CIMAP - JNU Ph.D.

PROGRAMME
SYLLABUS FOR PRE - PhD COURSE WORK

STRUCTURE OF COURSE CREDIT DISTRIBUTION OF CIMAP - JNU

PRE - Ph.D. PROGRAMME FOR THE AWARD OF Ph.D. DEGREE IN LIFE
SCIENCES OF JAWAHARLAL NEHRU UNIVERSITY, NEW DELHI
AT CIMAP

Pre - Ph.D programme for the award of Ph.D. degree in Life sciences (Plant
Sciences, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics and Chemical Sciences) of
Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi will be of total 19 credits. The over all
structure of the course credit distribution will be as follows:

1. Major Courses (Three) Three credits each (2 + 1) 9

credits
2. Minor courses (Two) Two credits each (1 +1) 4
credits
3. Seminar One credit 1
credit
4. Cross discipline laboratory One credit 1
credit
Orientation & its utilization
5. Project assignment Two credits 4
credits

A student is required to qualify five courses (three core courses and two
optional courses) during the course duration of two semesters. A student has
the option of selecting any three core courses (total nine credits) out of four
from his / her own discipline and two optional courses (total four credits) from
any of three disciplines out of the courses prescribed in syll abus. Each core
course carries three credits each with 2 + 1 scheme (two credits for theory
and one credit for practical) and each optional course carries two credits each
with 1 + 1 scheme (one credit for theory and one for practical ). Each credit
comprises of minimum of 12 lectures or 12 practicals. Thus, in each core
course in each discipline as stated below there will be a total of twenty four
lectures (two credits) and 12 practicals (one credit) and in each optional
course there will be twelve le ctures (one credit) and twelve practicals (one
credit).

A candidate has the option to choose optional courses from any of the three
disciplines (Plant Sciences, Biotechnology & Bioinformatics and Chemical
Sciences) of his / her choice from the pre scribed courses in consultation with
guide, but preferably it should be from cross discipline area. Seminar (1
credit), cross discipline laboratory orientation and its utilization (1 credit) and
project assignment (4 credits) are mandatory for all students admitted in
various disciplines.
 INSTITUTIONAL [CIM] *
CIM 100 SEMINAR 1 (1 +0)
CREDIT
CIM 200 CROSS DISCIPLINARY LABORATORY 1 (0 +1)
CREDIT
ORIENTATION AND ITS UTILIZATION
CIM 300 PROJECT ASSIGNMENT 4 (0 +4)
CREDITS
 TO BE OFFERED IN EACH SEMESTER

COURSES OFFERED FOR PRE - Ph.D. WORK IN

DIFFERENT DISCIPLINES

CORE COURSES TOTAL 9

CREDITS

PLANT SCIENCES [PSC]

SEMESTER – I

PSC 201 Principles of plant breeding and its application 3 (2 + 1)

credits
PSC 202 Principles of crop production 3 (2 + 1)
credits

SEMESTER – II

PSC 203 Fundamentals of plant protection 3 (2 + 1)

credits
PSC 204 Agriculture economics and extension 3 (2 + 1)
credits

BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOI NFORMATICS [BTB]

SEMESTER – I

BTB 201 Fundamentals of molecular genetics 3 (2 + 1)

credits
BTB 202 Bio – informatics 3 (2 + 1)
credits

SEMESTER – II

BTB 203 Principles and techniques of plant 3 (2 + 1)

credits molecular biology
BTB 204 Plant biotechnology 3 (2 + 1)
credits
 CHEMICAL SCIENCES [CSC]
SEMESTER – I

CSC 201 Natural products chemistry 3 (2 + 1)

credits
CSC 202 Analytical chemistry 3 (2 + 1)
credits

SEMESTER – II
CSC 203 Advances in synthetic chemist ry 3 (2 + 1)
credits
CSC 204 Advances in extraction and processing 3 (2 + 1)
credits technologies

OPTIONAL COURSES TOTAL 4

CREDITS

SEMESTER – I
PSC 101 Post harvest technology (1 + 1)
credits
PSC 102 Agro physiology (1 + 1)
credits

BTB 101 Plant tissue culture techniques (1 + 1)

credits
BTB 102 Biochemistry (1 + 1)
credits

CSC 101 Modern instrumentation (1 + 1)

credits
CSC 102 Structure elucidation of organic molecules (1 + 1)
credits

SEMESTER – II

PSC 103 Principles of plant taxonomy and pharmacognosy (1 + 1)

credits
PSC 104 Basic and applied statistics (1 + 1)
credits

BTB 103 Microbiology (1 + 1)

credits
BTB 104 Basic genetics (1 + 1)
credits

CSC 103 Chromatographic techniques (1 + 1)

credits
CSC 104 Pharmaceutical chemistry (1 + 1)
credits
 CIMAP - JNU Ph.D. PROGRAMME
SYLLABUS FOR PRE - Ph.D COURSE WORK
CORE COURSES TOTAL 9 CREDITS

PLANT SCIENCES [PSC]

PSC - 201 PRINCIPLES OF PLANT BREEDING AND ITS

APPLICATION [2 + 1 CREDITS]
SEMESTER – I

THEORY [2 CREDITS]

Evolution, domestication, introduction centers of origin and ge ne

introgression
Reproductive systems, pollination control and breeding plans
Genetic concepts in breeding self pollinated crops
Selection under self fertilization. (Pure line theory).
Consequences of hybridization.
Inheritance of quantitative traits.
Role of genotype and environment in continuous variation.
Genetic basis of breeding open pollinated plants
Systems of pollination control.
Systems of mating and their consequences
Theory of selection
Responses to selection and genetic organization
Heterosis and inbreeding depression.
Designing model cultivar - ideotype concept
Breeding methods with self pollinated crops . (pure line breeding and mass
selection, pedigree method, bulk population and back cross breeding,
multiline, population breeding approach (diallel selective mating), rapid
isolation of homozygous lines, Hybrid varieties - male sterilities)
Breeding methods with crops pollinated crops
Selection in cross pollinated crops.
Hybrid varieties.
Recurrent selection
Synthetic composites varieties.
Principles & methods of breeding for resistance to diseases & pests,
herbicides pollutants and adverse climatic conditions
Assessment of variability, components of variance, genetic diversity,
relationship and path coefficient, diallel, line x tester, g eneration mean, bi-
parental cross analysis, North Carolina design I, II, III, Triple test cross,
different models for varietal adoptation
Polyploidy in plant breeding; Aneuploidy (nullisomics, monosomics, trisomics,
monoploids and haploids), autoplyploid y, allopolyploidy, classical
examples: evolution of bread wheat. Nicotiana tobacum, Gossipium
hirsutum, amphideploids in Brassica species
Biotechnology in plant breeding , tissue and cell culture, genetic engineering,
embryo culture, anther and pollen cul ture somatic hybridization, molecular
markers
Consequences of inter -specific and distant hybridization
Mutation breeding
Evaluation, maintenance of varieties, quality seed, seed industry, seed act,
seed production, processing, seed testing
IPR, PBR, UPOV conventions and recent developments

