Other Publications by the Author

The New College Latin & English Dictionary, Second Edition, 1994. Amsco School Publications, Inc., 315 Hudson Street, New York, NY 10013-1085. ISBN 0-87720-561-2. Second Edition, 1995. Simultaneously published by Bantam Books, Inc., 1540 Broadway, New York, NY 10036. ISBN 0-553-57301-2. Latin is Fun: Book I: Lively Lessons for Beginners. Amsco, 1989. ISBN 0-87720-550-7. Teachers Manual and Key. Amsco, 1989. ISBN 0-87720-554-X. Latin is Fun: Book II: Lively Lessons for Beginners. Amsco, 1995. ISBN 0-87720-565-5. Teachers Manual with Answers. Amsco, 1995. ISBN 0-87720-567-1. The New College German & English Dictionary. Amsco, 1981. ISBN 0-87720-584-1. Bantam, 1981. ISBN 0-533-14155-4. German Fundamentals: Basic Grammar and Vocabulary. 1992. Barrons Educational Series, Inc., Hauppauge, NY 11788. Lingua Latina: Book I Latin First Year. Amsco, 1999, ISBN 1-56765-426-6 (Hardbound); ISBN 1-56765-425-8 (Softbound). Teachers Manual and Key, 1999, ISBN 1-56765-428-2. Lingua Latina: Book II: Latin Second Year. Amsco, 2001, ISBN 1-56765-429-0 (Softbound); Teachers Manual and Key, Amsco, 2001, ISBN 1-56765-431-2

Contents

Acknowledgements ...........................................................8 How to Use This Book......................................................9 Pronunciation...................................................................10 Abbreviations ..................................................................14 Chapter I: Greetings ........................................................15 Boy meets girl. Mario runs into his friend Julia. Tullia introduces her friend to Luke. Chapter II: Family ...........................................................20 The censor asks the father some questions. A son learns about his family tree from his father. Two friends discuss their family circumstances. Chapter III: School ..........................................................25 Checking on homework. Getting the lesson straight. A teacher conducts her class efficiently. The Pledge of Allegiance Chapter IV: Daily Activities ...........................................35 Mother calls from downstairs to wake her daughters. Two sisters bicker as they get ready for the day. Mother and daughters do the daily chores.

Conversational Latin Chapter V: Sports and Other Leisure Activities ............40 Her teacher asks Dorothy how she spends her free time. His teacher asks Theodore how he spends his free time. Paula and Robert discuss sports. Chapter VI: The Human Body ........................................55 The teacher notices that Linda looks sick. She asks Linda what is wrong with her. A doctor is called in for the sick little girl, Scintilla. A doctor arrives at the scene of a fire to treat one of the victims, a young man. Chapter VII: Health and Physical Fitness .......................60 A trainer interviews a young athlete. The trainer attends to an injured athlete. A mother checks her daughters health. Chapter VIII: Food and Drink.........................................67 A waitress waits on a senator. A waiter serves dinner. Planning a shopping trip. Chapter IX: Days, Weeks, Months, Years ......................74 Two friends discuss their birthdays. Two friends discuss their favorite seasons. A father gives his son some family history. Chapter X: Expressions of Time .....................................82 Marie asks her friend how he spends his days. A coach interviews a new athlete. A traveler is about to take a bus trip to Florida. Chapter XI: Useful Colloquial Expressions....................90 Brian finds Jeffrey to be in a hurry. Phyllis wants to discuss a problem with Marie. Annette turns to her sister for advice.

Contents Chapter XII: Clothing and Jewelry ...............................113 Priscilla buys clothes. Peter buys some winter clothes. Two daughters get dressed for a party. Chapter XIII: House and Furniture ...............................119 Cynthia tries to persuade her friend Gloria to come to her house to play. A potential buyer wants to purchase a home through a real estate agent. Sabina tries to impress her friend Silvia with the big home her parents own. Chapter XIV: Buying and Selling .................................127 Lydia explains to Diane why she bought new clothes. Sulpicia explains why she is going shopping. A storekeeper makes a sale. Chapter XV: The Weather ............................................132 A boy and a girl in Rome contrast the weather of Rome with that of Switzerland. Martha explains to her teacher how the weather kept her from going to school. The weather of Rome and Switzerland is again debated. Chapter XVI: Animals ..................................................138 A visit to the zoo. A visit to a pet shop. Young Mark visits old Catos farm. Chapter XVII: Emotions and Qualities .........................146 Diane and Debbie discuss the new teacher. A new girlfriend is the subject of discussion. Sizing up a political candidate.

Conversational Latin Chapter XVIII: Trades and Professions ........................160 Donna gets a new hairdo. Choosing a career. A man plans to build a home. Chapter XIX: The City and Public Buildings ...............171 Discussing the merits of city life. Jennifer wants to go to town. Asking for directions in the city. Chapter XX: Government .............................................175 A father explains to his son his involvement in politics. A senator explains how government works. How the senate conducts business. Chapter XXI: War and Peace........................................182 Jenna finds that Dennis joined the army. A grandson asks his grandfather about his military service. Discussing the merits of alliances. Chapter XXII: Law and Criminal Justice .....................190 News of an important trial. The arrest of two hoodlums draws a crowd. A client gets himself a lawyer. Chapter XXIII: Geography and Topography ................198 Colin wants to migrate to the U.S. Rene wants to learn about the Tiber. Traveling from Rome to Greece. Chapter XXIV: Travel...................................................211 At the New York train station. At the airport. Getting ready to go by car.

Contents Chapter XXV: Teaching Grammar in Latin .................220 The Parts of Speech................................................220 The Noun................................................................220 The Pronoun ...........................................................223 The Verb.................................................................225 The Adverb.............................................................231 The Adjective .........................................................232 The Participle .........................................................233 The Gerund.............................................................234 The Gerundive........................................................235 The Conjunction.....................................................235 The Preposition ......................................................236 The Interjection ......................................................237 The Accent .............................................................237 The Parsing of Words ............................................238 Appendix I: Yes and No in Latin..................................250 Appendix II: Colors.......................................................251 Appendix III: Numbers .................................................253 Appendix IV: Proverbs and Sayings .............................254 Appendix V: Computer Terms......................................260 Appendix VI: Cants Latn (Latin Songs) ...................263 General Vocabulary.......................................................267 Selected Bibliography ...................................................411

Acknowledgements
A debt of gratitude is due to Professor Terence O. Tunberg, of the University of Kentucky, to Professor Jeffrey Wills of the Ukrainian Catholic University, to Professor David W. Morgan of Furman University, SC, and to Professor Christopher Gerald Brown of Ohio State University, for their many suggestions for improvement in both form and substance and for sharing their resources with me. Dr. Domenic M. Roberti, chemistry professor turned desktop publisher, gave much helpful advice; he is responsible for the page design and typesetting of this book. I am also grateful to Thomas Reed, Sterling, VA, and to Mark Miner, Scottsdale, GA, for proofreading the text. The author gratefully acknowledges the kind support of Dr. Ladislaus J. Bolchazy and the staff of BolchazyCarducci Publishers, Inc.

How to Use This Book

Unlike your usual textbook, this book allows you to start at any chapter that interests you. Why? Because the chapters are not arranged in the order of difficulty. On the other hand, the model conversations in each chapter are arranged in order of difficulty. That is, the grammatical structures of the conversations at Level 1 are simpler than those at Levels 2 and 3. Therefore it is quite possible to go through the entire book using only the conversations at Level 1 and then go through the book again, using Levels 2 and 3. In the conversations you may run across grammatical forms that you have not covered in class as yet. For instance, you may come across the subjunctive form emus (lets go). It happened to be called for in that conversation. So what if you havent learned the entire subjunctive system as yet? You now know what it means, and so you can use it. You may be used to working your way through a Latin sentence in order to come up with a translation. In this book you are provided with an English translation of all the Latin. (And youll notice that the translations are not the stiff, literal versions that are sometimes found in textbooks.) So the idea is to practice the model conversations until you have pretty well mastered them. One way to do this is for you to switch roles with your partner and repeat the dialogue again. Then you can proceed to the next stage. This is most easily done by drawing on the topical vocabulary in the chapter to form new Latin conversations of your own choosing on the topic at hand. Because the book is arranged with its facing Latin and English texts, it lends itself to your covering one side, whether the Latin or the English, and then speaking the part in the language that is covered; you could then uncover the concealed text to see how you have done. The topical vocabulary of each chapter contains not only the words that have occurred in the model conversations but also additional words on that topic that will make it possible for you to have new conversations. The general vocabulary that occurred in the conversations of each chapter is assembled at the end of the book, together with additional useful words. But that general vocabulary will not meet all your needs. You will then have to consult a Latin-English dictionary. Be sure to make full use of the topical vocabulary of the various chapters, no matter what topic you are dealing with. For instance, Chapter XI contains hundreds of everyday expressions that will come in handy in any conversation. Furthermore, whenever you need some expression of time, you will probably find the expression you want in Chapters IX and X. You should use both the topical and general vocabularies to look for the words you need. To make it easier for you to find what you are looking for, the phrases are arranged alphabetically according to the key word in each phrase. For example, you want to say that someone is feeding a person a line. In Chapter XI you will find it under the word line, like this: line: that fellow is feeding you a line iste tibi verba dat. Sometimes there could be two possible key words in a phrase. If you do not find the phrase under the one key word, check under the other. For instance, in the phrase quoted above, either feed or line can be considered key words. In this case, the phrase is listed under line; it could have been listed under feed as well. Such double entries would have made the book too bulky. In conversational Latin, meaningful and realistic communication is the aim and goal. Accuracy comes with practice.

Pronunciation
VOWELS _________________________________________
e CLASSICAL METHOD a in ago: compr a in father: img e in pet: proper a in late: lnis i in hit: qud ee in keen: amcus o in often: mdus o in hope: nmen u in put: t u in rude: tor in German Htte: mrta in German ber: Tdeus LATE LATIN METHOD

Generally the same as in the Classical Method. However, in practice the different values of the vowels are frequently not rigidly adhered to.

NoteThe length of a long vowel is about one and one half that of a short vowel.

DIPHTHONGS ______________________________________
CLASSICAL METHOD ae y in by: caecus au ow in now: nauta ei ey in they: hei e}u eu in hey you (without the h and y): Orphe}us o{e oi in oil: co{epit ui uey in gluey: cui; after q, wee in week: qui LATE LATIN METHOD ae a in late: caecus au as in Classical Method ei as in Classical Method eu as in Classical Method oe a in late: coepit ui same as in Classical Method

10

Pronunciation

11

CONSONANTS ______________________________________
b c CLASSICAL METHOD English b always c in can: cvis, cant LATE LATIN METHOD b English b c before e, i, ae, or oe = ch in cherry: celsus, cvis, caelum, coepit, but before other letters, c in can: cant, actus d English d f English f g before e or i = g in gentle: genus, regna, but before other letters except g and n (see under Consonant Groups) = g in go: gallna, grtus, gula, rog h English h i as in Classical Method, sometimes written j k English k l English l m English m

d f g

English d English f always g in go: gallna, genus

h i

English h y in yes: iam, iung

k English k, but unaspirated l English l m English m, but in verse final m before an initial vowel or h in the following word was presumably not pronounced n English n p English p, but unaspirated q English q r trilled r as in the Romance languages s always s in sing: miser, mors

n p q r s

English n English p English q as in Classical Method s in sing: sals, but when standing between two vowels or when final and preceded by a voiced consonant = z in dozen: miser, mors as in Classical Method as in Classical Method

t u

English t, but unaspirated, as t in water w in wine, when unaccented, preceded by q, sometimes by s, and sometimes by g, and followed by a vowel: quia, suvis (but surum), distingu (but exigus)

t u

12

Conversational Latin

CONSONANTS ______________________________________
v x w in wine: vv x in six: extr v x English v x (as ks) in six: px; but in words beginning with ex and followed by a vowel, h, or s, = x (as gz) in exhaust: exaud, exhl, exsolv as in Classical Method

dz in adze: zna z

CONSONANT GROUPS _______________________________

CLASSICAL METHOD bs ps in apse: obsd, urbs bs LATE LATIN METHOD bs in obsession: obsd, but in the final position = bs (as bz) in observe: urbs bt in obtain: obtinre before e or i = tch in catch: ecce, occd; but before other letters = kk in bookkeeper; occsum, occld as in Classical Method before e or i = dj in adjourn: agger; but before other letters = gg in leg guard: aggreg ny in canyon: dignus as in Classical Method ph in phoenix: phca as in Classical Method before e or i = sh in shin: ascend, sci; but before other letters = sc in scope: scand, sctum as in Classical Method

bt pt in captain: obtinre cc kk in bookkeeper: ecce, occd, occsum, occld ch ch in chaotic: pulcher gg gg in leg guard: agger

bt cc

ch gg

gn gu ph qu sc

ngn in hangnail: dignus see consonant u p-h in top-heavy: phca see consonant u sc in scope: sci, sctum

gn gu ph qu sc

su see consonant u

su

NoteDouble consonants are to be pronounced in such a way that each consonant is heard. For example, in the word agger (embankment), each g should be heard, in contrast to ager (field) with only one g.

Pronunciation th t in take: thetrum ti ti in English patio: nt

13

th as in Classical Method ti when preceded by s, t, or x, or when followed by a consonant = ti in English patio: hosta, admxt, fortter; but when unaccented, followed by a vowel, and preceded by any letter except s, t, or x = tzy in ritzy: nt, pretum

Abbreviations
abbr abl acc adj adjs adv advs anat biol cf coll comp comput conj dat defect dim eccl esp f fem fig fin fpl fut gen imperf impers indecl indef indic inf interj interrog intr leg ling lit loc m masc math mech abbreviation ablative accusative adjective adjectives adverb adverbs anatomy biology compare colloquial comparative computer conjunction dative defective diminutive ecclesiastical especially feminine noun feminine figurative finance feminine plural noun future fenitive imperfect impersonal verb indeclinable indefinite indicative infinitive interjection interrogative intransitive legal linguistics literal locative masculine noun masculine mathematics mechanics med mf mil mpl mus n neut nom npl opp part pass pej perf pl poet pol pp pref prep pres print pron refl rel relig rhet s singl s.o. spl s.th. subj suf superl topog tr usu v vulg w medical masculine or feminine noun military masculine plural noun music neuter noun neuter nominative neuter plural noun opposite participle passive pejorative perfect plural poetry politics past participle prefix preposition present printing pronoun reflexive relative religion rhetoric substantive singular someone substantive plural something subjunctive suffix superlative topography transitive usually verb vulgar with

14

Chapter I: Greetings
CONVERSATIONS ___________________________________
LEVEL I Paulus Glria Paulus Glria Paulus

Boy meets girl.

Paul: Hello! What is your name? Gloria: Hello yourself! My name is Gloria. Whats your name? My name is Paul. How are you doing? Im fine, thanks. How are you doing? Im fine. Hey, I know you. You live in the next block, dont you? Yes, I do. Whats new there? Nothing new. Goodbye, Paul. Goodbye, Gloria.

Salv! Quid est nmen tibi? Salv et t! Mihi nmen est Glria. Quid est nmen tibi? Nmen mihi est Paulus. Quid agis? Vale, grtis. Quid agis t? Vale. Hui, ego t nv! Nnne in proxim vc habits? Etiam, habit. Quid nov ibi? Nihil nov. Val, Paule. Val, Glria.

Glria Paulus Glria Paulus

LEVEL II Marius Ilia Marius Ilia Marius Ilia

Mario runs into his friend Julia.

Mario: Hello! How are you? Julia: Not bad. And you, Mario? I? Im doing fine. Hows your brother doing? How is he? Hes doing as well as ever. How is your family doing? All are doing fine.

Salv, Ilia! Ut vals? Nn male. Et t, Mar? Egone? Bene mihi est. Ut frter tuus valet? Salvus est? Sc valet ut numquam melius. Ut valet familia tua? Omns dom bene s habent.

15

16 Marius Ilia Marius Ilia Marius Ilia Marius Ilia

Conversational Latin Et amcus tuus, quid agit? Rct valet. Unde vens? D bibliothc. Qu t agis? Domum. Qun nunc abeundum mihi est. Val. Bene val. Cr ut vales. And your friend, how is he doing? Hes doing right well. Where are you coming from? From the library. Where are you going? Home. Well, I must go now. Goodbye. Goodbye. Take care of yourself.

LEVEL III Lcius Tullia Lcius

Tullia introduces her friend to Luke.

Luke: Hello, Tullia. How are you doing? Tullia: Hello, Luke. How are you doing?

Salva ss, Tullia. Quid agis? Salv, Lc. Quid agis t?

Nst m. M semper bell habe. You know me. Im always fine. Quis est haec puella quae tcum Who is this girl that you have est? with you? Lc, velim trdere tibi cnsbrnam meam, Prscillam. Prscilla, mihi pergrtum est t convenre. Habitsne in hc vcni? Ego ipse habit dus slum vcs hinc. Minim vr. Habit in oppidul Arde. Ardea? Estne in Campni an in Lati? In Lati, nn procul ab urbe. Dc mihi, quotis Rmam vens? Quotiscumque cnsbrna mea m invtat. Luke, Id like to introduce you to my cousin Priscilla. Priscilla, Im glad to meet you. Do you live in this neighborhood? I live only two blocks from here. No. I live in the little town of Ardea. Ardea? Is Ardea in Campania or in Latium? In Latium, not far from the city. Tell me, how often do you come to Rome? As often as my cousin invites me.

Tullia Lcius

Prscilla Lcius Prscilla Lcius Prscilla

Chapter I: Greetings Tullia

17

Haec hctenus! M paenitet, Lc, Enough of this. Im sorry, Luke, sed nbs nunc eundum est. but we have to go now. My Frter meus ns in gymnasi brother has been waiting a long iamddum exspectat. time for us in the gym. Tullia, amb t, iub frtrem Tullia, please say hello to your tuum Tullium salvre. Prscilla, brother Tullius. Priscilla, take cr ut vales. Mox, ut spr, t care of yourself. I hope to see iterum vidb. you again soon. Val. Cr ut vales. Bene val, Lc. Goodbye. Take care of yourself. Bye-bye, Luke.

Lcius

Tullia Prscilla

TOPICAL VOCABULARY______________________________
be fine bene s habre; vale |re |u to be very well rct valre goodbye val (pl: valte); bene val (pl: bene valte) hello! salv (pl: salvte); salvus (-a) ss how are you? (how are you doing?) quid agis? (pl: quid agitis?); ut vals? (pl: ut valtis?) I am fine bene mihi est introduce (to) trd |dere |did |ditus (+ dat) know defective v nv nvisse (you know nvist or nst) meet tr & intr conveno |venre |vn |ventus name nmen |inis n not bad nn male pleased to meet you! mihi pergrtum est t convenre say hello to s.o. iub (pl: iubte) aliquem salvre thanks! grtis! thanks a lot! grtis maxims! thanks a million! sscents grtis!

ADDITIONAL GREETINGS AND RESPONSES _______________

Where are you from? Where are you coming from? How are you? Fine. Very well. Unde es? Unde vens? Qu vals? Rct. Bell. Perbell. Bellissim.

18 Im fine. Im doing quite well. How are you? So-so. Fairly well. Not bad. Not too well. As usual. Lousy. Everything O.K.? Everything is O.K. Hello. Howve you been? Fine! Great! Well, Im still alive. Hello. Same to you. Hello. Pleasure to meet you. Hello. The pleasure is mine.

Conversational Latin M bene habe. Haud male quidem vale. Ut t habs? Vari. Mediocriter quidem vale. Haud male. Nn optim sn. Ut sole. Pln nflciter. Satn salv? Omnia sunt pulchr. Omnia sunt flciter. Omnia sunt fstviter. Salv. Valuistne? Prob! Euge! Em, vv. Salv. Salv et t. Salv. T convnisse volup est. Salv. Mihi quidem volup est. Qu pact rs s tibi habent? Rctne sunt omnia? In mediocr stat. In optim stat. Laetus (-a) istud audi. Haud invtus (-a) audi. Est mihi istud audt perquam icundum. Gaude tu caus. Audre istud ex anim gaude. Laus supers.

How are things with you? Everything all right? In fair shape. In great shape. Glad to hear that. Glad to hear that. Im delighted to hear that.

Im glad for you. Im sincerely glad to hear that. Thank heavens.

Chapter I: Greetings Goodbye for now. God bless you. Take care (of yourself). Take it easy. Goodbye and good luck. Nunc val. D t ament. T cr. tisus (-a) est. Vales beneque tibi sit.

19

SUGGESTED CLASSROOM ACTIVITY ____________________

First, let pairs of students repeat the conversation of each level. After you have greeted several individual students with a question or two, pair off the students and have them ask each other similar questions. Questions and answers can easily be gleaned from the dialogues, Topical Vocabulary, and Additional Greetings and Responses. It is important to repeat this activity from time to time so that the questions and answers become spontaneous.

Chapter II: Family

CONVERSATIONS ___________________________________
LEVEL I Cnsor Aulus Cnsor Aulus Cnsor Aulus Cnsor Aulus Cnsor Aulus Cnsor Aulus Cnsor Aulus Cnsor Aulus Cnsor Aulus Cnsor Aulus

The censor asks the father some questions.

Censor: What is your name? Aulus: My name is Aulus Gabinius Macer. Are you married or single? I am married. I have a wife. Are you the head of a family? Yes. Whats your wifes name? Her name is Sulpicia. Do you have (any) children? I do. How many children do you have? I have two sons and one daughter. Do you have (any) brothers or sisters? I have one brother and one sister. Do you have other relatives? Two uncles and three aunts. Are your parents still alive? Yes. Who lives at your home? My wife, my children, and their grandfather and grandmother.

Quid est nmen tibi? Nmen mihi est Aulus Gabnius Macer. Esne t martus an caelebs? Martus sum. Habe uxrem. Esne t paterfamilis? Ita. Quid est nmen uxr? Nmen uxr est Sulpicia. Habsne lbers? Habe. Quot lbers habs? Dus flis et nam fliam. Habsne frtrs sorrsve? num frtrem et nam sorrem habe. Habsne alis cognts? Dus patrus et trs amits. Vvuntne adhc parents tu? Sn. Quis dom tuae habitat? Uxor et lber et erum avus aviaque. 20

Chapter II: Family Cnsor Aulus Me sententi, habs familiam admrbilem. Sc ego quoque put. LEVEL II Flius Pater In my opinion, you have a wonderful family. I think so too.

21

A son learns about his family tree from his father.

Son: Father, Id like to know more about our family. Father: Fine, my boy. What would you like to know about our family tree? When did you marry Mom? Twenty years ago. How old are you? I am forty years old. How old is Mom? She is thirty-eight years old. How many sisters do you have? I have three. Which one is the oldest? Pauline is the oldest. How many brothers do you have? I have two, your uncles Stephen and Michael. Who is older, you or uncle Stephen? I am two years older than uncle Stephen, but two years younger than uncle Michael. Did grandfather and grandmother always live in this city? Yes, and also their forefathers.

Pater, velim cognscere plra d famili nostr. Bene, m fl. Quid vels cognscere d stirpe nostr? Quand t Mammam in mtrimnium dxist? Abhinc vgint anns. Quot anns ntus es t? Quadrgint anns ntus sum. Quot anns nta est Mamma? Duodquadrgint anns nta est. Quot sorrs habs? Trs habe. Quae est maxima nt? Paulna est maxima nt. Quot frtrs habs? Dus habe, Stephanum et Michalem, patrus tus. Quis est mior nt, t an Stephanus patruus? Ego sum dubus anns mior nt quam Stephanus patruus sed dubus anns minor quam Michalis patruus. Habitvruntne avus et avia semper in hc urbe? Ita. Etiam erum atav.

Flius Pater Flius Pater Flius Pater Flius Pater Flius Pater Flius Pater Flius Pater

Flius Pater

22 Flius

Conversational Latin Dc mihi, amb t, paterne tuus Tell me please, were your father et avus tuus in r pblic verst and grandfather involved in sunt? politics? Imm proavus tuus lim erat praefectus urb. Quid d av me? Avus tuus vr erat mults anns socius cnsili. Tne vs versr aliquand in r pblic? Minim vr hercle! Spr m aliquand futrum esse thltam praeclrum! Well, your great-grandfather was once mayor of the city. What about my grandfather? In fact, your grandfather was a cabinet member for many years. Do you wish someday to be involved in politics? Heck no! I hope to be a famous athlete someday.

Pater Flius Pater

Flius

LEVEL III Mrcella

Two friends discuss their family circumstances.

Marcella: Anna, you are fortunate. You have good parents, a loving husband, and a kind mother-in-law. I really envy you. Anna: Yes. I also have a wonderful brother-in-law and sister-in-law. But why do you envy me? I lost my mother two years ago, and now I have a stepmother. Im sorry to hear that. Is your stepmother cruel? Well, my stepmother is neither cruel nor lovable. But she can never take the place of my mother. Are your brother and sister equally unhappy? They seem unhappy, but they say little about these matters.

Anna, fortnta es. Habs parents bons, martum amantem, socrum benignam. Tibi quidem invide. Ita. Ego habe etiam admrbilem martum sorris et uxrem frtris. Sed cr t mihi invids? Abhinc dus anns mtrem meam ms, et nunc novercam habe. M paenitet haec cognscere. Estne noverca crdlis? Noverca quidem neque crdlis neque ambilis est, sed locum mtris meae numquam surpre potest. Suntne frter et soror tua aequ nflcs? Videntur nflcs, sed pauca d hs rbus dcunt.

Anna

Mrcella Anna Mrcella

Anna Mrcella Anna

Temptsne anims erum rigere? Do you try to cheer them up?

Chapter II: Family Mrcella Anna Mrcella Anims erum rigere tempt, sed nihil prdest. Miseram Mrcellam! Quid dcit pater tuus? Est admodum sollicitus. Dcit: Patientia, patientia. Tempus omnia snat.

23

I try to cheer them up, but it does no good. Poor Marcella! What does your father say? He is quite concerned. He says: Patience, patience. Time heals everything.

SUGGESTED CLASSROOM ACTIVITY ____________________

Ask a few students: Quot anns ntus (or nta) es t? Quot anns ntus est pater? Quot anns nta est mter? Quot frtrs habs? Quot sorrs habs? Qus frter est maximus nt? Qus frter est minimus nt? Quae soror est maxima nt? Quae soror est minima nt? Quid nmen est frtr? Quid nmen est sorr? How old are you? How old is your father? How old is your mother? How may brothers do you have? How many sisters do you have? Which brother is the oldest? Which brother is the youngest? Which sister is the oldest? Which sister is the youngest? What is your brothers name? What is your sisters name?

Then pair off the students and have them ask each other these questions. From the dialogues of the chapter, many other such simple questions can be generated. Or have the students bring family photographs into the classroom and explain who the members of the family (or extended family) are, e.g.: Hic est pater meus. Haec est mter mea. Hic est avus meus. Haec est avia mea. Hic est frter meus. Haec est soror mea.

24

Conversational Latin

TOPICAL VOCABULARY______________________________
adoptive daughter flia |ae f adoptva adoptive son flius | m adoptvus aunt (mothers side) mtertera |ae f aunt (fathers side) amita |ae f baby nfns |antis mf brother frter |tris m brother-in-law lvir |vir m children lber |rum mpl cousin (sisters daughter) cnsbrna |ae f cousin (brothers child) patrulis |is mf cousin (sisters son) cnsbrnus | m dad, daddy tata |ae m daughter flia |ae f daughter-in-law nurus |s f family familia |ae f family tree stirps |is f father pater |tris m father-in-law socer |er m father of the family paterfamilis (gen: patrisfamilis) m forefathers atav |rum mpl granddaughter neptis |is f granddad tata |ae m grandfather avus | m grandma mamma |ae f grandmother avia |ae f grandson neps |tis m great-aunt (on fathers side) amita |ae f magna; (on the mothers side) matertera |ae f magna great-grandfather proavus | m great-grandmother proavia |ae f great-uncle (on the fathers side) patruus | m magnus; (on the mothers side) avunculus | m husband martus | m in-law affnis |is mf little brother frterculus | m little sister sorrcula |ae f Mom Mamma |ae f mother mter |tris f mother-in-law socrus |s f nephew flius | m sorris; flius | m frtris niece flia |ae f sorris; flia |ae f frtris parent parns |entis mf relative cogntus | m, cognta |ae f sister-in-law (sister of husband) gls glris f sister-in-law (wife of brother) uxor |ris f frtris son flius | m son-in-law gener, gener m spouse coninx |iugis mf stepdaughter prvigna |ae f stepfather vtricus | m stepmother noverca |ae f stepson prvignus | m uncle (mothers brother) avunculus | m uncle (fathers brother) patruus | m wife uxor |ris f young daughter fliola |ae f young son fliolus | m

Chapter III: School

CONVERSATIONS ___________________________________
LEVEL I Magistra Andra Magistra Andra Magistra Andra Magistra Andra Magistra Andra Magistra Andra

Checking on homework.
Teacher: Silence, please! Andrea! Andrea: Present. Did you finish your homework? I have. What did you do? I memorized the Latin vocabulary. What else? I wrote a composition. About what? About the monuments in the forum. Which monuments did you describe?

Silentium, quaes! Andra! Adsum. Cnfcistne tuum praescrptum domesticum? Cnfc. Quid fcist? Vocbula Latna didic. Quid amplius? Scrptram composu. D qu? D monuments in for. Quae monumenta dscrpsist?

Basilics et criam et varia templa The courthouses and the senate building and the various et ctera. temples, and so forth. Trde mihi. Ecce. Christna! Adsum. Hand it in. Here it is. Christine! Present.

Magistra Andra Magistra Christna Magistra Christna

D qu in compositine scrpsist? What did you write about in your composition? D stt mulierum. 25 About the status of women.

26 Magistra Christna

Conversational Latin Bene. Trde mihi. Ecce. Fine. Hand it in. Here it is.

LEVEL II Crolus Magister

Getting the lesson straight.

Carl: Teacher, I dont understand what you are saying

Magister, quid dcs ego nn intelleg.

Compar rem pblicam Rmnam Teacher: I am comparing the cum r pblic nostr. Roman government with our government. At ego sci nihil fer d r pblic Rmn. Lgistne caput qurtum tuae Historia Rmna? Adhc ego lg slum sque ad caput tertium. At ego caput qurtum assignv in diem hodiernum. Explic, quaes, quid in capite qurt sit. Em, aper librum tuum ad pginam sexgsimam septimam. Aperu eum. Quid est scrptum in summ pgin? D R Pblic Rmn. Lege ide illud caput in diem crstinum. Disputbimus d ill r crs. Cert illud legam. Nisi illud lgeris, cads pr cert in proxim probtine. But I know practically nothing about the Roman government. Have you read the fourth chapter of your Roman History? So far I have read only up to chapter three. But I assigned chapter four for today. Please explain what is in the fourth chapter. Well, open your book to page sixty-seven. Ive opened it. What is written at the top of the page? The Roman Government. Then read that chapter for tomorrow. Well discuss that topic tomorrow. Sure, Ill read it. If you dont read it, youll flunk the next test for sure.

Crolus Magister Crolus Magister Crolus Magister

Crolus Magister Crolus Magister

Crolus Magister

Chapter III: School LEVEL III Magistra

27

A teacher conducts her class efficiently.

Teacher: Get out your notebooks. Were going to correct the exercise that you just completed.

In mans capite libells vestrs. Corrigmus exercitium quod modo cnfcistis.

Isn Magistra Isn Magistra Isn Magistra

Ignsce mihi, magistra; nn habe Jason: Excuse me, teacher; I calamum. dont have a pen. Ubi est calamus tuus, Isn? Dom relqu, ut vidtur. Quid faciam? Fortasse potes mtur calamum proxim tu. Estne haec probti? Nl sollicitr. Ut prius dx, corrigmus tantummodo exercitia vestra. nsunt multa menda me exerciti. Per ignrtinem an incriam? Per utramque, ut vidtur. Recit clr exercitium tuum et ego menda indicb. Legamne statim cunctum exercitium an per singuls sententis? Per singuls sententis. E mod ego quodque mendum indicb corrigamque et t poteris annotre figram corrctam. Where is your pen, Jason? I left it at home, it seems. What should I do? Perhaps you can borrow a pen from your neighbor. Is this a test? Dont worry. As I said earlier, were only going to correct your exercises. There are lots of mistakes in my exercise. Through lack of knowledge or through carelessness? Through both, it seems. Read your exercise aloud and I will point out the mistakes. Should I read the whole exercise at one time or sentence by sentence? Sentence by sentence. In that way I can point out and correct each mistake, and you can jot down the correct form.

Isn Magistra Isn Magistra Isn

Magistra

THE PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE

Fidem meam oblig vexill Cvittum Foedertrum Americae et Re Pblicae, cius vicem gerit, n ntin, sub De, indviduae, praebent lberttem istitiamque omnibus.

28

Conversational Latin

TOPICAL VOCABULARY______________________________
NOTA BENE! For additional words dealing with grammar, see the topical vocabulary of Chapter XXV. abbreviate imminu |ere |u immintus abbreviation nota |ae f compendiria ability facults |tis f; ability to read and write legend scrbendque facults; natural ability ingenium | n absent absns |entis; to be absent absum abesse fu futrus absentee absns, absentis mf academy acadmia |ae f add adici |ere adic adiectus aloud clr answer s respnsum | n; to give an answer to s.o. alicui respnsum redd |dere |did |ditus answer tr (in both speaking and writing: with dat of person and ad + acc of the thing) responde |dre |d |sum; to answer a question ad interrogtum respondre; answer in complete sentences tts sententis respondre ask rogre; (for information) quaer quaerere quaesv quaestus; to ask about (someone, something) d (aliqu) rogre; to ask a few questions pauca quaerere; to ask s.o. s.th. aliquem aliquid rogre; to ask s.o. for s.th. ab aliqu aliquid rogre; to ask the teacher (student) a question docentem (discentem) interrogre; to ask this question hoc quaerere assign assignre assignment pnsum | n; (written) praescrptum | n assistant principal see principal audiovisual aid audvsificum subsidium | |um ballpoint pen stilus | m sphaertus basics elementa |rum npl bathroom (toilet) latrna |ae f; may I go to the bathroom? licetne mihi in latrnam re? yes, OK licet blackboard tabula |ae f tra book liber |br m book bag capsula |ae f scholris bright (smart) lculentus |a |um buzzer bombiltrum | n; when the buzzer sounds (or goes) cum bombiltrum strepit cafeteria refectrium | n calculator mchinula |ae f calcultria call roll nmina citre capital letter littera |ae f miuscula carbon copy exemplum | n trnscsum, antigraphum | n chalk crta |ae f chapter caput |itis n chemistry chemic |s f class classis |is f; to be at the head of the class classem dc |ere dx classroom conclve |is n scholre college collgium | n composition scrptra |ae f, compositi |nis f copy s exemplum | n copy tr exscrb |ere exscrps (from ex + abl) (by cheating clandstn) correct adj rctus |a |um (opp: prvus), mendtus |a |um (free from faults), corrctus |a |um (in the sense of corrected)

Chapter III: School correct tr (esp. mistakes in writing) mendre; (a person or mistake) corrig |ere corrx corrctus correction corrcti |nis f, mendti |nis f correctly rct (opp: prv), mendt; to speak (spell) correctly rct loqu (scrbere) corridor ambulcrum | n, andrn |nis m day off (from school) (ab schol) fritus dis | m; have a day off fritum diem habre deal with (topic, person) tractre dean decnus | m; decna |ae f desk mnsa |ae f scrptria dictionary dictinrium | n, lexicon | n discuss disputre d (+ abl) discussion disputti |nis f door inua |ae f drive, enthusiasm studium | n, vs (acc: vim) f educate nstitu |uere |u |tus education nstitti |nis f (Note that ducti refers to raising, bringing up and can apply to the raising of children as well as livestock, the training of the body, etc.) elementary school litterrius ldus | m erase rd |ere rs rsus eraser (for a blackboard) dtersrium | n; (on a pencil) gummis |is f erasure litra |ae f error (in writing) mendum | n, menda |ae f, vitium | n; to commit (make) an error mendum admitt |ere adms admissus essay libellus | m examination exminti |nis f examine exminre exercise (written) exercitium | n; (practice) exercitti |nis f explain explnre, explicre explanation explnti |nis f, explicti |nis f express exprim |ere express expressus faculty magisterium | n

29

flunk: to flunk a test cad |ere cecid csrus in probtine form (grammatical) figra |ae f freshman tr |nis mf front of the room prior pars |tis f scholae get (to understand) tene |re |u tentus; I get it tene; now I get it iam tene globe globus | m terrrum grade s gradus |s m; (for performance) nota |ae f grade tr (papers) notre; (to evaluate) aestimre graduate grads suscipi |ere suscp guidance counselor cnsilitor |tris m scholasticus; cnsilitrx |cis f scholastica hallway ambulcrum | n, andrn |nis m hand in tr trd |dere |did |ditus handwriting chrographum | n heading caput |itis n, index |icis m capitis high school schola |ae f superior history historia |ae f home room conclve |is n scholre proprium homework pnsum | n domesticum; (written) praescrptum | n domesticum

30

Conversational Latin lectern lctrium | n line versus |s m (of prose or poetry) map tabula |ae f geographica manuscript manuscrptum | n mean signific |re meaning significti |nis f; basic (figurative, litteral) meaning prnceps (trnsltva, propria) significti memorize disc |ere didic meter numerus | m mistake mendum | n, vitium | n note nota |ae f; to take notes commentris cnfici |ere cnfc cnfectus note pad pugillrs |um mpl notebook libellus | m page pgina |ae f; at the bottom (top) of the page in m (summ) pgin paper charta |ae f paper clip fbicula |ae f chartrum paragraph paragraphus | f, caput |itis n pass: to pass a test probtinem sustine |re |u passage (in a text) locus | (pl: loc) m pen penna |ae f, calamus | m scrptrius pencil graphium | n period: (class period) spatium | n; in the third period terti spati podium podium | n, pulpitum | n poem poma |atis n point out indicre poster folium | n mrle practice s exercitti |nis f; extensive and continous practice multa et continua exercitti practice tr exerce |re |u |itus

hooky: to play hooky nscis parentibus schol abesse illiterate analphabtus |a |um improve (to get better in study) prfici |ere prfc prfectum improvement prfectus |s m ink trmentum | n instruct s.o. in s.th. nstru |ere nstrux nstructus aliquem aliqu instruction (teaching) nstitti |nis f; instructions praecepta |rum npl instructor praeceptor |ris m (rx |rcis f), docns |entis mf jot down annotre junior inior |ris mf key clvis |is m know sci scre scv sctus; know how to scre (+ inf); not know nesci |re |v or |i Latin (to know, read, teach, speak, understand, write) Latn; Are you learning Latin? Discisne Latn?; Did you forget Latin? Esne obltus (-a) Ltn?; Do you know Latin? Nstne Latn?; Do you know how to speak Latin? Scsne Latn loqu?; Do you read Latin easily? Legisne Latn facile?; Do you speak Latin (fluently)? Loquerisne Latn (prfluenter)?; Do you teach Latin? Docsne Latn?; Do you understand Latin? Intellegisne Latn?; Since when have you been learning Latin? Ex qu tempore Latn didicist?; Where did you study Latin? Ubi Latn studuist?; Who is able to write Latin? Quis Latn scrbere potest? Latin teacher Latnittis magister |tr m (tra |trae f) learn disc |ere didic; to learn by heart discere learner discns |entis mf

Chapter III: School prepare parre; (in advance) praeparre present: to be present adsum adesse adfu adfutrus principal (ld or scholae) rctor |tris m, rctrx |trcis f); assistant (or vice) principal rctor vicrius, rctrx vicria; principals office rctris (rctrcis) officna |ae f progress prfectus |s m; to make progress prfici |ere prfc prfectum promote ad superirem classem prmove |re prmv prmtus pronounce prnntire prose prsa |ae f pupil discipulus | m, discipula |ae f question rogtum | n; interrogtum | n; quaesti |nis f; to raise a question quaestinem pn |ere posu question mark signum | n interrogtinis quiz quaestiuncula |ae f read leg legere lg lctus reading pausa |ae f; lcti |nis f recess pausa |ae f; during (after, before) recess inter (post, ante) pausam recitation recitti |nis f recite recitre repeat repet |ere |v |tus repetition repetti |nis f research s investgti |nis f research tr investgre restroom locus | m scrtus; (public) forica |ae f; may I go to the restroom licetne mihi in locum scrtum inre? Yes, OK licet review s retractti |nis f review tr retractre

31

roll call nminum recitti |nis f; to take roll call nmina recitre rule s (for measuring) rgula |ae f scan (poetry) tr scand |ere | scnsus school building aeds |is f scholris school ldus | m; (advanced) schola |ae f; to attend school scholam frequentre; to go to school scholam obe obre obi or obv; to skip school nscis parentibus schol absum abesse school supplies nstrmentum | n scholre scribble exarre, cnscrbillre seat subsellium | n (scholre) senior senior |ris mf sheet schida |ae f silence silentium | n slide img |inis f phtographica trnslcida; to show slides imgins phtographics exhibe |re |u |itus slow to learn sgnis |is |e small letter littera |ae f minuscula sophomore sophomrus | m, sophomra |ae f spell scrb |ere scrps scrptus spelling orthographia |ae f staple s uncnulus | m (metallicus) staple tr cnsu |ere | |tus stapler uncntrium | n, cnstrium | n (chartrum) student studns |entis mf, discipulus | m, discipula |ae f studies studia |rum npl; (studium in the singular means drive, enthusiasm) study period spatium | n studisum stumble over new words nova verba offend |ere |

32

Conversational Latin English ex Latn in Anglicum (con)vertere translation trnslta |rum npl; (act of translating) conversi |nis f, trnslti |nis f; (of a sentence) sententia trnslta; (of a book) liber trnsltus transparency pgina |ae f pellcida tutor domesticus (|a) praeceptor |ris m (rx |rcis f) type mchinul scrptri scrb |ere scrps scrptus, dactylographre typewriter mchinula |ae f scrptria, dactylographum | n typewriter key plctrum | n (dactylographicum) malleolus |i m typewriter ribbon taenia |ae f dactylographica understand intelleg |ere intellx intellctus vacation: be on vacation fritus |a |um esse verse versus |s m vice principal see principal vocabulary vocbula |rum npl white board tabula |ae f alba window fenestra |ae f workboook libellus | m exercitirum write scrb |ere scrps scrptus writing scrptra |ae f; writings scrpta |rum npl

subject disciplna |ae f; (topic) argmentum | n subject matter mteria |ae f subtract dtrah |ere dtrax dtractus table of contents index |dicis m capitum take down (notes, lecture) excipi |ere excp exceptus talent ingenium | n talented ingenisus |a |um teach (w. double acc) doce |re |u |tus teacher magister |tr m, magistra |ae f; (in elementary school) littertor |ris m, littertrx |cis f teaching assistant magistrae (or magistr) aditor |ris m (aditrx |cis f) teaching method docend rati |nis f test probti |nis f textbook liber |r m scholris, ars, artis f theme (topic) mteria |ae f, argmentum | n; (essay) tracttus |s m toilet ltrna |ae f; may I go to the toilet licetne mihi in ltrnam re? Yes, OK licet topic mteria |ae f, rs, re f translate (con)vert |ere | (con)versus; ; trnsfer |ferre |tul |ltus; to translate from Latin to

Chapter III: School

33

COMMANDS FOR THE CLASSROOM _____________________

N.B. For all commands dealing with Latin grammar see Chapter 25. answer me respond mihi; answer my question respond (respondte) ad meum interrogtum be on time, please ven (vente) temper (or ad tempus), quaes be quiet (silent) tac (tacte); silentium ten (tente) close the door claude (claudite) inuam collect the papers collige (pl colligite) charts come here ven (pl: vente) hc come in intr (pl: intrte) come on, try to remember agedum, tempt (temptte) meminisse continue (reading, writing, speaking, translating) perge (pergite) (legere, scrbere, dcere, vertere) cut it out dsine (dsinite); dsiste (dsistite) cut out the chatter, please mitte (mittite) garrulittem, quaes cut out the noise, please omitte (omittite) strepitum, quaes cut out the nonsense omitte (omittite) ngs dont cheat nl (nlte) exscrbere ex proxim dont forget to do your homework nlte oblvsc perficere pnsum vestrum dont interrupt, please nl (nlte) interpellre, quaes dont laugh at him (her) nl (nlte) rdre eum (eam) dont speak English nl (nlte) loqu Anglic dont tease him (her) nl (nlte) eum (eam) taxre explain this construction explic (explicte) hanc cnstructinem form a single (double) line fac (facite) agmen nicum (duplex) get out your book(s) librum in manum cape, librs in mans capite; librum prme, librs prmite go on (continue) perge (pergite) go to the blackboard accde (accdite) ad tabulam tram hand me the book librum cedo (cette) [an old imperative] hand in the papers charts redde (reddite), charts trde (trdite) hand out the papers distribue (distribuite) charts or prmpt (prmptte) charts hurry up mtr (mtrte) I want a word with you after class paucs t vol post classem knock it off, please parce (parcite), quaes listen carefully aud (audte) dligenter listen to me m auscult (auscultte) look at me converte (convertite) oculs in m look it up in the dictionary id inqure (inqurite) in dictinri lower your voice remitte (remittite) vcem make it brief in pauca cnfer (cnferte) never mind sine (sinite) open your book(s) to page aper librum (aperte librs) ad pginam

34

Conversational Latin sit down, please cnsde (cnsdite), quaes sit up straight rct sed (sedte) speak slowly (louder), please loquere (loquimin) lent (clrius), quaes speak up loquere (loquimin) stop arguing dsine (dsinite) argmentr (squabbling) rxr stop talking dsine (dsinite) loqu stand up surge (cnsurgite); (esp. as a mark of respect) assurge (assurgite) stop writing dsine (dsinite) scrbere take notes not (notte) take up (for reading, studying) in mans sme (pl: smite) take your seats revertite ad subsellia translate this sentence from English to Latin converte hanc sententiam ex Anglic in Latnum translate this sentence from Latin to English converte (convertite) hanc sententiam ex Latn in Anglicum turn around t verte (pl: vs vertite) turn to page volve librum (volvite librs) ad pginam use your dictionary tere (timin) dictinri whoa! not so fast! eho, nn tam cito! write out the sentences sententis perscrbe (perscrbite) write that on the board scrbe (scrbite) id in tabul tr (or alb)

outline the story (the essay) dlne (dlnete) fbulam (tracttum) pass around circumfer (pl circumferte) pass out the papers see hand out the papers pass the papers to the front charts trde (trdite) ad frontem pay attention attende (attendite); pay attention to what I am saying attende (attendite) dicta mea put your book(s) away spne librum (spnite librs) raise your hand(s) attolle manum (attollite mans) read the next sentence lege (legite) sententiam proximam; (read aloud) recit (recitte) sententiam proximam read aloud (slower, faster, louder, with inflection of the voice) lege (legite) clr (lentius, celerius, clrius, flex vce) repeat after me esdem verbs mihi redde (reddite) repeat the passage repete (repetite) locum repeat what you just said repete (repetite) quid modo dxers (dxertis) review: lets review the pronouns prnmina retractmus show me your homework ostende (ostendite) mihi pnsum (or praescrptum) silence, please! silentium, quaes!

Chapter IV: Daily Activities

CONVERSATIONS ___________________________________
LEVEL I

Mother calls from downstairs to wake her daughters.

[NOTETime of day can be computed according to the Roman system, beginning at 6:00 A.M., or according to the modern system, beginning the day at midnight. See page 80 on the Roman hours.] Mter Victria Victria, surge. Tempus est surgere. O mter, ego tam fessa sum. Librum meum ad multam noctem lg. Quota hra est? Iam hra octva est. Vigilsne? Vigil. Ubi sunt calce me? Qumodo sciam? Ubi, ut opnor, t es dtrxist her vesper. Victria, excit somn tuam sororculam Olviam. Mter, Olvia nn vult surgere. Sub strguls adhc iacet et s nn movet. Vigilatne nunc Olvia? Minim edepol! Ista pigra n oculs quidem aperit. Quid faciam nesci. Excit eam iterum. Excitv. Nn prdest. Dictitat: Omnn d surgere tam bene mne. Mother: Victoria, get up. Its time to get up. Victoria: Oh mother, Im so tired. I read my book till late at night. What time is it? Its already eight oclock. Are you awake? Yes, I am. Where are my shoes? How should I know? I suppose, where you took them off last night. Wake up your little sister Olivia. Mother, Olivia doesnt want to wake up. Shes still lying under the covers and doesnt move. Is Olivia awake now? Heck no! That lazy thing doesnt even open her eyes. I dont know what to do. Wake her again. I have. It doesnt do any good. She keeps on saying: I absolutely hate to get up so early in the morning.

Mter Victria Mter

Victria

Mter Victria

Mter Victria

35

36 Mter

Conversational Latin Extrahe eam lectul. Aliqun ego ipsa srsum veniam et eam excitb. Bene est, Mamma; Olvia tandem lectul rpsit. Drag her out of bed. Otherwise Ill come upstairs myself and wake her up. Its O.K., Mom. Olivia has finally crawled out of bed.

Victria

LEVEL II Victria

Two sisters bicker as they get ready for the day.

Victoria: Olivia, come on, wash yourself and brush your teeth. [lit: clean your teeth] Olivia: Why does everyone in this family pick on me? How can I wash myself if I dont have a basin? After you have washed, remember to brush your teeth. And remember to make your bed. How can I brush my teeth if you have the toothpaste? And remember to comb your hair if you dont want to look like Medusa.

Olvia, agedum, t lav et dents prg. Cr omns in hc famili m carpunt? Qumodo possum m lavre s aqulem nn habe? Postquam t t lvist, mement purgre dents. Et mement sternere lectulum tuum. Qumodo dents purgre possum, s t pastam dentriam habs? Et mement pectere capills, s nn vs vidr similis Medsae.

Olvia

Victria

Olvia Victria

Olvia

Qumodo capills pectere How can I comb my hair if possum, s quis pectinem meum someone swiped my comb? sustulit? Et mement, mea cra sororcula, crspre capills. Qumodo capills crspre possum, s neque calamistrum neque speculum invenre possum? Misera Olvia, ttus mundus tibi adverstur! Puellae, dsinite rxr. Vente deorsum. Ientculum est partum. And remember, my dear little sister, to curl your hair. How can I curl my hair if I cant find the curler or the mirror?

Victria Olvia

Victria Mter

Poor Olivia, the whole world is against you! Girls, stop bickering. Come downstairs. Breakfast is ready.

Chapter IV: Daily Activities LEVEL III

37

Mother and daughters do the daily chores.

Mter

Victria et Olvia, dsder auxilium vestrum hod. Ego iam lects omns strv et pavmentum lv.

Victoria and Olivia, I need your help today. I have already made all the beds and have washed the floor.

Victria Mter

Promptae sumus. Dc quid vels ut We are ready. Tell us what you ns facimus. want us to do. Victria, prmum omnium, lav patins et vsa quibus in prandi s sumus. Vsne etiam m mnsam pnere ad cnam? Ita. Deinde prme aliquid vn cell vnri. Quid ego faciam? Fortasse t potes haurre aquam cistern. Ecce situlam. Quid aqu faciam? Impl solium in balneol. Quicquam aliud? Impl aquls in omnibus cubiculs. Postquam ego omnia fcer, licbitne fors exeam lsum? Amcae meae m exspectant. Cert, ex fors et lde cum amcs tus usque ad hram cnand. Victoria, first of all, wash the dishes and the pots and pans which we used at lunch. Do you also want me to set the table for dinner? Yes. Then get out some wine from the wine cellar. What should I do? Perhaps you can draw some water from the cistern. Heres the bucket. What should I do with the water? Fill the bathtub in the bathroom. Anything else? Fill the wash basins in all the bedrooms. After I have done everything, may I go outside to play? My friends are waiting for me. Certainly, go outside and play with your friends until dinner time.

Victria Mter Olvia Mter

Olvia Mter Olvia Mter Olvia

Mater

38

Conversational Latin

TOPICAL VOCABULARY______________________________
answering machine respnsrum | n awake: to be awake vigilre basin aqulis |is m (f) breakfast ientculum | n; to eat breakfast ientre; ientculum sm |ere smps smptus brush the teeth dents purgre [lit: to clean the teeth] cell phone tlephnulum | n portbile clean purgre, mundre; to clean out the kitchen culnam mundandam crre comb tr pect |ere pex pectus; to comb the hair capillum (or capills or crns or comam) pectere; to comb out expectere; to comb back repectere comb s pecten |inis m curl crspre curler calamistrum | n dine cnre dish patina |ae f; to wash the dishes patins lavre draw water aquam hauri |re haus haustus dust the furniture supellectilem dterge |gre |s |sus eat ed sse d sus; (breakfast, lunch, dinner) sm |ere smps smptus fill imple |re |v |tus; to fill the water basins aquls |ium implre floor pavmentum | n get up surg |ere surrx surrctum go to bed dormtum (or cubitum) [supine] e re i or v itum go shopping obsnre iron clothes vestmenta prem |ere press pressus layer the hair comam in grads frang |ere frg frctus make the bed lectum (or lectulum) stern |ere strv strtus mirror speculum | n mow the lawn grmen |inis n resec |re |u |tus nap brevis somnus m; to take a nap brevem somnum capi |ere cp captus polish shoes calces poli |re |v |tus pots and pans vsa |rum npl put on (clothes) indu |ere | |tus (opp: exuere) set the table cibria (vscula) in mnsam appn |ere apposu appositus snack merenda |ae f; to have a snack merendam capi |ere cp captus soap sap |nis m; bar of soap sapnis quadrula |ae f sweep the floor pavmentum verr |ere | versus take off (clothes) dtrah |ere dtrx dtractus; exu |ere | |tus telephone s tlephnum | n; by telephone tlephnic; to call s.o. on the telephone aliquem tlephnic compellre; to dial a (telephone) (area code) number numerum (tlephnicum) (numerum praeslctrium) slig |ere slg slctus; to speak with s.o. on the telephone cum aliqu tlephnic colloquor colloqu colloctus sum; to use a pay phone tlephn montl tor t sus sum telephone adj tlephnicus |a |um; telephone call (local, long-distance) tlephnicum colloquium | n (locle, longinquum)

Chapter IV: Daily Activities telephone tr per tlephnum vocre telephone book catalogus | m tlephnicus telephone booth cella |ae f tlephnica telephone number numerus | m tlephnicus television s tlevsrium | n; (see television, ChapterIV) to watch television tlevsrium spectre tidy up rdinre tired fessus |a |um toothbrush pniculus | m dentrius toothpaste pasta |ae f dentria vacuum tr pulveris haurtri purgre

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vacuum cleaner pulveris haurtrium | n wake up tr ( somn) excitre intr expergscor | experrectus sum wash tr lav |re lv lautus intr lavr, s lavre water the flowers flrs adaqure

40

Conversational Latin

Chapter V: Sports and Other Leisure Activities

CONVERSATIONS ___________________________________
LEVEL I Magistra Dorotha Magistra Dorotha Magistra Dorotha Magistra Dorotha Magistra Dorotha Magistra Dorotha Magistra Dorotha

Her teacher asks Dorothy how she spends her free time.
Teacher: How do you spend your leisure time on weekdays? Dorothy: After I have finished my studies, I play with my friends. What do you do on the weekend? First, I sleep as long as I please. What do you do after that? Then I and my friends go for a walk. What do you do on Saturday evening? Sometimes I go to the movie theater. What else do you do? Sometimes my boyfriend takes me to a dance. What else do you do? I often watch television. How do you spend your summer vacation? Of course I do some chores at home; still, I have a lot of free time.

Qumodo cnsmis tium dibus prfsts? Postquam studia cnfc, cum amcs mes ld. Quid facis fne hebdomadis? Prmum, dormi quam di mihi libet. Quid facis poste? Deinde ego et amcae dambulmus. Quid facis di Sturn vesper? Interdum e in cnmatum. Quid amplius facis? Interdum amns meus m ad salttinem dcit. Quid aliud facis? Saepe tlevsrium spect. Qumodo vactinem aestvam cnsmis? Sclicet aliquot pnsa dom faci; multum autem tempus lberum habe.

40

Chapter V: Sports and Other Leisure Activities Magistra Dorotha Quid erg facis? Multa quidem. Interdum vsit cognts mes. Interdum ram maritimam pet. Quibuscum? Aut cum famili aut cum amante me. Quid aliud facis? Per occsinem ad concentum e. So, what do you do?

41

A lot of things, really. At times I visit my relatives. Sometimes I head for the shore. With whom? Either with my family or with my boyfriend. What else do you do? Occasionally I go to a concert.

Magistra Dorotha Magistra Dorotha

LEVEL II Magister

His teacher asks Theodore how he spends his free time.

Teacher: How do you spend your free time? Theodore: On weekdays I am generally involved in sports. What do you do on the weekend?

Qumodo tempus lberum tuum cnsmis?

Theodrus Dibus prfsts plrumque in thltic versor. Magister Quid facis fne hebdomadis?

Theodrus Multa. Pil ld. Latrunculs ld. A lot of things. I play ball. I play Atque msicam am. checkers. And I also love music. Magister Potesne canere nstrment msic? Can you play a musical instrument? Yes, I can play the drum as well play the trumpet. Can you play the guitar? No. What do you do on the weekend? On Saturday I and my friends go to the mall and look at many shops. Do you ever go to the library? Rarely. But we often go to the playground outside the library. We skate there or play basketball.

Theodrus Possum pulsre tympanum atque canere tub. Magister Potesne ldere cithar Hispnic?

Theodrus Nn. Magister Quid facis fne hebdomadis?

Theodrus Di Sturn ego et amc me ad forum mus et nspicimus mults taberns. Magister Vsne umquam in bibliothcam tis?

Theodrus Rr. Sed saepe mus ad ream lsriam extr bibliothcam. Patinmus aut corbipil ibi ldimus.

42 Magister

Conversational Latin Quid facis inter fris aestvs? What do you do during the summer holidays? I often go fishing with my father. Do you have fishing tackle? Recently my father bought me fishing tackle: a rod, line, and a net. Do you know how to fish? To tell you the truth, my father puts the bait on the hook for me.

Theodrus Saepe pisctum e cum patre me. Magister Habsne nstrmentum pisctrium?

Theodrus Nper pater nstrmentum pisctrium mihi mit: calamum, lneam, rte. Magister Scsne piscr?

Theodrus Ut tibi vrum dcam, pater pnit scam in hm pr m.

LEVEL III Paula Robertus

Paula and Robert discuss sports.

Paula: Robert, what sports do you play? Robert:In the springtime I usually play golf, but at times I also play tennis. Great! What sports do you play in summer? To tell you the truth, in summer I am often on the golf course; I just love to play golf. After that I swim in our new pool for a while. But I also like to play baseball. What position do you play? Mostly I play first base, but at times I play shortstop. Naturally, I like to hear the cheers of the fans in the stands whenever I hit the ball out of the ball park.

Quibus, Roberte, thltics ldis? Vern tempore plrumque pilamalle ld, sed interdum etiam tenisi ld. Euge! Quibus thltics aestte ldis? Ut vrum dcam, aestte in pilamalle camp saepe sum; eg prrsus am pilamalle ldere. Postillc in nostr piscn nov aliquamdi nat. Sed etiam m dlectat basipil ldere. Qu loc ldis? Ad prmam basim ld, sed interdum intermedius basirius ld. Nempe audre clmrs fautrum mihi placet, quandcumque pilam extr campum lsrium puls.

Paula Robertus

Paula Robertus

Chapter V: Sports and Other Leisure Activities Paula Robertus Macte virtte est, Roberte! Et quid d autumn? Au! Nl d autumn mentinem mihi facere, quia e tempore in scholam iterum mihi redeundum est. At nn semper in schol es. Agedum, aliquid temporis subsicvi thltics habs Rct dcis. Ineunte autumn adhc basipil ld. Sed deinde cum fors frgscit, corbifolle intus ldere praefer. Qu loc in turm ldis? Quod ego statr prcr sum, ego centrlis sum. Ann superire turma nostra invicta erat. Quibus thltics hieme ldis? Hieme am per glaciem patinre in stagn nn procul m. Postquam nivis csum, saepe nart in collibus in proxim. Edepol, t quidem magnus thlta es. Vsne nunc audre quibus thltics ego studeam? Ego . . . Benign, Paula. Enimvr occuptissimus sum. Gymnasium pet. Amc me m iam dudum exspectant. Nunc bene val.

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Good for you! And what about the fall? Ouch! Dont mention fall to me. Thats when I have to go back to school. But you are not always in school. You certainly have some spare time for sports. Youre right. At the beginning of fall I still play baseball. But when it gets cold, I prefer to play basketball inside. What position do you play on the team? Because I am tall, I am the center. Last year our team was undefeated. What sports do you play in winter? Well, in winter I love to skate on the pond not far from my home. After a snowfall, I often ski on the hills nearby. Gee, you are a great athlete. Now do you want to hear what sports I go in for? I . . . No, thank you, Paula. You see, Im really very busy. I am heading for the gym. My friends have been waiting there for me for a long time. Bye for now.

Paula

Robertus

Paula Robertus

Paula Robertus

Paula

Robertus

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Conversational Latin

TOPICAL VOCABULARY______________________________
Sports
GENERAL TERMS The following terms can be applied to several sports: athlete thlta |ae m, thltria |ae f athletic thlticus |a |um athletics thltica |ae f ball pila |ae f; (inflated) follis |is m; catch the ball pilam or follem excipi |ere excp exceptus; kick the ball follem pede pulsre or c cere c ictus; play ball pil or folle ldere; throw the ball pilam or follem conici |ere conic coniectus ball field campus | m lsrius ball game lsus |s m pilae (or follis) ball park campus | m lsrius bench s (wooden seat) scamnum | n; (ballplayers) cpiae |rum fpl subsidiriae bench tr ad scamnum relegre bleachers for |rum mpl block obst |stre |stit (+ dat), obsist |ere obstit (+ dat), obstru |ere obstrux obstructus coach s exercittor |tris m (trx |trcis f) coach tr & intr exercitre compete against contend |ere | contr (+ acc) competition contenti |nis f; (event) certmen |inis n competitor compettor |tris m (trx |trcis f) equipment appartus |s m, nstrmentum | n fan fautor |tris m (trx |trcis f) foul offnsa |ae f; commit a foul offnsam committ |ere comms commissus, poenliter ag agere g ctus game ldus | m, lsus |s m; (contest) certmen |inis n half: first half prior pars f certminis; second half altera pars certminis half-time dmidium tempus |oris n lose tr lose a game ld superr, ldum perd |dere |did |ditus intr vincor | victus sum losing team turma |ae f victa match certmen |inis n net rte |is n offside: be offside seorsum esse or stre opponent adversrius | m (a |ae f) overtime additicium tempus |oris n place: be in first place prmrius |a |um esse; be in second place secundrius |a |um esse; be in third place tertius |a |um esse; hold first (second, third) place statum prmrium (secundrium, tertium) habre play ld |ere ls lsum; play a game lsum ldere; play ball pil ldere player lsor |ris m, lstrx |cis f playing field campus | m lsrius position locus | m; what position do you play? qu loc ldis? referee arbiter |tr m (tra |trae f) point pnctum | n; score a point pnctum fer ferre tul ltus score summa |ae f pnctrum, status |s m; (in golf) summa ictuum; final score status fnlis; keep score ratinem pnctrum notre; the

Chapter V: Sports and Other Leisure Activities score is tied summae pnctrum sunt pars scoreboard tabula |ae f pnctrum sport dsportus |s m, thltica |ae f; go in for sports dsportibus (or thlticae) stude |re |u; play sports in dsportibus (or thltic) versor |r |tus sum, dsportibus (or thltic) ldere sport shirt camisia |ae f campestris sportswear vestis |is f campestris squad turma |ae f stadium stadium | n stands (for seating) for |rum mpl sub, substitute succdneus | m (a |ae f), suppositicius | m (-a |ae f) team turma |ae f throw s.o. out of the game aliquem camp (lsri) relegre umpire arbiter |r m (tra |trae f) warm-up exercitti |nis f whistle sibilus | m; blow the whistle sibilum mitt |ere ms missus; final whistle sibilus fnlis; starting whistle sibilus initilis win victoria |ae f win a game ld vinc |ere vc winning team turma |ae f victrx win on points praevalentia |ae f pnctrum win on points praevale |re |u per pncta SPECIFIC SPORTS archery sagittti |nis f arrow sagitta |ae f bow arcus |s m hit feri |re bulls eye medius scopus | m target scopus | m

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badminton ldus | m pilae pinntae; play badminton pil pinnt ldere net rte |is n net ball pila |ae f rte perstringns racket rticulum | n (manubritum) baseball (the ball itself) basipila |ae f; (the sport) ldus | m basipilae; play baseball basipil ldere base (first, second, third, home) basis |is (acc: |im) (prma, secunda, tertia, summa or domestica) baseball game basipilae lsus |s m, basipilae certmen |inis n baseman (first, second, third) (prmus, secundus, tertius) basirius | m (a |ae f) bat clva |ae f (lsria) batter clvtor |tris m (trx |trcis f), pulstor |tris m (trx |trcis f catch excipi |ere excp exceptus catcher exceptor |ris m, exceptrx |cis f fly pila |ae f volns glove digitbulum | n hit s pulsus |s m hit tr pulsre; hit the ball out of the park pilam extr campum lsrium pulsre home plate basis |is f summa, basis domestica home run circuitus |s m basium; hit a home run circuitum basium facere inning missus |s m outfielder externus (-a) custs |dis mf

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Conversational Latin pitcher coniector |ris m, coniectrx |cis f pitchers mound coniectris (coniectrcis) grmus | m shortstop intermedius (-a) basirius | m (a |ae f) boxing glove caestus |s m boxing match certmen |inis n pugiltrium knock down stern |ere strv strtus knock out s.o. cerebrum alicui dminu |ere | punch s pugnus | m; land a punch on s.o. pugnum alicui dcere punch tr pugn (or pugns) caed |ere cecd punching bag corycus | m, follis |is m pugiltrius ring suggestus |s m pugiltrius round congressus |s m; lose a round congress vincr | victus sum; win a round congress vinc |ere vc bowling cnrum ldus | m, cnildium | n bowl intr globum volutre, cns ldere bowling alley (single lane) cnrum reola |ae f; (building of bowling alleys) aeds |is f ad cnildium bowling ball globus | m lsrius, globus | m cnrum bowling lane cnrum reola |ae f bowling pin cnus | m lsrius make a strike omns cns (lsris) simul dcuti |ere dcuss dcussus discus throwing disc iactus |s m fishing pisctus |s m bait sca |ae f catch, haul pisctus |s m catch fish piscs captre

basketball (ball) corbifollis |is m; (game) corbifollis ldus | m; play basketball corbifolle ldere basket corbis |is m; make a basket corbifollem per corbem inici inicere inic iniectus center centrlis |is mf court aula |ae f lsria dribble tr & intr repercutitre dribbling repercuti |nis f forward oppugntor |tris m (trx |trcis f) foul offnsa |ae f; commit a foul offnsam committ |ere comms commissus, poenliter ag agere g foul line lnea |ae f poenlis foul shot iactus |s m lne poenl guard custs |dis mf pass (the act) corbifollis trnsiecti |nis f; (the passed ball) corbifollis m trnsiectus pass the ball corbifollem trnsici |icere |ic |iectus slam dunk tuxtax (per corbem) iniectus |s m boxing pugiltus |s m, pugilti |nis f box intr pugi(l)lre boxer pugil |is mf boxing champion pugilum rx, rgis m; heavy-weight champion pugilum rx maxim ponderis

Chapter V: Sports and Other Leisure Activities fish intr (ham) piscor |r |tus sum; go fishing pisctum e re v or |i fish s piscis |is m fisherman pisctor |ris m fish hook hmus | m; put the bait on the hook scam hm impn |pnere |posu |positus fishing line lnea |ae f (pisctria) fishing net rte |is n (pisctrium) fishing rod calamus | m pisctrius, harund |inis f fishing tackle nstrmentum | n pisctrium net rte |is n football (game) pedifollium | n, pedildium | n (mre Americn) (ball) pedifollis |is m; play football pedifolle ldere center centrlis |is m end (left, right) (sinister, dexter) lrius | m or exter |er m extra point pnctum | n additcium; kick an extra point pr pnct additci pede pulsre football player pedilsor |ris m football shoes calcementa |rum npl pedifoli fullback posterus | m goal line calx, calcis f, crta |ae f goal post plus | m portae guard s custs, custdis m halfback smiposterus | m intercept intercipi |cipere |cp |ceptus interception intercepti |nis f interceptor interceptor |ris m

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kick pede pulsre, pede c cere c ictus kickoff pede pulsus |s m initilis linesman idex |icis m lnerius pass pedifollis triectus |s m pass the ball to pedifollem trici |icere |ic |iectus ad (+ acc) play in the first (second) half in parte prire (alter) certminis ldere quarterback cardinlis |is m punt pedifollem pede pulsre sideline lnea |ae f laterlis tackle s assulttor |ris m tackle tr stern |ere strv strtus touchdown: make or score a touchdown calcem (or crtam) atting |ere attig attctus golf pilamalleus | m; play golf pilamalle ldere bunker obstrculum | n caddy clviger |er m fairway prtum | n perlongum golf club clva |ae f; (driver) clva agittria; (iron) clva ferrea golf course pilamalle campus | m golfer pilamalle lsor |ris m (lstrx |cis f) green rea |ae f viridis hit c cere c ictus hole foveola |ae f miniature golf course locus | m pilamalle mint sand trap harnria |ae f score summa |ae f ictuum stroke ictus |s m tee grmulus | m tee off prmum c |ere c

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Conversational Latin hunting dog canis |is m vnticus hunting gear nstrmentum | n vntrium hunting gun scloptum | n vntrium game (prey) vnti |nis f shotgun focle |is n bifistultum ice-skating (per glaciem) patinti |nis f figure skating patinti |nis f artificisa ice-skate s patinus | m ice-skate intr (per glaciem) patinre speed skating patinti |nis f vlx judo luctti |nis f Idica (or Iapnica) karate luctti |nis f cartica lacrosse ldus | m lacrossnsis crosse or lacrosse stick crocia |ae f; cradle the crosse crociam agitre long jump saltus |s m in longum mountain climbing ascnsi |nis f montium climb ascend |ere | ascnsus mountain climber ascnsor |ris m (ascnstrx |cis f) montium repel fne dscend |ere | rope fnis |is m scnsrius pentathlon pentthlum | n; win the pentathlon pentthl vinc |ere vc Ping-Pong mnslis pilae ldus | m; play Ping-Pong mnsl pil ldere net rte |is n net ball pila |ae f rte perstringns paddle plula |ae f pole vaulting saltus |s m perticrius

gymnastics gymnastica |ae f balance beam tgnum | n aequilbri gym, gymnasium gymnasium | n gym shoes calce |rum mpl gymnic horizontal bar ferrum | n trnsversum horse eculeus | m high jump saltus |s m in altum hockey ldus | m hoccius, alslegia |ae f; play hockey hocci ldere blue line lnea |e f caerulea center centrlis |is mf defenseman dfnsor |ris m field hockey ldus hoccius m goal porta |ae f; score a goal disculum in portam immitt |ere imms goalie portrius | m hockey stick pedum | n, ferula |ae f repanda left defenseman dfnsor |ris m sinister left wing lrius | m sinister puck disculus | m; pass the puck to disculum trici |icere |ici |iectus ad (+ acc) red line lnea |ae f rubra right defenseman dfnsor |ris m dexter right wing lrius | m dexter rink stadium | n glacile wing la |ae f hunting vnti |nis f; (the practice of hunting) vntra |ae f hunt s vntus |s m hunt tr & intr vnor |r |tus sum

Chapter V: Sports and Other Leisure Activities pole-vault intr pertic sali |re |u bar repgulum | n; to clear the bar repgulum trsili |re |u pole pertica |ae f polo alslegia |ae f equestris rollerskating patinti |nis f rotlis rollerblade pedirots lbor lb lpsus sum rollerblades pedirotae |rum fpl rollerskate rotells patinre rollerskates patin |rum mpl rotls skating s patinti |nis f skate patinre skate board tabula |ae f subrotta skater patintor |tris m (trx |trcis f) rowing rmigti |nis f crew rmigium- n oar rmus | m regatta certmen |inis f rmigi row rmigre rowboat cumba |ae f or scapha |ae f rmigera rower rmex |igis m rugby harpastum | n; play rugby harpast ldere sailing vlificti |nis f mast mlus | m sail vlum | n sail vlificre sailboat scapha |ae f vlifica tack intr scapham flect |ere flex topsail supparum | n skiing s nartti |nis f

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ski s narta |ae f; put on skis narts pedibus aptre, narts adstring |gere |x; take off the skis narts dstringere; wax the skis narts incrre ski intr nartre ski boot caliga |ae f narttria skier narttor |ris m, narttrx |cis f ski instructor nartand magister |tr m (tra |trae f) ski jump suggestus |s m dsultrius ski jump(ing) dsultra |ae f narttria ski lift anabathrum | n narttrium ski lodge casa |ae f narttrum ski pole baculum | n narttrium ski run curriculum | n nivle ski slope clvus | m narttrius slalom (slope) dcursi |nis f flexusa; (contest) certmen |inis n dcursinis flexusae snow nix, nivis f; powdery snow nix pulverea soccer pedifollium | n, pedildium | n; play soccer pedifolle ldere card: show the red (yellow) card chartulam rubram (flvam) mnstrre corner kick pede pulsus |s m angulris fullback (left, right) (sinister, dexter) dfnsor |ris m, (sinistra, dextra) dfnstrx |cis f get possession of the ball pedifolle potior |r |tus sum goal porta |ae f; score a goal follem per portam pede pulsre goal! Hei, follis per portam!

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Conversational Latin goalie portrius | m (a |ae f) goal area rea |ae f portria goal line lnea |ae f portria half-time score status |us m dmidi temporis header capite pulsus |s m head the ball pedifollem capite pulsre heel kick calce pulsus |s m kick pede pulsre linesman idex |icis m lnerius midfield (center, left, right) (centrlis, sinister, dexter) lsor |ris m medius, (centrlis, sinistra, dextra) lstrx |rcis f pass the ball to pedifollem trnspulsre ad pass trnspulsus |s m penalty area rea |ae f poenlis penalty kick pede pulsus |s m poenlis; (from 11 meters) pede pulsus |s m ndecim metrrum; (from 7 meters) pede pulsus |s m septem metrrum period: play in the first (second, third) period in parte prire (alter, terti) certminis ldere soccer player pedilsor |ris m (trx |trcis) f soccer shoes calcementa |rum npl pedifolli soccer stadium stadium | n pedifli striker oppugntor |tris m (trx |trcis f) sweeper lsor |ris m lber, lstrx |cis f lbera wing (left, right) (sinister, dexter) lrius | m, (sinistra, dextra) lria |ae f surf intr tabul flctivag per summs unds prlbor | prlpsus sum surfboard tabula |ae f flctvaga swimming s natti |nis f back stroke natti f resupna dive s praeceps saltus |s m dive praeceps sali |re |i (or |u) diving board tabula |ae f dsultria free-style natti f lbera breast stroke natti f pectorlis (or prna) swim natre swimming instructor natand magister |r m (ra |rae f) swimming meet certmen |inis n nattrium swimming pool piscna |ae f, natbulum | n tennis tenildium | n, tenisia |ae f; play tennis tenisi ldere backhand drive pulsus |s m inversus doubles tenildium | n bis bnrum drive s pila f v prpulsa drive tr drive the ball pilam v prpell |ere prpuls prpulsus fault vitium | n hit pulsre; to hit out of bounds ultr lneam pulsre net rte |is n net ball pila |ae f rte praestringns racket rticulum | n (manubritum) serve s diectus |s m serve intr dici |ere dic set ctus |s m singles tenildium | n singulre tennis ball pila |ae f tenisiae

Chapter V: Sports and Other Leisure Activities tennis court campus | m tenisiae tennis match certmen |inis n tenisiae tennis player tenilsor |ris m (trx |trcis f), lenildius | m (a |ae f) track (the sport) cursra |ae f; (course laid out for running) curriculum | n finish line calx, calcis f, crta |ae f; reach the finish line calcem (or crtam) atting |ere attig attctus hundred meter dash cursus |s m centum metrrum lap curriculum | n, spatium | n long-distance running cursus |s m spati long runner cursor |ris m, curstrx |cis f start initium | n curss volleyball follis |is m voltilis; (game) ldus | m follis voltilis net rte |is n play volleyball folle voltil ldere spike the ball follem magn v prpell |ere prpuls prpulsus water-skiing per summs unds nartti |nis f water-ski intr per summs unds nartre water-ski s narta |ae f aqutica weight-lifting sublti |nis f lbrmentrum wrestling luctti |nis f wrestle luctor |r lucttus sum wrestler lucttor |ris m wrestling match certmen |inis n lucttinis OTHER LEISURE ACTIVITIES

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admission ticket tessera |ae f aditilis amplifier amplifictrum | n amusement park hort |rum mpl pblic oblectri band symphnia |ae f camera phtomchina |ae f, mchinula |ae f phtographica; digital camera phtomchina digitlis card chartula |ae f lsria; (ace bni |nis m; card game chartulrum (lsrirum) ldus | m; club crux, crucis (gen pl: crucum) f; diamond rta |ae f; heart cor, cordis n; jack pedisequus | m; joker chartula |ae f fortnns; king rx, rgis m; queen rgna |ae f; spade pla |ae f) play cards chartuls (lsris) ldere pass cters cd |ere cess shuffle (cut, deal) the cards chartuls misce |re |u mixtus (spn |ere sposu spositus, distribu |ere |u) suit color |ris m trick vics fpl (singulae, bnae, trnae, quaternae) trump s color |ris m praeltus trump intr (chartuls) feri |re cartoon (on television) spectculum | n animtum checker latrunculus | m; checkers (game) latrunculrum ldus | m; play checkers latrunculs ldere crown cornre king rx, rgis m chess ldus | m sccrum, sccildium | n; castle s turris |is f; tr adroccre; checkmate rgem tene |re |u; checkmate! cav rg!;

52

Conversational Latin chessboard sccrium | n; chess piece sccus | m; king rx, rgis m; knight eques |itis m; pawn pedes |itis m; queen rgna |ae f; rook rochus | m; square (on chessboard) casa |ae f; play chess sccs ldere monopoly monoplium | n; play monopoly monopli ldere motor boat nvicula |ae f automatria movie adj cnmatographicus |a |um, cnmaticus |a |um movie pellicula |ae f cnmatographica; go to see (watch) a movie pelliculam cnmatographicam vs |ere | (spectre); horror movie pellicula horrifera; show a movie pelliculam cnmatographicam exhibe |re |u |itus movie camera mchinula |ae f cnmatographica movie film pellicula |ae f (or taeniola |ae f) cnmatographica movies imgins |um fpl moventes movie screen linteum | n lt extentum movie theater cnmatum | n; go the movie theater (or to the movies) in cnmatum e re v music msica |ae f musical adj msicus |a |um musical s melodrmatium | n musician msicus | m, msica |ae f nightclub discothca |ae f opera melodrma |atis n; go to see an opera melodrma vs |ere | operetta melodramtium | n organ organum | n overture exrdium | n (melodrmatis) paint s pigmentum | n, color |ris m paint tr & intr ping |ere pnx pctus paint brush pnicillus | m painting (the art; picture) pictra |ae f pheasant phsina |ae f

chore pnsum | n; do chores pnsa faci |ere fc factus CD compactus discus | m CD player discophnium | n comedy cmoedia |ae f concert concentus |s m dance intr saltre dance s saltti |nis f dancer salttor |ris m, salttrx |cis f discotheque discothca |ae f documentary documentrium | n evening vespera |ae f; in the evening vesper; on Saturday evening di Sturn vesper film pellicula |ae f, taeniola |ae f; documentary film pellicula |ae f documentria; educational film pellicula didascalica; movie film pellicula cnmatographica; photographic film taeniola phtographica; show a film pelliculam (cnmatographicam) exhibe |re |u |itus free time tempus n lberum gamble ale ld |ere ls game (prey) praeda |ae f, vnti |nis f; (play) ldus | m game show spectculum | n lsrium gun scloptum | n hide and seek: play hide and seek per lsum latitre et quaeritre holidays friae |rum fpl library bibliothca |ae f

Chapter V: Sports and Other Leisure Activities photograph img |inis f phtographica photograph tr phtographic redd |ere reddid redditus photographer phtographus | m (a |ae f) photographic film taeniola |ae f phtographica piano clvicordium | n picnic cnula |ae f subdilis; go on a picnic excursinem ad cnulam subdilem smendam faci |ere fc picnic basket pnrium | n Ping-Pong mnslis pilae lsus |s m; play Ping-Pong mnsl pil ld |ere ls play (in a theater) fbula |ae f play ld |ere ls lsum; (an instrument) can |ere cecin cantus (+ abl of the instrument); (records, tape recorder, tapes) impell |ere impul impulsus; play a game ldum ldere; play ball pil ldere; play chess sccs ldere; play the drum tympanum pulsre; playground rea |ae f lsria polka saltti |nis f Bohemica; dance the polka Bohemic saltre radio radiophnum | n; by (or on the) radio radiophnic; listen to the radio radiophnum audre; turn down the radio vim radiophn remitt |ere rems remissus; turn on (off) the radio radiophnum excitre or impedi |re |vi |tus (expedre) radio broadcast missi |nis f radiophnica radio station stati |nis f radiophnica

53

record orbis |is m phnographicus; play (listen to) records orbs phnographics impell |ere impul impulsus (audi |re |v) record player mchinula |ae f phnographica remote control modertrum | n remtum sneakers calce |rum mpl gymnic stage play fbula |ae f thetrlis (or scaenica) stereo system systma |atis n stereophnicum summer s aests |tis f summer vacation friae aestvae; spend the summer vacation fris aestvs ag agere g ctus swing intr oscillre swing s oscillum | n talk show spectculum | n disputtvum tape s (audiotape) phnotaeniola |ae f; (audiocasette) phnocasta |ae f tape tr in phnotaeniol imprim |ere impress impressus tape recorder magntophnum | n television tlevsi |nis f; television set tlevsrium | n; run on (turn off) the television tlevsrium excitre (impedi |re |v |tus) (expedre); turn down (turn up) the television vim tlevsri remitt |ere rems remissus (auge |re aux auctus); watch television tlevsinem spectre, tlespectre television audience tlevsrs |um mpl television broadcast missi |nis f tlevsifica television channel canlis |is m tlevsificus

54

Conversational Latin percts; spend the vacation fris ag agere g ctus; summer vacation friae aestvae, vacti aestva video cassette casta |ae f magntoscopia; listen to (play) a video cassette audi |re |v or |i |tus (volvo |ere |) castam magntoscopiam video cassette recorder (VCR) magntoscopium | n video game lsus |s m magntoscopicus; play video games lds magntoscopics ldere walk: go for a walk dambulre week hebdomas |adis f, septimna |ae f weekday dis | m prfstus weekend fnis |is m hebdomadis; on the weekend hebdomade exeunte, fne hebdomadis

television commercial praecnium | n tlevsificum television news tlediurna |rum npl television program programma |atis n tlevsificum, missi |nis f tlevsifica television screen quadrum | n tlevsificum television series seris | f tlevisifica television set tlevsrium | n television show spectculum | n tlevsificum telvision station stati |nis f tlevsifica television viewer tlevsor |ris (trx |trcis f) tragedy tragoedia |ae f TV room conclve |is n tlevsri nstructum vacation vacti |nis f, friae |rum fpl; at the end of vacation fris

Chapter VI: The Human Body

CONVERSATIONS ___________________________________
LEVEL I Magistra Linda Magistra Linda Magistra Linda Magistra Linda Magistra Linda

The teacher notices that Linda looks sick. She asks Linda what is wrong with her.
Teacher: Linda, are you sick? Linda: Yes, teacher. You are pale. Whats the matter with you? My stomach hurts. Does anything else hurt? My head hurts. Do you have a fever? Maybe. My forehead and my cheeks are hot. Go see a doctor as soon as possible. Thank you, teacher.

