6

1.

correlation 2
!" (Pearson product moment Correlation Coefficient) !
N XY ( X)( Y)
r =
[N X2 ( X) 2 ][ N Y2 ( Y) 2 ]
%& ' " ()' *' ' ' '+ ,- %!.& -/
'" . " )!" 0 1+ .&
H0 : = 0
H1 : 0
2%& ' +1 .&& " t-test ! & 3!
r N 2
t = ; df = N - 2
2
1 r

r
1. )' r . )43 " &)' %3 ' 2 X 0 54 ' !
" 0 2 -!" " 0 3+ *' 5 + - %! .& .
-!" - *' y *''/ 6 + ' 0 ' 7 5- 5!" *' -!" 0 ' 7 8 .9%
%! .& :" &+
2. )' r '" 1.00 24 1.00 2 r ! 0 - 0
% 2 ! '" 0 - 0 % -
- *' ! >& !3
r 0.80 *' r -0.80
- 0.50 < r < 0.80 *' 0.80 < r < -0.5
-0.50 r 0.50

+ & " SPSS B & )' + 5

' & " (
82 SPSS '* + )' -

6.1
%& ' + 2+ + 2 /& *' /& ) /& % %& ' !" 12
.& & !3

%! 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
) (X) 15 20 11 18 14 13 11 18 23 26 17 16
(Y) 11 18 13 19 17 20 16 24 27 28 26 21

2 )' 2 &/ .&& 3!

%Analyze( ' %Correlations( - "'" %Bivariate...( G

6 ' 6.1

-*' /& %! ' ' %Variables :( - -*' %+ I+

%! ' ! -*' 3 + ! *' Pearson, Kendall/s Tau-b - Spearman - + !
): 34 '" / - J )' )' -& "
2 Pearson )' - ' 0 + +
2 Kendall/s Tau-b - Spearman )' - ' '" & !" ' &
/K %Options...( *' ' 2+ + *3 1 )' -
 %%! 6 83

Correlations

X Y
X Pearson Correlation 1 .742**
Sig. (2-tailed) . .006
N 12 12
Y Pearson Correlation .742** 1
Sig. (2-tailed) .006 .
N 12 12
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level
(2-tailed).

,-- %!.& '" )' + 5 X - Y .&

.742 )' - 12 - ! & " (% 2+ +%! & .006 54 '" .01 &
! " (% 2+ %+ ! .01 3 '* X - Y ! +

2.

+ %+ +I 0 2
X1 X2 (- J r12 2 ! X3 + )43 '! 4
54 X3 ! X1 - X2 % %+ +I r12 .&
)' X3 ' . & " % r12 ! +& 3 4 ' !
/ X3 ' . B&" 2+ + " )!" 0 .&& 3!
r12 r13 r23
R12.3 =
2 2
1 r13 1 r23
" 2 %!. .& / &L ' . !" zero-
order partial correlation r12 0 " 2 %!.& /
'. 1 !" first-order partial correlation r12.3 0 1
- 2 %! / 3 '. - " 2 %!.& / '.
1 !" higher-order partial correlation r12.34 !" second-order
partial correlation 0 1 - 2 %!.& / 3 - 4 '.
*' r12.345 !" third-order partial correlation 0 1 - 2 %!.&
/ 3, 4 - 5 ' . & 3 order )' " ' ! /
. ! B&"& %!'" - /&
84 SPSS '* + )' -

6.2
' & -*' *' ) 74 J ' 2 74 J 4 .& %& ' &
2 &% !" 2 *' %& ' 2 &% & 6 J (X1) - %& ' 2 &
% & /,- (X2) - %& ' &,- N% +I% !" (Y) ,- %& ' %3 3 /&
G,-& !3

"! 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
X1 3 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 6 6 4 4 7 6 8 8 9 9 5 4
X2 5 4 5 4 6 7 3 4 4 3 5 4 8 8 7 7 6 6 7 3
Y 2 3 2 1 5 5 7 6 8 8 4 3 6 7 10 9 7 7 8 10

& + O' )' - %3 3

+ )' -B&" %Analyze( ' %Correlations( - "'" %Partial...(
G

6 ' 6.2

-*' %! ' ' %Variables:( - -*' %! '

/ *') &'' ' %Controlling for:(
/K %Options7( *' ' 2+ + *3 1 )' - (Zero-order
Correlation)
,- -.&& !3
 %%! 6 85

--- PARTIAL CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS ---

Controlling for.. Y

X1 X2

X1 1.0000 .4550
( 0) ( 17)
P= . P= .050

X2 .4550 1.0000
( 17) ( 0)
P= .050 P= .

(Coefficient / (D.F.) / 2-tailed Significance)

" . " is printed if a coefficient cannot be computed

)' %& ' & 2% 6 J - -) ! % 0.4550, df

= 17 ! & " ( 0.05 & ,- ' )' %& ' 2 &% 6 J & /,-
*' / '* ) &'+% + -)' %& ' &,- N% +I% !" - !