Group: Rosy Susanti Hervil Four Dini Aprilia Kartika Putri

Language and Dialect

Regional dialects Social dialects

Language and Dialect

Language What the members of a particular society speak. Dialect one variety of language. But how can we distinguish that X and Y are two different languages or just two dialects as a part of one language?

According to Bell (1976) the following seven criteria can be used to address the issue of language-dialect distinction: 1. Standardization = The process by which a language has been codified in some way. -- grammars and dictionaries, being used in literature, courts, education, administration, etc. e.g Baso Minang Bukittinggi and Pariaman are not standardized, therefore they are dialects from Baso Minang.

2. Vitality = it refers to the existence of a living community of speakers. 3. Historicity = when a particular society finds a sense of identity through using a particular language. e.g. Baso Minang Pariaman is used to describe Bahasa Minang used by people in Pariaman because they still have a sense as a part of Minang people.

4. Autonomy = When the speakers feel that X or Y different from other languages, then they are two different languages, not dialects. -- very subjective 5. Reduction = When X or Y has reduction of resources e.g. Bahasa Indonesia Logat Minang has no standardized writing system

6. Mixture = it refers to feeling speakers have about the purity of the variety they speak. --it appears to be more important to speakers from some languages than of others.

7. De Facto Norms = It refers to the feeling that many speakers have that they are both good speakers and poor speakers, and that the good ones represent the good norm in speaking the language.

So it is clear that dialect is a subordinate variety of a language.

Regional Dialects
-> Dialects that distinguish the residents of one region from the ones of other regions. e.g - English in America and Britain (the word dance) - Korean in Seoul and Busan (Seoul: arasso Busan: aratti) - Baso Minang Bukittinggi and Pariaman

Social Dialects
-> Dialects that distinguish one social class/ group from other classes or groups. e.g - Baso Minang in university: Nio kama? (neutral intonation) - Baso Minang in terminal: Kama aang? (high intonation)