PRACTICAL [1 CREDIT]

Floral biology in self and cross pollinating plant species, selfing, crossing and
maintenance of cross pollinating populations with special reference to
breeding work in medicinal and aromatic plants
ANOVA, means, variances, partitioning of variances in various models,
analysis in NC designs, diallel and line x tester
Estimation of genetic diversity through D 2 statistic, correlation, hertability, and
genetic advance, stability analysis using different models
Seed testing for germination, creation and screening plants for biotic and
abiotic stress, estimation of oil content, and secondary metabolites in
major medicinal and aromatic plants

PSC - 202 PRINCIPLES OF CROP PRODUCTION

[2+1 CREDITS]
THEORY [ 2 CREDITS ]

SEMESTER - I

PART- I
Principles of crop production; Crop plants in relation to environment; G x E
interaction
Factors determining crop distribution; Agroclimatic zones of India; Agronomic
practices and crop productivity
Principles of weed control, crop -weed competition; herbicides - formulation,
classification, selectivity and mode of action; Zero/minimum tillage.
Allelopathy in agriculture
Soil-water-plant relationship; Soil water constants; Measurement of soil
moisture; methods of scheduling irrigation. Methods of irrigation,
Strategies for minimizing water losses under field conditions; Micro -
irrigation system
Dryland agriculture; Soil moisture stress and plant growth; drought resistance
in crops; Soil moisture conservat ion techniques; Cropping system
approach for maximizing crop productivity
Concept of crop rotation; Intercropping and multistorey cropping
Agroforestry - concepts and methodology; Production management of field
and commercial crops under agroforesty; cro p diversification
Crop modelling in agronomic systems; Biodiversity and environmental
conservation
 PART – II

Soils - their origin, morphology, composition and nature

Physical, chemical and biological properties of soil
Factors and process for soil fo rmation; Classifications of soils; major soils of
India
Criteria of essentiality of nutrients, Mineral nutrition of crops, functions of
nutrients in plants; Macro - and micro-nutrients in soils
Fixation, biological and chemical transformation and release of nutrients in
soils
Soil fertility evaluation, Manures and fertilizers, Organic farming
Problem soils, salt affected, waterlogged and acid soils; Soil amendments,
Quality of irrigation water
Soil organic matter and its dynamics
Instrumental methods of analysis of soils, plant and water
Biological N fixation, Natural P solubilization & fixation

PRACTICAL [1 CREDIT]

Soil sampling and processing

Soil test procedures (Mechanical and Physico -chemical)
Soil Analysis (organic C, P H, Ec, CEC, major, micro and heavy metals)
Determination of nutrients (P, K) fixing capacity of soil
Plant sampling, Plant Analysis (for N, P, K, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn and h eavy metals)
Water Quality Assessment for Irrigation ( P H, Ec, SAR, RSC, hardness, B,
NO3)
Instruments Used in Soil, Plant and Water Analysis (UV -VIS
spectrophotometer, AAS, ICP, Flame photometer)
Microbiological analysis of soil (Bacteria, Fungi, Actinomycetes, Total
microbial biomass)

PSC - 203 FUNDAMENTALS OF PLANT PROTECTION

[2 + 1 CREDITS]
THEORY [2 CREDITS]

SEMESTER - II

PART- I

I. Principles of Plant Pathology

An overview of plant pathology, plant disease definition, mode of infection of
plant pathogens, disease symptoms and disease cycles and plant disease
diagnosis including principles (Koch ’s postulates)
Disease epidemiology: definition, scope and models, historical development,
quantitative measurement of disease, host, pathogens and environment
Fungal & Bacterial pathogens: characteristics, classification, identification and
diseases they cause
Viruses and Phytoplasma: characteristics, classification, identification and
diseases they cause
Factors leading to disease build-up:Inoculum potential, humidity, temperature

Ii. Host –Pathogen Interaction

 Enzymes (cellulolytic & pectolytic) , and phytotoxins (host specific & non -
host specific) as weapons of the plant pathogens
 Plant defense mechanisms in plant against plant pathogens such as
anatomical modification (lignifications, suberization & callose
formation), phytoalexin and PR prot ein accumulation

III. Principles of Plant Disease and Insect Pest Management

Preventive measures
 Cultural practices: Sanitation, soil solarization, crop rotation, organic
amendment
 Plant Quarantine:
 Plant resistance: Types, breeding approaches a nd uses of resistant
variety

Curative measures

 Disease control chemicals: History; major groups of chemicals (pesticides,

fungicides, nematicides, bactericides, viricides & biocides), chemistry,
mode of action and method of application
 Biological control: principles and overview , biocontrol agents (fungal
antagonists, arbuscular mycorrhizae, actinomycetes and PGPRs) and their
application
 Biotechnological approaches: A case study of BT -cotton

PART- II
 Types of insect-pests
 Insect-pests of agricultural importance
 Insect-pests of medical importance
 Insect-pests of veterinary importance
 Beneficial insects – honey bee, lac insects, silkworm etc.
 Insects as vectors – whitefly, aphids, thrips etc.
 Classification of insects based on feeding habits and as diseas e
vectors
 Biting and chewing type
 Sucking insects
 Piercing and rasping type
 Nature of damage
 Economic threshold
 In plants – viral diseases
 In humans – viral and parasitic diseases
 Chemical control: Insecticides
 Classification of insecticides based on che mical nature
 Classification of insecticides based on mode of action
 Structure-activity relationships
 Ecological approaches in insect -pest management
 Insect chemical communication
 Insect-insect and insect-plant interactions
 Ecological niche
 Tritrophic relationships
 Organic pest control & Quarantine
 Use of parasites and predators
 Use of botanicals
 Use of cultural practices
 Quarantine control
 Biotechnological approaches in insect -pest management
 Applications of bacteria, viruses, fungi and nematodes in inse ct control
 Genetic control – sterile techniques
 Transgenic

