat
retreated
Retreated
1928.
Retrench
retrenched
retrenched
1929.
Retrieve
retrieved
Retrieved
1930.
Return
returned
Returned
1931.
Reveal
revealed
Revealed
1932.
Revenge
revenged
Revenged
1933.
Reverse
reversed
Reversed
1934.
Revert
reverted
Reverted
1935.
Revile
reviled
1936.
Revise
revised
Reviled
revised
1937.
Revive
revived
Revived
1938.
Revoke
revoked
Revoked
1939.
Revolutionize
revolutionized
revolutionized
1940.
Revolve
revolved
Revolved
1941.
Reward
rewarded
Rewarded
1942.
Redicule
rediculed
Rediculed
1943.
Rinse
rinsed
Rinsed
1944.
Ripen
ripened
Ripened
1945.
Roam
roamed
Roamed
1946.
Roar
roared
Roared
1947.
Roast
roasted
Roasted
1948.
Rob
robbed
Robbed
1949.
Roll
rolled
Rolled
1950.
Rotate
rotated
Rotated
1951.
Rouse
roused
Roused
1952.
Rub
rubbed
Rubbed
1953.
Ruffle
ruffled
Ruffled
1954.
Ruminate
ruminated
Ruminated
Srinivasulu.jasti
"Q=# `yOK@
q~=} K
=@ `C@, K# ^xx ~^ K
"#H =@
`yOK@
=~ O=kOK
=~ WK, uiy =K
è *, |~OQ ~K
Qf~H#@
"#H =~, `HO^ K
"#H uC, O
u@, ^+OK
`Ck^, =~@
#~rqOK@
~^K@
q=H~ =~ K@
QO_=Q u~Q
|=#qK
ZQò, Q eK
QOA@
iH=Q@, O_TOK@
T~H u~Q@
QiOK@
H@
^KH#@
QO_=Q =OK
KH== u~Q
, "H
~^@
=_` _@
<=~ "@
Page65 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
1955.
Rummage
rummaged
rummaged
1956.
Rush
rushed
Rushed
1957.
Rustle
rustled
Rustled
1958.
Safeguard
safeguarded
safeguarded
1959.
Salute
saluted
Saluted
1960.
Salvage
salvaged
Salvaged
1961.
Sanctify
sanctified
Sanctified
1962.
Satiate
satiated
Satiated
1963.
Satisfy
satisfied
Satisfied
1964.
Saturate
saturated
Saturated
1965.
Saunter
sauntered
Sauntered
1966.
Save
saved
Saved
1967.
Scandalize
scandalized
scandalized
1968.
Scare
scared
Scared
1969.
Scatter
scattered
Scattered
1970.
Scoff
scoffed
Scoffed
1971.
Scold
scolded
Scolded
1972.
Scorch
scorched
Scorched
1973.
Scour
scoured
Scoured
1974.
Scramble
scrambled
scrambled
1975.
Scrape
scraped
Scraped
1976.
Scratch
scratched
Scratched
1977.
Scrawl
scrawled
Scrawled
1978.
Scream
screamed
Screamed
1979.
Screech
screeched
Screeched
1980.
Scrub
scrubed
Scrubed
1981.
Scrutinize
scrutinized
scrutinized
1982.
Scem
scemmed
Scemmed
1983.
Seclude
secluded
Secluded
1984.
Seem
seemed
Seemed
1985.
Seethe
seethed
Seethed
Srinivasulu.jasti
"^@
"Q=Q =@
^ ^x K@
~H} WK
#=iOK
~HOK, =~ O^
q`= K
`$ K
`$ ~K@
iQ `_
|^H=Q u~Q
H=_
^+OK, u@
~K
"^[
iOK
u@@, H~@
H@, =K"@
~k = K
=H Z@
Q@,w@,`~=@
wK@, yK@
=OH~Q "
"@
HH"@
aQ~Q HH"@
`_K@, `=@
"~Q LOK
^= K@
^~~= K@
JQ_@
H=~=Q LO_
Page66 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
1986.
Segregate
segregated
segregated
1987.
Seize