Linda, esne t aegrta? Ita, magistra. Pallida es. Quid est tibi? Stomachus meus dolet. Doletne quicquam aliud? Caput meum dolet. Habsne febrem? Fortasse. Frns et genae sunt calidae. Vse medicum quam prmum. Grtis tibi, magistra.

LEVEL II Scintilla Medicus Scintilla Medicus

A doctor is called in for the sick little girl, Scintilla.

Scintilla: Hello, doctor. Im not feeling good today. Doctor: Hello, Scintilla. Whats the trouble? I dont feel good. You see, Im sick. What hurts? Do you have a stomach ache?

Salv, medice. M male habe hodi. Salv, Scintilla. Quid est? M male habe. Aegrta enim sum. Quid dolet? Habsne dolrem stomach? 55

56 Scintilla Medicus

Conversational Latin Vae mihi, caput dolet; stomachus dolet; faucs dolent. Frns vidtur calida. Febrem magnam habs. Habsne cib appetentiam bonam? Minim. Ego nllam omnn appetentiam habe. Potesne noct dormre? Noctem pervigilbam. Gravdine labrs. Ecce, medicnam tibi habe. Et necesse est tibi manre in lect dus trsve dis. Num in scholam re possum? Minim vr! , grtis, medice; mults grtis! Iam m melius habe. Oh my, my head hurts; my stomach hurts; my throat hurts. Your forehead seems hot. You are running a high fever. Do you have a good appetite? No. I have no appetite at all. Are you able to sleep at night? I was awake all night long. Youre suffering from a cold. Look, I have medicine for you. And it is necessary for you to stay in bed for two or three days. I cant go to school, can I? Definitely not. Oh, thanks, doctor; thanks a lot. I already feel better.

Scintilla Medicus Scintilla Medicus

Scintilla Medicus Scintilla

LEVEL III Medicus

A doctor arrives at the scene of a fire to treat one of the victims, a young man.
Doctor: What is your name? And what happened to you? Young man: My name is Dominic. There was a fire in my apartment. A fire? How did you escape? The flames burned my hair and my face and my arms. Then I jumped from the window to the ground.

Quid nmen est tibi? Et quid tibi contigit?

Adulscns Nmen mihi est Dominicus. Fuit incendium in cncul me. Medicus Incendiumne? Qumodo effgist?

Adulscns Flammae capills et faciem et bracchia crembant. Deinde d fenestr in terram dsilu.

Chapter VI: The Human Body Medicus Licet videam num lla ossa frgeris. Gen dextrum et tlus dexter sunt tumidissima; fortasse crs frgist.

57

Let me see whether you have broken any bones. Your right knee and ankle are very swollen; maybe you broke your leg. I think that I also broke some ribs. My right side hurts a lot. Can you move your right foot? I can. But I cant stand on my right foot. In fact, I cant get up at all. Dont try to get up. It is possible that you broke some bones. What should I do? First, I will give you a pill which will relieve your pain. Then my boys will carry you in a litter to my home. I can take care of you better there. I am very grateful to you for your kindness.

Adulscns Cnse m etiam aliqus costs frgisse. Latus dextrum vald dolet. Medicus Potesne pedem dextrum movre?

Adulscns Possum. Sed dextr pede stre nn possum. Ego quidem nn omnn cnsurgere possum. Medicus Nl temptre cnsurgere! Crdibile est t aliqua ossa frgisse.

Adulscns Quid faciam? Medicus Prmum db tibi pilulam quae dolrem levbit. Deinde puer me t in lectc domum meam gerent. Possum crre t melius ibi.

Adulscns Tibi habe magnam grtiam ob beneficium tuum.

TOPICAL VOCABULARY______________________________
ankle tlus | m appendix appendix |icis f arm bracchium | n; (upper) lacertus | m armpit la |ae f, axilla |ae f artery artria |ae f back tergum | n backside postcum | n beard barba |ae f belly alvus | f belly button umbilcus | m bile blis |is f bladder vsca |ae f blood sanguis |inis m; (outside the body) cruor |ris m bone os, ossis n bosom sinus |s m bowels alvus | f brain cerebrum | n breast pectus |oris n; (female) mamma |ae f, mammilla |ae f buttocks nats |ium fpl calf sra |ae f cartilage cartilg |inis f

58 cheek gena |ae f chin mentum | n colon clon | n

Conversational Latin hair of the head capill |rum mpl; coma ae f; caesaris | f hamstring poples |itis m hand manus |s f head caput |itis n back of the head occipitium | n top of the head vertex |icis m hearing (sense) audtus |s m heart cor, cordis n heel calx |cis f hip coxa |ae f, coxendix |icis f intestines intestna |rum npl jaw maxilla |ae f joint articulus | m kidneys rns |ium mpl knee gen |s n kneecap patella |ae f knuckle articulus | m digit lap gremium | n leg crs, crris n ligament ligmen |inis n lip labrum | n lower lip labrum n nferius upper lip labrum n superius liver iecur |oris n lung pulm |nis m marrow medulla |ae f mouth s, ris n muscle msculus | m mustache subium | n mucus mcus | m nail unguis |is m; to cut the nails ungus resec |re |u |tus navel umbilcus | m neck collum | n, cervx |cis f nipple papilla |ae f

curl cirrus | m, cincinnulus | m curly cirrtus |a |um, cincinnulus |a |um; to have curly hair cincinnul capill esse diaphragm praecordia |rum npl ear auris |is f; (outer) auricula |ae f elbow cubitum | n, ulna |ae f esophagus gula |ae f eye oculus | m eyeball orbis |is m ocul eyebrow supercilium | n eyelashes cilium | n eyelid palpebra |ae f face facis | f finger digitus | m finger tip digitus m extrmus index finger index |icis m little finger digitus m minimus middle finger digitus m medius ring finger digitus m nulris thumb pollex |icis m fingernail unguis |is m fist pugnus | m flesh car |nis f foot ps, pedis m forehead frns, frontis f genitals genitlia |ium npl; (female) muliebria |ium npl; (male) virlia |ium npl groin inguen |inis n gum gingva |ae f hair (a single hair or hair collectively) capillus | m, crnis |is m

Chapter VI: The Human Body nose nsus | m nostrils nrs |ium fpl organ vscus |eris n palate paltum | n pancreas pancreas |atis n pelvis pelvis |is f penis pnis |is m phlegm ptuta |ae f pill pilula |ae f pupil ppilla |ae f rectum nus | m rib costa |ae f saliva salva |ae f shinbone tbia |ae f shoulder humerus | m shoulder blade scapula |ae f side latus |eris n, lia |rum npl sight (sense) vsus |s m skull calvria |ae f smell (sense) odrtus |s m sole solum | n, planta |ae f spine spna |ae f spit sptum | n stomach stomachus | m, venter |tris m sweat sdor |ris m taste (sense) gusttus |s m tear lacrima |ae f temple tempus |oris n tendon tend |inis m testicle testiculus | m thigh femur |oris n thumb pollex |icis m throat faucs |ium fpl toe digitus | m (pedis) big toe pollex |icis m toenail unguis |is m pedis tongue lingua |ae f tonsils tonsillae |rum fpl tooth dns, dentis m incisors dents mpl prmrs molars dents mpl maxillrs touch (sense) tactus |s m vagina vgna |ae f vein vna |ae f vertebra vertebra |ae f windpipe artria |ae f womb uterus | m waist media pars f corporis wrist prmris manus |s f wrist bone carpus | m

59

60

Conversational Latin

Chapter VII: Health and Physical Fitness

CONVERSATIONS ___________________________________
LEVEL I

A trainer interviews a young athlete.

Trainer: Claude, do you want to be an athlete? Claude: Yes. I exercise every day. What do you do? I jog daily. Terrific! How far do you jog? I jog two miles. What else do you do? If I have time, I lift weights. Terrific! What else do you do? I swim in our swimming pool. If you do this regularly, youll surely become a top athlete.

Exercittor Claud, vsne esse thlta? Claudius Ita. Ego ctdi m exerce.

Exercittor Quid facis? Claudius Ego ctdi toltim cursit.

Exercittor Euge! Quam long toltim cursits? Claudius Duo mlia passuum toltim cursit.

Exercittor Quid aliud facis? Claudius S tempus mihi est, lbrmenta toll.

Exercittor Euge! Quid aliud facis? Claudius Ego nat in piscn nostr.

Exercittor S t haec assidu facis, t quidem eris thlta summus. LEVEL II

The trainer attends to an injured athlete.

Trainer: Paul, whats wrong with you? Paul: I hurt myself in the gym. What happened? I see bruises on your legs. My friend and I were running; I accidentally fell and bruised myself.

Exercittor Paule, quid tibi est? Paulus Ego mihi nocu in gymnasi.

Exercittor Quid accidit? Vide contsins in crribus. Paulus Ego et amcus currbmus; ego cs cecid et m contud. 60

Chapter VII: Health and Physical Fitness Exercittor Habsne dolrem ingentem? Paulus Sn. Ecce gen sinistrum tumscit. Do you have a lot of pain?

61

Yes. Look, my left knee is swelling up. I see that your knee is very swollen. What should I do? First of all, soak that knee in cold water twice a day. Ive already soaked it three times today, but it doesnt do any good. Are you able to walk? Hardly. When I try to walk, my knee hurts terribly. I dont know what to do. As soon as it is possible, go to the infirmary. I cant treat it here. The doctor will heal your knee.

Exercittor Vide gen esse tumidissimum. Paulus Quid faciam?

Exercittor Prmum omnium, fov illud gen in aqu frgid bis in di. Paulus Id hodi ter iam fv, sed nihil prdest.

Exercittor Potesne ambulre? Paulus Aegr. Cum ambulre tempt, gen vehementer dolet. Quid faciam nesci.

Exercittor Cum prmum fier potest, in valtdinrium. Nn possum id crre hc. Medicus gen snbit. LEVEL III Mter

A mother checks her daughters health.

Mother: Amanda, whats wrong with you? You dont look well. Your eyes are red and you seem to be running a fever. Amanda: I seem to be suffering from a cold. My throat is hoarse, and I am continually cold, and constantly coughing. Thats strange, since you enjoy good health. Youre right, mother. I have always taken care of my health. I exercise constantly.

Amanda, quid est tibi? Nn salva vidris. Ocul rubent et vidris febricitre. Videor labrre gravdine. Faucs meae sunt raucae et ego continu alge et cnstanter tussi. Mrum est, nam valtdine bon teris. Vra dcis, mter. Valtdinem semper crv. Assidu m exerce.

Amanda

Mter Amanda

62 Mter

Conversational Latin Id sci. T es corporis habits excellentis. Fortasse t hanc gravdinem contrxist apud scholam. Id fier potest, Mamma. Plraeque ex amcs mes gravdine labrant. Vide. Fortasse aliquis puer, gravdine labrns, t bsivit. Rs omnn nn ita est. Ego iam tussibam antequam m bsivit! I know that. You are in excellent shape. Maybe you caught this cold at school. Thats possible, Mom. Most of my friends are suffering from colds. I see. Perhaps some boy with a cold kissed you. Thats not at all the case. I already had a cough before he kissed me.

Amanda

Mter Amanda

TOPICAL VOCABULARY______________________________
ache s dolor |ris m ache intr dole |re |u; my muscle aches msculus mihi dolet aching dolns |entis acne acn |s f acupuncture acpnctra |ae f acute (illness) actus |a |um adrenaline adrnlnum | n; the adrenaline flows adrnlnum fluit agile agilis |is |e ail: what ails you? quid est tibi? ailment malum | n appetite (cib) appetentia |ae f; lack of appetite inedia |ae f; to give s.o. a good appetite alicui (cib) appetentiam excitre or faci |ere fc factus apply (a remedy) adhibe |re |u |itus arthritis arthrtis |idis f aspirin aspirnum | n asthma asthma |atis n athlete thlta |ae mf; like an athlete thltic athletic thlticus |a |um; athletic competition thltrum certmen |inis n athletics thltica |ae f attack s (of illness) impetus |s m, accessi |nis f attack tr (of a disease) occupre bad alinus |a |um; wine is bad for you vnum est alinum tibi bad breath foetor |ris m bald calvus |a |um baldness calvitium | n bandage s fascia |ae f bandage tr ligre bathe (a sore limb) fove |re fv bed lectus | m; to be confined to bed lect teneor |r tentus sum; to get out of bed lect surg |gere |rx bed-ridden valtdinrius |a |um biopsy biopsia |ae f black and blue lvidus |a |um; black and blue mark lvor |ris m blood pressure pressi |nis f sanguinis

Chapter VII: Health and Physical Fitness bloodshot: he has bloodshot eyes ocul ius sanguine suffs sunt boil frunculus | m bowlegged valgus |a |um breathe sprre; to breathe in nsprre; to breathe out exsprre bruise s contsi |nis f bruise tr contund |ere contud contsus bundle up s bene operi |re |u cancer cancer |cr m capsule capsula |ae f cardiac arrest stasis |es f cardiaca carcinoma carcinma |atis n care cra |ae f; take good care of your health! cr dligenter valtdinem tuam! catarracts catarractae |rum fpl oculrs cause (pain, swelling) move movre mv mtus chicken pox varicellae |rum fpl chronic longus |a |um, diturnus |a |um coach (of gymnastic training) exercittor |ris m, (rx |rcis f) cold s gravd |inis f; to catch a cold gravdinem contrah |trahere |trx |tractus; to have a cold gravdine labrre cold adj frgidus |a |um; to feel cold alge |re als complexion color |ris m; having a healthy complexion colrtus |a |um condition status |s m; physical condition corporis habitus |s m confined to bed lect tenr contract contrah |ere contrx contractus; to contract an illness morbum or adversam valtdinem contrahere convalesce convalsc |ere

63

cool off tr refrgerre intr refrgerr cough intr tussi |re cough s tussis |is m; to have a cough tussi |re cough drop pastillus | m tussiculris cramp convulsi |nis f curable snbilis |is |e cure snre dentist medicus | m dentrius; medica |ae f dentria dermatologist dermatologus | m (a |ae f) diabetes diabts |is m melltus diaphragm praecordia |rum npl diet s victs rati |nis f diet intr victs ratinem observre digest concoqu |coquere |cox |coctus digestion concocti |nis f disease morbus | m dizziness vertg |inis f dizzy vertginsus |a |um doctor medicus | m, medica |ae f doctors office medicna |ae f dose porti |nis f; small dose portiuncula |ae f drug (as remedy, medicine) medicmentum | n, medicmen |inis n; (as hallucinogen) medicmentum | n psychotropicum enjoy (good health) tor t sus sum (valtdine prsper) exercise s exercitti |nis f exercise intr s exerce |re |u exhale spritum mitt |ere ms missus

64 fart s pditum | n fart intr pd |ere pepd

Conversational Latin heart transplant cordis trnsplantti |nis f hernia hernia |ae f heroin heronum | n to use heroin heron tor t sus sum high blood pressure hypertonia |ae f hoarse raucus |a |um hormone hormnum | n hospital valtdinrium | n hygiene hygini |s f; practice hygiene hyginin exercre hygienic hyginicus |a |um illness morbus | m, (mala) valtd |inis f; serious illness gravis valtd ills mala |rum npl indigestion crdits |tis f infirmary valtdinrium | n inflame nflammre inflammation nflammti |nis f irritate exasperre kidney stones calcul |rum mpl rnls jog toltim cursitre lack of appetite inedia |ae f laxative medicmen |inis n laxtvum lift weights lbrmenta |rum npl toll |ere sustul subltus ligament ligmen |inis n lotion linmentum | n lump tberculum | n medical practice medicna |ae f medication medicmentum | n medicine medicna |ae f; to practice medicine medicnam exerce |re |u mouthwash colltrium | n mumps parttis |idis f

fat obsus |a |um (opp: gracilis |is |e) fatigue fatigti |nis f fever febris |is f; constant fever continua febris; high fever magna or ardns febris; slight fever febrecula |ae f; to run a fever febrcitre fracture fractra |ae f germ germen |inis n glaucoma glaucma |atis n go down (fever) conquisc |ere conquiv; (swelling) s summitt |ere summs gym gymnasium | n gym instructor exercittor |ris m; exercittrx |cis f gymnastic gymnasticus |a |um gymnastics ars, artis f gymnastica hale and hardy salvus et validus |a |um hard on inimcus |a |um (+ dat) have or suffer from (an illness, a disease) afficior affic affectus sum (+ abl) or labrre (+ abl, ab + abl, ex + abl); that man has cancer ille cancr afficitur or cancr labrat heal tr snre intr snsc |ere health (good or bad) valtd |inis f; bad health adversa (or mala, gravis, infirma) valtd; bad health suddenly hit me mala valtd m repent invsit; good health bona, (or firma, commoda, prspera) valtd; in sound health validus |a |um health food alimentum | n salbre healthy snus |a |um, salvus |a |um heart attack impetus |s m cardiacus heart failure dfecti |nis f cardiaca

Chapter VII: Health and Physical Fitness muscle msculus | m; pull a muscle msculum distorque |re distors distortus musclebound msculs nimis cnstrictus |a muscle cramp mscul convulsi |nis f muscle spasm mscul spasmus | m muscular msculsus |a |um muscular distrophy dystrophia |ae f msculris nearsighted myops |pis nearsightedness mypia |ae f nerve nervus | m nourishment alimentum | n nurse nosocoma |ae f; nosocomus | m nursing home gerontocmium | n obese obsus |a |um obesity obsits |tis f ophthalmologist ophthalmologus | m (a |ae f) pacemaker impulsrium | n cardiacum pain dolor |ris m; severe pain ingns or vehemns dolor patient s aeger |gr m, aegra |grae f physical condition corporis habitus |s m pill pilula |ae f pimple pstula |ae f pulse vnrum pulsus |s m; (fast vegetior; weak languidior); to feel s.o.s pulse vns or pulsum vnrum alicius tentre psychiatrist pschter |tr m (tra |trae f) psychologist pschologicus | m (a |ae f) radiation treatment crti |nis f radilis

65

recover recipi |ere recp suam valtdinem bonam; to recover from a serious illness grav morb recrer relieve levre remedy for remedium | n (+ gen) run curr |ere cucurr cursum running cursra |ae f runny nose distilltins |um fpl shape: to be in bad (good) shape mal (bon) habits esse, in mal (bon) habit esse shiver tremor |ris m; (severe) membrrum quassti |nis f shiver trem |ere |u shortness of breath anhlti |nis f sick aeger |gra |grum, aegrtus |a |um; to get sick in morbum incid |ere | sickly male validus |a |um sickness morbus | m situps: to do situps identidem reside |re resd skin cutis |is f (pale pallida; dry rida; soft mollis; tough dra; wrinkled rgsus |a |um) skinny macilentus |a |um slim gracilis |is |e (opp: obsus) smallpox variolae |rum fpl smallpox vaccination vaccnti |nis f variolrum sneeze sternu |uere |u sneezing sternmentum | n sore dolns |entis; my back is sore tergum mihi dolet sound integer |gra |grum spasm spasmus | m sprain s luxtra |ae f sprain tr luxre

66

Conversational Latin toothbrush pniculus | m dentrius toothpaste pasta |ae f dentria train tr (for physical proficiency) exercitre intr s exercitre trainer (of athletes) exercittor |ris m, exercittrx |cis f treat crre treatment (for) crti |nis f (+ gen of illness) trouble: to have stomach trouble stomach labrre tuberculosis phthisis |is f turn for the worse in dterius inclnr virus vrus | n; there is a virus going around vrus percrbrscit vitamin vtamnum | n well salvus |a |um wrinkle rga |ae f wrinkled rgsus |a |um

stroke apoplxia |ae f cerebr strong validus |a |um (opp: imbcillus |a |um) sun tan adustus color |ris m; to get a sun tan colorre suntanned adustus surgeon chrrgus | m (a |ae f) sweat s sdor |ris m; to break a sweat nsdre sweat intr sdre swell s attoll |ere (opp: s summittere) swell up (of limbs) turge |re turs swollen tumidus |a |um symptom nota |ae f, signum | n tablet pastillus | m tendonitis tendovgntis |idis f throat faucs |ium fpl toothache dolor |ris m dentium

Chapter VIII: Food and Drink

CONVERSATIONS ___________________________________
LEVEL I Ministra Sentor Ministra Sentor

A waitress waits on a senator.

Waitress: Hello, senator. Can I help you? Senator: Yes. Do you want to eat breakfast or lunch? Why, its early in the morning. And so Ill have breakfast, please. Do you want fried eggs or scrambled eggs or hard-boiled eggs or soft-boiled? I want to have an omelet. Do you want bacon with your omelet? Yes, but just a few strips. Do you want toast or rolls? Bring me some toast. And what do you want to drink? Coffee? Yes, a cup of coffee with cream. And hurry! Im dying of hunger. Your breakfast will soon be here.

Salv, sentor. Possumne tibi ministrre? Etiam. Vsne smere ientculum an prandium? Qun bene mne est. Itaque ientculum smam, quaes. Vsne va frcta an va mxta an va dra an apala? Vol habre laganum ex vs. Vsne lardum cum lagan? Etiam, at tantummodo pauca segmenta. Vsne pnem tostum an pniculs? Affer ad m aliquid pnis tost. Et quid vs ptre? Caffeam? Ita, pocillum caffeae cum crem. Et proper! Fame morior. Ientculum tuum mox hc erit.

Ministra

Sentor Ministra Sentor Ministra Sentor Ministra Sentor Ministra

67

68 LEVEL II Minister Philippus Minister Philippus Minister Philippus Minister Philippus Minister Philippus Minister Philippus Minister Philippus

Conversational Latin

A waiter serves dinner.

Salv. Possumne tibi nunc servre, Waiter: Hello. Can I serve you bone vir? now, sir? Sn potes. Quid in cn sms? Bbulam assam velim, quaes. Utrum smicoctam an percoctam? Percoctam, quaes. Et pma terrestria frcta. Vsne is an actria? Quod is habs hodi? Is collricum suve ex bbul. Accipiam actria. Vsne pocillum caffeae an pocillum theae? Neutrum vr. Praefer vnum. Utrum vnum album an sanguineum? Accipiam vnum sanguineum. Praefer vnum austrum vn dulc. Vsne bellria? Estne in prompt placenta ex socolt? Sn quidem. Vsne aliquid amplius? Nihil amplius, grtis. Appnam cibum quam prmum. Philip: Yes, indeed, you can. What will you have for supper? Id like roast beef, please. Rare or well done? Well done, please. And fried potatoes. Do you want soup or a salad? What kind of soup do you have today? Delicious beef noodle soup. Ill take the salad. Do you want a cup of coffee or a cup of tea? Actually, neither. I prefer wine. White wine or red? Ill take the red wine. I prefer dry wine to sweet wine. Do you want dessert? Is chocolate cake available? Yes, indeed. Do you want anything else? Nothing else, thanks. Ill serve your meal as soon as I can.

Minister Philippus Minister Philippus Minister

Chapter VIII: Food and Drink LEVEL III Mter

69

Planning a shopping trip.

Mother: Phyllis, we have to go shopping this morning. Are you ready? Phyllis: Fine, Mom. Tell me what you want and Ill jot down everything on this tablet. First of all, we will go to the butcher shop. What meats do we need? Id like to buy pork chops and roast beef and some hot dogs. Anything else? Nothing more at the butcher shop. Meat is so expensive nowadays. Next we will go to the vegetable market. What vegetables do you want to buy there? Lettuce, cucumbers, carrots, and cabbage. I still have enough of the other vegetables. Do you also want to go to the fish market? Only if fresh flounder is for sale today. Do we need anything from the bakery? Yes, three loaves of bread and ten rolls, as well as some cookies. Why do we have to buy so many groceries?

Phyllis, nbs obsnandum est hodi mne. Esne prompta? Bene, Mamma. Dc mihi quid vels et ego omnia in hc tabul dnotb. Prmum omnium, ad laninam bimus. Quibus carnibus egmus? Velim emere offs porcns et bbulam assam, et fortasse aliquot hills calents. Aliquid amplius? Nihil amplius apud laninam. Cr hodi tam pretisa est! Deinde bimus in forum holitrium. Quae holera vs emere ibi? Lactcam, cucumers, carts, brassicam. Adhc habe satis alirum holerum. Vsne re etiam in forum piscrium? Tantummodo s passer recns est vnlis hodi. Egmusne aliqu d pstrn? Ita, trs pns et decem pniculs atque aliquot crstula. Cr tot obsnia nbs emenda sunt?

Phyllis

Mter Phyllis Mter

Phyllis Mter

Phyllis Mter

Phyllis Mter Phyllis Mter Phyllis

70 Mter

Conversational Latin Pater patruum suum et amitam et erum lbers ad cnam vocvit. Spr es canem suum nn alltrs. Sc ego ipsa spr. Because father invited his uncle and aunt and their children to dinner. I hope they dont bring their dog along. I hope so too.

Phyllis

TOPICAL VOCABULARY______________________________
alcohol alcohol |is n alcoholic alcoholicus |a |um almond amygdalum | n appetizer gustti |nis f apple mlum | n apple pie crstum | n ex mls apricot armeniacum | n artichoke cinara |ae f asparagus asparagus | m bacon lardum | n baker pstor |ris m, pstrx |rcis f bakery pstrna |ae f banana arina |ae f, banna |ae f bean faba |ae f beef bbula |ae f beer cervisia |ae f berry bacca |ae f birthday cake lbum | n ntle bland lnis |is |e blueberry vaccnium | n boiled lixus |a |um booze tmtum | n bread pnis |is m breaded saligneus |a |um breakfast ientculum | n broil torre |re |u tostus broth is, iris n, isculum | n bun collris |idis f butcher lanius | m butcher shop lanina |ae f butter s butrum | n butter tr butrum adhibe |re |u |itus ad (+ acc) cabbage brassica |ae f, cramb |s f cake placenta |ae f candy cuppdiae |rum fpl carrot carta |ae f catsup see ketchup cauliflower brassica |ae f Pompina celery heloselnum | n cereal cerelia |ium npl cheese cake savillum | n cheese cseus | m cherry cerasum | n cherry pie crstum | n ex cerass chestnut castanea |ae f chicken (as food) gallncea |ae f chocolate socolta |ae f clam myax |acis m clear the table mundre mnsam cocktail propoma |atis n, cinnis |is m coffee caffea |ae f coffee cup pocillum | n cafferium coffee pot olla |ae f caffeae coffee set synthesis |is f cafferia cook coqu |ere cox coctus

Chapter VIII: Food and Drink cookie crstulum | n corkscrew extrculum | n corn mazium | n; corn on the cob mazium | n in spc course ferculum | n cream cremum | n, fls, flris m lactis cucumber cucumis |eris m cup of coffee (of tea) pocillum | n caffeae (theae) dessert bellria |rum npl, mnsa |ae f secunda dine cnre; to dine out fors cnre dinner cna |ae f; to eat dinner cnre, cnam sm |ere |ps |ptus; to have a roast for dinner assum in cn habe |re |u |itus dressing embamma |atis n; Caesar (Blue Cheese, French, Italian, Russian, Thousand Island) embamma Caesarinum (cse caerule, Gallicum, Italicum, Russicum, mille nsulrum) drink s pti |nis f; drinks ptins |um fpl, ptulenta |rum npl drink tr ptre duck (as food) anatna |ae f eat ed sse d sus; (a meal) sm |ere |ps |ptus egg vum | n; fried frctum; hardboiled drum; soft-boiled apalum; scrambled permxtum fish (as food) pisctus |s m flounder passer |eris m food cibus | m fork furcilla |ae f, fuscinula |ae f French fries pma |rum terrestria frcta fresh recns |entis fruit pma |rum npl

71

frozen congeltus |a |um; frozen dinner cna |ae f congelta; frozen food(s) cib |rum mpl congelt fry frg |ere frx frctus frying pan sartg |inis f garlic lium | n grape va |ae f green pepper pipertis |idis f grill s crticula |ae f grill tr super crticulam assre ham perna |ae f; smoked ham perna fmsa hamburger bbula |ae f concsa have (e.g., dinner) sm |ere |ps |ptus hazelnut avellna |ae f honey mel, mellis n hot dog hilla |ae calns (gen: hillae calentis) f horseradish amoracia |um npl hunger fams |is f ice cream congelidum cremum | n jelly quilon | n juice succus | m ketchup ketsupum | n kidney bean phaslus | m ladle trulla |ae f lamb (as food) agnna |ae f lemon citreum | n lemonade lmonta |ae f lentil lns |tis f lettuce lactca |ae f loaf of bread pnis |is m lobster locusta |ae f macaroni pasta |ae f tubulta margarine margarnum | n market macellum | n

72

Conversational Latin peel s cutis |is f peel tr resecre cutem (+ gen) pepper piper |eris n pepper shaker pipernum | n pickle salgamum | n pie crstum | n piece frstum | n pineapple pnea |ae f (Americna) pitcher urceus | m plate patella |ae f plum prnum | n pork porcna |ae f pork chop offa |ae f porcna potato pmum | n terrestre; baked potato pmum terrestre in furn coctum; fried potatoes pma terrestria frcta; mashed potatoes pulticula |ae f ex pms terrestribus potato chips lminae |rum fpl pmrum terrestrium powder sugar saccharum | n pulvereum pretzel pretiola |ae f; soft pretzel mollis pretiola prune prnum | n condtum radish rdcula |ae f raisin (va) passa |ae f rare smicoctus |a |um (opp: percoctus) raspberry mrum | n daeum restaurant caupna |ae f rice orza |ae f roast tr assre roast s assum | n roast beef bbula |ae f assa roast pork porcna |ae f assa roll pniculus | m salad actria |rum npl

mashed potatoes pulticula |ae f ex solns mayonnaise liqumen |inis n Magnicum meal cibus | m meat car |nis f meat tray carnrium | n menu index |icis m (or tabella |ae f) cibrum milk lc lactis n mineral water aqua |ae f minerlis mixed salad commxta actria |rum npl muffin scriblta |ae f mulberry mrum | n mushroom fungus | m mustard sinpi (or sinpe) |is n napkin mappa |ae f noodle soup is |ris n collricum nut nux, nucis f olive oil oleum | n olive olva |ae f omelet laganum | n ex vs onion caepa |ae f orange mlum | n aurantium orangeade ml auranti pti |nis f orange juice auranti succus | m oyster ostrea |ae f pancake artolaganum | n parsley apium | n, petroselnum | n pasta collra |ae f pea psum | n peach persicum | n peanut arachis |idis f (hypoga) peanut butter btrum | n ex arachidibus pear pirum | n

Chapter VIII: Food and Drink salad dressing see dressing salt sl, salis n salt shaker salnum | n sandwich pastillum | n fartum; ham sandwich pastillum pern fartum sardine sarda |ae f sauce is, iris n sausage farcmen |inis n, botulus | m seasoning condmentum | n serve (a person) servi |re |i; (food) appn |ere apposu appositus shell putmen |inis n shrimp squilla |ae f silverware argentea |rum npl sip sorbillre slice segmentum | n soup is, iris n, isculum | n; hot soup is fervns spicy cer cris cre spoon cochler |ris n steak frstum | n bbulae stew irulentum | n stewed irulentus |a |um stove focus | m straw (for drinking) sph |nis m strawberry frgum | n strip segmentum | n sugar saccharum | n sugar bowl vsculum | n sacchar sugar cube saccharum | n cubicum table mnsa |ae f

73

taste sapi |ere |v or |i; to taste like sapere (+ acc) tea thea |ae f tip corollrium | n; stips, stipis f toast pnis |is m tostus tomato lycopersicum | n tray ferculum | n veal vitulna |ae f vegetable holus |eris n venison vnti |nis f vinegar actum | n waiter minister |tr m waitress ministra |ae f walnut iglns |andis f water aqua |ae f watermelon mlopep |nis m white bread pnis |is m candidus whole-wheat bread autoprus m wine vnum | n; dry austrum; sweet dulce; red sanguineum; light tenue; white album [NOTEThe Romans did not have candy, chocolate, coffee, corn, ice cream, peanuts, potatoes, popcorn, tea, tomatoes, or turkey. They knew of butter and sugar, but used them only for medicinal purposes. Some of these items came into use in the Middle Ages, when Latin was still a widely spoken language.]

74

Conversational Latin

Chapter IX: Days, Weeks, Months, Years

CONVERSATIONS ___________________________________
LEVEL I Patricius Mrcia Patricius Mrcia Patricius Mrcia Patricius Mrcia Patricius Mrcia Patricius Mrcia

Two friends discuss their birthdays.

Patrick: Marcia, why are you so decked out today? Marcia: Because today is my birthday. How old are you? I am eighteen years old. How old are you? Im nineteen. In what month were you born? I was born in August. On what day were you born? On the fifth of May, of course. What I mean is, on what day of the week were you born? To tell you the truth, I dont know for sure. On Friday, I believe. How are you going to celebrate your birthday? My mother is throwing me a birthday party this evening. And you are invited. Thanks. Ill bring you a nice birthday present.

Mrcia, qur t hodi tam exrnta es? Quod hodi est meus dis ntlis. Quot anns nta es? Duodvgint anns nta sum. Quot anns ntus es t? ndvgint anns. Qu mnse ntus es? Ego mnse August ntus sum. Qu di nta es? Qunt di mnsis Mi sclicet. At enim qu di hebdomadis nta es? Ut vra dcam, certum nn sci. Di Veneris, crd. Qumodo ntlem celebrbis? Mter agitbit ntliciam hodi vesper. Et t invtris. Grtis. Afferam tibi bellum ntlicium.

Patricius

74

Chapter IX: Days, Weeks, Months, Years LEVEL II Glria Robertus

75

Two friends discuss their favorite seasons.

Gloria: Robert, which season do you like best? Robert: I especially love summer because I can swim in our swimming pool or in the pond. Besides, I can play ball. Which season do you like least? Winter, I suppose. I love the snow, but I cant take the cold. I always catch a terrible cold between December and February. But in winter we can ski and skate and throw snowballs. And we can go sleigh riding. Youre right, but at that time of the year the roads are often slippery and dangerous. Do you like spring? Yes, I do. After a harsh winter, it is pleasant to play outside again. What do you think of spring? O, I love to see the flowers begin to blossom. Now, what about the fall? When I think about autumn, I immediately think about school. I often wonder whether teachers are really all that eager to return to school after summer vacation. I dont know, but I doubt it.

Roberte, quod tempus ann tibi maxim placet? Aesttem praecipu am, quia in piscn nostr aut in stgn natre possum. Pil porr ldere possum. Quod tempus ann tibi minim placet? Hiems, opnor. Nivem am, sed frgoris impatins sum. Inter Decembrem et Februrium ego semper gravdinem terribilem contrah. Sed hieme nartre et patinre et pils nives conicere possumus. Et trahe veh possumus. Prob dcis, at, ill tempore ann, viae nnnumquam sunt lbricae et perculsae. Placetne tibi vr? Placet. Post sevram hiemem, amoenum est iterum fors ldere. Quid t d vre puts? , am vidre flrs flrscere. Quid autem d autumn? Cum d autumn put, statim d schol put. Saepe mror num magistr sint vr tam cupid ad scholam redeund post fris aestvs. Nesci, sed id dubit.

Glria Robertus

Glria

Robertus

Glria Robertus

Glria

Robertus

Glria

76 LEVEL III Marcus Cicer Marcus Cicer Marcus Cicer

Conversational Latin

A father gives his son some family history.

Mark: Father, when were you born? Cicero: On the third of January. Where did you grow up? I spent my entire youth in the small town of Arpinum. Where did you attend school as a youngster? First I attended school in Arpinum. But before my fourteenth year, my father decided to move to Rome. Did you ever return to Arpinum? Not for many years. At the age of fifteen, I received the toga of manhood. I was no longer a youngster, but a young man. When were you elected consul? I was elected consul in my fortyfourth year. At that time I was barely a middle-aged man.

Pater, quand ntus es? Terti di (mnsis) Inuri. Ubi adulscbs? Adulscentiam omnem in oppidul Arpn trnsg. Ubi ldum frequentbs ut adulscentulus? Prm ldum Arpn frequentbam. Ante autem decimum qurtum annum meum, pater meus Rmam migrre cnstituit. Rediist umquam Arpnum? Nn per mults anns. Decimum quntum agns, ego togam virlem smps. Nn ditius eram adulscentulus sed adulscns. Quand t cnsul cretus es? Quadrgsimum qurtum annum agns, cnsul cretus sum. Tum vix eram vir mediae aettis.

Marcus Cicer

Marcus Cicer

Marcus

Sententi tu, t nunc senscente, In your opinion, now that you are quae aets erat optima omnium? growing old, what age was the best of all? Est difficile dict. Quaeque enim aetsnfantia, pueritia, adulscentia, iuventa, media aets, etiam senectshabet et gaudia et incommoda. Quod est gaudium maximum senecttis? Quamquam iam aette prvectus sum, tamen contentus sum, quod mihi est mns sna in corpore sn. Sed gaudium maximum est familia amns et amc fidls. It is hard to say. For each age infancy, boyhood, adolescence, youth, middle age, even old agehas its joys and disappointments. What is the greatest joy of old age? Although I am now up in years, I am content, because I have a sound mind in a sound body. But the greatest joy is a loving family and loyal friends.

Cicer

Marcus Cicer

Chapter IX: Days, Weeks, Months, Years

77

TOPICAL VOCABULARY______________________________
adult adj adultus |a |um age aets |tis f; at age fifteen decimum quntum annum agns |entis; he was ten years of age erat decem anns ntus aged longaevus |a |um be up in years aette prvectus |a |um esse birth ntvits |tis f born: to be born nscor | ntus (-a) sum boyhood pueritia |ae f, aets |tis f puerlis; from boyhood on puer calendar fst |rum mpl, calendrium | n century saeculum | n death mors |tis f die morior | mortuus (-a) sum grow old sensc |ere senu grow up iuvensc |ere iuven growing up adulscns |entis grown-up adj adultus |a |um infancy nfantia |ae f month mnsis |is m January Inurius | m February Februrius | m March Mrtius | m April Aprlis |is m May Mius | m June Inius | m July Ilius | m August Augustus | m September September |bris m October Octber |bris m November November |bris m December December |bris m more (less) than years old mior (minor) quam anns ntus |a |um old vetulus |a |um; older mior |or |us nt; oldest maximus |a |um nt; to be years old anns ntus |a |um esse old age senects |tis f, senecta |ae f old lady anus |s f; little old lady anicula |ae f old man senex |is m old woman anus |s f oldster senex |is m over sixty years old mior (quam) anns sexgint ntus |a |um period of life aets |tis f vtae season tempus |oris n ann spring vr, vris n summer aests |tis f fall autumnus | m winter hiems |emis f week hebdomas, hebdomadis f, septimna |ae f; every week singuls septimns (or hebdomadibus); last (previous, next, this) week proxim (superire, nsequente, hc) hebdomade weekday dis | m prfstus Sunday dis | m Slis; dominica |ae f Monday dis | m Lnae Tuesday dis | m Mrtis Wednesday dis | m Mercuri Thursday dis | m Iovis Friday dis | m Veneris Saturday dis | m Sturn, Sabbata |rum npl year annus | m; in my twenty-first year annum prmum et vcsimum agns |entis ego young parvus |a |um, parvulus |a |um; younger inior |or |us; minor |or |us (nt); youngest minimus |a |um (nt)

78

Conversational Latin youth (age) adulscentia |ae f (between puer and iuvenis, between 15 and 30 years and even beyond); (young men collectively) iuvents |tis f; (young person) iuvenis |is mf youthful iuvenlis |is |e; iuvenis |is |e

young lady adulscns |entis f, muliercula |ae f young man adulscns |entis m, iuvenis |is m youngster adulscentulus | m, adulscentula |ae f

THE JULIAN CALENDAR _____________________________

The names of the Roman months are: Inurius, Februrius, Mrtius, Aprlis, Mius, Inius, Ilius, Augustus, September, Octber, November, December. The name of the month functions as an adjective in agreement with Kalendae, Nnae, ds. Before Augustus, the months July and August were called Quntlis and Sextlis. (Originally the Roman calendar began with March. This explains the names September, Octber, etc. In the year 153 B.C., in order to give the new consuls time to organize their armies and reach the latest frontier, the year was made to begin with January.) The Romans counted backward from three points in the month, Calends (Kalendae), Nones (Nnae), and Ides (ds), to which the names of the months are added as adjectives: Kalendae Inuriae, Nnae Ianuriae, ds Inuriae. The Calends are the first day, the Nones the fifth, and the Ides the thirteen. In March, May, July, and October the Nones and the Ides are two days later. In counting backward, the Romans used prdi (+ acc) for the day before: prdi Kalends Inuris (= December 31), prdi Nns Inuris (= January 4); prdi ds Inuris (= January 12). Because the Romans, in counting backward, counted both ends of the series, the second day before (by our system of reckoning) was designated as di terti ante Kalends, Nns, dus. Similarly, the third day before (by our system of reckoning) was designated as di qurt, and so on. To complicate matters further, the Romans generally did not say, for example, the third day before the Calends of January but before the third day Calends January, ante diem tertiam Kalends Inuris, often abbreviated a. d. III Kal. In. This was the most common form for indicating dates. Others were: di terti ante Kalends Inuris terti ante Kalends Inuris terti (III) Kalends Inuris These phrases are treated as nouns and combined with the prepositions ex (from), ad or in (up to), e.g.: ex ante diem tertium Kalends Inuris (from December 30) ad (or in) ante diem tertium Kalends Inuris (up to December 30) In leap years, the 25th was reckoned as the extra day in February. The 24th was called ante diem VI Kalends Mrtis and the 25th as ante diem bis VI Kalends Mrtis.

Chapter IX: Days, Weeks, Months, Years January, August, December day of the month

79

March, May, July, October

April, June, September, November

1 Kalends 2 VI Nns 3 V Nns 4 IV Nns 5 III Nns 6 Prdi Nns 7 Nns 8 VIII ds 9 VII ds 10 VI ds 11 V ds 12 IV ds 13 III ds 14 Prdi ds 15 dibus 16 XVII Kal. 17 XVI Kal. 18 XV Kal. 19 XIV Kal. 20 XIII Kal. 21 XII Kal. 22 XI Kal. 23 X Kal. 24 IX Kal. 25 VIII Kal. 26 VII Kal. 27 VI Kal. 28 V Kal. 29 IV Kal. 30 III Kal. 31 Prdi Kal.

Kalends IV Nns III Nns Prdi Nns Nns VIII ds VII ds VI ds V ds IV ds III ds Prdi ds dibus XIX Kal. XVIII Kal. XVII Kal. XVI Kal. XV Kal. XIV Kal. XIII Kal. XII Kal. XI Kal. X Kal. IX Kal. VIII Kal. VII Kal. VI Kal. V Kal. IV Kal. III Kal. Prdi Kal.

Kalends IV Nns III Nns Prdi Nns Nns VIII ds VII ds VI ds V ds IV ds III ds Prdi ds dibus XVIII Kal. XVII Kal. XVI Kal. XV Kal. XIV Kal. XIII Kal. XII Kal. XI Kal. X Kal. IX Kal. VIII Kal. VII Kal. VI Kal. V Kal. IV Kal. III Kal. Prdi Kal.

Kalends IV Nns III Nns Prdi Nns Nns VIII ds VII ds VI ds V ds IV ds III ds Prdi ds dibus XVI Kal. XV Kal. XIV Kal. XIII Kal. XII Kal. XI Kal. X Kal. IX Kal. VIII Kal. VII Kal. VI Kal. V Kal. IV Kal. III Kal. Prdi Kal.

Kalends IV Nns III Nns Prdi Nns Nns VIII ds VII ds VI ds V ds IV ds III ds Prdi ds dibus XVI Kal. XV Kal. XIV Kal. XIII Kal. XII Kal. XI Kal. X Kal. IX Kal. VIII Kal. VII Kal. VI Kal. bis VI Kal. V Kal. IV Kal. III Kal. Prdi Kal.

February (leap year)

February

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Conversational Latin

HOURS OF THE DAY AND WATCHES OF THE NIGHT _______

Table of Hours of the Day and Watches of the Night Among the Romans Tabula Hrrum Di Vigilirumque Noctis Apud Rmns DAY Morning DIES Mttnum tempus

7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6

oclock oclock oclock oclock oclock oclock oclock oclock oclock oclock oclock oclock oclock oclock oclock oclock oclock oclock oclock oclock oclock oclock oclock oclock

hra prma hra secunda hra tertia hra qurta hra qunta hra sexta hra septima hra octva hra nna hra decima hra ndecima hra duodecima hra prma hra secunda hra tertia hra qurta (vigilia secunda) hra qunta hra sexta (vigilia tertia) hra septima hra octva hra nna hra decima (vigilia qurta) hra ndecima hra duodecima

Midday

Merdis

NIGHT Evening

NOX Vespertnum tempus

Midnight

Media nox

NoteThe Romans considered a day as extending from midnight to the next midnight, just as we do. However, they counted the hours from 6:00 a.m. When the Romans wished to distinguish day-time hours from night hours, they said, for example prma di hra and prma noctis hra.

Chapter IX: Days, Weeks, Months, Years

81

TELLING TIME IN LATIN ACCORDING TO THE MODERN METHOD ________________

Hrs ab aliqu quaerere. Quota hra est? Est prma hra ante merdiem. / Est prma hra mtutna. Est prma hra postmerdina. / Est prma hra post merdiem. Est prma fer hra. Est prma hra minta qunta decima. Est prma hra et quadrns. Est prma hra et smihra. Est prma hra minta trcsima. Est prma hra minta quadrgsima qunta. Est prma hra et ddrns. Est secunda hra. / Sunt duae hrae. Est tertia hra. / Sunt trs hrae. Est quarta hra. / Sunt quattuor hrae. Est qunta hra. / Sunt qunque hrae. Est sexta hra. / Sunt sex hrae. Est septima hra. / Sunt septem hrae. Est octva hra. / Sunt oct hrae. Est nna hra. / Sunt novem hrae. Est decima hra. / Sunt decim hrae. Est ndecima hra. / Sunt ndecim hrae. Est duodecima hra. / Sunt duodecim hrae. Quot hr mne surgis? Hr septim mttn. Hr septim et quadrante. Hr septim et smihr. Hr septim et ddrante. to ask s.o. the time What time is it? It is one oclock A.M. It is one oclock P.M. It is about one o/clock. It is 1:15. It is 1:15. / It is quarter after one. It is 1:30. It is 1:30. It is 1:45. It is 1:45 It is two oclock. It is three oclock. It is four oclock. It is five oclock. It is six oclock. It is seven oclock. It is eight oclock. It is nine oclock. It is ten oclock. It is eleven oclock. It is twelve oclock. At what hour do you get up in the morning? At seven oclock in the morning. At 7:15. At 7:30. At 7:45.

Chapter X: Expressions of Time

CONVERSATIONS ___________________________________
LEVEL I Mara Iosphus Mara Iosphus Mara Iosphus Mara Iosphus

Marie asks her friend how he spends his days.

Marie: Joseph, how do you spend your day? Joseph: I get up early in the morning and wash (myself). At what time do you eat breakfast? I eat breakfast at 8:00 A.M. or soon thereafter. Do you then play in your house or outdoors? Sometimes I play in my house, at other times I play outdoors. Do you always play at home? Sometimes I spend the morning at my friends house. I dont do the same thing every day. At what time do you eat lunch?

Iosphe, qumodo diem agits? Bene mne surg et m lav. Quot hr ientculum smis? Octva hr mttn aut mox deinde ientculum sm. Ldisne deinde in aedibus an fors? Interdum in aedibus ld, alis ld fors. Ldisne semper dom? Nnnumquam tempus mttnum apud amcum agit. Nn idem ctdi faci. Quot hr prandium smis?

Mara Iosphus Mara

Plrumque merdie aut prm hr Generally at noon or 1:00 P.M.. It post merdiem. Variat in dis. varies from day to day. Quid facis postmerdi? Pater t adhc in forum dcit? Utcumque tempus patr est, m in forum dcit. Quidnam in for facitis? Cum prmum in forum pervenmus, taberns novs ibi vsitmus. 82 What do you do in the afternoon? Does your father still take you to the forum? Whenever my father has time, he takes me to the forum. Just what do you do in the forum? As soon as we get to the forum, we visit the new shops there.

Iosphus Mara Iosphus

Chapter X: Expressions of Time Mara Iosphus Mara Iosphus Quid in taberns facitis? Obsnmus. Pater mihi mnusculum saepe emit. Pater t in forum ctdi dcit? Nn ctdi. Praetere, hs temporibus pater est occuptissimus. E cs, qumodo tempus postmerdinum agits Ego plrumque tempus postmerdinum cum amcs agit. Quid vesper post cnam facis? Aliqua pnsa faci. Deinde, s tempus mihi est, librum leg, dnec dormtum e. LEVEL II What do you do in the shops?

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We shop. My father often buys me a little gift. Does your father take you to the forum every day? Not every day. Besides, these days my father is very busy. In that case, how do you spend the afternoon? I generally spend the afternoon with my friends. What do you do in the evening after dinner? I do some chores. Then, if I have time, I read a book till I go to sleep.

Mara Iosphus

Mara Iosphus

A coach interviews a new athlete.

Coach: Hello. Are you the new athlete? Athlete: Yes, I am. When did you arrive at the gym? A little while ago. Am I late? [lit: have I come late?] No. Indeed, youre on time. But all the other athletes are already here. How often do you exercise? To tell you the truth, daily: morning, noon, and night. How often do you jump rope? At least twice a day.

Exercittor Salv. Tne thlta novus es? thlta Sum.

Exercittor Quand ad gymnasium pervnist? thlta Paul ante. Srne vn?

Exercittor Nn. Vnist quidem temper. Sed ali thltae omns iam adsunt. Quotins t exercs? thlta Ut vra dcam, ctdi: mne, merdi, noct.

Exercittor Quotins ad fnem sals? thlta Saltem bis in di.

84

Conversational Latin Before noon or in the afternoon? Sometimes before noon, sometimes in the afternoon. It varies. How long do you jump rope? At least for half an hour. When did you last jog? The day before yesterday and yesterday. Are you going to jog today? Yes. I intend to jog a little later. In my opinion, you will be an outstanding athlete.

Exercittor Ante merdiem an post merdiem? thlta Modo ante merdiem, modo post merdiem. Variat.

Exercittor Quam di ad fnem sals? thlta Saltem smihram.

Exercittor Quand novissim toltim cursitvist? thlta Nudius tertius et her.

Exercittor Hodine toltim cursitbis? thlta Ita. Mihi in anim est toltim cursitre poste aliquant.

Exercittor Sententi me, t eris thlta praestns. LEVEL III Vitor Amcus Vitor Amcus Vitor Amcus Vitor Amcus Vitor

A traveler is about to take a bus trip to Florida.

Traveler: Id like to travel from North Carolina to Florida. Friend: What is your destination? My destination is Miami. Do you have your fare ready? Heres the fare. When does the bus depart? Soon. In fact, at eight oclock. Fine. I prefer to travel by day rather than at night. How far do you want to go on the first day? Id like to arrive in South Carolina tomorrow by nightfall, if possible.

Velim iter facere Septentrinl Croln in Flridam. Qu est tibi locus dstintus? Locus dstintus mihi est Mim. Habsne vectram in prompt? Ecce vectram. Quand raeda longa discdet? Mox. Profect secund hr. Bene! Interdi magis quam noct iter facere praefer. Quusque vs re prm di? Velim pervenre in Merdinlem Crolnam crs sub noctem, s fier potest.

Chapter X: Expressions of Time Amcus Vitor Amcus Vitor Amcus Vitor Ubi pernoctbis? Probbiliter in nesci qu dversri vehiculri. Quam di ibi manbis? Nl equidem multum temporis ibi perdere. Qumodo vesperam ags? Statim post cnam, balne pluvi tar et deinde rct b dormtum. Quot hr illinc discdere cupis? Statim post ientculum. Ad proximam noctem spr ns in merdinl Gergi futrs esse. Istud mehercle est spatium longissimum! S illc ante tempus pervnerimus, poter m remittere paulisper. Quam di vs ibi manre? Mihi in anim est bene mne postrdi discdere. S merdi in septentrinl Flrid prander, locum dstintum sub noctem perveniam.

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Where will you spend the night? Probably in some motel or other. How long will you stay there? I dont want to waste a lot of time there. How will you spend the evening? Immediately after dinner, Ill take a shower and then I will go right to sleep. At what time do you want to leave from there? Immediately after breakfast. By the following night, I hope that we will be in southern Georgia. Gee, thats a very long stretch! If we arrive there before time, Ill be able to relax a bit. How long do you want to stay there? I intend to leave early in the morning on the next day. If I eat lunch in northern Florida, I will arrive at our destination by nightfall.

Amcus Vitor

Amcus Vitor

Amcus Vitor

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Conversational Latin

TOPICAL VOCABULARY______________________________
ago (prepositive) abhinc, e.g., ten years ago abhinc decem anns; a short while ago paul ante; how long ago? quam prdem?; long ago iamddum, iamprdem; not so long ago haud ita prdem; sometime ago prdem ddum after conj postquam (+ indic); prep post (+ acc); after this post hc afternoon tempus |oris n postmerdinum; in the afternoon postmerdi, post merdiem afterwards posthc again and again etiam atque etiam, identidem always semper around circ, circiter (+ acc), d (+ abl); around midnight d medi nocte; around noon circiter merdiem as long as quamdi (+ indic); as soon as possible quam prmum; as yet adhc at: at least utique; at most summum; at once continu, mment before conj antequam, priusquam (+ indic); adv ante; prep ante (+ acc); before daylight ante lcem; before long propediem; before now antehc beginning prncipium | n; at the beginning of the year prncipi ann briefly summtim by (not later than) ad (+ acc); by January ad mnsem Inurium; by now: iam; by the sixth hour ad sextam hram calendar fst |rum mpl; calendrium | n century saeculum | n clock hrologium | n (see also clock, Chapter XIII) dark: after dark d nocte; in the dark d nocte darkness tenebrae |rum fpl date: dis | f; by what date? quam ad diem? day: dis | mf; a day, e.g., twice a day bis (in) di; any day now propediem; by day interdi; day and night et dis et nocts; every day ctdi, in singuls dis; from day to day in dis; from that day on ex e di; just the other day nper quidem; one day (on a certain day in the past) qudam di; on the day before he departed prdi quam abret; on the day before the Ides prdi ds; (on) the following day poster di; on the third day before the Calends of March ante diem qurtum Kalends Mrtis; the day after postrdi; the day after that postrdi ius di; the day after tomorrow perendi; the day before prdi; till late in the day ad multum diem; two days after that post diem tertium ius di; these days hs temporibus dawn: at dawn prm lce; before dawn antelcul daybreak: at daybreak prm lce, dlcul; till daybreak in prmam lcem, sque dlculum during inter (+ acc) end: in the end ab extrm; toward the end of his life tempore extrm evening vesper |er m, vespera |ae f; in the early evening prm vesper; in the evening vesper; last evening her vesper; this evening hodi vesper; very late in the evening pervesper ever umquam every day ctdi

Chapter X: Expressions of Time finally ad extrmum, tandem first (at first) prm; (in a series, followed by deinde, postrm) prmum; at first initi; first of all prmum omnium; for the first time prm for (during a certain period, expressed by acc), e.g., for ten days decem dis; (to denote the appointment of definite time) in (+ acc), e.g., he invited her to dinner for the following day eam ad cnam vocvit in posterum diem from prep ab or d or ex (+ abl); from day to day diem d di; diem ex di; in singuls dis; from sunrise till late in the day ab sle ort in multum di; from that day to this ex e di ad hanc diem; from the time when ex qu; from the very beginning iam inde prncipi; from this (that) time forward ex hc (ill) tempore future futra |rum npl; in the future in posterum half hour smihra |ae f; dmidium | n hrae hereafter posthc here and now dpraesentirum (adv) hour hra |ae f; a half hour smihra |ae f; an hour and a half ssquihra |ae f; a quarter of an hour quadrns |antis m hrae; every hour singuls hrs; from hour to hour in hrs; three quarters of an hour ddrns |antis m hrae; to last a few hours in paucs hrs drre hourly in hrs how long? quam di? how long ago? quam prdem?; quam ddum? how often? quotins? how soon? quam mox? immediately statim, continu

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just adv modo; just as cum maxim; just as I was writing cum haec maxim scrberem; just before (an event) sub (+ acc); just in time tempor; just then tunc maxim; just the other day modo; just when cum maxim last (adj used where English uses an adv) novissimus |a |um, e.g., Cicero spoke last Cicer novissimus loctus est; last night proxim nocte late adj srus |a |um late adv sr; all too late imm iam sr; too late srius; very late srissim lately nper later poste; a little later poste aliquant; to postpone till later differ |ferre distul dltus in aliud tempus latest: perhaps tomorrow, at latest the day after that fortasse crs, summum perendi least: at least saltem long di; how long quam di; how much longer quamdi etiam; long ago prdem; long after (before) mult post (ante); longer ditius; too long ditius, nimium di meanwhile interim midnight media nox, |ctis f; around midnight medi circiter nocte; at midnight medi nocte minute minta |ae f; in a minute mment temporis; the minute I saw you extempl ubi ego t vd; this minute (right now) iam; wait a minute exspect paulum, man dum, man paulisper morning tempus |oris n mttnum; early in the morning bene mne, mult mne; from morning till evening mne sque ad vesperam;

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Conversational Latin in the morning mne; the next morning mne postrdi; this morning hodi mne point: at this point (in time) hc loc previously antehc, prius rarely rr right from the start in prncipi lic; right now nunc iam second secunda |ae f since (temporal) ut (+ indic) someday (in indef. fut.) aliquand, aliqu di sometime aliquand sometimes nnnumquam; interdum; sometimes sometimes alis alis, modo modo, interdum interdum soon mox; (in a minute) iam; as soon as cum prmum; as soon as possible quam prmum; soon thereafter mox deinde; too soon nimium cito sooner or later srius ocius, srius aut citius then (at that time) tum; (next) deinde; just then tunc maxim; then and there lic till sque ad (+ acc), in (+ acc); till the month of July in mnsem Ilium time tempus |oris n; ahead of time ante tempus; a long time already (+ present tense) iam ddum, e.g., Ive been here a long time already iam ddum adsum; around the time of sub tempus (+ gen); at about the same time sub idem tempus; at another time alis; at one time at another alis alis; at that time ad id temporis; at the right time tempestv; at the time when qu tempestte; at the wrong time intempestv; at times interdum; a very short time ago modo; before time (prematurely) ante tempus; for a long time iam di; for a short time brev tempore; for the first time prmum; for the last time extrmum; for the time being in

nick: in the nick of time in ips articul temporis night nox, noctis f; at night noct; at this time of night hc noctis; by night noct; every night per singuls nocts; last night proxim nocte, hc nocte; night after night per singuls nocts; on the following night proxim nocte; on the night before last superire nocte; till late at night ad multam noctem nightfall: just before nightfall sub noctem; till nightfall sque ad noctem never numquam; never yet nndum no longer nn ditius noon merdis | m; at noon merdi not yet nndum now nunc; (denoting emphasis and urgency) iam; even now iam nunc; just now (a moment ago) modo; now and then subinde, nnnumquam, aliquand; now at last nunc tandem; now now modo modo; now that postequam (+ indic); right now (immediately) iam; ten years from now ad decem anns nowadays hodi, nunc occasion: for the occasion in tempus occasionally subinde oclock: at two oclock hr secund (see p. 81) once (on a certain occasion) qudam di; (one time) semel; at once lic, statim; (simultaneously) simul; once or twice semel atque iterum; once upon a time lim past: in the past antehc period spatium | n

Chapter X: Expressions of Time tempus; from time to time subinde; I have no time tempus nn est mihi; in a short time in brev spati; in good time, in plenty of time mtr; in (the course of) time tempore; it is high time for you to tempus maxim est ut t (+ subj); long ago iam ddum; make up for lost time cessta tempora corrig |ere corrx; not to have the time to tium nn habre (w. dat ger); once upon a time lim; on time temper; some time ago ddum, prdem; there was a time when (tempus) fuit cum; to ask what time it is hrs inqurere; to postpone to another time differre in aliud tempus; to ask the time quaerere hrs; to see what time it is hrs nspicere; to spend time tempus smere (agere, agitre); to waste time tempus perdere; what time is it? quota hra est?; quot hrae sunt?; to while away the time tempus fall |ere fefell times (use numeral adverbs) e.g., ten times decis; no more than three times ter nec amplius today hodi; before today ante hunc diem; starting today ex hc di

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tomorrow crs; day after tomorrow perendi; tomorrow morning crs mne; until tomorrow in crstinum tonight hc nocte twilight crepusculum | n; at twilight crepuscul until conj dnec; prep sque ad (+ acc) up till now antehc when cum, ubi, ut; (interrog) quand whenever quandcumque, utcumque, quotins while s a little while before paul ante; after a little while paul post; a short while ago paul ante while conj dum while tr to while away the time tempus fall |ere fefell year: annus | m; every year quotanns; the following year proximus annus; the previous year superior annus; at the beginning of the year ineunte ann, prncipi ann; at the end of the year exeunte ann; a hundred years from now ad centum anns yesterday her; the day before yesterday nudius tertius (adv, also written as one word); yesterday morning her mne

Chapter XI: Useful Colloquial Expressions

CONVERSATIONS ___________________________________
LEVEL I Brianus Galfridus Brianus Galfridus Brianus Galfridus Brianus Galfridus Brianus Galfridus Brianus Galfridus

Brian finds Jeffrey to be in a hurry.

Brian: Hold it, Jeffrey. Wait a minute, please. Jeffrey: Whats up, Brian? Im sorry but Im really in a hurry. Whats your hurry. Where are you going? Im heading for the library. Why? Certainly not for my amusement. Why then? What a question! Of course, out of love for hard work. What do you intend to do there? As usual, I am going to do research. Well, in that case Ill not hold you up. So long for now. Take it easy.

Ast, Galfride; man dum, quaes. Quid re est, Briane? M paenitet, vrum enim proper. Quid festns? Qu t agis? Ego bibliothcam pet. Quam ob rem? Cert nn anim caus. Cr igitur? Rogs? Sclicet operis ardu amre. Quid tibi in anim est ibi facere? Ut sole, indgtinem ctrus sum. Em, e cs t nn dtinb. Nunc val. tisus est.

LEVEL II Phyllis

Phyllis wants to discuss a problem with Marie.

Phyllis: Hey Marie, would you like to go out to dinner with me? Marie: Why not? But whats on your mind?

Heus Mara. Velsne mcum fors cnre? Quippin? Sed quid tibi in anim est?

Mara

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Chapter XI: Useful Colloquial Expressions Phyllis Mara Phyllis Mara Phyllis Mara Phyllis Ut vra dcam, ego in angustis versor. Nn tene. Quid est negti? Ego equidem admodum sollicitor. Quid id est? Qu caus ade perturbris? n verb, sollicitor d r pecnir. Perge porr. Quid d r pecnir? Mlim tcum d e in prvt loqu. Rem enim ttam per cnam per singula inb. Emus igitur. Nempe tibi succurram quoad possim. Nl sollicitr. LEVEL III Annetta

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To tell you the truth, Im in a tight spot. I dont get it. Whats the problem? Im really quite worried. What is it? Why are you so upset? In a word, Im worried about my personal finances. Go on. What about your personal finances? Id rather talk to you about that in private. You see, Ill go into the whole matter in detail over dinner. Lets go then. Naturally, Ill help you as far as I can. [lit: as far as I may be able] Dont worry.

Mara

Annette turns to her sister for advice.

Annette: Christine, my dear sister, you always give good advice. Now Id like to ask you for advice.

Christna, cra soror, rcta cnsilia semper ds. Nunc velim t cnsilium petere.

Christna Annetta

Cedo, Annetta. Cnsilium d qu? Christine: Out with it, Annette. Advice about what? Ut breviter dcam, iam ddum gesti iter in taliam facere. Euge! Rma vr hc ann tempore est bellissima. At quid est negti? Em, argentum mihi, ut ita dcam, paululum dficit. Quam mox prficsc tibi in anim est? To make a long story short, I have been itching for a long time to take a trip to Italy. Splendid! Rome, in fact, is very pretty at this time of the year. But whats the trouble? Well, I am, so to speak, a little short of money. [lit: money is running a little low for me] How soon do you intend to leave?

Christna

Annetta

Christna

92 Annetta Christna

Conversational Latin Cum prmum argentum conrdere poter. Nnne ades frequns n cum aliquot amcs dvitibus? Quidn es argent mtu fers? In grti quidem cum es sum, sed es numquam possim argentum rogre. Iam tene. Ex verbs tus collig t pecniam magis quam cnsilium m petere. Nnne ita est? Bene puts, Christna! Quid faciam sine t? Et benevola et benefica es. Ut aiunt, ea amca est quae in r dubi r iuvat. As soon as I can scrape the money together. You hang out with rich friends, dont you? Why dont you hit them for a loan? Im on good terms with them all right, but I could never ask them up for money. Now I get it. I infer from what you say that you are asking me for money rather than advice. Right? [lit: isnt it so?] Good thinking, Christine! What would I do without you? Youre both kind and generous. As they say, a friend in need is a friend indeed.

Annetta

Christna

Annetta

TOPICAL VOCABULARY______________________________
Additional colloquial expressions will be found in the General Vocabulary. ability: to the best of my ability pr me parte above: to be above (e.g., bribery) indignor |r |tus sum (+ acc) absence: in my absence m absente absolutely nothing nihil prrsus active: to be active in versor |r |tus sum in (+ abl) addition: in addition accdit quod (+ indic) advantage: to be of advantage prsum prdesse prfu advantage: to take advantage of the opportunity occsinem nancscor | nnctus sum advice: I will take your advice on the matter cnsilium tuum illus re capiam advice: on your advice t auctre afraid: what are you afraid of? quid est quod metuis? after all r vr aha! attat! ahead: go ahead, tell me! agedum, dc mihi! ail: what ails you? quid tibi est? all along: I knew all along sque ab initi scv all but propemodum; I have all but given up hope propemodum spem dms all over: its all over! ctum est! all the same (anyhow) nihil stius all there: are you quite all there? satisne snus (-a) es? alls well salva rs est amount: it amounts to the same thing tantundem est

Chapter XI: Useful Colloquial Expressions amusement: for ones amusement anim caus and so forth et perinde angry: he did nothing for you to be angry at nihil fcit quod suscnses answer: Ill answer you point by point tibi respondb (in writing: rescrbam) ad singula answer: now Ill answer your questions nunc respondb ad ea quae rogvist answer: thats not an answer to my question aliud t rog answer: to give s.o. an answer alicui respnsum redd |ere |id |itus anyhow (just the same) nec e stius; (in any event) utique anything else I can do for you? num quid aliud m vs? apologize: I apologize to you m tibi excs apology: please accept my apologies quaes, accipe excstins apparently ut vidtur applecart: to upset the applecart plaustrum percell |ere percul appointment: to have an appointment with cnstittum habe |re |u cum (+ abl) appointment: to keep an appointment ad cnstittum veni |re vn appreciate: I appreciate your kindness beneficium tuum tueor argue: stop arguing! dsine (pl: dsinite) argmentr! argument: to get into an argument in ltem ambiguam dscend |ere | argument: to put up an argument recsre ashamed: Im ashamed of it m pudet ius ashamed: Im ashamed to say m pudet dcere ask further questions quaer |ere quaesv ultr

93

ask: he asked me whether quaesvit m (or d m or ex m) num ask: he asked you a question ille t interrogvit ask: I want to ask you this hoc t rogre vol ask: to ask s.o. for s.th. aliquem aliquid rogre ask: why do you ask me that? quid m istud rogs? at all prrsum, omnn; you have no common sense at all nn cor omnn habs attend: Ill certainly attend to it dab equidem operam available: to be available praest esse average: on the average medi habit ratine aw, keep quiet! au, tac! aye yai yai! heu heu! back: to back s.o. alicui fave |re fv fautrus bad: wine is bad for you alinum tibi vnum est baloney! fbulae! bamboozle: you bamboozled me mihi dedist verba beat around the bush circumitine tor | sus sum begin: to begin with prmum enim best: to do ones best pr virl parte best: to make the best of it aequ anim fer ferre tul ltus bet: I bet he has taken off pn eum abvisse

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Conversational Latin bump into s.o. alicui occurrere (or alicui obviam fier) burst out laughing rsum effund |ere effd bury the hatchet simulttem dpn |ere dposu bush: dont beat around the bush nl (pl: nlte) schms loqu bush: he didnt beat around the bush nl circumitine sus est business: I always mind my own business negtium ag semper meum business: its my (your, etc.) business to see whats going on meum (tuum, etc.) est vidre quid agtur business: thats none of my business nihil ad m attinet business: to put s.o. out of business aliquem d negti dici |ere dic diectus business: what business is it of yours? quid id ad t attinet? busy: Im busy labrisus (-a) or occuptus |a sum busybody: ardli |nis mf buttonhole s.o. aliquem prehnsre cahoots: to be in cahoots with s.o. cum aliqu colld |dere |s care: for all I care me caus care: I dont care about such things Ista nn cr care: I dont care for (dont like) nl moror |r |tus sum (+ acc) care: I dont care to say more nn libet plra dcere care: I dont really care as long as me nl rfert dum (+ indic) care: take care of yourself cr ut vales (pl: crte ut valetis) care: what do I care! quid me!

bet: I bet you he doesnt win t spnsine prvoc illum nn esse victrum better half: where is your better half? Ubinam est tua altera? better: its better to commodius est (+ inf) better: its for the better in melius est better late than never potius sr quam numquam better: there, thats better! em istuc rctius! big-mouth! s drum! big-mouth: he was always a bigmouth semper drae buccae fuit blame: I dont blame you tibi nn improper blame: to push the blame on culpam in (+ acc) confer conferre contul colltus blame: you are to blame t peccs or t in culp es bless you d t ament; (after a sneeze) salv or saltem! bore: dont be a bore n ss odisus (|a) bother: dont bother me n mihi molestus (-a) ss bother: dont bother nl t (pl: nlte vs) movre brag: he brags too much about his money pecniam nimis iactat brains: shes got brains corcillum habet brief: make it brief! in pauca cnfer! briefly: to put it briefly ut breviter dcam brilliant! sophos! bring oneself to (do s.th.) animum indc |ere indx ut (+ subj) broke: to be broke solvend nn esse

Chapter XI: Useful Colloquial Expressions carry away: dont get carried away with enthusiasm nl (pl: nlte) studi efferr case: get off my case! n mihi molestus (-a) ss! case: if thats the case, s rs sc habet, case: in any case utcumque case: in case you have not s minus case: in no case haudququam case: in that case igitur; e cs case: since thats the case, quae cum ita sint, case: thats not the case nn ita rs est case: thats the case sunt ista or sc rs habet catch breath: let me catch my breath, please sine resprem, quaes catch red-handed flagrant dlict dprehend |dere |d |sus catch sight of cnspici |ere cnspex catch: I didnt catch what youre saying nn satis exaudibam quae loqueris catch: theres a catch to it enim istaec capti est certain: I dont know for certain nn cert (or certum) sci I take it as certain pr cert habe chance: he didnt give me a chance to answer mihi nn potesttem dedit respondend change: for a change variettis caus chat: to have a chat with cnfbulr cum (+ abl) chew out: why did the instructor chew you out? qu d caus docns t pilvit? clear out of here! hinc apage!

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clear: to clear $1000 in the first year prm ann mille dollars dterge |re dters dtersus clever: very clever! (well said!) fact dictum! come here this minute! concde hc cttum! come about veni |re vn ventum come: come back soon red (pl: redte) cito come down with an illness morb corripior | correptus sum come: come what may, well take it philosophically quod fors feret, fermus aequ anim comfortable: make yourselves comfortable rog ut vbs suviter sit coming: hes got whats coming to him habet quod sibi dbbtur common sense: to have common sense cor habe |re |u company: to keep each other company inter s colere concern: as far as Im concerned per m concern: how does that concern you? quid id ad t attinet? concerned: Im not terribly concerned about labr nn vald d (+ abl) condition: in excellent condition habitissimus |a |um condition: in good (bad) condition bene (male) habitus |a |um condition: on condition that e lge ut (+ subj) congratulations! macte virtte est! consent: without my consent m invt contradict oneself pugnantia loquor | loctus sum

96 control yourself t contin

Conversational Latin deaf: youre preaching to deaf ears ad surds aurs cants deal: a good deal of aliquantum (+ gen) deal: its a deal pactam rem habt (pl: habtte) decked out: why are you all decked out? quamobrem sc subrntus (-a) es? deliver: the mailman delivered the letter yesterday tabellrius litters her reddidit deny: I do not deny that nn nfitior |r (+ acc & inf) depend: it depends a lot on whether plrimum rfert num depend: it (all) depends on you ttum in t positum est detail: to go into a matter in detail rem per singula ine |re |i or |v difference of opinion dissenti |nis f difference: it makes no difference nl interest difference: it makes no difference to me (you, etc.) whether or nl me (tu, etc) interest (or rfert) utrum an (+ subj) difference: whats the difference anyhow! quid utique interest! or quid utique rfert? dig up s.th. about quicquam ruere d (+ abl) dirt cheap pr lut dirty look: to give s.o. a dirty look respici |ere respex aliquem minus familir vult disagree: I strongly disagree with you vehementer t dissenti disappear: to disappear from sight cnspect auferor auferr abltus sum disappoint: Ill not disappoint you nn fallam opninem tuam

convenience: do it at your convenience id fac commod tu convenience: write me at your earliest convenience scrbe ad m cum commodissim poteris convenient: when it will be convenient for you cum erit tuum commodum conversation: to engage in conversation with sermns cum (+ abl) cnfer cnferre contul cook up (fig) excgitre count: you can count on it that erit tibi perspectum (+ acc & inf) count: you can count on me potes nt m [abl] count: you dont count extr numerum es mihi crazy: hes crazy about her dperit eam crazy: hes crazy about sports morbsus est in lds creep: it makes my skin creep facit ut horream cut it out dsins! (pl: dsintis!); dsiste! (pl: dsistite!) cut that out right now supersed ists rbus iam cut the talk! its boring sgreg sermnem! taedet damned: Ill be damned if I know d m perdant, s sci darn: I dont give a darn about that (him, them) id (eum, es) nn faci flocc darned: Ill be darned if male m sit, s darned: Well, Ill be darned if I ever male m sit, s umquam (+ fut indic) dead: Im dead! interi! or peri!