PRACTICAL [1 CREDIT]

PART - I

Diagnostic symptoms and signs of fungal, bacterial, viral, phytoplasma and

nematode diseases

Pathogen isolation, culture maintenance, methods of culture preservati on

media preparation, sterile techniques, etc

Study on cultural as well as morphological characters of different plant

pathogens, their identification through classical and molecular methods

Establishment of Koch's postulates for the diseases they cau se

In vitro production of enzymes and phytotoxins by fungal and bacterial

pathogens and their role in pathogenesis

Bioinoculant isolation, culture maintenance, screening for antagonistic and

plant growth promotion activity, in vitro and in vivo efficacy t est and their
formulations

Fungicides, protectant and systemic: efficacy test in vitro & in vivo and mode
of application

PART - II
Identification of major insect -pests of agricultural,
Identification of major insects pest of storage and medical importa nce
Insects as models for drug research: Drosophila
 Morphology
 Life stages
 Mutants utility in research

PSC - 204 AGRICULTURE ECONOMICS AND

EXTENSION
[2 + 1 CREDITS]
 THEORY [2 CREDITS]
SEMESTER – II

PART-1
Agriculture Economics:
Scope and method of ag riculture economics
Demand, supply, factor affecting demand and supply
Price fluctuations & price determination
Introduction to farm management
Principles of farm management
Cost concepts & principals, Risk and uncertainty
Farm planning and Budgeting
Introduction to marketing and agriculture marketing, Marketing and markets
Marketing function, Market structure and conduct
Surpluses in marketing and price spread
Marketing efficiency & Integration, Marketed and Marketable surplus
Role of government in promot ing agricultural marketing
Introduction to agricultural finance and banking
Agriculture prices, International trade
Diversification and sustainability

PART - II
Extension Education:
Extension Education- Scope, importance, process, principles, philosophy and
objectives.
Rural development- meaning, objectives, Major agricultural extension
system and Transfer of Technology projects in India.
Public Private Partnership model (PPP) including forward and backward
linkages eg. Bio-village approach,
Broad Based extension system- its feature. Roles and functions of voluntary
and non-governmental organization, Co -operatives, Youth clubs, Mahila
mandals, SHGs and Schools.
Participatory Technology Development - meaning, principles and
approaches.
Role of co-operatives and banks in rural development.
Methods of communication and technology dissemination. (2L)
Programme planning- nature, scope, principles, objectives, importance, steps.
Evaluation- Degrees, steps, keys, - Monitoring and evaluation techniques and
tools in the evaluation of different agriculture development programmes.

PRACTICAL [1 CREDIT]

PART – I
Farm Management, Farm financial management
Agriculture Marketing and commodity price, Marketed and Marketable surplus

PART – II
Organisational pattern, Role and responsibilities of Panchayat Raj system, State
Department of Agriculture- District Rural Development Agency, Co -operative
societies, developing village level agricultural production plan , Study of Bio-
villages.

BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATI CS [BTB]

BTB - 201 FUNDAMENTALS OF MOLECULAR
GENETICS
[2 + 1 CREDITS]
SEMESTER - I
THEORY [2 CREDITS]

 Basic concept: life forms from prokaryotes to eukaryotes; molecules,

building blocks, macromolecules and cells, genomes and genes; the
similarities and distinguishing characters.
 Bacteria, viruses, plasmids, trasposons and vectors for molecular
genetics studies.
 The genetic material: definition, pre -requisites, nature, structure and
functions – experimental evidences and land mark discoveries.
 Perpetuation and utilization of genetic material: replication,
transcription and translation process.
 Gene transfer in prokaryotes: transformatics, conjugation and
transduction.
 Genetic variation: mechanisms and use of mutation, recombination and
segregation.
 Genetic code: nature, deciphering and application.
 Forward and reverse genetics approaches for genetic analysis and
gene manipulation.
 Principles of genetic and physical mapping
 Microbial Genetics: Application in agriculture, medicine and industry.
 Eukaryotic genome organization: nucleosome concept, chromosome
organization, Genome size, C -value paradox and repetitive DNA
 Gene structure and organization; split genes, concept of introns and
mobile genetic elements.
 Distinctive features of eu karyotic DNA and chromosome replication,
processes of transcription and translation
 Basic models of gene expression and regulation: prokaryotes to
eukaryotes.
 Application of molecular genetics and genomics tools in genotype
designing and drug discovery.

PRACTICAL [1 CREDIT]
 Strain purification and genotype - phenotype understanding in bacterial
system
  Growth kinetics and measurement methods for bacteria and
understanding of antibiotics action and drug resistance basis.
 Bacteriophage multiplication as a model for viral repl ication and
genetics
 Gene transfer experiments in bacteria: transformation, conjugation and
transduction.
 Use of vectors: plasmids, cosmids, phages and transposons, etc.
 Transformation in plants, Agrobacterium mediated electroporation and
biolistic methods.
 Induced mutagenesis in bacteria: chemical and transposon mediated;
mutant selection, isolation and characterization.
 Genetic complementation experiments using mobilized genes in
bacterial merodiploids.
 Genomic and cDNA library construction and screenin g for targeted
genes and functions through reverse genetics approaches including
PCR and hybridization methods.
 Gene cloning, restriction analysis and DNA sequencing methods for
physical and genetic maps.

BTB - 202 BIO - INFORMATICS [2 + 1 CREDITS]

SEMESTER - I

THEORY [2 CREDITS]
A. Biological databanks & sequence analysis
 Introduction to Bioinformatics; Genomics; Proteomics; Structural
Genomics; Pharmainformatics; Pharmacogenomics; Biodiversity;
System Biology.
 Biological databases including Nuclei c acid sequence data
banks:Genbank, EMBL nucleotide sequence data bank, Protein
sequence data banks: NBRF -PIR, SWISSPROT, NCBI’s Entrez,
OMIM.
 Dynamic Programming methods for global and local alignments
(NEEDLEMAN and Wunsch, Smith Waterman algorithms), PS I-BLAST
algorithms. Database searching - BLAST, FASTA, Statistical and
Biological Significance, Scoring Matrices.
 Nucleic Acid Sequence Analysis —Reading Frames; codon usage;
Translational & Transcriptional signals, gene prediction methods.
 Multiple sequence alignments – CLUSTALW, T-Coffee
 Computing evolution: Phylogenetic analysis.
 Sequence-Function Relationship Sequence Homology and conserved
regions, conserved DNA sequences: Promoters, Restriction sites, RNA
folding patterns, Protein Motifs, Domains, and GCG pattern recognition
tools: FINDPATTERNS, MOTIFS, PROFILESCAN, MEME, Other
pattern recognition software.
 Derived Databases of patterns, motifs and profiles: Prosite, Blocks,
Prints-S, Pfam, etc.; Primer Design]

B. Concepts in computing & computer prog ramming

  Fundamentals of computer, Concepts of Hardware & Software,
Boolean Algebra, Operating system, Internet
 Programming Languages for Bioinformatics:’C’,’Perl’, Matlab
Programming, Introduction to Relational database management
system, SQL].