seized
Seized
1988.
Select
selected
Selected
1989.
Separate
separated
Separated
1990.
Sequester
sequestered
sequestered
1991.
Serve
served
Served
1992.
Settle
settled
Settled
1993.
Sever
severed
Severed
1994.
Sharpen
sharpened
sharpened
1995.
Sheathe
sheathed
Sheathed
1996.
Shift
shifted
Shifted
1997.
Shirk
shirked
Shirked
1998.
Shiver
shivered
Shivered
1999.
Shorten
shortened
Shortened
2000.
Shriek
shrieked
Shrieked
2001.
Shrivel
shrivelled
Shrivelled
2002.
Shudder
shuddered
shuddered
2003.
Shuffle
shuffled
Shuffled
2004.
Shunt
shunted
Shunted
2005.
Sicken
sickened
Sickened
2006.
Sift
sifted
Sifted
2007.
Signify
signified
Signified
2008.
Simmer
simmered
Simmered
2009.
Simplify
simlified
Simplified
2010.
Simulate
simulated
Simulated
2011.
Sip
sipped
Sipped
2012.
Skim
skimmed
Skimmed
2013.
Skip
skipped
Skipped
2014.
Slake
slaked
Slaked
2015.
Slant
slanted
Slanted
2016.
Slash
slashed
Slashed
Srinivasulu.jasti
"~Q LOK@
JiOK
iOK,@H#@
U~H#, Z#H#@
"~K@
== KH#
=K@
~_@,=^=i`= K@
`QÔK
^# @
X~ LOK
=~
"#HO["
=}@
kOK
HK=x J~K
"_T=, =_` _
LeH_
H D_Hx #_K
"~=~=# =~eOK
qQ` xO_T#
[eOK, "~K
QiOK
OQ
= K
J#HiOK
@
z@
Q O`@,^@@
`$~K
U@"Q =OK
#~@, z=@
Page67 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
2017.
Slip
slipped
Slipped
2018.
Slopper
sloppered
Sloppered
2019.
Slouch
slouched
Slouched
2020.
Smash
smashed
Smashed
2021.
Smatter
smattered
Smattered
2022.
Smear
smeared
Smeared
2023.
Smirch
smirched
Smirched
2024.
Smudge
smudged
Smudged
*~@, *~q_K@
<\#O_Th~ T~@
qH~=Q U~#, x|_
#QQ@, QQ@
J*#=` =^~@
@
HOH= K
=iH KH#
2025.
Smuggle
smuggled
Smuggled
#KeOH ~ fHx=
2026.
Snap
snapped
snapped
2027.
Snarl
snarled
snarled
2028.
Snatch
snatched
snatched
2029.
Sneer
sneered
sneered
2030.
Sneeze
sneezed
sneezed
2031.
Snift
snifted
snifted
2032.
Snipe
snipped
snipped
2033.
Snore
snored
snored
2034.
Soak
soaked
soaked
2035.
Soar
soared
soared
2036.
Sob
sobbed
sobbed
2037.
Soften
softened
softened
2038.
Solemnize
solemnized
solemnized
2039.
Solicite
solicited
solicited
2040.
Solidify
solidified
solidified
2041.
Solve
solved
solved
2042.
Soothe
soothed
soothed
2043.
Sow
sowed
sowed
2044.
Spare
spared
spared
2045.
Spatter
spattered
spattered
2046.
Specialize
specialized
specialized
2047.
Specify
specified
specified
Srinivasulu.jasti
K@# f, z~Q
H=` J~K
QH#
i= K
`=@
TiaQ@
^yO_T H
Q~H @
<#@@
qHe Z`Q K
ZHZH U_
=^#~K, "`H~K
q`= K
"_H#, =iOK
#~=# =K
f~, i+iOK
LqOK
q`#= K
qQ@
q~, [
`H ^ H
zOK
zOK
Page68 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
2048.
Speculate
speculated
speculated
2049.
Splutter
