Drug monograph

Hydrochlorothiazide
Generic name: Hydrochlorothiazide Brand names: Esidrix; Ezide Pharmacological category: Diuretic, thiazide Indications/uses: Management of mild to moderate hypertension; treatment of edema in congestive heart failure and nephrotic syndrome Mechanism of action: Inhibits sodium reabsorption in the distal tubules causing increased excretion of sodium and water as well as potassium and hydrogen ions Adverse reactions: Cardiovascular: Orthostatic hypotension, hypotension Endocrine & metabolic: Hypokalemia Dermatologic: Photosensitivity Gastrointestinal: Anorexia, epigastric distress

Warnings/precautions: Avoid in severe renal disease (ineffective). Use with caution in severe hepatic dysfunction; hepatic encephalopathy can be caused by electrolyte disturbances. Chronic renal failure may occur Pregnancy category: B (per manufacturer); D (based on expert analysis) Contraindications: Inhibits sodium reabsorption in the distal tubules causing increased excretion of sodium and water as well as potassium and hydrogen ions Dose: Child: Adults: 25-100 mg/day in 1-2 doses Maximum: 200 mg/day <6 months: 2-3 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses >6 months: 2 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses

Elderly: 12.5-25 mg once daily Dosing adjustment needed in renal impairment

Reference: lexicomp