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    Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) generation uses heat from a radiation source to emit electromagnetic radiation, which is then converted to electricity by a photovoltaic (PV) cell. TPV systems have no moving parts and can be robust and reliable. A 50 Watt TPV system was demonstrated using a heat source, selective emitter, and PV cells. Competing technologies like combustion engines, thermoelectrics, and fuel cells have higher efficiencies today but TPV has the potential for high efficiency and power density with technological advances in emitters, cells, and spectral control. Future applications of TPV include distributed power generation and waste heat recovery.

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    Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) generation uses heat from a radiation source to emit electromagnetic radiation, which is then converted to electricity by a photovoltaic (PV) cell. TPV systems have no moving parts and can be robust and reliable. A 50 Watt TPV system was demonstrated using a heat source, selective emitter, and PV cells. Competing technologies like combustion engines, thermoelectrics, and fuel cells have higher efficiencies today but TPV has the potential for high efficiency and power density with technological advances in emitters, cells, and spectral control. Future applications of TPV include distributed power generation and waste heat recovery.

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    45 views17 pages

    Thermophotovoltaic Generation

    Uploaded by

    alikaya12002
    Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) generation uses heat from a radiation source to emit electromagnetic radiation, which is then converted to electricity by a photovoltaic (PV) cell. TPV systems have no moving parts and can be robust and reliable. A 50 Watt TPV system was demonstrated using a heat source, selective emitter, and PV cells. Competing technologies like combustion engines, thermoelectrics, and fuel cells have higher efficiencies today but TPV has the potential for high efficiency and power density with technological advances in emitters, cells, and spectral control. Future applications of TPV include distributed power generation and waste heat recovery.

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    Thermophotovoltaic Generation of Electricity

    Joachim Luther Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Freiburg

    Principle of TPV generation of electricity

    n1

    heat

    emitter

    electromagnetic radiation

    PV cell

    electricity

    50 Watt TPV system, Paul Scherrer Institut

    Source: Durisch, PSI, 2002

    Selected characteristics of TPV


    no moving parts robust and reliable

    radiation emitter and PV at low distance spectral shaping and photon recycling

    high power density

    high PV efficiency

    Competing technologies I, selected characteristics and efficiencies


    combustion engines
    + long term experience maintenance power > 1KW today 10 % - 35 %

    Competing technologies II, selected characteristics and efficiencies


    thermoelectrics
    + simple, robust, reliable 900 K 1200 K today future 3%-5% 7%

    fuel cell systems

    + low operation temp. special fuel + robust, reliable 1200 K 1700 K

    today 20 % - 30 % future 50 % - 60 % today future 2%-3% 10 %

    TPV (projected)

    Future markets for TPV, 3 examples


    autonomous and auxiliary energy supply units domestic cogeneration of heat and electricity, autonomous systems (with respect to electricity) conversion of waste heat radiation in industrial processes

    Principle of TPV generation of electricity

    n1

    heat

    emitter

    electromagnetic radiation

    PV cell

    electricity

    Technological challenges of TPV


    highly efficient fuel to radiation conversion, heat recuperation photon management and spectral shaping, selective radiation emitters, filters, reflectors efficient PV conversion, low-bandgap cells, high power density

    Blackbody spectra and bandgap positions of PV cells


    50 radiant power density [W/cmm] 40 30 20 1200 K 1500 K 1700 K 2000 K 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 wavelength [m] Si GaSb InAs InSb

    Low bandgap cells for TPV, examples


    GaSb wafer cells, Zn diffusion MOVPE grown cell structures on GaSb and InP, monolithic interconnected modules

    PV efficiency in TPV, blackbody radiation, GaSb cells


    35 efficiency [%] 30 25 20 15 10 cut-off at = 1800 nm whole blackbody spectrum 5 900 1100 1300 1500 1700

    temperature [K]

    Power density in TPV, emissivity of emitter 0.6, GaSb cells


    2.5 power density [W/cm] 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5

    900

    1100

    1300

    1500 1700 temperature [K]

    Infrared emitters for TPV

    durable at high temperatures optically selective with respect to Eg of PV cell - suitable metals (with AR coatings) - rare-earth oxides - mechanically modified metal surfaces

    Mechanically structured tungsten emitter, emissivity


    1,0 emissivity 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 wavelength [m]

    structured unstructured

    Projected TPV system characteristics


    fuel to radiation emitted radiation emitted to radiation absorbed in PV cells radiation absorbed to electricity electronics and peripherals system efficiency power density 0.7 0.8 0.25 0.8 0.1 1 W/cm

    Next TPV conference: June 14 16, Freiburg, Germany This presentation: www.ise-solar.info

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