spluttered
spluttered
2050.
Spoonfeed
spoonfed
spoonfed
2051.
Sprinkle
sprinkled
sprinkled
2052.
Spurn
spurned
spurned
2053.
Squash
squashed
squashed
2054.
Squeal
squealed
squealed
2055.
Squeeze
squeezed
squeezed
2056.
Stab
stabbed
stabbed
2057.
Stabilize
stabilized
stabilized
2058.
Stagger
staggered
staggered
2059.
Stammer
stammered
stammered
2060.
Stamp
stamped
stamped
2061.
Stanch
stanched
stanched
2062.
Standardize
standardized
standardized
2063.
Stare
stared
stared
2064.
Start
started
started
2065.
Startle
startled
startled
2066.
Starve
starved
starved
2067.
Stay
stayed
stayed
2068.
Sterlize
sterlized
sterlized
2069.
Stiffen
stiffened
stiffened
2070.
Stiff
stiffed
stiffed
2071.
Stimulate
stimulated
stimulated
2072.
Stipulate
stipulated
stipulated
2073.
Stir
stirred
stirred
2074.
Stitch
stitched
stitched
2075.
Stoop
stooped
stooped
2076.
Stop
stopped
stopped
2077.
Stow
stowed
stowed
2078.
Straddle
straddled
straddled
Srinivasulu.jasti
PzOK
"Q=Q =\_
KOK` uxOK
zHiOK
x~HiOK
#QQ@
HK=x |= K
<O_
_K
~~KK
`` #_K
#uQ =\_
=^"@
H~K# <`~ x
XHf~# `K
ìKK
|^~
LeH_
O_
LO_
^= K
ayO K
Ti u~QO_ K
~, iH
X_O|_T
O|_TH K
H^,He@
@
=O^ =OQ
P@, J_yOK@
~,xO
OQH` #_K
Page69 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
2079.
Straggle
straggled
straggled
2080.
Straighten
straightened
straightened
2081.
Strain
strained
strained
2082.
Straiten
straitened
straitened
2083.
Strangle
strangled
strangled
2084.
Strengthen
strengthened
strengthened
2085.
Stretch
stretched
stretched
2086.
Strip
stripped
stripped
2087.
Stroll
strolled
2088.
Strum
strummed
strummed
2089.
Stumble
stumbled
stumbled
2090.
Stun
stunned
stunned
2091.
Stunt
stunted
stunted
2092.
Stupefy
stupefied
stupefied
2093.
Stutter
stuttered
stuttered
2094.
Subdue
subdued
subdued
2095.
Subjoin
subjoined
subjoined
2096.
Subjugate
subjugated
subjugated
2097.
Submerge
submerged
submerged
2098.
Submit
submitted
submitted
2099.
Subscribe
subscribed
subscribed
2100.
Subserve
subserved
subserved
2101.
Subside
subsided
subsided
2102.
Subsidize
subsidized
subsidized
2103.
Subsist
subsisted
subsisted
2104.
Substantiate
substantiated
substantiated
2105.
Substitute
substituted
substituted
2106.
Subtract
subtracted
subtracted
2107.
Subvert
subverted
subverted
2108.
Succumb
succumbed
succumbed
2109.
Suck
sucked
sucked
Srinivasulu.jasti
strolled
OKiOK
=OH~f
|=O`= yOK
W|Ok @
QO` H KO
|`= K
_QK
=ez "
fiHQ #_K
JH=Q "~OK
H*i_
qOK, =#_
Z^Q@
=#_ K
#uQ =\_
J}K,[~OK
U~
J}K, [~OK
=Oz", =xy=
XyOK
O`= K
=Q
Oy=
= H~ ^#qK
rqOK
x[~K,x~OK
|^Q LOK
f"
_`,K~K
|_, =~}OK