Chapter XI: Useful Colloquial Expressions do good: it will do you (a lot of, no) good prderit (multum, nihil) tibi do in: he has done me in perdidit m do ones best operam d dare ded do: I dont know what to do quid faciam nesci do: it wont do to (+ inf) nn satis est (+ inf) do: what else can I do? quid aliud faciam? do: what more can I do? quid faciam amplius? do: will this do? satin(e) est? dogs: theyre going to the dogs pessum eunt doing: whats doing? quid agitur? done for: Im done for! nllus sum or Peri doubt: I have no doubt that nn mihi dubium est qun (+ subj) down pat: you have the whole thing down pat rdine omnem rem tens downhill: it was all downhill after that proclvia omnia erant postilla downhill: things are going downhill inclnta rs est drive s.o. mad: aliquem dmentem faci |ere fc factus drop it! (no more of that!) missa istaec fac! drop it, please! mitte, amb! drop in on (to visit) invs |ere | drop: lets drop the subject missa haec facimus duck the issue rem vtre duped: youve been duped good and proper tibi s est sublitum pln et prob dying to know: I am dying to know how you are doing vald ave scre, quid ags eat out fors cnre

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effort: make an effort to be on time d operam ut tempestv adss effort: youve wasted all your effort omnem operam perdidist else: who else is more deserving? quis alter est dignior hom? embarrassed: I am embarrassed by sum perturbtus cum (+ abl) end: put an end to fnem impn |ere imposu (+ dat) end: thats the end of me ctum est d m enough of this! haec quidem hctenus! evidently vidlicet excuse: excuse me ignsce mihi excuse: please excuse me obsecr, mihi ignscs expect: what do you expect? quid vs fier? expression: to change ones expression vultum flect |ere flex flexus eye: keep an eye on that guy adserv (pl: adservte) istum eye: look me in the eye aspicedum contr m eyes: keep your eyes open cav circumspicis face to face: to be face to face with you praesns praesent tibi esse face to face: we can discuss that face to face cram id agere possumus face: make a face s dc |ere dx fact: as a matter of fact enimvr fact: in fact vr; quidem fact: the facts speak for themselves rs ipsa indicat or rs pr s loquitur fact: the fact that quod (+ indic) fail: words fail me quid dcam nn inveni

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Conversational Latin figure out excgitre fine! prob! fine: you did fine fcist prob fine: everythings fine rct est fine: thats fine bene hoc habet finger: not lift a finger presss manibus sede |re sd finger: to point the finger at s.o. digitum ad aliquem intend |ere | fingers: to snap the fingers digits concrep |re |u fix: to be in a fix in angustis versor |r |tus sum flabbergast conturbre flabbergasted: we were absolutely flabbergasted ns omnn conturbbmur fly: to fly off the handle cito ferve |re | fond: to be fond of dlig |ere dlx dlctus for all that nec e stius or nihil stius for that matter ade forget about it! ice id ex anim! free: if you are free s vacbis friend: shes my best friend amca summa mea est from a to z: he explained everything to me from a to z ab aci et ac mihi omnia exposuit fun: he always makes fun of me (or pokes fun at me) iste m semper ldit (or inrdet) fun: it was pure fun hilaria mera erat fun: its no fun if you nn icundum est s t geez eu edepol or eu hercle general: in general fer, vulg get out of my way! d vi me dcde (pl: dcdite)!

fair: fair and square sine fc ac fallcis fair: I think thats fair id aequ faci |ere |fc fair: thats not fair of you nn aequum facis fall flat (of a speech, etc.) frge frgre fall for (a trick) fallor | (+ abl) fall sick in morbum incid |ere | far from it! minim! far-fetched idea conqustum cnsilium | n far: as far as Im concerned per m fault: to be at fault in culp esse favor: ask s.o. for a favor grtiam ab aliqu pet |ere petv favor: do s.o. a favor grtum alicui faci |ere fc factus favor: please do me this favor amb t, fac (or for a previous favor, refer) hanc grtiam mihi fear of God: he put the fear of God into them crvit ut ills Ippiter rtus esset feel bad (good) s male (bene) habre; to feel really bad about vald dole |re |u d (+ abl) feel better (physically) melius vale |re |u feel well: not feel quite well minus vale |re |u feel: because I felt like it quia mihi libitum est feel: I felt like it libuit feel: youll feel bad tibi cordolium erit feelers: put out feelers to tentre feeling: I wasnt feeling well ego m nn bell habbam figure on (rely on) ntor | nxus sum or nsus sum

Chapter XI: Useful Colloquial Expressions get (the business) over and done with (negtium) absolv |ere | absoltus get along: they get along well with each other (or one another) concorditer inter s congruunt get carried away by or with efferor efferr ltus sum (+ abl) get: do you get it now? iam tens? I get it tene get: dont you get it? nn t tens? now I get it! iam tene! get even with s.o. for ulcscor | ultus sum aliquem quod (+ indic) get even: if only I could get even with him for what he did Utinam istum ulcsc possem pr facts ius get: I cant get him to talk nn que rre ut loqutur get: I get it all right satis ea tene get: now get this nunc cognsce rem get rid of: I want to get rid of that pest istum molestum molr vol gist: the gist of what he said was this: hanc in sententiam dxit: give it here cedo (pl: cette) (an old imperative; can take a direct object) give it to em! adhib! (pl: adhibite!) glued: Im glued to my books in librs haere |re haes glum: why so glum? quid t es tam trstis? go and see whether he has come home or not ab, vse redieritne an nndum domum go on! perge (pl: pergite) porr go on: whats going on here? quid re hc est? go well: things are going fairly well agitur satis go: I dont go for (dont like) nl moror |r |tus sum (+ acc)

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go: I dont go in for sports lds [dat] nn stude go: please let me go mitte m ss go: whats going on? quid negt est? or quid agitur? go: where are you going? qu t agis? god bless you! tibi d bene faciant; (after a sneeze) salv or saltem going: good going! bene factum! goner: geez, Im a goner peri hercle good for you! macte virtte est! (said in praise) good job! bene factum! good lord! o d bon! good thinking! bene puts! good for: how long is that good for? quam di valbit? good, good! euge, euge! good-for-nothing adj nquam (indecl) good-for-nothing s: to be a good-fornothing nihil hominis esse good: to do a lot of good multum prsum prdesse prfu good: youre a good fellow frg es grateful: I am deeply grateful to you tibi grtiam habe maximam (or grtis maxims) great! eu! great: thats great! bene hercle factum! ha, ha, ha! hahahae! hand over: hand it over! cedo (pl: cette)! (an old imperative; can take a direct object) hand: hand me that food porrige mihi illum cibum hands: to have ones hands full satag |ere satg hands: to sit on ones hands (doing nothing) compresss manibus sede |re sd

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Conversational Latin heart: to take to heart familiriter fer ferre tul ltus heaven: for heavens sake obsecr [lit: I pray] heaven: Im in seventh heaven digit caelum atting heavens above! o d immortls! heck: who the heck are they? qu, malum, ist sunt? heels: to take to his heels s conicere in peds hell: Im going to catch hell habb convcium hello: Terentia says hello to you Terentia tibi saltem dcit here I am Ecce m here with it! cedo! (pl: cette!) (can take an accusative object, e.g.: here with that book! cedo istum librum!) hey you, Im talking to you! heus t, tibi ego dc! hide: to be after s.o.s hide corium alicius pet |ere petv hide: to risk his own hide cori su ldere hide: to save his own hide corium servre hit it off: did you hit it off with them? concordbsne cum ills? hit: hit s.o. for a loan ferre aliquem mtu argent hmmmmm hem hogwash: thats hogwash! quisquiliae! hold it! I wont let you leave ast! abre hinc nn sinam honest to god medius fidius honestly: tell me honestly dc bon fide hoot: I dont give a hoot about him eum flocc nn faci how come? qu istuc?

hang around with frequns adesse n cum (+ abl) hang: you can just go and hang yourself! drct in maximam malam crucem! happen: what happened? quid factum est? hard: he was hard on me in m drus erat hard: its hard to do, but Ill try just the same difficile fact est, sed cnbor nihil stius hard: to take this hard hoc drum accipi |ere accp harp on the same theme cantilnam eandem can |ere cecin have it your way! est ut lubet! have a tough time of it vald labrre have it in for s.o. alicui perculum dnntire have to do: what do you have to do with him? quid re tibi est cum ill? have to say: this I have to say haec habe dcere head: come into ones head in buccam veni |re vn [lit: come into ones cheek] head: from head to foot capite sque ad calcem head: to put heads together capita cnfer cnferre contul headway: we are making some headway, I hope ut spr, prficimus aliquantum health: for reasons of (bad) health valtdinis caus heart: from the heart ex anim; heart and soul tt pectore heart: my heart was in my throat anima mihi in ns erat [lit: my breath was in my nose]

Chapter XI: Useful Colloquial Expressions how so? qudum? or quid ita? hows that? (what did you say?) qudum? or quid iam? humor: to humor s.o. alicui mrem ger gerere gess hurray! euax! hurry! mtr! (pl: mtrte!) hurry: but Im in a hurry at proper hurry: whats your hurry? quid festns? Ill be right there iam ader idea: youre full of ideas plnus (-a) cnsili es importance: it is of the greatest importance to me that permagn me interest (+ acc & inf) important: it is (very) important to me (you) that magn (maxim) me (tu) interest (+ acc & inf) important: its not all that important tant nn est impression: to make a deep impression on maxim commove |re commv (+ acc) in: is your father in? estne pater intus? infer: I infer from what you say that ex verbs tus collig (+ acc & inf) influence: to have a lot of influence with multum posse in (+ abl) inform: to inform s.o. about aliquem certirem facere d (+ abl) initiative: on my own initiative me sponte inside: go inside! (pl: te) intus! intend: I intended to set out straight for home erat mihi in anim rct proficsc domum intentions: with the best intentions optim anim tns

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interested: I am interested in music msicae [dat] stude interested: I am interested in that id mihi crae est interesting: that book is interesting ille liber m tenet interrupt: dont interrupt me! nl (pl: nlte) mihi obloqu! is that so? itane? itch: Im just itching to gesti |re quidem (+ inf) jam: to be in a jam in angustis versor |r |tus sum job: good job! rct factum! job: its a big job but magnum opus est sed tamen joke: all joking aside ioc remt joke: as a joke per iocum joke: now youre joking iocris nunc t jokingly per iocum or inter iocum judgment: against my better judgment adversum ingenium meum just about (pretty well, virtually) propemodum just the same (anyhow) tamen or nihil stius keep this to yourself haec t tcum habt keep your cool! compsce mentem! keep a stiff upper lip! fac ut anim fort ss! keep: am I keeping you? num dtine t? kept: what kept you? quid tenuit qu minus venrs? kick the bucket animam bullre kid: dont kid me n m lds kidding: youre kidding ldis m kill time tempus fall |ere fefell

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Conversational Latin like: he said something like this haec fer dxit like: I like this hoc mihi placet like: I like to do this m iuvat hoc facere like: Id like you to come velim (ut) venis like: thats more like it propemodum est likely: it is more likely that facilius est ut (+ subj) likely: most likely he will come proximum est ut veniat line: drop me a line when you have time scrbe aliquid litterrum quand vacs line: hes feeding you a line verba tibi iste dat line: to form a long line longum agmen faci |ere fc factus line: to lay it on the line drctum loquor loqu loctus sum lip: keep a stiff upper lip fac, ut anim fort ss live it up pergraecor |r living: to make a living quaestum facere or vctum quaeritre living: youre living on borrowed time d lucr vvis (pl: vvitis) loaded with money cpisus |a |um loaf cessre loan: may I hit you for a loan? licet t mtu ferre? long: it would take too long to longum erat (+ inf) look like: I dont know what he (or she) looks like qu sit faci, nesci look: aha, the very person I was looking for Attat, quem quaerbam! look: it looks that way to me ita mihi vidtur

knock it off! parce! (pl: parcite!) know better: he thinks he knows better than I do cnset s pls sapere quam m know for sure certum (or cert) sci scre scv know: get to know nsc |ere nv ntus know: let me know what you are doing t m velim certirem facis, quid ags know: let me know where you are facit ut sciam ubi ss latest: today, at latest tomorrow hodi, summum crs laugh: I laughed till I cried rs sque ad lacrims lay a finger on s.o. aliquem n digit atting |ere attig lay it on the line drctum loquor loqu loctus sum lay off! dsine (pl: dsinite) tandem! leave me alone! omitte (pl: omittite) m leave it up to s.o. to alicui mandre (+ subj) leave no stone unturned nll loc dsum desse dfu let down: to let s.o. down alicui dsum desse dfu let fall: dmitt |ere dms dmissus let me go! mitte (pl: mittite) m! let me know facit (pl: facitte) ut sciam life and death: its not a question of life or death nn capitis rs agitur life: but such is life sed vta fert; to lead the life of riley vtam chiam ger |ere gess life: on my life! ita vvam! light: to make light of in lev habe |re |u

Chapter XI: Useful Colloquial Expressions low: I am low on (e.g., paper) (charta) mihi dest luck: good luck! flciter! lump s.o. together with aliquem accd |ere (+ dat) mad: Im mad at you tibi suscnse or ego tibi rtus sum mad: to be mad about (be madly in love with) dperi |re |i (+ acc) mad: to go mad mente alinr mail: I mailed the letter yesterday litters her ded matter: for that matter ade matter: it doesnt matter to me nihil ad m pertinet matter: no matter how quamvs (+ subj) matter: what does that matter to me (you, us)? quid id me (tu, nbs) rfert? matter: what on earths the matter? quidnam est? matter: whats the matter? quid est? or quid istuc est re? mean: do you know whom I mean? scsne quem dcam? mean: do you mean me? mne vs? yes, you t mean: do you really mean it? ain vr? yes, I do ai mean: how do you mean that? qu istuc vs? mean: now you know what I mean scs iam quid loquar mean: what do you mean? quid tibi vs? mean: what do you mean by that? quid istuc est verb? mean: what does this mean? quid hoc sibi vult?

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mean: what I mean is (in correcting a misunderstanding) at enim means: by all means! maxim! memory: if my memory serves me right, s ego satis commemin, memory: in memory of in memoriam (+ gen) memory: to commit to memory memoriae committo |ere comms mention: I dont want to mention him by name eum nl nminre mention: not to mention ut nn (or nihil) dcam d (+ abl) mention: not to mention the fact that ut mittam quod (+ indic) mention: since mention has been made of money, quoniam nummrum menti facta est, mess: geez, what a mess! eu edepol rs turbulents! mince: without mincing words sine fc ac fallcis mind: hes out of his mind alintus est s mind: I dont mind if you stay, provided youre quiet nn labr s mans, modo taces mind: I dont mind that nn cr quod (+ indic) mind: I made up my mind not to hurry erat in anim nihil festnre mind: I made up my mind to leave cnstitu hinc abre or certum est mihi hinc abre mind: I really dont mind that istuc quidem nn molest fer ferre tul mind: I was out of my mind when dsipibam mentis cum mind: Ive made up my mind mihi certum est mind: if you dont mind s tibi molestum nn est or s tibi vidtur

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Conversational Latin needless to say quid quaeris? neither: thats neither here nor there (a matter of indifference) susque dque est nerve: what nerve! audciam! news: if you happen to have any news about s quid forte nov habs d (+ abl); if you have no news about s nihil nov habs d (+ abl); Ill tell you when I have any news narrb, cum aliquid habb nov is there any news? num quid nov? no other news nihil praetere nov nice: it was nice of you to invite me, but no, thank you bene vocs, sed tam grtia est nice: it wasnt nice of you to say that nn bell fcist qu id dxers nick: youve come in the nick of time in ips articul temporis advens no way! minim! or nll mod! no, thanks tam grtia est or benign nonsense! ngs! nonsense: cut out the nonsense omitte ngs nonsense: thats a lot of nonsense ngae sunt istae magnae nonsense: you are talking nonsense ngs garrs nose: to have a good nose for these things haec fstv odrr nose: under ones very nose ante oculs nosey: I dont want to be nosey but nn libet crisus (-a) esse sed now heres the point nunc cognsce rem now what? quid nunc? nuts: hes nuts alintus est s nuts: youre nuts dlrs O.K. fiat or licet

mind: it had not entered my mind mihi in mentem nn vnerat mind: it slipped my mind to write to you fgit m ad t scrbere mind: never mind! (let is pass) sine! (pl: sinite) mind: never mind what he says mitte id quod dcit mind: set your mind at ease hab animum lnem et tranquillum mind: to change ones mind mentem mtre mind: to have in mind to in anim habre (+ inf) mind: to mind s.o. elses (ones own) business alina (sua) negtia crre mind: whats on your mind? quid tibi in anim est? misquote: you are misquoting me m alis verbs pnis mistake: by mistake imprdns, perperam mistake: youre making a big mistake errs pervers or vehementer errs mood: to be in a good mood bonum animum habe |re |u more of this another time sed d hc alis plribus mouth: I had better keep my mouth shut taceam optimum est mouth: shut your mouth obser s tuum! my oh my! vae miser (-ae) mihi! naturally (of course) nempe necessary: if it is necessary for you to stay on s opus est t commorr necessary: if it is necessary for your health s opus est ad valtdinem need: I (you, we) need money opus est mihi (tibi, nbs) argent [abl]

Chapter XI: Useful Colloquial Expressions O.K.: if its O.K. with you, s tibi vidtur O.K.: were O.K. bene habmus objection: I have no objection per m licet obliged: Im much obliged to you for sending me your book fcist mihi pergrtum quod librum ad m msist occasion: if occasion should arise, s fuerit occsi, occur: that had never occurred to me mihi istuc numquam in mentem vnerat of course sclicet, profect off: Im off to the forum ego hinc m ad forum (ag) off: where are you off to? qu t agis? oh boy! eu! once I get started, I cant stop quand incipi, dsinere nn que one on one: we can discuss that one on one id cram agere possumus ouch! oiei! out with it! (tell me!) cedo! (pl: cette!) (an old imperative) out of place: if it is not out of place, nisi alinum est, over: its all over! ctum est! or licet! overwhelmed: to be overwhelmed with work obru, tamquam flct, sc opere pain : stop being a pain in the neck molestus (-a) n ss pain: feel pain dolre afficior | affectus sum pardon: pardon me for what I said ignsce mihi, quod dxer particular: in particular potissimum pass for (appear to be) probre pr (+ abl)

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pave: to pave the way to viam faci |ere fc factus ad (+ acc) pay: it pays to listen pretium operae est auscultre pay s.o. a visit aliquem invs |ere | period: Ill not give in period nn concdam dx pickle: to be in a pickle in angustis versor |r |tus sum pinch: in a pinch in r dubi pity: I pity you misereor tu (pl: vestr) place: this is not the place to nn est hic locus ut (+ subj) plans: to make plans for the trip cnsilium capi |ere cp d itinere play up to s.o. aliquem col |ere colu play: stop playing games dsiste lds facere please sds (= s auds); quaes; (very informal) amb t pleasure: with pleasure libenter plus: consider it a plus id dput esse in lucr point: at this point hc point: beside the point nihil ad rem; get the point? tensne (pl: tentisne) rem? get to the point! ven ad rem! it got to the point where e dcursum est ut (+ subj); thats the main point id caput est up to this point hctenus; what was the point of your writing to me? quid rtulit t mittere ad m litters? whats the point of that? quam ad rem istud rfert? whats your point? (what are you driving at?) qu vdis? you miss the point nihil ad rem pertinet point: but to return to the point sed ad prpositum point: on that point hc d r

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Conversational Latin question: many questions are raised multa quaeruntur question: no question, hes at fault nempe in culp est question: thats a loaded question captisum interrogtum est question: to answer the question ad rogtum (or interrogtum) responde |re | question: to ask a loaded question captis interrogre question: why do you ask such questions? cr ista quaeris? quiet: why dont you keep quiet? qun t tacs? racket: to raise a racket clmrem toll |ere sustul subltus raise a rumpus turbs dare rat: I smell a rat aliquid mihi subolet rate: at any rate utique rather: do you know this fellow? hunc nvist? rather! facile! reason: for various reasons mults d causs reason: whats the reason why quid est enim, cr recall: as I recall ut mea memoria est red cent: I dont owe anyone a red cent assem aerrium nmin dbe red cent: I havent a red cent assem aerrium habe nllum regards: give him (her) my best regards dcit e multam mes verbs saltem remember: if I remember right, s bene memin, reminder: as a reminder memoriae caus retire in tium veni |re vn ventrus right away continu right from the start in prncipi lic

point: the point is that I no longer care about such things quod caput est, iam ista nn cr possible: is it really possible that numquid; is it really possible that you are telling the truth? numquid vra dcis? pretend: Ill pretend I dont know him dissimulb m eum nvisse pretend: Ill pretend Im leaving assimulb quasi abeam pretext: he left under the pretext that hinc abiit quasi (+ subj) pretty well (just about) propemodum privately: I want to speak with you privately velim tcum loqu in prvto or in scrt problem: whats the problem? quid est negt? promise: I am not making any definite promise nihil cert polliceor promises: to break promises prmissa frang |ere frg frctus promises: to keep promises prmissa servre promises: to make many promises multa polliceor |r pollicitus sum prove: this proves that document est (+ acc & inf) public: in public fors pull a fast one on verba dare (+ dat) pull oneself together s collig |ere collg put off: lets put this off to another time hanc rem in aliud tempus differmus put up with with s.o. aliquem perpetior | perpessus sum put yourself in my place fac qu ego sum, esse t put: youre putting it on a little thick es ptidiusculus

Chapter XI: Useful Colloquial Expressions right now nunciam right: thats right sc est right: you have every right to omne fs tibi est (+ inf) right: youre right bene dxist or vra dcis risk: at your own risk tu percul rough guess nfrmta cgitti round up cg |ere cog coctus rubbish! quisquiliae! ruckus: why are you raising such a ruckus? quid istum clmrem tollis (pl: tollitis)? run into s.o. on the street aliquem offend |ere | in plat sake: for the sake of caus (+ gen); for heavens sake obsecr (lit: i pray); for your sake tu (pl: vestr) caus same: its all the same to me me nihil interest satisfaction: to your satisfaction ex tu sententi satisfy: you cant satisfy everyone nn potes omnibus satis facere say: so they say ita aiunt scared: I am scared to death exanimtus (-a) met sum score: he doesnt know what the score is nescit quid agtur scram! apage scrape: Ill try to scrape together the money cnbor argentum conrdere see that you do it facit ut facis see: now I see (I understand) iam tene see: Ill see to it that crb ut (+ subj) self: he was not his usual self nn fuit cius mod solet serious: are you serious? srine dcis t?

107

service: to be at s.o.s service praest (+ dat) esse seventh heaven: to be in seventh heaven in cael esse shake hands dextrae iungere dextram or dextram iungere cum aliqu shame on you! pr pudor! shame: thats a darn shame edepol facinus improbum shame: what a shame! facinus indignum! or rem indignam! shoes: please put yourself in my shoes fac, quaes, qu ego sum, t esse shook: all shook up vehementer perturbtus short: in short in summ, ad summam show: this shows that indici est (+ acc & inf) shut up! obser s tuum! shut: why dont you just shut up? qun t tac modo? sick and tired: I am sick and tired of hearing the same thing over and over (m) pertaedet iam audre eadem identidem sick and tired: I am sick and tired of the business m negt pertaedet silly: dont be silly nl ineptre simply: I simply dont know what he is thinking of iam pln quid cgitet nesci situation: thats the situation here in Rome hc Rmae rs s sc habent situation: you see what the situation is vids qu in loc haec rs sit skull: Ill break your skull dminuam ego tibi caput slip: a slip of the tongue lapsus |s m linguae slip: it has slipped my mind memori excidit

108

Conversational Latin stick to the truth in vritte mane |re mns stone: I will leave no stone unturned nihil praetermittam stop right there! st lic! stop off at dversr apud (+ acc) stop off at s.o.s house dvert |ere | ad aliquem stop! ast! stop: he finally stopped talking fnem loquend dmum fcit story: to make a long story short n longus sim or n longam faciam straighten out a matter rem explicre strictly speaking propri stroll: would you like to take a stroll? velsne spatir? stuck: he is stuck on some girl or other in amrem haeret apud nesci quam virginem stuck: Im stuck (out of ideas) haere suggestion: at your suggestion t auctre sum: to sum up ad summam or in summam or in summ suppose: I suppose (parenthetical) ut opnor sure: be sure to come facit (or fac) modo ut venis sure: I am sure that certus (-a) sum (+ acc & inf) sure: to know for sure certum (or cert) scre suspense: not to keep you any longer in suspense n ditius pendes suspense: to be in suspense anim pende pendre pepend sweat: no sweat nn labr take it easy! parce! (pl: parcite!)

slip: it slipped my mind to fgit m (+ inf) smart: dont talk smart to me nl male dcere mihi smart: she is smart ingenisa est snowed: to be snowed under with obru, tamquam fluct, sc (+ abl) so far so good bell adhc so to speak ut ita dcam so help me god! medius fidius! so: thats not so! haud ita est sooner: no sooner said than done dict citius or dictum factum speak of the devil lupus in fbul speak Im listening loquere audi speak: well, speak up! qun t loquere spirit: thats the right spirit now nunc t frg bonae es splendid! euge! splendid: absolutely splendid! nimis factum bene! split ones sides laughing lia sua rs dissolv |ere | square: this simply doesnt square nn sn quadrat stand: I cant stand him istum ferre neque stand: Id like to know how matters stand velim scre qu mod rs s habeat standing ovation: to give s.o. a standing ovation alicui stants plaud |dere |s start: youve made a good start bene habent tibi prncipia starters: for starters prncipi step on it! mtr! (pl: mtrte!) stick to ones guns in sententi st stre stet

Chapter XI: Useful Colloquial Expressions take into consideration respici |ere respex take it hard that graviter fer ferre tul (+ acc & inf) take pains to in magn negti habe |re |u (+ inf) take place f fier factus sum take upon oneself (to) in s cnferre (+ inf) take: here, take it accipe, em take: I cant take it anymore pat neque amplius take: I take it (parenthetical) ut opnor taken in: they know that they were taken in sciunt sibi data esse verba talk: thats mere talk verba istaec sunt tear: I cant tear myself away from writing (from my books) in scrbend (in librs) haere |re haes tenterhooks: to be on tenterhooks anim pende |re pepend terms: Im on good terms with in grti sum cum (+ abl); mihi cum (+ abl) magna necessitd est thank you (for a future favor) amb t; (for a favor done) am t thank you for (+ gerund) tibi grtis ag agere g quod (+ indic) thank: I thank you for helping me grtis tibi ag quod m ivist thankful: I am thankful to you grtiam tibi habe thankful: you ought to be thankful to me grtiam habes mihi thanks a lot multum t am thanks for your gifts grtis tibi d dns tus thanks to me (you, etc.) me (tu, etc) oper thatll do sat est thats it! (enough!) tantum est!

109

thats right (in response to a question) sc est thats so ita est then and there ibi continu; lic think over reputre think s.th. over aliquid scum reputre think: I dont think so ego nn put think: I think so sc opnor think: that is exactly what I think ita prrsus exstim think: what do you think? quid cnss? tie up impedi |re |v |tus tie: to be tied up (e.g., with business) impedior |r |tus sum time: for the time being pr tempore time: hes having a good time by himself e bene est sl time: I havent the time haud mihi tium est time: Im having a good (lousy) time mihi bene (male) est time: in my spare time cum tempus subsicvum mihi est time: there is no time to study nn vacat studre tip: it was on the tip of the tongue erat in labrs prmribus to each his own cuique suum too bad about male (mehercule) d (+ abl) too bad about Marcus! male d Mrc! tooth and nail tt corpore et omnibus unguls top (surpass) superre top banana: he wants to be top banana vult s esse prmum omnium rrum

110

Conversational Latin up in the air (in uncertainty) in medi relictus |a |um; to be up in the air (to be undecided) pende pendre pepend ups and downs: there are ups and downs modo sc, modo sc upset: dont be upset nl (pl: nlte) perturbr upset: that upset me istuc m ipsum commovbat upsetting: that was more upsetting to me than to you illud mihi mir stomach erat quam tibi upside down: everything was upside down omnia erant srsum deorsum use: its no use licet use: whats the use! quid opus est? utter: she never uttered a word nllum verbum msit vein: in a similar vein ad similem sententiam very well (in agreement) fat virtually propemodum visit: to go to visit, pay a visit to vs |ere | |rus wait a minute if you dont mind man dum nisi piget wait a minute, please man dum, quaes want: now what do you want? quid nunc tibi vs? waste ones breath operam perd |dere |did waste: Im wasting my time frstr tempus conter watch out: hey you, watch out! heus t, cav! way: by the way obiter

top: at the top of ones voice summ vce topsy-turvy: everything was topsyturvy omnia erant srsum deorsum track down s.th. aliquid indagre trick: is this a trick? num hoc est capti? tricks: to be up to some tricks lascvus |a |um esse trouble: Im expecting some big trouble nesci quod magnum malum exspect trouble: if it is no trouble s grave nn erit trouble: more trouble amplius negt trouble: to be in trouble labrre trouble: to make big trouble for s.o. dare magnum malum alicui trouble: whats the trouble? quid illuc mal est? or quid est negt? true: thats true rs ita est or ita profect est truth: to tell you the truth ut vrum loquar or n quid mentiar try ones best to (not to) operam d dare ded ut (n) (+ subj) turkey: to talk turkey with latn loquor | loctus sum cum (+ abl) turn out fine bell cad |ere cecid csrus turn up: something will turn up, I hope fet aliquid, spr uh-uh (seeing s.o. unexpectedly) attat understand: do you understand now? iam tens? understand: I dont quite understand nn satis intelleg

Chapter XI: Useful Colloquial Expressions way: he must always have his own way semper faciendum est quod vult way: Im in a bad way mihi male est way: if its not too much out of the way for you s tibi nn sn dvium erit way: is that the way you help me? istcine pact m adiuvs? way: on ones way inter vis way: to be on the way to iter habre ad (+ acc) well done! factum optim! well said! fact dictum! well imm or em or qun well, well enim vr what (is the trouble) now? quid iam? what about me? quid ego? what about the dough (money)? quid d argent? what do you take me for? for a fool? pr qu m habs? pr stult? what else can I do for you? quid est quod tibi efficere possum amplius? what for? quam ob rem?; qu caus? what is it? (whats the probem?) quid est negt? what is it? out with it! quid est? cedo! what next? quid deinde? whats it to me how you quid istuc ad m attinet, qumodo t (+ subj) whats that? (what did you say?) quid est? whats that to you? quid ad t attinet? whats the reason why quid est quod (+ indic) whats up? quid re est?

111

while away the time fall |ere fefell tempus who are you? quis t hom es? who is he (she)? quis hom est? who is it? its me quis hom est? ego sum who says so? quis hoc dcit factum? whole: taken as a whole in summam why is it that quid est quod (+ indic) why not? (challenging what has been said) quid ita nn?; (as an expression of assent: of course) quippin? or quidn? why say more? quid plra? why so? quid ita? or qupropter? why so? because quid ita? quia why, this very day qun hodi willy-nilly nlens volns wise guy! impudns! wise guy: dont be a wise guy n ss impudns wonder: and no wonder nec mrum wonder: I wonder whats up mror, quid hoc sit negt wonder: I wonder where he is ubi sit cgit word: I want a word with you paucs t vol or vol t verbs pauculs word: to give (break, keep) ones word fidem dare (frangere, servre) word: why should I take your word for it? cr tibi crdam? words fail me mihi verba dsunt worry: dont you worry! t nl sollicitr!

112

Conversational Latin worthwhile: it is worthwhile operae pretium est wow! (in shocked surprise) papae! wrong: if I have done anything wrong, Im sorry s quid perperam fc, m paenitet wrong: whats wrong with you? quid est tibi? or quid est tcum? yes: I say yes you say no ego ai t negs

worse: to get worse ingravsc |ere; to turn out for the worse in pirem partem vertor vert versus sum worth: hes worth a lot of money dvitis maxims habet worth: hes worth nothing nihil est worth: it isnt worth it nn est operae pretium its not worth all that tant nn est

Chapter XII: Clothing and Jewelry

CONVERSATIONS ___________________________________
LEVEL I Vestiria Prscilla Vestiria Prscilla Vestiria Prscilla Vestiria Prscilla Vestiria Prscilla Vestiria Prscilla

Priscilla buys clothes.

Saleslady: Hello. How can I help you? Priscilla: Hello. I want to buy a dress. What color do you want? I want a blue dress. Do you want anything else? Yes, I want a pair of shoes. Do you want to buy sandals? No. I want white shoes. We have nice silk dresses today. No, thank you. How much do these (items) cost? Ten dollars in all. Here are your ten dollars.

Salv. Qumodo tibi ministrre possum? Salv. Ego stolam emere vol. Quem colrem cupis? Stolam caeruleam cupi. Cupisne quicquam aliud? Ita, pr soccrum cupi. Cupisne emere sandalia? Minim. Soccs albs cupi. Habmus hodi vests srics bells. Benign. Quant haec cnstant? Decem dollars ex tt. Ecce tibi decem dollars. LEVEL II

Peter buys some winter clothes.

Salesman: Hello. How can I help you? Peter: Hello. Id like to buy myself some winter clothes. Well, we have leather raincoats from Spain. Fine. I want a raincoat. Do you sell gloves? 113

Vestirius Petrus Vestirius Petrus

Salv. Qumodo tibi ministrre possum? Salv. Velim emere mihi aliquot vestmenta hberna. Em, habmus paenuls scortes ex Hispni. Bene. Cupi paenulam. Vnditsne digitlia?

114 Vestirius Petrus

Conversational Latin Habe digitlia scortea et lnta. D mihi duo paria digitlium lntrum. Ege etiam pille lnt. Vsne emere tbilia lnta? Sn, ege dubus paribus. Vsne quicquam aliud? I have leather and woolen gloves. Give me two pairs of woolen gloves. I also need a woolen cap. Do you want to buy (some) woolen stockings? Yes, I need two pairs. Do you want anything else?

Vestirius Petrus Vestirius Petrus Vestirius

Cingulum scorteum, s praest est. A leather belt if its available. Cingula semper in hc tabern vestiri praest sunt. Quot cingula cupis? num, opnor, satis est. Quamobrem egs hs vestments hberns? Quia ego iter factrus sum trns Alps in Germniam. LEVEL III Belts are always available in this clothing store. How many belts do you want? I suppose one is enough. Why do you need these winter clothes? Because Im going to take a trip across the Alps to Germany.

Petrus Vestirius Petrus

Two daughters get dressed for a party.

Mother: Leda and Vanessa, are you ready for the party that Maria is throwing? Leda: Mother, I have absolutely nothing to wear. Nonsense! In fact, you have very pretty party clothes. You have, you know, a pink dress, a violet dress, and a blue dress. Thats true. But I took all of them to the laundry three days ago.

Mter

Lda et Vanessa, vsne partae estis ad convvium quod Mara agitat? Mter, ego habe nihil prrsus quod geram. Ngs! Habs vr cntria bellissima. Habs enim tlrem vestem roseam et tlrem vestem violceam et tlrem vestem caeruleam. Ita rs est. At ego es omns abhinc trs dis ad fullnicam attul.

Lda Mter

Lda

Chapter XII: Clothing and Jewelry Mter Vanessa, t utique sat superque vests habs. Quoad ego sci, t habs pulchrs tunics manicts et tunics sine manics. D Ldae nam ex tus tunics. Mter, Lda semper vests mes mtutur. Praetere, mea tunica coccinea et tunica viridis sunt veters et trtae. Lda! Quid est? Cr ut abes curricul ad fullnicam et pets vests tus. E operam dab extempl, mter. Et t, Vanessa Quid? S vs re exrnta ad convvium, tibi licet gers mes inaurs et monle gemmtum. Grtis, mter. Lda, tibi licet gers meam armillam et monle bacctum. Papae! Qule convvium id erit!

115

Vanessa, you at least have more than enough clothes. As far as I know, you have beautiful longsleeved and sleeveless dresses. Give Leda one of your dresses Mother, Leda is always borrowing my clothes. Besides, my deep red dress and my green dress are old and worn out. Leda! What is it? See to it that you take off on the double for the laundry and fetch your clothes. Ill attend to that immediately, mother. And you, Vanessa What? If you want to go to the party all decked out, you may wear my earrings and my necklace of precious stones. Thank you, mother. Leda, you may wear my bracelet and my pearl necklace. Great! What a party that will be!

Vanessa

Mter Lda Mter

Lda Mter Vanessa Mter

Vanessa Mter Lda

116

Conversational Latin

TOPICAL VOCABULARY______________________________
ankle-length tlris |is |e apron subligar |ris n belt cingulum | n; zna |ae f (wide belt, usu. of cloth, used by men and women with a tunic; often used as money belt) blouse plsia |ae f boot pr |nis m (of rawhide, reaching up to the calf, worn by peasants, shepherds, soldiers); caliga |ae f (worn by soldiers of lower rank) bra strophium | n, mamillre |is n bracelet armilla |ae f (worn on the upper arm) brocade sricum | n aur (or argent) intextum (or intertextum) bundle up (against the cold) s bene operi |re |u button s globulus | m button tr globuls string |ere strnx strictus cap pilleus | m cape lacerna |ae f chain catella |ae f change mtre charm amultum | n clasp fbula |ae f cloak pallium | n (Greek item) clogs soleae |rum fpl ligneae cloth (as a fabric) textum | n; (a piece of cloth) pannus | m clothe vesti |re |v or |i tus clothes vestmenta |rum npl; habitus |s m (outfit of a particular class or occasion) clothier (sales person in a clothing store) vestirius | m, vestiria |ae f clothing store taberna |ae f vestiria clothing vestis |is f, vesttus |s m, vestmentum | n coat paenula |ae f, amiculum | n collar collre |is n deep red coccineus |a |um dinner clothes cntria |rum npl, synthesis |is f dress s vestis |is f muliebris; (anklelength) vestis tlris; (Roman) stola |ae f dress tr indu induere indu indtus, vesti |re |v or |i |tus; amici |re amicu or amix amictus; to dress oneself, get dressed s induere, s vestre, s amicre; to dress up s exrnre dress shoes socc |rum mpl, soccul |rum mpl (for women, of different colors and often decorated with gems) earrings inaurs |ium fpl embroidered (with colors) pictus |a |um emerald smaragdus | m evening wear cntria |rum npl fabric (pattern of weaving) textus |s m (coarse crassus; sheer, thin tenuis; thick pinguis) fashion cults modus | m fringe fimbria |ae f fur coat amiculum | n pellicium fur jacket iacca |ae f pellicia garter periscelis, periscelidis f girdle stropp |rum mpl gloves digitlia |ium npl gown tlris vestis |is f; (Roman) stola |ae f

Chapter XII: Clothing and Jewelry green viridis |is |e handbag (of leather) prula |ae f coricea hat petasus | m (with broad brim) hem limbus | m housecoat vestis |is f mttna jacket iacca |ae f; (of leather) iacca |ae f scortea; fur jacket iacca pellicea jeans brcae |rum fpl Genunss jewel gemma |ae f laundry fullnica |ae f; (dirty clothes) lavandria |rum npl leather adj ex cori; (for weatherproofing) scorteus |a |um leather s corium | n leather raincoat scortea paenula |ae f (waterproof) linen adj lneus |a |um linen s linteum | n, lnum | n linen cloth sabanum | n locket (worn by boys, of leather, silver or gold) bulla |ae f; wearing a locket bulltus |a |um long-sleeved manictus |a |um miniskirt castula |ae f brevissima money belt ventrle |is n, (of cloth) zna |ae f necklace torqus |is m, monle |is n; (of precious stones) monle gemmtum necktie focle |is n nightgown camsia |ae f nocturna outfit habitus |s m, synthesis |is f overcoat superindmentum | n pajamas synthesis |is f dormtria palla (female toga, worn over the stola) palla |ae f

117

pallium (Greek toga, made of wool) pallium | n; wearing a pallium pallitus |a |um pants brcae |rum fpl pattern (of weaving) textus |s m pearl earrings margartae |rum fpl dpendents pearl necklace monle |is n bacctum pink roseus |a |um pleated undultus |a |um pocket loculus | m print vestis |is f imginibus impressa purse prula |ae f put on indu induere indu indtus raincoat scortea |ae f; (hooded) paenula |ae f; (open mantle, fastened at shoulder) lacerna |ae f ribbon taenia |ae f ring nulus | m robe vestis |is f safety pin fbula |ae f saleslady (in a clothing store) vestiria |ae f sandal (w. covered toes) sandalium | n; (simplest form of sandal, with the sole fastened to feet with thongs) solea |ae f; (with thick leather sole, tied with straps, characteristically worn by Greeks) crepida |ae f sash zna |ae f scarf amictrium | n sheer (fabrics) rallus |a |um shirt indsium | n shoe (worn with toga) calceus | m; (oxfords) calce subtlrs; (fancy low shoe, of different colors, gold, yellow, decorated with pearls, etc.) soccus | m, socculus | m; (red shoes of senator) calceus mulleus m shoelace corrigia |ae f

118

Conversational Latin take off (clothes) exu exuere exu extus; (clothes, shoes, ring) dtrah dtrahere dtrx dtractus toga toga |ae f; (bright-white toga, worn by candidates) toga candida; (worn by men and boys after the age of about fifteen) toga virlis or pra; (toga with purple border, worn by curule magistrates, by boys up to the age of manhood, and by girls until marriage) toga praetexta; (toga embroidered with silver stars) toga picta; (toga of smooth cloth) toga rsa topcoat superindmentum | n trousers brcae |rum fpl try on (clothes) induend probre undershirt (worn by both sexes) subcula |ae f undress exu exuere exu extus; to get undressed s exuere uniform habitus |s m; in uniform subrntus |a |um veil vlum | n wear ger |ere gess gestus, gest |re |v |tus; wearing a belt zn incnctus womens winter shoes calcetus |s m fminrum hbernus wool lna |ae f woolen lntus |a |um, lnius |a |um wrap amictus |s m wrist watch hrologium | bracchile zipper clausra |ae f tractilis

shorts subligculum | n; (street wear) brevirs brcae |rum fpl ski boot caliga |ae f narttria ski jacket iacca |ae f narttria silk adj sricus |a |um; silk clothes srica |rum npl silk s sricum | n skirt castula |ae f skirt indcula |ae f; gunna |ae f sleeve manica |ae f sleeveless sine manics slip hypoznium | n slipper solea |ae f, soccus | m; (of felt) d |nis m sneakers calce |rum mpl gymnic sole (of shoe or foot) solum | n stocking tbile |is n; (of felt and covering part of the legs) implium | n strap (for shoe or sandal, sometimes decorated with gems) obstrgulum | n street clothes fornsia |ium npl style modus | m; to go out of style ex(s)olsc |ere ex(s)olu ex(s)oltus suit synthesis |is f sweater thrx |cis m lnius swimsuit vestis |is f balneris swim trunks subligar |ris n balnere

Chapter XIII: House and Furniture

CONVERSATIONS ___________________________________
LEVEL I Cynthia Glria Cynthia Glria Cynthia Glria Cynthia

Cynthia tries to persuade her friend Gloria to come to her house to play.
Cynthia: Gloria, can you come to my house? Gloria: What can we do there? We can read books in my bedroom. No, thank you. I have many books at home. Maybe we can bake cookies in our kitchen. No, thank you. I often bake cookies in my kitchen.

Glria, potesne venre domum meam? Quid poterimus facere ibi? Poterimus librs legere in cubicul me. Benign. Ego mults librs dom habe. Fortasse poterimus coquere crstula in culn nostr. Benign. Ego saepe coqu crstula in culn me.

Glria

Recns ego comparv novum Recently I got a new puppy. Do catulum. Vsne ldere cum me you want to play with my new nov catul in peristyli nostr? puppy in our courtyard? O, ego prrsus adr catuls! Oh, I absolutely adore puppies! Emus illc curricul! Lets go there on the double!

LEVEL II mptor

A potential buyer wants to purchase a home through a real estate agent.

Buyer: Please, show me the interior of this home. Real Estate Dealer: Gladly. It is really an elegant home. There are pictures on every wall. How many bedrooms are there in this house? Four bedrooms in all. 119

Mnstr mihi, quaes, partem interirem huius doms.

Praeditor Libenter. Est vr domus legns. Sunt pictrae in quque pariete. mptor Quot cubicula sunt in hc dom?

Praeditor Omnn quattuor cubicula.

120 mptor

Conversational Latin Quid est in quque cubicul? What is in each bedroom? Each bedroom has two beds and two chairs and a clothes closet. Does this house have a study?

Praeditor Bn lct et bnae cathedrae et vestirium. mptor Estne tablnum huic domu?

Praeditor Etiam. Est profect magna mnsa Yes. There is, in fact, a large oak scrptria rborea ibi; atque desk there; and there are sunt plte circ pariets omns. bookshelves around all the walls. mptor Habetne domus amplam culnam? Does the house have a spacious kitchen? Yes; there is a big stove in the kitchen as well as a sink. Where is the dining room? The dining room is located between the kitchen and the bathroom. Near the bathroom is a toilet. There is a large bathtub in the bathroom. How much does this house cost? It costs $100,000. Perhaps you can show me some smaller home? I can, but not in this section of the city.

Praeditor Ita; est magnus camnus in culn atque fsrium. mptor Ubi est trclnium?

Praeditor Trclnium situm est inter culnam et balneum. Prope balneum est ltrna. In balne est solium magnum. mptor Quant cnstat haec domus?

Praeditor Cnstat centum mlibus dollarrum. mptor Fortasse potes mihi mnstrre domum minrem?

Praeditor Possum, sed nn in hc regine urbis.

LEVEL III Silvia

Sabina tries to impress her friend Silvia with the big home her parents own.
Silvia: Sabina, do you live in a house or in an apartment building? Sabina: I live in a house. In fact, I have a large home.

Sabna, habitsne in aedibus an in nsul? In aedibus habit. Magnam vr domum habe.

Sabna

Chapter XIII: House and Furniture Silvia Sabna Itane? Quot conclvia domus habet?

121

Is that so? How many rooms does your home have?

trium, tablnum, trclnium, An atrium, study, dining room, culnam, balneum, sex cubicula, kitchen, bathroom, six peristlium cum bell hort. bedrooms, and a courtyard with a nice garden. Suntne cubicula omnia in pedeplns? Quattuor cubicula in pedeplns sunt; ctera in tabult secund sunt. Serv et ancillae in tabult secund dormiunt. Squidem martus tuus cnsul est, conveniuntne mult clients dom tuae ad officium? Ita, nam sc est ms. Bene mne clients frequentant nn slum vstibulum sed etiam trium. Deinde clients martum meum in forum ddcunt. Mansne in tri inter officium? Minim vr, e tempore ego satag in culn aut in peristli. Quid facis in peristli? Ego cr ross et alis plants in hort. Quid facis in culn? Cnam coqu, quia martus meus saepe vocat clients ad cnam. Ego ipsa cibum adpn in trclni. Sit ds gratia, ego in vllul rr habit! Vta est tam simplex ibi! Are all the bedrooms on the ground floor? There are four bedrooms on the ground floor; the rest are on the second floor. The servants and maids sleep on the second floor. Since your husband is a consul, do many clients gather at your home for the courtesy call? Yes, for that is the custom. Early in the morning the clients pack not only the vestibule but also the atrium. Then they accompany my husband to the forum. Do you stay in the atrium during the courtesy call? Not at all. At that time I am busy in the kitchen or in the courtyard. What do you do in the courtyard? I look after the roses and the other plants in the garden. What do you do in the kitchen? I cook dinner, since my husband often invites clients to dinner. I myself serve the food in the dining room. Thank heaven I live in a little farmhouse in the country! Life is so simple there!

Silvia Sabna

Silvia

Sabna

Silvia Sabna

Silvia Sabna Silvia Sabna

Silvia

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Conversational Latin

TOPICAL VOCABULARY______________________________
See also the General Vocabulary for additional items. air conditioner nstrmentum | n r temperand alarm suscitbulum | n; the alarm went off suscitbulum sonuit; to set the alarm for (seven oclock) obicem nfg |ere nfx nfxus ad (septimam hram) alarm clock hrologium | n suscittrium apartment diaeta |ae f; furnished apartment diaeta omn supellectile nstructa apartment building nsula |ae f armchair sella |ae f bracchita atrium trium | n attic subtgulneum | n back door postcum | n balcony maeninum | n banister adminiculum | n barrel dolium | n, cupa |ae f; (wooden barrel) ligneum vs, vsis n basement hypogum | n, cellrium | n subterrneum bathroom balneum | n bath towel gausapina |ae f bathtub solium | n, lbrum | n bay window priectra |ae f bed lectus | m; (small) lectulus | m; to go to bed cubitum re; to make the bed lectum stern |ere strv strtus bed covers strgula |rum npl bedding strgula |rum npl bed frame sponda |ae f bedroom dormtrium cubiculum | n bedspread opertrium | n, peristrma |atis n bench scabellum | n blanket ldx |cis f blinds see Venetian blinds bolt (on door) pessulus | m; to bolt the door stium obserre bookcase bibliothca |ae f pariet nserta bookshelf pluteus | m bowl catnus | m broom scpae |rum fpl bucket situla |ae f carpet taptum | n casette casta |ae f; (for video) casta magntoscopica casette recorder castophnum | n ceiling tctum | n; (arched or vaulted) camera |ae f; (paneled) lacnar |ris n cellar cellrium | n (subterraneum) central heating calefacti |nis f centrlis chair (normally without back or armrests) sella |ae f; (w. rounded back) arcisellium | n; back of the chair arcus |s m sellae chandelier lampadum corymbus | m chimney fmrium | n China fictilia Sinnsium vsa |rum npl clock hrologium | n; the clock keeps good time hrologium rct metitur; to look at the clock hrologium nspici |ere nspex; to set the clock hrologium temperre; to wind the clock hrologium intend |dere |d intnsus closet armrium | n pariet nsertum

Chapter XIII: House and Furniture clothes closet vestirium | n pariet nsertum clothes hook uncus | m vestirius clothes rack, coat rack sustentcullum | n vstium couch torus | m tment fartus courtyard peristylium | n cup pculum | n, pcillum | n curtains aulaea |rum npl, cortnae |rum fpl desk mnsa |ae f scrptria dining couch lectus | m dining room trclnium | n; (informal) cnti |nis f dish catillus | m; (open and flat) patina |ae f; (large) lnx |cis f; dishes (including pots and pans) vsa |rum npl dishwasher mchina |ae f ltria door inua |ae f, stium | n; folding doors valvae |rum fpl doorknob inuae manbrium | n doorstep lmen |inis n doorway stium | n double home domus |s f durum familirum downstairs: he is downstairs in m tabult est; to go downstairs scls dscend |ere | drawer loculus | m dressing table mnsa |ae f cmtria dryer (for hair; for clothes) nstrmentum | n sicctrium (capillrum; vestium) easy chair arcisellium | n tment fartum electrical appliance lectricum nstrmentum | n [nstrmentum can be used for a single appliance or collectively for all the appliances]

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electrical outlet capsula |ae f contcts lectric electric fan mchina |ae f ventigena electric shaver rsrium | n lectricum faucet epitonium | n; to turn on (off) the faucet epitonium versre (reversre) fireplace focus | m floor (paved) pavmentum | n, solum | n; ground floor pedeplna |rum npl; marble floor pavmentum (or solum) marmreum; mosaic floor pavmentum (or solum) tesseltum; wooden floor tabultum | n fluorescent light tubulus | m lcifluus food processor mchina |ae f coqunria freezer capsa |ae f frgorifica front door antcum | n front hall vstibulum | n, faucs |ium fpl furnish a home domum supellectile nstru |ere nstrux nstructus furnish an apartment diaetam supellectile nstruere furniture suppellex |ectilis f; piece of furniture supellectilis pars |tis f garden hortus | m; vegetable garden hortus (h)olitrius ground floor pedeplna |rum npl guest room hospitium | n hall (large room) oecus | m hallway andrn |nis m home domus |s f home appliance nstrmentum | n domesticum lectricum; home appliances lectrica doms tnsilia |ium npl hopper lbellum | n intimum, sella |ae f familirica

124

Conversational Latin radiator calris raditrum |tr n radio radiophnum | n; to turn on (turn off) the radio radiophnum excitre or accend |ere | (expedi |re |i |tus); to turn down (turn up) the radio vim radiophn remitt |ere rems (amplificre) radio broadcast missi |nis f radiophnica rain basin (in the atrium) impluvium | n reading lamp lampas, lampadis f lctria receiver (of telephone) auscultbulum | n record player discophnum | n refrigerator frgidrium | n roof tile tgula |ae f roof tctum | n room cubiculum | n, conclve |is n; (small room) cella |ae f room with bath (shower) cubiculum | n balne (balne pluvi) nstructum row home aeds |ium fpl serils rug tapte |is n salt shaker salnum | n saucer patera |ae f section (of a city) regi |nis f sew su |ere | stus sewing machine mchina |ae f stria sheet strgulum | n linteum shower balneolum | n pluvium; to take a shower balneol pluvi tor t sus sum shower curtain aulaeum | n balneol pluvi shower door fors |um fpl balneol pluvi shrine sacrrium | n shutter foricula |ae f

house domus |s f, aeds |ium fpl kitchen culna |ae f kitchen knife culter |r m coqunris kitchen utensils nstrmenta |rum npl coquintria ladle trlla |ae f lamp lucerna |ae f landing (on stairs) sclrium | n laundry lvtrium | n light lmen |inis (lectricum) n; to turn on (off) the light lmen accend |ere | accnsus (expedi |re |v or |i |tus) light bulb globulus |i m lectricus linen closet armrium | n linterium (pariet nsertum) living room sessrium | n, synoecium | n mattress culcita |ae f; air mattress culcita nfltilis microwave oven furnus | m undrum brevium night table mnsula |ae f cubiculris oven furnus | m pantry cella |ae f pnria peristyle peristylium | n pillow cervcal |lis n pillow case cervclis tegimen |inis n pipe fistula |ae f aquria pitcher urceus | m plate patina |ae f plug spina |ae f contcts lectric plug in adnect |ere adnexu adnexus porch pergula |ae f portico porticus |s f pot (ceramic) olla |ae f; (of metal) a(h)num | n; pots and pans vsa |rum npl coqunria

Chapter XIII: House and Furniture silverware argentea |rum npl escria sink (in a bathroom) lbellum | n; (in a kitchen) fusrium | n sitting room exedra |ae f, sessrium | n skylight compluvium | n sofa torus | m tment fartus stairs sclae |rum fpl steps grads |uum mpl stereo stereophnum | n stool scabellum | n; (for sitting or mounting) scamnum | n storeroom cella |ae f story tabultum | n stove foculus | m; electric (gas) stove foculus lectricus (gaseus) study (room) studiolum | n; (in a Roman home) tablnum | n sugar bowl vsculum | n sacchar suite (of rooms) diaeta |ae f table mnsa |ae f; to set the table mnsam pn |ere posu positus tablecloth mantle |is n tableware nstrmenta |rum npl escria tape recorder magntophnum | n, castophnum | n telephone tlephnum | n (see Chapter IV on Daily Activities) television (set) tlevsrium | n (see Chapter V on Sports and Other Leisure Activities) television screen quadrum | n tlevsificum toaster tostrum | n toilet ltrna |ae f; (public) forica |ae f toilet bowl lbellum | n intimum, lasanum | n towel gausapina |ae f; bath towel gausapina balneria; hand towel manutergium | n tray ferculum | n TV room conclve |is n televsri nstructum upstairs: the upstairs domus |s f superior; to go upstairs scls ascend |ere | upstairs bedroom cubiculum | n superius

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vacuum cleaner pulveris haurtrium | n VCR videoexceptrium | n vegetable garden hortus | m holitrius Venetian blinds trnsenna |ae f volbilis; to close (open, let down, raise) the blinds trnsennam claud |dere |s |sus (aperi |re |u, dmitt |ere dms dmissus, subvolv |ere |) [NOTE 1. The most common Latin word for room is cubiculum, or, for a smaller room, cella. Cubiculum very frequently means bedroom. To avoid ambiguity where the context did not make it clear, the Romans used dormtrium cubiculum or simply dormtrium to designate a bedroom.
NOTE

2. Inua and stium both mean door and are often used interchangeably, but stium also means doorway. A inua often had two panels, called fors or valvae.

NOTE

3. The common Latin word for house is aeds |ium fpl; domus is normally used to designate an upscale home. The declension of

126

Conversational Latin Prepositions are used with domum when modified by an adjective, e.g., domum meam or in domum meam. The preposition apud (w. acc of the pronoun) is often used in place of the locative, e.g., apud m at my home, apud eum at his house; ad m to my house is used at times in place of domum as the accusative. The locative dom at home takes the possessive pronominal adjective in the genitive, e.g., dom suae at his own home, meae dom at my home.]

domus is partly of the fourth and partly of the second declension. In the following paradigm, the more common form is given first:
SINGULAR NOM GEN DAT ACC ABL LOC PLURAL

domus doms

doms domrum (domuum)

dom domibus (domu) domum doms (doms) dom dom domibus

Chapter XIV: Buying and Selling

CONVERSATIONS ___________________________________
LEVEL I Dina Ldia Dina Ldia Dina Ldia Dina Ldia Dina

Lydia explains to Diane why she bought new clothes.

Diane: Lydia, where on earth did you buy that pretty dress? Lydia: In the clothing store on Broad Street. How much did it cost? It was very expensive. It cost thirty dollars. And you have new dress shoes. Yes. Also earrings and a gold necklace. Tell me, why did you buy these new clothes? Because my new boyfriend invited me to the school dance. I, too, will attend the dance. And so Ill need a new dress. Ill see you at the dance, I hope. Bye! Bye! Im taking off on the double for Broad Street.

Ldia, ub terrrum illam stolam bellam mist? In tabern vestiri in Vi Lt. Quant cnstbat? Percra erat. Trgint dollars cnstbat. Et habs novs soccs. Ita. Etiam inaurs et monle aureum. Dc mihi, cr haec vestmenta nova mist? Quia meus amns novus m ad salttinem scholrem invtvit. Ego quoque salttin interer. Itaque dsderb novam stolam. Vidb t apud salttinem, ut spr. Bene val! Bene val! Abe curricul ad Viam Ltam.

Ldia Dina

127

128 LEVEL II Aulus Sulpicia Aulus Sulpicia Aulus Sulpicia Aulus Sulpicia Aulus Sulpicia

Conversational Latin

Sulpicia explains why she is going shopping.

Aulus: Where are you off to, Sulpicia? Sulpicia: To the market in the Subura. Youre going shopping again? Why not? I like to shop. What do you want to buy? Many things, if the price of food at the market is not too high. And if the price of food is not high? Ill shop for fruit, vegetables, cheese, beef, and pastries. Why the devil are you going to buy so many items? Because tomorrow is my boyfriends birthday. Im going to throw him a party. Will you also buy a new gown for the party? Certainly. But not in the market. The clothing store, however, is not far from there. Well, I, too, am going to buy a new toga, if you invite me. Of course Ill invite you. So long till tomorrow.

Qu hinc abs, Sulpicia? Ad macellum in Subram. Obsntra es iterum? Quidn? Placet mihi obsnre. Quid cupis emere? Multa, s annna in macell nn nimia est. Et s annna nn cra est? Obsnb pma, holera, cseum, bbulam, cuppdia. Cr, malum, tot mercs obsnbis? Quia crs est ntlis dis amantis me. Agitb convvium pr e. Emsne etiam novam stolam ad convvium? Cert. Sed nn in macell. Taberna vestiria autem nn procul illinc est. Qun, ego quoque novam togam emam, s t m invtbis. Invtb, profect, t. Val in crstinum.

Aulus Sulpicia

Aulus Sulpicia

LEVEL III mptor

A storekeeper makes a sale.

Storekeeper: How can I help you? Customer: Ive never been in the Subura before. The Subura seems to be full of fine shops.

Tabernrius Qumodo possum t iuvre? Numquam ante fu in Subra. Subra vidtur esse plna praestantium tabernrum.

Chapter XIV: Buying and Selling Tabernrius Ut vids, sunt quidem multae tabernae in hc loc: taberna vestiria, taberna chartria, taberna librria, medicmentria. Quid vs nspicere? mptor Estne quoque taberna ferrria? Et taberna vnria?

129

As you see, there indeed are many stores around here: a clothing store, a stationery store, a bookstore, a drugstore. What do you wish to look at? Is there also a hardware store? And a wine shop? Yes. Also a butcher shop and a pastry shop and a bakery. You can buy whatever you wish around here. Is the merchandise expensive in these shops? As elsewhere, some items are expensive, others are cheap. In this shop I sell statues from abroad. How much does this bust of Venus cost? Its very expensive. As you can see, it came all the way from Greece. It costs forty denarii. I cannot pay you the money in cash. Dont worry. Your credit is good. You can give me twenty denarii today as a down payment. Fine. Ill pay you the rest of the money on time. How may denarii can you pay me today? I have only twenty denarii with me. Thats fine with me. How will you pay the rest? If I may, Ill pay it off in two installments.

Tabernrius Sn; etiam lanina et cuppd et pstrna. Quidquid cupis, id in hc loc emere potes. mptor Suntne mercs in hs taberns crae?

Tabernrius Ut alib, aliae mercs sunt crae, aliae sunt vls. In hc tabern ego vndit status extrnsecs. mptor Quant cnstat haec img Veneris?

Tabernrius Est crissima. Ut vidre potes, sque Graeci vnit. Quadrgint dnris cnstat. mptor Nn possum dnumerre tibi argentum praesentrium.

Tabernrius Nl sollicitr. Bon fid es. Potes dare mihi hodi vgint dnris arrabn. mptor Bene. Ceters numms ad diem dictam solvam.

Tabernrius Quot dnris potes mihi solvere hodi? mptor Ego vgint slum dnris mcum habe.

Tabernrius Id mihi placet. Qumodo solvs quod reliquum est? mptor S licbit, dubus pnsinibus persolvam.

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Conversational Latin Fine! Believe me, you are buying this statue at a bargain. Do you like it? Heavens, yes. I really like it a lot. Thanks. And now, if you wish, you can go to see the other shops in the Subura. I will indeed. Goodbye!

Tabernrius Prob! Mihi crde, bene emis hanc imginem. Ecquid placet? mptor Imm edepol vr perplacet.

Tabernrius Grtis! Et nunc, ss, potes vsere alters taberns in Subr. mptor Vsam profect. Val!

TOPICAL VOCABULARY______________________________
advertise prscrb |ere prscrps prscrptus ask the price of an item mercis pretium inqur |ere inqusv inqustus bargain pretium | n specile be sold, be up for sale vne |re |i bookstore librria |ae f business district emporium | n butcher lanius | m butcher shop lanina |ae f buy parre; em |ere m mptus (from s.o. d aliqu); to buy at a bargain bene emere buyer mptor |ris m, mptrx |cis f cash argentum | n presentrium; to pay $10 in cash for dnumerre decem dollars praesentris pr (+ abl) cent centsima |ae f cheap vlis |is |e cheaply parv or vl preti; more cheaply minris preti check syngrapha |ae f; to write a check for syngrapham (+ gen) perscrb |ere perscrps perscrptus clerk tabernrius | m, tabernria |ae f clothing store taberna |ae f vestiria cost intr cnst |re |it; to cost a lot (little, nothing, more, less) mult (parv, grts, plris, minris) cnstre cost s impnsa |ae f credit (com) fids |e f; to buy on credit fid su emere; pecni haud praesentri emere; to have good credit bon fid esse customer mptor |ris m, mptrx |cis f deal mercimnium | n dealer mercns |antis mf, merctor |ris m, merctrx |cis f debt aes, aeris n alinum; this has put me in debt hoc mihi aes alinum attulit denarius dnrius | m (worth about one dollar) discount remissi |nis f; five- (tentwenty-) percent discount quinrum (dnrum, vicsimrum) centsimrum remissi dollar dollarus | m down payment arrab |nis f; to make a down payment of $20 (or to pay $20 down) vgint dollars arrabn dare drugstore medicmentria |ae f expensive crus |a |um; very expensive percrus flea market forum | n rrum vnlium

Chapter XIV: Buying and Selling go for: at what price do these items go for? quibus pretis hae mercs vneunt? groceries obsnia |rum npl grocery store macellum | n hardware store taberna |ae f ferrria how much did you sell it for? quant hoc vnit?; how much is this? quant hoc cnstat? installment pnsi |nis f; to pay in five installments qunque pnsinibus solv |ere | soltus item of merchandise merx, mercis f mall forum | n subtgulneum market merctus |s m, macellum | n marketable vndibilis |is |e marketplace merctus |s m, forum | n merchandise vnlicia |rum npl, mercs |ium fpl money pecnia |ae f, argentum | n, numm |rum mpl pastries cuppdia |rum npl pastry baker cuppdinrius | m (a |ae f) pastry shop cuppd |inis f pay solv |ere | soltus; to pay s.o. $20 for dnumerre alicu vgint dollars pr (+ abl); to pay off a debt debitum persolvere; to pay on time ad tempus or ad diem dictam solvere; to pay out (money) to dnumerre (numms) (+ dat) percent centsima |ae f pound lbra |ae f; per pound in lbrs price pretium | n; at a high (low, very low, exorbitant) price magn (parv, minim, nimi); higher price pretium amplius; to set a price pretium facere; the price for it is 10 denarii per pound pretium e in librs est decem dnris; the price of food annna |ae f

131

purchase s mptum | n purchase tr mercor |r |tus sum purchasing mpti |nis f receipt apocha |ae f run a business negtium exerce |re |u |itus; to run a shop tabernam exercre sale vnditi |nis f; for sale, on sale vnlicius |a |um, vnlis |is |e; to put up for sale vnum d dare dd datus sell vnd |ere vndid vnditus; (of a merchant) vnditre seller vnditor |ris m, vnditrx |cis f set a price pretium faci |ere fc factus or statu |ere | stattus shoe store taberna |ae f strna shop, store taberna |ae f shop intr (at a grocery store) obsnre; to shop for em emere m mptus; obsnre (groceries) shopkeeper tabernrius | m (a |ae f) shopping mpti |nis f; (for groceries) obsntus |s m; to go shopping mptum re; (for groceries) obsntum re shopper mptor |ris m; (for groceries) obsntor |ris m, obsntrx |cis f small change nummul |rum mpl stationery rs, rrum fpl chartriae stationery store taberna |ae f chartria store taberna |ae f supermarket supernstitrium |i n trade merctra |ae f valuable: to be valuable pretium habe |re |u |itus wares mercs |ium fpl wholesale magnrius |a |um wholesaler negtitor |ris m magnrius

Chapter XV: The Weather

CONVERSATIONS ___________________________________
LEVEL I

A boy and a girl in Rome contrast the weather of Rome with that of Switzerland.
Roman Boy: Its cold today. Swiss Girl: Cold? How can you say that? Because I feel cold. But the sun is shining and a gentle breeze is blowing. All in all, it is a nice warm day. You say that because the weather is always cold in Switzerland. You have nothing in the Alps but snow and ice. Thats not quite true. Granted, the winters are long in the Alps. But the weather there in summer is very nice. Here the winter is rainy and the days in summer are very hot. But here in Rome it neither hails nor snows. Come on, then, lets go play outside. Soon you will no longer be cold. Youre right. The weather is already clearing up.

Puer Rmnus Est frgidum hodi. Puella Helvtia Frgidumne? Qumodo id dcere potes? Puer Puella Quia ego alge. At sl lcet et ventulus mtis flat. Prrsus, est dis bellus et tepidus. Haec dcis, quia tempests in Helvti semper frgida est. Nihil habs in Alpibus praeter nivem et glaciem. Parum vrum est! Est; hiems in Alpibus sunt longae. Sed tempests ibi aestte est bellissima. Hc hiems est pluvia, et dis aestte sunt calidissim. Sed hc Rmae neque grandinat neque ningit. Agedum, emus fors lsum. Mox t nn iam algebis. Vra dcis. Iam dissernat.

Puer

Puella

Puer Puella

Puer

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Chapter XV: The Weather LEVEL II Magistra Martha Magistra Martha

133

Martha explains to her teacher how the weather kept her from going to school.
Teacher: Why didnt you come to school yesterday? Martha: Because of the storm. What happened? The early morning was fair all right, but suddenly the north wind began to blow hard. Rain began to fall. Were you still at home at that time? I was just leaving home. Soon it rained very hard. In fact, the rain came down in buckets. Were you afraid? Yes. The bolts of lightning and thunder frightened me. The winds knocked down trees across the streets. I could scarcely see where I was going. What did you do then? I decided on the spot to return home where my mother was waiting anxiously for me. You made a wise decision.

Cr nn in scholam her vnist? Propter procellam. Quid accidit? Mttnum quidem erat sernum, sed subit Aquil perflre incpit. Imber cadere incpit. Ersne adhc dom e tempore? Modo discdbam dom. Mox vehementissim pluit. Imber vr urcetim cadbat. Ersne formdolsa? Ita. Icts fulminis et tonitrus m terrbant. Vent arbors dicrunt trns vis. Vix poteram vidre qu rem. Quid deinceps fcist? Cnstitu lic domum redre, ubi mter m anxia exspectbat. Sapienter dcrvist.

Magistra Martha

Magistra Martha

Magistra Martha

Magistra

LEVEL III Caecilius Sonja

The weather of Rome and Switzerland is again debated.

Cecil: What kind of weather do you like best? Sonja: I like warm weather best. In the Alps the snow lasts through most of the year.

Qulis tempests tibi potissimum placet? Caelum tepidum mihi potissimum placet. In Alpibus nix per mirem partem ann perdrat.

134 Caecilius Sonja

Conversational Latin Quid ibi facis cum ningit? What do you do there when it snows?

Postquam nnxit, in nive ldimus. After it has snowed, we play in Interdum pils nivis inter ns the snow. Sometimes we throw conicimus. Interdum virum snowballs at one another. nivis facimus. Interdum d colle Sometimes we build a trahe lbimur. snowman. Sometimes we slide down the hill on a sled. Quam tibi invide! Ego numquam nivem vd. Mter tamen mihi d nive et grandine et glaci nrrbat. Numquam vdist stris d tcts dpendents? Ego tantummodo imginr possum stris d tcts dpendents et tcta domuum nive moll obducta. How I envy you! I have never seen snow. However, my Mother told me about snow and hail and ice. You never saw icicles hanging from a roof? I can only imagine icicles hanging from the roofs and the roofs of houses covered with soft snow.

Caecilius

Sonja Caecilius

Sonja

At cum Aquil perflat et ningit et But in the Alps, when the north grandinat in Alpibus, vta potest wind blows and it snows and esse dra in Helvti. Itaque hails, life can be tough in praefer tempesttem tepidam Switzerland. And so I prefer the Rmae. Ibi saltem numquam warm climate of Rome. At least algeam. there I would never feel cold. Mihi crde, vvere sub aestus cael null mod rosrium est! Habmus aestts aestuss. T saltem nn gelris. Potes ldere fors singuls dibus. At quis, malum, potest ldere in tam aestus tempestte? Sdmus et sdmus. Et muscae culicsque sunt molestissim. Pactinem facimus. T in Helvtiam migr et ego Rmam migrb. Itaque uterque nostrum contentus erit. Believe me, living in a sultry climate is by no means a bed of roses! We have sweltering summers. You at least do not freeze. You can play outdoors every day. But who the devil can play in such sweltering weather? We sweat and sweat. And the flies and mosquitoes are a big pain in the neck. Lets make a deal. You move to Switzerland, and Ill move to Rome. Then both of us will be satisfied.

Caecilius

Sonja Caecilius

Sonja

Chapter XV: The Weather

135

TOPICAL VOCABULARY______________________________
Note: Expressions such as it is hot, etc., can be expressed as calidum est (used impersonally, or with caelum = weather understood) or calida est (with tempests understood). bad (weather) adversus |a |um, gravis |is |e barometer barometrum | n blast fltus |s m blow flre; to blow hard perflre bolt of lightning ictus |s m fulminis breeze ventulus | m, aura |ae f bright sernus |a |um bucket: to come down in buckets rcetim cad |ere cecid csrus; to rain buckets rcetim pluere changing (weather) varius |a |um chilly frgidulus |a |um clear sernus |a |um, sdus |a |um clear up dissernre climate caelum | n cloud nbs |is f cloudless sdus |a |um cloudy nbilsus |a |um; to become cloudy nbilre cold s frgus |oris n, gel |s n; to catch a cold gravdinem contrah |trahere traxi tractus; to have a cold gravdine laborre cold adj (the most general word, applied to all degrees from pleasant coolness to severe cold) frgidus |a |um; gelidus |a |um; liable to get cold alsisus |a |um; to feel cold alge algre als; to get cold algsc |ere; to turn cold frgsc |ere frx cold spell frgora |um npl cold weather gelu |s n cover up (against the cold) operi |re |u |tus dark adj obscrus |a |um; as soon as it got dark prms tenebrs dark s: after dark d nocte; in the dark per obscrum; sine lmine darkness tenebrae |rum fpl; darkness had suddenly come tenebrae factae sunt repent degree gradus |s m dew rs, rris m drizzle s pluvia |ae f rra et minta drizzle intr lniter pluit pluere pluit drop (e.g., of rain) gutta |ae f east wind Eurus | m fair sernus |a |um fall s autumnus | m favorable (wind) secundus |a |um fine (weather) sernus |a |um; fine weather sernits |tis f flash of lightning fulgur |uris n fog nebula |ae f foggy nebulsus |a |um freeze tr gelre intr gelr freezing gelidus |a |um frost pruna |ae f frosty prunsus |a |um frozen rigns |entis gale procella |ae f glisten nite |re |u good (weather) sernus |a |um hail s grand |inis f hail impers v grandinat |re hailstorms grandins |um fpl

136

Conversational Latin scorching (heat, sun) flagrantissimus (sl, slis m,. aestus |s m) shifting (wind, weather) varius |a |um shine lce |re lx; to shine on illce |re illx (+ dat) shower imber |bris m sky caelum | n sleet imber |bris m grandine mxtus slippery lbricus |a |um sloppy (weather) spurcus |a |um snow nix, nivis f covered with snow niveus |a |um snow impers v ningit ningere nnxit snowball pila |ae f nivis snowdrift ninguis |is f snowfall nivis csus |s m snowstorm ningor |ris m snowy nivsus |a |um, nivlis |is |e south wind Auster |tr m spring vr, vris n storm tempests |tis f; procella |ae f; a storm arose tempests coorta est stormy procellsus |a |um, turbulentus |a |um summer aests |tis f sun sl, slis m; full sun plrimus sl sunny aprcus |a |um sunshine sl, slis m sultry aestusus |a |um sweltering aestusus |a |um temperature tempertra |ae f; the temperature fell below thirty-two degrees tempertra lpsa est subter dus et trgint grads; what is the temperature? qu grad stat tempertra? thermometer thermometrum | n thunder s tonitrus |s m

hot (of a person, sun, water, bath, day) calidus |a |um (opp: frgidus |a |um); it is hot calidum est; to become hot calsc |ere; to be hot cale |re |u; to be uncomfortably hot aesture hot weather aestus |s m hurricane tphn |nis m ice glacis | f; to turn to ice glacir icicle stria |ae f icy glacilis |is |e lightning s fulmen |inis n lightning: it is lightning fulget fulgre fulsit, fulgurat |re |vit lousy (weather) spurcus |a |um melt tr dissolv |vere |v |tus intr liqusc |ere mild mtis |is |e mist nebula |ae f misty nebulsus |a |um muggy aestusus |a |um nice bellus |a |um north wind Aquil |nis m open: in the open (air) sub dv overcast nbilsus |a |um, nbilus |a |um; to become overcast nbilre partly partim; it is partly cloudy (sunny) today (caelum) hodi est partim nbilsum (aprcum) rain impers v pluit pluere pluit; to rain hard vehementer (or multum) pluere rain s pluvia |ae f, imber |bris m; heavy, steady rain magn et adsidu imbrs; the rain is letting up imber dtmscit; it looks like rain vidtur quasi pluat rainbow arcus |s m caelestis, pluvius arcus rain cloud nimbus | m rainy pluvius |a |um

Chapter XV: The Weather thunder impers v tonat tonre tonuit thunderbolt fulmen |inis n tide aestus |s m; high tide aests accessus |s m; low tide aests recessus |s m tornado turb |inis m warm tepidus |a |um; it is getting warm tepscit weather (good or bad) tempests |tis f, caelum | n; depending on the weather ut dis sudet; kinds of weather tempestts; owing to changes in the weather propter cael varietts weather conditions tempestts |um fpl west wind Zephyrus | m

137

wind ventus | m; head wind ventus adversus; tail wind ventus secundus; the wind is dying down ventus dtumscit; the wind is picking up ventus increbrscit wind storm procella |ae f windy ventsus |a |um winter hiems |is f; at the end of winter hieme exeunte; because of the severity of the winter propter hiemis magnitdinem zero zerum | n

Chapter XVI: Animals

CONVERSATIONS ___________________________________
LEVEL I Barbara David Barbara David Barbara David Barbara David Barbara David

A visit to the zoo.

Barbara: Hello, David. Where are you coming from? David: I was just visiting the zoo. What wild animals did you see there? Panthers, lions, elephants, tigers, and zebras. The roars of the wild animals scared you, didnt they? Heavens, no! You see, all the wild animals are kept in cages. What animal did you like best? The monkeys. Why? They are so funny because they behave almost like human beings.

Salv, David. Unde vens? Modo vvrium vsbam. Qus fers ibi vdist? Panthrs et lens et elephants et tigrs et zebrs. Nnne fremits ferrum t terrurunt? Minim, hercle. Omns enim ferae in claustrs cohibentur. Quod animal t potissimum dlectvit? Smi. Quam ob rem? Tam iocs sunt, quod s gerunt paene quasi homins.

Barbara David Barbara David Barbara David

Vdistne etiam crocodls et Did you also see the crocodiles strthiocamls et rhnocerts? and ostriches and rhinoceroses? E quidem in vvri sunt, sed es nn vd. Itaque cr es nn vsist? tium mihi nn erat ad omns fers vsends. Vdistne dinosaurs? T sn iocris! 138 Theyre in the zoo all right, but I didnt see them. Then why didnt you go see them? I didnt have the time to visit all the wild animals. Did you see (any) dinosaurs? You must be kidding!

Chapter XVI: Animals LEVEL II Grtia Cci Grtia Cci Grtia

139

A visit to a pet shop.

Grace: Hello. Id like to buy a pet. Dealer: Great! I have every kind of pet for sale. So I see. Do you want to buy a puppy or a cat or a rabbit? No, I already have a puppy, cat, and rabbit. How much does that parrot cost? It costs 300 dollars. You see, it was shipped all the way from Africa. And how much do canaries cost? Only ten dollars. Wow, they are too expensive for me. Do you have goldfish for sale? Of course I have. My goldfish are inexpensive. They are one dollar apiece. And Ill give you some fish food gratis. Now youre talking turkey! Ill buy two. Here are the two dollars. Thank you. Goodbye.

Salv. Velim dlicis emere. Euge! Habe omnis generis dlicis vnls. Ita vide. Vsne emere catellum vel flem vel cunculum? Minim, iam mihi est catellus et flis et cunculus. Quant cnstat ille psittacus? Cnstat trecents dollars. sque enim ex fric dvectus est. Et quant cnstant fringillae Canriae? Tantummodo decem dollars. Vh, nimis crae mihi sunt. Habsne hippurs vnls? Sclicet habe. Me hippur sunt vls. Quisque cnstat n dollar. Et dnb tibi aliquid scae piscriae grts. Nunc Latn loqueris! Dus emam. Ecce dus dollars. Grtis tibi. Bene val.

Cci

Grtia Cci Grtia

Cci

Grtia

Cci

LEVEL III Marcus

Young Mark visits old Catos farm.

Marcus: Cato, why do you prefer to live in the country rather than in the city? Cato: Because life spent on the farm is far more pleasant than in the city.

Cat, quam ob rem mvs rr habitre quam in urbe? Quia vta in fund cta long icundior est quam in urbe.

Cat

140 Marcus Cat Quid ita?

Conversational Latin How so? One who makes his living on a farm, although he may never get rich, is nevertheless free. Please show me your livestock, if you have the time. Gladly. See the cows and sheep in the meadow and the horses in the pasture. Do you raise chickens and geese? Yes. I also raise pigs and goats. They are on the other side of the barn. Are there fish in that brook that flows through the meadow? To tell you the truth, that brook is teeming with fish. I can catch trout whenever I please. By the way, I happened to notice that your farm includes a forest. Do you ever go hunting there? Yes. I hunt rabbits, pheasants, and deer. Do you have a hunting hound? I do have a very keen-scented hound; I never go hunting without him. You are very fortunate, Cato. Someday I will get myself a farm. Good idea, young man!

Qu vctum in fund quaeritat, quamvs dves numquam fiat, lber tamen est. Ostende mihi pecus, quaes, s tium tibi est. Libenter. Ecce vaccs ovsque in prt ac equs in pscu. ducsne pulls gallnces et ansers? Ita. duc etiam porcs et caprs. E sunt ultr horreum. Exstantne piscs in ill rvul qu per prtum fluit? Ut vra dcam, piscsus est ille rvulus. Tructs captre que, quotiscumque libet. Obiter, forte notv fundum silvam continre. Illicne umquam vnris? Etiam. Vnor cunculs, phsins, cervs. Habsne canem vnticum? Habe quidem sagcissimum canem; sine e numquam vnor. Vald fortntus es, Cat. Aliquand ego fundum mihi parb. Probum cnsilium, adulscns!