C. An introduction to statistics for bioinformatics

D. Computational biology
 Anatomy of Proteins - Ramachandran plot, Secondary structures,
Motifs, Domains, Tertiary and quaternary structures, Principles of
Protein Folding Structural data banks - Protein Data Bank.
 Secondary structure prediction algorithms, Methods for Prediction of
Secondary and Tertiary structures of Proteins –
 Homology modeling, Fold recognition, Ab initio methods for structure
prediction.
 Methods for comparison of 3D structures of proteins; M ethods to
predict three dimensional structures of nucleic acids.

E. Molecular modeling
 Concepts of Molecular Modeling, Molecular structure and internal
energy,Application of molecular graphics, Energy minimization of small
molecules, Empirical representa tion of molecular energies, Use of Force
Fields and MM methods, Local and global energy minima. Techniques in
MD and Monte Carlo. Simulation for conformational analysis. Ab initio,
DFT and semi-empirical methods
 Docking and Drug Design of ligands. Classica l SAR/QSAR, 2D and 3D
data searching.
F. Genomics & proteomics
 Genomics- Genome sequencing technology, Whole genome analysis,
Comparative genomics -Paralogs and orthologs, Phylogenetic profiling,
Pathway analysis, Repeat analysis, Human genetic disorders,
Candidate gene identification, Linkage analysis, Genotyping analysis,
SNPs and their applications
 Proteomics- Introduction to basic Proteomics technology, Bio -
informatics in Proteomics, Gene to Protein Function: a Roundtrip,
Analysis of Proteomes, Analysi s of 2-D gels, Protein to Disease and
Vice Versa, Human Genome and science after Genome era.
 Protein structural genomics
 Microarray Analysis: Basics of designing a microarray, Microarray in
Bioinformatics, target selection, image analysis, normalization,
Variability and replication, clustering, Microarray databases.
G. Commercial bioinformatics
 Definition of Bioinformatics companies. Genome Technology: high
throughput sequencing and assembly.
 Genomics in agriculture, medicine, disease monitoring, profile f or
therapeutic molecular targeting. Diagnostic drug discovery and
genomics. Pharmacogenomics and its application.. Proteomics in
medicine and its applications.
 Patenting and data generation from patent literature for commercial
benefits. IPR and bioinforma tics. Bioinformatics patents.
 PRACTICAL [1 CREDIT]
 Explore Biological databases
 BLAST & Advance BLAST options
 Use of similarity, homology and alignment softwares
 Usage of software for computational biology
 Practical exercises for Programming in ‘C’’Perl’
 Database Design.
 RASMOL, MOLMOL, Chimera, Hyperchem and other MM/MD
software.
 Software of Microarray analysis – design, processing and analysis

BTB - 203 PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES OF PLANT

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY [2 + 1 CREDITS]
SEMESTER - II
THEORY [2 CREDITS]
 Basic concept of metabolism in life processes
a. Macro molecules and their interaction for cellular functioning
b. Primary and secondary metabolism: need and pathways in
plants
 Genetic make up of plant genome
a. Nuclear and organelle genomes
b. Chromosomes: Structure and function
 Genes structure and regulation
 a. Gene structure and elements
b. Regulatory elements (cis and Trans)
 General models of gene expression and regulation
 Methods of genetic engineering in plants
a. Isolation and utilization of genes.
b. Transgenic developments: Methods and problems
c. Recent approaches for directed gene modifications
 Development and differentiation in plants
a. Physiological and biochemical basis
b. Genetic regulation of spatial and temporal deve lopment
 Secondary metabolism in plants
a. The house keeping functions of genes
b. Defense related functions of genes
c. Metabolic pathways and genes
 Functional genomics and beyond
 Defining the genome: from size to functions
 DNA fingerprinting to mark ers for gene tagging
 Expression analysis at transcriptome and proteome level
 Pathway engineering in medicinal and aromatic plants
a. Alkaloids
b. Terpenoids
c. Others
 PRACTICAL [1 CREDIT]
 DNA RNA isolation and handling
 Reverse transcription PCR (RT -PCR)
 cDNA libraries & EST analysis
 Southern Hybridization
 Automated DNA sequencing & Synthesis
 RAPD and AFLP
 Real time expression analysis
 Microarray analysis for function
 ID and 2D electrophoresis
 Protein structure and function through MALDI -TOF-TOF.

BTB - 204 PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGIES [2 + 1

CREDITS]

SEMESTER - II

THEORY [2 CREDITS]
 Plants, genes and crop biotechnology – Basic perspectives
 Strategies for plant improvement – passage from conventional to
modern genomic tools
 Molecular plant breeding – molecular markers and marker assisted
selections
 Manipulation of gene expression
 Plasmids, vectors and designer gene constructs
 Techniques for plant transformation – principal and theory
 Characterization of transgenics
 Molecular pharming through metabolic en gineering
a. Terpenoids
b. Alkaloids
c. Flavonoids
d. Nutraceuticals
 Recombinant specialty crops for therapeutic proteins and vaccines
 Transgenic research - ecological impacts, public perception and
economics
 Bio-safety, Regulatory and, IPR considerations for plant biotechnology