Page70 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
2110.
Suckle
suckled
suckled
2111.
Sue
sued
sued
2112.
Suffer
suffered
suffered
2113.
Suffocate
suffocated
suffocated
2114.
Suffuse
suffused
suffused
2115.
Suggest
suggested
suggested
2116.
Sully
sullied
sullied
2117.
Summarize
summarized
summarized
2118.
Summon
summoned
summoned
2119.
Sunder
sundered
sundered
2120.
Sup
supped
supped
2121.
Superintend
superintended
superintended
2122.
Supersede
superseded
superseded
2123.
Supervise
supervised
supervised
2124.
Supplant
supplanted
supplanted
2125.
Supply
supplied
supplied
2126.
Support
supported
supported
2127.
Suppose
supposed
suposed
2128.
Suppress
suppressed
suppressed
K#=eK
=iOK
J#qOK(^)
Tiu~QO_ K
HC =
zOK
=iH K
OQ=Q "
=#O
"~K
~u [#= K
JkH~O K
"~H =#=# =K
~"HOK
=#+xQ K
~~ WK
=^` WK
qOK, ÒK
J}z "
2129.
Surcharge
surcharged
surcharged
q`= qOz# |~= # "
2130.
Surfiet
surfieted
surfieted
2131.
Surmise
surmised
surmised
2132.
Surmount
surmounted
surmounted
2133.
Surpass
surpassed
surpassed
2134.
Surprise
surprised
surprised
2135.
Surrender
surrendered
surrendered
2136.
Surround
surrounded
surrounded
2137.
Survey
surveyed
surveyed
2138.
Survive
survived
survived
2139.
Suspect
suspected
suspected
2140.
Suspend
suspended
suspended
Srinivasulu.jasti
Jq`=Q lOK
qOK, ÒK
[~OK, Q K
Ju~OK,qOK
P~_
JyOK,Oy=
K@H#
HK, qK~}K
|uH O_T
J#=#_
HO`H= xe"
Page71 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
2141.
Sustain
sustained
sustained
2142.
Swallow
swallowed
swallowed
2143.
Sweeten
sweetened
sweetened
2144.
Swerve
swerved
swerved
2145.
Swindle
swindled
swindled
2146.
Swirl
swirled
swirled
2147.
Swoon
swooned
swooned
2148.
Swoop
swooped
swooped
2149.
Sympathize
sympathized
sympathized
2150.
Systematize
systematized
systematized
2151.
Tabulate
tabulated
tabulated
2152.
Tackle
tackled
tackled
2153.
Tag
tagged
tagged
2154.
Taint
tainted
tainted
2155.
Talk
talked
talked
2156.
Tally
tallyed
tallyed
2157.
Tantalize
tantalized
tantalized
2158.
Tattle
tattled
tattled
2159.
Taunt
taunted
taunted
2160.
Tax
taxed
taxed
2161.
Tease
teased
teased
2162.
Teem
teemed
teemed
2163.
Tempt
tempted
tempted
2164.
Terminate
terminated
terminated
2165.
Terrify
terrified
terrified
2166.
Terrorize
terrorized
terrorized
2167.
Testify
testified
testified
2168.
Thank
thanked
thanked
2169.
Thicken
thickened
thickened
2170.
Thrash
thrashed
thrashed
2171.
Threaten
threatened
threatened
Srinivasulu.jasti
x, iOK
qOQ
f"
KeOK, "#k~Q
=OzOK, "K
y~y~ u~Q
=i
~`Q |_
HxHiOK
H=~K
\Q "
=oOK, ~_
H@
HOH= HQ*
=\_
i_
OOK, "kOK
@,=^~@
xOkOK, ^_K@
#qkOK
kOK
xO_TO_
=## PHiOK
=yOK
~K
kiOK
=HqK
H$`*` `
zH~K
^#= #~
kiOK
Page72 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
2172.
Throttle
throttled
throttled
2173.
Thump
thumped
thumped
2174.
Thwart
thwarted
thwarted
2175.
Tickle
tickled
tickled
2176.
Tie
tied
tied
2177.
Tighten
tightened
tightened
2178.
Tilt
tilted
tilted
2179.
Tingle
tingled
tingled
2180.
Tinkle
tinkled
tinkled
2181.
Tipple
tippled
tippled
2182.
Tire
tired
tired
2183.
Toast
toasted
toasted
2184.
Toddle
toddled
toddled
2185.
Toil
toiled
toiled
2186.
Tolerate
tolerated
tolerated
2187.
Topple
toppled
toppled
2188.
Toss
tossed
tossed
2189.
Totter
tottered
tottered
2190.
Touch
touched
touched
2191.
Tow
towed
towed
2192.
Traduce
traduced
traduced
2193.
Tramp
tramped
tramped
2194.
Trample
trampled
trampled
2195.
Tranquilize
tranquilized
tranquilized
2196.
Transact
transacted
transacted
2197.
Transcribe
transcribed
transcribed
2198.
Transfer
transfered
transfered
2199.
Transform
transformed
transformed
QO`
Q^@, K~K@
P@OH= K
KHeyO`@
H@
ayOK
XH"# =OQ
L^H=
= HQ
Q}Q}=# |= K
=~~ `Q
J@ KO^
"_, H
TQK #_K
=@_
F~H#, OK
î_
<}= ZQ~"
P_, HOOK
`, iOK
`_ H\ D_
hK~K
Q\Q `H #_K(=OK)
H` `
O`~K
#_TOK
Zu "
=iHK@H =~
~= =~
2200.
Transfuse
transfused