Marcus Cat

Marcus Cat

Marcus Cat

Marcus

Cat Marcus Cat

Marcus

Cat

Chapter XVI: Animals

141

TOPICAL VOCABULARY______________________________
animal animal |lis n; wild animal fera |ae f ant formca |ae f ape smius | m, smia |ae f chatter strde |re |u bat vespertili |nis m bear ursus | m, ursa |ae f cub ursae catulus | m grunt intr grunni |re |v or |i |tum grunt s grunntus |s m beaver fiber |br m bedbug scinphis |is m bee apis |is f beehive alveus | m buzz bombilre hum murmurre sting tr c |ere c ictus sting s (on the bee) aculeus | m; (bite) ictus |s m swarm of bees apium exmen |inis n bird avis |is f beak rstrum | n cage cavea |ae f chirp ppre, ppilre egg vum | n feather penna |ae f flap the wings ls plaud |ere plaus plausum flight voltus |s m fly volre; to fly away volre land (on) nsd |ere nsd (+ dat) nest ndus | m; to build a nest ndificre sing can |ere cecin cantum song cantus |s m tail cauda |ae f wing la |ae f blackbird merula |ae f (see bird) boar aper |r m grunt grunni |re |v or |i |tum buffalo rus | m bug cmex |icis m bull taurus | m (see cattle) butterfly ppili |nis m cage claustra |rum npl, cavea |ae f calf vitulus | m, vitula |ae f (see cattle) camel camlus | m hump gibber |eris m canary fringilla |ae f Canria (see bird) cat flis or fls |is f; catta |ae f, cattus | m meow fli |re purr intr murmurre purr s murmur |uris n caterpillar rca |ae f catfish silrus | m cattle bovs |um mpl (dat & abl pl: bbus or bbus) bellow (or low) mgi |re |v or |i |tum graze pscor | pstus sum head of cattle pecus |oris n chick pullus | m (see bird) peep ppilre chicken (gallnceus) pullus | m (see bird) chicken coop gallnrium | n cluck glci |re

142 egg vum | n

Conversational Latin donkey asinus | m heehaw intr rud |ere |v |tum heehaw s rudtus |s m dove palumbs |is f (see bird) coo gem |ere |u duck anas |atis f (see bird) quack tetrinni |re eagle aquila |ae f (see bird) screech strde |re |u eel angulla |ae f elephant elephantus | m trumpet barri |re trunk manus |s f falcon falc |nis m (see bird) screech strde |re |u farm animals pecus |oris n or pecora |um npl fish s piscis |is m fin pinna |ae f fish food sca |ae f piscria fish pond piscna |ae f gills branchiae |rum fpl scale s squma |ae f scale tr dsqumre scaly squmsus |a |um swim natre fish intr piscor piscr pisctus sum flea plex |icis m flounder passer |eris m (see fish) fly musca |ae f buzz bombilre flock (of birds, sheep, goats) grex, gregis m fox vulps |is f yelp ganni |re frog rna |ae f

eggshell (v) putmen |inis n egg white (v) album | n lay (eggs) pari |ere peper partus yolk vitellus | m cockroach blatta |ae f colt equolus | m (see horse) cow vacca |ae f milk s lac lactis n milk tr mulge |gre |s |ctum moo mgi |re |v or |i |tum udder ber |eris n crane grs, gruis mf (see bird) crunkle gru |ere cricket gryllus | m chirp fritinni |re crocodile crocodlus | m crow cornx |cis f (see bird) caw crcitre deer cervus | m, cerva |ae f bray rud |ere |v |tum dinosaur dinosaurus | m dog canis |is mf bark intr latrre; bark at allatrre bark s latrtus |s m collar collre |is n growl ringor | rictus sum leash cingulum | n leash a dog canem cingul alligre pet (stroke) permulce |re |s snarl ganni |re tail cauda |ae f; wag the tail caudam movre take for a walk dc |ere dx ductus dolphin delphnus | m

Chapter XVI: Animals croak coaxre game preserve throtrophum | n giraffe camlopardalis |is f gnat culex |icis m goat caper |r m, capra |ae f bleat blre goldfish hippurus | m (see fish) goose anser |eris m (see bird) cackle gingri |re grasshopper grillus | m chirp fritinni |re haddock gadus | m (see fish) hawk accipiter |tris m (see bird) caw plpire shriek clmre heifer iuvenca |ae f (see cattle) hen gallna |ae f cluck gloci |re herd armentum | n hippopotamus hippopotamus | m hog ss |is mf oink grunni |re hornet crbr |nis m (see bee) horse equus | m hoof ungula |ae f mane iba |ae f neigh intr hinni |re |i; neigh at adhinnre neigh(ing) hinntus |s m tail cauda |ae f horsefly tabnus | m buzz bombilre insect nsectum | n jellyfish pulm |nis m lamb agnus | m (a |ae f) bleat blre lark alauda |ae f (see bird) leopard pardus | m mew rictre lion le |nis m, leaena |ae f mane iba |ae f roar rgi |re livestock pecus |oris n lizard lacertus | m, lacerta |ae f lobster astacus | m locust locusta |ae f chirp strde |re |u louse pdiculus | m mackerel scomber |r m (see fish) mole talpa |ae f monkey smius | m, smia |ae f chatter strde |re |u moth blatta |ae f mouse ms |ris m squeak mintri |re mule mlus | m, mla |ae f bray rud |ere |v |tum

143

ostrich strthiocamlus | m (see bird) owl bb |nis m (see bird) hoot bbilre ox bs, bovis m (dat & abl pl: bbus or bbus) bellow bore oyster ostrea |ae f oyster bed ostrerium | n shell concha |ae f panther panthra |ae f parakeet melopsittacus | m parrot psittacus | m partridge perdx |cis mf (see bird) peacock pv |nis m, pva |ae f (see bird)

144

Conversational Latin sting tr c |ere c ictus sting s ictus |s m seahorse hippocampus | m seal vitulus | m marnus serpent serpns |entis m bite tr c |ere c ictus bite s ictus |s m crawl serp |ere |s hiss sbilre shark pistris |is m dorsal fin pinna |ae f dorslis sheep ovis |is f bleat blre shepherd pstor |ris m pen (for sheep) ovle |is n wool lna |ae f snake anguis |is mf (see serpent) snail cochlea |ae f sow ss |is f oink grunni |re sparrow passer |eris m (see bird) chirp ppre spider arneus | m cobweb arnea |ae f squirrel scirus | m stag cervus | m bray rud |ere |v |tum starling sturnus | m (see bird) chirp fritinni |re steer iuvencus | m stork cicnia |ae f (see bird) swallow hirund |inis f (see bird) swan cycnus | m (see bird) swordfish xiphis |ae m thrush turdus | m (see bird)

pelican onocrotalus | m (see bird) perch (fish) perca |ae f (see fish) pet dliciae |rum fpl pheasant phsina |ae f (see bird) pig porcus | m oink grunni |re pigsty sule |is n pigeon columba |ae f, columbus | m (see bird) coo gem |ere |u |itum pigeon coop columbrium | n pony mannus | m (see horse) porcupine hystrix |icis f poultry avs |ium fpl cohortls pup catulus | m whimper ganni |re puppy catellus | m quail coturnx |cis f (see bird) rabbit cunculus | m squeal vgi |re ram aris |etis m bleat blre rat ms |ris m squeak mintri |re raven corvus | m (see bird) croak crcitre reindeer tarandrus | m rhinoceros rhnocers |tis m robin rubecula |ae f (see bird) chirp ppre rooster gallus | m (see bird) crow ccri |re; can |ere cecin cantum salmon salm |nis m (see fish) sardine sardna |ae f (see fish) scorpion scorpi |nis m

Chapter XVI: Animals tiger tigris |is or |idis m growl frem |ere |u toad bf |nis m trout tructus | m, tructa |ae f (see fish) tuna thunnus | m (see fish) turkey gallopv |nis m turtle testd |inis f shell testd |inis f vulture vultur |uris m wasp vespa |ae f (see bee) weasel mustla |ae f whale balaena |ae f wolf lupus | m, lupa |ae f cub lupae catulus | m howl intr ululre howl s ulultus |s m whelp ganni |re woodpecker pcus | m (see bird) worm vermis |is m earth worm lumbrcus | m zoo vvrium | n

145

146

Conversational Latin

Chapter XVII: Emotions and Qualities

CONVERSATIONS ___________________________________
LEVEL I Dina:

Diane and Debbie discuss the new teacher.

Diane: Hello, Debbie. How is it going with you? I hear that you have a new teacher this year. Debbie: Hello, Diane. Im fine. You heard right. Is she a good teacher? She is strict but fair. She treats all alike. How long has she been teaching? I dont know. But shes a very experienced teacher. No one falls asleep in her class. How do your classmates get along with her? They love her because she is patient and cheerful. Obviously, the teacher herself sets a good example. Yes, a wonderful example.

Salv, Debra. Qu pact tcum agitur? Audi t novam magistram hc ann habre. Salv, Dina. Bene vale. Rct audvist. Estne bona magistra? Sevra est sed aequa; nam tractat ns omns edem mod. Quamdi iam docet? Nesci. Sed est pertissima magistra. Nm obdormscit in eius classe. Qumodo condiscipul tu cum e congruunt? Amant eam quniam patins hilaraque est. Manifest, magistra ipsa bonum exemplum praebet. Ita, exemplum admrbile. LEVEL II

Debra: Dina: Debra: Dina: Debra:

Dina: Debra: Dina: Debra:

A new girlfriend is the subject of discussion.

Valerie: Hello, Richard. How are you? Theres a rumor going around the whole neighborhood that you have found a new girlfriend. Richard: Hello. Im fine. The story is true; Ill not deny it.

Valria:

Salv, Ricarde. Ut vals? Rmor per ttam vcniam pervagtur t novam amculam repperisse.

Ricardus:

Salv. Bene vale. Fma est vra; eam nn nfitior. 146

Chapter XVII: Emotions and Qualities Valria: Ricardus: Valria: Ricardus: Quid nmen e est? Egone eam nv? Nmen e est Donna. Eam nn nvist. Qulis hom est illa? In prms est bella et venusta. Breviter, mrifica est. Nn, nn. Dcbam d eius indole. Iam tene. Donna est intellegns et hilara et hmna et tenera. Estne generis tacitrn? Est magis loqux et socibilis quam taciturna; hc d caus, apud familirs grtisissima est. Etiam corcillum habet, sed numquam id iactat. Donna mihi vidtur specisa puella. Spr t eam mihi aliquand trditrum esse. Quidn? What is her name? Do I know her?

147

Her name is Donna. You do not know her. What sort of person is she? First of all, she is pretty and attractive. In a word, she is fantastic. No, no. I was talking about her personality. Now I get it. Donna is intelligent, cheerful, kind, and gentle. Is she the silent type? She is talkative and sociable rather than quiet; for that reason she is very popular with her close acquaintances. She also has brains, but she doesnt brag about that. Donna seems to be a very interesting girl. I hope that you will introduce her to me sometime. Why not?

Valria: Ricardus: Valria: Ricardus:

Valria:

Ricardus:

LEVEL III Titus:

Sizing up a political candidate.

Titus: Marcia, what is your opinion of the candidate Bibulus, who is running for the consulship? Marcia: Do you mean the Bibulus who is Caesars opponent? He claims that he will be good for the country. Do you believe that he is honest and sincere? He certainly makes a lot of promises, but I wonder whether he will keep his word.

Marcia, quid opnris d Bibul candidt qu cnsultum petit?

Marcia:

Vsne illum Bibulum qu Caesaris compettor est? Praedicat s re pblicae prfutrum esse. Crdisne eum esse vrcem sincrumque? Multa quidem prmittit, sed mror num fidem servtrus sit.

Titus: Marcia:

148 Titus: Marcia:

Conversational Latin Mihi vidtur asttus, audx, ambitisus. D e r tcum funditus cnsenti. Porr audvistne eius recents ortins? Audv. Ut candidt solent, iste compettrs sus inpugnat et identidem praedicat es omns esse arrogants et dolss. Rrsus tcum omnn cnsenti. Cnsetne s slum esse locupltem et candidum et amantem patriae? He seems to me to be shrewd, bold, and ambitious. I fully agree with you on that point. Besides, have you heard his recent speeches? I have. As candidates usually do, he attacks his opponents and again and again claims that they are all arrogant and tricky. Again I fully agree with you. Does he think that he alone is trustworthy, candid, and patriotic?

Titus:

Marcia:

Titus:

Imm facile est alis candidts Well, its easy to criticize other reprehendere; sed quid iste candidates; but what does he habet quod d su ratine dcat? have to say about his own policy? D su ratine interrogtus, When asked about his own policy, ambiguus fit. Dcit quidquid in he becomes evasive. He says buccam vnerit. Quandcumque whatever comes into his head urgtur, fit indignbundus ac [lit: has come into his mouth]. dcx. Whenever he is hard pressed, he becomes indignant and sarcastic. Ut vra dcam, nesci cu candidt suffrgtrus sim. Ego ipsa exspectb diem comitilem antequam ego cnstituam. T nn culp. Ego idem faciam. To tell you the truth, I dont know for which candidate I am going to vote. I myself am going to wait till election day before I make up my mind. I dont blame you. Ill do the same.

Marcia:

Titus:

Marcia:

Titus:

Chapter XVII: Emotions and Qualities

149

TOPICAL VOCABULARY______________________________
ability facults |tis f absurd absurdus |a |um abusive maledicus |a |um accomplished rudtus |a |um active alacer |cris |cre admirable admrbilis |is |e admiration admrti |nis f adult (mature) adultus |a |um affable affbilis |is |e affected affecttus |a |um affection amor |ris m affectionate amns |antis afraid formdulsus |a |um; I am afraid that vereor |r veritus sum n; to be afraid metu |ere | aged annsus |a |um agreeable commodus |a |um, grtus |a |um alert cer |cris |cre alluring illecebrsus |a |um alone slus |a |um ambition ambiti |nis f ambitious ambitisus |a |um anger ra |ae f angry (at) rtus |a |um (+ dat); to get angry with rscor |r (+ dat) anguish angor |ris m annoyance molestia |ae f annoyed: to be annoyed at molest fer ferre tul antagonistic nfestus |a |um anxiety (about) cra |ae f (+ gen) apathetic dses |idis appetite cib appetentia |ae f, cib appetti |nis f arouse (feelings) exagitre, suscitre arrogance arrogantia |ae f arrogant arrogns |antis articulate disertus |a |um astute asttus |a |um athletic thlticus |a |um atrocious atrx |cis attentive attentus |a |um, rctus |a |um attitude gestus |s m attractive ambilis |is |e; (in looks) specisus |a |um austere asper |era |erum, austrus |a |um awful drus |a |um awkward inconcinnus |a |um backward (mentally) lentus |a |um bad malus |a |um, improbus |a |um banish (worries, cares) exim |ere exm exmptus beautiful pulcher |ra |rum, formsus |a |um beauty pulchritd |inis f becoming decns |entis big-hearted magnanimus |a |um bitter acerbus |a |um bitterly: to complain bitterly graviter queror quer questus sum bitterness acerbits |tis f blind caecus |a |um blindness caecits |tis f blush rubsc |ere rubu boastful iactns |antis bold audx |cis boldness audcia |ae f bombastic bulltus |a |um boorish agrestis |is |e

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Conversational Latin clumsy incompositus |a |um, inconcinnus |a |um cold (dispassionate) frgidus |a |um comfort s levti |nis f comfort tr allevre common sense: to have common sense cor habe |re |u |itus compassion clmentia |ae f, hmnits |tis f compassionate clmns |entis, hmnus |a |um concern cra |ae f concise brevis |is |e confide in cnfd |ere (+ dat) confidence fdcia |ae f, cnfdentia |ae f confident cnfdns |entis; to be confident cnfd |ere cnfsus sum consternation cnsternti |nis f contempt contemptus |s m, dspicti |nis f; to feel contempt for contemn |ere |ps; to hold s.o. in contempt aliquem dspictum habe |re |u |itus contemptuous (of) dspicins |entis (+ gen) content contentus |a |um; to your hearts content arbitrt tu control coerce |re |u |itus, contine |re |u control (restraint) continentia |ae f; (power) potests |tis f; out of control effrntus |a |um convenience: at your convenience tu commod cool (toward) frgidus |a |um (in + acc); (great) (coll) mrandus |a |um; thats cool! mrandum est! coolness (indifference) frgus |oris n cope with pr esse (+ dat); unable to cope with impr esse (+ dat)

bother (annoy) exerce |re |u |itus bothered exercittus |a |um brag about iactre brains: have brains corcillum | n habe |re |u bright (person) argtus |a |um callous drus |a |um callousness dritia |ae f calm placidus |a |um calmly aequ anim candid candidus |a |um, apertus |a |um care cra |ae f care dligentia |ae f careful dligns |entis careless incrisus |a |um carelessness incria |ae f cause (stir up) excitre caution cauti |nis f; to exercise caution cave |re cv cautious cautus |a |um character mrs |um mpl, indols |is f charm amoenits |tis f, decor |ris m, grtia |ae f charming amoenus |a |um, lepidus |a |um chaste castus |a |um cheer up tr hilarre, laetificre; cheer up! hab animum bonum! cheerful alacer |cris |cre, hilarus |a |um cheerfulness alacrits |tis f, hilaritd |inis f choice exquistus |a |um civilized hmnus |a |um clever callidus |a |um cleverness callidits |tis f

Chapter XVII: Emotions and Qualities courage fortitd |inis f courageous animsus |a |um, fortis |is |e courteous cmis |is |e courtesy cmits |tis f crabbiness morsits |tis f crabby morsus |a |um craving for appetti |nis f (+ gen) crazy dlrus |a |um credible crdibilis |is |e; to be credible fdem habe |re |u |itus criminal facinorsus |a |um cruel crdlis |is |e cruelty crdlits |tis f cry fle |re |v; to cry over flre culture hmnits |tis f cunning collubrnus |a |um curiosity crisits |tis f cute bellus |a |um, bellulus |a |um dainty dlictus |a |um daring audns |entis, audx |cis darling animulus | m, animula |ae f dear crus |a |um deceitful fallx |cis decency decentia |ae f decent decns |entis; to do the decent thing frgem faci |ere fc deep-seated nsitus |a |um dejected dmissus |a |um delicate dlictus |a |um demented dmns |entis depressed abiectus |a |um; to be depressed abiect anim sum esse fu depression contracti |nis f anim deranged (mind) commtus |a |um deserving (of) dignus |a |um (+ abl) desire cupidits |tis f despair dsprti |nis f despair dsprre desperate dsprtus |a |um desperation dsprti |nis f despicable dspictus |a |um

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despise dspici |ere dspex dspectus destructive exitisus |a |um develop (character, mind) cnfirmre dignified gravis |is |e dignity gravits |tis f, dignits |tis f diligence dligentia |ae f diligent dligns |entis disappoint frustror |r |tus sum disappointment dstitti |nis f disgrace ddecus |oris n, ignminia |ae f; to be a disgrace to ddecor esse (+ dat) disgraceful ddecrus |a |um, ignminisus |a |um dishonorable ddecrus |a |um dismay cnsternti |nis f disposition affectus |s m (anim) distinguished illstris |is |e distress dolor |ris m distrust (of) diffdentia |ae f (+ gen) distrust diffd |ere diffsus sum (semideponent) (+ gen) downcast: to be downcast iace |re |u downhearted dmissus |a |um; to be downhearted anim perculs esse dread formdre dreadful drus |a |um drunk brius |a |um drunkenness briets |tis f; habitual drunkenness brisits |tis f dull hebes |etis

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Conversational Latin experienced (in) pertus |a |um (+ gen or abl) expert in gnrus |a |um (+ gen) expressive (eyes) argtus |a |um fair, fair-minded aequus |a |um fairness aequits |tis f faith fids |e f; in bad faith d fid mal; in good faith (ex) bon fid faithful fidlis |is |e fall (desperately) in love with (perdit) amre coep |isse false falsus |a |um fantastic mrificus |a |um faultless mendtus |a |um favor beneficium | n; to accept and return a favor beneficium accipere et reddere fear metu |ere | fear metus |s m fearless impavidus |a |um feeble imbcillus |a |um feebleness imbcillits |tis f feel (hunger, pain, cold, etc.) senti |tre |s |sus; I dont feel well mhi nn bene habe; to feel annoyed gravor |r |tus sum; to feel down and out nfractum animum ger |ere gess; to feel good s bene habe |re |u; to feel happy gaude |re gvsus sum; to feel pain dolre afficior affic affectus sum; to feel sad maestus |a |um esse feeling snsus |s m, affectus |s m fidelity fidlits |tis f fierce ferx |cis firm firmus |a |um flame (sweetheart) flamma |ae f flattering blandus |a |um flattery blanditia |ae f

eager (for) cupidus |a |um (+ gen) eagerly cupienter eagerness cupidits |tis f easy-going facilis |is |e f educated rudtus |a |um effeminate effmintus |a |um efficiency efficientia |ae f efficient efficins |entis efficiently efficienter elegance legantia |ae f elegant legns |antis eloquence loquentia |ae f eloquent loquns |entis emotion anim mtus |s m; to express emotions anim mts exprim |ere express expressus encourage hortor |r |tus sum encouragement horttus |s m energetic nvus |a |um, impiger |ra |rum envious invidus |a |um; to be envious of invide |re invd (+ acc or dat) envy invidia |ae f esteem dlig |ere dlx dlctus estranged: to become estranged from s.o. aliquem s alinre evasive ambiguus |a |um exact accrtus |a |um, exctus |a |um excessive (in) immodicus |a |um (+ gen or abl) excite excitre excited commtus |a |um excitement anim commti |nis f; to feel excitement excitor |r excittus sum experience experientia |ae f, expermentum | n, sus |s m

Chapter XVII: Emotions and Qualities fluent prfluns |entis fond of cupidus |a |um (+ gen); to be fond of amre fondness amor |ris m foolhardy temerrius |a |um foolish dsipins |entis foolishly: to act foolishly inepti |re foolishness dsipientia |ae f fortunate fortntus |a |um frame: of mind nimus | m; to be in a good frame of mind bon nim esse frank apertus |a |um friendly amcus |a |um; in a friendly way amc friendship amcitia |ae f frighten terre |re |u |itus frivolous frvolus |a |um frustrate frstror |r |tus sum frustration frstrti |nis f funny iocsus |a |um generosity lberlits |tis f generous lberlis |is |e gentle clmns |entis, mtis |is |e get along with concorditer congru |ere |u cum (+ abl) get over (grief, anger, etc.) superre glad laetus |a |um; to be glad laetor |r |tus sum gloat over exsultre (+ abl) gloom maestitia |ae f gloomy, glum maestus |a |um glutton hellu |nis m; to be a glutton helluor |r gluttonous edx |cis gluttony edcits |tis f good (also morally) bonus |a |um good-natured facilis |is |e goodness (integrity, good behavior) bonits |tis f goodwill benevolentia |ae f

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gossip (person) fmigertor |ris m, fmigertrx |cis f grave gravis |is |e greed avritia |ae f greedy avrus |a |um; greedy for avrus (+ gen) gregarious (sociable) congregbilis |is |e grief maeror |ris m; to feel grief condolsc |ere condolu groan gem |ere |u |itum groan gemitus |s m gullible crdulus |a |um habit cnsuetd |inis f handsome formsus |a |um happiness betitd |inis f happy betus |a |um, laetus |a |um hard to please difficilis |is |e hard-working labrisus |a |um harsh (toward) drus |a |um (in + acc) harshness dritia |ae f hate tr d disse (defective verb) hate s odium | n hatred (of, toward) odium | n (in + acc) haughty ltus |a |um heart: from the heart ex anim; heart and soul tt pectore heartache cra |ae f, cordolium | n helpless inops |opis helplessness inopia |ae f holiness snctits |tis f holy snctus |a |um homely nspecisus |a |um

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Conversational Latin impetuous fervidus |a |um impolite inurbnus |a |um important magnus |a |um impress commove |re commv commtus improper indecns |entis improve mendre intr melior |ior |ius fi fier factus sum; (in studies) prfici |ere prfc imprudent imprdens |entis impulse anim impetus |s m inappropriate ineptus |a |um indecent indecns |entis indecisive ambiguus |a |um indifference frgus |oris n; indifferent (towards) neglegns |entis (in + acc) indignant indignbundus |a |um inept ineptus |a |um inexperienced (in) inexpertus |a |um (ab + abl or in + acc or adversus + acc) infamous nfmis |is |e infatuated: to be infatuated with s.o. aliquem efflictim amre influence grtia |ae f influential grtisus |a |um ingenious artificisus |a |um injustice inistitia |ae f innocence innocentia |ae f innocent (of) innocns |entis (+ gen) inquisitive crisus |a |um insane nsnus |a |um insanity nsnits |tis f insensitive drus |a |um insensitivity dritia |ae f insincere nsincrus |a |um integrity honests |tis f

homesick: to be homesick ex dsderi labrre; I am homesick for m dsderium tenet (+ gen) honest probus |a |um; (speaking the truth) vrx |cis honor honor |ris m honor honrre honorable honrbilis |is |e, honestus |a |um honorably honest hope sps, spe f hope sprre; lose hope dsprre hopeless dsprtus |a |um horrible horribilis |is |e hot-tempered rcundus |a |um humane hmnus |a |um humor fstvits |tis f humorous fstvus |a |um humorously fstv hunger fams |is f hypocrite simultor |ris m, simultrix |cis f hypocritical coctus |a |um idea cogniti |nis f ideal exemplar |ris n ignorance nscientia |ae f ignorant nsctus |a |um ill-mannered male mrtus |a |um illogical absurdus |a |um immature immtrus |a |um immaturity immtrits |tis f immoderate immodicus |a |um immodest impudcus |a |um impartial aequus |a |um impatient: to be impatient with inqu anim fer ferre tul impatiently inqu anim

Chapter XVII: Emotions and Qualities intellect intellctus |s m intelligence intellegentia |ae f intelligent intellegns |entis intense (emotions) grandis |is |e interesting specisus |a |um irresponsible inofficisus |a |um irritable rcundus |a |um itching, to be itching to gesti |re (+ inf) jealous invidus |a |um; to be jealous of invide |re invd (+ acc or dat) jealousy invidia |ae f jerk (coll) bucc |nis m joy gaudium | n; to feel joy gaude |re gvsus sum jump for joy exsultre just istus |a |um justice istitia |ae f kind benevolus |a |um; to be kind toward benevolus esse erg (+ acc) kind: what kind of person is ? qu hom est ? kind-hearted benevolus |a |um, benignus |a |um kindness benevolentia |ae f; to show kindness to s.o. benevolentiam alicui praest |re praestit knowledge cogniti |nis f, scientia |ae f laziness ignvia |ae f lazy ignvus |a |um learned doctus |a |um, rudtus |a |um lecherous salx |cis, libdinsus |a |um lie falsum | n listless dses |idis liveliness alacrits |tis f lively alacer |cris |cre loneliness slitd |inis f

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lonely slitrius |a |um; to be lonely for dsderre long for dsderre longing for dsderium | n (+ gen) look down on (despise) despectre loudmouth clmtor |ris m, clmtrx |cis f lovable ambilis |is |e love amre love amor |ris m loving amns |antis low-born ignbilis |is |e loyal fidlis |is |e, fdus |a |um; to remain loyal in fid mane |re mns loyalty fidlits tis f luck fortna |ae f lucky fortntus |a |um lust cupidits |tis f, libd |inis f lying falsiloquus |a |um meticulous accrtus |a |um mild clmns |entis mind animus | m; I have made up my mind dstintum mihi est; of sound mind compos |otis mentis; to be in ones right mind apud s esse misery miseria |ae f miserable miser |era |erum miss dsderre mistake error |ris m; to make a mistake errre mistaken falsus |a |um model exemplar |ris n modest modestus |a |um modesty modestia |ae f

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Conversational Latin patriotic amns |antis patriae persistence assiduits |tis f persistent assiduus |a |um personality indols |is f pessimistic nflx |cis phoney affecttus |a |um pitiful flbilis-is |e pity misericordia |ae f; to feel pity for commisersc |ere (+ gen) pity misere |re |u (+ gen) pleasant icundus |a |um pleasantness icundits |tis f pleasing grtus |a |um polite to cmis |is |e (+ dat or erg or in + acc) politeness cmits |tis f pompous glrisus |a |um poor (pitiful) miser |era |erum popular grtisus |a |um; to be popular with s.o. grtisus esse apud aliquem popularity grtia |ae f; to enjoy popularity among grtiam habe |re |u |itus apud (+ acc) practice (patience, etc.) exerce |re |u precise exctus |a |um prestige auctrits |tis f presumptuous cnfdns |entis pretty bellus |a |um, bellulus |a |um pride glria |ae f; source of pride glria |ae f; to take pride in glrior |r d or in (+ abl) proper decns |entis, decrus |a |um proud glrisus-a |um; to be proud of glrior |r (+ acc or d or in + abl) quiet taciturnus |a |um rage furor |ris m; to fly into a rage rscor |r

mood affectus |s m anim, animus | m; to get over ones mood animum vinc |ere |vc, superare motivation for rati |nis f (+ gen) motive causa |ae f mourn tr & intr lge |re lx mourning maeror |ris m narrow-minded angustus |a |um narrow-mindedness angustiae |rum fpl natural (unaffected) incompositus |a |um nature ntra |ae f needy inops |opis negligence negligentia |ae f, incria |ae f negligent negligns |entis nervous intentus |a |um, trepidus |a |um nervousness trepidti |nis f, animus | m trepidus nice (courteous) concinnus |a |um; (pleasant) lepidus |a |um; (cute) bellus |a |um noble (sentiments) grandis |is |e object lesson documentum | n obliging commodus |a |um obscurity ignbilits |tis f over-confident cnfdns |entis outspoken lberior |ris painstaking opersus |a |um passion cupidits |tis f; (lust) libd |inis f passionate rdns |entis passionately efflictim pathetic lmentbilis |is |e patient patins |entis patiently aequ anim

Chapter XVII: Emotions and Qualities refined hmnus |a |um reform mendre regret paenitentia |ae f regret: I regret m paenitet (+ gen) relentless drus |a |um relief: to be a relief levment esse rely on cnfd |ere cnfsus sum (+ dat); relying on frtus |a |um (+ dat or abl) remember commemorre renown fma |ae f repress (emotions) cohibe |re |u |itus repression continentia |ae f reputation fma |ae f; bad reputation nfmia |ae f; good reputation honests |tis f resentful rcundus |a |um resentment rcundia |ae f resolute cnfirmtus |a |um respect honrre, observre respectability honests |tis f respectable honestus |a |um respected honrtus |a |um respectful observns |antis respectfully honrific responsibility for cra |ae f (+ gen); it is my responsibility to est mihi crae (+ inf) restless inquitus |a |um rich dves |itis riches dvitiae |rum fpl rid: get rid of (worries) dlu |ere |; (persons) mlior |r mltus sum ridiculous rdiculus |a |um role model exemplar |ris n rough asper |era |erum rude (character) asper |era |erum sad tristis |is |e, maestus |a |um sadness tristitia |ae f sarcasm diccits |tis f

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sarcastic dicculus |a |um, dicx |cis scandalous flgitisus |a |um scholarly rudtus |a |um scorn contempti |nis f seductive illecebrsus |a |um self-confidence fdcia |ae f self-confident cnfdns |entis; to be self-confident sibi cnfd |ere cnfsus sum self-control abstinentia |ae f self-controlled compos |otis su self-respect dignits |tis f sense of duty, of responsibility piets |tis f sensible: to be sensible sapi |ere serious gravis |is |e seriousness gravits |tis f shake up commove |re commv commtus shabby sordidus |a |um shame ignminia |ae f shameful ignminisus |a |um shameless improbus |a |um shifty mbilis |is |e; shifty like the wind ventsus |a |um show off s iactre shrewd asttus |a |um shy timidus |a |um sigh gemitus |s m sigh intr gem |ere |u |itum; to sigh over gemere silliness dlrti |nis f, ineptia |ae f silly dsipins |entis, ineptus |a |um; to be silly dsipi |ere sincere sincrus |a |um

158 skill artificium | n skilled callidus |a |um skillful artificisus |a |um skillfulness callidits |tis f

Conversational Latin talent artificium | n, ingenium | n talented ingenisus |a |um talkative loqux |cis tall altus |a |um, prcrus |a |um task opus |eris n, cra |ae f taste: lack of good taste dformits |tis f tense intentus |a |um tension contenti |nis f terrify terrificre terror terror |ris m thrifty frglis |is |e, frg (indecl) tireless assiduus |a |um touchy (irritable) stomachsus |a |um tough drus-a |um tremble trem |ere |u; to tremble all over contrem |ere |u tricky dolsus |a |um trouble exerce |re |u |itus troubled exercittus |a |um trust fd |ere fsus sum (+ dat or abl) trust fds |e f trusting cnfdns |entis trustworthiness fdcia |ae f trustworthy locupls |tis trusty firmus |a |um truthful vridicus |a |um trying (tough) exercittus |a |um two-faced duplex |icis, bilinguis |is |e ugliness dformits |tis f ugly dformis |is |e; turpis |is |e unattractive invenustus |a |um uncontrolled effrntus |a |um uncouth horridus |a |um uneducated inrudtus |a |um unfair inquus |a |um

slow (physically, mentally) lentus |a |um sluggish hebes |etis; to be sluggish hebe |re sly asttus |a |um small-mindedness humilits |tis f smart callidus |a |um; (impertinent) nsolns |entis smile subrde |re subrs smooth-talking blandiloquus |a |um smug cnfdns |entis smugness cnfdentia |ae f snobbish fastdisus |a |um sober sbrius |a |um sociable socibilis |is |e sorry: I feel sorry for the others m miseret alirum stability firmits |tis f stable firmus |a |um state of mind affectti |nis f animi stern asper |era |erum stingy sordidus |a |um strict sevrus |a |um; (person in authority) acerbus |a |um stubborn obstintus |a |um surly difficilis |is |e suspicion suspici |nis f; to come under suspicion in suspicinem veni |re vn suspicious suspicx |cis; (suspected) suspectus |a |um sweet dulcis |is |e sympathy: to show sympathy for commiseror |r |tus sum

Chapter XVII: Emotions and Qualities unfairly inqu unfaithful nfidlis |is |e unfriendly inimcus |a |um unhappiness nflcits |tis f unhappy nflx |cis unpleasant inicundus |a |um unrestrained effrntus |a |um, effsus |a |um unstable nstbilis |is |e unsteady (tottering) cdcus |a |um untrustworthy nfdus |a |um upset adj commtus |a |um upset tr commove |re commv commtus urge anim impetus |s m vigorous alacer |ris |re violence violentia |ae f violent violentus |a |um weak invalidus |a |um welcome grtus |a |um well-born honestus |a |um

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well-mannered bene mrtus |a |um well-off bene aertus |a |um wicked improbus |a |um wickedness improbits |tis f wild effertus |a |um wily dolsus |a |um, subdolus |a |um wonderful admrbilis |is |e word: to break ones word fidem fall |ere fefell; to give ones word fidem d dare ded datus; to keep ones word fidem servre word of honor fids |e f worry cra |ae f, sollicitd |inis f worry tr sollicitre intr sollicitor |r |tus sum worthless innis |is |e worthlessness innits |tis f worthy (of) dignus |a |um (+ abl) yearn for dsderre yearning (for) dsderti |nis f (+ gen)

Chapter XVIII: Trades and Professions

CONVERSATIONS ___________________________________
LEVEL I Tnstrx Donna Tnstrx Donna Tnstrx Donna Tnstrx Donna Tnstrx Donna Tnstrx Donna Tnstrx Donna

Donna gets a new hairdo.

Hairdresser: Hello, Donna. How are you? Donna: Im fine. Id like a haircut, please. Sit down in this chair, please. Thank you. Dont cut my hair too short. But nowadays girls are wearing their hair short. I know, but I dont care for short hair. How then do you want me to cut your hair? Cut my hair in layers. Do you want bangs? No. Comb my hair back. Do you want me to set your hair in the latest style? Yes. Are you going to wash my hair first? Of course, I always wash the hair before I set it. If you have time, dont only curl my hair but also color it.

Salv, Donna. Quid agis? Vale. Velim tnsram, quaes. Cnsde, amb t, in hc sell tnsri. Grtis! Nl nimis dtondre comam. At hodi puellae gerunt comam curtam. Id sci, sed comam curtam nn cr. Qumodo erg cupis m tondre comam? Frange comam in grads. Vsne antis? Nl. Repecte comam. Vsne etiam cmere comam novissim mod? Ita. Utrum prius lautra es comam? Sclicet ego semper comam lav antequam eam cm. S t vacs, nn modo crsp sed etiam tinge comam.

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Chapter XVIII: Trades and Professions Tnstrx Vac. Mihi crde, ambis hunc novum cmptum.

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I have time. Believe me, you will love this new hairdo.

LEVEL II Pater Flius

Choosing a career.
Father: Son, would you like to be an accountant someday? Son: No way! Math, I think, is a very difficult subject. Besides, accounting books bore me.

Vsne, m fl, esse aliquand raticintor? Null mod! Me sententi, mathmatica est doctrna difficillima. Porr, taedet m tabulrum accept et expns.

Pater

Fortasse vels medicnam Maybe youd want to practice exercre. Medic, ut scs, magn medicine. Doctors, as you auctritte tuntur. know, enjoy a lot of prestige. At medic arcessuntur omnibus hrs di et noctis. Numquam tempus subsicvum habent. Velsne fier causidicus? R vr, causidic ingentem pecniam faciunt. Mihi nn est ista callidits quae est causidicrum, s scs quid mihi velim. Velsne rempblicam inre et aliquand sentor fier? Sentrs quidem multum valent, sed saepe sibi magis quam popul cnsulunt. Fortasse mls exercre num ex artificis. Nl fier neque tnsor neque pstor neque lanius neque stor neque argentrius neque. . . . But doctors are on call at all hours of the day and night. They never have time off. Would you like to become a lawyer? After all, lawyers make big money. I dont have that shrewdness that is typical of lawyers, if you know what I mean. Would you like to enter politics and eventually become a senator? Senators do have a lot of clout, but often they look after themselves rather than the people. Perhaps you would prefer to practice one of the trades. I dont want to become a barber or a baker or a butcher or shoemaker or a banker or a . . . .

Flius

Pater

Flius

Pater

Flius

Pater Flius

162 Pater

Conversational Latin At nusquisque nostrum debet vctum quaeritre qumodocumque! Quid d artibus legantiribus? But each and every one of us must earn a living some way or other. What about the fine arts?

Flius

Pctrs et sculptrs et scrptrs Painters and sculptors and habent proprium ingenium quod writers have a special talent mihi omnn dest. which I lack completely. Quod tibi pln dest, m fl, nn est ingenium sed ambiti! Son, what you obviously lack is not ability but ambition!

Pater

LEVEL III Dominus

A man plans to build a home.

Owner: I plan to build a new home. Contractor: Where? On New Street on the Aventine Hill. When do I have to begin the work? Of course, as soon as possible. Whom do you recommend as architect? Vitruvius can design you a beautiful home. Ill call him right away.

In anim habe domum novam aedificre.

Conductor Qu in loc? Dominus In Vi Nov in Monte Aventn.

Conductor Quand opus mihi incipiendum est? Dominus Sclicet quam prmum. Quem architectum commends?

Conductor Vitrvius potest architectre tibi domum pulchram. Dominus Ego eum prtinus arcessam.

Conductor Et ego prtinus condcam And I will immediately hire caementris, laterum (some) workers in concrete, strctrs, tctrs, fabrs bricklayers, plasterers, tignris atque magnum gregem carpenters and a large crew of operrirum. laborers. Dominus Quand poterunt caementri fundmentum iacere? When can the concrete workers pour the foundation? Within three days or four at most. What then? After the foundation has been laid, the bricklayers will be able to lay the bricks.

Conductor Trdu aut quadridu summum. Dominus Quid deinde?

Conductor Post iactum fundmentum, strctrs laters struere poterunt.

Chapter XVIII: Trades and Professions Dominus Quid fit deinde? And what happens then? The plasterers will plaster the walls.

163

Conductor Tctrs tctrium parietibus indcent. Dominus Nl oblvsc, iub pctrs pariets tri tablnque pingere.

Dont forget, have the painters paint the walls of the atrium and the study. Do you also want frescoes? Yes. I want pictures of the Muses and nymphs. Where do you want mosaics on the floor? In the atrium, the dining room, the study, and all the bedrooms. I shall finish the entire home within six months. Very good. I shall see to it that the contract is drawn up.

Conductor Vsne etiam pctrs d tctri? Dominus Ita. Vol pctrs Msrum et nymphrum.

Conductor Ubi vs opus tesselltum in pavments? Dominus In tri et trclni et tabln et omnibus cubiculs.

Conductor Cnficiam ttam domum intr sex mnss. Dominus Bene sn. Crb ut contractus cnscrbtur.

TOPICAL VOCABULARY______________________________
accountant raticintor |ris m (rx |rcis f), ratinrius | m (a |ae f) account rati |nis f; the account balances rati cnstat account books tabulae |rum fpl (accept et expns) accounting cnfecti |nis f tabulrum audit accounts ratins dispung |gere |x |ctus balance accounts ratins cnfer cnferre contul colltus keep books tabuls cnfici |ere cnfc cnfectus acrobat fnambulus | m actor histri |nis m, ctor |ris m act tr & intr ag |ere g ctus actress scnica |ae f, ctrix |cis f go on the stage in scaenam prde prdre prdi movie fbula |ae f cnmatographica play fbula |ae f play the lead role prms parts ag |ere g ctus play the role of a general impertrem agere scenery scna |ae f stage scna |ae f, proscnium | n ambassador legtus | m announcer annntitor |ris m, annntitrx |cis f architect architectus | m architecture architectra |ae f

164

Conversational Latin principal caput |itis n simple interest perpetuum faenus |oris n barber tnsor |ris m barber chair sella |ae f tnsria barber shop tnstrna |ae f clippers mchinula |ae f capills resecands comb s pecten |inis m comb tr pect |ere pex pexus cut (hair) tonde tondre totond tnsus hair (of the head) capillus | m, (or with no distinction) capill |rum mpl, coma |ae f; (in locks or dressed) crnis |is m hairdo cmptus |s m haircut tnsra |ae f hair style tnsus |s m razor novcula |ae f scissors forficulae |rum fpl shave tr rd |ere rs rsus; (regularly) rsitre; to shave every day faciem ctdi rsitre shave s rsra |ae f bartender ministrtor |ris m, ministrtrx |cis f serve (drinks, food) to ministrre (+ dat) beautician rntrx |cis f (see hairdresser) bookkeeper acturius | m (a |ae f) (see accountant) bookseller bibliopla |ae m bookcase bibliothca |ae f book liber |br m bookshelf pluteus | m bookstore librria |ae f boxer pugil, pugilis m (see Chapter V)

design (buildings) architectre artist artifex |icis mf athlete thlta |ae mf athletics thltica |ae f baker pstor |ris m, pstrx |cis f (see also Chapter VIII) bake coqu |ere cox coctus bakery pstrna |ae f banker argentrius | m (a |ae f) account rati |nis f bank argentria |ae f, taberna |ae f argentria bank book libellus | m comparsrium, argentriae libellus banking business argentria |ae f; to run a (big) banking business argentriam (maximam) faci |ere fc factus bill (paper money) nummus | m chartreus; ten-dollar bill nummus chartreus decem dollarrum borrow money at interest pecniam faenor accipi |ere accp acceptus check syngrapha |ae f, mandtum | n nummrium; to cash a check arcri syngrapham praebe |re |u solvendam; to write a check syngrapham perscrb |ere perscrps compound interest anatocismus | m deposit money in the bank pecniam in argentri dpn |ere dposu dpositus interest faenus |oris n; at interest faenor or faenore lend money at interest pecniam faenor d dare ded datus manage a bank argentriam moderor |r modertus sum passbook argentriae libellus | m

Chapter XVIII: Trades and Professions bricklayer laterum structor |ris m (see mason) brick s later |eris m (coctlis = baked) brick adj latericius |a |um lay bricks laters stru |ere strux structus builder strctor |ris m, aedifictor |ris m build exstru |ere exstrux exstructus, aedificre building aedificium | n erect, put up exstruere businessman negtitor |ris m a business negtium | n be engaged in business in negti versor |r |tus sum business adj negtilis |is |e business establishment (with its premises) negtiti |nis f business letter epistula |ae f negtilis businesswoman negtitrx |cis f close a business deal negtium (or rem) cnfici |ere cnfc cnfectus do (carry on) business negtior |r |tus sum run a business negtium exerce |re |u |itus transact business with s.o. negtium cum aliqu trnsig |ere |g |ctus butcher lanius | m (see Chapter VIII) butcher shop lanina |ae f carpenter faber |br m tignrius chisel s scalprum | n chisel tr scalpr caed |ere cecd caesus drill s terebra |ae f drill tr terebrre hammer malleus | m nail s clvus | m

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nail tr (to) clvs cnfg |ere cnfx cnfxus (+ dat); to nail (boards) together (tabuls) inter s clvs cnfgere plane s runcna |ae f plane tr runcnre pliers forceps |cipis mf ruler rgula |ae f saw s serra |ae f saw tr serr sec |re |u |tus intr serram dc |ere dx ductus square nrma |ae f cashier arcrius | m, arcria |ae f chauffeur autoraedrius | m chef archimagrus | m (a |ae f) chemist chemiae pertus | m (a |ae f) chemical adj chemicus |a |um chemical s chemicum | n chemistry chemia |ae f cook s coquus | m, coqua |ae f bake torre |re |u tostus; in furn coquere boil tr fervefaci |ere fervefc fervefactus intr ferve |re ferbu boiled lixus |a |um cook tr coqu |ere cox coctus intr (of s.th. cooked in liquid) nfervsc |ere fry frg |ere frx frctus kitchen culna |ae f oven furnus | m stove focus | m craftsman faber |br m craft artificium | n craftsmanship artificium | n

166

Conversational Latin farm house vlla |ae f rstica feed psc |ere pv pstus field ager |gr m; (untilled) campus | m garden hortus | m rsticus grain frmentum | n harvest s messis |is f (m) harvest tr dmet |ere dmessu dmessus hay fnum | n; to make hay fnum sec |re |u |tus hayloft fnlia |ium npl herd grex, gregis m horse equus | m meadow prtum | n milk lac, lactis n milk tr mulge |gre |s |sus or |ctus oats avna |ae f orchard pmrium | n pasture pscuum | n pig porcus | m, porca |ae f plant ser |ere sv stus; to plant a field agrum cnserere plow s artrum | n plow tr arre raise (crops, animals) ducre reap met |ere messu messus reaper messor |ris m; (machine) mestrum | n ligtrim sheep ovis |is f stable stabulum | n; (for horses) equle |is n; (for cows) bovle |is n; (for sheep) ovle |is n; (for pigs) sule |is n straw strmentum | n till col |ere |u cultus wheat trticum | n

doctor medicus | m, medica |ae f cure tr sanre cure s remedium | n doctors office medicna |ae f heal snre medicine medicna |ae f pill pilula |ae f treat crre treatment cra |ae f druggist medicmentrius | m (a |ae f) drug medicmen |inis n drugstore medicmentria |ae f dry cleaner full |nis m dry cleaners (establishment) fullnica |ae f electrician lectridis artifex |icis m electricity lectris |idis f electric(al) lectricus |a |um wire flum | n engineer machintor |ris m (rx |rcis f) engineering machinlis scientia |ae f farmer agricola |ae mf barley hordeum | n barn horreum | n barnyard cohors |ortis f cattle pecus |oris n chicken pullus | m gallnceus, gallna |ae f corn maizium | n corncob maizi spca |ae f cow vacca |ae f crops (standing grain) seges |etis f; (field produce) frgs |um fpl farm fundus | m

Chapter XVIII: Trades and Professions fireman vigil |ilis m, sphnrius | m fire incendium | n; to put out a fire incendium exstingu |ere exstnx exstnctus fire engine sph |nis m fisherman pisctor |ris m (see Chapter V) fortuneteller hariolus | m, hariola |ae f tell fortunes hariolor |r |tus sum grocer macellrius | m (a |ae f) grocery store macellum | n groceries obsnium | n guard custs |dis m hairdresser rntrx |cis f, tnstrx |cis f (see barber) bangs antiae |rum fpl blond adj flvus |a |um brunette fuscus |a |um color colrre, ting |ere tnx tnctus comb s pecten |inis m comb tr pect |tere |x |xus; to comb back repectere; to comb forward prpectere; to comb out expectere curl s (natural) cirrus | m; cincinnus | m curl tr crspre curler calamistrum | n curly crspus |a |um cut tonde |re totond tnsus do (the hair) cm |ere cmps cmptus dye tr ting |ere tnx tnctus hair coma |ae f, capillus | m, or capill |rum mpl hairdo cmptus |s m hair style tnsus |s m layer the hair comam in grads frang |ere frg frctus mirror speculum | n part s discrmen |inis n part tr (the hair) discrminre redhead rtila |ae f style modus | m wavy crspus |a |um innkeeper caup |nis m inn caupna |ae f journalist diurnrius | m, (a |ae f) journalism diurnria ars |tis f judge idex |icis mf laborer operrius | m (a |ae f)

167

lawyer causidicus | m (a |ae f); (for the defense) advoctus | m (a |ae f) librarian bibliothcrius m, (a |ae f) library bibliothca |ae f machinist mchintor |ris m magician magus | m (a |ae f) do tricks praestgior |r magic magica ars |tis f; practice magic magics arts exerce |re |u |itus maid ancilla |ae f, famula |ae f mailman tabellrius | m deliver redd |dere |did |ditus forward dfer dferre dtul dltus mail epistulae |rum fpl, rs fpl cursuls mail tr d dare ded datus mailbox capsa |ae f tabellria packet, package fasciculus | m postage vectra |ae f litterrum stack of mail multiiugae litterae stamp pittcium | n cursule

168

Conversational Latin organ organum | n piano clvicordium | n play (an instrument) cantre (+ abl), can |ere cecin cantus (+ abl) trumpet tuba |ae f violin fidicula |ae f nurse aegrrum ministra |ae f, nosocoma |ae f; (male) aegrrum minister |r m, nosocomus | m painter pctor |ris m (rx |rcis f) brush pnicillus | m canvas textile |is n paint s pigmentum | n paint tr & intr ping |ere pnx pctus painting (the art; picture) pctra |ae f; (painting on a board) tabula |ae f (pcta) pharmacist (see druggist) photographer phtographus | m, phtographa |ae f photo shop officna |ae f phtographica pilot guberntor |ris m (rx |rcis f) (see pilot, Chapter XXIV) plasterer tctor |ris m plaster s tctrium | n plaster tr (a wall) tctrium (pariet) indc |ere indx inductus playwright fbulrum scrptor |ris m (rx |rcis f) plumber artifex |icis m plumbrius pipe fistula |ae f poet pota |ae m poem poma |atis n; to write a poem poma faci |ere fc factus poetess potria |ae f poetry posis |is f police officer vigil, vigilis mf

mason faber |br m lapidrius (see bricklayer) concrete concrtum | n cement calx |cis f level libra |ae f mortar harntum | n plummet perpendiculum | n square norma |ae f trowel trulla |ae f mechanic mechanicus opifex |icis m repair refici |ere refc refectus merchant merctor |ris m; (in a market) macellrius | m (a |ae f) merchandise mercs |ium fpl metal worker metallrum faber |r m midwife obstetrx |cis f miner metallrius | m mine s fodna |ae f, metallum | n; coal mine fodna |ae f carbnria; gold mine aurifodna |ae f; silver mine argentifodna |ae f; iron mine ferrifodna |ae f; salt mine fodna |ae f salinria; to operate a mine metallum exerce |re |u |itus mine tr effodi |ere effd effssus mine shaft fodnae puteus | n minister minister |tr m (tra |trae f), pstor |ris mf musician msicus | m, msica |ae f band symphnia |ae f concert concentus |s m drum tympanum | n; to play the drum tympanum pulsre flute tbia |ae f guitar cithara |ae f Hispnica lyre lyra |ae f musical instrument organum | n orchestra symphnia |ae f

Chapter XVIII: Trades and Professions porter biulus | m potter figulus | m potters clay crta |ae f figlna potters wheel rota |ae f figulris pottery fictilia |ium npl priest sacerds |tis mf priesthood sacerdtium | n producer chorgus | m prostitute meretrx |cis f, prstitta |ae f; to be a prostitute prst |re prstit psychiatrist pschter |r m (ria |riae f) psychologist pschologus | m (a |ae f) publisher ditor |ris m, ditrx |cis f retailer propla |ae m sailor nauta |ae m, nautria |ae f saleslady (in a shop) tabernria |ae f salesman (in a shop) tabernrius | m traveling salesman nstitor |ris m sculptor sculptor |ris m (rx |rcis f) bust img |inis f carve sculp |ere |s |tus chisel scalprum | n sculpture sculptra |ae f statue statua |ae f, signum | n seamstress (making clothes) vestifica |ae f; (altering clothes) sarcintrx |cis f embroider ac ping |ere pnx pctus mend sarci |re sars sartus needle ac |s f sew su |ere | stus secretary manunsis |is mf; man mf sheriff geraefa |ae m shipbuilder naupgus | m shipyard nvlia |ium npl shoemaker stor |ris m shoe calceus | m shoemakers shop strna |ae f singer canttor |ris m, canttrx |cis f sing can canere cecin cantus, cantre

169

song cantus |s m, canticum | n soldier mles |itis mf (see chapter on War and Peace) surgeon chrurgus | m (a |ae f) operate on sec |re |u |tus operation secti |nis f surgery chrurgia |ae f tailor (making clothes) vestificus | m (a |ae f); (altering clothes) sarcintor |ris m (see seamstress) tailor shop officna |ae f vestium tax collector exctor |ris m (rx |rcis f), pblicnus | m collect taxes vectglia exig |ere exg exctus tax vectgal |lis n teacher magister |tr m, magistra |ae f (see the chapter on school) travel agent itinerum prcrtor |ris m (rx |rcis f) typist dactylographus | m, (a |ae f) type dactylographi scrb |ere scrps scrptus typewriter dactylographium | n, machinula |ae f scrptria typing dactylographica ars |tis f undertaker pollnctor |ris m coffin capulus | m corpse cadver |eris n

170

Conversational Latin wine merchant vnrius | m, oenopls |ae m barrel cpa |ae f wine vnum | n wine shop oenoplium | n wrestler lucttor |ris m wrestle luctor |r |tus sum wrestling, wrestling match luctti |nis f writer scrptor |ris m, scrptrx |cis f)

funeral fnus |eris n; to attend a funeral in fnus veni (of several conveni) |re vn waiter minister |r m serve (food) appn |ere apposu appositus wait on ministrre (+ dat) waitress ministra |ae f wholesaler magnrius | m wholesale adj magnrius |a |um

Chapter XIX: The City and Public Buildings

CONVERSATIONS ___________________________________
LEVEL I Anna

Discussing the merits of city life.

Dc mihi, Gualtere, cr praefers in Anna: Tell me, Walter, why do you prefer living in the city urbe habitre quam rr. rather than in the country? Quia commodius est in urbe habitre. Quid ita? Pedibus re possum ad scholam et ad varis taberns. Vsitsne umquam bibliothcam pblicam an pinacothcam an msum? Rr. Sed saepe e ad stadium aut amphithetrum aut therms aut gymnasium. Nnne commetus vehiculrum et strepitus virum turbaeque tibi molestiae sunt? Est! Interdum istae rs quidem molestae sunt, sed ubi est vta perfecta? Walter: Because it is more convenient to live in the city. How so? I can go on foot to school and to the different shops. Do you ever visit the public library or art gallery or museum? Rarely. But I often go to the stadium or the amphitheater or the baths or the gymnasium. Arent the traffic and the noise of the streets and the crowds bothersome to you? Granted! At times those things are bothersome all right, but where is life perfect?

Gualterus Anna Gualterus Anna

Gualterus

Anna

Gualterus

171

LEVEL II Iennifer Mrtnus Iennifer Mrtnus Iennifer Mrtnus

Jennifer wants to go to town.

Jennifer: Martin, can you take me into town? Martin: Sure. What do you want to do in town? Lots. First, I want to go to the stationery store. What do you want to buy there? Writing paper and a cookbook. But they dont sell cookbooks in the stationery store but in a bookstore, for example at the Sossii Brothers. Where in the world is that bookstore? Its in a place called the Argiletum. Where then is the Argiletum? Well, the Argiletum is in Romes famous business district. Its across the street from [lit: opposite] the market. Great! If you have the time, I would also like to go to the market, since I have to get some groceries.

Mrtne, potesne m addcere in oppidum? Cert. Quid vs facere in oppid? Multa. Prmum vol re in tabernam chartriam. Quid ibi emere vs? Chartam scrptriam et librum coquintrium. At nn vnditant librs coquintris in tabern chartri sed in librri, ut put, apud Sossis Frtrs. Ubi terrrum est illa librria? Est in loc quod Argltum appelltur. Ubi itaque est Argltum? Em, Argltum est in empori inclut Rmae. Est exadversum macellum. Eu! S tibi tium sit, velim etiam in macellum re, nam obsnia mihi comparanda sunt.

Iennifer Mrtnus Iennifer Mrtnus

Iennifer

Mrtnus

Agedum, cito emus. Mihi nn est Come on, lets go quickly. I dont multum tempus subsicvum. have a lot of spare time. LEVEL III

Asking for directions in the city.

Foreigner: Pardon me, sir. I seem to have lost my way. I dont know which way to turn. Policeman: Where do you want to go? Ill gladly show you the way.

Peregrnus Ignsce mihi, bone vir. Mihi videor derrvisse. Qu m vertam nesci. Vigil Qu vs re? Viam tibi libenter ostendam.

Chapter XIX: The City and Public Buildings Peregrnus Ubi est stadium, quaes? Vigil Rct perge per trs vcs sque ad thetrum; dein t verte dextrorsum et prcde sque ad secundum compitum. Stadium erit ab laev. Where is the stadium, please?

173

Go straight ahead for three blocks as far as the theater; then turn right and go on to the second intersection. The stadium will be on your left. And where is the gymnasium?

Peregrnus Et ubi est gymnasium? Vigil

It isnt far from the stadium. Haud procul est stadi. Ubi When you have passed the stadium praeterieris, rct perge stadium, go straight ahead for per dus vcs; ibi stat templum two blocks; there a temple in alter angul et thermae in stands on the one corner and alter angul. T verte the baths on the other corner. sinistrorsum et ambul per trs Turn left and go three blocks. vcs. Cnspicis dein gymnasium prope moenia urbis. You will then see the gymnasium near the city walls. Is there a restaurant in the vicinity? There is a restaurant on practically every corner. Thanks a lot. Have a good trip!

Peregrnus Estne popna in e vicni? Vigil Est popna in omn fer angul.

Peregrnus Grtis mults! Vigil Bene ambul!

TOPICAL VOCABULARY______________________________
alley angiportum | n Argiletum Argltum | n (a district of Rome extending from the base of the Quirinal to the Capitoline and chiefly inhabited by booksellers and mechanics) amphitheater amphithetrum | n apartment building nsula |ae f aqueduct aquaeductus |s m art gallery pinacothca |ae f bakery pstrna |ae f bank argentria |ae f barbershop tnstrna |ae f bath balneum | n; (large bathing establishment) thermae |rum fpl blind alley fundula |ae f block vcus | m bookstore librria |ae f business district emporium | n butcher shop lanina |ae f church ecclsia |ae f citadel arx |cis f city urbs |is f city hall cria |ae f clothing store taberna |ae f vestiria

174 courthouse basilica |ae f

Conversational Latin prison carcer |eris m race track hippodromus | m restaurant caupna |ae f saloon taberna |ae f ptria school ldus | m, schola |ae f savings bank argentria |ae f peclis asservands senate building cria |ae f shoemaker stor |ris m shoe store taberna |ae f calcementria shoemakers strna |ae f shop taberna |ae f; (workshop) officna |ae f side street dverticulum | n sidewalk crepd |inis f square rea |ae f stadium stadium | n stationery store taberna |ae f chartria street via |ae f, plata |ae f; across the street from exadversum (+ acc) suburbs continentia |ium npl synagogue synagga |ae f temple templum | n, aeds |is f theater thetrum | n tower turris |is f town oppidum | n traffic commetus |s m vehiculrum wall mrus | m; walls moenia |ium npl warehouse apothca |ae f zoo vvrium | n

dead-end street fundula |ae f department store pantoplium | n doctors office medicna |ae f drugstore medicmentria |ae f dry cleaners fullnica |ae f fire station stati |nis f vigilum fish market forum | n piscrium flower shop taberna |ae f flrlis gas station stati |nis f benznria grocery store macellum | n gymnasium gymnasium | n hardware store taberna |ae f ferrria high school schola |ae f superior hospital valtdinrium | n hotel hospitium | n, dversrium | n intersection compitum | n, quadrivium | n jewelry store gemmria |ae f laundry fullnica |ae f library bibliothca |ae f bookshelf pluteus | m mall forum | n subtgulneum museum msum | n park hort |rum mpl pastry shop cuppedinria |ae f perfume store taberna |ae f unguentria police station stati |nis f vigilum portico porticus |s f post office diribitrium | n cursule

Chapter XX: Government

CONVERSATIONS ___________________________________
LEVEL I Flius Pater Flius Pater

A father explains to his son his involvement in politics.

Son: Father, why do you want to become a consul?

Pater, cr vs cnsul fier?

Quia ego iam omns alis honrs Father: Because I have already gess. held all the other offices. Qus honrs gessist? Prm quaestor eram, deinde aedlis, deinde praetor. Nunc cnsultum pet. Suntne mult compettrs? Sunt vr. Suntne e omns patrici dvits? Omns sunt vir magnae grtiae et dvitirum. Potestne pauper crer cnsul? Fier potest sed difficillimum est. Ubi comitia habbuntur? In Camp Mrti, ut solent. Quand comitia habbuntur? Hodi post merdiem. Tibi flciter, pater! Grtis, m fl. What offices have you held? First I was quaestor, then aedile, then praetor. Now Im running for the consulship. Are there many opponents? There are indeed. Are they all rich patricians? All are men of great influence and wealth. Can a poor man be elected consul? It is possible, but it is very difficult. Where will the elections be held? In the Campus Martius as usual. When will the elections be held? This afternoon. Good luck to you, Father. Thank you, son.

Flius Pater Flius Pater Flius Pater Flius Pater Flius Pater Flius Pater

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176 LEVEL II Sentor

Conversational Latin

A senator explains how government works.

Senator: Give me my purplebordered toga and senatorial shoes. Wife: Where are you off to again? Dont you know that I am going to give a speech today from the rostrum? Isnt the senate meeting today? Yes. Ambassadors from Greece will address the senate about the taxes. Are they going to complain about the taxes or the tax collectors?

D mihi togam praetextam et mulles. Qu abs iterum? Num ignrs m hodi pr rstrs ortinem habitrum esse? Nnne sentus hodi conveniet? Etiam. Legt Graeci d vectglibus sentum adloquentur. Querenturne d vectglibus an d exctribus?

Uxor Sentor

Uxor Sentor

Uxor Sentor

D utrsque. Ut scs, Rma novum About both. As you know, Rome vectgal ists Graeculs imposed a new tax on those imposuit. poor Greeks. Quid praeses provinciae Achaeae d nov vectgl dcit? Praeses dcit nn slum vectgal sed etiam exctrs esse admodum inqus. Cr rs pblica vectglia ex prvincis nostrs cnstanter exigit? Est simplex. Rma mercdem tribuit exctribus et conductribus et raticintribus et innumers contubernlibus scrbsque. At s vectglia nn impnerentur et exigerentur, nn omnn opus esset hsce omnibus mercdem tribuere. Manifest t rem pblicam nn intellegis! What does the governor of the province of Achaea say about the new tax? The governor says that not only the tax but also the tax collectors are very unfair. Why does the government constantly collect taxes from our provinces? It is simple. Rome pays a salary to tax collectors, their employers, accountants, and innumerable staff members and clerks. But if taxes were not imposed and collected, there would be no need at all to pay salaries to all these people. Obviously you do not understand politics!

Uxor

Sentor

Uxor

Sentor

Uxor

Sentor

Chapter XX: Government LEVEL III Novus Hom Cnsul N. Hom Cnsul

177

How the senate conducts business.

Freshman Senator: A senate session was held today, wasnt it? Consul: It was, but nothing was accomplished in the senate. Why not? What was the debate about? Crassus made a motion about the military command of Julius Caesar, who wants to go to war with the Gauls. Did anyone second Crassus motion? Pompey seemed to go along with Crassus, but almost all the conservatives objected to Crassus motion. What did the members of Caesars party say? Curio, the tribune of the people, pleaded Caesars cause with great enthusiasm. And what about you?

Nnne sentus hodi habitus est?

Habitus est, sed nihil in sent cnfectum est. Quidn? D qu discepttum est? Crassus rettulit d imperi Ili Caesaris, qu bellum Galls inferre vult. Quispiam in Crass sententiam dcbat? Pompius vidbtur assentr Crass, sed omns fer optimts sententiae Crass obsistbant. Quid dixrunt Caesarin? Cri, tribnus plbis, Caesaris causam magn cum studi git. Et quid d t?

N. Hom Cnsul

N. Hom Cnsul

N. Hom Cnsul

Ego breviter sententiam dx, sed I expressed my opinion briefly, nlu prpalam assentr Crass. but I did not want to agree with Crassus openly. Num discessi facta est in Crass sententiam? Nn. Cat, hom equidem honestus sed furisus, sententiae intercdere cntus est. Praevalbatne Cat? Sents cnsultum factum est? Nn factum est; sententia tamen est perscrpta. Subinde, m referente, sentus dmissus est. Was a vote taken on Crassus motion? No. Cato, a really respectable but mad man, tried to veto the motion. Did Cato win out? Was the senate decree passed? It did not pass; however, the motion was put on record. After that, on my motion, the senate was dismissed.

N. Hom Cnsul

N. Hom Cnsul

178 N. Hom Cnsul

Conversational Latin Quis in Crass sententiam vit? Cri, tribnus plbis, et pauc amc Crass. Aestimsne Caesarem aliquid cnsectrum esse? Null mod. Homins mox eius oblvscentur. Numquam exercitu in Galli imperbit. Who supported Crassus proposal? Curio, the tribune of the people, and only a few friends of Crassus. Do you think that Caesar will get anywhere? No way. People will soon forget about him. He will never command the army in Gaul.

N. Hom Cnsul

TOPICAL VOCABULARY______________________________
according to the law, as the law prescribes secundum lgem administration administrti |nis f aedile aedlis |is m aedileship aedlits |tis f aristocracy nbilits |tis f, optimts |ium mpl assembly concilium | n ballot tabella |ae f ballot box suffrgirum cista |ae f bill rogti |nis f bribery (in politics) ambitus |s m bring to order in rdinem cg |ere cog coctus bureau ministerium | n bureaucracy graphocratia |ae f bureaucrat graphocrates |ae mf campaign petti |nis f; illegal campaign practices ambitus |s m campaign intr ambi |re |v or |i |itum candidate candidtus | m (a |ae f) cast a vote suffrgium fer ferre tul ltus censor cnsor |ris m city urbs |is f, cvits |tis f citizen cvis |is mf; private citizen (who holds no political office) prvtus | m (a |ae f) city council decurins |um mpl council member decuri |nis mf citizenship cvits |tis f civil cvlis |is |e; civil rights is |ris n cvle; loss (taking away) of civil rights dminti |nis f capitis; to deprive s.o. of civil rights capite alicius dminu |ere | civilian adj togtus |a |um, prvtus |a |um civilian s togtus | m; (opposite of soldier) prvtus | m command (a legion, army) praeside |re praesd (+ dat), imperre (+ dat) committee concilium | n community cvits |tis f congress congressus |s m conservative adj cnservtvus |a |um conservative s cnservtvus | m (a |ae f); conservatives (in ancient Rome) optimts |ium mpl

Chapter XX: Government constitution cnstitta |rum npl consul cnsul |is m consulship cnsultus |s m debate s disceptti |nis f debate tr disceptre (d + abl) decide (to, not to) (of the senate, also of supreme magistrates) cnse |re |u (ut or ne + subj) decree of the senate sents cnsultum | n; to pass a decree of the senate sents cnsultum faci |ere fc factus defeat repulsa |ae f; defeat at the polls comitis repulsa; defeat in running for the consulship repulsa cnsults; to suffer a defeat repulsam fer ferre tul ltus democracy dmocratia |ae f democrat dmocraticus | m (a |ae f) democratic dmocraticus |a |um dictator dicttor |ris m dismiss (the senate) dmitt |ere dms dmissus edict dictum | n elect crere; (Roman senators) coptre elections comitia |rum npl; to hold elections comitia habe |re |u |itus emperor impertor |ris m; (title chosen by Augustus) prnceps |ipis m faction facti |nis f fellow citizen cvis |is mf suus (a) get somewhere aliquid cnsequor | cnsectus sum govern (a province) praeside |re praesd (+ acc or dat); to govern the country rem pblicam gubernre government rs f pblica (gen: re pblicae) (also written as one word)

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governor praeses |idis mf, guberntor |ris m (rx |rcis f); (of a minor province) prcrtor |ris m graft ambitus |s m head of state rctor |ris m cvittis hold (an office) ger |ere gess gestus imperial imperilis |is |e law lx, lgis f; (divine law) fas n (indecl); in accordance with the law lge leave (office) abe |re |i (+ abl) legally lgitim legislator lgisltor |ris m (rx |rcis f) (in Roman government, a proposer of a bill) lower class rd |inis m nferior magistracy magistrtus |s m magistrate magistrtus |s m mayor praefectus | m urb; mior |ris mf motion sententia |ae f; on my motion m referente; to approve a motion sententiam comprobre; to make a motion regarding refer referre rettul reltus d (+ abl); to oppose a motion sententiae (dat) obsist |ere obstit middle class rd |inis m medius; (in Rome) equits |um mpl municipality mnicipium | n neutral nullus partis (esse) office honor |ris m, magistrtus |s m; to gain an office magistrtum (or honrem) adsequor | adsectus sum opponent adversrius | m (a |ae f); (for office) compettor |ris m (rx |rcis f) party pars |tis f; to join a party part s adiung |gere |x pass (a law) (rogtinem or lgem) perfer perferre pertul perltus

180 patrician patricius |a |um plebeian plbius |a |um plebs plbs, plbis f

Conversational Latin run for (an office) pet |ere petv pettus; to run for office petere senate building cria |ae f senate sentus |s m senate session sentus |s m; to call (hold) a senate session sentum vocre (habe |re |u |itus) senator sentor |ris mf senatorial sentrius |a |um shake hands (when campaigning) mans prnsre shun publicity forum ac lcem fugi |ere fg fgitrus spirit of the law volunts |tis f lgis squeeze the flesh (when campaigning) prnsre state (the state as a community) cvits |tis f; (of the U.S.) cvits foederta statesman vir, vir m cvlis statute lx, lgis f tariff portrium | n tax vectgal |lis n; to impose a tax on vectgal impn |ere imposu impositus (+ dat) tax collector exctor |ris m (rx |rcis f) term of office spatium | n (temporis) potesttis town oppidum | n tribune of the people tribnus | m plbis tribunician power tribnicia potests |tis f unanimously n vce United States (of America) nt Stats (Americae) (gen: ntrum Statuum) mpl; Cvtts |um fpl Foedertae Americae upper class rd |inis m superior

political cvlis |is |e; for political reasons re pblicae caus; political affairs (or matters) rs, rrum fpl cvls political career cursus |s m honrum politician vir, vir m cvlis, fmina |ae f cvlis politics rs, re f pblica; rs, re f cvlis (also plural); to enter politics rem pblicam ine inre inv or ini; to take part in politics in r pblic versor |r |tus sum polling booth saeptum | n polls saepta |rum npl praetor praetor |ris m praetorship praetra |ae f preside (over) praeside |re praesd (+ dat) president praesidns |entis m propose (a law) (lgem) fer ferre tul ltus province prvincia |ae f quaestor quaestor |ris m quaestorship quaestra |ae f ratify a bill lgem iube |re iuss iussus recording secretary (in the Roman senate) librrius | m reject a bill lgem (or rogtinem) antqure representative vcrius | m (a |ae f) republicans repblicn |rum mpl (ae |rum fpl); (in ancient Rome) optimts |ium mpl retire in tium s refer referre rettul rule tr reg |ere rx rctus

Chapter XX: Government upset (at the polls) offnsi |nis f; to suffer an upset offnsinem fer ferre tul ltus veto s intercessi |nis f; to interpose a veto intercd |ere intercess veto tr intercd |ere intercess (+ dat) vice president vice praesidns |entis mf

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vote s suffrgium | n; a vote was taken on his motion (in the senate by moving to one side of the chamber) discessi facta est in eius sententiam; to call for a vote (in the senate) discessinem faci |ere fc factus vote intr suffrgium fer ferre tul ltus; (of a senator) cnse |re |u; to vote for suffrgr (+ dat)

Chapter XXI: War and Peace

CONVERSATIONS ___________________________________
LEVEL I Ienna

Jenna finds that Dennis joined the army.

Jenna: Hello, Dennis. Since when have you been in military uniform? Dennis: I went into the service about five months ago. When did you complete basic training? Two months ago. I am no longer a raw recruit! How long did basic training last? It lasted four months. Now I am home on furlough. How long have you been home? I got a thirty-day furlough. When is your furlough up? Itll be up tomorrow in fact. Will you return to camp tomorrow? Thats right. [lit: you speak correctly.] Good bye, Jenna.

Salv, Dennis. Ex qu tempore fuist rnt mlitr? Abhinc qunque fer mnss in mlitiam inv. Quand rudmenta mlitria cnfcist? Abhinc dus mnss. Nn iam tr rudis sum! Quamdi rudmenta mlitria drvrunt? Drvrunt quattuor mnss. Nunc dom sum in commet. Quamdi iam dom es? Commetum trgint dirum impetrv. Quand est commets dis? Crs profect erit commets dis. Redbisne crs in castra? Rct dcis. Bene val, Ienna.

Dennis Ienna Dennis Ienna Dennis Ienna Dennis Ienna Dennis Ienna Dennis

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Chapter XXI: War and Peace LEVEL II Colinus

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A grandson asks his grandfather about his military service.

Colin: Granddad, were you in the service during the Second World War? Granddad: Yes, grandson. All my friends and I went into the service after war broke out in Europe. Were you a volunteer or were you called up?

Ersne, tata, in mliti inter Bellum Secundum Mundnum? Ita, m neps. Ego et amc omns in mlitiam vimus postquam bellum in Eurp exrsit. Ersne voluntrius an voctus es?

Avus

Colinus Avus Colinus Avus

voctus sum. Dlctus habbtur, I was called up. They held a draft, et ego dlctum nn subterfg. and I did not dodge the draft. Meruistne nauta an mles? In exercit meru. Post rudmenta mlitria, in Eurpam vectus sum. Adversus Germniam pugnv. Cr adversus Germns pugnvist? Did you serve as a sailor or a soldier? I served in the army. After basic training, I was shipped out to Europe. I fought against Germany. Why did you fight against the Germans?

Colinus Avus

Quod Germnia foedus violverat Because Germany had violated et cum fnitims bellum inverat. the treaty and had started a war with her neighbors. Cr Germnia fnitims bellum intulit? Prncips enim Germniae ttam Eurpam superre volurunt. Quam di in Eurp mlitvist? Triennium mlitiam explv antequam nostr socique cogrunt Germns in dditinem venre. Why did Germany go to war with her neighbors? You see, the leaders of Germany wanted to conquer the whole of Europe. How long did you serve as a soldier in Europe? I completed a three-year tour of duty before our men and our allies forced the Germans to surrender.

Colinus Avus

Colinus Avus

184 Colinus Avus

Conversational Latin Gaude, m tata, t salvum et snum domum rediisse. Ego flcissimus eram. Nn omns cter tam flcs erant. I am glad, granddad, that you returned home safe and sound. I was very lucky. Not all the others were so lucky.

LEVEL III Studns

Discussing the merits of alliances.

Student: It seems to me that our country is always involved in foreign wars. Instructor: According to the terms of the treaty, our country goes to the aid of its friends and allies in a crisis. But America so often interferes in foreign wars. How come? You see, America formed defensive alliances all over the world. Do our opponents form offensive alliances? Each side, I suppose, forms defensive alliances. But one side does not trust the other, and thats why theres an arms race. [lit: hence an arms race comes about.] Under these conditions, how can peace be maintained between nations? It is simple. Each side acquires such armaments of war that one side does not dare to attack the other.

Mihi vidtur patria nostra semper in bells externs implicr. Ex foedere, patria nostra amcs socisque in discrmine succurrit. At America s tam saepe bells externs interpnit. Qu fit? America enim ubque terrrum societts ad bellum dfendendum fcit. Faciuntne adversri nostr societts ad bellum nferendum? Utraque pars, ut opnor, facit societts ad bellum dfendendum. Sed altera pars alter part nn fdit. Inde armrum certmen fit. Hs condicinibus, quemadmodum px inter gents cnservr potest? Simplex est. Utraque pars tantum appartum bell comparat ut altera pars alteram partem oppugnre nn audeat.

Docns

Studns Docns

Studns

Docns

Studns

Docns

Chapter XXI: War and Peace Studns

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At quid s na cvits ab utr parte But what if one country on either bellum ultr nferat? side should become an aggressor in war? [lit: should bring on war unprovoked] Tum soci omns ab alter parte dbent bellum indcere ill cvitt. At quidn bellum compnunt? Quod neutra pars vult imbecilla vidr. Quae igitur est solti? Suspici bon fid et mtu observanti substituenda est. Then all the allies on the other side have to declare war on that country. But why not terminate war by diplomacy? Because neither side wants to seem weak. What then is the solution? Suspicion must be replaced by mutual trust and respect.

Docns

Studns Docns Studns Docns

TOPICAL VOCABULARY______________________________
absent without leave: to be absent without leave ad commets diem nn adsum |esse |fu active service: to be on active service stpendia faci |ere fc factus agreement foedus |eris n; according to the terms of the agreement ex foedere alliance foedus |eris n, societs |tis f; to conclude an alliance with foedus c |ere | |tus cum (+ abl); to form an alliance with societtem faci |ere fc factus cum (+ abl) airforce cpiae |rum fpl eriae arm tr armre armaments appartus |s m bell (rarely pl of appartus) armed armtus |a |um; to be armed in arms esse arms: arma |rum npl; arms race armrum certmen |inis n; by force of arms v et arms; to be under arms in arms esse; to lay down arms ab arms discd |ere discess; to take up arms arma capi |ere cp captus army exercitus |s m; to raise an army exercitum comparre army buddy contubernlis |is mf artillery tormenta |rum npl barracks militum contubernium- n basic training rudmenta npl mlitria (gen rudmentrum npl mlitrium) battle pugna |ae f, proelium | n (in a country: in (+ abl); at or near a town apud (+ acc), circ + acc); in battle proeli; naval battle off Tenedos pugna nvlis ante Tenedum; successful battle proelium secundum; to fight a battle proelium faci |ere fc factus battalion cohors |ortis f battalion commander praefectus | m cohortis battlefield acis | f

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Conversational Latin crack troops rbora |um npl peditum critical: the situation is critical rs est in summ discrmine defeat s clds |is f; to suffer a defeat cldem accipi |ere accp acceptus defeat tr superre, vinc |ere vc victus defensive and offensive alliance societs |tis f ad bellum dfendendum atque nferendum facta defensive and offensive weapons tla |rum npl ad tegendum et ad nocendum disarm s.o. aliquem arms exu |ere | |tus discharge missi |nis f; get an honorable discharge missinem honestam impetrre; get a dishonorable discharge missinem ignminisam accipere dodge the draft mlitiam subterfugi |fugere |fg draft dlctus |s m; to hold a draft dlctum habe |re |u |itus draft-dodger qu mlitiam subterfugit drag out a war bellum trah |ere trax tractus end fnis |is m; to put an end to a war bell fnem faci |ere fc factus enemy hosts |ium mpl enlist nmen (of several: nmina) d dare ded exchange prisoners captvs permtre or commtre exempt: to be exempt from military service mlitiae vactinem habe |re |u exemption from military service mlitiae vacti |nis f force: large force magnae cpiae fpl; small force exiguae cpiae fort castellum | n

besiege (blockade) a town oppidum obsd |ere obsd obsessus bomb s bomba |ae f; atomic bomb bomba atomica; nuclear bomb bomba nucleris bomb tr bombs oppugnre bomber eroplanum | n bombiferum call up the troops vocre cpis camp castra |rum npl campaign expediti |nis f, stpendium | n cavalry equittus |s m cease-fire indtiae |rum fpl; the cease-fire is holding indtiae drant; to call for a cease-fire indtis posc |ere poposc cohort cohors |ortis f colonel tribnus | m mlitum combat proelium | n, pugna |ae f; in hand-to-hand combat comminus (adv) combatant proelitor |ris m (rx |rcis f) command imperium | n; to be in command (of) praesum |esse |fu (+ dat) commander in chief impertor |ris m; to be the commander in chief imperi summam tene |re tenu; imperi summae praesum |esse |fu commence hostilities bell initium faci |ere fc factus company centuria |ae f company commander centuri |nis m concentrate all the troops in one place cg |ere cog coctus omns cpis in num locum conquer vinc |ere vc victus; to conquer a country terr potior |r pottus sum corporal decuri |nis mf

Chapter XXI: War and Peace furlough commetus |s m; end of the furlough commets dis | m; to get a furlough commetum impetrre garrison praesidium | n general dux, ducis mf gun tormentum | n headquarters praetrium | n helmet cassis |idis f hold out: the town held out for four months oppidum obsidinem quattuor mnss sustinuit home front: on the home front and on the front lines dom et mlitiae (or in mliti) hostage obses |idis mf infantry pedittus |s m infantryman pedes |itis m international law is, iris n gentium invade bellum nfer nferre intul illtus (+ dat), cum exercit ingredior | ingressus sum leave of absence commetus |s m legion legi |nis f lieutenant locumtenns |entis mf march iter faci |ere fc factus marines classiri |rum mpl military mlitris |is |e; military age aets |tis f mlitris; military service mlitia |ae f; the military mlitia |ae f; to enter military service mlitiam ine |re |v or |i; to perform military service mlitre naval nvlis |is |e navy cpiae |rum fpl nvls; to have a powerful navy nvibus plrimum posse officer praefectus | m; cavalry officer praefectus equitum

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operations: to conduct military operations in the Gallic War rs ger |ere gess Gallic bell peace px, pcis f; in peace and in war dom et mlitiae (or in mliti); peace is concluded on condition that px convenit in eam condicinem ut ; to break the peace pcem frang |ere frg frctus; to bring about peace pcem concilire; to have peace negotiations with s.o. ag |ere g ctus cum aliqu d pce; to make peace with pcem faci |ere fc factus cum (+ abl) prisoner of war captvus | m, captva |ae f; ransom prisoners captvs redim |ere redm redmptus private mles |itis mf gregrius (|a) promote prmove |re prmv prmtus; to promote to higher rank ad (or in) amplirem gradum prmovre promotion prmti |nis f raid excursi |nis f raise the siege on the town oppidum obsidine lberre rank gradus |s m raze a town to the ground oppidum sol aequre recruit tr |nis m; raw recruit tr rudis recruit troops dlctum ag |ere g ctus recruitment dlctus |s m regiment legi |nis f regimental commander leginis legtus | m retake a town oppidum recipi |ere recp receptus review the army exercitum recnse |re |u, lstrre rifle scloptum | n

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Conversational Latin terms of peace pcis condicins |um fpl; to accept terms of peace pcis condicins accipi |ere accp (opp: repudire); to dictate terms of peace to pcis condicins dc |ere dx (+ dat); to propose terms of peace pcis condicins fer ferre tul ltus terrain ntra |ae f loc theater of operations bell sds |is f tour of duty mlitia |ae f; to complete a three-year tour of duty triennium mlitiae exple |re |v |tus treaty foedus |eris n; according to the terms of the treaty ex pact, ex foedere; to break a treaty foedus frang |ere frg frctus; to conclude a treaty with foedus c cere c ictus or feri |re cum (+ abl); to violate a treaty foedus violre truce indtiae |rum fpl; a six-years truce indtiae annrum sex; to break a truce indtis violre; to make a truce indtis facere turn in weapons arma trd |ere trdid trditus uniform rntus |s m mlitris veteran veternus m, meritus | m victory victria |ae f; to gain (or win) a victory victriam adipscor | adeptus sum; to gain (or win) a victory over the enemy victriam reportre ab hoste; to let a sure victory slip through ones fingers victriam explrtam dmitt |ere dms volunteer voluntrius | m (a |ae f) war (against or with) bellum | n (contr or adversus (+ acc) or cum (+ abl); civil war bellum cvle or domesticum; in war bell, bell tempore; foreign war bellum externum; guerilla war bellum clandestnum; in war and in peace

sailor nauta |ae m (ria |riae f) send relief to subsidium summitt |ere summs summissus (+ dat) sergeant opti |nis mf serve stpendia faci |ere fc factus, (stpendium) mere |re |u; to serve as a soldier or sailor (ut) mles aut nauta merre serviceman mlitris |is m ship nvis |is f shoot (a person) sclopt trnsfg |ere trnsfx trnsfxus soldier mles |itis mf starve a town into surrender oppidum fme dom |re domu storm a town oppidum oppugnre submarine nvis |is f submarna success rs, re f flciter gesta, rs bene gesta supplies commetus |s m (used both as collective singular and in the plural); to cut off the enemys supplies intercld |cldere |cls hosts commetibus supply: to supply s.o. with men and arms alicui virs et arma ministrre surrender s dditi |nis f surrender intr s dd |dere |did; to force a people to surrender populum in dditinem venre cg |ere cog coctus swear in the soldiers mlits sacrment adig |ere adg adctus tactics: to change ones tactics ratinem bell gerend mtre tank autocurrus |s m armtus terms condicins |um fpl; on these terms hs condicinibus; to be on friendly terms with a country in amciti popul esse; to stick by the terms in condicinibus mane |re mns

Chapter XXI: War and Peace pce bellque, dom bellque; offensive war (of war yet to be begun) bellum ultr nferendum; (of war already begun) bellum ultr illtum; to be involved in a war bell implicr; to bring a war to a successful conclusion bellum cnfici |ere cnfc cnfectus; to carry on war with bellum ger |ere gess gestus cum (+ abl); to cause a war bellum move |re mv mtus; to conduct a war (of a general) bellum administrre; to declare war on bellum indc |ere indx indictus (+ dat); to drag out a war bellum trah |ere trax tractus; to end a war bellum perfici |ere perfc perfectus; to fight a war with bellum ger |ere gess gestus cum (+ abl); to fight a war of aggression with bellum or arma ultr nfer nferre intul illtus (+

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dat); to go off to war proficscor | profectus sum ad bellum; to go to war with bellum nfer nferre intul illtus (+ dat); to prepare for war bellum (com)parre; to send to war mitt |ere ms missus ad bellum; to start a war with bellum ine |re |v or |i cum (+ abl); to stir up a war bellum concitre or incitre; to take part in a war bellum capess |ere; to terminate a war by diplomacy bellum compn |ere composu compositus; to wage war with bellum ger |ere gess gestus cum (+ abl); war against pirates bellum prticum; war against slaves bellum servle; war is imminent bellum imminet or impendet or nstat; war of extermination bellum internecnum; war breaks out bellum exrdscit warfare bellum | n

Chapter XXII: Law and Criminal Justice

CONVERSATIONS ___________________________________
LEVEL I Rebecca Antnius Rebecca Antnius Rebecca Antnius Rebecca Antnius Rebecca Antnius Rebecca Antnius Rebecca Antnius Rebecca Antnius

News of an important trial.