PRACTICAL [1 CREDIT]
 Handling and processing of Agrobacterium strains for plant
transformation
 Methods of gene transfer
 Purification and restriction analysis of plasmids
 Developing plasmid and gene constructs and their mobilization .
 Confirmation of transformation (GUS assay, Southern hybridization,
RT-PCR)
 Multiplication and maintenance of transgenics
 CHEMICAL SCIENCES [CSC]
CSC - 201 NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY
[2 + 1 CREDITS]
SEMESTER- I
THEORY [2 CREDITS]
 Natural Product Chemi stry and its importance in our life
 Classification and chemotaxonomy of Natural Products.
 Activity guided fractionation, isolation and characterization of leads
from natural products
 Principles and applications of Flash, Low pressure, Medium pressure
and Over pressure liquid chromatography
 Recent advances in drugs from tradition plants
13
 CNMR Spectroscopy: An extremely dependable probe in the
structure elucidation of natural products
 Structure elucidation of natural products by EI/CI -MS, FAB-MS
 Hybrid Instruments for Structure elucidation of natural products by LC -
MS and LC-MS/MS
 Resolution of enantiomeric mixtures
 Separation methods in carbohydrates
 Biogenesis of Steroids, Terpenoids and Carbohydrates
 Chemistry of Steroids and Triterpenoids
 Introduction of essential oil: Chemistry of essential oils (structure of
mono and sesquiterpenes), occurrence and their isolation processes
like cold-press, distillation, enflurage, preparation of concrete and
absolute.
 Quality control in essential oils: Physico -chemical properties, specific
gravity, refractive index, solubility, acid value, ester value, ester value
after Acetylation and their determination.
 Analysis of essential oils by GC and GC -MS.
 Chemistry of essential oils of commercially important aromatic plants
Mints and Cymbopogon species as case example.
 Extraction and isolation of Plants Secondary Metabolites (PSM)
 Column chromatographic techniques and various adsorbents used in
the purification of PSM
 Advancement in NMR methodology for characterizing PSM
 Alkaloids used as “Abuse Drugs”
 Natural Products used in Forensic Science
 Methods of Natural Products up scaling from Lab to Industrial scale.
 PRACTICAL [1 CREDIT]
 Selection of suitable solvent for extraction of Alkaloids and Saponins
 Acid-base extraction and fractionation of alkaloids at different pH
 TLC profiles of alkaloids extracted at different pH.
 Selection of suitable solvent for extraction of saponins
 Fractionation of saponin crude extract with different polarity solvents
 TLC profile of various sapon in fractions
 Selection of a suitable column and adsorbent for Vacuum Liquid
Chromatography (VLC)
 Packing of VLC column, elution, monitoring and pooling of fractions on
the basis of their TLC profile.
 Selection of adsorbent and preparation of rotor for Chromatotron.
 Loading of natural product on the rotor, elution of column, monitoring
and pooling of fractions on the basis of their Chromatotron TLC profile.
 Determination of Physical Constants of Essential Oils
 Determination of Chemical Properties of Essen tial Oils

CSC - 202 ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY [2 + 1 CREDITS]

THEORY [2 CREDITS]
SEMESTER - I
 Chemical Separation in Analytical Chemistry: Principles, Techniques
and Experiments
 Modern Thin-Layer Chromatography: practical aspects.
 Planner chromatography in p lant sciences
 Statistical assessment of Analytical Data
 High performance liquid chromatography: principles.
 Column theory
 Detection techniques.
 HPLC methods in natural products
 Pharmaceutical chemistry
 Biotechnology
 Development and Validation of HPLC met hods for drug substances
and drug product.
 HPLC Operational troubleshooting: Instrumental and Chemical
considerations
 Introduction to NMR and NMR Parameters.
 One Dimensional Experiments: 1H NMR, Carbon -13 NMR and Carbon-
13 Editing
 Two Dimensional Experimen ts: Homonuclear Correlations,
Heteronuclear Correlations
 Principle and Methodology: Gas Chromatography
 GC-MS
 LC-MS / MS: Principles and application in Natural Products
 Counter Current Chromatography: Principle and its application in
Natural Product Separation
 Centrifugal Partition Chromatography: Principle and its application in
Natural Product Separation
 PRACTICAL [1 CREDIT]
 Development of a suitable solvent system for the better separation of
constituents;
 Preparation of samples and loading on HPTLC pl ate.
 Multi-wavelength scanning of HPTLC plates
 Data acquisition and estimation of bioactive c onstituent in the various
plant samples using HPTLC.
 Selection of suitable HPLC column
 HPLC Method development
 Sample preparation for HPLC
 Quantification of bioactive constituent in the extract.

CSC - 203 ADVANCES IN SYNTHETIC CHEMISTRY

[2 + 1 CREDITS]
SEMESTER - II
THEORY [2 CREDITS]
 Total synthesis of natural products
 Chemical transformation of bioactive natural products into compounds
having potential biological activities.
 Combinatorial Chemistry: Basic principle, solid phase synthesis, resin
and linkers for solid phase synthesis, solution phase synthesis, parallel
synthesis, analytical techniques.
 Name Reactions in organic synthesis: Aldol condensation, Arndt-Eistert
synthesis, Baeyer-Villiger rear., Barton-Mccombie reaction, Beckman
rearrangement, Benzidine rear., Benzilic acid rear., Cannizaro reaction,
Chichibabin reaction, Claisen -Schmidt reaction, Dakin reaction,
Darzen’s condensation, Dickmann condensation, Ene reaction,
Favorskii Rearr., Pinacol -pinacolon rear., Fischer Indole synthesis,
Friedel-craft reaction, Fries rear., Mannich reaction, McMurry reaction,
Peterson reaction, Heck reaction, Sharpless epoxidation, Jacobson
epoxidation, Sharpless dihydroxylation, Swern oxidation, Wittig
reaction, Witiig rear., etc.
 Reagents for Oxidation: Jones reagent, Pyridine chlorochromate,
Collins reagent, Serette’s reagent, Corey’s reagent, Selenium dioxide,
Potassium permanganate, m-Chloroperbenzoic acid, Swern oxidation,
Osmium tetraoxide etc.
 Reagents for Reduction: Catalytic hydrogenation, Pd -C, Raney Nickel,
Lindlar’s catalyst, Wilkinson’ catalyst, Sodium borohydride, Lithium
aluminium hydride, DiBAL, Sodium cyanoborohydride, Na -NH3,
Clemmensen reduction, Wolff-Kishner reduction, Aluminium alkoxides.
 Miscellaneous reagents: Diazomethane, poly phosphoric acid, Gilman
reagents, Lithium diisopropylamide (LDA), DABCO, Butyl lithium, DCC,
EDC, HOBt, Potassium t -butoxide, Phase transfer catalysis, Crown
ethers, Baker’s yeast, p-TSA, Diazomethane, N -bromo succinimide,
PPA, DBU, DDQ, Trifluoroacetic acid etc.
  Protection and deprotection of functional groups in organic synthesis:
Reagents for protection and deprotection of alcohols, phenols,
carbonyls, carboxylic acid groups, amino groups in organic synthesis.

