Blog: Scienceworkplace.blogspot.

com by - Anju Pal

TOPIC - HEAT

Concepts
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Introduction Hot and cold Thermometer. Transfer of heat Land and see breeze Kind of clothes we wear in summer and winter

Details:

Concept 1 . Introduction Heat is a form of energy. It helps us to feel hotness and coolness. Concept 2 . Hot and cold Our sense of touch is not always a reliable guide to the
hotness of an object. A reliable measure of the hotness of an object is its temperature. Activity: Take three large mugs. Lable them as A, B and C. Put cold water in mug A and hot water in mug B. Mix some cold and hot water in mug C. Now dip your left hand in mug A and right hand in mug B. After keeping the hands in the two mugs for 2-3 minutes, put both hands simultaneously in mug C. Do both the hands get the same feeling?

Concept 3. Thermometer Temperatur

e is measured by a device called thermomet er. Thermomet er are of
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three types Clinical thermometer- (a) it is used to measure our body temperature. (b) The range of this 0 thermometer is from 35 C to 450C.

Laboratory thermometer- (a) we use it in laboratory

(b) The range of this thermometer is usually from 100C to 1100C.

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Digital thermometer- these thermometers do not have mercury.

Infrared thermometer

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The normal body temperature of human is 370C. Precautions to be observed while reading a clinical thermometer Thermometer should be washed before and after use, preferably with an antiseptic. Ensure that before use the mercury level is below 350C. Read the thermometer keeping the level of mercury along the line of sight. Handle the thermometer with care. Dont hold the thermometer by the bulb while reading it. Additional precautions to be observed while reading a laboratory thermometer Should be kept up right not tilted. Bulb should be surrounded from all sides by the substance of which the temperature is to be measured. T he bulb should not touch the surface of the container.
Activity:

Take some tap water in a beaker or a mug. Dip the thermometer in water so that the bulb does not touch the bottom or the sides of the container. Hold the thermometer vertically. Observe the movement of mercury in the thermometer and record the temperature.

Concept 4 : Transfer of heat

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Blog: Scienceworkplace.blogspot.com by - Anju Pal

The heat flows from a body at a higher temperature to a body at lower temperature. There are three ways in which heat is transferredconduction, convection and radiation.

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Conduction The process by which heat is transferred from the

hotter end to the colder end of an object is known as conduction. In solids generally heat is transferred through conduction. For conduction medium is required. Particles do not move in conduction.

Conductors: The materials which allow

heat to pass through them easily are conductors. Examples; iron , copper.

Insulators: The materials which do not

allow heat to pass through them easily are poor conductors or insulators. Examples; wood, plastic.

Blog: Scienceworkplace.blogspot.com by - Anju Pal

Activity:

Take a rod or flat strip of a metal. Fix a few small wax pieces on the rod. These pieces should be nearly equal distances. Clamp the rod to a stand. Now heat the othere end of the rod and observe.

Blog: Scienceworkplace.blogspot.com by - Anju Pal

Convection In liquids and gases the heat is transferred by convection. There is movement of particles of the medium. Sea breeze and land breeze is formed due to convection. Sea breeze: The warm air from the land moves towards the sea to complete the cycle . The air from the sea is called sea breeze. Land breeze: The water cools down more slowly than land. So, the cool air from the land moves towards the sea. This is called the land breeze.

Activity:

Take a round bottom flask or a beaker. Fill it two- thirds with water. Place it on a tripod. Wait till the water in the flask is still. Place a crystal of potassium permagnate at
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Blog: Scienceworkplace.blogspot.com by - Anju Pal

bottom of the flask gently using straw. Now, heat the water by placing the candle just below the crystal. Write your observation in your notebook and also draw a picture of what you observe.
Radiation The transfer of heat by radiation does not require any medium. All hot bodies radiate heat.

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Concept 5: Kind of clothes we wear in summer and

winter

We feel more comfortable in light- coloured clothes in summer. Dark- coloured objects absorb radiation better than the light- coloured objects. Woolen cloths keep us warm during winter. It is so because wool is a poor conductor of heat and it has air trapped in between the fibre.

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Blog: Scienceworkplace.blogspot.com by - Anju Pal

Activity:

Take two identical tin cans. Paint the outer surface of one black and of the other white. Pour equal amounts of water in each and leave them in mid-day sun for about an hour. Measure the temperature of water in both cans. In which can water is warmer.

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