Rebecca: Hello, Anthony. Where are you coming from? Anthony: From the Julian courthouse in the forum. What was going on there? A notorious trial was taking place. Who presided as judge? Some senator or other. Who was the defendant? A businessman. Well, in fact, my uncle. Who brought charges against him? Hortensius, Ciceros friend, was the prosecutor. Who was the defense lawyer? Mucius Scaevola. What charges did he bring against your uncle? Hortensius accused the poor guy of embezzlement. Did many witnesses step forward? There were only three.

Salv, Antn. Unde vens? basilic Ili for. Quid ibi fibat? Idicium ntum fibat. Quis is dcbat? Nesci quis sentor. Quis erat reus? Negtitor. Em vr patruus meus. Quis crmina in eum intulit? Hortnsius, amcus Cicernis, erat accstor. Quis erat eius dfnsor? Mcius Scaevola. Quae crmina in patruum tuum intulit? Hortnsius eum miserum peclts accsvit. Prdirunt mult tests? Erant trs tantummodo.

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Chapter XXII: Law and Criminal Justice Rebecca Antnius Rebecca Antnius Qu? Duo soci eius et argentrius. Estne absoltus an condemntus? Absoltus est quidem omnibus sententis. LEVEL II Rta Who? Two associates of his and the banker.

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Was he acquitted or found guilty? Of course, he was acquitted unanimously.

The arrest of two hoodlums draws a crowd.

Rita: Whats up, Chief? Why is such a large crowd gathering here? Chief of Police: We just arrested two notorious hoodlums. What happened? A robbery just took place. Where? Those robbers entered the grocery store and robbed the grocer of all his money. Did the robbers assault the grocer? Yes, they beat the grocer up with clubs. Did the robbers get away?

Quid re est, praefecte? Cr tanta turba hc congregtur?

Praefectus Modo apprehendimus dus nts vigilum grasstrs. Rta Quid accidit?

Praefectus Latrcinium modo factum est. Rta Ubi?

Praefectus Ist latrns macellum intrvrunt et macellrium omn argent eius spolivrunt. Rta Latrnsne macellri vim attulrunt?

Praefectus Etiam. Ist macellrium fstibus concdrunt. Rta Effgruntne latrns?

Praefectus Nll mod! Vigils me No way! My officers arrested apprehendrunt ists grasstrs those hoodlums and put et manics es inicrunt. handcuffs on them. Rta Ubi sunt ist latrns nunc? Where are those robbers now? The police hauled them off to jail. Theyll be charged with robbery, wont they? Theyll be charged with assault and battery as well as with robbery.

Praefectus Vigils rapurunt es in carcerem. Rta Nnne arguentur d latrcini?

Praefectus Arguentur d v et man atque latrcini.

192 Rta

Conversational Latin Viae urbis nostrae nn ditius ttae sunt. Ego vereor n per m obsnem. The streets of our city are no longer safe. I am afraid to go shopping by myself. My wife says the same thing. I hope the judge throws the book at them. Young lady, I have the greatest confidence in our judicial system.

Praefectus Uxor mea idem dcit. Rta Spr idicem summ ire cum ists ctrum esse.

Praefectus Adulscentula, ego habe maximam fidem nostrae ratin idicil. LEVEL III Clins Patrnus Clins Patrnus Clins Patrnus Clins Patrnus Clins Patrnus Clins Patrnus Clins Patrnus

A client gets himself a lawyer.

Client: I need a lawyer. Can you help me? Patron: What is it? Is it a civil or a criminal case? Its a criminal case. Someone broke into my home. When did the break-in take place? At midnight, while I and the family were away. What did the robbers steal? Money, pictures, and silverware. Do you know who broke into your home? No, I dont. Were there any eyewitnesses? One of my neighbors, named Varro. What did he see? He saw the robber and his lookout man. Will he be willing to step forward as a witness.

Dsder iriscnsultum. Potesne mihi succurrere? Quid est? Estne causa prvta an causa pblica? Est causa pblica. Aliquis parietem doms meae perfdit. Quand effrctra facta est? Medi nocte, dum ego et familia absumus. Quid perfossrs sustulrunt? Pecniam, pctrs, argentea. Scsne quis pariets perfderit? Nesci. Aderantne ocult tests? nus ex vcns mes, nmine Varr. Quid vdit? Vdit et perfossrem et indicem eius. Voletne testis prdre?

Chapter XXII: Law and Criminal Justice Clins Patrnus Clins Volet. Arcessvistne vigils? Arcessv. Vigils msrunt investgtrem ad m. Investgtor iam cogit nnnulls suspects. Macte virtte est! Ego suspects quam prmum in idicium addcam. Mihi crde, mox in carcere sedbunt. Yes, he will. Did you call the police?

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I did. The police sent an investigator to my home. The investigator has already rounded up several suspects. Good for you! I will take the suspects to court as soon as possible. Believe me, they will soon be sitting in jail.

Patrnus

TOPICAL VOCABULARY______________________________
accusation accsti |nis f accuse accsre (with acc of person and gen or d + abl of the charge); to accuse s.o. of a capital offense aliquem re capitlis reum (-am) facere acquit (of) absolv |ere | absoltus (d + abl; more rarely w. gen); to acquit s.o. of a capital crime aliquem capitis absolvere acquittal absolti |nis f adjourn tr amplire alimony alimnium | n allegation: false allegation falsa nsimulti |nis f allege argu |ere | |tus appeal s appellti |nis f; to allow an appeal appelltinem admitt |ere adms admissus; to disallow an appeal appelltinem improbre appeal intr (to) appellre (ad + acc) arrest apprehend |dere |d |sus assault s vs f (acc: vim; abl: v); to accuse s.o. of assault (and battery) aliquem d v (et man) accsre; to commit assault against vim faci |ere fc factus in (+ acc) assault tr vim faci |ere fc factus in (+ acc) attack see assault attorney cognitor |ris m (rx |rcis f); to appoint an attorney to s.o. cognitrem alicui adscrb |ere adscrps adscrptus bar: to serve at the bar in idicis versr; in for ag |ere g beat (with fists, clubs) (pugns, fstibus) caed |ere cecd caesus; to beat up concd |ere | concsus blame s culpa |ae f blame tr culpre; I am to blame in culp sum; to blame s.o. for aliquem culpre ob (+ acc) bludgeon s fstis |is m bludgeon tr fste (or fstibus) concd |ere concd concsus; to bludgeon to death fstigre break into a home doms pariets perfodi |ere perfd perfssus breaking and entering, break-in effrctra |ae f bribe tr corrump |ere corrp corruptus bribe s pretium | n

194

Conversational Latin aliquem mults crminibus fraudis convincere conviction (for) condemnti |nis f (+ gen of the charge) counselor irispertus | m (a |ae f) count crmen |inis n court idicium | n; court of appeal idicium appelltrium; to hold court is dc |ere dx dictus; to take s.o. to court aliquem in idicium addc |ere addx adductus or vocre courthouse basilica |ae f; Julian courthouse basilica Ilia (begun by Julius Caesar in 54 B.C.) crime facinus |oris n, scelus |eris n, crmen |inis n (more often means merely the charge) custody custdia |ae f; to be held in custody in custdi habeor |r habitus sum; to take into custody in custdiam trd |dere |did |ditus death: to condemn s.o. to death aliquem capitis damnre; to put s.o. to death supplicium capitis d aliqu sm |ere smps smptus death sentence: to receive the death sentence capitis damnr death penalty supplicium | n capitis defend s.o. causam alicius dfend |ere | defendant reus | m, rea |ae f defense lawyer dfnsor |ris m (trx |trcis f) deprive: to deprive s.o. of aliquem prvre (+ abl) detective inqustor |ris m (rx |rcis f) divorce tr dvortium facere cum (+ abl) divorce s dvortium | n; to seek a divorce dvortium pet |ere |v |tus

bribery corruptla |ae f; influenced by bribery corruptus |a |um burglar effrctor |ris m (rx |rcis f), perfossor |ris m (trx |trcis f); to commit a burglary pariets perfodi |ere perfd perfssus burglary (doms) latrcinium | n capital punishment supplicium | n capitis; to suffer capital punishment supplici capitis afficior affic affectus sum case causa |ae f, ls, ltis f; civil case causa prvta; criminal case causa pblica; to lose a case causam perd |dere |did; to plead a case causam ag |ere g or dc |ere dx; to settle a case (out of court) ltem compn |ere composu compositus; to win a case caus (or idici) vinc |ere vc victus character witness advoctus | m (a |ae f) charge s crmen |inis n; capital charge capitle crmen; false charge calumnia |ae f; to bring or file charges against s.o. crmina alicui nfer nferre intul illtus charge tr to charge s.o. with a crime aliquem crmine (or d crmine or crminis) argu |ere | chief of police praefectus | m vigilum civil rights ira |ium npl cvlia; to deprive s.o. of civil rights aliquem capite dminu |uere |u |tus client clins |entis mf commit (a crime) (scelus) committ |ere comms commissus condemn condemnre convict convinc |ere convc convictus (w. acc. of the person and w. gen of the charge); convicted of manifestus |a (+ gen); to convict s.o. on many counts of fraud

Chapter XXII: Law and Criminal Justice embezzlement pecltus |s m enforce the law lgem exerce |re |u |itus evidence testimnium | n; on what evidence will you convict me? qu m teste convincs?; this evidence is not admissible hoc testimnium nn smendum est; to give evidence against s.o. testimnium dc |ere dx in aliquem; to turn states evidence indicium profiteor |r professus sum extortion violenta excti |nis f pecnirum eyewitness ocultus (a) testis |is mf fair aequus |a |um falsely fals fault culpa |ae f; to be at fault in culp esse; to not be at fault extr culpam esse fine s.o. multre aliquem (+ abl of the fine) fraud fraus |dis f gang manus |s f gangster, gang member praed |nis m greglis guard s custdirius | m (a |ae f) guard tr custdi |re |v or |i |tus guilty reus |a |um, sns |tis; guilty of noxius |a |um (+ abl or gen); the guilty one sns |tis mf; to be found guilty noxius idicr; to be guilty in culp esse; to punish the guilty poenam d sontibus exig |ere exg exctus handcuff tr manics inici |ere inic iniectus (+ dat) handcuffs manicae |rum fpl haul off to prison rapi |ere |u |tus in carcerem

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hearing cogniti |nis f; to hold a hearing cognitinem habe |re |u |itus homicide homicdium | n hoodlum grasstor |ris m house arrest custdia |ae f lbera hung jury: to be acquitted by a hung jury sententis paribus absolvor | absoltus sum impartial incorruptus |a |um et integer |gra |grum indict s.o. aliquem reum (-am) faci |ere fc factus informant index |icis mf innocent innocns |entis interrogate interrogre investigate investgre investigator investgtor |ris m (rx |rcis f) jail carcer |eris m jailer custdirius | m (a |ae f) judge idex |icis mf; to sit as judge (hold court) is dc |ere dx judicial idicilis |is |e; judicial system rati |nis f idicilis juror idex |icis mf jury cnsilium | n; idics |um mpl just istus |a |um justice istitia |ae f justly ist law lx, lgis f; (denoting the entire body of law) is, iris n; against the law contr is; (against a specific law) contr lgem; by law lge; in accordance with the law secundum lgem; to break the law lgem violre lawsuit ls |tis f; to bring (or file) a lawsuit against s.o. ltem alicui intend |ere |

196

Conversational Latin police officer vigil |ilis mf preside at a trial idici praesum |esse |fu, is dc |ere dx dictus presiding judge quaestor |ris m (rx |rcis f) prison carcer |eris m; to throw s.o. into prison aliquem in carcerem conici |ere conic coniectus prosecute s.o. aliquem idici persequor | persectus sum prosecutor accstor |ris m, accstrx |cis f punish pni |re |v |tus; poen affici |ere affc affectus punishment for crimes poena |ae f facinorum rape stuprum | n per vim rape tr per vim stuprre, stupr violre rapist stuprtor |ris m rebut dissolv |ere | dissoltus rebuttal dissolti |nis f refute dissolv |ere | dissoltus rob rapi |ere |u |tus; to rob s.o. of aliquem spolire (+ abl) robber latr |nis m; (house breaker) perfossor |ris m robbery latrcinium | n safe (from) ttus |a |um (ab + abl); safe and sound salvus |a |um et snus |a |um; safe from danger ttus percul scot-free: to get off scot-free impuntus (-a) dmittor | dmissus (-a) sum serve a summons on diem dare (+ dat) steal fror |r |tus sum; clep |ere |s |tus; toll |ere sustul subltus stool pigeon index |icis mf sue s.o. ltem alicui nfer nferre intul illtus

lawyer iriscnsultus | m (a |ae f); (trial lawyer) causidicus | m (a |ae f); (for the defense) advoctus | m (a |ae f) legal lgitimus |a |um, secundum lgem or lgs legally lgitim, lge life imprisonment: give s.o. life imprisonment aliquem damnre carcer quoad vvat lock up (in prison) in carcerem comping |ere | compg compctus look-out index |icis mf murder s nex, necis f (passive in sense while caeds is active in sense); (by hacking or striking) caeds |is f, occsi |nis f murder tr (by wicked and cruel means) necre; (violently and ruthlessly) trcdre; (by hacking or striking) caed |ere cecd caesus murderer nector |ris m, homicda |ae mf; (of a father, mother, or near relative) parricda |ae mf murderess nectrx |cis f notorious ntus |a |um, nfmis |is |e offenses dlicta |rum npl officer vigil |ilis mf pardon venia |ae f; to grant s.o. a pardon veniam alicui d dare ded; to obtain pardon veniam impetrre penalty poena |ae f; to pay the penalty poens persolv |ere |, poens d dare ded datus perjure oneself pierre perjury peririum | n; to commit perjury pierre personal injury iniria |e f plaintiff pettor |ris m (rx |rcis f) plead a case before the court causam pr tribnl ag |ere g ctus

Chapter XXII: Law and Criminal Justice suffer punishment poens fer ferre tul ltus suit cti |nis f; to bring a suit against s.o. ctinem alicui intend |dere |d suspect suspectus | m, suspecta |ae f theft frtum | n testify testor |r |tus sum thief fr, fris mf throw the book at s.o. summ ire cum aliqu ag agere g ctus [lit: to deal with s.o. with the utmost (rigor of the) law] treason prditi |nis f trial quaesti |nis f, idicium | n; to bring to trial in idicium addc |ere addx adductus; to conduct a trial quaestinem exerce |re |u |itus; to be on trial for idicium d (+ abl) sube |re |v or |i; to be

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on trial for ones life idicium d capite subre; to go on trial in is e re i or v trial lawyer ctor |ris m (rx |rcis f) causrum, causidicus | m (a |ae f) try: to try a case (of) causam cognsc |ere cognv cognitus (d + abl) verdict sententia |ae f; to give a verdict of acquittal absoltriam sententiam fer ferre tul ltus; to give a guilty verdict condemntriam sententiam ferre unanimously omnibus sententis witness testis |is mf (for pr + abl; against in + acc); to be called as a witness contestr; to come or step forward as a witness testis prde prdre prdi; trustworthy witness testis locupls |tis

Chapter XXIII: Geography and Topography

CONVERSATIONS ___________________________________
LEVEL I Colinus

Colin wants to migrate to the U.S.

Colin: Hello, Gregory. I intend to emigrate from Ireland to America. Can you tell me something about America? Gregory: Gladly. First, America is much bigger than Ireland. Is that so? What are the dimensions of the United States? The east coast is as far distant from the west coast as is Ireland from the United States.

Salv, Gregr. Ego in anim habe mox ex Hiberni in Americam migrre. Potesne nrrre mihi aliquid d Americ? Libenter. Prm, America est mult amplior quam Hibernia. Itane est? Quae sunt mnsrae Cvittum Foedertrum Americae? ra maritima orientlis tantum abest ab r occidentl quantum Hibernia abest Cvittibus Foederts Americae. Incrdibile est! Estne Novum Eborcum caput Cvittum Foedertrum Americae? Novum Eborcum est urbs Americae amplissima, sed, mrbile dict, nn est caput. Quae urbs est caput? Vashintonia est caput Cvittum Foedertrum Americae. America ex quot cvittibus cnstat? Sunt duodqunqugint cvitts in continente, praeter Alascam et Havais.

Gregrius Colinus

Gregrius

Colinus

Thats incredible. Is New York the capital of the United States? New York is the biggest city in America, but, strange to say, it is not the capital. What city is the capital? Washington is the capital of the United States. Of how many states does America consist? There are forty-eight states on the mainland, in addition to Alaska and Hawaii.

Gregrius

Colinus Gregrius Colinus Gregrius

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Chapter XXIII: Geography and Topography Colinus Gregrius Ubi est Alasca? Where is Alaska?

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Est supr Canadam, quae attingit It is north of Canada, which Cvitts Foederts Americae borders the United States on the septentrine. north. Ubi sunt Havai? Havai sunt celebrits nsulrum longissim ante ram Californiae. Quae est urbs optima in qu ego cum famili habitem? Where is Hawaii? Hawaii is a cluster of islands a very long way off the coast of California. What is the best city for me and family to live in?

Colinus Gregrius

Colinus Gregrius

Est difficillimum dict. Urbs enim Thats very hard to say. Every quaeque sus virtts habet. city, you see, has its good points.

LEVEL II Renta Magistra Renta Magistra

Rene wants to learn about the Tiber.

Rene: Which river flows by Rome? Teacher: The Tiber, whose old name was the Albula. Where does the Tiber River rise? Its source is in the Apennines between Etruria on the west side and Umbria on the east side. Is the Tiber a very wide river? Its width varies, of course. As it flows down from the Apennines, it is narrow at first. But as tributaries flow into it, the Tiber increases in width. Does the Tiber flow in a straight line? No. As you know, Italy is rugged and mountainous in the interior and so the Tiber arrives at Rome along a winding course.

Quid flmen adluit Rmam? Tiberis, cu vetus nmen erat Albula. Unde oritur Tiberis flmen? Fns eius est in Apennn monte inter Etrriam ab occidente et Umbriam ab oriente. Estne Tiberis flmen ltissimum? Ltitd eius sclicet varia est. Ut ex Apennno monte prfluit, prm angustus est. Sed ut fluvi in eum nfluunt, Tiberis ltitdine augtur. Ferturne Tiberis per drctum? Minim. Ut scs, talia intus est aspera et montna; itaque Tiberis curs meante Rmam pervenit.

Renta Magistra

Renta Magistra

200 Renta Magistra

Conversational Latin Eratne Tiberis flmen nvigbile aette Rmn? Ita, sed supr Rmam ratibus tantum nvigbilis erat. Inter Rmam autem et stium omnibus nvibus nvigbilis erat. Qu longitdine est Tiberis? Circiter centum qunqugint mlia passuum. Quantum abest Rma Tiberis sti? Was the Tiber a navigable river in Roman times? Yes, but north of Rome it was navigable only to rafts. But between Rome and its mouth the Tiber was navigable to all ships. What is the length of the Tiber? Around one hundred fifty miles. How far is Rome from the mouth of the Tiber?

Renta Magistra Renta Magistra

Circiter qundecim mlia passuum About fifteen miles. There it distat. Ibi in mare Tyrrhnum s empties into the Tyrrhenian effundit. Sea. Quae gns supr Tiberim habitbat? What nation lived north of the Tiber?

Renta Magistra Renta Magistra

Etrusc, qurum prnceps urbs erat The Etruscans, whose chief city Vi. was Veii. Estne Rma clvsa an plna? Rma est quidem clvsa; complectitur ills incluts septem monts. Urbs apposita est flexu flminis. Quis mns est proximus Tiber? Mns Aventnus est proximus; sed mns Pltnus est item prope flmen. Utinam aliquand aspiciam Tiberim! Aspicis. Is Rome hilly or flat? Rome is indeed hilly; it takes in the famous seven hills. The city is located at the bend in the river. Which hill is closest to the Tiber? The Aventine is closest; but the Palatine Hill is likewise close to the river. How I wish to see the Tiber someday! You will.

Renta Magistra

Renta Magistra

Chapter XXIII: Geography and Topography LEVEL III Galfridus

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Traveling from Rome to Greece.

Jeffrey: Teacher, by what way did the Romans in antiquity travel to Greece? Teacher: In Italy itself, the Via Appia leads from the Porta Capena in a straight line to the Alban Mount, then through the Pomptine marshes to the city of Capua. Is Capua in Latium or in Campania? Capua is, in fact, the principal city of Campania. How far is Rome from Capua? Its a little more than a hundred and twenty miles, as the crow flies. Then the road leads past Beneventum in the interior across the Apennines to the harbor at Brindisi. Does the Apennine Range extend to the southern regions of Italy? Yes. The Apennines, the largest (mountains) of Italy, extend in an unbroken chain from the Alps to the Strait of Messina. Does the Via Appia end at the harbor? Yes. Even today two high columns in front of the harbor mark the end of the Via Appia. Did the Romans sail in a direct line to the Gulf of Corinth? No. You see, the passage across the Adriatic Sea was shortest between Brindisi and Apollonia in Illyria.

Magister, qu vi Rmn antquitus in Graeciam iter facibant? In tali ips, via Appia port Capn dcit rct ad montem Albnum, deinde per paldem Pomptnam ad urbem Capuam.

Magister

Galfridus Magister Galfridus Magister

Estne Capua in Lati an in Campni? Capua est profect prnceps urbs Campniae. Quantum Rma abest Capu? Abest paul amplius quam centum et vgint mlia passuum, mnsr currente. Deinde via dcit praeter Beneventum in mediterrne trns montem Apennnum ad portum apud Brundisium. Tenditne mns Apennnus ad merdins regins taliae? Ita. Mns Apennnus, taliae amplissimus, tendit perpetus iugs ab Alpibus ad Siculum frtum. Nnne fntur via Appia ad portum? Ita. Etiamnum duae columnae altae ante portum indicant fnem Viae Appiae. Nvigbantne Rmn per drctum ad sinum Corinthiacum? Nn. Nam trnsitus trns Hadriticum mare erat brevissimus inter Brundisium et Apollniam, quae in Illyric est.

Galfridus Magister

Galfridus Magister

Galfridus

Magister

202 Galfridus Magister

Conversational Latin Vitrs deinde terrn itinere Athns petbant? Prm nvigbant in merdiem versus, secundum ram Illyric; deinde intrbant sinum Corinthiacum. Postrm vehbantur terrn itinere per isthmum in Atticam et Athns. Did the travelers then head overland for Athens? First they sailed southward close to the shore of Illyria; then they entered the Gulf of Corinth. Finally, they traveled overland along the isthmus to Attica and Athens.

TOPICAL VOCABULARY______________________________
about (approximately) circiter, ferm accommodations hospitium | n across trns (+ acc); across from ex advers (+ gen), exadversum (+ acc) adjacent to conterminus |a |um (+ dat) adjoin adiungor | adinctus sum (+ dat) adjoining inctus |a |um; adjoining nations inctae ntins Adriatic Hadriticus |a |um; the Adriatic Hadriticum mare |is n Africa frica |ae f along per (+ acc), secundum (+ acc) Alps Alps |ium fpl Alpine Alpnus |a |um; Alpine chain lpium iuga |rum npl America America |ae f; North America America Septentrinlis; South America America Merdina American Americnus |a |um Apennines, Apennine Range Apennnus mns |tis m Appian Way via |ae f Appia area tractus |s m Asia Asia |ae f at apud (+ acc) Atlantic Atlanticus |a |um; Atlantic Ocean Atlanticus ceanus | m, Atlanticum mare |is n Athens Athnae |rum fpl Attica Attica |ae f bank rpa |ae f; the Tiber having overflowed its banks Tiberis super rps effsus bay sinus |s m, recessus |s m before (in front of) ante (+ acc) begin at incipi |ere incp ab (+ abl) Beneventum Beneventum | n big amplus |a |um behind (in the rear of) terg (+ gen) bend s (of a river) flexus |s m bend intr s flect |ere flex flexus beyond ultr (+ acc) border on atting |ere (+ acc) border fnis |is m, confnium | n boundary fnis |is m; (dividing line) discrmen |inis n; at the boundary between Italy and Switzerland ad discrmen taliae et Helvtiae bounded: on the east it is bounded by ab oriente clauditur (+ abl) breadth ltitd |inis f; in breadth ltitdine, in ltitdinem Brindisi Brundisium | n brook rvulus | m business district emporium | n

Chapter XXIII: Geography and Topography called dictus, appelltus, vocittus, voctus, nuncuptus |a |um Campania Campnia |ae f canal fossa |ae f Capua Capua |ae f cape prmontrium | n capital caput |itis n cave specus |s m cavern splunca |ae f causeway pedestris trnsitus-s m chain: the Apennines extending in an unbroken chain from the Alps to Apennnus mns perpetus iugs ab Alpibus tendns ad (+ acc) circumference circuitus |s m; its crater measures 500 feet in circumference eius crtr patet circuit qungents peds city urbs |is f climate caelum | n cluster (of islands, etc.) celebrits |tis f coast ra |ae f (maritima); on the coast in r (maritim) confluence cnfluns |entis m; at the confluence of the Tiber and the Anio inter cnfluents Tiberim et Aninem course cursus |s m; along a winding course meante curs continent pars |tis f mund (or orbis terrrum) Corinth Corinthus | f; gulf of Corinth sinus |s m Corinthiacus (or Corinthius) crater crtr |ris m creek rvus | m crest (of a hill) iugum | n crossing (passage) trnsitus |s m crow: as the crow flies mnsr currente [lit: in a running measurement]

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current flmen |inis n (in the sense of the flow); against the current advers flmine; strong current vs f (no gen; acc: vim; abl: v) flminis; with the current scund flmine curve (in a road, coast) nfrctus |s m Danube river Danvius amnis |is m densely populated region rgi uberrimae multitdinis desert dserta |rum npl dimensions mnsra |ae f or mnsrae |rum fpl directly rct, per drctum distance spatium | n; its distance from the sea is three miles abest mar tria mlia passuum distant longinquus |a |um; to be distant from abesse ab (+ abl), distre ab (+ abl) district tractus |s m, ager |r m dotted: the river is dotted with towns on the right and left bank amnis accolitur (or frequenttur) dextr laevque crbrs oppids earthquake terrae motus |s m east orins |entis m; on the east (side) ab oriente; to the east in orientem versus (versus is an adverb) eastern orientlis |is |e eastward in orientem versus (versus is an adverb) empty (into) s effund |ere effd effsus end s fnis |is m end intr dsin |ere, fnior |r estuary aesturium | n Etruria Etrria |ae f

204 Europe Eurpa |ae f

Conversational Latin how: how far is from quantum distat (or abest) ab (+ abl) Illyria Illyricum | n increase tr auge |re aux auctus intr augeor |r auctus sum inland adv intus; towns inland from Tarentum oppida per continentem Tarent inland adj interior |or |us; inland seas maria |ium npl interira interior s: in the interior in mediterrne, intus; toward the interior intus interior adj interior |or |us Ireland Hibernia |ae f island nsula |ae f; islands off the coast of Greece nsulae ante Graeciam isthmus isthmus | m (f) Italy talia |ae f jut out see project lagoon stgnum | n lake lacus |s m land terra |ae f lead (of a road) dc |ere dx ductus left sinister |ra |rum, laevus |a |um; on the left laev, laev; (to the) left sinistrrsum, laevrsum length longitd |inis f; in length longitdine, in longitdinem lengthwise per longitdinem lie iace |re |u; to lie in the direction of verg |ere ad (+ acc) line lnea |ae f; in a straight line per drctum live (dwell) habitre; to live near, (in the case of a river) to live on the banks of accol |ere |u accultum long longus |a |um; fifteen miles long qundecim mlia passuum (often written: p.) in longitdinem or

European Eurpaeus |a |um extend (of land, body of water) tend |ere, prtend |ere, pate |re; the region extends from to regi tendit ab (+ abl) ad (+ acc); to extend over (to cover) obtine |re face spectre; to face north (south, east, west) spectre in (or ad) septentrins (merdiem, orientem, occidentem) famous for inclutus, nbilis (+ abl) far long; farthest to the south longissim in merdiem; (not) far from (haud) procul ab (+ abl) field ager |r m flat plnus |a |um flow flu |ere flx flxus; to flow by adlu, adluere; to flow down from dfluere d (+ abl); to flow into nfluere in (+ acc); to flow out from effluere ab (+ abl); to flow past praefluere (+ acc), praeterfluere (+ acc) foot of a mountain rdx |cis m montis; at the foot of the mountain rdce montis foothills rdcs |um mpl montis forest silva |ae f formerly ante front: in front of ante (+ acc) frontier fnis |is m, terminus | m geography gegraphia |ae f Gibraltar Calp |s f; strait of Gibraltar Gdtnum frtum | n Greece Graecia |ae f gulf sinus |s m harbor portus |s m head for pet |ere petv pettus hill collis |is m hilly clvsus |a |um

Chapter XXIII: Geography and Topography qundecim mlia passuum in longitdinem patns mainland continns |entis f map of the world orbis |is m terrrum pctus meander mere measure pate |re, collig |ere; measuring ten miles in circumference patns (or colligns) decem mlia passuum circuit Mediterranean Sea Internum mare |is n, Tuscum mare, Tyrrhnum mare mine metallum | n; gold (lead, iron, copper, silver, tin) mine metallum aur (plumb, ferr, aeris, argent, plumb alb) moderate: of moderate size modicus |a |um mountain mns |tis m mountain chain monts |ium mpl perpetu mountainous montusus |a |um, montnus |a |um mouth (of a river) stium | n narrow angustus |a |um nation gns |tis f navigable nvigbilis |is |e near vcnus |a |um (+ dat), prope (+ acc) next adv proxim; next comes, then then after that unde dein dein inde next to proximus |a |um (+ dat), iuxt (+ acc) north adj superior |ior |ius, septentrinlis |is |e north adv ad septentrins; north of supr (+ acc), super (+ acc) north s septentri |nis m or septentrins |um mpl; on the

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north septentrine; on the north (side) latere septentrinl northern septentrinlis |is |e northward in septentrins versus (versus is an adverb) ocean ceanus | m; the Atlantic Ocean ceanus Atlanticus or mare Atlanticum off (said of an island) ante (+ acc), apud (+ acc); off (the coast of) Italy ante taliam opposite prep versus (+ acc) (often postpositive), adversum (+ acc), contr (+ acc); opposite of ex advers or exadvers (+ gen) pass (defile) saltus |s m past praeter (+ acc) peninsula paennsula |ae f plain campus | m; open plains camp patents Pomptine Marshes pals |dis f Pomptna pond stgnum | n pool stgnum | n population multitd |inis f; the total number of the population numerus | m omnis multitdinis port portus |s m previously ante principal (chief) prnceps |ipis productivity (of fields, mines, etc.) fertilits |tis f project (of a promontory or cape) excurr |ere; to project far out into the sea excurrere long in mare race gns |tis f raft ratis |is f rapids vadum | n candicns reach (arrive at) perveni |re ad or in (+ acc)

206 region regi |nis f ridge iugum | n

Conversational Latin size magnitd |inis f, amplitd |inis f slope s clvus | m; steep (gentle) slope arduus (lnis) clvus slope intr verg |ere; sloping toward the sea vergns ad mare source fns |tis m south adj nferior |ior |ius, merdinus |a |um; on the south side latere merdin south adv ad merdiem; south of infr (+ acc) south s merdis | m, merdinum | n; in the south merdi southern s merdinus |a |um, nferior |ior |ius southward in merdiem versus (versus is an adverb) spring fns |tis m state status |s m, cvits |tis f strait frtum | n; Strait of Messina frtum Siculum stream rvus | m stretch see extend suburb suburbium | n; suburbs continentia |ium npl summit cacmen |inis n swamp pals |dis f then (next) dein, inde; (at that time) tum Tiber Tiberis |is m; (acc: Tiberim) tide aestus |s m topography locrum dscrpti |nis f town oppidum | n; small town oppidulum | n travel iter faci |ere fc factus; (by sea) (nve) vehor | vectus sum tributary fluvius | m Tyrrhenian Sea Tyrrhnicum mare |is n, Tyrr(h)num mare

right dexter |(e)ra |(e)rum; on the right dextr, dexter; (to the) right dextrrsum; to turn right dextrrsum s vertere rise (of a mountain) surg |ere; (of several mountains) cnsurgere; (of a river, have its source) (ex)orior (ex)orr; the Tiber rising in the Apennines Tiberis monte Apennn (ex)orins river flmen |inis n, amnis |is m (with no distinction as to size) river bed alveus | m Roman Rmnus |a |um Rome Rma |ae f (often referred to simply as urbs) rugged asper |era |erum sail nvigre, (nve) vehor veh vectus sum sea mare |is n seacoast ra |ae f maritima, ltus |oris n seashore acta |ae f separate sparre, discern |ere, distingu |ere; it is separated from Gaul by the Rhine River discernitur (or distinguitur or spartur) Galli amne Rhn shallow tenuis |is |e short brevis |is |e side latus |eris n; on the other side of ultr (+ acc); on the right (side) of latere dextr (+ gen); on this side of cis or citr (+ acc) site situs |s m, locus | m (pl: loca |rum npl) situated on, near appositus |a |um (+ dat); to be situated on a hill nsd |ere collem

Chapter XXIII: Geography and Topography Umbria Umbria |ae f United States (of America) nt Stats |uum mpl (Americae), Cvitts Foedertae Americae fpl universe niversum | n, niversits |tis f valley valls |is f Veii Vi |rum mpl village vcus | m west occidns |entis m; in the west ab occidente; to the west in occidentem versus (versus is an adverb) western occidentlis |is |e

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westward in occidentem versus (versus is an adverb) widen intr (of a country) s pand |ere width ltitd |inis f; in width ltitdine, in ltitdinem winding flexusus |a |um; winding route ambitus |s m world mundus | m, orbis |is m terrrum

THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA _____________________

nt Stats Americae/Cvitts Foedertae Americae
[NoteThe name of each State is given, followed by the name of its capital (cap), sometimes another large city or two, the adjective form and the substantive (s) for the inhabitant of the State.] Alabama Alabma |ae f; (cap) Montgomery Mns |tis m Gomeric; Mobile Mbilis |is f; adj Alabmnsis |is |e Alabaman s Alabmnsis |is (gen pl: |ium) mf Alaska Alasca |ae f; (cap) Juneau Iunellum | n; Anchorage Ancorria |ae f; adj Alascnus |a |um Alaskan s Alascnus | m (a |ae f) Arizona Arizna |ae f; (cap) Phoenix Phoenix |icis f; adj Ariznnsis |is |e Arizonan s Ariznnsis |is (gen pl: |ium) mf Arkansas Arcnsia |ae f; (cap) Little Rock Petricula |ae f; adj Arcnsinsis |is |e Arkansan s Arcnsinsis |is (gen pl: |ium) mf California California |ae f; (cap) Sacramento Sacrmentum | n; Los Angeles Angelopolis |is f; Hollywood criflirum Silva |ae f; San Diego Didacopolis |is f; San Francisco Franciscopolis |is f; adj Californinsis |is |e Californian s Californinsis |is (gen pl: |ium) mf Colorado Colrtum | n; (cap) Denver Denverium | n; Durango Drangum | n; adj Colrtnsis |is |e Coloradan s Colrtnsis |is (gen pl: |ium) mf Connecticut Connecticta |ae f; (cap) Hartford Hardifordia |ae f; adj Connectictnsis |is |e; s Connectictnsis |is (gen pl: |ium) mf Delaware Delevria |ae f; (cap) Dover Dubris |is f; adj Delavarinus |a |um

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Conversational Latin Lexington Lexintnia |ae f; adj Kentukinus |a |um Kentuckian s Kentukinus | m (a |ae f) Louisiana Ludovcina |ae f; (cap) Baton Rouge Rubrobastum | n; New Orleans Nova Aurlia |ae f; adj Ludovcinnsis |is |e Louisianan s Ludovcinnsis |is mf Maine Cenomannica |ae f; (cap) Augusta Augusta |ae f; adj Cenomannsis |is |e Mainer s Cenomannicus | m (a |ae f) Maryland Terra |ae f Marae; (cap) Annapolis Annpolis |is f; Baltimore Baltimra |ae f; adj (use genitive Terrae Marae) Massachusetts Massaciusseta |ae f; (cap) Boston Bostnia |ae f; adj Massaciusetnus |a |um; s Massaciussetnus | m (a |ae f) Michigan Michigania |ae f; (cap) Lansing Lnsinga |ae f; Detroit Detroitum n; adj Michigannsis |is |e Michigander Michigannss |is (gen pl: |ium) mf Minnesota Minnesta |ae f; (cap) St. Paul Paulopolis |is f; Minneapolis Minnepolis |is f; adj Minnestnus |a |um Minnesotan s Minnestnus | m (a |ae f) Mississippi Mississippia |ae f; (cap) Jackson Iacsnia |ae f; adj Mississippinus |a |um Mississippian s Mississippinus | m (a |ae f) Missouri Missria |ae f; (cap) Jefferson City Ieffersnia |ae f; adj Missrinus |a |um Missourian s Missrinus | (a |ae f)

Delawarean s Delevrinus | m (a |ae f) Florida Flrida |ae f; (cap) Tallahassee Tellahassia |ae f; Miami Miamia |ae f; Palm Beach ra |ae f Palmaria; adj Flridinus |a |um Floridian s Flridinus | m (a |ae f) Georgia Georgia |ae f; (cap) Atlanta Atlanta |ae f; Athens Athnae |rum fpl; Savannah Savanna |ae f; adj Georginus |a | um Georgian s Georginus | m (a |ae f) Hawaii Havai |rum mpl; (cap) Honolulu Honollum | n; Pearl Harbor Portus |s m Margartrius Hawaiian adj Havainus |a |um; s Havainus | m (a |ae f) Idaho Idahum | n; (cap) Boise Xylopolis |is f; adj Idahnsis |is |e Idahoan s Idahnsis |is (gen pl: |ium) mf Illinois Illinoesia |ae f; (cap) Springfield Campifns |tis m; Chicago Chicgum | n; adj Illinoesinus |a |um Illinois s Illinoesinus | m (a |ae f) Indiana Indina |ae f; (cap) Indianapolis Indinpolis |is f; adj Indinnsis |is |e Indianian s Indinnsis |is mf Iowa Iova |ae f; (cap) Des Moines Monachopolis |is f; adj Iovnus |a |um Iowan s Iovnus | m (a |ae f) Kansas Cnsia |ae f; (cap) Topeka Topca |ae f; Kansas City Cnsiopolis |is f; adj Cnsinus |a |um Kansan s Cnsinus | m (a |ae f) Kentucky Kentukia |ae f; (cap) Frankfort Francofurtum | n;

Chapter XXIII: Geography and Topography Montana Montna |ae f; (cap) Helena Helenopolis |is f; adj Montninus |a |um Montanan s Montninus | m (a |ae f) Nebraska Nebrasca |ae f; (cap) Lincoln Lincolnia |ae f; adj Nebrascnus |a |um Nebraskan s Nebrascnus | m (a |ae f) Nevada Nivta |ae f; (cap) Carson City Carsnia |ae f; Reno Rnum | n; adj Nivtnsis |is |e Nevadan s Nivtnsis |is (gen pl: |ium) mf New Hampshire Nova Hantescra |ae f; (cap) Concord Concordia |ae f; adj Novohantescirnus |a |um; s Novohantescirnus | m (a |ae f) New Jersey Nova Caesara |ae f; (cap) Trenton Trentnia |ae f; Newark Nova Arca |ae f; adj Novocaesarinsis |is |e New Jerseyite s Novocaesarinsis |is mf New Mexico Novum Mexicum | n; (comp) Santa Fe Fidepolis |is f; adj Novomexicnus |a |um New Mexican s Novomexicnus | m (a |ae f) New York (state) Novum Eborcum | n; (cap) Albany Albanum | n; Rochester Rucupae |rum fpl; Buffalo Bufalum | n; adj NeoEborcnsis |is |e New York (city) Novum Eborcum | n; Bronx Bronxia |ae f; Brooklyn Bruclinum | n; Long Island Longa Insula |ae f; Manhattan Manhattanum | n New Yorker s Neo-Eborcnsis |is mf North Carolina Carolna |ae Septentrinlis |is f; (cap) Raleigh Raleia |ae f; adj Carolnnsis Septentrinlis |is |e

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North Carolinian s Carolnnsis |is mf Septentrinlis North Dakota Dacta |ae Septentrinlis |is f; (cap) Bismark Bismarcopolis |is f North Dakotan Dactnus | m (a |ae f) Septentrinlis Ohio Ohum | n; (cap) Columbus Columbopolis |is f; Cincinnati Cincinntopolis |is f; adj Ohinsis |is |e Ohioan s Ohinsis |is (gen pl: |ium) mf Oklahoma Oclahma |ae f; (cap) Oklahoma City Oclahma |ae Urbs |is f; adj Oclahmnsis |is |e Oklahoman s Oclahmnsis |is (gen pl: |ium) mf Oregon Oregnia |ae f; (cap) Salem Salem indecl n; adj Oregninsis |is |e Oregonian s Oregninsis |is (gen pl: |ium); mf Pennsylvania Pennsilvnia |ae f; (cap) Harrisburg Harrisburgum | n; Philadelphia Philadelphia |ae f; Pittsburgh Pittsburgum | n; adj Pennsilvninsis |is |e Pennsylvanian s Pennsilvninsis |is (gen pl: |ium) mf Rhode Island Rhodnsis |is Insula |ae f; (cap) Providence Prvidentia |ae f; adj Rhodnsis |is Rhode Islander s Rhodnsis |is (gen pl: |ium) mf South Carolina Carolna |ae Merdinlis |is f; (cap) Columbia Columbia |ae f; adj Carolnnsis |is |e South Carolinian s Carolnnsis |is (gen pl: |ium) mf Merdinlis

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Conversational Latin Virginia Virginia |ae f; (cap) Richmond Ricmondia |ae f; adj Virgininsis |is |e Virginian s Virgininsis |is (gen pl: |ium) mf Washington Vashintnia |ae f; (cap) Olympia Olympia |ae f; adj Vashintniensis |is |e Washingtonian Vashintninsis |is (gen pl: |ium) mf West Virginia Virginia |ae f Occidentlis; (cap) Charleston Carolopolis |is f West Virginian Virgininsis |is (gen pl: |ium) mf Occidentlis Wisconsin Visconsinia |ae f; (cap) Madison Madisonia |e n; adj Visconsinus |a |um Wisconsinite Visconsinus | m (a |ae f) Wyoming Vyomina |ae f; Casper Casperia |ae f; Cheyenne Cheyenna |ae f; adj Vyominnus |a |um Wyomingite Vyominnus | m (a |ae f)

South Dakota Dacta |ae Merdinlis |is f; (cap) Pierre Petropolis |is f; adj Dactnus |a |um South Dakotan s Dactnus | m (a |ae f) Merdinlis |is Tennessee Tennesia |ae f; (cap) Nashville Nasburgum | n; adj Tennesinus |a |um Tennesseean s Tennesinus | m (a |ae f) Texas Texi |ae f; (cap) Austin Austinopolis |is f; Dallas Dallasium | n; Houston Hustopolis |is f; adj Texinus |a |um Texan s Texs | m (a |ae f) Utah ta |ae f; (cap) Salt Lake City Urbs |is f Lacs Sals; adj tnsis |is |e Utahan s tnsis |is m (gen pl -ium) mf Vermont Mns |tis m Viridis ; (cap) Montpelier Mns |tis m Pessulnus adj (use genitive Montis Viridis)

Chapter XXIV: Travel

CONVERSATIONS ___________________________________
LEVEL I Dina

At the New York train station.

Diane: Hello! Id like to buy a first-class ticket. Ticket agent: Where to, please? To California. Do you want a one-way ticket or a round-trip ticket? A round-trip ticket. At what time does the train depart? At eleven oclock. From which platform does the train depart? From platform 4, on track 10. Is it a through train? No. You will change trains at the Chicago station. What luggage do you have with you? One suitcase, a handbag, and a shoulder bag. The baggage check is over there near the waiting room. Are there porters available? Yes. They are standing there near the escalator. Are there a dining car and a pullman car on this train? Certainly.

Salv! Velim comparre tesseram itinerriam prmae classis.

Tesserrius Qu, quaes? Dina In Californiam.

Tesserrius Vsne tesseram unus curss an tesseram its reditsque? Dina Tesseram its reditsque. Quot hr trmen meum abscdit?

Tesserrius Hr ndecim. Dina quot crepdine trmen abscdit?

Tesserrius crepdine qurt, in orbit decim. Dina Estne trmen drctum?

Tesserrius Minim. Mtbis trmina in statine Chicgns. Qus sarcins tcum habs? Dina num riscum, nam bulgam, nam pram.

Tesserrius Crti sarcnrum est illc, iuxt oecum praestltrium. Dina Suntne biul in prompt?

Tesserrius Ita. Ill illc stant prope scls mbils. Dina Suntne currus cntrius et currus dormtrius in hc trmine? 211

Tesserrius Cert.

212 Dina

Conversational Latin Quam mox mihi licet trmen ferrivirium nscendere? How soon may I board the train? In twenty or at most thirty minutes. Here, take this train schedule. Thanks. How much is the ticket? $185.00. Heres the fare. Thanks. Have a good trip!

Tesserrius Vgint aut summum trgint mints. En, cape hoc hrrium trminum. Dina Grtis. Quant cnstat tessera itinerria?

Tesserrius Centum octgint qunque dollars. Dina Ecce vectram.

Tesserrius Grtis. Bene ambul! LEVEL II Rosa

At the airport.
Rose: Hello! Id like to buy a ticket to Vienna, Austria. Ticket agent: Did you make a reservation? I have not. Lucky for you, there are still some empty seats. Do you want a first-class seat? Of course. In what section of the plane do you want to sit? It makes no difference to me; but I want to sit near an exit if possible. Fine. I happen to have an empty seat in row fourteen. I prefer a window seat. Thats fine.

Salv! Velim tesseram itinerriam (ad urbem) Vindobonam in Austriam comparre.

Tesserrius Habsne sdem reservtam? Rosa Nn habe.

Tesserrius Contingit tibi ut aliquot sds vacuae restent. Optsne sdem prmae classis? Rosa Sn.

Tesserrius In qu parte roplan vs sedre? Rosa Me nl interest. Vol autem prope exitum sedre, s fier potest.

Tesserrius Prob. Habe forte vacuam sdem in rdine decim quart. Rosa Praefer sdem fenestrlem.

Tesserrius Bene hoc habet.

Chapter XXIV: Travel Rosa Nnne poter volre rct in Austriam? Can I fly directly to Austria?

213

Tesserrius Tibi volandum erit aut per Parsis aut Francofordiam. Rosa Mihi opus erit roplana mtre?

You will have to fly either by way of Paris or Frankfurt. Will I have to change planes? Yes, at either airport. At which airport is there the better connection? The layover at the Frankfurt airport is fairly short: two hours at most. Good. Ill take the flight by way of Frankfurt. Fine. May I take my hand luggage with me on the plane? You may. Just put it in the luggage rack over your seat. How much is the ticket? Heres your ticket. The price is $830.00. I dont have the cash. But heres my credit card. Thats fine. Thanks. So long.

Tesserrius Ita, apud utrumque roportum. Rosa Apud quem roportum est conincti melior?

Tesserrius Commorti apud rportum Francofordinsem est satis brevis: dus hrs summum. Rosa Bene. Capiam voltum per Francofordiam.

Tesserrius Prob. Rosa Licetne hanc sarcinulam manulem mcum in roplanum portre?

Tesserrius Licet tibi. Modo repne eam in retincul sarcinl supr sdem tuam. Rosa Qunt cnstat tessera?

Tesserrius Ecce tesseram tuam. Prtium est octingent trgint dollar. Rosa Praesentriam pecniam nn habe. Ecce autem meam tabellam trbtriam.

Tesserrius Bene est. Grtis. Bene val!

LEVEL III Uxor

Getting ready to go by car.

Wife: Hey, you, is our car still at the repair shop? As you well know, I have to go shopping today. Husband: No. Ive already fetched it from the repair shop.

Heus, t, estne autocntum nostrum adhc in officn repartri? Ut satis scs, mihi hodi obsnandum est. Minim. Ego id iam ex officn repartri petv.

Martus

214 Uxor Martus Uxor Martus Uxor

Conversational Latin Estne proinde iste currus tandem repartus? Ita, motrium rrsus in bon stat est. Et quid d cummes canths? Cumme canth iam mechanic opifice mttae sunt. D operam es rbus continu! Nn niversum diem habe quem absmam. That car, then, is finally repaired? Yes, the motor is in good shape again. And what about the tires? The mechanic has already changed the tires. See to those things immediately! I dont have all day to waste.

Martus

Db profect. Sed mement, I will all right. But remember that necesse habbimus cnsistere in we will have to stop at the statine benznri ad benznum service station to get gas. comparandum. Rrsus? Rrsus quidem! Benznum enim iam dficit. D immortls! Ecquand mihi erit locus obsnnd! Istuc autocntum est ingns molestia! (Scum) Et sc t quoque! Again? Yes, again! The gas, you see, is running low. Good heavens! When will I ever have a chance to shop? That car is a big pain in the neck! (To himself) And so are you!

Uxor Martus Uxor

Martus

Chapter XXIV: Travel

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TOPICAL VOCABULARY______________________________
accelerator accelertrum | n accident csus |s m; an accident happened on the way csus fortut vnit in itinere airbag erius follis |is m airline trmes |itis m erius airplane roplanum | n airport roportus |s m air pressure pressi |nis f eria aisle (of bus, plane, train) ambultiuncula |ae f ambulance autoarcera |ae f arrival adventus |s m arrival time tempus |oris n adveniend arrive adveni |re advn adventrus; arrive at perveni |re pervn ad or in (+ acc) automobile autoraeda |ae f, autocntum | n (used interchangeably) baggage cart chramaxium | n sarcinrum baggage check crti |nis f sarcinrum board nscend |ere | bicycle birota |ae f brake s sufflmen |inis n; to apply the brake rots sufflminre brake lights (autoraedae) lminria |ium npl postca bumper contus | m ttrius bus autoraeda |ae f longa, coenautocntum | n bypass circuitus |s m can vsculum | n stanneum car currus |s m, autoraeda |ae f; to climb into a car in currum or in autoraedam nscend |ere |; to drive a car currum or autoraedam gubernre or ag agere g ctus; to get (buy) a car currum or autoraedam comparre; to get into a car currum or autoraedam intrgredior |gred |gressus sum; to get out of the car d curr or autoraed gredior gred gressus sum; to go by (or in a) car curr or autoraed e re v or i; to go to town by car autoraed in urbem s confer |ferre |tul; to head for someplace in a car autoraed aliquem locum pet |ere |v |tus; to put the car into the garage autoraedam in receptcul collocre; to rent a car autoraedam condc |ere condx conductus; to ride in a car autoraed vehor veh vectus sum; to stop the car autoraedam sist sistere stit; to take a ride in a car gesttinem autoraed facere; to take s.o. by car aliquem autoraed dc |ere dx ductus; to take s.o. home in a car aliquem domum autoraed addcere; car door autoraedae stiolum | n; car key clavis |is accnsva |ae f carry (luggage) biulre car wash autocnt lavti |nis f; (place) autocnt lavtrium | n change (buses, trains, planes) mtre (autoraeds longs, trmina, roplana) check into a hotel nmen in tabuls dversri refer referre retul; check out of a hotel dversri discd |ere discss (post ratinem compnendam) check luggage sarcins mandre class: first-class seat sds |is f prmae classis; second-class seat sds |is f secundae classis; tourist-class seat sds |is f tristicae classis

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Conversational Latin fuel mteria |ae f prpulsria gallon gallon |nis m garage autocnt (autocntrum) receptculum | n; (repair garage) officna |ae f repartria gas benznum | n; to step on the gas accelerre gas pedal pedle |is n accelertinis gas pump antlia |ae f benznria gas station stati |nis f benznria gas tank immissrium | n benznrium gate (at airport) aditus |s m gearshift iuncti |nis f vlcittum get off (a bus, plane, ship, train) gredior gred gressus sum d (+ abl) get on (a bus, plane, ship, train) nscend |ere | in (+ acc) grease ung ungere nx nctus grease job ncti |nis f handbag bulga |ae f; (of leather and bigger than a bulga) vidulus | m hand luggage sarcinulae |rum fpl manuls hangar receptculum | n roplanrum headlight autoraedae lminre |is n; to turn on (turn off) the bright (dim) lights lminria praecandentia (candentia) accend |ere | (exstingu |ere exstnx) helicopter helicopterum | n; to be taken by helicopter to per helicopterum trnsvehor |veh |vectus sum; to fly a helicopter helicopterum gubernre; to fly in a helicopter helicopter vehor veh vectus sum highway via |ae f autocntica hood ploxenum | n

clutch pedle |is n inctinis (or cpultinis) cockpit cellula |ae f roplan collision collsi |nis f concourse oecus | m praestltrius conductor (of a train) trminis nspector |ris m connection conincti |nis f depart abscd |ere abscess abscessrus departure abscessus |s m detour flexus |s m diesel engine Dselinum mtrum | n diesel fuel Dselinum benznum | n dining car currus |s m cntrius drive (a car, truck, bus) gubernre, ag |ere g ctus; to drive s.o. home aliquem domum autocnt (or autoraed) addcere driver autoraedrius | m (a |ae f), autocntists mf drivers license autoraedri diplma |atis n engine mchinmentum | n, mtrum | n escalator sclae |rum fpl mbils exhaust missrium | n exhaust pipe tubus | m missrius exit exitus |s m express train trmen |inis n rapidissimum fare vectra |ae f ferry nvis |is f triectria fill it up, please! immissrium benznrium repl ttum, quaes! flight voltus |s m fly tr fly a plane roplanum gubernre intr volre; (of a passenger) roplan vehor, veh, vectus sum

Chapter XXIV: Travel horn bcina |ae f; to blow the horn bcin clang |ere hostess hospita |ae f eria information ndicium | n interchange coniuncti |nis f virum intersection compitum | n jet plane roplanum | n pyraulocnticum kilometer chliometrum | n land (of a plane) deorsum appell |ere appul, dscend |ere |; (of a ship) ad terram appellere; (of a passenger on a ship) in terram gredior | gressus sum layover commorti |nis f lead: does this road lead to ? dcitne haec via ad (+ acc)? license (to drive) diplma |atis n guberntinis license plate notculum | n autocnt liter ltra |ae f locomotive currus |s m tractrius lost: get lost aberrre lubrication ncti |nis f autocnt luggage sarcinae |rum fpl; piece of luggage sarcina |ae f; (small) sarcinula |ae f luggage rack retinculum | n sarcinle; put up into the luggage rack in retincul repn |ere reposu luggage tag pittacium | n sarcinle mechanic mechanicus opifex |ificis m moped autobirotula |ae f motel dversrium | n vehiculrium motor mtrium | n, mtrum | n motor boat scapha |ae f automatria motorcycle autobirota |ae f motorcyclist autobirotrius | m (a |ae f)

217

motorist autoraedrius | m (a |ae f), autocntists |ae mf motor oil oleum | n mtri no parking cav status vehiculum! no stopping n sistit! no passing cav praevehris! pack (luggage) collig |ere collg collctus park tr statu |ere |u intr autocntum statuere parking fee taxa |ae f statva parking lot rea |ae f statva parking-lot attendant custs |dis mf reae statvae passenger vector |ris m, vectrx |cis f passenger train trmen |inis n commne passing: no passing! cav praevehris! passport commets diplma |atis n pilot s guberntor |ris m, guberntrx |cis f pilot tr gubernre plane roplanum | n platform (in a train station) crepd |inis f porter biulus | m pullman car currus |s m dormtrius railroad ferrivia |ae f railroad car currus |s m ferrivirius railroad station stati |nis f ferriviria reach (arrive at) perveni |re pervn perventus ad or in (+ acc) reservation reservti |nis f reserve reservre restaurant caupna |ae f

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Conversational Latin stop (come to a stop) cnsist |ere cnstit; does the bus (train) stop in subsistitne autoraeda longa (trmen) in (+ abl)?; make a stop (of a bus, plane, train) commoror |r |tus sum stop-over commorti |nis f street (paved) strta |ae f streetcar currus |s m lectricus street map tabula |ae f viria subway ferrivia |ae f subterrnea suitcase vidulus | m, riscus | m; (small one) risculus | m taillight lminre |is n postcum take off (of a plane) srsum in ra ascend |ere | take-off (of a plane) volti |nis f taxi raeda |ae f meritria terminal stati |nis f terminlis ticket tessera |ae f (itinerria); firstclass (second-class) ticket tessera prmae (secundae) classis; one-way ticket tessera nus curss; punch the ticket tesseram perforre; return ticket tessera redits; round-trip ticket tessera its reditsque ticket agent tesserrius | m, (a |ae f) ticket window stiolum | n tesserrum time table hrrium | n tire cummeus canthus | m; to put air in the tire cummeum canthum nflre toll rotrium | n, vectgal |lis n rotre toll booth taberna |ae f rotris toll road via |ae f rotris tour peregrnti |nis f tour bus coenautocntum | n perigticum tour guide mystaggus | m (a |ae f)

restroom locus | m scrtus return rede |re |i reditus ride (a car, plane, train) vehor, veh, vectus sum (autocnt, roplan, trmine) ride vecti |nis f; to go for a ride gesttinem autocnt facere route certus cursus |s m row rd |inis m runway erodromus | m sail nvigre, nve vehor | vectus sum schedule: bus schedule hrrium | n autoraedrum longrum; flight schedule hrrium | n roplanrum; train schedule hrrium | n trminum seat sds |is f; aisle seat sds andrnlis; back seat sds posterior; front seat sds anterior; reserved seat sds reservta; window seat sds fenestrlis seatbelt cinctra |ae f scrttis; fasten (unfasten, take off) the seatbelt cinctram scrittis adstring |ere adstrx adstrctus (laxre, levre) service station stati |nis f benznria shoulder bag pera |ae f side street via |ae f laterlis skycap biulus | m sleeping car currus |s m dormtrius slow down cursum reprim reprimere repress spark plug candla |ae f accnsva speed limit modus | m vlcittis steer gubernre steering wheel rota |ae f modertrx steward hospes |itis m erius stewardess hospita |ae f eria

Chapter XXIV: Travel tourist peregrntor |tris m (trx |trcis f) tourist class classis |is f tristica track (rail) orbita |ae f traffic celebrits |tis f viae, vehiculrum frequentia |ae f traffic cop vigil |is mf viatrius (-a) traffic jam affluentia |ae f vehiculria traffic light smaphorum | n (red rubrum; yellow flvum; green viride) train trmen |inis n; a through train trmen drctum train schedule hrrium | n ferrivile train station stati |nis f ferriviria train ticket tessera |ae f ferriviria transfer to (another train, etc.) trnscend |ere | in (+ acc) transportation vectra |ae f, commets vehicula |rum npl travel iter faci |ere fc factus; travel by car (train, plane, ship) autocnt (trmine, roplan, nv) vehor veh vectus sum travel agency sds |is f perigtica travel agent itinerum prcrtor |tris m (trx |trcis f) traveler vitor |ris m, vitrx |cis f; (abroad) peregrntor |tris m (trx |trcis f) trip iter, itineris n; take a trip iter facere trolley currus |s m lectricus truck autocntum | n onerrium, autocarrum | n truck driver, trucker autocnt onerri guberntor |ris m

219

trunk (of a car) receptculum | n sarcinrum; (for clothes) cista |ae f tunnel (for trains, cars) specus |s m (ferrivirius, autocnticus) turn s (in the road) flexus |s m viae; take a wrong turn perperam vertor | versus sum turn intr vertor | versus sum; turn around convertor | conversus sum turn-off dverticulum | n turnpike strta |ae f autocntica quadripertta turn signal index |icis m drctinis way via |ae f, iter |ineris n; what is the quickest (best) way to ? quae est via brevissima (optima) ad (+ acc)? waiting room oecus | m praestltrius window (of bus, car, etc.) fenestella |ae f window seat sds |is f fenestrlis windshield vitrum | n antierium windshield wiper vitritergium | n

Chapter XXV: Teaching Grammar in Latin

CONVERSATIONS ___________________________________
[Note 1In this chapter on teaching and learning Latin grammar in Latin, in place of the usual model conversations, there will be questions by the teacher (Magistra, Magister) and answers by the student (Studns). Using these exchanges as models, Latin classes can be conducted in Latin. If some of the responses by the student seem overly long, they may easily be reformulated into several shorter questions. The grammatical terms and structures are based on the writings of the Roman grammarians. Note 2It is possible to proceed directly to The Parsing of Words which follows the section on principal parts, although it is better to at least read carefully the discussion of the principal parts in order to become familiar with the grammatical terminology before beginning to parse.]

D Partibus rtinis
Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Parts rtinis quot sunt? Oct. Quae? Nmen, prnmen, verbum, adiectvum, adverbium, conincti, praepositi, interiecti.

The Parts of Speech

How many parts of speech are there? Eight. Which (are they)? Noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, conjunction, preposition, interjection.

D Nmine

The Noun

[NoteWhen declining nouns, Roman grammarians used hic, haec, hoc as definite articles, meaning the, and not as demonstrative adjectives; they called them prnmina articulria praepositva, that is, prepositive pronouns serving as articles. Therefore, they will be translated as the in the declensions.] Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Dc [or d] nmen proprium. Caesar. Dc nmen appelltvum. Puella. 220 Give a proper noun. Caesar. Give a common noun. Girl.

Chapter XXV: Teaching Grammar in Latin Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Dc nmen collectvum. Populus. Qur populus dcitur nmen collectvum? Quia populus est numer singulris at multitdinem significns. Genera nminum quot sunt? Tria. Quae? Give a collective noun. People. Why is people called a collective noun?

221

Because people is singular in number, but indicating plural. How many genders do nouns have? Three. Which (are they)?

Magist. Studns Magist. Studns

Genus masculnum, ut hic Masculine gender, for example, magister; genus fminnum, ut the teacher; feminine gender, haec mtrna; genus neutrum, for example, the lady; neuter ut hoc dnum. gender, for example, the gift. Numer nminum quot sunt? Duo. Qu? Singulris, ut hic magister; plrlis, ut h magistr. Css nminum quot sunt? Sex. Qu? Nmintvus, ut hic magister; genitvus, ut hius magistr; datvus, ut huic magistr; accstvus, ut hunc magistrum; voctvus, ut magister; abltvus, ut ab hc magistr. How many numbers are there of nouns? Two. Which (are they)? Singular, for example, the teacher; plural, for example, the teachers. How many cases of nouns are there? Six. What (are they)? Nominative, for example, the teacher; genitive, for example, of the teacher; dative, for example, to the teacher; accusative, for example, the teacher; vocative, for example, oh teacher; ablative, for example, from the teacher.

Magist. Studns Magist. Studns

Magist. Studns Magist. Studns

222 Magist.

Conversational Latin D dclntinem nminis, generis fminn, numer singulris. Nmintv cs: haec puella; genitv cs: hius puellae; datv cs: huic puellae; accstv cs: hanc puellam; voctv cs: puella; abltv cs: ab hc puell. Quae parts rtinis edem mod dclnantur? Nmina, prnmina, adiectva, participia, gerundia. Dclntins nminum quot sunt? Qunque. Prma quae est? Prma dclnti est nminis, cius genitvus singulris in ae diphthong termintur. D exemplum. haec puella hius puellae Secunda dclnti quae est? Secunda dclnti est nminis, cius genitvus singulris in long termintur. D exemplum. hic magister hius magistr vel hoc dnum hius dn Tertia dclnti quae est? Tertia dclnti est nminis, cius genitvus singulris in is brev termintur, ut hic pater, hius patris. Give the declension of a noun of the feminine gender, singular number. In the nominative case: the girl; in the genitive case: of the girl; in the dative case: to the girl; in the accusative case: the girl; in the vocative case: oh girl; in the ablative case: from the girl. What parts of speech are declined in the same way? Nouns, pronouns, adjectives, participles, and gerunds. How many declensions of nouns are there? Five. What is the first (declension)? The first declension is of a noun whose genitive singular ends in the diphthong ae. Give an example. the girl of the girl What is the second declension? The second declension is of a noun whose genitive singular ends in a long . Give an example. the teacher of the teacher or the gift of the gift What is the third declension? The third declension is of a noun whose genitive singular ends in a short is, for example, the father, of the father.

Studns

Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns

Magist. Studns Magist. Studns

Magist. Studns

Magist. Studns

Chapter XXV: Teaching Grammar in Latin Magist. Studns Qurta dclnti quae est? Qurta dclnti est nminis, cius genitvus singulris in s long termintur, ut hic exercitus, hius exercits. Qunta dclnti quae est? Qunta dclnti est nminis, cius genitvus singulris termintur in dvss, ut hc dis, hius di. Dscrbe proprietts magister nminis.

223

What is the fourth declension? The fourth declension is of a noun whose genitive singular ends in a long s, for example, the army, of the army. What is the fifth declension? The fifth declension is of a noun whose genitive singular ends in as separate letters, for example, the day, of the day. Parse the noun teacher.

Magist. Studns

Magist. Studns

Magister est nmen Teacher is a common noun, appelltvum, masculn generis, masculine gender, singular numer singulris, cs number, in the nominative case. nmintv.

D Prnmine
Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Prnmen quid est? Pars rtinis quae pr nmine pnitur. Numer prnminum quot sunt? Duo. Qu? Singulris, ut ille; plurlis, ut ill. Genera prnminum quot sunt? Tria. Quae? Genus masculnum, fminnum, neutrum.

The Pronoun
What is a pronoun? A part of speech which is used in place of a noun. How many numbers do pronouns have? Two. Which (are they)? Singular, for example, that one; plural, for example, those. How many genders do pronouns have? Three. Which (are they)? Masculine, feminine, and neuter gender.

Magist. Studns Magist. Studns

224 Magist.

Conversational Latin Prnmina sunt aut fnta aut nfnta. D exempla prnminis fnt. Ego, t, ille. D exempla prnminis nfnt. Qu, aliquis. D exempla prnminis dmnstrtv. Hic, ille. D exempla prnminis reltv. Qu, quae, quod. D exempla prnminis interrgtv. Quis, quid. D exempla prnminis intentinis. Ipse, ipsa, ipsum. D exempla prnminis reciproc. S, sibi. D exempla prnminis persnlis. Ego, ns, t. Prnmen est aut simplex aut compositum. D exemplum prnminis simplicis. Quis. D exemplum prnminis composit. Quisnam. Pronouns are either definite or indefinite. Give examples of a definite pronoun. I, you, he. Give examples of an indefinite pronoun. Who, someone. Give examples of a demonstrative pronoun. This one, that one. Give examples of a relative pronoun. Who, who, which. Give examples of an interrogative pronoun. Who, what. Give examples of an intensive pronoun. Himself, herself, itself. Give examples of a reflexive pronoun. Himself (herself, itself), to himself (herself, itself). Give examples of a personal pronoun. I, we, you. A pronoun is either simple or compound. Give an example of a simple pronoun. Who. Give an example of a compound pronoun. Just who.

Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist.

Studns Magist. Studns

Chapter XXV: Teaching Grammar in Latin Magist. Studns Magist.

225

Ex quibus quisnam compnitur? Of what is just who composed? Ex quis prnmine et ex nam particul. Estne figra quisquis prnminis simplex an composita? Est composita. Dscrbe proprietts ego prnminis. Ego est prnmen fntum, generis masculn et fminn, persnae prmae, numer singulris, cs nmintv. Dscrbe proprietts qurum prnminis. Qurum est prnmen reltvum aut interrgtvum, persnae tertiae, numer plrlis, generis masculn et neutrus, cs genitv. Of the pronoun who and the particle just. Is the form of the pronoun whoever simple or compound? It is compound. Parse the pronoun I. I is a definite pronoun, masculine and feminine, first person, singular, in the nominative case. Parse the pronoun of whom. Of whom or whose is a relative or interrogative pronoun, third person, plural, masculine and neuter, in the genitive case.

Studns Magist. Studns

Magist. Studns

D Verb

The Verb

[NoteRoman grammarians recognized five moods; modern Latin grammars recognize three: indicative, subjunctive, and imperative.] Magist. Verbum quid est? What is a verb? Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Pars rtinis cum tempore et persn sine cs. Mod quot sunt? Qunque. Qu? Indictvus, ut leg; subinctvus, ut cum legam; impertvus, ut lege; nfntvus, ut legere; impersnlis, ut legitur. A part of speech with tense and person, without case. How many moods are there? Five. Which (are they)? Indicative, for example, I read, am reading; subjunctive, for example, although I read; imperative, for example, read!; infinitive, for example, to read; impersonal, for example, people read.

226 Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns

Conversational Latin Numer verbrum quot sunt? Duo. Qu? Singulris et plrlis. Persnae verbrum quot sunt? Trs. Quae? Prma, ut leg; secunda, ut legis; tertia, ut legit. How many numbers do verbs have? Two. Which (are they)? Singular and plural. How many persons of verbs are there? Three. Which (are they)? First, for example, I read, am reading; second, for example, you read, are reading; third, for example, he, she reads, is reading. How many tenses are there in the conjugation of verbs? Six. Which (are they)? Present, for example, I read, am reading; imperfect, for example, I was reading, used to read; future, for example, I shall read; perfect, for example, I read, have read; pluperfect, for example, I had read; future perfect, for example, I shall have read. How many conjugations are there? Four. Which (are they)? First, second, third, fourth.

Magist. Studns Magist. Studns

Tempora in dclntine verbrum quot sunt? Sex. Quae? Praesns, ut leg; praeteritum imperfectum, ut legbam; futrum, ut legam; praeteritum perfectum, ut lg; praeteritum plsquamperfectum, ut lgeram; futrum perfectum, ut lger. Coniugtins verbrum quot sunt? Quattuor. Quae? Prma, secunda, tertia, qurta.

Magist. Studns Magist. Studns

Chapter XXV: Teaching Grammar in Latin Magist. Dcln verbum ctvum prmae coniugtinis, indictv mod, tempore praesent, numer singulr. am ams amat

227

Conjugate an active verb of the first conjugation, in the indicative mood, present tense, singular. I love you love he or she loves

Studns

Magist.

Dcln verbum ctvum secundae Conjugate an active verb of the coniugtinis, indictv mod, second conjugation, indicative tempore praeterit imperfect, mood, in the imperfect tense, in plrliter. the plural. docbmus docbtis docbant Dcln verbum ctvum tertiae coniugtinis, indictv mod, tempore futr, numer singulr. regam regs reget Dcln verbum ctvum qurtae coniugtinis, indictv mod, tempore praeterit plsquamperfect, plrliter. audvermus audvertis audverant we were teaching you were teaching they were teaching Conjugate an active verb of the third conjugation, indicative mood, future, singular. I shall rule you will rule he or she will rule Conjugate an active verb of the fourth conjugation, indicative mood, pluperfect tense, plural. we had heard you had heard they had heard

Studns

Magist.

Studns

Magist.

Studns

[Notegenus in connection with nouns means gender; in connection with verbs it means voice.] Magist. Genera verbrum quot sunt? How many voices of verbs are there? Studns Magist. Studns Quattuor. Quae? ctva, passva, neutra vel neutrlia, dpnentia. Four. Which (are they)? Active, passive, intransitive, deponent (verbs).

228 Magist. Studns

Conversational Latin D exempla verb neutrlis. Sede, st, cub. Give (me some) examples of an intransitive verb. I sit, am sitting; I stand, am standing; I lie down, I am lying down. Give (me some) examples of a deponent verb. I speak, am speaking; I follow, am following; I enjoy, am enjoying. Give the conjugation of the active verb leg in the indicative mood, present tense, in the singular. It is conjugated: I read, am reading you read, are reading he or she reads, is reading Conjugate the same verb in the imperfect tense, in the plural. It is conjugated: we were reading you were reading they were reading Give the conjugation of the same active verb in the present tense, subjunctive, singular. It is conjugated: I may read you may read he or she may read Conjugate the same active verb in the pluperfect subjunctive plural. It is conjugated: we would have read you would have read they would have read

Magist. Studns Magist.

D exempla verb dpnentis. Loquor, sequor, fruor. D dclntinem verb ctv leg indictv mod, tempore praesent, singulriter. Dclntur: leg legis legit Dcln idem verbum ctvum, tempore praeterit imperfect, plrliter. Dclntur: legbmus legbtis legbant D dclntinem eiusdem verb ctv, tempore praesent, mod subinctv, singulriter. Dclntur: legam legs legat Dcln idem verbum ctvum tempore praeterit plsquamperfect, mod subinctv, plrliter. Dclntur: lgissmus lgisstis lgissent

Studns

Magist.

Studns

Magist.

Studns

Magist.

Studns

Chapter XXV: Teaching Grammar in Latin Magist. Dc impertvum modum eiusdem verb, tempore praesent, singulriter et plrliter. Lege!, legite! Dc impertvum eiusdem verb, tempore futr, secund et terti persn, singulriter et plrliter. Persn secund: legit!, legitte!; persn terti: legit!, legunt! Dc participium hius verb, praesent tempore. Legns. Dc participium hius verb, futr tempore. Lctrus. Dc participium hius verb, praeterit perfect tempore. Lctus. Dc nfntvum ctvum hius verb, praesent tempore. Legere. Dc nfntvum passvum hius verb, praesent tempore. Leg. Dc nfntvum ctvum hius verb, praeterit perfect tempore. Lgisse. Dc nfntvum passvum hius verb, praeterit perfect tempore. Lctus esse.

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Give the present imperative of the same verb in the singular and the plural. Read! (singular), read! (plural) Give the future imperative of the same verb in the second and third person singular and plural. Second person: you will read! (singular); you will read! (plural); third person: let him or her read!; let them read! Give the present participle of this verb. Reading. Give the future participle of this verb. About to read. Give the perfect participle of this verb. Having been read. Give the present active infinitive of this verb. To read. Give the present passive infinitive of this verb. To be read. Give the perfect active infinitive of this verb. To have read. Give the perfect passive infinitive of this verb. To have been read.

Studns Magist.

Studns

Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist.

Studns Magist.

Studns

230 Magist. Studns

Conversational Latin Dscrbe proprietts leg verb. Leg est verbum ctvum indictv mod, prmae persnae, numer singulris, temporis praesentis, tertiae coniugtinis. D exempla verb inaequlis. Fi, sole, fer, gaude, nl. Qur inaequlia dcuntur? Quia dclntins extr rgulam sunt. D exempla verb dfectv. Pudet, d. Qur dfectva dcuntur? Quia haec verba quibusdam figrs egent. Quibus figrs pudet eget? Eget persn prm et secund. Dcitur etiam verbum impersnle. Quibus figrs d eget? Habet neque tempus praesns, neque praeteritum imperfectum neque futrum. D parts prncipls doce verb. Doce, docre, docu, doctus. Parse the verb leg. Leg is an active verb, used in the indicative mood, first person, singular, present tense, third conjugation. Give (me some) examples of an irregular verb. I become, I am wont, I bear, I am glad, I do not want. Why are they called irregular? Because they are conjugated outside the (normal) pattern. Give (some) examples of a defective verb. It shames, I hate. Why are they called defective? Because these verbs lack certain forms. What forms does pudet (it shames) lack? It lacks the first and second person. It is also called an impersonal verb. What forms does d (I hate) lack? It doesnt have a present, imperfect, or future tense. Give the principal parts of the verb doce. I teach, am teaching; to teach; I taught, have taught; taught, having been taught.

Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns

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Chapter XXV: Teaching Grammar in Latin

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D Adverbi
Magist. Studns Adverbium quid est? Pars rtinis quae verb adicitur et verbum explnat atque implet. Cui dictin adverbium adicitur? Vel verb vel adverbi vel adiectv adiicitur. D adverbia loc. Hc, ibi, intus, fors, illc, inde. D adverbia temporis. Hodi, nper, aliquand, mox. D adverbia numer. Semel, bis, ter, decis. D adverbium affirmand. Etiam. D adverbium negand. Nn. D adverbia interrgand. Cr, qur, quamobrem. D adverbia rdinis. Prmum, deinde, postrm. D adverbia quantittis. Multum, parum. D adverbia qualittis. Pulchr, bene, male.

The Adverb
What is an adverb? The part of speech which modifies the verb and explains and completes it. What word does an adverb modify? It modifies a verb, an adverb, or an adjective. Give (some) adverbs of place. Here, there, inside, outside, there, from there. Give (some) adverbs of time. Today, recently, sometime, soon. Give (some) adverbs of number. Once, twice, three times, ten times. Give an adverb of affirmation. Yes. Give an adverb of negation. No. Give (some) interrogative adverbs. Why, why, why. Give (some) adverbs of a series. First, then, finally. Give (some) adverbs of quantity. Much, little. Give (some) adverbs of quality. Beautifully, well, badly.

Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns

232 Magist. Studns Magist. Studns

Conversational Latin Quot grads compartinis sunt adverbis? Trs. Qu? Positvus, ut saepe; compartvus, ut saepius; superltvus, ut saepissim. How many degrees of comparison do adverbs have? Three. What (are they)? The positive, for example, often; the comparative, for example, more often; the superlative, for example, very often. Are adverbs declinable or indeclinable? They are indeclinable.

Magist. Studns

Suntne adverbia declnbilia an indclnbilia? Sunt indclnbilia.

D Adjectv
Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Adiectvum quid est? Pars rtinis est quae nmin adicitur. Quot grads compartinis sunt adiectvs? Trs grads compartinis. Qu? Positvus, ut doctus; compartvus, ut doctior; superltvus, ut doctissimus

The Adjective
What is an adjective? It is a part of speech that modifies a noun. How many degrees of comparison do adjectives have? Three degrees of comparison. Which (are they)? The positive, for example, learned; the comparative, for example, more learned; the superlative, for example, most learned. How many endings do adjectives have in the positive degree? Three. Which (are they)? Masculine, for example, learned; feminine, for example, learned; neuter, for example, learned.