PRACTICAL [1 CREDIT]
 Oxidation of secondary alcohols.
 Oxidation at allylic and benzylic positions.
 Reduction of aldehydes and ketones.
 Reduction of carboxylic esters.
 Protection of phenolic groups by etheri fication.
 Protection of phenolic groups as esterification.
 Protection of alcohols.
 Protection of carboxylic acids.

CSC - 204 ADVANCES IN EXTRACTION AND

PROCESSING TECHONOLOGIES [2 + 1
CREDITS]

SEMESTER - II
THEORY [2 CREDITS]
 Methods of distillation,
 Enfleurage, maceration and extraction with volatile solvents,
 Supercritical extraction,
 Hydroflurocarbon extraction,
 Microwave extraction
 Fractional distillation of essential oils, etc.
 Processing technologies of MAPs.

PRACTICAL [1 CREDIT]
 Pilot scale processing of medicinal plants
o Drying and grinding
o Extraction of plant material using different
solvents under various conditions.
o Fractionation
o Distillation of solvent under reduced
pressure under optimum conditions.
 Processing of essential oils from a romatic plants by hydro distillation
o Steam distillation,
o Maceration
o Extraction by solvent.
o Fractionation

OPTIONAL COURSES CREDIT TOTAL 4

PSC - 101 POST HARVEST TECHNOLOGY [1 + 1 CREDITS]
SEMESTER - I
THEORY [1 CREDIT]
Overview of post-harvest handling
a. Extent of post harvest losses
b. Importance and advantages of appropriate technologies
Harvesting of produce
a. Concept of maturity
b. Maturity indices
c. Pre-harvest quality modifiers
d. Trimming, cleaning and drying technologies
Post-harvest physiology
a. Physiological disorders
i. Development
ii Identification
iii. Control
Post-harvest diseases and losses by insects
a. Types of diseases
b. Source of infection
c. Factors affecting disease development
d. Losses by insects
Prevention techniques for post-harvest losses
a. Storage techniques
b. Biorational approaches
Value addition
a. Standardization, improvement of quality
b. The production process and marketability e.g. marketable
products of
Aloe
c. Herbal tea, soups, biodiesel (Jatropha) etc.
Post harvest technology of safed musli, ashwagandha and artemisia etc.
Post harvest technology for Ocimum, Geranium etc.
Packaging and transport of produce
a. Functions of packaging
b. Damage caused by packaging
c. Types of packaging
Processing and utilization of herbs
a. Extraction and processing
b. Downstream processing
c. Post harvest processing equipments

PRACTICAL [1 CREDIT]
Harvesting methods
Drying and processing
Extraction methods
Identification of diseas es
Identification of insect-pests
Packaging technologies
PSC – 102 AGRO PHYSIOLOGY [1 + 1 CREDITS]
SEMESTER- I

THEORY [1 CREDIT]
Plant cell-structure and functions of organelles

Basic understanding of mechanism of Photosynthesis, environment effe cts on

photosynthesis

Mechanism of respiration, photorespiration

Mineral nutrition, Essential Elements, solute transport, phytoremediation

Nitrogen assimilation and fixation

Water transport ,Water Potential , Relative water content, , Plant water status

Stress physiology, biotic and abiotic stresses

Pysiology of Plant Growth and Development, effect of environmental factors,

growth analysis

Auxins and gibberellins, role in flowering, root initiation, leaf and stem growth,
seed germination

Cytokinins and cell division, ethylene and senescence, fruit ripening

Abscisic acid. Role in abiotic stress ,dormancy, stomatal physiology

,Signalling of plant defense responses -jasmonic acid

Phytochrome and photomorphogenesis, Daylength and low

temperature(chilling) effect on plant growth

PRACTICAL [1CREDIT]

Mineral nutrition- stock solution preparation, start growing plants in water

culture and sand culture

Mesurement of gas exchange parameters, light measurement

Determination of chlorophyll

Measurement of water potential and relative water content of plants

Determination of proline content of plant sample

Isolation, extraction and estimation of ABA and IAA from plant sample.

Bioassay studies on inhibitors

Effect of chilling, ethrel on seed germination on amyl ase and acid

phosphatase enzymes
PSC – 103 PRINCIPLES OF PLANT TAXONOMY AND
PHARMACOGNOSY [1 + 1 CREDITS]
SEMESTER - II
THEORY [1 CREDIT]

PART - I
PLANT TAXONOMY
Fundamentals of plant Classification: History and development of plant
taxonomy, ranks and systems of classification
Principles of botanical nomenclature : Binomial system, International Code of
Botanical Nomenclature-important rules, specific epithets
Methodologies for Taxonomic identification of plants : Plant description and
terminology, floral formula and diagram, key to the identification of plants
of important families
Recent trends in plant taxonomy: Numerical taxonomy, Chemotaxonomy,
molecular taxonomy
Bio diversity and its significance in relation to MAPs

PART – II
PHARMACOGNOSY
Introduction to Pharmacognosy : Natural sources of drug, classification of
drug, phyto-constituents of therapeutic value
Drug evaluation: Botanical, physical, chemical and biological evaluation of
drugs
Principles related to commercial production of drugs : Effect of climate, growth
period on active constituents, methodologies for harvest and storage
Plants in complementary and Traditional systems of medicine - an overview

PRACTICAL [1 CREDIT]
PART – I
Techniques for plant collection and herbarium preparatio n
Practical hand on plant identification with particular reference to MAPs

PART – II
Techniques for macroscopy and microscopy for studying drug samples
Determination of identity, purity and strength of drug samples
Techniques for Electron microscopy

PSC – 104 BASIC AND APPLIED STATISTICS [1 + 1 CREDITS]