transfused
XH=`#Oz WOHH=`
2201.
Transgress
transgressed
transgressed
qug~
2202.
Tranship
transhipped
transhipped
XH F_#Oz "~H F_H =~
Srinivasulu.jasti
Page73 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
2203.
Translate
translated
translated
2204.
Transliterate
transliterated
transliterated
2205.
Transmit
transmitted
transmitted
J#=kOK
XH+# "~H+ `
O@
2206.
Transmute
transmuted
transmuted
XH ~=#O_T =~H ~
=H =~@
2207.
Transpire
transpired
transpired
2208.
Transplant
transplanted
transplanted
tOK
"~HK@ <@@
2209.
Transport
transported
transported
"~H =# f =@
2210.
Transpose
transposed
transposed
2211.
Travel
travelled
travelled
2212.
Traverse
traversed
traversed
2213.
Trawl
trawled
trawled
2214.
Treat
treated
treated
2215.
Tremble
trembled
trembled
2216.
Trespass
trespassed
trespassed
2217.
Trickle
trickled
trickled
2218.
Trill
trilled
trilled
2219.
Trounce
trounced
trounced
2220.
Truncate
truncated
truncated
2221.
Try
tried
tried
2222.
Tuck
tucked
tucked
2223.
Tug
tugged
tugged
2224.
Tumble
tumbled
tumbled
2225.
Turn
turned
turned
2226.
Twaddle
twaddled
twaddled
2227.
Tweak
tweaked
tweaked
2228.
Twiddle
twiddled
twiddled
2229.
Twine
twined
twined
2230.
Twinkle
twinkled
twinkled
2231.
Twirl
twirled
twirled
2232.
Twist
twisted
twisted
2233.
Twit
twitted
twitted
Srinivasulu.jasti
= =~
}= K
J_=Q =
^= K @Hx D_
PîOK, zH` K
=}
qug~@
z#^~Q H~@
=}K =\_
iQ F_TOK
#~, YO_TOK
uOK
^@
=_T D_
^~, `@Hx _
u~Q, uC
z =@_
ye"e@
=iQ u~Q
#@, i"@
q}
q} q}=#
y~y~uC@
#@
p"@ @
Page74 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
2234.
Twitter
twittered
twittered
2235.
Typify
typified
typified
2236.
Ulcerate
ulcerated
ulcerated
2237.
Underestimate
underestimated
underestimated
H= HKHK_
P^~=Q
O_K
`= =kO K
2238.
Undermine
undermined
undermined
<k<_K
2239.
Undress
undressed
undressed
2240.
Unfold
unfolded
unfolded
2241.
Unfurl
unfurled
unfurled
2242.
Unify
unified
unified
2243.
Unite
united
united
2244.
Unload
unloaded
unloaded
2245.
Unravel
unravelled
unravelled
2246.
Unseat
unseated
unseated
2247.
Unsettle
unsettled
unsettled
2248.
Untie
untied
untied
2249.
Uplift
uplifted
uplifted
2250.
Uproot
uprooted
uprooted
2251.
Urge
urged
urged
2252.
Urinate
urinated
urinated
2253.
Use
used
used
2254.
Usurp
usurped
usurped
2255.
Utilise
utilised
utilised
2256.
Utter
uttered
uttered
2257.
Vacate
vacated
vacated
2258.
Vacillate
vacillated
vacillated
2259.
Validate
validated
validated
2260.
Vanish
vanished
vanished
2261.
Vaporise
vaporised
vaporised
2262.
Vary
varied
varied
2263.
Veer
veered
veered
2264.
Vegetate
vegetated
vegetated
Srinivasulu.jasti
^ qC@
|~OQ~K@
~K@, `~K@
SH= K@
K~@
|~=kOK@
zf~
^g+xK
ux K~K
H@qC@
LîOK, H`
"` HeOK
~OK
=`q~# K
LyOK
|`~=Q fH#
L
Q~K
@, KC
MmK
OÔK, x~O O_@
K^y#kQ K
J^$=Q
PqiQ =~
^= K
k=~, uC
"H= rqOK
Page75 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
2265.
Ventilate
ventilated
ventilated
2266.
Verify
verified
verified
2267.
Versify
versified
versified
2268.
Vex
vexed
vexed
2269.
Victimize
victimized
victimized
2270.
Vie
vied
vied
2271.
Vilify
vilified
vilified
2272.
Vindicate
vindicated
vindicated
2273.
Violate
violated
violated
2274.
Visit
visited
visited
2275.
Vitalize
vitalized
vitalized
2276.
Vitiate
vitiated
vitiated
2277.
Vivify
vivified
vivified
2278.
Vociferate
vociferated
vociferated
2279.
Vomit
vomitted
vomitted
2280.
Vouch
vouched
vouched
2281.
Waddle
waddled
waddled
2282.
Wade
waded
waded
2283.
Waft
wafted
wafted
2284.
Wag
wagged
wagged
2285.
Wage
waged
waged
2286.
Wait
waited
waited
2287.
Waive
waived
waived
2288.
Walk
walked
walked
2289.
Wander
wandered
wandered
2290
Wane
waned
waned
2291.
Warn
warned
warned
2292.
Wash
washed
washed
2293.
Waste
wasted
wasted
2294.
Waver
wavered
wavered
2295.
Weaken
weakened
weakened
Srinivasulu.jasti
Qe=K#@ K
x~OK
^= J
H= `K
|eK
\KK