Magist. Studns Magist. Studns

Quot termintins sunt adiectvs, grads positv? Trs. Quae? Masculna, ut doctus; fminna, ut docta; neutra, ut doctum.

Chapter XXV: Teaching Grammar in Latin Magist. Quot termintins sunt adiectvs, grads compartv? Duae. Quae? Masculna et fminna, ut doctior; neutra, ut doctius.

233

How many endings do adjectives have in the comparative degree? Two. Which (are they)? Masculine and feminine, for example, more learned; neuter, for example, more learned. How many endings do adjectives in the superlative degree have? Three, just as in the positive degree. Give a possessive adjective. My. Give an adjective of quality. Good. Give (some) adjectives of quantity. Big, small. Give (some) adjectives of number. One, two, three. Give (some) adjectives of ordinal numbers. First, second, third.

Studns Magist. Studns

Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns

Quot termintins sunt adiectvs, grads superltv? Trs, scut in grad positv. Dc adiectvum possessvum. Meus. Dc adiectvum qulittis. Bonus. Dc adiectva quantittis. Magnus, parvus. Dc adiectva numer. nus, duo, trs. Dc adiectva numer rdinlis. Prmus, secundus, tertius.

D Participi
Magist. Studns Participium quid est? Pars rtinis partem adiectv capins, partem verb.

The Participle
What is a participle? A part of speech assuming the role of an adjective and the role of a verb.

234 Magist. Studns

Conversational Latin Tempora participirum quot sunt? How many tenses do participles have?

Praesns, ut legns; praeteritum, The present, for example, ut lctus; futrum, ut reading; the perfect, for lctrus. example, read, having been read; the future, for example, about to read. Quot participia ab ctv verb veniunt? Duo. Quae? Praesns, ut legns et futrum ut lctrus. Quot participia passv verb veniunt? num. Quod? Praeteritum perfectum, ut lctus. How many participles come from the active verb? Two. Which (are they)? The present, for example, reading, and the future, for example, about to read. How many participles come from the passive verb? One. Which one? The perfect, for example, read, having been read.

Magist. Studns Magist. Studns

Magist. Studns Magist. Studns

D Gerundi
Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Gerundium quid est? Est nmen verble. Qur sc voctur? Quia partem nminis capit, partem verb. D exemplum gerundi. Legend librs caus. Qumodo capit partem nminis? E quod habet css oblqus, perinde ut nmina.

The Gerund
What is a gerund? It is a verbal noun. Why is it called that? Because it assumes the role of a noun and the role of a verb. Give an example of a gerund. For the sake of reading books. How does it assume the role of a noun? In that it has oblique cases, just as nouns do.

Chapter XXV: Teaching Grammar in Latin Magist. Studns Qumodo capit partem verb? E quod adiungitur csu accstv, perinde ut verba.

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How does it assume the role of a verb? In that it takes the accusative case, just as verbs do.

D Gerundv
Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Gerundvum quid est? Est adiectvum verble. Qur sc voctur? Quia partem adiectv capit, partem verb. D exemplum gerundv. Legendrum librrum caus. Qumodo partem adiectv capit? E quod librs nmin adicitur.

The Gerundive
What is a gerundive? It is a verbal adjective. Why is it called that? Because it assumes the role of an adjective and the role of a verb. Give an example of a gerundive. For the sake of reading books. How does it assume the role of an adjective? In that it modifies the noun books.

D Coninctine
Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Conincti quid est? Pars rtinis connectns rdinnsque sententiam. D coninctins copultvs. Et, atque, ac. D coninctins disinctvs. Aut, |ve, vel. D coninctins adverstvs. Sed, at.

The Conjunction
What is a conjunction? A part of speech connecting and arranging a sentence. Give (some) coordinate conjunctions. And, and, and. Give (some) disjunctive conjunctions. Or, or, or. Give (some) adversative conjunctions. But, but.

236 Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns

Conversational Latin D coninctins concessvs. Quamquam, quamvs. D coninctins temporls. Cum, antequam, postquam. D coninctins condicinls. S, nisi. Give (some) concessive conjunctions. Although, although. Give (some) temporal conjunctions. When, before, after. Give (some) conditional conjunctions. If, unless.

D Praepositine
Magist. Studns Praepositi quid est? Pars rtinis quae, alis partibus rtinis praeposita, significtinem erum implet aut mtat. Quibus csibus praepositins serviunt? Accstv et abltv. D praepositins css accstv. Ad, apud, ante, adversum, erg. D praepositins css abltv. Ab, cum, cram, clam, d, ex, pr.

The Preposition
What is a preposition? A part of speech which, placed before other parts of speech, completes or changes their meaning. What cases do prepositions take? The accusative and the ablative. Give (some) prepositions taking the accusative. To, at, before, against, toward. Give (some) prepositions taking the ablative case. From, with, in the presence of, without the knowledge of, concerning, out of, for. Give (some) prepositions taking both cases. In(to), under, above, below. When do in and under take the ablative case? When we mean that someone or something is in a place.

Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns

Magist. Studns Magist. Studns

D praepositins utrusque css. In, sub, super, subter. In et sub quand abltv serviunt? Quand significmus quslibet aut quaelibet in loc esse.

Chapter XXV: Teaching Grammar in Latin Magist. Studns Magist. Studns In et sub quand accstv serviunt? Quand significmus quslibet aut quaelibet in locum re. Super quam vim habet? Ubi locum significat, magis accstv csu servit quam abltv loc; ubi mentinem alicius facimus, abltv csu dumtaxat servit, ut Multa super Priam rogitns.

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When do in and under take the accusative? When we mean that someone or something is going into a place. What is the sense of super? When it indicates place, it takes the accusative rather than the ablative of place; when we make mention of someone or something, it takes only the ablative, for example: Asking many questions about Priam.

D Interiectine
Magist. Studns Interiecti quid est? Pars rtinis significns mentis affectum vce incondit. Interiecti quid significre potest? Vel laetitiam, ut evax; vel dolrem, ut heu; vel admrtinem, ut papae; vel metum, ut attat.

The Interjection
What is an interjection? A part of speech indicating an emotion with inarticulate sound. What can an interjection indicate? Either joy, for example, hurrah!; or grief, for example, oh no!; or astonishment, for example, wow!; or fear, for example, oh!

Magist. Studns

D Accent
Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Aut in antepaenultim aut in paenultim. Quand accentum in paenultim syllab pnimus? Quand paenultima syllaba est longa, ut ammus.

The Accent
On the antepenult or the penult. When do we place the accent on the penult? When the penult is long, for example, ammus (we love).

In qu syllab accentum pnimus? On which syllable do we place the accent?

238 Magist.

Conversational Latin In qu syllab accentum pnimus On which syllable do we place the accent if the penult is short? s paenultima syllaba est brevis? In antepaenultim syllab. On the antepenult.

Studns Magist. Studns

Quand accentus pnitur in ultim When is the accent placed on the last syllable? syllab? Numquam aut utique rrissim. Never or, in any event, very rarely.

D Propriettibus The Parsing of Words Dictinum Dscrbends

[NoteThe genitive of quality, or better, of description, is generally used in parsing words, for example; Cius generis est puella? (Of) what gender is girl? Fminn generis (of the) feminine gender. But when indicating the case of a noun or adjective, the ablative is generally used, e.g., homine qu cs est? (In) what case is the man? Abltv. (In) the ablative case. The Romans also reverse our order of apposition, for example, s ultima syllaba in a litter termintur . . . . (if the last syllable ends in the letter a).] Lets now parse the words of this Magist. Dscrbmus nunc proprietts sentence: I sing of war and a dictinum in hc sententi: Ego hero who once upon a time arma virumque can, qu came from the distant shores lim Triae rs longinqus of Troy. What part of speech is vnit. Ego quae pars rtinis I? est? Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Prnmen. Cius est numer? Numer singulris. Cius est generis in hc loc? Masculn. Cius est persnae? Prmae persnae. Qu est cs? Cs nmintv. Estne prnmen fntum an nfntum? Prnmen fntum. A pronoun. What number is it? Singular. What gender is it in this passage? Masculine. What person is it? First person. In what case? In the nominative case. Is it a definite or indefinite pronoun? A definite pronoun.

Chapter XXV: Teaching Grammar in Latin Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Arma quae pars rtinis est? Nmen. Qule? Nmen proprium an appelltvum? Nmen appelltvum. Cius est generis? Neutrus. Cius est numer? Plrlis. Qu cs est in hc lc? Accstv. Unde hoc certum est? syntaxe; can enim verbum accstv adiungitur. Quotae dclntinis est arma? Secundae. Pniturne arma propri an figrt? Figrt. Qur? Quia pr bell pnitur. Virum quae pars rtinis est? Nmen. Cius est generis? Masculn. Cius est numer? Singulris. Qu cs est? Accstv.

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What part of speech is arms? A noun. What kind? Proper or common? A common noun. What gender is it? Neuter. What number is it? Plural. What case is it in this passage? Accusative. How is that certain? From the syntax; for the verb can takes the accusative case. What declension is arms? Second. Is arms used literally or figuratively? Figuratively. Why? Because it is used for war. What part of speech is hero? A noun. What gender is it? Masculine. What number is it? Singular. What case is it? Accusative.

Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns

240 Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns

Conversational Latin Dc csum nmintvum. Vir. Quotae dclntinis est virum? Secundae. Cius est numer? Singulris. Qule? Proprium an appelltvum? Nmen appelltvum. Que quae pars rtinis est? Cnincti. Cius est potesttis? Copultvae an disinctvae? Copultvae. Cius rdinis? Praepositv an postpositv? Postpositv; itaque dcitur encliticum. Fac compositum ab e quod est que. Itaque, neque, quoque. Can quae pars rtinis est? Verbum. Cius mod est? Indictv. Cius persnae est? Prmae. Dc tertiam persnam. Canit. Give the nominative case. Vir (hero). What declension is the hero? Second. What number is it? Singular. What kind? Proper or common (noun)? Common (noun). What part of speech is and? A conjunction. (Of) what function is it? Coordinate or disjunctive? Coordinate. What is its word order? Prepositive or postpositive? It is postpositive; and so it is called an enclitic. Form a compound from que. And so, neither, too. What part of speech is sing? A verb. In what mood is it? The indicative. What person is it? First (person). Give the third person. He or she sings, is singing.

Chapter XXV: Teaching Grammar in Latin Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Cius numer est? Singulris. Dc plrlem prmae persnae. Canimus. Cius generis est? ctv an passv? ctv. Dc passvum. Canor. Cius temporis est? Praesentis. Dc praeteritum imperfectum. Canbam. Dc praeteritum perfectum. Cecin. Dc participium praesns. Canns. Dc participium futrum. Cantrus. Dc nfntvum ctvum. Canere. Dc gerundium. Canend. Dc gerundium cs nmintv. Gerundium eget cs nmintv. Qu quae pars rtinis est? Prnmen. What number is it? Singular. Give the first person plural. We sing. What voice is it? Active or passive? Active. Give the passive. I am sung of. What tense is it? The present. Give the imperfect. I was singing, used to sing. Give the perfect. I sang, have sung. Give the present participle. Singing. Give the future participle. About to sing, going to sing. Give the active infinitive. To sing. Give the gerund. Of singing.

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Give the gerund in the nominative case. The gerund lacks a nominative case. What part of speech is who? A pronoun.

242 Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns

Conversational Latin Qule prnmen? Reltvum prnmen. Quid est eius nmen antecdns? Virum. Qu cius est generis? Masculn. Cius numer est? Singulris. What kind of pronoun? A relative pronoun. What is its antecedent? A hero. What gender is who? Masculine. What number is it? Singular.

Qur numerus singulris pnitur? Why is the singular number used? Quia nmen antecdns est numer singulris. Qu cs est qu? Cs nmintv. Cius potentiae est? Est subiectum vnit verb. lim quae pars rtinis est? Adverbium. Cui dictin lim adicitur? Vnit verb. Estne adverbium loc an temporis an qualittis an quantittis? Temporis. quae pars rtinis est? Praepositi. Cui csu servit? Csu abltv. Because the antecedent is singular. In what case is who? In the nominative case. What is its function? It is the subject of the verb came. What part of speech is once upon a time? An adverb. Which word does once upon a time modify? The verb came. Is it an adverb of place or time or quality or quantity? Of time. What part of speech is from? A preposition. What case does it take [lit: serve]? The ablative case.

Chapter XXV: Teaching Grammar in Latin Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Cui nmin adiungitur? rs nmin. Triae quae pars rtinis est? Nmen. Qule? Proprium an appelltvum? Proprium. Cius est generis? Fminn. Cius est numer? Singulris. Qu est cs? Genitv. rs quae pars rtinis est? Nmen. Qule? Proprium an appelltvum? Appelltvum. Cius generis est? Fminn. Qu cs est? Abltv plrl. Dc csum nmintvum singulrem. ra. Longinqus quae pars ortinis est? Adiectvum. Qu est cs? Abltv. What noun is its object? The noun shores.

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What part of speech is Troys? A noun. What kind? Proper or common? Proper. What gender is it? Feminine. What number is it? Singular. In what case is it? The genitive. What part of speech is shores? A noun. What kind? Proper or common? Common. What gender is it? Feminine. What case is it? Ablative plural. Give the nominative singular. Shore. What part of speech is distant? Adjective. In what case is it? The ablative.

244 Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns Magist. Studns

Conversational Latin Cius est generis? Fminn. Cius est numer? Plrlis. Cui dictin adicitur? rs. Cius grads compartinis est? Positv. D gradum superltvum. Longinquissimus |a |um. Vnit quae pars rtinis est? Verbum. Cius est temporis? Temporis praeterit perfect. Cius persnae est? Tertiae. Dc persnam prmam. Vn. Cius numer est? Singulris. Cius mod est? Indictv. Cius generis est? Neutrlis. Cius coniugtinis est? Qurtae. What gender is it? Feminine. What number is it? The plural. What noun does it modify? Shores. What degree of comparison is it? The positive. Give the superlative degree. Most distant. What part of speech is came? A verb. What tense is it? The perfect. What person is it? Third (person). Give the first person. I came, have come. What number is it? The singular. What mood is it? Indicative. What voice is it? Intransitive. What conjugation is it? The fourth.

Chapter XXV: Teaching Grammar in Latin Magist. Studns Dc parts prncipls can verb. Can, canere, cecin, cantus. Give the principal parts of the verb sing.

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I sing, am singing; to sing; I sang, have sung; sung, having been sung.

TOPICAL VOCABULARY______________________________
abbreviate tr brevire abbreviation s nota |ae f compendiria ablative adj abltvus |a |um; ablative case csus |s m abltvus, abltvus | m; in the ablative case cs abltv abstract noun s appellti |nis f (ut bonits goodness) accent s accentus |s m; to place the accent on a syllable accentum in syllab pnere active adj ctvus |a |um; active verb verbum agend or agns or ctvum; active voice genus |eris n ctvum adjectival adj adiectvlis |is |e adjective s adiectvum | n adverb s adverbium | n adverbial adj adverbilis |is |e alphabet s alphabtum | n, prmae litterae |rum fpl antecedent s nmen |inis n antecdns antepenult s antepaenultima syllaba |ae f article s articulus | m (hic haec hoc, normally demonstrative, serve as articles only in declensions) as adv scut, ut; as for instance ut put capital letter s littera |ae f grandis (opp: littera minta) case s csus |s m; a noun in the genitive case nmen genitv cs; or more rarely nmen css genitv clause s membrum | n; main clause rti |nis f [Noterti can be a complete sentence or a main clause] collective adj collectvus |a |um combination s comprehnsi |nis f; a syllable is a combination of letters syllaba est comprehnsi litterrum combine tr compn |ere composu compositus; prepositions can be combined with verbs praepositins cum verbs compn possunt come intr (from) veni |re vn ventum (ab + abl), drvr (ab + abl) comma s comma |atis n common noun s nmen |inis n appelltvum comparative adj compartvus |a |um; comparative degree gradus |s m compartvus; in the comparative compartv, in compartine comparison s comparti |nis f compound adj compositus |a |um (ut indoctus uneducated) (opp: simplex, ut doctus) concrete noun s vocbulum | n (opp: appellti) conjugate tr dclnre conjugation s dclnti |nis f (more commonly used); coniugti |nis f conjunction s conincti |nis f consist of cnst |re cnstit ex (+ abl)

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Conversational Latin end intr (in) terminor |r |tus sum (in + acc or abl) ending adj (in) termintus |a |um (in + acc) ending s terminti |nis f error s vitium | n, mendum | n explain tr explnre, explicre express tr exprim exprimere express expressus feminine adj fminnus |a |um figurative adj trnsltvus |a |um figuratively adv figrt, trnsltv final adj fnlis |is |e form tr faci |ere fc factus; form the imperative of the verb venre fac impertvum venre verb form s figra |ae f; the form is either simple, like doctus, or compound, like indoctus figra est aut simplex, ut doctus, aut composita, ut indoctus function s potentia |ae f future s tempus |oris n futrum gender s genus |eris n genitive s genitvus | m, csus |s m genitvus gerund s gerundium | n gerundive s gerundvum | n give tr d dare ded datus; dc |ere dx dictus; give the plural form of gaudium d (or dc) figram plrlem gaudium nminis grammar s grammatica |ae f, ars |tis f grammatica imperative adj impertvus |a |um; imperative mood modus | m impertvus imperfect tense s tempus |ris n praeteritum imperfectum impersonal adj impersnlis |is |e

consonant s cnsonns |antis f construction s cnstrcti |nis f coordinate conjunction s conincti |nis f cpultva correlative adj reltvus |a |um (ut tlis . . . qulis such . . . as) correct adj rctus |a |um, mendtus |a |um correct tr mendre correction s mendti |nis f correctly adv rct, mendt (opp: vitis) dative adj datvus |a |um dative s datvus | m, csus |s m datvus declension s dclnti |nis f decline tr dclnre defective adj dfectvus |a |um define tr dfni |re |v |tus definite adj fntus |a |um (opp: nfntus) degree s gradus |s m; positive degree gradus positvus; comparative degree gradus compartvus; superlative degree gradus superltvus demonstrative adj dmnstrtvus |a |um deponent s dpnns |entis n, verbum | n dpnns derive tr (from) drivre (ab + abl) diminutive s dminutvum nmen |inis n, dmintvum | n diphthong s diphthongus | f double adj gemintus |a |um: double i as in armri i littera geminta, ut armri enclitic s encliticum | n (ut -que, |ve and, or)

Chapter XXV: Teaching Grammar in Latin incorrect adj vitisus |a |um incorrectly adv vitis indeclinable adj indclnbilis |is |e indefinite adj nfntus |a |um (opp: fntus) indicate tr significre indicative adj indictvus |a |um ; in the indicative mood mod indictv infinitive adj nfntvus |a |um; infinitive mood modus | m nfntvus infinitive s nfntvum | n inflect tr dclnre inflection s dclnti |nis f intensive pronoun s prnmen |inis n intentinis (ut ipse himself) interjection s interiecti |nis f (ut heus t! hey you!) intransitive adj intrnsitvus |a |um (ut sede, surg I sit, I get up) irregular adj inaequlis |is |e; an irregular verb inaequle verbum (ut vol, nl, f I want, I do not want, I become) irregularly adv inaequliter; duo is irregularly declined duo inaequliter dclntur last adj ultimus |a |um lengthen tr prdc |ere prdx prductus (opp: corripere) letter s littera |ae f; letters form syllables litterae faciunt syllabs literal adj proprius |a |um (opp: trnsltvus) literally adv propri, ad verbum (opp: figrt) long adj longus |a |um, prductus |a |um (opp: brevis, correptus); a vowel is long by nature or by position voclis est longa ntr aut positine mark s nota |ae f (ut nota longa, nota brevis long mark, short mark) masculine adj masculnus |a |um mean tr significre meaning s significti |nis f meter s metrum | n mistake s vitium | n; to make a mistake vitium facere

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modify tr adicior adic adiectus sum (+ dat); which noun does bonus modify? cui nmin bonus adicitur? modifying adj adiectus |a |um (+ dat) monosyllable s monosyllaba |ae f mood s modus | m; imperative mood, e.g., read! modus impertvus, ut lege!; indicative mood, e.g., I read modus indictvus, ut leg; subjunctive mood, e.g., although I read modus subinctvus, ut cum legam neuter adj neuter |tra |trum, neutrlis |is |e; in the neutrliter nominative adj nmintvus |a |um noun s nmen |inis n; (of an inanimate object) vocbulum | n number s numerus | m numeral s nmen |inis n numerle (ut nus, duo, trs one, two three) object s expressed by the verb adiung, for example, the man is the object of the verb hic hom verb adiungitur [NoteRoman grammarians never used the word obiectum in connection with a verb or preposition. Whereas we would say, for example, man is the object of the verb the Romans would say man is joined to the verb. See also the definition of modify above.]

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Conversational Latin principal parts parts |ium fpl prncipls pronoun s prnmen |inis n pronounce tr prnntire; to pronounce a vowel short or long voclem corrept aut prduct prnntire proper noun s proprium nmen |inis n (ut Hector Hector) (opp: appelltvum nmen (ut hom man) punctuation s interpncti |nis f punctuation mark s interpnctum | n, pnctum | n relative adj reltvus |a |um repeat tr repet |ere |v |tus rule s rgula |ae f; to follow (observe) the rule rgulam servre sentence s sententia |ae f, rti |nis f short adj brevis |is |e, correptus |a |um singular adj singulris |is |e (opp: plrlis |is |e); in the singular singulriter sound s sonus | m speak tr & intr loquor loqu loctus sum; to speak Latin, to speak correct Latin Latn loqu spell tr scrb |ere scrps scrptus; to spell correctly rct scrbere; to spell with scrbere per (+ acc); some spell cum with a q if it signifies time qudam scrbunt cum per q litteram, s tempus significat spelling s orthographia |ae f, scrptra |ae f subject n (gram) subiectum | n; (topic studied) genus |eris n studirum, doctrna |ae f

ordinal adj rdinlis |is |e (ut prmus, secundus first, second) parse tr proprietts (+ gen) dscrbere part of speech s pars |tis f rtinis participle s participium | n; past or perfect participle praeterit temporis participium; present participle praesentis temporis participium particle s particula |ae f (namely, the four parts of speech that are indeclinable: adverb, preposition, conjunction, interjection) passive adj passvus |a |um past s praeteritum tempus |ris n pattern s rgula |ae f penult s paenultima syllaba |ae f perfect tense s tempus |ris n praeteritum perfectum period s pnctum | n person s persna |ae f personal adj persnlis |is |e phrase s locti |nis f (also used of a single word) pluperfect tense s tempus |ris n plsquamperfectum plural adj plrlis |is |e; in the plural plrliter plural s multitd |inis f; signifying a plural multitdinem significns positive s gradus |s m positvus possessive adj possessvus |a |um prefix s praepositi |nis f per compositinem preposition s praepositi |nis f (per appositinem); prepositions take (lit: serve) either the accusative or the ablative case praepositins aut accstv aut abltv csu serviunt present adj praesns |entis; present tense praesns tempus |ris n

Chapter XXV: Teaching Grammar in Latin subjunctive adj subinctvus |a |um; subjunctive mood subinctvus modus | m subjunctive s subinctvus | m subordinate conjunction s subinctva conincti |nis f superlative adj superltvus |a |um superlative s gradus |s m superltvus; in the superlative superltv; give me laetus in the superlative dc laetus superltv supine s supnum | n syllable s syllaba |ae f; syllables form words syllabae faciunt dictins syntax s (pure Latin) rdinti |nis f; syntaxis |is f take tr accipi |ere accp acceptus, recipi |ere recp receptus; names of cities dont take prepositions, for instance, Im going to Rome nmina civittum nn accipiunt praepositins, ut Rmam vd; the preposition ad takes the accusative case ad praepositi csu accstv servit; this verb takes the accusative case hoc verbum coniungitur (or adiungitur) csu accstv tense s tempus |ris n transitive trnsitvus |a |um translate tr convert |ere | conversus, transfer trnsferre trnstul trnsltus; to translate from Latin to English ex Latn in Anglicum convertere translation s trnslti |nis f understood tr it is understood subaudtur; ego is understood if I

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should say, Sum philosophus. subaudtur ego s dcam sum philosophus. use tr pn pnere posu positus; Use leg in a sentence. Pne leg in sententi. utter tr prfer prferre prtul prltus verb s verbum | n verbal adj verblis |is |e vocative s voctvus | m, csus |s m voctvus voice s vx, vcis f; (of a verb) genus |eris n; What voice is audmur? Passive. Cius generis est audtur? Passv. [Notegenus, in connection with nouns and adjectives means gender, and in connection with verbs means voice.] vowel s voclis |is f word s (gram) dicti |nis f; syllables form words syllabae faciunt dictins; word for word verbum pr verb [NoteIn Roman grammars, verbum is used only for verb; Quintilian says: Verbum, of course, has two meanings; in one sense, verbum covers all parts of which language is composed; in another sense, it is restricted to the part of speech such as leg and scrb. To avoid this ambiguity, some have preferred to say vcs, loctins, dictins.] write tr scrb scrbere scrps scrptus; to write Latin Latn scrbere wrong adj vitisus |a |um; adv perperam

Appendix I: Yes and No in Latin

It may strike you as strange, but the Romans did not have a single word for Yes and No. (We, too, can say yes or O.K. or, informally, yeah or yep or, even more informally, uhuh.) There are single Latin adverbs that mean yes: etiam, ita, sc, sn, maxim, admodum, oppid, cert, pln, plnissim. These are not perfect synonyms. For example, ita and sc mean it is so; plnissim means yes, exactly so; cert means certainly; admodum and oppid both means yes or quite so, but oppid is slightly more emphatic, carrying the sense of precisely so. Cicero indicates the most direct and simple response when he says: aut etiam aut nn respond (answer either yes or no.) Probably the most frequent way of saying yes in Latin is to repeat the word on which the emphasis rests in the question: Erus eam vndidit? Vndidit. The master sold her? Yes. Ad patremne eam dcis? Ad eum ipsum. Are you taking her to her father? Yes. An nn dx hoc esse futrum? Dxist. Didnt I say that this was going to happen? Yes. 250 Ai. Ngs. I say yes. You say no. You can safely use any of the adverbs for yes. When you get up your confidence, you can try to answer by repeating the emphatic word in the question. But then be sure to provide the correct form, as in the third example above. As indicated above, the most direct negative particle is nn (more frequently with the verb supplied from the question, or when something is immediately added). Minim is more emphatic, meaning no, indeed or not in the least, strengthened by vr: minim vr = no, certainly not or the informal minim gentium absolutely not.Imm or m is used especially where a correction of something in the question is given. These expressions are in turn made more emphatic by appeals to deities such as castor by Castor, pol or edepol by Pollux, hercule or mehercule by Hercules, pr Iuppiter by Jupiter, pr d immortls by the immortal gods and similar expressions. When refusing an offer with no, thank you, the Romans simply said: benign or rct.

Appendix II: Colors

amber lectricus |a |um black: dull black ter |tra |trum; glossy black niger |gra |grum; pitch-black piceus |a |um beige flvidus |a |um blond flvus |a |um blue: azure blue venetus |a |um; dark blue caneus |a |um; leaden blue lvidus |a |um; sky-blue caeruleus |a |um (esp. of eyes) bluish subcaeruleus |a |um bluish gray caesius |a |um (often referred by the Romans to blue eyes) brown fulvus |a |um (ranging from dull yellow to reddish brown; applied to hair, wine, sand, gold, stars, jasper); bright brown spdiceus |a |um; dark brown fuscus |a |um [Note: brunneus |a |um is of Germanic origin.] chartreuse chlrnus |a |um chestnut spdx |cis; badius |a |um (applied to horses only) color color |ris m; to color colrre cream-colored eburneus |a |um crimson coccineus |a |um dark colored pullus |a |um dun-colored gilvus |a |um (ranging from almost neutral brownish gray to dull grayish brown, applied to horses) flame-colored flammeus |a |um flesh-colored carneus |a |um gray: ash-gray cinereus |a |um; dark gray pullus |a |um; light gray cnus |a |um (esp. hair); to be gray cne |re |u; to become gray cnsc |ere; to be gray-haired cn capite esse grayish cnscns |entis green viridis |is |e (most common term; virns |entis, viridulus |a |um, are shades of this); bright grass green prasinus |a |um; emerald green smaragdinus |a |um; grass green herbceus |a |um; olive green olevceus |a |um; (deep) sea green venetus |a |um; (light) sea green glaucus |a |um (a dull green, passing into graying blue); very green perviridis |is |e; to be green (of green foliage) vire |re |u; (of things growing) virns |entis, viridns |entis; to become green virsc |ere greenish subviridis |is |e hazel (light to strong brown) fulvus |a |um; (strong brown) spdx |cis lavander lavandulceus |a |um; (pale blue, with a slight mixture of gray) caesius |a |um mauve violceus |a |um ochre slceus |a |im orange aurantius |a |um, lteus |a |um; dull orange armeniacus |a |um (apricot-color) pink roseus |a |um, pniceus |a |um pinkish subroseus |a |um

purple (dull red with a slight dash of blue) purpureus |a |um [purpura golden aureolus |a |um; aureus |a |um was orignally the name of the shell (applied to hair) fish itself; later the name of the dye. 251

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Conversational Latin yellow flvus |a |um (commonest term, a pale yellow); deep yellow (like egg yolk) lteus |a |um or vitellnus |a |um; golden yellow aureus |a |um; lemon yellow citreus |a |um (purest yellow, without any brightness); pale yellow gilvus or gilbus |a |um, lteolus |a |um yellowish flvidus |a |um; subflvus |a |um (of hair, approaching blond) yellowish gray rvus |a |um yellowish orange gilvus |a |um [NoteThe prefix sub- means somewhat, almost and can often be rendered by the English suffix |ish. Thus, albus means white and subalbus means whitish. The vagueness of Latin color terms is due to the origin of colors out of dyestuff and pigments. The colors of minerals vary, and dyes produce different effects according to the mode of preparation and the materials dyed. Their applications have to be guessed from literary sources, which for the most part are incidental and vague. Color names used by poets tend to be applied metaphorically or indefinitely. To get a better idea of how the Romans applied color terms, it is necessary to cite the objects to which colors were attached. For example, when Horace describes Augustus as being transformed into a god, he speaks of the lips of the deified Augustus as purpureus, indicating his health. Purpureus, at least there, is crimson, not purple.] When asking what color something is, the Romans used either the genitive or ablative of description; e.g. What color is the house? Qu colre est domus tua? or Cuius colris est domus tua?

This varied according to the shellfish used and the processing applied. The epithet purpureus came to cover various red colors; now it embraces colors between red and violet: purple, scarlet, crimson, rosy red) red rfus |a |um (all shades); ruber |bra |brum (common term for any pure red); blood red sanguineus |a |um; bright red rutilus |a |um; cardinal-red cardinlis |is |e; dark red rubidus |a |um; cherry-red cerasinus |a |um; deep red coccineus |a |um; pure lively red phoeniceus |a |um, pniceus |a |um reddish subruber |bra |brum, rubellus |a |um; subrfus |a |um, rfulus |a |um (of hair); rubicundus |a |um (of the skin: flushed) rust-colored rubiginsus |a |um sandy (hair) fulvus |a |um scarlet minitus |a |um; dull scarlet phoeniceus |a |um silvery argenteus |a |um snow-white see white strawberry-blond fulvus |a |um tan fulvus |a |um tawny fulvus |a |um (dull yellow, with a mixture of gray and brown); cervnus |a |um (is a darker shade of it) turquoise turicus |a |um vermilion coccineus |a |um, minitus |a |um violet violceus |a |um white: dead white albus |a |um; dull white crtceus |a |um; shiny white candidus |a |um; snow-white niveus |a |um (the purest white) whitish subalbus |a |um, albulus |a |um, subalbidus |a |um

Appendix III: Numbers

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 101 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000 2,000 10,000 100,000 CARDINAL nus, na, num duo, duae, duo trs, tria quattuor qunque sex septem oct novem decem ndecim duodecim tredecim quattuordecim qundecim sdecim septendecim duodvgint ndvgint vgint vgint nus nus et vgint vgint duo duo et vgint trgint quadrgint qunqugint sexgint septugint octgint nngint centum centum nus centum et nus ducent, |ae, |a trecent, |ae, |a quadringent, |ae, |a qungent, |ae, |a sescent, |ae, |a septingent, |ae, |a octingent, |ae, |a nngent, |ae, |a mille duo mlia decem mlia centum mlia ORDINAL prmus secundus tertius qurtus quntus sextus septimus octvus nnus decimus ndecimus duodecimus trtius decimus qurtus decimus quntus decimus sextus decimus sptimus decimus duodvcsimus ndvcsimus vcsimus vcsimus prmus vcsimus secundus trcsimus quadrgsimus qunqugsimus sexgsimus septugsimus octgsimus nngsimus centsimus centsimus prmus ducentsimus trecentsimus quadringentsimus qungentsimus sescentsimus septingentsimus octingentsimus nngentsimus millsimus bis millsimus decis millsimus centis millsimus I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII XIV XV XVI XVII XVIII XIX XX XXI XXII XXX XL L LX LXX LXXX XC C CI CC CCC CCCC D DC DCC DCCC DCCCC M MM CCI/C/C CCCI/C/C/C

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Appendix IV: Proverbs and Sayings

[NoteThe proverbs are arranged in alphabetical order. If a proverb does not begin with a significant word, a key word from the proverb is placed at the beginning to help you find the proverb that you are looking for.] advantage: To whose advantage? Cui bon? advantage: One advantage in exchange for another. Quid pr qu. [Something for something.] All or nothing. Aut Caesar aut nllus. [Either Caesar or no one.] Alls well that ends well. Omnia rct sunt quae bene fniuntur. Anger is brief madness. ra furor brevis est. apple cart: Dont upset the apple cart. Nl plaustrum percellere. [Dont knock over the wagon.] attack: A personal attack. Argmentum ad hominem. [An argument against a person (instead of against the issue).] bigger: The bigger they come, the harder they fall. Csus excelss mult facilius nocet. [The fall from high places more readily causes harm.] Birds of a feather flock together. Pars cum paribus facillim congregantur. [Likes easily flock together with likes.] bite off: Dont bite off more than you can chew. Qu maira cupit saepe minra capit. [He who desires bigger things often gets the smaller (ones).] bold front: Youre just putting on a bold front. Audcia pr mr habtur. [Boldness serves as a wall.] borrowed time: Youre living on borrowed time. D lucr vvis. [Youre living on profits.] buyer: Let the buyer beware. Caveat mptor. castles: Youre building castles in the air. In arn aedifics. [You are building on sand.] Caught in the act (or caught redhanded). In flagrant dlict. [In a flagrant crime.] changes: After making all necessary adjustments. Mtts mtands. [Things having been changed that must be changed.] Charity begins at home. Prma crits incipit s ips. [Charity first begins with oneself.] Cheap gift, cheap thanks. Vle dnum, vlis grtia. chickens: Dont count your chickens before they are hatched. Adhc tua messis in herb est. [Your harvest is still on the stalk.] childhood: The old are in second childhood. Bis puer sens. [Old men are boys twice.] Clothes make the man. Vestis virum facit. companion: A constant companion. (e.g., a favorite book) Vde mcum. [Go with me.]

Crying brings a certain pleasure. Est quaedam volupts flre. [To cry is a certain pleasure.] 254

Appendix IV: Proverbs and Sayings damn: People damn what they do not understand. Damnant quod nn intellegunt. dead: Say nothing but good about the dead. D mortus nl nisi bonum. deaf: To preach to deaf ears. Ad surds aurs cantre [To sing to deaf ears.] die: The die is cast. Iacta est lea. Do nothing in excess. N nimium. [Not too much.] Do unto others as you would have done unto you. Ab ali exspects alter quod fceris. [You may expect from another what you have done to the other.] dogs: Let sleeping dogs lie. Nl irritre lens. [Do not provoke lions.] Dont worry about tomorrow. Quid sit futrum crs, fuge quaerere. [Dont ask what tomorrow will be.] drinking buddy: I hate a drinking buddy with a (good) memory. d memorem comptrem. drop: A drop hollows out stone. Gutta cavat lapidem. education: No one can take your education from you. Hom doctus in s dvtis semper habet. [An educated person always has wealth within himself.] eggs: Dont put all your eggs in one basket. N committs omnia n nv. [Dont entrust everything to one ship.] eleventh: At the eleventh hour. Inter caesa et porrcta. [between the slaughtering and the offering] end: Look, the end is in sight! Fnis ecce labrum! [Behold, the end of troubles.]

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Enjoy the moment. Carpe diem. [Pluck the day.] err: To err is human, to forgive, divine. Errre hmnum est, ignscere dvnum. Everyone has his price. Vnlis populus, vnlis cria patrum. [The people are for sale, for sale is the senate.] Experience is the best teacher. sus est optimus magister. faith: In good faith. Bon fid. Familiarity breeds contempt. Conversti parit contemptum. [Close association produces contempt.] fates: Fate leads the willing; it drags the unwilling. Dcunt volentem fta, nlentem trahunt. favor: To accept a favor is to sell ones freedom. Beneficium accipere, lberttem est vndere. Fight over nothing. D ln caprn rxr. [To quarrel about goats wool.] fire: Fight fire with fire. Similia similibus crantur. [Like things are taken care of by like.] First come, first served. Prior tempore, prior ire. [First in time, first by right.] foot: You put your foot in your mouth. s tacuisses, philosophus mnsisses. [Oh, if you had remained silent, you would have remained a philosopher.] forward: Not to go forward is to go backward. Nn prgred est regred. fox: A fox changes its fur, not its nature. Vulps pilum mtat, nn mrs. friend: A friend in need is a friend indeed. Is est amcus qu in r dubi

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Conversational Latin loquitur. [From the abundance of the heart the mouth speaks.] high road: I see the high road but take the low road. Vide melira probque; dterira sequor. [I see and approve of the better; I follow the worse.] High offices change ones character. Honrs mtant mrs. holy of holies. Snctum Snctrum. horse: A fast-running horse needs no spurs. Equ current nn opus calcribus. hovel: A great man can come from a hovel. Exre magnus vir ex tuguri potest. I am what you will be; I was what you are. (On a Roman tombstone) Sum quod eris; fu quod es. imitator: Oh imitators, you servile herd. imittrs, servum pecus. impressions: First impressions are deceptive. Frns prma mults dcipit. [The first appearance deceives many.] indispensable: An indispensable condition. Causa sine qu nn. Its not who you are but what you are that counts. Nn quis sed quid. [Not who but what.] Its a good omen. men faustum est. Jack of all trades. Aliquis in omnibus, nllus in singuls. [A somebody in general, a nobody in particular.] Jack of all trades. Hom omnis Minervae. [A person of all Minerva = goddess of handicrafts.] justice: Let justice be done though the heavens fall. Fiat istitia, ruat caelum. Kill two birds with one stone. Dus pariets d edem fidli dealbre.

r iuvat. [He is a friend who really helps in need.] give: He gives twice who gives quickly. Bis dat, qu dat cito. glory: So passes away the glory of the world. Sc trnsit glria mund. God willing De volente. God helps those that help themselves. Forts fortna adiuvat. [Fortune helps the brave.] God: If God (is) for us, who (can be) against us? S Deus pr nbs, quis contr ns? golden: The golden mean. Aurea mediocrits. grain: With a grain of salt. Cum grn slis. greedy: The greedy man always feels need. Semper avrus eget. grief: True grief is a private matter. Ille dolet vr qu sine teste dolet. [He truly grieves who grieves without a witness.] guard: Who will guard the guards? Quis custds custdiet? hair: Even a single hair casts a shadow. Etiam capillus nus habet umbram suam. Hard work overcomes all. Labor vincit omnia. Harp on the same old theme. Eandem recoquere crambem. [To recook the same cabbage.] Haste makes waste. Festnti tarda est. [Haste is slow.] hat: Thats old hat. Cramb repetta est. [Its cabbage served up again.] heart: My heart was in my throat. Anima mihi in ns erat. heart: One speaks whats in ones heart. Ex abundanti cordis s

Appendix IV: Proverbs and Sayings [To whitewash two walls with one bucket.] Kindness begets kindness. Grtia grtiam parit. Knowledge is power. Ipsa scientia potests est. law: No one is above the law. Caesar nn supr grammatics est. [Caesar is not above grammarians.] learn: People learn while they teach. Homins, dum docent, discunt. Like father, like son. Colubra restem nn parit. [A snake does not give birth to a rope.] like: He who says whatever he likes, must hear what he does not like. Qu quae vult dcit, quae nn vult audiet. live: Dont live one way in private, another in public. Nn vvs aliter in slitdine, aliter in for. logical: Thats not logical. Nn sequitur. [It doesnt follow.] lonely: He is absolutely lonely who is friendless. Slus omnn est qu sine amc est. Love is blind. Nm in amre videt. [No one sees when in love.] love: A woman loves or hates; theres nothing inbetween. Aut amat aut dit mulier; nihil est tertium. love: You cant hide love or a cough. Amor tussisque nn clantur. [Love and a cough do not hide.] lucky: Youre lucky to be alive. D lucr vvis. [Youre living on profits.] make mountains out of molehills rv flmina magna facere matter: The matter is still undecided. Adhc sub idice ls est. [The case is still before the judge.]

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mind: A sound mind in a sound body. Mns sna in corpore sn. Moderation in all things. Modus in omnibus. moon: To promise the moon. Monts aur pollicr. [To promise mountains of gold.] nail: Youve hit the nail on the head. Ac rem tetigist. [Youve touched the thing with a needle.] Necessity is the mother of invention. Ingenisa rrum egests est. [Need of things is ingenious.] Necessity takes no vacation. Necessits caret fris. needle: To look for a needle in a haystack. Ndum in scirp quaerere. [To look for a knot on a bulrush.] Nip the thing in the bud. Prncipis obstre. [To block the beginnings.] No sooner said than done. Citius fact. (also: Dictum factum.) No one is obliged to do more than he can. Ultr posse nm obligtur. nose: To lead someone by the nose. Labis aliquem ductre. [To lead somone by the lips.] Nothing new under the sun. Nl dictum quod nn prius dictum. [Nothing said that has not been said before.] Nothing ventured, nothing gained. Bene est tentre. [It is good to try.] Now or never. Nunc aut numquam. office: By virtue of his (her) office. Ex offici. One of a kind. Su generis. One quarrel leads to another. Ls ltem generat. [Strife begets strife.] opinion: There are as many opinions as there are people. Quot homins,

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Conversational Latin right: Where theres a right, theres an obligation. Ubi is, ibi officium. road: The road to the stars is through the rough. Per aspera ad astra. [Through the rough to the stars.] rock: Between a rock and a hard place. Inter sacrum saxumque. [Between the altar and the sacrificial knife.] Rome: When in Rome, do as the Romans do. Cnsuetd loc observanda est. [The custom of the place must be observed.] scratch: You scratch my back, and Ill scratch yours. Manus manum lavat. [A hand washes a hand.] scratch: To start over from scratch. Ad carcers calce revocr. [To be called back from the finish line to the starting gate.] secret: If you want another to keep your secret, keep it first yourself. Alium silre quod vols, prmus sil. Seeing is believing. Vid et crde. [See and believe.] Self-love is blind. Caecus est amor su. [Love of oneself is blind.] Shame on you! Pr pudor! [For shame.] Silence is consent. Qu tacet, cnsentit. [He who is silent gives his consent.] smoke: Where theres smoke, theres fire. Flamma fm est proxima. [A flame is next to smoke.] sore spot: Youve hit a sore spot. Tangis ulcus. [You are touching a sore.] sow: As you sow, so shall you reap. Ut smentem fceris, ita mets. Speaking of the devil. Lupus in fbul (or in sermne). [Wolf in the story (or conversation).]

tot sententiae. [As many people, so many opinions.] own: To each his own. Suum cuique. pair: They make a pair. Pr bene compartum. [A well matched pair.] Patience is a cure for all pain. Cuivs dolr remedium est patientia. peace/war: He who desires peace should prepare for war. Qu dsderat pcem praeparet bellum. peas: As like as two peas in a pod. Tam similis quam lacte lct est. [As similar as milk is to milk.] plans: The best laid plans often go awry. Bene cgitta saepe cecidrunt male. [Well thought-out things have often turned out badly.] please: You cant please everbody. Frstr labrat qu omnibus placre studet. [He who tries to please everyone labors in vain.] point: Carrying a point to extremes. Reducti ad absurdum. Pour oil on the flame. Oleum addere camn. [To add oil to the stove.] Practice makes perfect. Exercitti optima magistra est. [Practice is the best teacher.] public: For the public good. Pr bon pblic. punishment: Let the punishment fit the crime. Culpae (or noxiae) poena pr est. Quality rather than quantity. Nn multa sed multum. [Not many things but much.] reap: You reap what you sow. Ut sementem fceris, ita mets. [As you will have done the sowing, so you shall reap.] Repetition is the mother of studies. Repetti est mter studirum. right: By what right? Qu ire?

Appendix IV: Proverbs and Sayings stomach: You cant study well on a full stomach. Plnus venter nn studet libenter. [A full stomach does not study well.] stomach: The stomach doesnt have ears. (i.e., dont preach to the hungry.) Venter nn habet aurs. stone: A rolling stone gathers no moss. Lapis voltus haud msc obdcitur. [A rolling stone does not get covered with moss.] Strike the iron when it is hot. Ferrum, dum in igne candet, cdendum est. [Iron must be struck while it glows in the fire.] surprised: Be surprised at nothing. Nl mrre. taste: You cant argue about taste. D gustibus nn disputandum est. [There should be no dispute about tastes.] tears: Nothing dries faster than tears. Lacrim nihil citius rscit. tea pot: To stir up a tempest in a tea pot. Excitre flcts in simpul. [To stir up waves in a ladle.] Thank God. De grtis. tiger: I have a tiger by the tail. Auribus tene lupum. [I have a wolf by the ears.] tiger: A tiger never changes his stripes. Vulps pilum mtat, nn mrs. [The fox changes his fur, not his character.] Time brings all to light. Tempus omnia revlat. Time flies. Tempus fugit. Time will tell. Dis vrittem aperit. [Time uncovers the truth.] Times change, and we change with them. Tempora mtantur, ns et mtmur in ills. tip: Its on the tip of my tongue. Verstur mihi in prmribus labrs. [Its on the edge of my lips.]

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tit: To give tit for tat. Pr par respondre. [To render like for like.] tongue: To have tongue in cheek. Tacit rdre ns. [To laugh with a quiet nose.] treasure: Where your treasure is there is also your heart. Ubi est thesaurus tuus, ibi est et cor tuum. Trust begets trust. Fids facit fidem. tune: Youre singing the same old tune. Cantilnam eandem canis. [Youre singing the same refrain.] waste: You are wasting your time. Laterem crdum lavs. [You are washing an unbaked brick.] wealth: Where there are friends, there are riches. Ubi amc, ibi ops. welfare: The welfare of the people is the supreme law. Sals popul suprma est lx. Well, the last of the Romans! Em, ultimus Rmnrum. Where theres life theres hope. Dum anima est, sps est. [As long as there is breath, there is hope.] Winning is everything. Vincere aut mor. [To conquer or to die.] wise: A word to the wise is sufficient. Dictum sapient sat est. world: The world wants to be deceived. Mundus vult dcip. words: They went from words to blows. verbs ad verbera. [From words to blows.] wrong: One wrong does not excuse another. Iniria nn excsat iniriam. Youre getting in over your head. Magnum mare ingrederis. [Youre entering the great sea.]

Appendix V: Computer Terms

address nscrpti |nis f lectronica address book liber |r m nscrptinum lectronicrum attachment appendicula |ae f, documentum | n annexum boot up initi |re |v systma booting-up inititi |nis f systmatis browse (the Web) nvigre; (text documents) perlstrre browser (Web viewer) nvigtrum | n; (viewer of text documents) perlstrtrum | n button plctrum | n byte octtus | m carbon copy exemplar |ris n carbneum CD compactus discus | m CD-ROM compactus discus | m opticus chip talus | m click tr dprim |ere dpress; pulsre; left-click sinistrrsum dprimere; right-click dextrrsum dprimere; double-click bis dprimere or bis pulsre close concld |ere | conclsus command iussum | n compact disk (CD) compactus discus | m computer s computtrum | n, rdintrum | n computer adj computtrlis |is |e, rdintrlis |is |e computer game lsus |s m computtrlis; to play a computer game ls computtrlem ld |ere ls connect cnect |ere cnexu cnexus connection connexus |s m copy s exemplar |ris n copy exemplar facere crash intr corru |ere | cursor cursor |ris m cut and paste sec secre secu et gltinre cyberspace cyberspatium | n data data |rum npl database datrum repositrium | n DCD digitlis compactus discus | m delete dle dlre dlv dltus desktop (on the screen) in quadr digital digitlis |is |e directory plicrum index |icis m disk discus | m; floppy disk discus flexibilis disk drive discrum receptculum | n, nstrmentum | n discs legends diskette disculus | m download ex rte prehend |dere |d |sus (or exprom |ere |ps |tus drag trah |ere trax edit d dere did ditus electronic lectronicus |a |um e-mail s litterae |rum fpl lectronicae; (the system) cursus |s m lectrnicus e-mail tr (ad aliquem) litters lectronics mittere 260

Appendix V: Computer Terms e-mail address nscrpti |nis f lectronica enter tr in computtrum refer referre retul reltus file documentum | n folder coperculum | n font typus | m format s forma |ae f format tr (discum) cnformre forward (e-mail letter) dfer dferre dtul dltus garbage in, garbage out ex quisquilis fiunt quisquiliae hacker plagirius | m (a |ae f) lectronicus (-a), effrctrius | m (a |ae f) lectronicus (-a) hard drive dra stati |nis f hardware appartus |s m computtrlis home page pgina |ae f domestica hypertext adj hypertextulis |is |e hypertext s hypertextus |s m icon cn, conis f input s initus |s m; input and output (datrum) initus exitusque install nstru nstruere nstrux nstructus internet s interrte |is n internet adj interrtilis |is |e joystick vectis |is m, vectulus | m key malleol us | m, plctrum | n keyboard plctrologium | n, rd |inis m plctrrum laptop computtrulum | n portabile link tr cnect |ere cnexu cnexus link s cnexus |s m linker cnectrum | n linking s cnexi |nis f list (mailing list) grex, gregis m (interrtilis)

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list owner gregis modertor |tris m (trx |trcis f) log in intr ine |re |v or |i initrus log out intr exe |re |v or i exitrus magnetic magnticus |a |um mail litterae |rum fpl lectronicae, epistula |ae f lectronica memory memoria |ae f menu iussrum tabella |ae f message nntius | m modem trnsmodultrum | n monitor monitrium | n, capsa |ae f computtrlis mouse msculus | m, ms, mris m mouse clicker mris pulsbulum | n net rte |is n open aperi |re |u |tus operating system systma |atis n internum output exitus |s m password tessera |ae f personal computer computtrum | n domesticum pointer (mris) index |icis m port portus |s m print typs imprim |ere impress impressus printer machina |ae f typographica, impressrium | n processor ditrium | n program s programma |atis n program tr programm |re |v |tus programmer programmtor |tris m (trx |cis f) prompt monitus |s m RAM memoria |ae f voltilis

262 reboot redinitire reply responde |re | ROM memoria |ae f fixa

Conversational Latin subscribe subscrb |ere subscrps terminal terminle |is n text textus |s m thread seris | f epistulrum lectronicrum toolbar nstrmentrum tabella |ae f tools nstrmenta |rum npl turn off exstingu |gere |x |tus turn on excitre type dactylographre unsubscribe cessre URL niversle Rrum Loctrum | n, nscrpti |nis interrtilis web site situs |s m interrtilis window fenestella |ae f word processor programma |atis n ditrium World Wide Web (WWW) Tla |ae f Ttus Terrae (TTT) write compn |ere composu compositus; to write a program programma compnere

run tr to run a program programma administrre intr operor |r |tus sum; the program is running programma opertur save servre scan scand |dere |d |sus scanner scnsrium | n screen quadrum | n vsficum scroll down dvolv |ere | send mitt |ere ms missus shut down claud |ere claus clausus software parts |ium fpl programmtinis spam sagnti |nis speaker megaphnium | n spread sheet charta |ae f computtva string seris | f subdirectory plicrum subindex |icis m

Appendix VI: Latin Songs

263

Appendix VI: Cants Latn Latin Songs

Ecce Caesar ______________________________________
(Clementine or Ode to Joy) 1. Ecce Caesar nunc triumphat qu subgit Galliam Cviumque multitd celebrat victriam. Chorus: Gius Ilius Caesar noster, impertor, pontifex, Prmum praetor, deinde cnsul, nunc dicttor, moxque rx. 2. En victrs prcdents, laet flribus novs, Magn praed sunt pott et captvs plrims. 3. Exsultants magn vce i triumphe concinunt, Dum aurtum ante currum victae urbs prcdunt. 4. Legins Viam Sacram ttam complent strepit, Capitlnumque collem scandit Caesar in curr. 5. sl pulcher, laudande, Caesarem recpimus, et corn triumphl honrtum vdimus.

Gaudemus igitur _________________________________

Gaudemus igitur, iuvens dum sumus (2) Post icundam iuventtem, Post molestam senecttem Ns habbit humus, Ns habbit humus. Ubi sunt qu ante ns in mund fure? (2) Trnses ad supers, abes ad nfers, qus s vs vidre, qus s vs vidre. Vta nostra brevis est, brev fnitur; (2) Venit mors velciter, Rapit ns atrciter Nmin parctur, Nmin parctur. Vvat acadmia, vvant prfessrs, (2) Vvat membrum quodlibet, Vvant membra quaelibet; Semper sint in flre, Semper sint in flre.

264

Conversational Latin Vvat et rs pblica, et qu illam regit (2) Vvat nostra cvits, Maecntum crits, quae ns hc prtegit, quae ns hc prtegit.

T, can, Patria ___________________________________

(America) T can, patria, candida lbera, t referet. Portus et exulum, et tumulus senum Lbera montium vx resonet.

Battle Hymn of the Republic ________________________

Advenientis domin cnspex glriam; rrum vs conterns calcat vndmiam; vgnvit fulguris ftlis lminam; Incdit vrits. Glria, glria, allelia! Glria, glria allelia! Glria, glria allelia! Incdit vrits.

T es Sl meus ___________________________________
(You are my Sunshine) T es sl meus, sl slus meus, Laetifics m cum nbs sunt. numquam scis quantum t amem, Nl, ss, auferre slem. T semper amb() et laetificb, S modo eris similis. Sed s m linquis et aliam ams, Paenitbit t lim. T es sl meus, sl slus meus, Laetifics m cum nbs sunt. numquam scis quantum t amem, Nl, ss, auferre slem.

Dlcta est trns ceanum __________________________

(My Bonnie Lies Over the Ocean) Dlcta est trns ceanum, Nn est iam dlecta dom! Dlcta est trns ceanum Refer dlectam ad m. Refrain: Refer, refer, O refer dlctam ad m, ad m Refer, refer, O refer dlctam ad me.

Appendix VI: Latin Songs

265

Domus in Prt ___________________________________

(Home on the Range) D m domum ubi r errant, Ubi cerv et dorc ldunt; Et rr auds verbum incommodum Et nbila caela nn sunt. Chorus: Domus in prt Ubi cerv et dorc ldunt; Et rr auds verbum incommodum Et nbila caela nn sunt.

Penitus in Corde Texae ____________________________

(Deep in the Heart of Texas) Noct stellae Magnae, clrae Penitus in corde Texae. Prt caelum Ltum, altum Penitus in corde Texae. M memorant Quem eg(o) am Penitus in corde Texae. Salvia flrns Est unguentum, Penitus in corde Texae.

Flva Rosa Texiae_________________________________

(The Yellow Rose of Texas) 1. Est flva Rosa Texae b ut videam Nllus cognscit eam Nm, slum ego. Sc flvit cum abv Cor paene frangbat S iterum cobimus Numquam abbimus. Chorus: Dulcissim(a) est rosella Quam Texas albat, Ocl ut diamants Micant scut ros. Dcs d Clmentn, Cants Rosaliam, Sed Flva Rosa Texae Est nica mihi. 2. Ubi Flmen Magnum fluit, Stellae lcent clrae, Per flmen vadbmus Quit noct(e) aestv. Inquit: S meminist, Ut lim discessimus, Prmst t redre Nec sc m linquere.

266

Conversational Latin

Auld Lang Syne __________________________________

1. Sodlittis veteris cr immemor er? Cr temporis praeterit fiet oblvi? Chorus: Ob aevum iam praeteritum, praeteritum di, Ns pculum plnissimum smmus nunc man. 2. Tum dextra dextrum implicet, vx fdissim; Prlix prolumus ns flminibus vn.

Happy Birthday to You ____________________________

Flx ntlis tibi, Flx ntlis tibi, Flicissimus dis Ntlis tibi! N.B. For additional Latin songs, see Latine Cantemus, Franz Schlosser, BolchazyCarducci Publisher, Inc., ISBN 0-86516-315-4

General Vocabulary
N.B. This General Vocabulary is a compilation of the topical vocabularies in the chap- ablative adj abltvus |a |um; ablative ters. For a more complete resource, case csus |s m abltvus, consult Traupman, Latin Dictionary, abltvus | m; in the ablative case Amsco, N.Y. cs abltv The principal parts of the following commonly occurring verbs are not provided in the vocabulary: accipi accipere accp acceptus ag agere g ctus d dare ded datus dc dcere dx dictus dc dcere dx ductus faci facere fc factus habe habre habu habitus ld ldere ls lsus sum esse fu futrus veni venre vn ventum able: be able to possum posse potu (+ inf), que qure quv or qui (+ inf) abounding in abundns |antis (+ abl) about (approximately) circiter, fer; (concerning) d (+ abl) above supr (+ acc); be above (e.g., bribery) indignor |r |tus sum (+ acc) abroad: from abroad extrnsecus |a |um; go abroad, live abroad, travel abroad peregrnor |r absence: in my absence m absente absent absns |entis; be absent absum abesse fu futrus; be absent without leave ad commets diem nn adsum adesse adfu absentee absns |entis mf absolutely omnn, prrsus; absolutely nothing nihil prrsus abstract noun s appellti |nis f (ut bonits goodness) to the best of my ability pr me parte

A
A: she explained everything to me from A to Z ab aci et ac mihi omnia exposuit abbreviate brevire, imminu |ere | immintus abbreviation nota |ae f (compendiria)

absurd absurdus |a |um ABCs prmae litterae |rum fpl; know abusive maledicus |a |um ones ABCs litters sci scre scv academy acadmia |ae f abdomen venter |tris m ability facults |tis f; ability to read and write legend scrbendque facults; natural ability ingenium | n; speaking ability dcend facults;

accent s accentus |s m; place the accent on a syllable accentum in syllab pn |ere posu positus

accent mark apex |icis m

267

268

Conversational Latin across trns (+ acc); across from ex advers (+ gen), exadversum (+ acc) act intr ag |ere g ctus; act as a friend amcum agere; (behave) act badly s turpiter ger |ere gess active alacer |cris |cre; (gram) ctvus |a |um; active service: be on active service stpendia facere; active verb verbum agend or agns or ctvum; active voice genus |eris n ctvum; be active in versor |r |tus sum in (+ abl)

accident csus |s m; calamits |tis f (autocntica) accidentally cs, fortut accommodations hospitium | n accomplish cnfici |ere cnfc cnfectus accomplished rudtus |a |um according to secundum (+ acc) accordion harmonica |ae f dductilis

account rati |nis f; audit accounts ratins dispung |gere |x |ctus; actor histri |nis m, ctor |ris m balance accounts ratins cnfer cnferre contul colltus; the account actress ctrx |cis f balances rati cnstat acute (illness) actus |a |um accountant raticintor |ris m, ad praecnium | n raticintrx |cis f Adams apple pmum | n Adm; account books tabulae |rum fpl ndus | m gutturis (accept et expns) add (to) adici |ere adic adiectus (+ accounting cnfecti |nis f tabulrum; dat) keep (accounting) books tabuls adding machine mchina |ae f cnfici |ere cnfc cnfectus additinlis accusation accsti |nis f addition: in addition accdit quod (+ accuse accsre (with acc of person and indic) gen or d + abl of the charge); address s nscrpti |nis f cursulis; argu |ere | (with acc of the person (comput) nscrpti lectronica and gen of the charge); accuse s.o. address tr adloquor | adloctus sum; of a capital offense aliquem re (a letter) nscrb |ere nscrps capitlis reum (-am) facere inscrptus; a letter addressed to you ache intr dole |re |u; I ache all over epistula tibi nscrpta ttus (-a) dole address book (comput) liber |br m ache s dolor |ris m; have a headache nscrptinum (lectronicrum) capite labrre; have a toothache adhesive glten |inis n; adhesive tape dente labrre taenia |ae f adhaesva acquit (of) absolv |ere | absoltus (d adjacent to conterminus |a |um (+ dat) + abl; more rarely w. gen); acquit s.o. of a capital crime aliquem adjectival adj adiectvlis |is |e capitis absolvere adjective s adiectvum | n acquittal absolti |nis f acrobat petauristrius | m (a |ae f) adjoin adiungor | adinctus sum (+ dat)

General Vocabulary adjoining inctus |a |um; adjoining rooms incta cubicula adjourn amplire administration administrti |nis f admirable admrbilis |is |e admiration admrti |nis f admission ticket tessera |ae f aditilis adopt adoptre adoptive daughter flia |ae f adoptva adoptive son flius | m adoptvus adore adrre Adriatic Hadriticum mare |is n adult adj adultus |a |um, grandis |is |e aedile aedlis |is m aedileship aedlits |tis f affable affbilis |is |e

269

affair rs, r f; have an affair with s.o. cnsuetdinem cum aliqu habre affected affecttus |a |um affection amor |ris m affectionate amns |antis afraid formdulsus |a |um; afraid of timidus |a |um (+ gen); be afraid (of) time |re |u (+ acc), metu metuere metu; I am afraid that vereor |r veritus sum n ; what are you afraid of? quid est quod metuis?

adult s adultus hom |inis m; (not including aged persons) pbs |is mf after conj postquam (+ indic) after prep post (+ acc); (immediately advantage bonum | n; be of after) or ex (+ abl), d (+ abl); advantage (to) prsum prdesse after all r vr; after this post hc; prfu (+ dat); derive great after that deinde, subinde; be after advantage from multum commodum s.o. (romantically) aliquem pet |ere ex aliqu r capere; take advantage | v; immediately after statim or of s.o.s ignorance alicuius ab (+ abl) ignorantiam sibi quaestu habre; take advantage of the opportunity occsinem nancscor | nnctus sum; to whose advantage was it (that )? cui bon fuit (+ acc w. inf)? adverb adverbium | n adverbial adverbilis |is |e advertise prscrb |ere prscrps prscrptus advertisement praecnium | n; (poster) prscrpti |nis f advice cnsilium | n; good advice rctum cnsilium; I will take your advice on the matter cnsilium tuum illus re capiam; on your advice t auctre; sound advice vrum cnsilium advise sude |re sus (+ dat) afternoon tempus |oris n postmerdinum; in the afternoon postmerdi, post merdiem; this afternoon hodi post merdiem

afterwards poste again iterum, rrsus; again and again identidem, etiam atque etiam age aets |tis f; at age fifteen decimum quntum annum agns |entis; he is under twenty years of age minor vgint annrum est; she was ten years of age erat decem anns nta aged annsus |a |um, longaevus |a |um agile agilis |is |e ago (prepositive) abhinc, e.g., ten years ago abhinc decem anns; a short

270

Conversational Latin

while ago paul ante; how long ago? all omnis |is |e; all along: I knew all along sque ab initi scv; all but quam prdem?; long ago iamddum, propemodum: I have all but given iamprdem; not so long ago haud ita up hope propemodum spem dms; prdem; sometime ago prdem all in all prrsus; in all omnn; all ddum over the world ubque terrrum; all agree (with) cnsenti |re cnsns right quidem, licet; its all right cnsnsus (cum + abl) rct est; bene habet; all the same agreeable commodus |a |um, grtus |a (anyhow) nihil stius; alls well |um salva rs est; all the way from sque ab (+ abl); its all over! ctum est!; agreement foedus |eris n; according to all there: are you quite all there? the terms of the agreement ex satisne snus (-a) es?; all too late foedere immo iam sr aha! attat! allegation nsimulti |nis f ahead: go ahead, tell me! Agedum, dc allege argu |ere | argtus mihi!; ahead of time ante tempus ail: what ails you? quid tibi est? ailment malum | n airbag erius follis |is m air conditioner nstrmentum | n r temperand aircraft carrier nvis |is f roplangera airline trmes |itis m erius airplane roplanum | n airport roportus |s m air pressure pressi |nis f eria alarm suscitbulum | n; (terror) pavor |ris m; set the alarm for (six oclock) obicem ad (hram sextam) nfg |ere nfx nfxus; the alarm went off suscitbulum sonuit alarm clock hrologium | n suscittrium alcohol alcohol |is n alcoholic alcoholicus |a |um alert cer |cris |cre alibi absentiae argmentum | n alimony alimnium | n alley angiportum | n alliance foedus |eris n, societs |tis f; conclude an alliance with foedus c |ere | |tus cum (+ abl); form an alliance with societtem facere cum (+ abl) alluring illecebrsus |a |um almond amygdalum | n almost paene, fer (postpositive); almost like paene quasi alone slus |a |um along per (+ acc), secundum (+ acc); along with n cum (+ abl); I knew all along iam inde prncipi scv aloud clr; read aloud clr leg |ere lg lctus alphabet s alphabtum | n, prmae litterae |rum fpl, elementa |rum npl Alpine Alpnus |a |um; Alpine chain Alpium iuga |rum npl Alps Alps |ium fpl already iam alright licet also etiam

General Vocabulary alternating current fluentum | n alternum although quamquam (+ indic); quamvs (+ subj), cum (+ subj) always semper ambassador legtus | m (a |ae f) ambition ambiti |nis f ambitious ambitisus |a |um ambulance arcera |ae f, autoarcera |ae f America America |ae f; North America America Septentrinlis; South America America Merdina American Americnus |a |um amount: it amounts to the same thing tantundem est amphitheater amphithetrum | n amplifier amplifictrum | n amuse oblectre; amuse oneself s oblectre amusement: for ones amusement anim caus amusement park hort |rum mpl pblic oblectri anchor (anchor person) nntitor |tris m (trx |trcis f) and et, atque; and so itaque; and so forth et perinde, et ctera anger ra |ae f angry (at) rtus |a |um (+ dat); be angry (at) succnse |re |u (+ dat); get angry with rscor |r (+ dat); he did nothing for you to be angry at nihil fcit quod succnses anguish angor |ris m animal animal |lis n; wild animal fera |ae f ankle talus | m ankle-length tlris |is |e anklet periscelis |idis f anniversary fstus dis | m anniversrius

271

announcer annntitor |tris m (trx |cis f) annoy male habre; this annoys me hoc m male habet annoyance molestia |ae f annoyed: be annoyed at molest fer ferre tul answer s respnsum | n; give s.o. an answer alicui respnsum redd |dere |did |ditus answer tr (in both speaking and writing: with dat of person and ad + acc of the thing) responde |dre |d |sum; answer a letter ad litters rescrb |ere rescrps; answer in complete sentences tts sententis respondre; answer a question ad interrogtum respondre; Ill answer you point by point tibi respondb (in writing: rescrbam) ad singula; now Ill answer your questions nunc respondb ad ea quae rogvist; thats not an answer to my question aliud t rog answering machine respnstrum | n tlephnicum ant formca |ae f antagonistic nfestus |a |um antecedent s nmen |inis n antecdns antelope bubulus | m, tarandrus | m antepenult s antepaenultima syllaba |ae f anthropologist anthrpologus | m (a |ae f) anthropology anthrpologia |ae f antiquity: in antiquity antquitus [adv]

272

Conversational Latin appetizer gustti |nis f apple mlum | n applecart: upset the applecart plaustrum percell |ere percul

anxiety anxiets |tis f; anxiety about cra |ae f (+ gen) anxious anxius |a |um anxiously anxi

anyhow (just the same) nec e stius; (in apple pie mla npl in crust cocta any event) utique apple polisher adultor |ris m, adultrx |cis f anyone quispiam (gen: ciuspiam); if anyone s quis apply (a remedy) adhibe |re |u |itus; apply oneself to s cnfer cnferre anything else aliquid amplius, quicquam contul (+ dat or ad + acc) aliud apartment diaeta |ae f, cnculum | n; furnished apartment diaeta omn supellectile nstructa apartment building nsula |ae f apathetic dses |idis ape smius | m, smia |ae f Apennines, Apennine Range Apennnus mns |tis m apologize (for) s excsre (d + abl); I apologize to you m tibi excs apology: please accept my apologies quaes, accipe excstins apparently ut vidtur appeal s (attractiveness) suvits |tis f; (legal) appellti |nis f; allow an appeal appelltinem admitt |ere adms admissus; disallow an appeal appelltinem improbre appeal tr (to) appellre (ad + acc) appear appre |re |u; (seem) videor |r vsus sum appendicitis appendictis |idis f appendix (of a book; of the body) appendix |icis f appetite (cib) appetentia |ae f, (cib) appetti |nis f; lack of appetite inedia |ae f; give s.o. a good appetite alicui (cib) appetentiam excitre or facere appointment: have an appointment with cnstittum habre cum (+ abl); keep an appointment ad cnstittum venre appreciate: I appreciate your kindness beneficium tuum tueor tur tuitus sum apricot armeniacum | n April mnsis |is m Aprlis; in April mnse Aprl apron subligar |ris n aqueduct aquaeductus |s m archeologist archaeologus | m (a |ae f); the archeologists excavated this site archaeolog hunc situm excavrunt archeology archaeologia |ae f archery sagittti |nis f (see Chapter V) architect architectus | m architecture architectra |ae f Ardea Ardea |ae f area tractus |s m area code (tlephnicus) numerus | m praelctrius arena arna |ae f Argiletum Argltum | n (a district of Rome extending from the base of the Quirinal to the Capitoline and chiefly

General Vocabulary inhabited by booksellers and mechanics) argue argmentor |r; (to wrangle) altercor |r; stop arguing! dsine (pl: dsinite) altercr! argument altercti |nis f; get into an argument in ltem ambiguam dscend |ere |; put up an argument recsre aristocracy nbilits |tis f, optimts |ium mpl arm s bracchium | n; (upper) lacertus | m (see arms) arm tr armre armaments appartus |s m bell (rarely pl of appartus) armchair sella |ae f bracchita armed armtus |a |um; be armed in arms esse armpit la |ae f, axilla |ae f

273

arrive adveni |re advn adventum; arrive at perveni |re pervn perventum (ad or in + acc) arrogance arrogantia |ae f arrogant arrogns |antis artery artria |ae f art gallery pinacothca |ae f arthritis arthrtis |idis f; articulris morbus | m artichoke cinara |ae f article s (in newspaper or magazine) commentriolus | m, commentti |nis f; (clause in a law, treaty) caput |itis n; (gram) articulus | m (hic haec hoc, normally demonstrative, serve as articles only in declensions); definite (indefinite) article fntus (nfintus) articulus articulate adj disertus |a |um articulate tr articulre

artillery tormenta |rum npl arms: arma |rum npl; arms race armrum certmen |inis n; be under artist artifex |icis m arms in arms esse; by force of arms as adv scut, ut; as far as (up to) sque v et arms; lay down arms ab arms ad (+ acc); as far as (e.g. I am discd |ere discess; take up arms concerned) quoad; as far as I know arma capere quod sci; as for instance ut put; as army exercitus |s m; join the army long as quamdi; as often as ad mlitiam re; raise an army quotiscumque; as soon as cum exercitum comparre prmum; as soon as possible quam prmum; as well as atque; as yet around circ, circiter (+ acc), d (+ adhc abl); around midnight d medi nocte; around noon circiter ashamed: Im ashamed of it m pudet merdiem eius; Im ashamed to say m pudet dcere arouse (feelings) exagitre, suscitre; arouse suspicion suspicinem ask rogre, pet |ere petv pettus; (for move |re mv mtus; arouse information) quaer quaerere from sleep somn excitre quaesv quaestus; ask about (someone, something) d (aliqu) arrest s prehnsi |nis f rogre; ask a few questions pauca arrest tr prehend |dere |d |sus quaerere; ask further questions arrival adventus |s m quaerere ultr; ask s.o. s.th. aliquem

274

Conversational Latin Nn cor omnn habs; at least utique; at most summum; at once continu, moment; at the house of apud (+ acc) Athens Athnae |rum fpl athlete thlta |ae m, thltria |ae f; like an athlete thltic athletic thlticus |a |um; athletic competition thltrum certmen |inis n athletics thltica |ae f

Atlantic Atlanticus |a |um; Atlantic Ocean Atlanticus ceanus | m, Atlanticum mare |is n assault s vs f (acc: vim; abl: v); accuse s.o. of assault (and battery) aliquem atrium trium | n d v (et man) accsre; commit assault against vim facere in (+ acc) atrocious atrx |cis attack s (of illness) impetus |s m, assault tr vim facere in (+ acc) accessi |nis f; (verbal) petti assembly concilium | n |nis f; (mil) oppugnti |nis f assign assignre attack tr oppugnre, adorior adorr asparagus asparagus | m assignment pnsum | n; (written) praescrptum | n; do the assignment pnsum (or praescrptum) perig |igere |g |ctum assistant assistns |entis mf assistant principal see principal associate socius | m (a |ae f) asthma asthma |atis n astrologer astrologus | m astrology astrologia |ae f astronaut astronauta |ae m, astronautria |ae f astronomer astrologus | m adortus sum; (verbally) impugnre; (of a disease) occupre attend tr (to be present at) intersum |esse |fu (+ dat); (school) frequentre intr attend to operam dare (+ dat); Ill certainly attend to it dab equidem operam attention (anim) attenti |nis f; pay attention animum attend |dere |d |tus; pay attention! attende! (pl: attendite!) or animum attende! (pl: anims attendite!); pay attention to what I am saying! dicts mes attende! (pl: attendite!) attentive attentus |a |um, rctus |a |um

aliquid rogre; ask s.o. for s.th. ab aliqu aliquid rogre; ask the teacher (student) a question docentem (discentem) interrogre; ask the price of an item mercis pretium inqur |ere inqusv inqustus; ask this question hoc quaerere; he asked me whether quaesvit m (or d m or ex m) num; he asked you a question ille t interrogvit; I want to ask you this hoc t rogre vol; why do you ask me that? quid m istud rogs?

astronomy astronomia |ae f, astrologia attic subtgulneum | n |ae f attitude gestus |s m; I dont like your astute asttus |a |um attitude gestus tuus mihi displicet at apud (+ acc); at all prrsum, omnn: you have no common sense at all attorney cognitor |ris m, cognitrx |cis f; appoint an attorney to s.o.

General Vocabulary cognitrem alicui adscrb |ere adscrps adscrptus attract concilire, trah |ere trax tractus attractive lepidus |a |um; ( esp. in looks) specisus |a |um, venustus |a |um audiocasette phnocasta |ae f audiotape phnotaenia |ae f audiovisual aid audvsificum subsidium | n August mnsis |is m Augustus; in August mnse August aunt (fathers side) amita |ae f; (mothers side) mtertera |ae f austere asper |era |erum, austrus |a |um author auctor |ris m, auctrx |cis f; (writer) scrptor |tris m (trx |trcis f); classical author classicus scrptor automobile autoraeda |ae f, autocntum | n [used interchangeably] available: be available praest [indecl] esse avalanche lbna |ae f nivlis average adj modicus |a |um average s on the average medi habit ratine; peraequ aw, keep quiet! au, tac! awake: be awake vigilre; be awake all night pervigilre away: away with you! ab abhinc!; be far away long abesse; go away abe |re |i or |v; hes away abest awesome! mrbile! awful drus |a |um awkward inconcinnus |a |um aye yai yai! heu heu!