SEMESTER - II

THEORY [1 CREDIT]
Introduction, Data Tabulation, Diagrammatic and Graphical Repr esentation:
Definition, Aims, Limitation, Classification, Tabulation, Types of Tabulation,
Types of Diagrams, Graphical Representations, Utility and Limitations.
Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion: Characteristics of Satisfactory
Average, Arithmetic, Geometric, Harmonic, Weighted Mean, Median,
 Mode, Range, Mean Deviation, Standard Deviation, Variance, Coefficient
of variation, Standard Error.
Test of Significance and Goodness of Fit: Statistical Hypotheses, Parametric
and Non-Parametric Hypothesis, Null Hypothesis, Statistical Significance,
Levels of Significance, Degrees of Freedom, Student’s t test, Goodness of
Fit, χ2-Test, Conditions for the Application of χ 2- Test.
Regression and Correlation : Bivaiate universe or population, Arrays and
Correlation, Measurement of Corre lation, Intra-class, Rank, Partial and
Multiple Correlations, Lines of Regression, Regression Coefficients, Limits
and Range of γ- Correlation Coefficient expressed in terms of Regression
Coefficients.
Probability : Introduction, Definitions, Mathematical and Experimental
Approach, Simple and Compound Events, Independent and Dependent
Events, Laws of Composition of Events, Certainity and Impossibilty,
Limiting values and Range of Probability, Permutation and Combinations.
Principles of Experimental Design a nd Analysis of Variance and Covariance:
Validity, Soil Heterogeneity and Uniformity Trial, Precision and Accuracy,
Basic Principles of Field Experimentation, Experimental Technique.
Sampling: Aims of Sampling, Types of Population, Choice of Sampling
Methods, Multi-stage and Multi-phase Sampling.
Completely Randomized, Randomized Block and Latin Square Design:
Description, Treatments, Randomization, Statistical Analysis, Merits and
Demerits.
Factorial Experiments:Factorial Concept, Simple Effect, Main Effect s and
Interactions, Interactions of Higher Order, Comparision or Contrast,
Calculation of Sum of Squares due to Comparisions, Statistical Analysis of
a 23 experiment.
Confounding: Orthogonality, Confounding, Priciples of Confounding in a 2 3
Factorial Experiment, Statistical Analysis of Completely Confounded 2 3
Factorial Experiments.
Split-plot Design: Description, Relation to the Confounded Factorial Designs,
Structure of Analysis of Variance, Standard Error in Split -plot Experiments,
Testing the Significance of the Differences among the treatment means,
Statistical Analysis, Advantage and Disadvantage.
Statistics and Computer : Calculation in Statistics, Softwares in Aid to
Statistcs, Working with Useful Software to Agricultural Researches.

PRACTICAL [1 CREDIT]
Sampling and Collection of Data
Tabulation and Graphical Representation of Data
Testing of Hypotheses (Numerical Problems)
Numerical Problems on Correlation and Regressioin
Analysing the experimental data of completely randomized, randomized bloc k
and latin square design
Analysing the experimental data from Factorial and Confounding 2 3 factors )
Analysing the experimental data from Split -plot Design
Acquainting with menue based Software useful to Agricultural
Researches(SPAR-1)
Developing the Computing Skills using Excel
Analysing the Data generated through various breeding experiments I , II, III
BTB – 101 PLANT TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES [1 + 1 CREDITS]

SEMESTER – I
THEORY [1 CREDIT]
 Journey from a cell to plant – The in vitro morphogeneti c patterns
 Somatic embryogenesis – Theory, experimental control and molecular
basis
 Protoplast isolation, culture and fusions
 Tissue banking
 Secondary metabolism in vitro
 Bioreactor up-scaling of the in vitro operations
 Cell culture approaches for crop m odifications
 Genetic transformations

PRACTICAL [1 CREDIT]
 Formulation and preparation of culture media
 The sterilization techniques and methods to overcome microbial
contamination in plant tissue cultures
 Initiation and modification of morphogenic pathway s through external
factors
 Protoplast isolation and fusions
 Preparation of artificial seeds
 Induction of transformed hairy roots for gene expression and
secondary metabolite production
 In vitro mutagenesis, cell line selections and bio -transformation
 Hardening and acclimatization of in vitro raised plants

BTB - 102 BIOCHEMISTRY [1 + 1 CREDITS]

SEMESTER - I
THEORY [1 CREDIT]
 An Overview of Structures and Functions of Major Bio -organic
Constituents: Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, DNA, RNAs,
Terpenoids, Flavanoids, Alkaloids
 Enzymes: An Overview of Kinetics and Regulation, Promiscous
Biocatalysis and Moonlight Functions
 Metabolic Pathways and their Regulatory Mechanisms: Some Case
Examples
 Secondary Metabolic Pathways: The Processes, their Biochemica l
Craft after Primary Pathways, Metagenomics, Evolutionary Genomics,
Biochemicstry and Functional Biology
 Plant Secondary Metabolism: Metabolic and Molecular Modes of their
induction and regulation
 Biochemical Fate of Secondary Metabolites
 Too Many Phytochemicals Made and Managed with Few Enzymes
 Metabolic and Functional Diversity: Anaplerotic routes, divergence of
protein sequences vis -à-vis evolution of biochemical functions
 Biochemistry in Biotechno logy and Metabolic Engineering
 Physiology and Biochemistry of Genetically Engineered Plants: Mosaic
of Successes and Lessons
 Genomics of Biotransformation and its Industrial Applications

PRACTICAL [1 CREDIT]
 Analytical Biochemistry: Spectrophotometry, Flouresence Spectrometry,
Radiometry etc.
 Isolation and estimation of protein and nucleic acids
 Isolation of functional enzymes from plants
 Enzyme assays
 Enzyme kinetics
 Electrophoretic techniques for enzymes, proteins and nucleic acids
 Comparative Biochemistry: Bioinformatic Analyses.

BTB - 103 MICROBIOLOGY [1 + 1 CREDITS]

SEMESTER - II
THEORY [1 CREDIT]
Introduction to microbiology : History, Classification
Introduction to Microorganisms : Bacteria, Fungi, Algae, Viruses
Differentiation in Microorganisms and Prokaryotes
Single Cellular and Multi-cellular Life Forms
Microbial Physiology : Metabolism, Enzymes & their Regulations
Bacterial genetics : Genotypic changes (mutations)
Bacterial Genetics : Conjugation, Transduction, Transformation
Host-Microbe Interactions
Control of Microorganisms : Physical, Chemical, other Therapeutic Agents
Agricultural and environmental microorganism
Industrial Microorganisms
Microorganisms and Diseases : Humans and Plants

PRACTICAL [1 CERDIT]
 Microscopic examination
 Cultivation of microorganisms
 Single colony purificati on and titre estimation
 Determining growth curve
 Biochemical characterization including Gram staining
 Intrinsic antibiotic and drug resistance markers
 Antimicrobial activity evaluation assays
 Mutagenesis (Chemical)
 Isolation of Bacterial Genomic DNA
 Isolation of Plasmid DNA

BTB - 104 BASIC GENETICS [1 + 1 CREDITS]