u@,^+OK
<=x "kOK
JuHqOK
îOK
L`~KK
=_K, HOH~K
=}qK, +~K
aQ~Q J~K
"Ou K
=H= KC
J@W@ TQ` #_K
WH H+=Q #_K@
h\ `` =
HkeOK, P_TOK
#_TOK
"zO_@
# q_KH#@
#_K@
OKiOK@
H}OK
KiOK
= K
=$^K
O~OK
|#~K
Page76 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
2296.
Wean
weane
weaned
2297.
Weld
welded
welded
2298.
Westernize
westernized
westernized
2299.
Wheedle
wheedled
wheedled
2300.
Whet
whetted
whetted
2301.
Whine
whined
whined
2302.
Whirl
whirled
whirled
2303.
Whisper
whispered
whispered
2304.
Whistle
whistled
whistled
2305.
Whitewash
whitewashed
whitewashed
2306.
Whittle
whittled
whittled
2307.
Widen
widened
widened
2308.
Wield
wielded
wielded
2309.
Wink
winked
winked
2310.
Winnow
winnowed
winnowed
2311.
Wipe
wiped
wiped
2312.
Wither
withered
withered
2313.
Worry
worried
worried
2314.
Worsen
worsened
worsened
2315.
Wrangle
wrangled
wrangled
2316.
Wrap
wrapped
wrapped
2317.
Wreathe
wreathed
wreathed
2318.
Wrench
wrenched
wrenched
2319.
Wrestle
wrestled
wrestled
2320.
Wriggle
wriggled
wriggled
2321.
Writhe
writhed
writhed
2322.
Yawn
yawned
yawned
2323.
Yearn
yearned
yearned
2324.
Yelp
yelped
yelped
2325.
Yield
yielded
yielded
Srinivasulu.jasti
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Page77 Of 78
VERB LIST:-
Srinivasulu.jasti
Page78 Of 78