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B
baby nfns |antis mf baby carriage chramaxium | n back s tergum | n; back of the classroom posterior pars |tis f conclvis scholris; back of the head occipitium | n; get off my back! apage t dors me! back tr fave |re fv fautrus (+ dat) back door postcum | n backhand (tennis) ctus |s m inversus backpack mantica |ae f back seat sds |is f posterior backside (anat) clns |ium mpl, nats |ium fpl; (facetiously) postcum | n backstroke natti |nis f resupna backward (mentally) lentus |a |um backwards retr bacon lardum | n bad malus |a |um, improbus |a |um, alinus |a |um; (weather) adversus |a |um, gravis |is |e; feel (very) bad about (vald) dole |re |ui d (+ abl); too bad about Edward male d Eduard; wine is bad for you vnum est alinum tibi badminton ldus | m pilae pinntae; play badminton pil pinnt ldere (see Chapter V) bag saccus | m; (small bag) sacculus | m; (handbag) bulga |ae f baggage car currus | m sarcinrius baggage cart chramaxium | n sarcinrum baggage check crti |nis f sarcinrum bagpipes triculrium | n; play the bagpipes triculri ldere bait esca |ae f

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Conversational Latin banish (worries, cares) exim |ere exm exmptus; (a person) exterminre banister adminiculum | n bank argentria |ae f, taberna |ae f argentria; (of a river) rpa |ae f; manage a bank argentriam moderor |r modertus sum; the Tiber overflowed its banks Tiberis super rps effsus est bank account rati |nis f argentria bank book libellus | m comparsrum, argentriae libellus | m banker argentrius (a |ae f) banking business argentria |ae f; run a (big) banking business argentriam (maximam) facere bank manager argentriae modertor |tris m (trx |trcis f) bank teller argentrius | m (a |ae f) bank window stiolum | n argentrium bankrupt: go backrupt dcoqu |ere dcox dcoctum bankruptcy dcocti |nis f; declare bankruptcy bonam cpiam irre bar oecus | m ptrius; (of chocolate or soap) quadrula |ae f; barroom oecus | m ptrius; bar stool sedle |is n praealtum, seliquastrum | n; bartender ministrtor |tris m (trx |trcis f), nservitor |ris m; serve at the bar in idicis versr; in for agere barbecue tr in crticul assre barbecue grill crticula |ae f barber tnsor |ris m barber chair sella |ae f tnsria barber shop tnstrna |ae f barely vix

bake coqu |ere cox coctus; torre |re |u tostus; in furn coquere baker pstor |ris m, pstrx |cis f, pnifex |icis m, pnifica |ae f bakery pstrna |ae f, furnria |ae f balance beam tignum | n aequilbri bald calvus |a |um bald head calvitium | n ball (dance) saltti |nis f ball pila |ae f; (inflated) follis |is m; catch the ball pilam or follem excipi |ere excp exceptus; kick the ball follem pede pulsre; play ball pil or folle ldere; throw the ball pilam or follem conici |ere conic ball field campus | m lsrius ball game lsus |s m pilae (or follis) ballot tabella |ae f, suffrgium | n; cast a ballot suffrgium fer ferre tul ltus ballot box suffrgirum cista |ae f ballpoint pen stilus | m sphaertus baloney farcimen |inis n; baloney! fbulae! bamboozle verba dare (+ dat); you bamboozled me mihi verba ddist banana arina |ae f, banna |ae f; he wants to be top banana vult s esse prmum omnium rrum band symphnia |ae f, concentus |s m msicus bandage s fascia |ae f bandage tr (an arm, etc.) ligre, dligre; (a wound) adstring |gere |x adstrctus bang (noise) strepitus |s m bangs (of hair) antiae |rum fpl

General Vocabulary bargain pretium | n specile; buy at a good bargain bene em |ere m mptus baritone cantor |ris m vcis gravis, barytonista |ae m bark intr latrre; bark at allatrre bark s latrtus |s m barley hordeum | n barn horreum | n barnyard cohors |ortis f barometer barometrum | n barracks mlitum contubernium | n

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bat s (club) clva |ae f (lsria); (bird) vespertili |nis m bath balneum | n; public bath thermae |rum fpl bathe tr (a sore limb) fove |re fv; (a person) lavre intr lavr bathroom balneum | n; (small) balneolum | n; (toilet) ltrna |ae f; (public toilet) forica |ae f bathroom sink lbellum | n bath towel gausapina |ae f bathtub solium | n, lbrum | n

battalion cohors, cohortis f barrel (of pottery or wood) dolium | n; battalion commander praefectus | m (wooden) cpa |ae f cohortis base basis |is f; first (second, third, batter clavtor |ris m, clavatrx |cis home) base basis prma (secunda, f, pulstor |ris m, pulstrx |cis f tertia, summa); play first (second, battery accumultrum | n third) base apud prmam (secundam, tertiam) basim ldere (see Chapter V) battle pugna |ae f, proelium | n; the battle of (at or near a town) baseball (the ball itself) basipila |ae f; proelium apud or ad or circ (+ acc); (the sport) ldus | m basipilae; a fight a battle proelium facere; in baseball game basipilae lsus |s battle proeli, aci; naval battle off m, basipilae certmen |inis n; play Tenedos pugna nvlis ante baseball basipil ldere Tenedum; successful battle proelium baseman (first, second, third) (prmus, secundum secundus, tertius) basirius | m (a battlefield acis | f |ae f) bay sinus |s m, recessus |s m basement hypogum | n bay window priectra |ae f basic training rudmenta npl mlitria be sum esse fu futrus, exst |re; be basics elementa |rum npl here, be present adsum adesse adfu; be off to abe |re |i |itum hinc ad basin aqulis |is m(f) (+ acc); be fine bene s habre; basket corbis |is m; make a basket vale |re |u; be up for sale vne follem per corbem iaci |ere ic |re |i; be up in years aette basketball corbifollis |is m; play prvectus |a |um esse; be up to a basketball corbifolle ldere (see task oper par esse Chapter V) beach ltus |oris n bass viol contrbassum | n bat tr & intr clv pulsre beach chair sella |ae f ltorlis (or cubitria)

278 beak rstrum | n beam trabs, trabis f

Conversational Latin bed-ridden valtdinrius |a |um bedroom dormtrium cubiculum | n bedspread opertrium | n, peristrma |atis n bee apis |is f; bees buzz aps bombilant beef bbula |ae f; roast beef bbula assa beehive alveus | m beer cervisia |ae f beer glass hyalus | m cervisrius beer mug urceus | m cervisrius beet bta |ae f before adv ante before conj antequam, priusquam (+ indic) before prep ante (+ acc); (directly in front of) pr (+ abl); before daylight ante lcem; before long propediem; before now antehc begin incipi |ere incp inceptus; begin at incipere ab (+ abl); begin to bloom flrsc |ere; to begin with prmum enim beginning prncipium | n; at the beginning of the year prncipi ann; ineunte ann; from the very beginning iam inde prncipi behave (to act) s ger |ere gess; behave oneself s prob gerere behind prep post (+ acc); (with verbs of motion) pne (+ acc); (in the rear of) terg (+ gen) behind s (anat) postcum | n believe crd |ere crdid crditum (+ dat); believe me mihi crde bell campna |ae f; (small bell) tintinnbulum | n; bell tower campnle |is n

bean faba |ae f; (kidney bean) phaslus | mf bear tr fer ferre tul ltus; (children, young) pari |ere peper partus; (to tolerate) tolerre; bear in mind recordr bear ursus | m, ursa |ae f; bears grunt urs grunniunt bear cub ursae catulus | m beard barba |ae f beat tr (with fists, clubs) (pugns, fstibus) caed |ere cecd caesus; (eggs) coagitre; beat up concd |ere | concsus; (in combat, in competition) vinc |ere vc victus; beat the daylights out of pulchre percopolre intr beat around the bush circumitine tor | sus sum beautician rntrx |cis f beautiful pulcher |ra |rum, formsus |a |um beauty pulchritd |inis f beaver fiber |br m because quod, quia, quoniam become f fier factus sum becoming decns |entis bed lectus | m; (small) lectulus | m; bed of roses rosrium | n; be confined to bed lect teneor |r tentus sum; get out of bed lect surg |gere |rx; go to bed cubitum re; make the bed lectum (or lectulum) stern |ere strv strtus bedbug scinphis |is m bed covers strgula |rum npl bedding strgula |rum npl bed frame sponda |ae f

General Vocabulary bellow (or low) bre; mgi |re |v or |i |tum belly alvus | f belt cingulum | n; zna |ae f (wide belt, usu. of cloth, used by men and women with a tunic; often used as money belt) bench scabellum | n, scamnum | n bend intr s flect |ere flex; bend down (or over) (stoop) s inclnre bend s (of a river) flexus |s m berry bacca |ae f besides adv porr, praetere besides prep praeter (+ acc) besiege (blockade) a town oppidum obsd |ere obsd obsessus best adv maxim; (especially) potissimum bicycle handlebars manubrium | n bicycle pedal pedle |is n bicycle seat sessibulum | n

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bicylist birotrius | m, birotria |ae f big magnus |a |um; amplus |a |um; talk big ampullr big-hearted magnanimus |a |um big-mouth: big-mouth! s drum!; he was always a big-mouth semper drae buccae fuit big toe pollex |icis m bike see bicycle bile blis |is f bill (parl) rogti |nis f; (of money owed) rati |nis f dbit; (paper money) nummus | m chartreus, schedinummus | m; ten-dollar bill nummus chartreus decem dollarrum

best s do ones best pr virl parte; make the best of it aequ anim fer biographer vtae (alicius) scrptor ferre tul ltus; to the best of ones |tris m (trx |trcis f); biographus abilty pr vribus | m (a |ae f) best adj optimus |a |um; (friend) biographical biographicus |a |um summus |a |um; it is best to biography vta |ae f, biographia |ae f optimum est (+ inf) biological biologicus |a |um; biological bet s spnsi |nis f; (the stake) warfare bellum | n biologicum pignus |oris n biologist biologus | m (a |ae f) bet tr I bet he has taken off pn eum abvisse; I bet you he doesnt win t biology biologia |ae f spnsine prvoc illum nn esse bird avis |is f victrum egg vum | n better adj its better to commodius est feather penna |ae f (+ inf); there, thats better! em istuc flap the wings ls plaud |ere rctius!; where is your better half? plaus plausum ubinam est tua altera? flight voltus |s m fly volre; fly away volre better adv melius land (on) nsd |ere nsd (+ dat) better s its for the better in melius est nest ndus | m; build a nest beyond ultr (+ acc) ndificre sing can |ere cecin cantum bicycle birota |ae f; ride a bicycle birot vehor | vectus sum song cantus |s m

280 tail cauda |ae f wing la |ae f birth ntivits |tis f

Conversational Latin blame s culpa |ae f; push the blame on culpam in (+ acc) cnfer cnferre contul colltus blame tr culpre, incsre; blame s.o. for aliquem culpre ob (+ acc); I am to blame in culp sum; I dont blame you tibi nn improper bland lnis |is |e blanket ldx |cis f; blanket of snow tegimen |inis n niveum blast fltus |s m bleachers for |rum mpl bleat (of sheep, rams) blre blender mchina |ae f concsria bless (eccles.) benedc |dcere |dx; bless you! d t ament!; (after s.o. has sneezed) salv! or saltem!

birthday dis | m ntlis (or simply ntlis |is m); Happy Birthday! Flcem Ntlem (tibi exopt) birthday cake lbum | n ntlicium birthday party ntlicia |ae f; give (throw) a birthday party ntliciam dare (agitre) birthday present ntlicium | n birth place ntlis locus | m bishop episcopus | m bit: a bit of advice (food) aliquid cnsili (cib)

bite morsus |s m; (of a snake, insect) ictus |s m; a bite to eat gustulus | blind caecus |a |um m blind alley fundula |ae f bite tr morde |re momord morsus; blindness caecits |tis f (of a snake, insect) c |ere | ictus blinds (on window) trnsenna |ae f bitter acerbus |a |um; (in taste) volbilis; close (open) the blinds trnsennam aperi |re |u (dmitt amrus |a |um |ere dms dmissus) bitterly: complain bitterly graviter block (of a city) vcus | m; s (sports) queror quer questus sum; cry obstructi |nis f bitterly graviter lacrimre, bertim fle flre flv block tr & intr (sports) obst obstre obstit (+ dat), obstru |ere obstrux bitterness acerbits |tis f; (esp. of obstr uctus taste) amritd |inis f blockhead (slang) caudex |icis m black ter |ra |rum; (shiny black) niger blond flvus |a |um |ra |rum blood sanguis |inis m; (outside the black and blue lvidus |a |um; black body) cruor |ris m and blue mark lvor |ris m blood pressure pressra |ae f sanguinis; high blood pressure hypertnia |ae f bloodshot: he has bloodshot eyes ocul eius sanguine suffs sunt blouse plsia |ae f, blsa |ae f

blackbird merula |ae f (see bird) blackboard tabula |ae f tra, tabula |ae f scrptria bladder vsca |ae f blade lmina |ae f

General Vocabulary blow flre; blow hard perflre bludgeon s fstis |is m bludgeon tr fste (or fstibus) concd |ere concd concsus; bludgeon to death fstigre blueberry vaccnium | n blunt (not sharp) hebes |etis; (abrupt) inurbnus |a |um bluntly lberius blurt out effuti |re blush rubsc |ere rubu bluster (boasting) iactti |nis f blustery ventsus |a |um boar aper |r m; boars grunt apr grunniunt board (of wood) tabula |ae f; (food) victus |s m; (council) cnsilium | n; room and board mnsi |nis f et victus |s m board tr (a ship, vehicle, airplane) nscend |ere | in (+ acc) boarding school oecotrophum | n boardwalk ambulcrum | n in ltore boastful iactns |antis body corpus |oris n bodyguard satellts |um mpl

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bomb s missile |is n dirumpns, bomba |ae f; atomic bomb bomba atomica; nuclear bomb bomba nucleris bomb tr missilibus dirumpentibus concuti |ere concuss concussus bombastic bulltus |a |um bomber eroplanum | n bombiferum bond (on the stockmarket) chrmatographum | n bone os, ossis n book liber |br m book bag mantica |ae f librria book binder gltintor |ris m bookcase bibliothca |ae f; built-in bookcase bibliothca pariet nserta book cover tegimentum | n libr bookkeeper acturius | m (a |ae f) bookmark s (comput) nota |ae f bookseller bibliopla |ae mf bookshelf pluteus | m, pegma |atis n librrium bookstore librria |ae f; bibliopola |ae f boorish agrestis |is |e boot pr |nis m (of rawhide, reaching up to the calf, worn by peasants, shepherds, soldiers); caliga |ae f (worn by soldiers of lower rank)

boil tr fervefaci |ere fervefc fervefactus; boil thoroughly lixre intr bullre, ferve |re ferbu; it makes my blood boil facit ut sanguis booting up (comput) inititi |nis f systmatis ab r fervscit boot up (comput) initire systma boiled lixus |a |um bold audx |cis boldness audcia |ae f bolt s (on a door) sera |ae f, pessulus | m; bolt of lightning fulmen n fulminis bolt tr bolt the door stium obserre booze tmtum | n border fnis |is m, cnfnium | n border on atting |ere (+ acc)

bore s molestus | m (a |ae f); dont be a bore n ss odisus (-a) bore tr obtund |ere obtud obtsus

282 boring taedisus |a |um

Conversational Latin bowling lane via |ae f cnria bowling pin cnus | m (lsrius) box pugi(l)lre boxer pugil, pugilis m boxing pugiltus |s m, pugilti |nis f (see Chapter V) boxing champion pugilum rx, rgis m boxing glove caestus |s m boxing match pugiltrium certmen |inis n boxing ring suggestus |s m pugiltrius boyfriend (or girlfriend) amns |antis mf boyhood pueritia |ae f, aets |tis f puerlis; from boyhood on puer bra strophium | n, mamillre |is n bracelet armilla |ae f (worn on the upper arm by the Romans) brag s iactre; brag about iactre; he brags too much about his money pecniam nimis iactat brain cerebrum | n; brains corcillum | n, cor, cordis n; shes got brains corcillum habet brake s sufflmen |inis n; apply the brake rots sufflminre brake lights (autoraedae) lmina |um npl postca brake pedal pedle |is n sufflminis brandy vn spiritus |s m brat procx |cis psi |nis m, frustum | n puer (or puellae) bray (of a mule) rud |ere |v |tum bread pnis |is m; loaf of bread pnis breadcrumb mca |ae f pnis breaded saligneus |a |um

born: be born nscor | ntus (-a) sum borrow mtuor |r |tus sum; borrow money at interest pecniam faenor mtur bosom sinus |s m; (of a female) mamillae |rum fpl boss (owner) dominus | m; (coll) ipsimus | m, ipsima |ae f both uterque utraque utrumque; both of us [lit:, each of us] uterque nostrum bother (annoy) exerce |re |u |itus; dont bother nl t (pl: nlte vs) movre; dont bother me n mihi molestus (-a) ss bothered exercittus |a |um bothersome molestus |a |um boundary fnis |is m; (dividing line) discrmen |inis n; at the boundary between Italy and Switzerland ad discrmen Italiae et Helvtiae bounded: on the east it is bounded by ab oriente clauditur (+ abl) bowels alvus | f bowl intr globum volutre, cns ldere; bowl a strike omns cns (simul) prstern |ere prstrv; go bowling re lsum cnrum bowl s crtr |ris m, lanx, lancis f; (large with handles) catnus | m; (smaller) catillus | m bowling cnrum lsus |s m, cnildium | n (see Chapter V) bowling alley cnrum via |ae f; (the room) oecus | m cnrum lss; (the building) aedificium | n cnrum lss bowling ball globus | m lsrius; globus m cnrum

General Vocabulary breadth ltitd |inis f; in breadth in ltitdinem break tr (arm, dish, law, treaty, ones word) frang |ere frg frctus; (a law) violre; (silence, law) rump |ere rp ruptus; break ones word fidem frangere intr break into a home doms pariets perfodi |ere perfd perfssus breakfast ientculum | n; eat breakfast ientre; ientculum sm |ere |ps |ptus breaking and entering, break-in effrctra |ae f breast (of a female) mamma |ae f, mammilla |ae f breast stroke natti |nis f prna breath: catch ones breath respirre; anhlitum recipere breathe sprre; breathe in nsprre; breathe out exsprre breeze ventulus | m, aura |ae f brew tr brew beer cerevisiam coqu |ere cox coctus intr there is some trouble brewing nesci quid mal concinntur brewery (of beer) bracna |ae f bribe s pretium | n bribe tr corrump |ere corrp corruptus bribery corruptla |ae f; (in politics) ambitus |s m; influenced by bribery corruptus |a |um brick adj latericius |a |um brick s later |eris m (coctlis = baked); lay bricks laters stru |ere strux structus bricklayer laterum strctor |ris m bride npta |ae f bridegroom martus | m brief brevis |is |e; make it brief! in pauca cnfer!

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briefly breviter, summtim, paucs (verbs); to put it briefly ut breviter dcam bright: (beaming) nitidus |a |um; (smart) lculentus |a |um; (eyes) vegetus |a |um; (day, sky) sernus |a |um; (moon, stars, gems) lcidus |a |um; brilliant! sophos!; doct!; absolutely brilliant! imm doct! bring (along) affer afferre attul alltus; bring about effici |ere effc effectus, cnfici; bring oneself to (do s.th.) animum indc |ere indx ut (+ subj); bring to order in rdinem cg |ere cog coctus broad ltus |a |um broadcast s missi |nis f broadcast tr mitt |ere ms missus broadcast station mistrum | n brocade sricum | n aur (or argent) intextum (or intertextum) broil torre |re |u tostus broke: be broke solvend nn esse brooch fbula |ae f brook rvulus | m broom scpae |rum fpl broth is, iris n, isculum | n brother frter |tris m brother-in-law (sisters husband) martus | m sorris; (husbands brother) lvir |vir m brown fuscus |a |um browse (comput) (the Web) nvigre; (text documents) perlstrre

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Conversational Latin bulletin board tabula |ae f pblica bully grasstor |ris m bump: bump against offend |ere |; bump into s.o. (meet accidentally) alicui occurr |ere | bumper contus | m ttrius bun collris |idis f bundle up (against the cold) s bene operi |re |u bunker (golf) obstculum | n; (mil) subterrneum castellum | n burden onus |eris n; place the whole burden on my shoulders mihi omne onus impnere bureau ministerium | n; (chest) armrium | n burglar effrctor |ris m, (parietum) perfossor |ris m burglary (doms) latrcinium | n; commit a burglary pariets perfodi |ere perfd perfssus burn tr ur |ere ss stus; (burn to ashes) cremre; burn down durere intr arde |re |u burner discus | m coctrius burst out laughing rsum effund |ere effd bury the hatchet (fig) simulttem dpn |ere dposu bus raeda |ae f longa, coenautocntum | n bus driver coenautocnt guberntor |tris m (trx |trcis f) bush: dont beat around the bush nl (pl: nlte) schms loqu; he didnt beat around the bush nl circumitine sus est bushed: be bushed dfici |ficere |fc |fectus bushel medimnus | m

browser (comput) (Web viewer) nvigtrum | n; (viewer of text documents) perlstrtrum | n bruise s contsi |nis f bruise tr contund |ere contud contsus brunette fuscus |a |um brush s pniculus | m brush tr verr |ere |; brush the teeth dents purgre bucket situla |ae f; come down in buckets rcetim cadit |ere cecidit csrus; rain buckets rcetim pluere; kick the bucket animam bulli |re |v buckle up s accing |ere accnx; buckle up! t accinge (pl: vs accingite) buddy convictor |ris m; contubernlis |is mf buffalo rus | m bug cmex |icis m buggy csium | n; ride in a buggy csi vehor | vectus sum build exstru |ere exstrux exstructus, aedificre builder structor |ris m, aedifictor |ris m building aedificium | n; put up a building aedificium exstru |ere exstrux exstructus building material aedificnd materia |ae f bull taurus | m; (slang) fbule |rum fpl; bulls eye scopus | m medius; sling the bull (slang) cnfbulor |r |tus sum bullet glns, glandis f plumbea bulletin libellus | m; (message) nntius | m

General Vocabulary business adj negtilis |is |e business s negtium | n; be engaged in business in negti versor |r |tus sum; do (or carry on) business negtior |r |tus sum; I always mind my own business negtium ag semper meum; its my (your, etc.) business to see whats going on meum (tuum, etc.) est vidre quid agtur; run a business negtium exerce |re |u |itus; put s.o. out of business aliquem d negti dici |ere dic diectus; transact business with s.o. negtium cum aliqu trnsig |igere |g |ctus; thats none of your business nihil ad t attinet; what business is it of yours? quid id ad t attinet? business card chartula |ae f negtilis business district emporium | n business establishment (with its premises) negtiti |nis f business letter epistula |ae f negtilis businessman negtitor |ris m businesswoman negtitrx |cis f bust img |inis f busy occuptus |a |um, negtisus |a |um; be busy satag |agere |g busy: busy oneself with versor |r verstus sum in (+ abl) busybody ardli |nis mf but sed, vrum; (when objecting to or correcting a previous statement) at butcher lanius | m (see chapter on food) butcher shop lanina |ae f butter btrum | n butter tr btrum adhibre ad (+ acc) butterfly ppili |nis m button s globulus | m; (comput) plctrum | n

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button tr globuls string |ere strnx strctus buttonhole s.o. aliquem prehnsre buy em |ere m mptus; parre (from s.o. d aliqu); buy at a bargain bene emere buyer mptor |ris m, mptrx |cis f buzz (of a bee, horsefly) bombilre by (a certain time, not later than) ad (+ acc); by January ad mnsem Inurium; by myself per m; by now iam; by the way obiter bye bene val (pl: valte) bypass circuitus |s m bystander persna |ae f mta; among the bystanders in circumstantibus byte (comput) octtus | m

C
cabbage brassica |ae f, cramb |s f cabinet (of advisors) summum cnsilium | n; (furniture) zothcula |ae f cabinet member cnsilirius | m (a |ae f) cackle (of geese) gringi |re; (of hens) gracillre cafe cafum | n cafeteria refectrium | n cage cavea |ae f cahoots: be in cahoots with s.o. cum aliqu colld |dere |s cake placenta |ae f; (esp. for birthdays) lbum | n calculator mchinula |ae f calcultria

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Conversational Latin cap pilleus | m cape prmontrium | n; (clothing) humerle |is n capital caput |itis n capital letter s littera |ae f grandis (opp: littera minta); littera miuscula (opp: minuscula) capital punishment supplicium | n capitis; suffer capital punishment supplici capitis afficior affic affectus sum captain (of a ship) nauarchus | m

calendar calendrium | n; (in the Roman period) fast |rum mpl calf vitulus | m, vitula |ae f; (anat) sra |ae f call (name) nminre, vocre, appellre, dcere, nuncupre; (summon) ad s vocre; arcess |ere |v |tus; call roll nmina citre; call up the troops vocre cpis callous drus |a |um callousness dritia |ae f calm adj placidus |a |um calm s tranquillits |tis f vent, malacia |ae f

car autocntum | n, (auto) raeda |ae f (used interchangeably); car door raedae stiolum | n; car key clvis calmly aequ anim |is f accnsva; car wash raedae camel camlus | m; camels hump lavti |nis f; (place) raedae gibber |eris m lavtrium | n; drive a car raedam gubernre or agere; get (buy) a car camera phtomchina |ae f, mchinula raedam comparre; go by (or in a) |ae f phtographica car raed e re v or i; put the car camp castra |rum npl; camp ground into the garage raedam in campus | m tentrius receptcul collocre; ride in a car campaign intr (pol) ambi |re |v or raed vehor veh vectus sum; stop |i |itum the car raedam sist sistere stit; take (or go for) a ride in a car campaign s expediti |nis f; (pol) gestti nem raed facere; take s.o. petti |nis f by car aliquem raed dcere can aux. v. possum posse potu, que carbon copy exemplar |ris n qure quv or qui carboneum can s vsculum | n stanneum card chartula |ae f; (playing card) canal fossa |ae f chartula |ae f lsria; (ace bni |nis m; jack pedisequus | m; canary fringilla |ae f Canria (see bird) joker chartula |ae f fortnns; king cancer cancer |cr m rx, rgis m; queen rgna |ae f; candid candidus |a |um, apertus |a club crux, crucis (gen pl: crucum) f; |um diamond rta |ae f; heart cor, cordis n; spade pla |ae f); card candidate candidtus | m (a |ae f), game chartulrum (lsrirum) pettor |tris m (trx |trcis f) lsus |s m; play cards chartuls candy cuppediae |rum fpl; piece of (lsris) ldere; shuffle (cut, deal) candy dulciolum | n the cards chartuls misce |re |u canvas textile |is n; a painting on mxtus (spn |ere sposu canvas pctra in textil spositus, distribu |ere |u); suit

General Vocabulary color |ris m; trick vics fpl (nae, bnae, trnae, quaternae); trump color |ris m praeltus; intr chartuls feri |re care cra |ae f; (diligence) dligentia |ae f; take good care of your health! cr dligenter valtdinem tuam!

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care for (like) crre; for all I care me caus; I dont care about such things ista nn cr; I dont care for her ea me cord nn cra est; I dont care to say more nn libet cash argentum | n presentrium, plra dcere; I dont really care as numertum | n; I need cold cash long as me nl rfert dum (+ opus mihi est numms calids; pay indic); take care of (treat) crre; $10 in cash for dnumerre decem take care of yourself cr ut vales dollars praesentris pr (+ abl) (pl: crte ut valetis); what do I cashier arcrius | m, arcria |ae f care! quid me! casino aletrium | n carefree scrus |a |um careful dligns |entis careless incrisus |a |um carelessness incria |ae f carpenter faber |br m tignrius carpet taptum | n carrot carta |ae f casserole coctrium | n

s rs sc habet; in any case utcumque; in case you have not s minus ; in no case haudququam; in that case igitur; e cs; lose a case causam perd |dere |did; plead a case causam ag |ere g; settle a case (out of court) ltem compn |ere composu compositus; win a case caus (or idici) vinc |ere vc victus; since thats the case quae cum ita sint; thats not the case nn ita rs est

cassette casta |ae f; (for video) casta magntoscopica cassette recorder castophnum | n cast a shadow: umbrae responde |re |; the tree cast a ten-foot shadow arbor umbrae decem pedum respondit

carry ger gerere gess gestus; (luggage) cast a vote suffrgium fer ferre tul biulre; dont get carried away ltus with enthusiasm nl (pl: nlte) cat flis or fls |is f, catta |ae f, studi efferr. cattus | m; cats meow fls fliunt; cartilage cartilg |inis f cats purr fls murmurant carve sculp |ere |s |tus catch s theres a catch to it enim istaec capti est; whats the catch? quid case (container) thca |ae f; (gram) est capti? csus |s m; (leg) causa |ae f, ls, ltis f; a noun in the genitive case nmen genitv cs, (or more rarely) nmen css genitv; as is generally the case ut cnsuetd est; civil case causa prvta; criminal case causa pblica; in that case e cs; igitur; get off my case! n mihi molestus (-a) ss!; if thats the case catch tr (fish) captre; (baseball) excipi |ere excp exceptus; (what one has said) exaudi |re |v; catch a cold gravdine afflgor | afflctus sum; catch hell convcium habre; catch red-handed flagrant dlict dprehend |dere |d |sus; catch sight of cnspici |ere

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Conversational Latin ceiling tctum | n; (arched or vaulted) camera |ae f; (paneled) lacnar |ris n celebrate celebrre celery heloselnum | n cellar cellrium | n subterrneum; hypogum | n cello violoncellum | n cell phone tlephnulum | n portbile cement caementum | n cemetery coemtrium | n censor cnsor |ris m census popul recnsus |s m cent centsima |ae f; I dont owe anyone a red cent assem aerrium nmin debe central medius |a |um central heating calefacti |nis f centrlis century saeculum | n cereal cerele |is n certain certus |a |um; a certain person qudam, quaedam; I dont know for certain nn cert (or certum) sci; I take it as certain pr cert habe certainly cert, profect; (in replies to denote emphatic agreement) sn; (in answers) cert chain catna |ae f; (small chain, esp. used for ornament) catella |ae f; the Apennines extending in an unbroken chain from the Alps to Apennnus mns perpetus iugs ab Alpibus tendns ad (+ acc) chair (normally without back or armrests) sella |ae f; (w. rounded back) arcisellium | n; arm of a chair anc |nis m; back of a chair arcus |s m sellae chairlift tlepherica |ae f sellris

cnspex; catch up with cnsequor |sequ |sectus sum; I didnt quite catch what you said nn satis exaudibam dicta tua; let me catch my breath, please sine resprem, quaes catcher exceptor |ris m, exceptrx |cis f caterpillar rca |ae f; (machine) vehiculum | n rctum catsup see ketchup cattle bovs |um mpl (dat & abl pl: bbus or bbus); (collective) pecus |oris n; cattle bellow (or low) bovs mgiunt; head of cattle pecus |oris n cauliflower brassica |ae f Pompina cause tr faci |ere fc factus; (pain, swelling, war) move movre mv mtus; (stir up) excitre; what caused him to leave? quid fcit ut abret? causeway agger, aggeris m viae caution cauti |nis f; exercise caution cave |re cv cautum cautious cautus |a |um cavalry equittus |s m cave specus |s m cavern splunca |ae f CD compactus discus | m CD player discophnum | n CD-ROM orbiculus | m opticus CD-ROM drive nstrmentum | n orbiculs legends cease-fire indtiae |rum fpl; call for a cease-fire indtis posc |ere poposc; the cease-fire is holding. indtiae drant .

General Vocabulary chairman magister |tr m chalk crta |ae f chamber pot lasanum | n, matella |ae f

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charming (esp. to the eye) amoenus |a |um; (cute) bellus |a |um; (beautiful) venustus |a |um; (in manner) lepidus |a |um

chartreuse chlornus |a |um chance (opportunity) potests |tis f; by chaste castus |a |um, pudcus |a |um chance forte, cs; he didnt give me a chance to answer mihi nn chat intr fabulor |r |tus sum potesttem dedit responend chat s have a chat with cnfbulr cum chancellor cancellrius | m (a |ae f) (+ abl) chandelier lampadum corymbus | m chatter balbuti |re; my teeth are chattering dentibus crepit change s mtti |nis f; (coins) numm |rum mpl minrs, chauffeur autoraedrius | m (a |ae f) nummul mpl; change of heart anim cheap vlis |is |e; be dirt cheap pr mtti; for a change variettis lut esse caus cheaply parv or vl preti; more change tr mtre; (buses, trains, cheaply minris preti planes) mtre (autoraeds longs, trmina, roplana); change ones mind sententiam mtre intr mtr; the wind changed ventus s vertit changing (weather) varius |a |um channel canlis |is m, canliculus | m; (arm of the sea) frtum | n chapter caput |itis n character mrs |um mpl, indols |is f character witness advoctus | m (a |ae f) charge s crmen |inis n; capital charge capitle crmen; false charge calumnia |ae f; bring or file charges against s.o. crmina alicui nfer nferre intul illtus charge tr (rush against) incurr |ere |; charge a price for pretium cnstitu |ere | (+ dat); charge s.o. with a crime aliquem crmine (or d crmine or crminis) argu |ere | argtus charm amoenits |tis f, lepus |ris m; (jewelry) amultum | n cheat fraudre; (in school) frtim exscrb |ere exscrps; cheat someone out of his money aliquem argent fraudre check s syngrapha |ae f; (bill) rati |nis f nummria; cash a check arcri syngrapham praebe |re |u solvendam; write a check syngrapham perscrb |ere perscrps check tr (investigate) scrtor |r |tus sum, investgre; (mark with a check mark) vigul notre; (to indicate an error) vigul cnsri notre; check luggage sarcins mandre; check off (make a check mark at) notre; check out (inquire into) inqur |ere inqusv inqustus in (+ acc) check into a hotel nmen in tabuls dversri refer referre retul; check out of a hotel dversri discd |ere discss (post ratinem compnendam) checker latrunculus | m; checkers (game) latrunculrum ldus | m; play checkers latrunculs ldere;

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Conversational Latin chicken gallna |ae f, (gallnceus) pullus | m; (as food) gallncea |ae f chicken coop gallnrium | n chicken-hearted mricidus |a |um chief (principal) prnceps |ipis chief of police praefectus | m vigilum children lber |rum mpl chilly frgidulus |a |um; its getting chilly ar frgscit chimney fmrium | n chin mentum | n China fictilia Sinnsium vsa |rum npl chirp (birds) ppilre, ppre; (grasshoppers) fritinni |re chisel s scalprum | n chisel tr scalpr caed |ere cecd caesus; chisel s.o. out of (cheat) aliquem mung |gere |x |ctus (+ abl) chives porrum | n sectvum chocolate socolta |ae f; (drink) ptus |s m socoltae

jump (an opponents checker) trnsili |re |u; king rx, rgis m check mark (indicating error) virgula |ae f cnsria cheek gena |ae f cheer intr acclmre cheer s clmor |ris m; cheers! prsit! cheer up tr (ex)hilarre, laetificre intr cheer up! hab (pl: habte) animum bonum! cheerful hilarus |a |um cheerfulness hilaritd |inis f cheese cseus | m cheese cake savillum | n chef archimagrus | m (a |ae f) chemical adj chemicus |a |um chemical s chemicum | n chemist chmicus | m (a |ae f) chemistry chemia |ae f, chemic |s f cherry cerasum | n cherry pie cerasa npl in crst cocta

chess ldus | m sccrum, sccildium | n; castle s turris |is chocolate bar tabella |ae f socoltae f; tr adroccre; checkmate rgem chocolate pudding erneum | n tene |re |u; checkmate! cav socolteum rg!; chessboard sccrium | n; choice adj exquistus |a |um, lctus |a play chess sccs ldere (see Chapter |um V) choice s opti |nis f; the choice is chest (anat) pectus |oris n; (box) yours opti tua est armrium | n; (for clothes) choir chorus | m vestirium | n choir director chor magister |tr m chestnut adj (of horse only) badius (tra |ae f) chestnut s castanea |ae f choir loft apsis |idis f chewing gum cummis |is f masticbilis chore pnsum | n; do chores pnsa chew out (scold) pilre facere chick pullus | m Christmas Eve prdi ntlem Chrst

General Vocabulary Christmas fstum | n ntivittis Chrst; celebrate Christmas ntlem Chrst diem celebrre; Merry Christmas! faustum ac flcem Chrst ntlem (tibi exopt)!; fausta fsta ntlicia Chrst (tibi exopt)! Christmas gift ntlicium mnusculum | n (or dnum | n); give (exchange, receive, wrap) Christmas gifts offerre (inter s dare, accipere, involvere) ntlicia mnuscula Christmas holidays friae |rum fpl ntliciae; spend the Christmas holidays (vacation) fris ntlicis agere Christmas tree arbor |oris f ntlicia; decorate the Christmas tree with lights, balls, and tinsel arborem ntliciam gniculs et globuls et lamins argentes ornre chronic longus |a |um chronological order rd |inis m temporis; in chronological order servt temporis rdine chubby corpulentus |a |um chum sodlis |is mf church ecclsia |ae f cider vnum | n mlnum cigar sigarum | n cigarette sigarellum | n; pack of cigarettes capsella |ae f sigarellrum; smoke a cigarette fmum sigarell sg |ere sx cigarette lighter ignitbulum | n circulate circulre; (of rumor, reports) percrbrc |ere precrbu circulation (of blood) circulti |nis f; be in circulation (of books) in manibus esse

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circumference circuitus |s m; the crater measures 500 feet in circumference crtr patet circuit qungents peds cistern cisterna |ae f citadel arx |cis f citizen cvis |is mf; my fellow citizens cvs me; private citizen (who holds no political office) prvtus | m citizenship cvits |tis f city (physical entity) urbs |is f; cvits |tis f city council decurins |um mpl civil cvlis |is |e; civil rights is |ris n cvle; deprive s.o. of civil rights aliquem capite dminu |ere |; loss (taking away) of civil rights dminti |nis f capitis civilian adj togtus |a |um, prvtus |a |um civilian s togtus | m, prvtus | m civilized hmnus |a |um claim (say) praedicre; (demand) postulre; claim as ones own vindicre clam myax |acis m clam shell myacis testa |ae f clamp cnfbula |ae f clamp down on (fig) compsc |ere clarinet tbia |ae f clrsona; play the clarinet tbi clrson can |ere cecin clasp fbula |ae f class (in school) classis |is f; (social) rd |inis m; be at the head of the class classem dcere; first-class seat sds |is f prmae classis; lower class rd nferior; middle class rd medius; second-class seat sds secundae classis; tourist-class seat

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Conversational Latin climb ascend |ere |, scendere; climb a tree in arborem scendere; climb the stairs per scals ascendere clippers mchinula |ae f capills resecands cloak pallium | n (Greek item) clock hrologium | n; the clock keeps good time hrologium rct metitur; look at the clock hrologium nspici |ere nspex; set the clock hrologium temperre; wall clock hrologium parietrium; wind the clock hrologium intend |dere |d intnsus clogs soleae |rum fpl ligneae close (comput) concld |ere | conclsus closet vestirium | n pariet nsertum cloth (as a fabric) textum | n; (a piece of cloth) pannus | m cloth-bound book liber |r m ln contctus clothe vesti |re |v or |i |tus clothes vestmenta |rum npl; habitus |s m (outfit of a particular class or occasion) clothes closet vestirium | n (pariet nsertum) clothes hanger fulcimen |inis n vestirium clothes hook uncus | m vestirius; hang up (s.th.) on the clothes hook in unc vestiri suspend |ere | clothing vesttus |s m, vestmenta |rum npl clothing store taberna |ae f vestiria cloud nbs |is f cloudy nbilsus |a |um; become cloudy nbilre clown scurra |ae mf

sds turistica; upper class rd superior; working class rd operrius classical classicus |a |um; classical author scrptor |ris m vetus et probus, scrptor classicus classics auctrs |um mpl utrusque linguae clrissim classroom conclve |is n scholre, schola |ae f clause s membrum | n; main clause rti |nis f [note: rti can be a main clause or a complete sentence] clean (the house, etc.) prgre cleaning rag drappus | m clear clrus |a |um; (unclouded) sernus |a |um, sdus |a |um; (conscience) rctus |a |um clear tr clear the table mundre mnsam; clear out of here! hinc apage!; clear $1000 in the first year prm ann mille dollars dterge |re dters dtersus; clear up (difficulties) expedi |re |v |tus intr clear up dissernre clerk scrba |ae mf; (in a shop) tabernrius | m (a |ae f) clever callidus |a |um; very clever! (well said!) fact dictum! cleverness callidits |tis f click tr dprim |ere dpress; pulsre; left-click sinistrrsum dprimere; right-click dextrrsum dprimere; double-click bis dprimere or bis pulsre client clins |entis mf climate caelum | n; hot (cold, temperate, warm) climate fervns (frgidum, tempertum, tepidum) caelum | n; mild climate temperis | f

General Vocabulary club fstis |is m; (social club) sodlicium | n cluck glci |re clumsy incompositus |a |um cluster (of islands, etc.) celebrits |tis f; (of grapes) va |ae f clutch pedle |is n inctinis (or cpultinis) coach tr exercitre; (a student) admone |re |u |itus coach s (sports) exercittor |tris m (trx |trcis f) coal lapis gagas (gen: lapis gagatis) m, carb |nis m coal mine fodna |ae f carbnria coast ra |ae f (maritima); off the coast of ante (+ acc); on the coast in r (maritim) coat amicula |ae f coat hook vestium uncus | m coat rack sustentculum | n vestium cobweb arnea |ae f Coca-Cola Cocacla |ae f cocain cocanum | n; snort cocain cocanum olfactre cockpit cella |ae f roplan cockroach blatta |ae f cocktail propoma, propomatis n, cinnis |is m cocoa ccoa |ae f coffee caffea |ae f coffee break cafferia pausa |ae f coffee cup pcillum | n cafferium coffee maker mchina |ae f cafferia coffee pot hirnula |ae f caffeae coffee set synthesis |is f cafferia coffin capulus | m, arca |ae f cohort cohors |ortis f coin s nummus | m

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coin tr (new words) (nova verba) fing |ere fnx fctus cold adj (the most general word, applied to all degrees from pleasant coolness to severe cold; also, dispassionate) frgidus |a |um; ice-cold gelidus |a |um; be or feel cold alge algre als, frge |re; get cold algsc |ere, frgsc |ere; my hands and feet are cold mans pedsque frgent; turn cold frgsc |ere; very cold perfrgidus cold s frgus |oris n, gel |s n; (med) gravd |inis f; catch a cold gravdinem contrah |trahere |trax |tractus; have a cold gravdine labrre; liable to catch cold alsisus |a |um coldcuts concsa |rum npl cold spell frgora |um npl cold weather gelu |s n, tempests |tis f frgida or gelida collar collre |is n collective adj collctvus |a |um college collgium | n collision collsi |nis f colonel tribnus | m mlitum color s color |ris m color tr (the hair, etc.) colrre, ting |ere tnx tnctus colt eculeus | m column columna |ae f; (marching) agmen |inis n comb s pecten |inis m comb tr pect |ere pex pexus; comb back repectere; comb the hair capillum (or capills or crns or comam) pectere; comb out expectere

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Conversational Latin commit (a crime) (scelus) committ |ere comms commissus committee concilium | n common noun s nmen |inis n appelltvum common sense: have common sense cor habre community cvits |tis f compact disk (CD) compactus discus | m company (mil) centuria |ae f; keep each other company inter s col |ere |u company commander centuri |nis m comparative (degree) gradus |s m compartvus; in the comparative compartv, in compartine compare with comparre cum (+ abl) comparison s comparti |nis f compartment (in a train, plane) diaeta |ae f (prmae, secundae classis) compass pyxis |idis f magntica compassion clmentia |ae f compassionate clmns |entis compile compn |ere composu compositus complain about queror | questus sum d (+ abl) complete cnfici |ere cnfc cnfectus; (a year) exple |re |v |tus complexion color |ris m; having a healthy complexion colrtus |a |um composition scrptra |ae f, compositi |nis f compound adj compositus |a |um (ut indoctus uneducated) (opp: simplex, ut doctus)

combat proelium | n, pugna |ae f; in hand-to-hand combat comminus [adv] combatant proelitor |ris m combination s comprehnsi |nis f; a syllable is a combination of letters syllaba est comprehnsi litterrum combine tr compn |ere composu compositus; prepositions can be combined with verbs praepositins cum verbs compn possunt come veni |re vn ventum; come about venre; come back soon red (pl: redte) cito; come down with an illness morb corripior | correptus sum; come from venre ab (+ abl), drvr ab (+ abl); come here this minute! concde hc cttum!; come on! agedum!; come what may, well take it philosophically quod fors feret, fermus aequ anim comfort s levti |nis f comfort tr allevre comfortable commodus |a |um; make yourselves comfortable rog ut vbs suviter sit comics libell |rum mpl pctographic coming: hes got whats coming to him habet quod sibi dbtur comma s comma |atis n command s (comput) issum | n command tr (a legion, army) imperre (+ dat) commander in chief impertor |ris m; be the commander in chief imperi summam tene |re tenu commence hostilities bell initium facere commerce commercium | n commercial (advertisement) praecnium | n

General Vocabulary computer adj computtrlis |is |e, rdintrlis |is |e computer s computtrum | n, rdintrum | n computer engineer mchintor |tris m (trx |trcis f) computtrlis computer game lsus |s m computtrlis; play a computer game lsum computtrlem ldere con tr verba dare (+ dat) concentrate all the troops in one place cg |ere cog coctus omns cpis in num locum; concentrate on something animum in aliquid dfg |ere dfx concentration intenti |nis f anim concern s cra |ae f concern tr (to worry) sollicitre; as far as Im concerned per m; how does that concern you? quid id ad t attinet?; it concerns me (you) me (tu) rfert; it does not concern me (you) me (tu) minim rfert concerned about (for) sollicitus |a |um d (pr) (+ abl); Im not terribly concerned about labr nn vald d (+ abl) concert concentus |s m; attend a concert concentu adesse concise brevis |is |e concrete s concrtum | n concrete noun s vocbulum | n (opp: appellti) condemn condemnre condition status |s m; (term of an agreement) condici |nis f; in excellent condition habitissimus |a |um; in good (bad) condition bene (male) habitus |a |um; on condition that e lge ut (+ subj); physical condition corporis habitus |s m

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conduct business negtium agere; conduct oneself (behave) s ger |ere gess conductor (of an orchestra) symphoniacrum magister |tr m; (of a train) trminis crtor |ris m conference congressus |s m confide in cnfd |ere cnfsus sum (+ dat) confidence fids |e f, fdcia |ae f; (esp. over-confidence, selfconfidence) cnfdentia |ae f; have confidence in fidem habre (+ dat) confident cnfdns |entis; be confident cnfd |ere cnfsus sum confluence cnfluns |entis m; at the confluence of the Tiber and the Anio inter cnfluents Tiberim et Aninem congratulate grtulor |r |tus sum (+ dat) congratulations! macte virtte est!; grtultins! congress congressus |s m conjugate tr dclnre conjugation s dclnti |nis f; (rarely occurs) coniugti |nis f conjunction s conincti |nis f connect tr cnect |ere cnexu cnexus connection conincti |nis f; (comput) cnexus |s m conquer vinc |ere vc victus; conquer a country terr potior |r pottus sum conscience: bad conscience mala cnscientia |ae f; good conscience mns f cnscia rct

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Conversational Latin continual continuus |a |um continually continu contract contrah |ere contrx contractus; contract an illness morbum or adversam valtdinem contrahere contradict contrdcere (+ dat); contradict oneself pugnantia loquor | loctus sum control s (restraint) continentia |ae f; (power) potests |tis f; out of control effrntus |a |um control tr contine |re |u; control yourself! t contin! convalesce convalsc |ere convenience: at your convenience tu commod; write me at your earliest convenience scrbe ad m cum commodissim poteris convenient: when it will be convenient for you cum erit tuum commodum conversation serm |nis f, colloquium | n; engage in conversation with sermns cum (+ abl) cnfer cnferre contul convict convinc |ere convc convictus (w. acc. of the person and w. gen of the charge); convicted of manifestus |a (+ gen); convict s.o. on many counts of fraud aliquem mults crminibus fraudis convincere

consent: give ones consent permitt |ere perms (ut); without my consent m invt conservative adj cnservtvus |a |um conservative s cnservtvus | m (a |ae f); conservatives (in ancient Rome) optimts |ium mpl consider: to consider it already done istuc iam pr fact habre consist of cnst |re cnstit (+ abl or ex or d + abl) consonant s cnsonns |antis f constant cnstns |antis; (incessant) perpetuus |a |um constantly perpetu consternation cnsternti |nis f constipated: be constipated alvum suppressam habre constitution cnstitta |rum npl construct (with mechanical skill) fabricre; (buildings) exstru |ere exstrux exstructus construction s cnstructi |nis f consul cnsul |is m; elect a consul cnsulem crere consulship cnsultus |s m; hold the consulship cnsultum ger |ere gess

contempt contemptus |s m, dspicti |nis f; feel contempt for conviction (for) condemnti |nis f (+ contemn |ere |ps; hold s.o. in gen of the charge) contempt aliquem dspictum habre contemptuous (of) dspicins |entis (+ convince persude |re persus (+ dat); I am firmly convinced that gen) plnus (-a) persusinis sum (+ acc content (with) contentus |a |um (+ w. inf) abl); to your hearts content arbitrt tu contest s certmen |inis n continent pars |tis f mund [not continns, which means mainland] coo (of a pigeon) gem |ere |u cook s coquus | m, coqua |ae f

cook tr coqu |ere cox coctus; cook up (fig) excgitre

General Vocabulary cookie crstulum | n cooking pot lla |ae f cool frgidulus |a |um cool off tr refrgerre intr refrgerr coolness (indifference) frgus |oris n coop up incld |dere |s |sus; be cooped up in the house in aedibus coarttus (-a) esse coordinate conjunction s conincti |nis f cpultva cope with pr esse (+ dat); unable to cope with impr esse (+ dat)

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correctly rct (opp: prv), mendt (opp: vitis); speak (spell) correctly rct loqu (scrbere) correlative adj reltvus |a |um (ut tlis qulis such as) correspond with epistulrum commercium habre cum (+ abl) correspondence epistulrum commercium | n corresponding secretary ab epistuls corridor ambulcrum | n, andrn |nis m

cost intr cnst |re cnstit (+ gen of indefinite price or abl of definite price); cost a lot (little, nothing, copy s exemplum | n, exemplar |ris more, less) mult (parv, grts, n plris, minris); cnstre; it costs 100 denarii centum denris constat copy tr exscrb |ere exscrps (from ex + abl) (by cheating) clandstn; cost s impnsa |ae f (with printer) exemplum (+ gen) couch lectulus | m tment fartus; facere (semicircular) stibadium | n Corinth Corinthus | f; gulf of Corinth cough intr tussi |re sinus |s m Corinthiacus (or cough s tussis |is m; have a cough Corinthius) tussi |re corkscew extrculum | n councilman decuri |nis m corn mazium | n; corn on the cob counsel irispertus | m (a |ae f) mazium | n in spc count (leg) crmen |inis n corner kick (soccer) ictus |s m copier polygraphum | n angulris

count tr numerre; count up or out numerre; you can count on me corporal dcuri |nis mf potes nt m [abl]; you can count corpse cadver |eris n on it that erit tibi perspectum (+ acc & inf); you dont count extr correct adj rctus |a |um (opp: prvus), n u merum es mihi mendtus |a |um (free from faults), country (as a political unit) rs pblica corrctus |a |um (in the sense of (gen: re pblicae) f; (as a corrected) community) cvits |tis f; (native correct tr (esp. mistakes in writing) land) patria |ae f; (as a physical mendre; (a person or mistake) entity) fns |ium mpl; (as opposed corrig |ere corrx corrctus to city) rs, rris n; from the correction corrcti |nis f, mendti country rre; in the country rr; to the country rs |nis f

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Conversational Latin crab (shellfish) cancer |cr m; (person) morsus | m (a |ae f) crabbiness morsits |tis f crabby morsus |a |um crack s rma |ae f crack tr find |ere fd fissus; (nuts) perfring |ere perfrg perfractus intr rms agere cracked (crazy) cerrtus |a |um crack troops rbora |um npl peditum, cpiae |rum fpl lctissimae cradle cnae |rum fpl craft artificium | n craftsman faber |br m, artifex, artificis m craftsmanship artificium | n cramp convulsi |nis f crane grs, gruis mf (see bird); (machine) tolenn |nis m crash (comput) corruit corruere corruit crater crtr |ris m craving for appetti |nis f (+ gen) crawl rp |ere rps rptum; (esp. of snakes) serp |ere |s crazy dlrus |a |um; hes crazy about her eam dperit; hes crazy about sports morbsus est in lds cream crmum | n credible crdibilis |is |e; be credible fdem habre credit (com) fids |e f; academic credit insigne |is n acadmicum; buy on credit fid su emere; pecni haud praesentri emere; get academic credit for this course insigne acadmicum merre pr hc curs (crosium); have good credit bon fid esse credit card tabella |ae f trbtria

country road via |ae f reginlis courage fortitd |inis f courageous fortis |is |e course cursus |s m; (in school) cursus |s m crosium; (of a meal) ferculum | n; along a winding course meante curs; be driven off course curs excutior | excussus sum; in due course mox; in the course of inter (+ acc); in the course of time prcdente tempore; of course profect, quidem, nempe, (also sarcastically) sclicet court idicium | n; (of a king) aula |ae f; court of appeal idicium appelltrium; hold court is dcere; take s.o. to court aliquem in idicium vocre (or addcere) courteous cmis |is |e courteously cmiter courtesy cmits |tis f courtesy call officium | n courthouse basilica |ae f courtroom idicium | n courtyard rea |ae f; (in a Roman house) peristylium | n cousin (brothers child) patrulis |is mf; (sisters daughter) cnsbrna |ae f; (sisters son) cnsbrnus | m cover tegimentum | n; (lid) operculum | n; (shelter) suffugium | n; take cover suffugi |fugere |fg; under cover of darkness nocte adiuvante cover up (against the cold) operi |re |u |tus cow vacca |ae f; cows moo (or low) vaccae mgiunt cowboy bubulcus | m (Americnus) cozy commodus |a |um

General Vocabulary credit hour hra |ae f acadmica creek rvus | m creep (term of contempt) larva |ae f; you give me the creeps facis ut horream creep: it makes my skin creep facit ut horream crest (of a hill) iugum | n; (of animals, helmet) crista |ae f cricket gryllus | m; (game) ldus | m bacul et pilae; crickets chirp gryll strdent crime facinus |oris n, scelus |eris n; crmen |inis n (more often means merely the charge) criminal adj facinorsus |a |um

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crow s cornx |cis f; as the crow flies mnsr currente [lit: in a running measurement]; crows caw corncs crcitant (see bird) crowd turba |ae f cruel crdlis |is |e cruelty crdlits |tis f cry fle flre flv; (of a baby) vagi |re; cry out to clmre (+ dat); cry over flre cucumber cucumis, cucumeris m cue verbum | n monitrium culture hmnits |tis f cunning collubrnus |a |um

cup pculum | n, pcillum | n; cup of coffee (of tea) pocillum | n criminal s sns, sontis mf, crminsus | c affeae (theae) m (a |ae f) crisis discrmen |inis n critic criticus | m critical: the situation is critical rs est in summ discrmine criticize reprehend |dere |d |sus crocodile crocodlus | m crook (thief) fur, furis m crooked curvtus |a |um; (morally) prvus |a |um; (crafty) dolsus |a |um crop up exsist |ere exstit; unless something new crops up nisi alquid nov exstiterit crops (standing grain) seges |etis f; (field produce) frgs |um fpl cross-eyed strabus |a |um cross ones path alicui obviam venre crossing (passage) trnsitus |s m crossroads compitum | n crow intr (of roosters) ccri |re; can |ere cecin cupboard armrium | n pariet nsertum curable snbilis |is |e curb crepd |inis f viaria cure s remedium | n cure tr snre curiosity crisits |tis f curl cirrus | m, cincinnulus | m curl crspre curler calamistrum | n curly crspus |a |um, cirrtus |a |um, cincinnulus |a |um; have curly hair cincinnul capill esse current adj (in general use) sittus |a |um; (opinion) vulgris |is |e current s flmen |inis n (in the sense of the flow); (electrical) lectricum fluentum | n; against the current advers flmine; with the current scund flmine curriculum studirum curriculum | n

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Conversational Latin Danube river Danvius amnis |is m dare aude |re ausus sum (semideponent) daring audns |entis, audx |cis dark adj obscrus |a |um; as soon as it got dark prms tenebrs dark s after dark d nocte; in the dark per obscrum; Im in the dark (fig) mihi tenebrae sunt darkness tenebrae |rum fpl; darkness fell tenebrae factae sunt darling (terms of endearment) dliciae |rum fpl, corculum | n, animulus | m (a |ae f), ocellus | m, volupts |tis f; my darling (in address) m ocelle darn: I dont give a darn about that (him, them) id (eum, es) nn faci flocc darned: Ill be darned if male m sit, s ; Ill be darned if I ever . . . male m sit s umquam (+ fut indic) dashboard tabula |ae f indictria data data |rum npl database (comput) datrum repositrium | n date dis | f; by what date? quam ad diem? have a date with s.o. cnstittum cum aliqu habre; to date adhc dative adj datvus |a |um dative s datvus | m, csus |s m datvus daughter flia |ae f daughter-in-law nurus |s f dawn dlculum | n; at dawn prm lce; before dawn antelcul day dis | mf; a day, e.g., twice a day bis (in) di; any day now propediem; by day interdi; day

cursor (comput) cursor |ris m curtain (on a window or shower) vlum | n; (in a theater) aulaea |rum npl; draw the curtains vla obdcere curve (in a road, coast) nfrctus |s m custody custdia |ae f; be held in custody in custdi habeor |r habitus sum; take into custody in custdiam trd |dere |did |ditus custom ms, mris m customer mptor |tris m (trx |trcis f) cut (hair) tonde |re totond tnsus; cut and paste (comput) secre et gltinre; cut it out! dsins! (pl: dsintis!); (more emphatic) dsiste! (pl: dsistite!); cut that out right now! supersed ists rbus iam; cut the talk! sgreg sermnem! cute bellus |a |um, bellulus |a |um cutlery nstrmenta |rum npl escria cyberspace cyberspatium | n

D
dad, daddy tata |ae m daily adj ctdinus |a |um daily adv ctdi dainty dlictus |a |um daisy bellis |idis f dance intr saltre dance s saltti |nis f dance band symphniac |rum mpl salttinis dancer salttor |tris m (trx |trcis f) danger perculum | n; be in danger (of) perclitr (+ abl) dangerous perculsus |a |um

General Vocabulary after day diem d di, in singuls dis; day and night et dis et nocts; day off (from school) (ab schol) fritus dis | m; every day ctdi, in singuls dis; from day to day in dis; from that day on ex e di; just the other day nper quidem; one day (on a certain day in the past) qudam di; on the day before he departed prdi quam abret; on the day before the Ides prdi ds; (on) the following day poster di; on the third day before the Calends of March ante diem qurtum Kalends Mrtis; the day after postrdi; the day after that postrdi eius di; the day after tomorrow perendi; the day before prdi; the day before yesterday nudiustertius [adv]; till late in the day ad multum diem; two days after that post diem tertium eius di; these days hs temporibus daybreak dlculum | n; at daybreak prm lce; till daybreak in prmam lcem daycare center npiaggium | n daydream hallcinor |r |tus sum daydreamer hallcintor |tris m, hallnictrx |trcis f daylight lx, lcis f, dis, di m; let in the daylight diem admitt |ere adms DCD digitlis compactus discus | m dead adj: Im dead! interi! or peri! dead-end street fundula |ae f deaf surdus |a |um; youre preaching to deaf ears ad surds aurs cants deal s (pact) pacti |nis f; a good deal of aliquantum (+ gen); its a deal pactam rem habt (pl: habtte); lets make a deal pactinem facimus

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deal tr (cards) distribu |ere | intr with (topic) tractre, agere d (+ abl); (a person) agere cum (+ abl); I will deal with you later tcum mihi rs erit srius dealer mercns |antis mf, merctor |tris m (trx |trcis f); (of cards) distribtor |tris m (trx |trcis f) dean decnus | m (a |ae f) dear crus |a |um dearly (intensely) vald; (at great expense) magn death mors |tis f; condemn s.o. to death aliquem capitis damnre; put s.o. to death supplicium d aliqu sm |ere smps smptus death penalty supplicium | n capitis death sentence: receive the death sentence capitis damnr debate s disceptti |nis f debate tr disceptre d (+ abl) debt aes, aeris n alinum; be in debt in aere alino esse; this has put me in debt hoc mihi aes alinum attulit decathlon decthlum | n deceitful fallx |cis December mnsis |is m December; in December mnse Decembr decency decentia |ae f decent decns |entis; do the decent thing frgem facere decide cnstitu |ere | cnstittus; decide to or not to (of the senate, also of supreme magistrates) cnse |re |u (ut or ne + subj) decision (a win in sports) praevlentia |ae f pnctrum; make a (wise) decision (sapienter) dcern |ere dcrv dcrtus deck chair sella |ae f cubitria

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Conversational Latin degree s gradus |s m; (diploma) studirum diplma |atis n; positive degree gradus positvus; comparative degree gradus compartvus; superlative degree gradus superltvus dejected dmissus |a |um delete (comput) dle |re |v |tus delicate dlictus |a |um delight dlectre deliver (a speech) habre; (mail) redd |dere |did |itus; the mailman delivered the letter yesterday tabellrius litters her reddidit demanding: be demanding multa exig exigere exg demented dmns |entis democracy dmocratia |ae f democrat dmocrata |ae m, dmocratria |ae f

decked out exrntus |a |um; why are you all decked out? quam ob rem sc subrntus (-a) es? declaration dnntiti |nis declarative dclrtvus |a |um declension s dclnti |nis f decline tr dclnre decree of the senate sents cnsultum | n; pass a decree of the senate sents cnsultum facere deep freezer arca |ae f geltria deep red coccineus |a |um deep-seated nsitus |a |um deer cervus | m, cerva |ae f defeat s (mil) clds |is f; (pol) repulsa |ae f; a defeat at the polls comitis repulsa; defeat in running for the consulship repulsa cnsults; suffer a defeat (pol) repulsam fer ferre tul ltus; (mil) cldem accipere

democratic dmocraticus |a |um defeat tr superre, vinc |ere vc victus demonstration prtestti |nis f populris defective adj vitisus |a |um; (gram) dfectvus |a |um demonstrative adj dmnstrtvus |a |um defend dfend |ere | dfnsus defendant reus | m, rea |ae f defender (sports) dfnsor |ris m, dfnstrx |cis f defense lawyer dfnsor |ris m, dfnstrx |cis f defensive and offensive alliance societs |tis f ad bellum dfendendum atque nferendum facta defensive and offensive weapons tla |rum npl ad tgendum et ad nocendum define tr dfni |re |v |tus definite adj fntus |a |um (opp: nfntus) denarius dnrius | m (worth about one dollar) dense dnsus |a |um densely populated region regi |nis f uberrimae multitdinis dentist medicus | m dentrius, medica |ae f dentria denture prosthesis |is f dentlis deny nfitior |r |tus sum depart abscd |cdere |cess |cessum department (academic) facults |tis f; department of classics litterrum classicrum facults department store pantoplium | n

General Vocabulary departure abscessus |s m depend: it (all) depends on you ttum in t positum est; it depends a lot on whether plrimum rfert num deponent s dpnns |entis n, verbum | n dpnns deposit money in a bank pecniam in argentri dpn |ere dposu dpositus depressed abiectus |a |um; be depressed abiect anim esse depression abiecti |nis f anim deprive: deprive s.o. of aliquem prvre (+ abl) deranged (mind) commtus |a |um; (person) mente captus |a derive tr (from) drivre (ab + abl) desert dserta |rum npl deserving (of) dignus |a |um (+ abl) desire cupidits |tis f desk mnsa |ae f scrptria; (teachers desk) pulpitum | n desktop (comput) (on the screen) in quadr despair intr (of) dsprre (d + abl) despair s dsprti |nis f desperate dsprtus |a |um desperation dsprti |nis f despicable dspictus |a |um despise dspici |ere dspex dspectus dessert bellria |rum npl, secunda mnsa |ae f destination locus | m dstintus destructive exitisus |a |um detail: go into a matter in detail rem per singula ine |re |i or |v; in detail per singula, singultim; details singula |rum npl

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detective inqustor |tris m (trx |trcis f), indgtor |tris m (trx |trcis f) detergent lmentum | n detour circuitus |s m; take a detour viam flect |ere flex develop (character, mind) cnfirmre; (improve) excol |ere excolu excultus devote oneself to s dare (+ dat) dew rs, rris m dial s (of a clock) tabula |ae f hrria; (of a telephone) tabula |ae f slctria dial tr slig |ere slg slctus intr numerum sligere diaphragm praecordia |rum npl diarrhea alvus | f fsa (or cita) dictaphone dictaphnum | n dictate dictre dictation dictti |nis f; take dictation dictta exscrb |ere exscrps dictator dicttor |ris m dictionary dictinrium | n, lexicon | n die morior | mortuus sum diesel Dselinus |a |um diet intr victs ratinem observre diet s victs rati |nis f; be on a diet victs ratinem observre difference differentia |ae f; difference of opinion dissnsi |nis f; how much difference does it make? quantum interest?; it makes no (a lot of) difference to me (you, etc.) whether or nl (multum) me (tu, etc.) interest (or rfert) utrum an (+ subj); whats the difference anyhow! quid utique interest! or quid utique rfert?

304 difficult difficilis |is |e

Conversational Latin directory (comput) plicrum index |icis m dirt cheap pr lut dirty (clothes, shoes) immundus |a |um; give s.o. a dirty look respici |ere respex aliquem minus familir vult; dirty talk serm |nis m obscnus disagree: I strongly disagree with you vehementer t dissenti disappear vansc |ere vanu; disappear from sight cnspect auferor auferr abltus sum disappoint frustror |r |tus sum; Ill not disappoint you nn fallam opninem tuam disappointment (act) dstitti |nis f; (result) incommodum | n disapprove of improbrre disarm s.o. aliquem arms exu |ere | |tus discharge (mil) missi |nis f; get an honorable discharge honestam missinem impetrre; get a dishonorable discharge missinem ignminisam accipere disciplinarian: a strict disciplinarian exctor |tris m (trx |trcis f) gravissimus (-a) disciplnae discipline disciplna |ae f discotheque discothca |ae f discount remissi |nis f; five- (tentwenty-) percent discount quinrum (dnrum, vicsimrum) centsimrum remissi discuss disputre d (+ abl) discussion disputti |nis f disease morbus | m disgrace ddecus |oris n, ignminia |ae f; be a disgrace to ddecor esse

dig (a garden, well) fodi |ere fd fssus; dig a hole through perfodere (+ acc); dig up s.th. about quicquam ru |ere | d (+ abl) digest concoqu |coquere |cox |coctus digestion concocti |nis f digital digitlis |is |e digital clock hrologium | n digitle dignified gravis |is |e dignity gravits |tis f, dignits |tis f diligence dligentia |ae f diligent dligns |entis dimensions mnsra |ae f or mnsrae |rum fpl diminutive s dmintvum | n dine cnre; dine out fors cnre dining car currus |s m cntrius dining couch lectus | m dining room trclnium | n; (informal) cnti |nis f dining table mnsa |ae f escria dinner cna |ae f; eat dinner cnre, cnam sm |ere |ps |ptus; have a roast for dinner assum in cn habre; over dinner per cnam; what are you having for dinner? quid in cn habbis? dinner clothes cntria |rum npl, synthesis |is f dinnertime hra |ae f cnand dinosaur dinosaurus | m diocese dioecsis |is f diphthong s diphthongus | f diploma studirum diplma |atis n; get a diploma studirum diplma mere |re |u directly rct, per drctum

General Vocabulary (+ dat); thats a darn disgrace! edepol facinus improbum est! disgraceful ddecrus |a |um, ignminisus |a |um dish catillus | m; (open and flat) patina |ae f; (large) lnx |cis f; dishes (including pots and pans) vsa |rum npl; wash the dishes vsa (coquintria) lu |ere | ltus dishonorable ddecrus |a |um dishwasher mchina |ae f ltria disk (comput) discus | m; floppy disk discus flexbilis disk drive (comput) nstrmentum | n disculs legends diskette (comput) disculus | m dismay cnsternti |nis f dismiss dmitt |ere dms dmissus disposition affectus |s m (anim) diss (slang) negleg |ere neglx neglctus distance spatium | n; its distance from the sea is three miles abest mar tria mlia passuum distant longinquus |a |um; be distant from abesse ab (+ abl), distre ab (+ abl) distinguished illstris |is |e distress dolor |ris m; (difficulty) angustiae |rum fpl district tractus |s m, ager |r m distrust s (of) diffdentia |ae f (+ gen) distrust tr diffd |ere diffsus sum (semi-deponent) (+ dat) dive (of a swimmer) praeceps dsili |re |u; (to submerge) rnor |r |tus sum diver rntor |tris m (trx |trcis f) diving board tabula |ae f dsultria divorce s dvortium | n

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divorce tr dvortium facere cum (+ abl) dizziness vertg |inis f dizzy vertginsus |a |um do facere, agere; (the hair) cm |ere cmps cmptus; do in: he has done me in perdidit m; do ones best operam d dare ded; do good: it will do you (a lot of, no) good prderit (multum, nihil) tibi; do right well rct valre; do s.o. in (ruin s.o.) aliquem pessum dare; I dont know what to do quid faciam nesci; it wont do to (+ inf) nn satis est (+ inf); what else can I do? quid aliud faciam?; what more can I do? quid faciam amplius?; will this do? satin(e) est? doctor medicus | m (a |ae f); (as an academic title) doctor |ris m, doctrx |cis f doctorate doctrtus |s m doctors degree doctris gradus |s m documentary documentrium | n dodge the draft mlitiam subterfugi |fugere |fg dog canis |is m; go to the dogs pessum e re |i or |v doing: whats doing? quid agitur? doll ppa |ae f dollar dollarus | m, dollarium | n dolphin delphnus | m done for: Im done for! nllus sum! or peri! donkey asinus | m door inua |ae f, stium | n; double doors fors |ium fpl; folding doors valvae |rum fpl; out of doors fors

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Conversational Latin download (comput) ex rte prehend |dere |d |sus, ex rte exprom |ere |ps |ptus down pat: you have the whole thing down pat rdine omnem rem tens down payment arrab |nis f; make a down payment of $20 (or pay $20 down) vgint dollars arrabn dare

doorbell sti tintinbulum | n; ring the doorbell pulsbulum comprim |ere compress; the doorbell is ringing sti tintinbulum tinnit doorknob inuae manbrium | n door lock claustrum | n doorpost postis |is m doorstep lmen |inis n doorway stium | n

downstairs (direction) deorsum; (position) in m tabult; go downstairs per scls dscend |ere dormitory hospitium | n (discipulrum |; he is downstairs in m tabult or discipulrum) est dorsal fin pinna |ae f dorslis doze off in somnum dlbor | dlpsus dose porti |nis f; small dose sum portiuncula |ae f draft cnscrb |ere cnscrps double adj gemintus |a |um: double cnscrptus i as in armri i littera draft s (mil) dlctus |s m; hold a geminta, ut armri draft dlctum habre double s on the double curricul; draft-dodger qu mlitiam subterfugit doubles (in tennis) ldus | m bis bnrum drag tr (comput) trah |ere trx tractus; drag out (a war) (bellum) double home domus |s f duplex trahere or prdc |ere intr drag double room conclve |is n durum on trahor | lectrum draw (water) (aquam) hauri |re haus doubt s I have no doubt that nn haustus; (lines) (lines) dcere; (a mihi dubium est qun (+ subj) picture) (imginem) dlinere: doubt tr & intr dubitre (geometrical figures) forms (gemetrics) dscrb |ere dscrps dove palumbs |is f (see bird) downcast diectus |a |um; dmissus |a |um; be downcast iace |re |u; with downcast eyes diectus oculs downhearted dmissus |a |um; be downhearted anim perculs esse downhill adj dclvis |is |e, prclvis |is |e; it was all downhill after that prclvia omnia erant postilla downhill adv per dclve; things are going downhill inclnta rs est downhill racing dcursi |nis f simplex drawbridge pns, pontis m sublevbilis drawer loculus | m, forulus | m reciprocus dread formdre dreadful drus |a |um dress s vestis |is f muliebris; (anklelength) vestis tlris; (Roman) stola |ae f dress tr indu induere indu indtus, vesti |re |v or |i |tus; dress oneself, get dressed s induere, s vestre intr dress up s exrnre

General Vocabulary dress shoes socc |rum mpl, soccul |rum mpl (for women, of different colors and often decorated with gems)

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fac!; drop it, please! mitt, amb!; drop off to sleep obdormsc |ere; lets drop the subject missa haec facimus

dressing (on a salad) embamma |atis n; drug medicmen |inis n; (narcotic) Caesar (Blue Cheese, French, medicmentum | n psychotropicum Italian, Russian, Thousand Island) druggist medicmentrius | m (a |ae embamma Caesarinum (Cse f), pharmacopla |ae m (ria |riae f) Caerule, Gallicum, Italicum, drugstore medicmentria |ae f Russicum, Mille nsulrum) drum tympanum | n; play the drum dressing table mnsa |ae f cmtria tympanum pulsre dressmaker vestifica |ae f drummer tympanista |ae m (ria |riae dribble tr (a basketball) repercutitre f) dribbling repercuti |nis f drunk brius |a |um drifter larifuga |ae m drunkenness briets |tis f; (habitual drill s (tool) terebra |ae f; (in school) drunkenness) brisits |tis f exercitium | n; (mil) exercitti dry cleaner full |nis m |nis f dry cleaners (establishment) fullnica drill tr terebrre; (students) nstitu |ere |ae f | nstittus; (mil) exerce |re |u dryer (for hair; for clothes) |itus nstrmentum | n sicctrium drink s pti |nis f; drinks ptins (capillrum; vestium) |um fpl, ptulenta |rum npl duck s anas |atis f; (as food) anatna drink tr ptre |ae f; ducks quack anats tetrinniunt drive s (enthusiasm) studium | n; (in a duck tr (in the water) dprim |ere vehicle) gestti |nis f dpress dpressus; duck the issue drive tr (a car, truck, bus) gubernre, rem vtre intr caput inclinre agere; drive s.o. home aliquem dull hebes |etis domum autocnt (or autoraed) dummy (slang) frutex |icis m, br addcere; drive s.o. mad aliquem |nis m dmentem facere driver autoraedrius | m (a |ae f), autocntists |is mf drivers license autoraedri diplma |atis n drizzle intr it is drizzling lniter pluit drizzle s pluvia |ae f rra et minta drop s (e.g., of rain) gutta |ae f dumpling offa |ae f, glbulus | m dunce br |nis m duped: youve been duped good and proper tibi s est sublitum pln et prob during inter (+ acc)

dust tr dust the furniture supellectilem dterge |gre |s |sus drop in on (to visit) invs |ere |; drop it! (no more of that!) missa istaec dustpan vatillum | n

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Conversational Latin editor redctor |ris m, redctrx |cis f; (of a newspaper, magazine) editor tris m (trx |trcis f); editor in chief redctor prnceps m, redctrx prnceps f educate nstitu |uere |u |tus, rudi |re |i |tus educated rudtus |a |um education nstitti |nis f, ruditi |nis f (Note that dcti refers to raising, bringing up and can apply to the raising of children as well as livestock and crops, the training of the body, etc.) eel angulla |ae f effeminate effmintus |a |um efficiency habilits |tis f efficient habilis |is |e effort: its (not) worth the effort pretium operae (nn) est; make an effort to be on time d operam ut tempestv adss; youve wasted all your effort omnem operam perdidist egg vum | n (fried frctum; hardboiled drum; soft-boiled apalum; scrambled permxtum) egg on concitre eggplant melongna |ae f egg white albmen |inis n either or aut aut elbow cubitum | n elect crere; (Roman senators) coptre elections comitia |rum npl; hold elections comitia habre electric(al) lectricus |a |um electrical appliances lectrica nstrmenta |rum npl electrical outlet capsula |ae f contcts lectric

DVD digitlis disculus | m magntoscopicus dye ting |ere tnx tnctus dying to know: I am dying to know how you are doing vald ave scre, quid ags

E
each quisque quaeque quodque eager (for) cupidus |a |um (+ gen) eagle aquila |ae f; eagles screech aquilae strdent ear auris |is f; (outer) auricula |ae f; earlobe lanna |ae f early (at an early period) mtr; (too soon) praemtr; early in the morning bene mne earrings inaurs |ium fpl earthquake terrae mtus |s m earthworm lumbrcus | m east orins |entis m; on the east (side) ab oriente; to the east in orientem versus [versus is an adverb] Easter adj Paschlis |is |e Easter s Pascha |ae f, Pascha |tis n eastern orientlis |is |e eastward in orientem versus [versus is an adverb] easy chair arcisellium | n tment fartum easy-going facilis |is |e eat ed sse or edere d sus; (breakfast, lunch, dinner) sm |ere smps smptus; eat out fors cnre edict dictum | n edit d dere did ditus edition diti |nis f

General Vocabulary electric bulb globulus | m lectricus electric cord fniculus | m lectricus electric current fluentum | n lectricum electric fan mchina |ae f ventigena electric light lmen |inis n lectricum; turn off (turn off) the light lmen accend |ere | accnsus (exstingu |ere extnx extnctus) embezzle vert |ere | versus embezzlement pecltus |s m

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embroider ac ping |ere pnx pictus embroidered (with colors) pictus |a |um emerald adj smaragdinus |a |um emerald s smaragdus | m emigrate migrre

electric shaver rsrium | n lectricum emotion anim mtus |s m; express emotions anim mts exprim |ere electric stove foculus | m lectricus express expressus electric wire flum | n lectricum emperor impertor |ris m; (title electrician lectridis artifex |icis m chosen by Augustus) prnceps |ipis m electricity lectris |idis f employ (to use) tor | sus sum (+ electronic lectronicus |a |um abl); (to hire) condcere elegance legantia |ae f employee conductus | m (a |ae f), elegant legns |antis mercnrius | m (a |ae f) elementary school litterrius ldus | m employer (operae) conductor |tris m elephant elephantus | m; elephants (trx |trcis f) trumpet elephant barriunt employment (act) sus |s m; elevator cellula |ae f scnsria (occupation) quaestus |s m eloquent loquns |entis empty (into) s effund |ere effd effsus (in + acc) else: anyone else quvs alius; anything else? aliquid amplius? no one else enclitic s encliticum | n (ut -que, nm alius; nothing else nihil aliud; |ve and, or) who else is more deserving? quis encourage adhortor |r |tus sum alter est dignior hom? encouragement horttus |s m, elsewhere alib hortmen |inis n e-mail s litterae |rum fpl lectronicae; end s fnis |is m; in the end ab (the system) cursus |s m extrm; put an end to a war bell lectronicus fnem facere; toward the end of his e-mail tr litters lectronics mittere ad life tempore extrm; thats the end (+ acc) of me ctum est d m e-mail address nscrpti |nis f end fni |re |v |tus intr dsin lectronica |ere, fnior |r fntus sum; (gram) embarrass perturbre embarrassed: I am embarrassed by sum perturbtus cum (+ abl) (in) terminor |r |tus sum (in + acc or abl) ending s (gram) terminti |nis f

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Conversational Latin eraser (for a blackboard) dtersrium | n; (on a pencil) cummis |is f dltilis erasure litra |ae f error error |ris m; (in writing) mendum | n, menda |ae f, vitium | n; commit (make) an error mendum admitt |ere adms admissus escalator sclae |rum fpl mbils (or volbils) escape s effugium | n escape tr escape the notice of fall |ere fefell intr effugi |ere effg esophagus gula |ae f especially potissimum, praecipu espresso caffea |ae f expressa essay tracttus |s m esteem s aestimti |nis f; hold s.o. in high (highest) esteem aliquem magn (maxim) facere esteem tr aestimre estranged: become estranged from s.o. aliquem s alinre estuary aesturium | n Etruria Etrria |ae f Europe Eurpa |ae f European Eurpaeus |a |um evasive ambiguus |a |um even etiam; even today etiamnum; not even ne quidem; get even with s.o. aliquem ulcscor | ultus sum evening vesper |er m, vespera |ae f; all evening tt vesper; early in the evening prm vesper; in the evening vesper, vespere; last evening her vesper; on Saturday evening di Sturn vesper; this evening hodi vesper; toward evening sub vesperum; very late in

ending adj (gram) (in) termintus |a |um (in + acc) enemy hosts |ium mpl; (personal enemy) inimcus | m (a |ae f) energetic nvus |a |um enforce the law lgem exerce |re |u |itus engine mchinmentum | n, mtrum | n engineer mchintor |tris m (trx |trcis f engineering mchinlis scientia |ae f enjoy (good health, company, etc.) tor t sus sum (+ abl) enlist mil nmen (of several: nmina) dare enough satis; enough and more than enough satis superque; enough of this! haec hctenus!; enough time satis temporis enter intrre; (comput) in rdintrum refer referre retul reltus enthusiasm studium | n enthusiastic (about) studisus |a |um (+ gen) entrance (entering) introitus |s m; (approach) aditus |s m; (doorway) ostium | n envelope involcrum | n epistulre envious invidus |a |um; be envious of invide |re invd (+ dat) environment circumiecta |rum npl envy s invidia |ae f envy tr invide |re invd invsum (+ dat) epilepsy morbus | m comitilis equally aequ erase rd |ere | rsus

General Vocabulary the evening pervesper; yesterday evening her vesper evening wear cntria |rum npl ever umquam every omnis |is |e; every day ctdi; every month quot mnsibus; every night per singuls nocts; every now and then interdum; every year quotanns evidence testimnium | n; give evidence against s.o. testimnium dcere in aliquem; on what evidence will you convict me? qu m teste convincs?; this evidence is not admissible hoc testimnium nn smendum est; turn states evidence indicium profiteor |r professus sum evidently manifest exact accrtus |a |um, exctus |a |um exaggerate: dont exaggerate everything! nl (pl: nlte) omnia in mius extollere! exam exmen |inis n, probti |nis f; flunk an exam cad |ere cecid csrus in exmine; pass an exam exmen sustine |re |u; take an exam exmen obe |re |i; tough exam exmen rigrsum examine exminre example exemplum | n; set a good example bonum exemplum praebe |re |u excavator mchina |ae f fssria except praeter (+ acc); except that nisi quod (+ indic) excessive (in) immodicus |a |um (+ gen or abl) exchange permtre; exchange greetings cnsaltre; exchange prisoners captvs inter s permtre excite excitre

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excited commtus |a |um, excittus |a |um excitement anim commti |nis f; feel excitement excitor |r excittus sum exclamation exclmti |nis f exclamation point signum | n exclmtinis excuse s excsti |nis f; (pretext) praetextum | n excuse tr (pardon) ignsc |ere ignv (+ dat); excuse me ignsce mihi; please excuse me obsecr, mihi ignscs; excuse oneself s excsre exempt: be exempt from military service mlitiae vactinem habre exemption from military service mlitiae vacti |nis f exercise intr s exerce |re |u exercise s (written) exercitium | n; (practice) exercitti |nis f exhale exsprre exhaust missrium | n expect exspectre; what do you expect? quid vs fier? expense impnsa |ae f, smptus |s m; at my expense me smpt; at your own expense prvt smpt expensive crus |a |um, pretisus |a |um experience experientia |ae f, sus |s m experienced (in) pertus |a |um (+ gen) expert s pertus | m (a |ae f) expert in gnrus |a |um (+ gen) explain explnre, explicre explanation explnti |nis f, explicti |nis f

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Conversational Latin face s facis | f; be face to face with you praesns praesent tibi esse; make a face s dcere; on the face of it prm faci; we can discuss that face to face cram id agere possumus face tr spectre; (to withstand, e.g., danger) obviam re (+ dat); face north (south, east, west) spectre in (or ad) septentrins (merdiem, orientem, occidentem) fact: as a matter of fact enimvr; in fact profect, vr, quidem; the fact that quod (+ indic); the facts speak for themselves rs ipsa indicat or rs pr s loquitur faction facti |nis f factory fabrica |ae f faculty rd |inis m professrum fail tr fail an exam (test, quiz) in exmine (probtine, probtiuncul) cad |ere cecid; words fail me quid dcam nn inveni fair aequus |a |um; (complexion) candidus |a |um; (weather) sernus |a |um, sdus |a |um; fair and square sine fc ac fallcis; I think thats fair id aequ faci; thats not fair of you nn aequum facis fairground(s) prtum | n fstvum fairly (in a fair way) aequ; (somewhat) aliquantulum; (moderately) mediocriter fair-minded aequus |a |um fairness aequits |tis f fairy dva |ae f faith fids |e f; in bad faith d fid mal; in good faith (ex) bon fid

express exprim |ere express expressus expression vultus |s m; change ones expression vultum flect |ere flex flexus expressive (eyes) argtus |a |um express train trmen |inis n rapidissimum extend intr (of land, body of water) tend |ere, prtend |ere, pate |re; the region extends from to regi tendit (or patet) ab (+ abl) ad (+ acc); extend over (to cover) obtine |re extortion violenta excti |nis f pecnirum extracurricular extrardinrius |a |um eye oculus | m; keep an eye on that guy adserv (pl: adservte) istum; keep your eyes open cav circumspicis; look me in the eye aspicedum contr m; with eyes wide open hiantibus oculs eyeball orbis |is m ocul eyebrow supercilium | n eye doctor medicus | m oculrius, medica |ae f oculria eyeglasses perspicilla |rum npl, vitra |rum npl oculria; wear eyeglasses perspicills tor | sus sum eyelash palpebrae pilus | m; eyelashes palpebrrum pil |rum mpl eyelid palpebra |ae f eyewitness ocultus (-a) testis |is mf

faithful fidlis |is |e fabric (pattern of weaving) textus |s m fake simulre (coarse crassus; sheer, thin tenuis; thick pinguis) faker simultor |tris m (trx |trcis f)

General Vocabulary falcon falc |nis m (see bird) fall adj autumnlis |is |e fall intr cad cadere cecid csrus; fall asleep obdormsc |ere; fall (desperately) in love with (perdit) amre coep |isse; fall flat (of a speech, etc.) frge frgre; fall for (a trick) fallor | (+ abl); fall in love at first sight n aspect in amrem incid |ere |; fall sick in morbum incidere fall s autumnus | m false falsus |a |um falsely fals