SEMESTER – II
THEORY [1 CREDIT]
 Concept of inheritance in different life forms
 Mendel’s work and laws of inheritance
 Chromosome theory of inheritance and linkage
 Evolution of gene concept
a. One gene one character
b. Cis-trans complementation test and gene as unit of function,
mutation
and recombination
c. Gene interaction
d. Polygenes and polygenic inheritance
e. Gene environment interaction
f. Linkage and crossing over
g. Sex linkage and sex determination
h. Chromosomal aberrations
i. Mutation
j. One gene-one enzyme, one gene-one polypeptide hypothesis
and beyond

 Gene structure and function

a. Chemical basis of gene/genetic material
b. Structure and function of DNA
c. Gene structure: Cis and trans elements, overlapping and split
genes, transposable elements
d. Genetic code, gene expression in prokaryotes
 Forward and reverse genetics
a. Genetic mapping
b. Physical mapping
c. Gene cloning and modification
d. DNA sequencing
e. Concept of genomics
 Molecular genetics and genetic engineering
a. Basis
b. Applications

PRACTICAL [1 CREDIT]
 Basic genetics experiment in E.coli
 Inheritance and crossing experiments in Drosophila
 Scoring for F 1 and F2 populations for contrast traits in plants
 Mutation experiments in Bacteria
 DNA isolation from bacteria (Plasmid and Genomic)
 DNA isolation from plant (Organelle and Genomic)
 Learning basis of DNA fingerprinting through RAPD and restriction
analysis
 Mendellian segregation and gene interaction: Numericals

CSC - 101 MODERN INSTRUMENTATI ON [1+1 CREDITS]

SEMESTER- I
THEORY [1 CREDIT]
 Analytical Instrumentation overview: Introduction, Signal and noise
 Spectroscopic Methods: Properties of electromagnet ic radiation,
Instruments for optical spectroscopy, Atomic spectroscopy and ICP,
Molecular spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic spectroscopy
 Mass spectrometry: Introduction, Gas chromatography, High performance
liquid chromatography, Capillary electrophoresis an d other separation
techniques
 Electronics: Electrical/electronic components and circuits, Digital electronic
 Electron Microscopy: Fixation embedding, knife making, microtomy,
specimen mounting, Specimen staining TEM use, TEM use SEM
specimen preparation, S EM use, dark room data documentation,
Scanning tunnelling microscope and atomic force microscope

PRACTICAL [1 CREDIT]
 Recording of proton and 13C -NMR spectra: Sample preparation, putting
the sample inside the magnet, locking on the solvent, shimming the
sample, fixing the parameters, acquisition of data, recording of spectra,
integration of proton spectra, recording of proton noise decoupled carbon
NMR, recording of DEPT 90 and DEPT 135 spectra.
 Hands on GC and GC-MS analysis: GC analysis of essential oils: selection
of suitable column, optimization of GC conditions for best resolution of the
oil sample. GC-MS analysis of essential oils: analysis of oil sample on the
basis of previously developed GC conditions, recording of GC -MS spectra,
identification of individual peaks on the basis of its MS fragmentation
pattern with the help of library.
 Applications of Electron Microscope for Biological Samples.

CSC - 102 STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION OF ORGANIC

MOLECULES [1 + 1 CREDITS]

SEMESTER - I
THEORY [1 CREDIT]
 Unsaturation and functional group identification by UV/IR.
 Structure elucidation by NMR.
 Molecular weight determination by Mass spectrometry
 Structural confirmation of
Diterpenoids,
Alkaloids,
Monoterpenoids,
Flavonoids,
Carbohydrates,
Triterpenoids,
Steroids,
Sesquiterpenoids,
Steroidal alkaloids.

PRACTICAL [1 CREDIT]
Characterization of unsaturation in organic molecules by UV
Functional group identification by IR
Essential oil characterization by GC -MS
Structure determination by vari ous NMR experiments
Characteristic differentiation of flavonoids on the basis of UV, IR, NMR and
Mass spectrometery.
CSC - 103 CHROMATOGRAPHIC TECH NIQUES
[1 + 1 CREDITS]
THEORY [1 CREDIT]
 High Performance Liquid Chromatography: Principles
 HPLC: Methods in Natural Products
 Modern Thin-Layer Chromatography: Practical Aspects
 TLC Chromatography in Plant Sciences
 Measuring Diffusion with PFG’s
 Diffusion Order Spectroscopy (DOSY)
 Enantioselective GC in flavor and fragrance Analysis: Strategies for
Identification of Plant Volatiles
 GC-MS: Applications in Plant Volatile Identification.
 Analysis of Natural Products by LC -MS
 Analysis of Natural Products by LC -MS/MS
 Centrifugal Accelerated Radial TLC (Cromotron): Principles and its
Applications in Natural Product Separation.
 Vaccum Liquid Chromatography: Principles and its Applications in Natural
Product Separation.

PRACTICAL [1 CREDIT]
 Separation of natural products by column chromatography: Selection of
suitable adsorbent, preparation of slurry and its loading on the column,
elution of the column with gradient solvent system, monitoring and pooling
of fractions on the basis of TLC profile.
 Separation of natural products by Centrifugal Partition chromatography
(CPC)
 Separation and Centrifugal Partition chromatogr aphy (CPC): selection of
solvent system, determination of partition coefficient, selection of mobile
and stationary phase, injection of compound, separation of compound.
 Instrumental methods of analysis with HPLC,HPTLC, GC and GC -MS

CSC - 104 PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY [1+1CREDITS]

SEMESTER – II
THEORY [1 CREDIT]
 Fundamentals of Medicinal chemistry: Drugs history, mechanism of drug
action, drug discovery process, modern drug designing, Lead
identification, lead optimization, receptor theories, agonists an d
antagonists, ADME, Lipinski’s Rule, Drug efficacy, half life of drug, soft
drug design, Drug testing and clinical phases.
 Chemistry and biology of some anticancer leads from plants:
Camptothecin, Podophyllotoxin, Taxol, Combretastatin A4.
 Synthesis of oligosaccharides.
 Synthesis of drug analogues.
 Novel anticancer agents from natural products.
 Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors from plants.
 Medicinal uses and biosynthesis of Nitric oxide.
 Recent advances in Immunomodulators from plants.

PRACTICAL [1 CREDIT]
 Chemical transformation of Tritepenoids
 Preparation of semisynthetic analogs of bioactive natural products
 Chemical transformation of Taxoids.
 Preparation of various synthetic analogs of bioactive taxoids
 Semisynthetic approaches for phenolic compounds.
 Asymmetric synthesis using Sharpless dihydroxylation.
 Preparation of /- isomers of sesquiterpenoid
 Chromatographic purification of /- isomers of sesquiterpene.