Complete Spoken English

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XH "H= Jq K xx |\, WOw+x ^=x 8 Q=Q

English + D q^=Q 8 Q=#\H

i J~=` XH "H= KC@ i# 'Verb Form' LyOK=#. H#H

Hx Spoken English H O|OkOz#O`=~ D =_ ~=# =Q

J#Q Verb H "^\ ~=.

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Parts of Speech JxO\ Verb K =Y"#k.

XHH ^xx QiOz q=~OQ <~HO^=.

REGULAR ACTION - POSITIVE FORM

<# u ~A library H "`#.

"= u O`O cricket practise K=.

"H= XH~ ~Q~Q H J"@Q K ## zOKK#q.

D q^=Q u ~A, u "~O, u <, u O=`~O, ZC _, `~K

7. <# u L^O walk H "#.

8. "= u Pk"~O test " =.

My brother encourages me well in my

My father sends me money every

She celebrates her birthday every year.

They visit Tirumala in January every

We write a test every Sunday.

Our English lecturer teaches us very

10. = mother u x "~ O L " O

12. "*Q `~KQ =~O _`Ok.

D "H= English xH translate K O_.

Irfan Pathan K fast Q bowl K_ .

Our Principal always speaks English.

17. J`_ `~KQ `#

He often helps his friends.

18. = Physics lecturer

Our Physics lecturer dictates notes for

19. H=< H"_ scenes Q act

Kamal Hassan acts well in comedy

<# u ~A diary " #.

Sri Chandra Babu often discusses

Practice makes man perfect.

"= J money JCK=.

"H= J Z\H Kx ## zOKK#q.

D q^=Q J"@H Qx, g_H Qh, W+= H Qh =#= H "~H~ J \H

=#_ 'do not' =K#.

I donot read novels at all.

We donot neglect our work at all.

3. = brother J hard work K_.

4. P" J Z=i` =\_^.

5. "~ J rules strict Q \OK~ .

Tamil Nadu Express Ongole station

I donot watch Telugu serials on

8. J`_ J Z=ih care K_.

9. P" J functions H attend J=^.

10. "~ Pk"~O shop open K~.

I donot take non-veg. items at all.

12. J`_ J Z=iH help K_.

13. "~ J =# O_Q [~~.

D "H= English xH translate K O_.

14. <# J W`~ q+O *HO

I donot interefere in others matter.

4. J`_ J friends ` move J=_.

5. "~ J programmes #~.

Our officer doesnot maintain dignity

16. "~ J money ^ K~.

6. J`_ ~Q~Q office H ~_.