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farm fundus | m, rs, rris n; on the farm rr farm animals pecus |oris n or pecora |um npl farmer agricola |ae m farm house vlla |ae f rstica farsighted prvidus |a |um fashion cults modus | m; be in fashion more fier; come into fashion in morem veni |re vn; go out of fashion obsolsc |ere obsolv obsoltum fast celer |eris |ere; be fast asleep art dormi |re |v

family familia |ae f; come from a good fat obsus |a |um (opp: gracilis |is |e) family honest loc ntus |a esse fathead (slang) fatuus | m (a |ae f) family name gentle nmen |inis n family tree stirps |is f, stemma |atis n famous praeclrus |a |um; famous for inclutus (+ abl), nbilis (+ abl) fan s flabellum | n; (admirer) fautor |ris m, fautrx |cis f; electric fan mchinula |ae f ventigena fan tr ventilre fantastic mrificus |a |um far (by far) long; as far as Im concerned per m; by far long, mult; far be it from me to say equidem dcere nlim; far from procul ab (+ abl); how far? quoad, quosque?; (not) far from here (haud) procul hinc; far from it! minim!; farthest to the south longissim in merdiem; so far so good bell adhc; so far, thus far hctenus father pater |tris m; father of the family paterfamilis (gen: patrisfamilis) m father-in-law socer |er m fatigue fatigti |nis f fatigued fessus |a |um faucet epitonium | n; turn on (off) the faucet epitonium versre (reversre) fault culpa |ae f; be at fault in culp esse; not be at fault extr culpam esse faultless mendtus |a |um

favor beneficium | n, grtia |ae f, grtum | n; accept and return a favor beneficium accipere et reddere; ask s.o. for a favor grtiam ab aliqu pet |ere petv; do s.o. a favor grtum alicui facere; do s.o. a big favor gratissimum alicui facere; faraway (distant) longinquus |a |um return s.o. a favor grtiam alicui fare vectra |ae f refer referre retul; please do me farewell val (pl: valte) this favor! amb t, fac (or for a previous favor: refer) hanc grtiam far-fetched idea conquistum cnsilium | n mihi

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Conversational Latin feeling snsus |s m, affectus |s m; (feelings esp. with reference to anger) animus | m; his (her) feelings were hurt animus eius saucius erat; hurt s.o.s feelings aliquem offend |ere | fellow citizen cvis |is mf suus (|a) fellow passenger convector |ris m, convectrx |cis f fellow soldier conmlit |nis m fellow student condiscipulus | m (a |ae f) fellow worker socius | m (a |ae f) operis felon scelestus | m (a |ae f) felony scelus |eris n feminine fminnus |a |um fence saepmentum | n fender luticipulum | n ferry nvis |is f triectria (or vectria) fetch pet petere petv (or peti) pettus fever febris |is f; constant fever continua febris; high fever magna or rdns febris; run a fever febricitre; slight fever febrecula |ae f few: a few pauc |ae |a fiction fbulsa narrti |nis f fiddle fidicula |ae f; play the fiddle fidicul can |ere cecin fiddlesticks! ngae! fidelity fidlits |tis f field ager |r m; (untilled) campus | m; (of study) disciplna |ae f fierce ferx |cis figure s: female figure muliebris forma |ae f; figure of speech figra |ae f rtinis, tropus | m figurative trnsltus |a |um; figrtvus |a |um

favorable (auspices, circumstances, gods, wind) secundus |a |um fax tlecpia |ae f fax machine tlecpitrum | n fear s metus |s m; he put the fear of God into them crvit ut ills Ippiter rtus esset; out of fear prae met fear tr metu |ere |, tme |re |u fearful (terrible) drus |a |um; fearful of timidus |a |um (+ gen) fearless impavidus |a |um feather penna |ae f; (soft, downy) plma |ae f February mnsis |is m Februrius; in February mnse Februri feeble imbcillus |a |um feebleness imbcillits |tis f feed psc |ere pv pstus feel tr (with the hands) tentre; (hunger, pain, cold, etc.) senti |re sns snsus; feel ones way viam tentre; (fig) caut et cogitt rem tractre; feel pain dolre afficior affic affectus sum intr because I felt like it quia mihi libitum est; I wasnt feeling well ego m nn bell habbam; feel annoyed gravor |r |tus sum; feel bad (good) (physically) s male (bene) habre; feel better (physically) melius s habre; melius vale |re |u; feel down and out nfrctum animum ger |ere gess; feel fine s bene habre; feel glad laetor |r laettus sum; feel happy gaude |re gvsus sum; How do you feel? ut t habs?; I feel fine m bene habe; bene mihi est; feel really bad about vald dole |re |u d (+ abl); feel sad maestus |a |um esse feelers: put out feelers to tentre

General Vocabulary figuratively per trnsltinem, trnslts verbs, figrte figure on (rely on) ntor | nxus sum or nsus sum (+ abl) figure out excgitre figure skating patinti |nis f artificisa file (tool) lma |ae f; (for receiving papers) scapus | m; (comput) documentum | n; files documenta |rum npl, cta |rum npl fill imple |re |v |tus; fill it up, please! quaes, immissrium benznrium repl ttum! film taeniola |ae f, pellicula |ae f; documentary film taeniola |ae f documentria; movie film taeniola cnmatographica; photographic film pellicula phtographica; show a film taeniolam (cnmatographicam) exhibe |re |u |itus filter filtrum | n fin pinna |ae f final ultimus |a |um, extrmus |a |um finally tandem; (at last) ad extrmum find reperi |re repper repertus fine adj (outstanding) praestns |stantis; (weather) sernus |a |um; everythings fine rct est; fine! prob!; fine arts arts |ium fpl legantirs; fine weather sernits |tis f; thats fine bene hoc habet; you did fine fcist prob fine tr fine s.o. multre aliquem (+ abl of the fine) finger s digitus | m; index finger index |icis digitus m; little finger digitus minimus; middle finger digitus medius; (as an obscene gesture) digitus inpudcus; not lift a finger presss manibus sede |re

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sd; point the finger at s.o. digitum ad aliquem intend |ere |; ring finger digitus nulris; snap the fingers digits concrep |re |u finger tr (to handle) attrectre; (to inform on) dfer dferre dtul fingernail unguis |is m finger tip digitus | m prmris finish cnfici |ere cnfc cnfectus; finish off (to destroy) perd |dere |did; (to kill) occd |ere - occsus; finish writing (a book, etc.) absolv |ere | absoltus; put the finishing touch to ultimam manum affer afferre attul (+ dat) finish line (sports) calx, calcis f, crta |ae f fire s incendium | n; be on fire rde |re |u; catch fire ignem concipi |ere concp; put out a fire incendium exstingu |ere exstnx exstnctus; set on fire incend |ere | incnsus fire tr (to dismiss) move |re mv mtus fire alarm signum | n monitrium incendi fire chief praefectus | m vigilum fire engine sph |nis m firefighter vigil |ilis mf; sphnrius | m (a |ae f) fireplace focus | m fire station stati |nis f vigilum fireworks spectculum | n pyrotechnicum firm adj firmus |a |um firm s societs |tis f first (in a series, followed by deinde, postrm) prmum; at first () prm, initi; first of all prmum omnium, in

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Conversational Latin

prms; for the first time prmum; he flash of lightning fulgur |uris n was the first to enter prmus flashy specisus |a |um introvit flat (level) plnus |a |um; (dull, stale, first-class (masterly) graphicus |a |um; e.g., joke) frgidus |a |um; fall flat first-class seat sds |is f prmae (of a speech) frgre classis flatter blandior |r |tus sum (+ dat) fish intr piscor |r |tus sum; go flattering blandus |a |um fishing pisctum e re v or i flattery blanditia |ae f fish s piscis |is m; (as food) pisctus |s m; catch fish piscs captre; flatware nstrmenta |rum npl escria teeming with fish piscsus |a |um flea plex |icis m fisherman pisctor |ris m flea market forum | n rrum vnlium fish food sca |ae f piscria flesh car |nis f fish hook hmus | m flight voltus |s m fishing s pisctus |s m; fishing bait flirt s dsultor |ris m, vaga puella |ae sca |ae f; fishing line lnum | n f (pisctrium); fishing net rte |is n (pisctrium); fishing pole harund flirt with subblandior |r (+ dat) |inis f; fishing rod calamus | m flock (of birds, sheep, goats) grex, (pisctrius); fishing tackle gregis m nstrmentum | n pisctrium floor (paved) pavmentum | n, solum fish market forum | n piscrium | n; (story) tabultum | n, fish pond piscna |ae f contignti |nis f; ground floor pedeplna |rum npl; marble floor fishy (smell) pisculentus |a |um; (fig) pavmentum (or solum) marmreum; suspicisus |a |um mosaic floor pavmentum (or solum) fix s be in a fix in angustis versor |r tesseltum; wooden floor tabultum |tus sum | n fix tr (to repair) refici |ere refc floppy disk (comput) disculus | m refectus; (time, place, limits) statu flexbilis |ere |u stattus florescent light tubulus | m flrscns flabbergast conturbre flounder intr volutor |r |tus sum; (in flabbergasted: we were absolutely speech) haesitre flabbergasted ns omnn conturbbmur flag s vexillum | n flag tr sign indicre flame (of fire; sweetheart) flamma |ae f flap the wings ls plaud |ere plaus plausus flashlight nstrmentum | n micns flounder s (fish) passer |eris m flour farna |ae f flow flu |ere flx flxus; flow by adlu, adluere; flow down from dfluere d (+ abl); flow into nfluere in (+ acc); flow out from effluere ab (+ abl); flow past praeterfluere (+ acc)

General Vocabulary flower (lit & fig) fls |ris m flower shop taberna |ae f flrlis fluent prfluns |entis flunk: flunk a test cad |ere cecid csrus in probtine fluorescent light tubulus | m lcifluus flush the toilet ltrnam prlu prluere prlu flute tbia |ae f fly s musca |ae f; a fly buzzes musca bombilat fly tr fly a plane roplanum gubernre intr volre; (of a passenger) roplan vehor, veh, vectus sum; fly away volre; fly off the handle cito ferve |re ferbu fog nebula |ae f foggy nebulsus |a |um fold plicre; fold up complicre folder integmentum | n astrictrium; (comput) coperculum | n fond: fond of cupidus |a |um (+ gen); be fond of dlig |ere dlx dlctus, amre fondness amor |ris m font typus | m food cibus | m food processor mchina |ae f coqunria fool stultus | m, stulta |ae f; make a fool of ldificre; make a fool of oneself inepti |re foolhardy temerrius |a |um foolish dsipins |entis foolishly: act foolishly inepti |re foolishness dsipientia |ae f

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foot ps, pedis m; foot of a mountain rdx |cis m montis; at the foot of the mountain rdce montis football (ball) pedifollis |is m; (game) pedifollium | n, pedildium | n; kick the (foot)ball pedifollem pulsre; pass the (foot)ball to pedifollem trnsmittere ad (+ acc); play football pedifolle ldere; play in the first (second) half in parte prire (alter) certminis ldere (see Chapter V) football player pedilsor |ris m foothills rdcs |um mpl montis footnote annotti |nis f mae pginae for (during a certain period, expressed by acc), e.g., for ten days decem dis; (to denote the appointment of definite time) in (+ acc), e.g., he invited her to dinner for the following day eam ad cnam vocvit in posterum diem; (because of) ob (+ acc); (on behalf of) pr (+ abl); (since) nam; as for quod attinet ad (+ acc); for all that nec e stius or nihil stius; for nothing grts, grtut; (in vain) frustr; for that matter ade; for the last three months in terns novissims mnss; for the rest of the year in reliquum ann tempus; for these reasons hs d causs; to be for (to be in favor of) fave |re fv (+ dat) force s vs f; by force v; large force magnae cpiae fpl; small force exiguae cpiae; be in force (of laws) vale |re |u; use force vim adhibe |re |u |itus force tr cg |ere cog coctus forearm bracchium | n forecast praenntiti |nis f (tempesttis)

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Conversational Latin forward (mail, e-mail) dfer dferre dtul dltus forward (sports) oppugntor |tris m (trx |trcis f) foul: commit a foul (sports) poenliter ag |ere g

forefathers atav |rum mpl; mirs |um mpl forehand (in tennis) ctus |s m drctus forehead frns, frontis f

foreign (of another country) externus |a fountain pen graphium | n replbile |um; (coming from abroad) peregrnus |a |um fox vulps |is f; foxes yelp vulps ganniunt foreigner peregrnus | m (a |ae f) forelady prcrtrx |cis f foreman prcrtor |ris m forest silva |ae f forget (about) oblvscor | obltus sum (+ gen); forget about it! ice id ex anim! fork furcilla |ae f, fuscinula |ae f form s forma |ae f; (of a word) figra |ae f; the form is either simple, like doctus, or compound, like indoctus figra est aut simplex, ut doctus, aut composita, ut indoctus form tr faci |ere fc factus; (a plan, partnership, alliance) ine |re |i or |v |itus; form an opinion idicium facere; form the imperative of the verb venire fac impertvum venre verb format s (comput) forma |ae f format tr (discum) cnformre formerly ante fort castellum | n fortunate fortntus |a |um frame of mind nimus | m; be in a good frame of mind bon nim esse

frank apertus |a |um, candidus |a |um frankly apert, candid frantic phrenticus |a |um fraternity sodlits |tis f alumnrum fraud fraus |dis f free lber |era |erum; free time tempus |oris n lberum, vacuum tempus |oris n; have no free time nihil vacu temporis habre; if you are free s vacbis free-style swimming natti |nis f lbera freeze tr gelre intr gelr freezer capsa |ae f frgorifica freezing gelidus |a |um freezing, freezing mark pnctum | n glacile; three degrees above freezing trs grads supr pnctum glacile freight train trmen |inis n onerrium French Gallofrancus |a |um

fortune: tell fortunes hariolor |r |tus French fries pma |rum npl (terrestria) frcta sum fresh recns |entis fortuneteller hariolus | m, hariola |ae f forum forum | n freshman tr |nis mf Friday dis | m Veneris

General Vocabulary friend amcus | m, amca |ae f; shes my best friend amca summa mea est friendly amcus |a |um; in a friendly way amc friendship amcitia |ae f frighten terre |re |u |itus fringe fimbria |ae f frivolous frvolus |a |um frog rna |ae f; frogs croak rnae coaxant from prep ab or d or ex (+ abl); from a to z ab aci et ac; from here hinc; from there illinc; from where unde front adj pror |or |us; (teeth, feet) prmris |is |e front s frns |tis f; in front fronte; in front of (position) ante (+ acc), pr (+ abl); (in the presence of) coram (+ abl); front of the classroom prior pars |tis f conclvis scholris; front of the house frns aedium front door antcum | n front hall vstibulum | n, faucs |ium fpl front seat sds |is f anterior frontier fnis |is m, terminus | m frost pruna |ae f frosty prunsus |a |um frozen rigns |entis; (food) geltus |a |um fruit pma |rum npl fruit juice scus | m pmrius fruit tree arbor |oris f pmifera frustrate frstror |r |tus sum frustration frstrti |nis f fry frg |ere frx frctus frying pan sartg |inis f fuel mteria |ae f prpulsria

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full (of) plnus |a |um (+ abl or gen); full moon plnilnium | n, plna lna |ae f full-grown adultus |a |um full-length (dress) tlris |is |e fully adv funditus fun iocus | m; he always makes fun of me (or pokes fun at me) iste m semper ldit (or inrdet); she said it for fun id per iocum dxit; its no fun if you nn icundum est s t ; it was pure fun hilaria mera erat; have fun s oblectre function s (gram) potentia |ae f funeral fnus |eris n; attend (or go to) a funeral in fnus venre funnel nfundbulum | n funny iocsus |a |um, rdiculus |a |um; (humorous) fstvus |a |um fur coat amculum | n pellicium fur jacket iacca |ae f pellicia furlough commetus |s m; be on furlough in commet esse; end of the furlough commets dis | m; get a furlough commetum impetrre furnish a home (an apartment) domum (diaetam) supellectile nstru |ere nstrux nstructus furniture supellex |ectilis f; piece of furniture supellectilis pars |tis f future futra |rum npl, tempus |oris n futrum; for the future in posterum; in the future posthc

G
gale procella |ae f gallon gallon |nis m

320 gallop cursus |s m cittus gallop intr quadrupedre

Conversational Latin gather tr cog |ere cog coctus intr congregor |r |tus sum, convenre gearshift iuncti |nis f vlcittum gee! hercle! or edepol!

gamble tr gamble away in ale perd |dere |did |ditus intr ale ldere

gambler lsor |ris m, aletor |tris m, geez! eu edepol! or eu hercle! aletrx |cis f gender s genus |eris n game (play) ldus | m, lsus |s m; general dux, ducis m, impertor |ris m (prey) praeda |ae f, vnti |nis f; general: in general fer, vulg play a game lsum ldere generally plrumque game show spectculum | n lsrium general store pantoplium | n gang manus |s f, grex, gregis m generosity lberlits |tis f gangster, gang member praed |nis generous beneficus |a |um, lberlis m greglis |is |e garage autocnt (autocntrum) genitals genitlia |ium npl; (female) receptculum | n; (repair garage) mulibria |ium npl officna |ae f repartria genitive s genitvus | m, csus |s m garbage in, garbage out (comput) ex genitvus quisquilis fiunt quisquiliae gentle clmns |entis, mtis |is |e garden hortus | m rsticus; vegetable geography gegraphia |ae f garden hortus (h)olitrius garden hose tubulus | m horticus gardener hortulnus | m (a |ae f) garlic lium | n, allium | n garrison praesidium | n garter periscelis, periscelidis f gas benznum | n, gasium | n; get gas benznum comparre; step on the gas pedle benznrium dprim |ere dpress; step on the gas! (fig) matr (pl: matrte) gas pedal pedle |is n benznrium gas pump antlia |ae f benznria gas station stati |nis f benznria gas stove foculus | m gaseus gas tank immissrium | n benznrium gate porta |ae f; (at airport) aditus |s m German adj Germnicus |a |um German s Germnus | m, Germna |ae f Germany Germnia |ae f gerund s gerundium | n gerundive s gerundvum | n get tr (to acquire) nancscor | nanctus sum; (to receive) accipere; (by asking) impetrre; (by purchase) parre, comparre; (understand) tene |re |u; get back repet |ere |v |tus; recipi |ere recp receptus; get out (bring forth) prm |ere |ps |ptus; get (the business) over and done with (negtium) absolv |ere | absoltus; I cant get him to talk nn que rre ut loqutur; now get this nunc cognsce rem intr (become) fi fier factus sum; get along with

General Vocabulary concorditer congru |ere |u cum (+ abl); get along well with each other (or one another) concorditer inter s congruere; I get along well with them bene mihi convenit cum ills; get away (escape) effugi |ere effg effgitrus; get anywhere (accomplish s.th.) aliquid cnsequor | cnsectus sum; get carried away by or with efferor efferr ltus sum (+ abl); get even with s.o. for ulcscor | ultus sum aliquem quod (+ indic); get off (a bus, plane, ship, train) gredior gred gressus sum d (+ abl); get on (a bus, plane, ship, train) nscend |ere | in (+ acc); get out of my way! d vi me dcde (pl: dcdite)!; get over (grief, anger, etc.) superre; get rid of: I want to get rid of that pest istum molestum molr vol; get somewhere aliquid cnsequor | cnsectus sum; get to (a place) perveni |re pervn perventum ad or in (+ acc); get up (rise) surg |ere surrx; (said of several) cnsurgere ghost umbra |ae f; give up the ghost animam bulli |re Gibraltar Calp |s f; strait of Gibraltar Gdtnum frtum | n gift dnum | n, mnus |eris n, mnusculum | n; natural gift ds, dtis m (ntrae) gifted ingeniosus |a |um gills branchiae |rum fpl gin vnum | n iniperum gingerbread lbum | n melltum giraffe camlopardalis |is f girdle stropp |rum mpl girlfriend amcula |ae f gist: the gist of what he said was this: hanc in sententiam dxit: ; this is the gist of my advice haec praecept me summa est

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give tr d dare ded datus; (as a gift) dnre; give it here! cedo (pl: cette)! [an old imperative; can take a direct object]; give it to em! adhib! (pl: adhibite!); give the plural form of gaudium d (or dc) figram plrlem gaudium nminis glad laetus |a |um; be glad laetor |r |tus sum; I am glad to hear that libenter audi (w. acc + inf) gladly libenter glass (for drinking) pculum | n vitreum; hyalus | m; glasses (eyeglasses) perspicilla |rum npl; wear glasses perspicills tor | sus sum; wine glass hyalus vnrius glider anemoplanum | n, vlvolum | n glisten nite |re |u gloat over exsultre (+ abl) globe globus | m terrrum gloom maestitia |ae f gloomy maestus |a |um glove digitbulum | n glue glten |inis n glue gltinre; glue together congltinre glued: Im glued to my books in librs haere |re haes glum maestus |a |um, tristis |is |e; why so glum? quid t es tam tristis? glutton hellu |nis m; be a glutton helluor |r gluttonous edx |cis gluttony edcits |tis f gnat culex |icis m

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Conversational Latin goldfish hippurus | m goldmine aurfodna |ae f golf pilamalleus | m; play golf pilamalle ldere (see Chapter V) golf club clva |ae f; (driver) clva agittria; (iron) clva ferrea golf course pilamalle campus | m golfer pilamalle lsor |ris m, lstrx |cis f golf green rea |ae f viridis golf hole scrobiculus | m golf tee grmulus | m goner: geez, Im a goner peri hercle; hercle, nullus (-a) sum good adj (also morally) bonus |a |um; (esp. moral) probus |a |um; (advice) rctus |a |um; (weather) sernus |a |um; be good for prsum prdesse prfu prfutrus (+ dat); good for you! (said in praise) macte virtte est!; good, good! euge, euge!; good job! bene (or rct) factum!; good Lord! O d bon!; good luck to you! tibi flciter!; good thinking! bene puts!; how long is that good for? quam di valbit?; youre a good fellow frg [indecl] es; very good! (when agreeing with s.o.) optim vr! good s: do s.o. good alicui prsum prdesse prfu prfutrus good and proper pln et prob goodbye val (pl: valte); bene val (pl: bene valte); goodbye and good luck bene val et bene tibi sit good-for-nothing adj nquam [indecl] good-for-nothing s: be a good-fornothing nihil hominis esse good-hearted benevolns |entis, benevolus |a |um

go e re v or i itum, s agere; go and see whether he has come home or not ab, vse redieritne an nndum domum; go around (of a rumor) pervagr; go by (to pass) praetere |re |v; (the rules) servre; go down (fever) conquiscit |ere conquivit; (swelling) s summittit |ere summsit; (prices) laxr; (sun) occidere; (ship) mergor | mersus sum; go for (fetch a person) addc |ere addx adductus; (fetch a thing) adfer adferre attul; at what price do these items go for? quibus pretis hae mercs vneunt?; I dont go for (dont like) nl moror |r |tus sum (+ acc); I dont go in for sports lds [dat] nn stude |re |u; go into a matter rem ine inre ini or inv; go on prcd |ere prcess; go on! perge (pl: pergite) porr!; go to bed dormtum (or cubitum) [supine] e re i or v itum; go to see vs |ere |; go to the aid of succurr |ere | (+ dat); go on: whats going on? quid negt est? or quid agitur?; whats going on here? quid re hc est?; go well: things are going fairly well agitur satis; please, let me go! mitte m ss! goal porta |ae f; score a goal (in soccer) follem in portam pede pulsre goal keeper portrius | m, portria |ae f goal line calx, calcis f, crta |ae f goal post plus | m portae goat caper |r m, capra |ae f; goats bleat capr blant God bless you! tibi d bene faciant; (to s.o. sneezing) salv! or saltem! going: good going! bene factum! gold, golden aureus |a |um

General Vocabulary good-natured facilis |is |e goodness (integrity, good behavior) bonits |tis f goodwill benevolentia |ae f goose anser |eris m; geese cackle ansers gingriunt (see bird) gossip intr garri |re gossip s (talk) rmor |ris m (esp. pl.); (person) fmigertor |tris m (trx |trcis f) govern (a province) praeside |re praesd (+ acc or dat); govern the country rem pblicam gubernre government regimen |inis n; rs f pblica (gen: re pblicae) [also written as one word] governor praeses |idis mf, guberntor |tris m (trx |trcis f); (of a minor Roman province) prcrtor |ris m gown tlris vestis |is f; (Roman) stola |ae f grade s gradus |s m, classis |is f; (mark or letter for performance) nota |ae f grade tr (papers) notre; (evaluate students work) aestimre graduate intr diplma adipscor | adeptus sum, grads suscipi |ere suscp graduate s gradutus | m (a |ae f) graft ambitus |s m grain frmentum | n; (a grain) grnum | n; with a grain of salt cum grn salis grammar s grammatica |ae f, ars |tis f grammatica; (book) ars, artis f grandchild neps |tis m, neptis |is f granddaughter neptis |is f grandfather avus | m grandmother avia |ae f

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grand piano clvcordium | n lifrme grandson neps |tis m granted est; granted, he himself is nothing est, ipse nihil est grape va |ae f; a bunch of grapes va grapevine vtis |is f grasshopper grillus | m; grasshoppers chirp grill fritinniunt grateful: I am deeply grateful to you tibi grtiam habe maximam gratis grts grave adj gravis |is |e grave s sepulcrum | n gravy is, iris n gravy bowl vasculum | n iris grease ung (ungu) ungere nx nctus grease job ncti |nis f autocnt great magnus |a |um; thats great! bene hercle factum! great! Eu!; papae! (expression of surprise and delight) greater mior |or |us greatest maximus |a |um great-grandfather proavus | m great-grandmother proavia |ae f great-grandson proneps |tis m great-uncle (mothers side) avunculus | m mior; (fathers side) patruus | m mior Greece Graecia |ae f greed avritia |ae f greedy avrus |a |um; greedy for avrus (+ gen) Greek adj Graecus |a |um

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Conversational Latin guidance counselor cnsilitor |ris m acadmicus, cnsilitrx |cis f acadmica guide s dux, ducis mf guide tr dc |ere dx ductus guidebook liber |r m perigticus guilty reus |a |um, sns |tis; be found guilty noxius didicr; be guilty in culp esse; guilty of noxius |a |um (+ abl or gen); punish the guilty poenam d sontibus exig |ere exg exctus; the guilty one sns |tis mf guitar cithara |ae f Hispnica gulf sinus |s m gullible crdulus |a |um gum (of the mouth) gingva |ae f; (chewing gum) cummis |is f masticbilis gun scloptum | n; fire a gun scloptre gym gymnasium | n (see Chapter V) gym instructor exercittor |ris m, exercittrx |cis f gymnasium gymnasium | n gymnastic gymnasticus |a |um gym shoes calce |rum mpl gymnic

Greek s Graecus | m (a |ae f); know (speak, write) Greek Graec scre (loqu, scrbere) green viridis |is |e; (unripe) crdus |a |um green pepper pipertis |idis f gregarious (sociable) congregbilis |is |e grief maeror |ris m; feel grief condolsc |ere condolu grill s crticula |ae f grill tr super crticulam assre groan s gemitus |s m groan intr gem |ere |u |itum grocer macellrius | m (a |ae f) groceries obsnia |rum npl, (or) obsnium | n grocery store macellum | n, taberna |ae f alimentria groin inguen |inis n ground beef bubula |ae f concsa ground floor pedeplna |rum npl grow intr grow old sensc |ere senu; grow up iuvensc |ere iuven growl (of a dog) ringor | rictus sum grown-up adj adultus |a |um grumble increpre grumbling increpti |nis f grunt intr (of a pig, bear) grunni |re |v or |i |tum grunt s (of a pig, bear) grunntus |s m guard s custs |dis mf guard tr custdi |re |v or |i |tus guest hosps |itis mf guest room hospitium | n

H
ha-ha-ha! hahahae! habit cnsuetd |inis f hacker plagirius | (or effrctrius |) m lectronicus haddock gadus | m hail impers v grandinat |re hail s grand |inis f hailstorm grandins |um fpl hair (a single hair or hair collectively) capillus | m; (hair in locks) crnis

General Vocabulary |is m; coma ae f; (long, flowing hair) caesaris | f; layer the hair comam in grads frang |ere frg frctus; long hair (left uncut) capill prmiss; split hairs cavillr hairbrush pniculus | m comtrius haircut tnsus |s m, tnsra |ae f; get a haircut facere ut capillus tondetur hairdo cmptus |s m hairdresser rntrx |cis f, tnstrx |cis f hair drier favnius | m hairpin acus |s f comtria hair style cmptus |s m hale and hearty salvus et validus |a |um half-time (sports) dmidium tempus |oris n hall (large room) oecus | m hallway ambulcrum | n halter capistrum | n ham perna |ae f; smoked ham perna fmsa hamburger bbula |ae f concsa hammer malleus | m ham sandwich pastillum | n pern fartum hamstring poples |itis m hand s manus |s f; (of a clock) index |icis m; have ones hands full satag |ere satg; hands off! aufer mans!; on the other hand contr; sit on ones hands (doing nothing) compresss manibus sede |re sd

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distribu |ere | distribtus; hand out the papers charts distribuere handbag bulga |ae f; (of leather) prula |ae f coricea hand brake sufflmen |inis n manule handcuff tr manics inici |ere inic iniectus (+ dat) handcuffs spl manicae |rum fpl handkerchief mcinnium | n, sdrium | n handle s manbrium | n handle tr tractre handlebars manbrium | n hand luggage sarcinulae |rum fpl manuls handsome pulcher |ra |rum, specisus |a |um handwriting chrographum | n hang: hang around with frequns adesse n cum (+ abl); hang down dpende |re |; hang out with moror |r |tus sum cum (+ abl); you can just go and hang yourself! drcte in maximam malam crcem! hangar receptculum | n roplan happen f fier factus sum, accid |ere |; happen to conting |ere contig (+ dat); I just happened to spot him forte eum cnspex; what happened? quid factum est? happiness betitd |inis f happy betus |a |um, laetus |a |um harbor portus |s m

hard (to the touch) drus |a |um; (difficult) difficilis |is |e (with abl of hand tr hand in trd |dere |did the supine); hard on inimcus |a |ditus; hand me that food porrige |um (+ dat), drus |a |um in (+ acc); mihi illum cibum; hand it over! cedo hard work opus |eris n arduum; (pl: cette)! [an old imperative; can hard to please difficilis |is |e; he take a direct object]; hand out was hard on me in m drus erat;

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Conversational Latin dnuntire; have it your way! est ut lubet!; have to do: what do you have to do with her? quid re tibi est cum ill?; have to say: this I have to say haec habe dcere. hawk accipiter |tris m; hawks caw accipitrs crcitant (see bird) hay fnum | n; make hay fnum sec |re |u |tus; make hay while the sun shines! occsinem amplectere!; carpe diem! hayloft fnlia |ium npl hazelnut avellna |ae f head s caput |itis n; back of the head occipitium | n; be a head taller than tt vertice supr (+ acc) esse; come into ones head in buccam venre [lit: come into ones cheek]; from head to foot capite sque ad calcem; head of state rctor |ris m cvittis; put heads together capita cnfer cnferre contul; top of the head vertex |icis m head tr (a committee, etc.) praesum |esse |fu (+ dat) intr head east ad orientem tend |ere tetend; head for pet |ere |v |tus head-first praeceps |cipitis heading titulus | m headlight (autocnt) luminre |is n; turn on (turn off) the bright (dim) lights lminria praecandentia (candentia) accend |ere | (exstingu |ere exstnx) headmaster scholae rctor |ris m headmistress scholae rctrx |cis f headquarters (mil) praetrium | n; (of a business) sds |is f headway: make headway prfici |ere prfc; make no headway nihil prficere; we are making some headway, I hope ut spr,

its hard to do, but Ill try just the same difficile fact est, sed conbor nihil stius; take this hard hoc drum accipere, hoc aegr fer ferre tul hardback or hardcover book liber |r m ln contctus hard drive (comput) dra stati |nis f hardware ferrmenta |rum npl; (comput) appartus |s m computtrlis hardware store taberna |ae f ferrria hard-working labrisus |a |um harmonica harmonica |ae f nfltilis harp harpa |ae f; play the harp harp ldere harp on the same theme cantilnam eandem can |ere cecin harsh sevrus |a |um; harsh toward drus |a |um in (+ acc) harshness dritia |ae f harvest s (reaping) messis |is f; (the crops themselves) prventus |s m harvest tr met |ere messu messus hat petasus | m (with broad brim) hate s odium | n hate tr d disse (defect v) hateful disus |a |um hatred (of, toward) odium | n (in + acc) haughty ltus |a |um, superbus |a |um haul off to prison rapi |ere |u |tus in carcerem have (possess) habe |re |u |itus; (e.g., dinner) sm |ere |ps |ptus; (a sickness) labrre (+ abl); have a tough time of it vald labrre; have it in for s.o. alicui perculum

General Vocabulary prficimus aliquantum heal tr snre intr snsc |ere health (good or bad) valtd |inis f; bad health adversa (or mala, gravis, nfirma) valtd; bad health suddenly hit me mala valtd m repent invsit; for reasons of bad health valtdinis caus; good health bona (or firma, commoda, prospera) valtd; heres to your health! tibi salutem propn!; bene tibi!; in sound health validus |a |um healthy snus |a |um, salvus |a |um hear audi |re |v or -i |tus; (to find out about) cognsc |ere cognv cognitus hearing (sense) audtus |s m; (legal) cogniti |nis f; hold a hearing cognitinem habre heart cor, cordis n; from the heart ex anim; heart and soul tt pectore; my heart was in my throat anima mihi in ns erat [lit: my breath was in my nose]; take to heart cord habre heartache cra |ae f, cordolium | n heaven: for heavens sake obsecr [lit: I pray]; heavens! edepol! heavens above! O d immortls!; heaven forbid! d melius faxint!; Im in seventh heaven digit caelum atting; in heavens name! per fortns! heck: give s.o. heck aliquem verbs mals obirgre; heck no! minim vr hercle!; who the heck are they? qu, malum, ist sunt? heehaw intr rud |ere |v |tum heehaw s rudtus |s m heel calx |cis f; (of a shoe) fulmentum | n; (slang) nequam hom |inis mf;

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take to ones heels s conicere in peds heifer iuvencus | m (a |ae f) height: to be of average height statr prope ist esse helicopter helicopterum | n; be taken by helicopter to per helicopterum trnsvehor |veh |vectus sum; fly a helicopter helicopterum gubernre; fly in a helicopter helicopter vehor veh vectus sum hell: go to hell! (pl: te) in malam crucem!; Im going to catch hell habb convcium; where the hell are you? ubinam, malum, es? hello! salv! (pl: salvte)!; salvus (-a) ss! (pl: salv (-ae) stis)!; hello there! eho istic!; Terentia says hello to you Terentia tibi saltem dcit helmet (of leather) galea |ae f; (of metal) cassis |idis f help s auxilium | n help tr iuv |re iv itus, succurr |ere | succursum (+ dat) helpless inops |opis helplessness inopia |ae f hem limbus | m hem interj ehem! hen gallna |ae f (see bird) henpecked uxrius herd (of cattle, swine) grex, gregis m; (of oxen and large animals) armentum | n here hc; here and now dpraesentirum [adv]; here I am! Ecce m! here with it! cedo! (pl: cette!) (can take an accusative object, e.g.: Here with that book! cedo istum librum!) heroin heronum | n; use heroin heron tor t sus sum

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Conversational Latin with them? concordbsne cum ills?; hit s.o. for a loan ferre aliquem mtu argent

hey heus!; hey you, Im talking to you! heus t, tibi ego dc! hi! salv (pl: salvte)

hide s corium | n; be after s.o.s hide hmmm interj hem corium alicius pet |ere petv; risk hoarse raucus |a |um ones own hide cori su ldere; hockey ldus | m hoccius, alslegia save ones own hide corium servre |ae f; field hockey ldus hoccius high adj altus |a |um; (rank) amplus |a campestris; ice hockey ldus |um; (opinion, price) magnus |a hoccius glacilis; play hockey |um; (fever) rdns |entis; (note) hocci (or alslegi) ldere (see actus |a |um ; (on alchohol, drugs) Chapter V) ebrius |a |um; be high on drugs hockey player alslegrius | m (a medicments psychotropics |ae f) inebrire; high blood pressure hypertnia |ae f hockey puck discus | m high adv to aim high magns rs hockey stick pedum | n, ferula |ae f appet |ere |v repanda high jump saltus |s m in altum hog ss, suis mf; hogs oink ss grunniunt highrise (building) multiznium | n high school schola |ae f superior highway strta |ae f autocntica hijack tr v abdcere hijacking abducti |nis f eria hike intr ambulre hike s ambulti |nis f hill collis |is m hilly clvsus |a |um hip coxa |ae f, coxendix |icis f hippie anticnformista |ae m (ria |riae f) hippopotamus hippopotamus | m hiss intr sbilre hiss s sbilus | m historian historicus | m (a |ae f) history historia |ae f hit s (in baseball) pulsus |s m hit tr (to strike) c |ere | ictus; (a baseball) pulsre; did you hit it off hogwash: thats hogwash! quisquilia! hold tr tene |re |u |tus; (contain) capi |ere cp; (an office) ger |ere gess gestus; (a meeting) habre; hold it! (stop!) ast!; hold it please! man obsecr!; hold s.o. in high (highest) esteem aliquem magn (maxim) facere; hold up (detain) dtine |re |u, impedi |re |v |tus; what held you up? quid t impedvit? intr hold out drre hole in the wall (shabby lodgings) stabulum | n holiday friae |rum fpl; (from school) dis | m fritus; today is a holiday hodi fris agimus holiness snctits |tis f holy snctus |a |um home domus |s f; (direction) domum; at home dom; at your home dom tuae, apud t; from home dom; to my home ad m

General Vocabulary home appliance nstrmentum | n domesticum lectricum; home appliances lectrica doms tnsilia |ium npl home front: on the home front and on the war front dom et mlitiae homely nspecisus |a |um home page (comput) pgina |ae f domestica home plate basis |is f summa (or domestica) home run circuitus |s m basium; hit a home run circuitum basium facere homesick: be homesick ex dsderi labrre; I am homesick for m dsderium tenet (+ gen) homework pnsum | n domesticum; (written) praescrptum | n domesticum homicide homicdium | n honest probus |a |um; (speaking the truth) vrx |cis; honest to God pr deum fidem honestly: tell me honestly dc bon fide honey mel, mellis n; (terms of endearment) melilla |ae f, mel n, melculum | n honor honrre honorable honestus |a |um honorably honest hood ploxenum | n hoodlum grasstor |ris m hoof ungula |ae f hooky: play hooky nscis parentibus schol abesse hoot intr (of owls) bbulre hoot s I dont give a hoot about him eum flocc nn faci

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hope intr sprre; hope that sprre (+ acc & inf) hope s sps, spe f; give up hope dsprre hopefully ut spr [as I hope] hopeless dsprtus |a |um hopper lbellum | n intimum, sella |ae f familirica horizontal bar ferrum | n trnsversum hormone hormnum | n horn bcina |ae f; blow the horn bcin clang |ere hornet crbr |nis m horrible horribilis |is |e hors deuveres prmulsis |idis f horse equus | m horsefly tabnus | m; horseflies buzz tabn bombilant hose (for watering) tubulus | m; rubber hose tubulus cummeus hospital valtdinrium | n hostage obses |idis mf hostess hospita |ae f hot (of a person, sun, water, bath, day) calidus |a |um (opp: frgidus |a |um); (boiling hot) fervidus |a |um; (sultry) aestusus |a |um; (spicey) acer, acris, acre; be hot cale |re |u; become hot calsc |ere; be uncomfortably hot aesture; hot weather aestus |s m; it is hot today hodi caltur hot dog hilla |ae calns (gen: hillae calentis) f hot pants brevissimae brcae |rum fpl fminnae hot-tempered rcundus |a |um hotel dversrium | n; stay at a hotel in dversri moror |r |tus sum

330

Conversational Latin

hotel manager dversri drctor |tris hum intr murmurre; (of bees) m (trx |trcis f) bombilre hotplate discus | m coctrius hound s.o. (coll) aliquem cnsector |r |tus sum hour hra |ae f; a half hour smihra |ae f; an hour and a half ssquihra |ae f; a quarter of an hour quadrns |antis m hrae; every hour singuls hrs; from hour to hour in hrs; three quarters of an hour ddrns |antis m hrae hourly in hrs house domus |s f, aeds |ium fpl house arrest custdia |ae f lbera how (in what way) qumodo, qu pact; (chiefly after verbs of hearing, telling, etc.) ut (+ subj); (to what degree) quam; how are you? (how are you doing?) quid agis? (pl: quid agitis?); ut vals? (pl: ut valtis?); how come? qu fit? or qu istuc? how far quosque; how far is from quantum distat (or abest) ab (+ abl); how goes it? quid fit?; how long quamdi, quosque; how long ago? quam prdem? or quam ddum?; how many quot [indecl]; how many times quotins, quotis; how much quantus |a |um; how much did you sell it for? quant hoc vnit?; how much is this? quant hoc cnstat?; how much does it cost? id quant cnstat?; how often quotins; how old are you? quot anns ntus (-a) es?; how so? quid ita?; (whatever made you say that?) qudum?; how soon? quam mox?; hows that? (What did you say?) qudum? or quid iam? however autem hug complector | complexus sum; hug each other inter s complect hum s murmur |uris m; (of bees) bombus | m human being hom |inis mf humane hmnus |a |um humid midus |a |um humor s fstvits |tis f humor tr humor s.o. alicui mrem ger gerere gess humorous fstvus |a |um humorously fstv hump gibber |eris m hunger fams |is f hung jury: be acquitted by a hung jury sententis paribus absolvor | absoltus sum hungry adj surins |entis hunt (also go hunting) vnor |r |tus sum (see Chapter V) hunting vntus |s m hunting dog canis |is m vnticus hunting gear nstrmentum | n vntrium hurray! euax! hurricane ingns procella |ae f hurry intr properre; hurry up! mtr! (pl: mtrte!) hurry s: be in a hurry properre, festnre; but Im in a hurry at proper; whats your hurry? quid festns? hurt tr noce |re |u (+ dat) intr dole |re |u; hurt a lot vehementer dolre husband martus | m

General Vocabulary hygiene hygin |s f; practice hygyiene hyginn exerce |re |u |itus hygienic hyginicus |a |um hypertext adj hypertextulis |is |e hypertext s hypertextus |s m hypocrite simultor |ris m, simultrx |cis f hypocritical coctus |a |um, simultus |a |um idiot fatuus | m (a |ae f) if s; if only utinam (+ subj) iffy (slang) dubius |a |um

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ignoramus nesapius | m, nesapia |ae f ignorance nscientia |ae f ignorant nsctus |a |um; (unlearned) indoctus |a |um ill (used of body and mind) aeger |gra |rum; (used of body only) aegrtus |a |um; be ill aegrtre; fall ill in morbum incid incidere incid ill health (adversa) valtd |inis f; for reasons of ill health valtdinis caus illiterate illittertus |a |um ill-mannered male mrtus |a |um illness morbus | m, (mala) valtd |inis f; serious illness gravis valtd illogical absurdus |a |um ills mala |rum npl imagine imginor |r |tus sum immature immtrus |a |um immaturity immtrits |tis f immediately statim, continu, extempl immoderate immodicus |a |um immodest impudcus |a |um impartial aequus |a |um, incorruptus |a |um et integer |gra |grum impatient: be impatient with inqu anim fer ferre tul (+ acc) impatiently inqu anim imperative adj impertvus |a |um; imperative mood modus | m impertvus imperfect tense s tempus |oris n praeteritum imperfectum imperial imperilis |is |e

I
ice glacis | f; turn to ice glacir ice cream gelidum crmum | n ice hockey (see hockey) ice rink stadin | n glaciale ice-skate intr patinre iceskate s patinus | m ice-skater patintor |ris m, patintrx |cis f ice-skating patinti |nis f (see Chapter V) icicle stria |ae f icon (comput) cn, conis f icy glacilis |is |e idea cnsilium | n, cogniti |nis f; youre full of ideas plnus (-a) cnsili es ideal exemplar |ris n identical identicus |a |um, dem et pr identification identificti |nis f identify identificre identity identits |tis f idiom figra |ae f, propriets |tis f linguae (Latnae or Anglicae) idiomatic expressions quae linguae Latnae (or Anglicae) propria sunt

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Conversational Latin indeclinable indclnbilis |is |e indeed profect, quidem, vr indefinite nfntus |a |um (opp: fntus) indicate tr significre indicative indictvus |a |um; in the indicative mood mod indictv indict s.o. aliquem reum (-am) facere indifference frgus |oris n indigestion crdits |tis f indignant indignbundus |a |um inept ineptus |a |um inexpensive vlis |is |e inexperienced (in) inexpertus |a |um (ab + abl or in + acc or adversus + acc) infamous nfmis |is |e infancy nfantia |ae f infant nfns, nfantis mf infantry pedittus |s m infantryman pedes |itis m infatuated: be infatuated with s.o. aliquem efflictim amre infer: I infer from what you say that ex verbs tus collig (+ acc & inf) infinitive s nfntvum | n infirmary valtdinrium | n inflame nflammre inflammation nflammti |nis f inflect tr dclnre inflection s dclnti |nis f influence grtia |ae f; have a lot of (more, little, no) influence on multum (plus, paulum, nihil) posse apud (+ acc) influential grtisus |a |um

impersonal adj impersnlis |is |e impetuous fervidus |a |um impolite inurbnus |a |um importance: it is of the greatest importance to me that permagn me interest (+ acc & inf); important magnus |a |um; consider it important id magn aestimre; it is (very) important to me (you) that magn (maxim) me (tu) interest (+ acc & inf); its not all that important tant nn est impress commove |re commv commtus impression: make a deep impression on maxim commove |re commv (+ acc) improper indecns |entis improve tr mendre intr melior |ior |ius f fier factus sum; (in studies) prfici |ere prfc improvement prfectus |s m imprudent imprdns |entis impulse anim impetus |s m in prep in (+ abl); (in the writings of) apud (+ acc); in all ex tt in adv (motion) intr; (rest or motion) intus; is your father in? estne pater intus? inappropriate ineptus |a |um incisors dents mpl prmrs include contine |re |u incorrect vitisus |a |um incorrectly vitis increase tr auge |re aux auctus intr crsc |ere crv incredible incrdibilis |is |e indecent indecns |entis indecisive ambiguus |a |um

General Vocabulary inform: inform s.o. about aliquem certirem facere d (+ abl) informant index |icis mf information indicium | n ingenious artificisus |a |um initiative: on my own initiative me sponte injustice inistitia |ae f ink trmentum | n inland adj interior |or |us; inland seas maria |ium npl interira inland adv intus; towns inland from Tarentum oppida per continentem Tarent in-law affnis |is mf inn caupna |ae f inning (of baseball) missus |s m innkeeper caup |nis m innocence innocentia |ae f innocent (of) innocns |entis (+ gen) innumerable innumerus |a |um input (comput) (datrum) initus |s m; input and output (datrum) initus exitusque inquisitive crisus |a |um insane nsnus |a |um insanity nsnits |tis f insect nsectum | n insensitive drus |a |um insensitivity dritia |ae f inside: go inside! (pl: te) intus! insincere nsincrus |a |um install (comput) nstru |ere nstrux nstructus installment pnsi |nis f; pay in five installments qunque pnsinibus solv |ere | soltus instead of pr (+ abl) instruct nstitu |ere | nstittus; instruct s.o. in s.th. nstruere aliquem aliqu

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instruction (teaching) nstitti |nis f; instructions praecepta |rum npl; (orders to do something) mandta |rum npl instructor praeceptor |ris m, praeceptrx |cis f insurance cauti |nis f, asscrti |nis f; car insurance asscrti vehiculria; casualty insurance asscrti indemnittis; health insurance asscrti valtudinria; insurance company societs |tis f vtae cautin exercendae; life insurance pr vt cauti, vtae asscrti integrity integrits |tis f intellect intellectus |s m intelligence intellegentia |ae f intelligent intellegns |entis intend dstinre; in anim esse (+ dat of the subject); I intended to set out straight for home erat mihi in anim rct proficsc domum intense (emotions) grandis |is |e intensive pronoun s prnmen |inis n intentinis (ut ipse himself) intentions: with the best intentions optim anim tns interchange coniuncti |nis f virum interest s interest (in) studium | n (+ gen); (fin) faenus |oris n, sra |ae f; compound interest anatocismus | m; have an interest in painting studium pinguend habre; increase (lower) interest sram auge |re aux (minu |ere |); lend money at interest pecniam faenor dare; rate

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Conversational Latin interviewer interrogtor |tris m (trx |trcis f) intestines intestna |rum npl intransitive adj intrnsitvus |a |um introduce (e.g., a custom) introdcere; (a person) (to) trd |ere |id |itus (+ dat) introductory intrductrius |a |um invade invd |ere invs invsus in (+ acc), cum exercit ingredior | ingressus sum invest collocre investigate investgre investigator investgtor |tris m (trx |trcis f) investment pecniae collocti |nis f invite invtre; (esp. to dinner) vocre involve implicre; be involved in versor |r |tus sum in (+ abl) Ireland Hibernia |ae f Irish adj Hibernicus |a |um iron tr prem |ere press pressus, (ferr) lvigre irregular adj inaequlis |is |e; an irregular verb inaequle verbum (ut vol, I want) irregularly adv inaequliter; duo is irregularly declined duo inaequliter dclntur irresponsible inofficisus |a |um irritable rcundus |a |um irritate exasperre is est; is that so? itane est? island nsula |ae f isthmus isthmus | m (f) it id, eius Italy Italia |ae f

of interest srae |rum fpl; 3 percent (4 percent, 5 percent, 6 percent, 12 percent) interest per annum quadrants (trients, quncncs, smisss centsimae) srae; pay interest on sram pendo |ere pepend (+ dat); simple interest perpetuum faenus; take an interest in something studi alicius tenr interest tr tene |re |u; sports dont interest me ld m nn tenent interested: children are interested in games lber lds tenentur; I am interested in music msicae [dat] stude; I am interested in that id mihi crae est; I am not the least bit interested in the races circnsibus n levissim quidem teneor interesting (in appearance) specisus |a |um; that book is interesting ille liber m tenet interfere in s interpn |ere interposu (+ dat) interior adj interior |or |us interior s: in the interior in mediterrne, intus; toward the interior intus interjection s interiecti |nis f (ut heus t! hey you!) international law is, iris n gentium internet adj interrtilis |is |e internet s interrte |is n interrogate interrogre interrupt interpellre; dont interrupt me! nl (pl: nlte) m interpellre! (or mihi obloqu!) intersection compitum | n, quadrivium | n interview colloquium | n interrogtrium

General Vocabulary itch intr prri |re; (fig) gesti |re; Im just itching to gesti quidem (+ inf) item of merchandise merx, mercis f its eius jog toltim cursitre joint articulus | m joke intr iocor |r |tus sum; all joking aside ioc remt; now youre joking iocris nunc t

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joke s iocus | m; as a joke per iocum

J
jacket iacca |ae f; (of leather) iacca |ae f scortea jail carcer |eris m jailer custdirius | m (a |ae f) jam baccrum condtra |ae f; be in a jam in angustis versor |r |tus sum January mnsis |is m Inurius; in January mnse Inuri jaw malae |rum fpl jawbone maxilla |ae f jealous invidus |a |um; be jealous of invide |re invd (+ dat) jealousy invidia |ae f jeans brcae |rum fpl Genunss jello sorbillum | n concrtum jelly cilon (also quilon) | n jerk (slang) larva |ae f jet plane roplanum | n pyraulocnticum jewel gemma |ae f jeweler aurifex |icis m jewelry store gemmria |ae f jitters scrpulus | m; give s.o. the jitters alicui scrpulum inici |ere inic job (piece of work) opus |eris n; (as a means of livelihood) quaestus |s m; good job! rct factum!; its a big job but magnum opus est sed tamen

jokingly per iocum or inter iocum jot down annotre, dnotre journal commentri |rum mpl periodic journalism diurnria ars |tis f journalist diurnrius | m (a |ae f) joy gaudium | n; feel joy gaude |re gvsus sum joystick (comput) vectulus | m judge idex |icis m; sit as judge (hold court) is dcere judgment idicim | n; against my better judgment adversum ingenium meum; in my judgment me idici judicial idicilis |is |e; judicial system rati |nis f idicilis judo lucta |ae f idica juice succus | m July mnsis |is m Ilius; in July mnse Ili jump sali |re |u or |i; jump down dsilre; jump for joy exsultre; jump rope ad fnem salre June mnsis |is m Inius; in June mnse Ini junior iunior |ris m junk scrta |rum npl juror idex |icis m jury cnsilium | n; idics |um mpl just adj istus |a |um just adv modo; just about (pretty well, virtually) propemodum; just a

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Conversational Latin kid tr ldere, ldificre, iocor |r |tus sum; dont kid me n m lds; youre kidding! ldis m! kidney rn, rnis m kidney bean phaslus | m(f) kill occd |ere | occsus, necre; kill time tempus fall |ere fefell; youre killing me! m nics! kilometer chliometrum | n kind adj (to, toward) benevolus |a |um (erg + acc) kind s (type) genus |eris n; what kind of person is ? qulis hom est ? kindergarten paedotrophum | n kind-hearted benevolus |a |um, benignus |a |um kindness benevolentia |ae f; (kind deed) beneficium | n; show kindness to s.o. benevolentiam alicui praest |re praestit kiss s sculum | n, suvium | n; (passionate) bsium | n kiss tr sculr, suvir, suvium dare (+ dat), bsire kitchen culna |ae f kitchen knife culter |tr m coqunris kitchen utensils nstrmenta |rum npl coquintria knapsack sacciprium | n dorsule knee gen |s n kneecap patella |ae f knife culter |r m; (small knife) cultellus | m knock down dici |ere dic diectus; (in boxing) stern |ere strv strtus; knock out cnsternere, prfligre

moment ago modo; just as cum maxim: just as I was writing that cum haec maxim scrberem; just before (an event) sub (+ acc); just in time tempor; just now modo; just then tunc maxime; just the other day modo; just the same (anyhow) tamen or nihil stius; just when cum maxim; just what? quidnam?; just who? quisnam? justice istitia |ae f justly ist jut out see project

K
kangaroo halmatrus | m karate lucta |ae f cartica keen-scented sagcissimus |a |um keep (retain) tene |re |u |tus; (confine) contine |re |u contentus; am I keeping you? num dtine t?; keep a stiff upper lip! fac ut anim fort ss!; keep this to yourself haec t tcum habt; keep your cool! compsce mentem!; keep ones eyes on oculs intentre in (+ acc); what kept you? quid tenuit qu minus venrs? ketchup ketsupum | n key clvis |is m; (of a typewriter or computer) plctrum | n, malleolus | m; (on the keyboard) malleolus | m; hit the key malleolum pulsre; room key clvis |is f conclvis keyboard (of a typewriter or computer) plctrologium | n, rd |inis m plctrrum; (of a piano or organ) clviatra |ae f kick tr (a ball) pede pulsre; kick the bucket animam bulli |re |i

kid s (coll) frustum | n puer or puellae knock it off! parce! (pl: parcite!)

General Vocabulary know sci scre scv sctus; (to be familiar with a person or place) nv |isse (defective verb); get to know nsc |ere nv ntus; he thinks he knows better than I do cnset s pls sapere quam m; Im dying to know how you are doing quid ags, vald ave scre; know for sure certum (or cert) scre; know how to scre (+ inf); let me know what you are doing m velim certirem facis, quid ags; let me know where you are facit ut sciam ubi ss; not know nesci |re knowledge scientia |ae f; (acquisition of knowledge) cogniti |nis f; without the knowledge of clam (+ abl); without your knowledge clam vbs known ntus |a |um; make known palam facere; well known ntissimus |a |um knuckle articulus | m digit knucklehead br |nis m

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ship) in terram gredior | gressus sum; (of a plane) deorsum appellere; (of a bird) (on) nsd |ere nsd (+ dat) land s terra |ae f; (a piece of land) ager |r m landing (of a plane) appulsus |s m; (on stairs) sclrium | n landscape reginis forma |ae f language lingua |ae f, serm |nis m; the Latin language lingua Latna, serm Latnus language lab officna |ae f loqulris lap gremium | n laptop (comput) computtrulum | n portbile lark alauda |ae f (see bird) last adj ultimus |a |um; (in line) novissimus |a |um; (immediately preceding) proximus |a |um; (adj used where English uses an adv) novissimus |a |um, e.g., Cicero spoke last Cicer novissimus loctus est; at last dmum; last night her vesper, proxim nocte; the night before last superire nocte last intr drre, perdrre late adj srus |a |um late adv sr; all too late imm iam sr; too late srius; very late srissim lately nper later poste; a little later poste aliquant; postpone till later differ |ferre distul dltus in aliud tempus latest: at latest summum; perhaps tomorrow, at latest the day after that fortasse crs, summum perendi Latin (to know, read, teach, speak, understand, write) Latn; are you learning Latin? discisne Latn?;

L
label pittacium | n laborer operrius | m, operria |ae f lacrosse ldus | m lacrossensis; play lacrosse ld lacrossns ldere lacrosse stick (or crosse) crocia |ae f; cradle the stick crociam agitre ladle trlla |ae f lagoon stgnum | n lake lacus |s m lamb agnus | m, agna |ae f; (as food) agnna |ae f; lambs bleat agn blant lamp lucerna |ae f land intr (of a ship) (ad terram) appell |ere appul; (of a passenger on a

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Conversational Latin lawyer irispertus | m (a |ae f); defense lawyer advoctus | m (a |ae f); trial lawyer causidicus | m (a |ae f) lay (to place) pn |ere posu positus; (bricks) stru |ere |x |ctus; (eggs) pari |ere peper; lay a finger on s.o. aliquem n digit atting |ere attig; lay it on the line drctum loquor, loqu loctus sum; lay off! dsine (pl: dsinite) tandem! layer the hair comam in grads frang |ere frg frctus layover commorti |nis f laziness ignvia |ae f lazy ignvus |a |um, piger |gra |grum lead dc |ere dx ductus; all roads lead to Rome omns viae Rmam dcunt

did you forget Latin? esne obltus (|a) Ltn?; do you know Latin? nstne Latn?; do you know how to speak Latin? scsne Latn loqu?; do you read Latin easily? legisne Latn facile?; do you speak Latin (fluently)? loquerisne Latn (prfluenter)?; do you teach Latin? docsne Latn?; do you understand Latin? intellegisne Latn?; firstyear Latin prmus Latnittis annus | m; since when have you been learning Latin? ex qu tempore Latn didicist?; where did you study Latin? ubi Latne studuist?; who is able to write Latin? quis Latne scrbere potest? Latin teacher Latnittis magistra |ae f or magister |r m Latium Latium | n (district in which Rome lies)

leader prnceps |ipis m laugh rde |re rs; I laughed till I lead pencil stilus | m plumbtus, cried rs sque ad lacrims; laugh at graphium | n rdre learn disc |ere didic; learn by heart laundry fullnica |ae f, officna |ae f discere; learn thoroughly lavtria; (dirty clothes) lavandria perdiscere |rum npl learned doctus |a |um, rudtus |a |um lavender lavandulceus |a |um learner discns |entis mf law lx, lgis f; (divine law) fas n (indecl); (denoting the entire body of leash s cingulum | n law) is, iris n; against the law leash tr (a dog) (canem) cingul alligre contr is; (against a specific law) least minim; at least utique, saltem contr lgem; by law lge; break the leather adj ex cori; (for law lgem violre; in accordance weatherproofing) scorteus |a |um; with the law lge leather raincoat scortea paenula lawfully lgitim |ae f lawn prtulum | n; mow the lawn leather s corium | n prtulum resecre leave (depart) discd |ere discess lawnmower herbisectrum | n discessrus; (office) abe |re |i (+ lawsuit ls |tis f; bring (or file) a abl); leave it up to s.o. to alicui lawsuit against s.o. ltem alicui mandre ut (+ subj); leave me alone! omitte (pl: omittite) m!; leave no intend |ere |

General Vocabulary stone unturned null loc dsum desse dfu leave of absence commetus |s m lecherous libdinsus |a |um lectern lctrium | n lecture crosis |is f; (explicating an author) praelcti |nis f; give a lecture crosin facere, sermnem habre lecture hall audtrium | n left sinister |ra |rum, laevus |a |um; on the left sinistr; (to the) left sinistrrsum leftovers (from a meal) reliquiae |rum fpl leg crs, crris n

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me go! mitte (pl: mittite) m!; let me know fac (pl: facite) ut sciam; let me see licet (ut) videam; let s.o. down alicui dsum desse dfu, dfici |ere dfc (+ dat); lets go emus; let up (of rain, snow) dtumscit |ere letter s epistula |ae f, litterae |rum fpl; (of the alphabet) littera |ae f; letters form syllables litterae faciunt syllabs letter opener nsiculus | m epistulris lettuce lactca |ae f leukemia leukaemia |ae f level s (instrument) lbra |ae f (aquria); be on a level with s.o. par esse alicu lever vectis |is m

librarian bibliothcrius m (a |ae f) legal lgitimus |a |um, secundum lgem library bibliothca |ae f or lgs license (to drive) diplma |atis n legally lgitim, lge or lgibus guberntinis legislation lgislti |nis f license plate notculum | n autocnt legislator lgisltor |ris m (in Roman lie intr (be lying down) iace |re |u; government, a proposer of a bill) (in bed) cub |re |u; (be situated) leisure time tium | n, tempus |oris n vacuum situs |a |um esse; (tell a lie) mentior |r menttus sum; lie down (to rest) dcumb |ere dcubu; lie in the direction of verg |ere ad (+ acc) lie s falsum | n, mendcium | n; tell a lie mendcium dcere lieutenant locumtenns |entis mf life vta |ae f; but such is life sed vta fert; its not a question of life or death nn capitis rs agitur; lead the life of Riley vtam Chiam ger |ere gess; on my life! ita vvam! life imprisonment: give s.o. life imprisonment aliquem damnre carcer quoad vvat lift weights librmenta toll |ere sustul subltus

lemon citreum | n lemonade lmonta |ae f length longitd |inis f; in length in longitdinem lengthen tr prdc |ere prdx prductus (opp: corripere) lengthwise per longitdinem lens lns, lentis f optica lentil lns |tis f leopard pardus | m lesson lcti |nis f, praeceptum | n let permitt |ere perms permissus; let fall dmitt |ere dms dmissus; let fly mitt |ere ms missus; let

340 ligament ligmen |inis n

Conversational Latin linen adj lneus |a |um; linen cloth sabanum | n linen s linteum | n, lnum | n linesman (sports) idex |icis m lnerius link s (comput) cnexus |s m link tr (comput) cnect |ere cnexu cnexus linker (comput) cnectrum | n linking (comput) cnexi |nis f lion le |nis m, leaena |ae f; lions roar lens rgiunt lip labrum | n; lower lip labrum nferius; upper lip labrum superius; keep a stiff upper lip fac, ut anim fort ss list numerus | m; (e-mail list) grex, gregis m (interrtilis) list owner (comput) gregis modertor |tris m (trx |trcis f) listless dses |idis liter ltra |ae f literal adj proprius |a |um (opp: trnsltvus) literally adv propri, ad verbum (opp: figrt) litter lectca |ae f little adv paulum; a little paululum; a little bigger paul amplior little adj parvus |a |um; for a little while paulisper; little brother frterculus | m; little sister sororcula |ae f live (be alive) vv |ere vx vctum; (reside) habitre; live it up pergraecor |r; live near, (in the case of a river) live on the banks of accol |ere |u accultum; live on (e.g., a venison) vescor | (+ abl);

light adj make light of in lev habre light s lmen |inis (lectricum) n; turn on (off) the light lmen accend |ere | accnsus (expedi |re |v) light bulb globulus | m lectricus lighter ignitbulum | n lightning intr it is lightning fulget fulgre fulsit, fulgurre lightning s fulmen |inis n; be struck by lightning fulmine (or cael) cor c ictus sum lightning bug musca |ae f ignifera like adj similis |is |e (+ gen or, more rarely, dat); he said something like this haec fer dxit; thats more like it propemodum est like tr (care for) crre; Id like to velim (+ inf); Id like you to come velim (ut) venis; I like s.th. (best) aliquid mihi (potissimum) placet; I like summer aests mihi placet; I like the city urbs m dlectat; I like this hoc mihi placet; I like to do this m iuvat hoc facere; I like to watch the races libenter circnss spect; stay if you like man s tib placbit likely vrsimilis |is |e; it is more likely that vrsimilius est (acc + inf); most likely she will come proximum est ut veniat (or vrsimillim est eam ventram esse) line lnea |ae f; (of prose or poetry) versus |s m; draw a line with a ruler lneam per rgulam dcere; drop me a line when you have time scrbe aliquid litterrum quand vacs; form a long line longum agmen facere; in a straight line per drctum, rct; hes feeding you a line verba tibi iste dat; lay it on the line drctum loquor loqu loctus sum

General Vocabulary youre living on borrowed time d lucr vvis (pl: vvitis) live adj vvus |a |um liveliness alacrits |tis f lively alacer |cris |cre liver iecur |oris n livestock pecus |oris n living s make a living quaestum facere or vctum quaeritre living room sessrium | n, synoecium | n lizard lacertus | m, lacerta |ae f loaded (with money) cpisus |a |um; (drunk) madidus |a |um loaf intr cessre loaf of bread pnis |is m loan argentum n mtuum; may I hit you for a loan? licetne t mtu ferre? lobster astacus | m local number numerus | m loclis local train trmen |inis n commne located situs |a |um locket capsella |ae f; wear a locket around the neck capsellam d cervce ger |ere gess gestus; (worn by boys, of leather, silver or gold) bulla |ae f; wearing a locket bulltus |a |um lock up occld |dere |s |sus; (in prison) in carcerem comping |ere compg compctus locust lcusta |ae f; locusts chirp lcustae strdent log in intr (comput) ine |re |v or |i log out intr (comput) exe |re |iv or |i loneliness slitd |inis f lonely slus |a |um

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long adj longus |a |um, prductus |a |um (opp: brevis, correptus); a vowel is long by nature or by position voclis est longa ntr aut positine; fifteen miles long qundecim mlia passuum (often written: p.) in longitdinem or qundecim mlia passuum in longitdinem patns long adv di; (for a) long time now iamddum; how long quam di; how much longer quamdi etiam; it would take too long to longum erat (+ inf); long ago prdem; long after (before) mult post (ante); longer ditius; too long ditius, nimium di long-distance number numerus | m longinquus long for dsderre longing (for) dsderium | n (+ gen) long jump (sports) saltus |s m in longum long-sleeved manictus |a |um long-winded longus |a |um look aspici |ere aspex aspectus; (appear, seem) videor vidr vsus sum; it looks that way to me ita mihi vidtur; look! ecce!; look after crre; look around circumspicere; look at nspici |ere nspex nspectus; look down on (despise) dspectre; look for qaer |ere quaesv quaestus: aha, the very person I was looking for! attat, quem quaerbam!; look forward to exspectre; look here, you! eho t!; look into nspicere; (examine) perscrtr; look like videor |r vsus sum similis (+ dat or gen); I dont know what he (or she) looks like qu sit faci, nesci; look out of the window ex fenestr prspicere;

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Conversational Latin low intr (of cattle) mgi |re |v or |i low adj I am low on (e.g., paper) (charta) mihi dest; in a low voice summiss vce; run low dfici |ere dfc low-born ignbilis |is |e lower jaw mandbula |ae f loyal fidlis |is |e, fdus |a |um; remain loyal in fid mane |re mns loyalty fidlits |tis f lube job, lubrication ncti |nis f autocnt luck fortna |ae f; good luck! flciter! luckily flciter lucky flx |cis, fortntus |a |um luggage vsa |rum npl; sarcinae |rum fpl; piece of luggage sarcina |ae f; (small) sarcinula |ae f luggage rack retinculum | n sarcinle luggage tag pittacium | n sarcinle

look over (someone) contemplre; (a book, essay) perleg |ere perlg; look someone in the eye aliquem rcts oculs intueor |r intuitus sum; look up (a reference) inqur |ere inqusv inqustus in (+ acc); look up at suspicere; look up to (out of respect) suspicere look-out: keep a careful look-out omnia circumspectre look-out man index |icis m loose (not tight) laxus |a |um; (morally) dissoltus |a |um loose-leaf folder collctrium | n loose-leaf tablet cdicillus m chartrum lop-sided inaequlis |is |e lose (mostly unintentionally) mitt |ere ms missus; (mostly blamably) perd |dere |did |ditus loud adj magnus |a |um, clrus |a |um loud adv magn voce, clr

loudmouth clmtor |ris m, clmtrx lump s tberculum | n lump tr lump s.o. together with |cis f aliquem accd |ere (+ dat) loudspeaker megaphnum | n lunch prandium | n; eat lunch louse pdiculus | m prande |re prand; have lunch lousy foedus |a |um; (weather) spurcus prandium sm |ere smps smptus |a |um; feel lousy s male habre lung pulm |nis m lovable ambilis |is |e lust cupidits |tis f; (sexual desire) love s amor |ris m (followed by erga or libd |inis f in + acc, or by gen, if the object is lying falsiloquus |a |um not a person); fall in love at first sight n aspect in amrem incid lyre lyra |ae f |ere | love tr amre lover amtor |ris m, amtrx |cis f love seat bisellium | n (tment fartum) loving amns |antis

M
macaroni pasta |ae f tubulta machine mchina |ae f machinery mchinle nstrmentum | n

General Vocabulary machinist mchintor |ris m mackerel scomber |r m

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mad (insane) nsnus |a |um; (angry) rtus |a |um; be mad about (be malaria malria |ae f madly in love with) dperi |re |i (+ acc); go mad mente alinr; Im mall forum | n subtgulneum mad at you tibi suscnse or ego tibi man vir, vir m rtus sum manage crre; (e.g., a bank) moderor madam domina |ae f |r |tus sum; (esp. on a large scale) magazine commentri |rum mpl administrre; if you can manage it s periodic imgine id cnficere poteris magic s magica ars |tis f; practice manager modertor |ris m, magic magics arts exerce |re |u modertrx |cis f magic, magical adj magicus |a |um; do mane iba |ae f magic tricks praestgior |r manuscript manuscrptum | n magician magus | m, maga |ae f many mult |ae |a magistracy magistrtus |s m map charta |ae f geographica; map of magistrate magistrtus |s m the world orbis |is m terrrum magnetic magnticus |a |um pctus maid ancilla |ae f, famula |ae f mail s epistulae |rum fpl, rs (rrum) fpl cursuls; (postal system) cursus |s m pblicus; (comput) litterae |rum fpl lectronicae, epistula |ae f lectronica; deliver mail rs cursuls redd |dere |did |ditus; forward mail rs cursuls dfer dferre dtul dltus; stack of mail multiiugae litterae fpl mail tr d dare ded datus; I mailed the letter yesterday litters her ded mailbox capsula |ae f tabellria mailman tabellrius | m mainland continns |entis f main road via |ae f prnciplis major in operam prmriam (cuidam disciplnae) dare make believe that adsimulre quasi (+ subj), simulre (+ acc w. inf); make fun of ldificre, ld |ere ls; march intr iter facere March s mnsis |is m Mrtius; in March mnse Mrti margarine margarnum | n marijuana cannabis |is f; smoke marijuana fmum cannabis sg |ere sx marine mles |itis m classicus; the marines classiri |rum mpl mark tr (draw or make a mark on anything) notre; (set down mentally) dsignre; mark my words animum intende (pl: intendite) in dicta mea mason faber |br m lapidrius mast mlus | m masters degree gradus |s m magistrlis match rmentum | n flammiferum; (sports) certmen |inis n mathematics mathematica |ae f

make the mouth water ad salvam facere; make up (a story) excogitre; make up with s.o. in grtiam cum aliqu rede |re |i

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Conversational Latin means: by all means! maxim!, immo!; by fair means rct; by means of render by abl or per (+ acc); by no means haudququam

matter intr it doesnt matter to me nihil ad m pertinet; what does that matter to me (you, us)? quid id me (tu, nbs) rfert?

matter s rs, re f; for that matter ade; meanwhile interim no matter how quamvs (+ subj); measles morbilii |rum mpl what on earths the matter? measure intr pate |re |u, collig quidnam est?; whats the matter |ere collg; measuring ten miles in with you? quid est tcum? or quid circumference patns (or colligns) istuc est re? decem mlia passuum circuit mattress culcita |ae f; air mattress meat car |nis f culcita nfltilis meatball globulus | m carneus May mnsis |is m Mius; in May mnse Mi may: I (you, etc.) may mihi (tibi, etc.) licet; may I leave? licetne mihi abre? or licetne mihi (ut) abeam? (Note: in short phrases the ut is often omitted) maybe fortasse mayonnaise liqumen |inis n Magnicum mayor praefectus | m (a |ae f) urb meadow prtum | n meal cibus | m mean tr significre; (intend) vol velle volu; do you know whom I mean? scsne quem dcam?; do you mean me? mne vs? yes, you t; do you really mean it? aisne vr? Yes, I do ai; how do you mean that? qu istuc vs?; now you know what I mean scs iam quid loquar; what does this mean? quid hoc sibi vult?; what do you mean? quid tibi vs?; what do you mean by that? quid istuc est verb?; what I mean is (in correcting a misunderstanding) at enim meaning s significti |nis f; basic meaning prnceps significti meat grinder mchina |ae f carnrium meat tray ferculum | carnrium m mechanic mechanicus opifex |icis m medal nomisma |atis n; gold (silver, bronze) medal nomisma aureum (argenteum, aereum) medical practice medicna |ae f medication medicmentum | n medicine medicna |ae f, medicmen |inis n; practice medicine medicnam exerce |re |u Mediterranean Sea internum mare |is n, Tuscum mare, Tyrrhnum mare meet tr & intr conveni |venre |vn |ventus meeting congressus |s m megaphone megaphnum | n melt tr dissolv |vere |v |tus intr liqusc |ere member (of the body) membrum | n; (of an organization) sodlis |is mf memorize disc |ere didic memory memoria |ae f; commit to memory memoriae mandre; have a good memory bon memori esse; if my memory serves me right s ego

General Vocabulary satis commemin; in memory of in memoriam (+ gen) mend (clothes) sarci |re sars sartus mention s menti |nis f; since mention has been made of money quoniam nummrum menti facta est

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microwave oven furnus | m undrum brevium middle class rd |inis m medius; (in Rome) equits |um mpl middle school schola |ae f media

midget nnus | m, nna |ae f mention tr I dont want to mention midnight media nox, |ctis f; around him by name eum nl nminre; midnight medi circiter nocte; at not to mention ut nn (or nihil) midnight (d) medi nocte; before dcam d (+ abl); not to mention the midnight ante mediam noctem fact that ut mittam quod (+ indic) midwife obstetrx |cis f menu cibrum index |icis m, cibrum migraine hmicrnia |ae f; have a tabella |ae f; (comput) iussrum migraine headache dole |re |u tabella |ae f ab hmicrni merchandise vnlicia |rum npl, mild clmns |entis, mtis |is |e mercs |ium fpl mile mille passs |uum mpl; two miles merchant merctor |ris m; (in a duo mlia npl passuum market) macellrius | m (a |ae f) military mlitris |is |e; military age mermaid nympha |ae f marna aets |tis f mlitris; military merrily hilar, fstv service mlitia |ae f; enter military merry hilaris |is |e, hilarus |a |um; service mlitiam inre; perform Merry Christmas! Faustum ac military service mlitre; the Flcem Chrst Ntlem (tibi military mlitia |ae f exopt)! Fausta Fsta Ntlicia milk s lac lactis n Chrst (tibi exopt)! milk tr mulge |gre |s |sus or |ctus merry-go-round circumvectbulum | mince: without mincing words sine n fc ac fallcis mess (dirt) squlor |ris m; (confusion) turba |ae f; geez, what a mess! eu edepol rs turbulents!; make a mess of it turbs concie |re concv conctus message nntius | m metal metallum | n meter (unit of measure, verse) metrum | n meticulous accrtus |a |um microphone microphnum | n microscope microscopium | n mind tr (look after) crre, tueor |r tuitus sum; (regard) respici |ere respex respectus; (object to) aegr (or molest) fer ferre tul ltus; I dont mind if you stay nn labr s mans; if you dont mind s tibi molestum nn est; s tibi vidtur; mind my words auscult (pl: auscultte) dicts mes!; mind ones own business negtium suum ag agere g; never mind! sine! (pl: sinite!); never mind what he says mitte (pl: mittite) quod dcit

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Conversational Latin misbehave s male (or indecr) ger |ere gess miserable miser |era |erum misery miseria |ae f misquote alis verbs pn |ere posu positus miss (feel the want of) dsderre; (pass by without noticing) praetermitt |mittere |ms; miss the mark dstint aberrre missile missle |is n mist nebula |ae f mistake error |ris m, errtum | n; (esp. in writing) mendum | n; by mistake imprdns, perperam; make a mistake errre; youre making a big mistake errs pervers or vehementer errs mistaken (idea) falsus |a |um; unless I am mistaken nisi fallor misty nebulsus |a |um mixed salad commxta actria |rum npl mixer mchina |ae f mxtria mobile home domuncula |ae f subrotta; (trailer home) habitculum | n remulctum model exemplar |ris n; (of clothes) vestimentrum mnsttrx |cis f (or mnstrtor |ris m)

mind s mns |tis f, animus | m; be in ones right mind apud s esse; change ones mind sententiam mtre; come to mind in mentem venre; enter my mind mihi in mentem venre; have in mind to in anim habre (+ inf); hes out of his mind alintus est s; I made up my mind to leave constitu hinc abre or certum est mihi hinc abre; I was out of my mind when dsipibam mentis cum ; it slipped my mind to write to you fgit m ad t scrbere; of sound mind compos |otis mentis; set your mind at ease hab animum lnem et tranquillum; whats on your mind? quid tibi in anim est? mine s metallum | n, fodna |ae f; coal mine fodna |ae f carbnria; gold mine aurifodna |ae f; gold (lead, iron, copper, silver, tin) mine metallum aur (plumb, ferr, cupr, argent, plumb alb); mine shaft fodnae puteus | m mine tr effodi |ere effd effssus miner metallrius | m, fssor |ris m mineral water aqua |ae f minerlis miniskirt castula |ae f brevissima (or dcurtta) minister (eccl) minister |tr m (tra |trae f), pstor |ris m

minute minta, |ae f; any minute now modem (comput) trnsmodultrum | n iam iamque; in a minute mment moderate (of persons) modertus |a temporis; the minute I saw you |um; (of things) modicus |a |um; of extempl ubi ego t vd; this minute moderate size modicus |a |um (right now) iam; (immediately) modest modestus |a |um cttum; wait a minute man dum modesty modestia |ae f mirror speculum | n; look at oneself in the mirror s in specul intueor |r; look into the mirror in speculum nspici |ere nspex nspectus modify tr adicior adic adiectus sum (+ dat); which noun does bonus modify? cui nmin bonus adicitur?

General Vocabulary modifying adj adiectus |a |um (+ dat) molars dents mpl molrs mole talpa |ae f mom mamma |ae f moment momentum | n temporis; at any moment omnibus moments; at the very moment ips tempore; at the very same moment pnct temporis edem; for a moment paulisper; in a moment (i.e., presently) statim; just a moment ago modo Monday dis | m Lnae money argentum | n, pecnia |ae f, numm |rum mpl; (of paper) monta |ae f chartcea money belt ventrle |is n; (of cloth) zna |ae f money order (nummrium) mandtum | n cursule monitor (comput) monitrium | n, capsa |ae f computtrlis monkey smius | m, smia |ae f; (as term of abuse) you monkey! smia!; monkeys chatter smi strdent monopoly monoplium | n; play monopoly monopli ldere monosyllable s monosyllaba |ae f month mnsis |is m monument monumentum | n moo mgi |re |v or |i mood affectus |s m anim, animus | m; (gram) modus | m; be in a good mood bonum animum habre; get over ones mood animum superre; imperative mood, e.g., read! modus impertvus, ut lege!; indicative mood, e.g., I read modus indictvus, ut leg; subjunctive mood, e.g., although I

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read modus subinctvus, ut cum legam moose alcs |is f moped autobirotula |ae f more adj pls, plris n; plrs |ium mf pl; (denoting greater extent of space or time; also number) amplius; more (things) plra |ium npl; but more of this another time sed d hc alis plribus; more money, strength, power pls pecniae, virium, potentiae more adv magis; more or less magis minusve; more than magis quam; more (less) than years old mior (minor) anns ntus |a |um moreover praetere morning mttnum | n, tempus |oris n mttnum; early in the morning bene mne, mult mne; from morning till evening mne sque ad vesperam; good morning! salv!; in the morning mne; sleep all morning ttum mne dormre; the next morning mne postrdi; this morning hodi mne mortar harntum | n mortgage s hypothca |ae f; pay off a mortgage hypothcam lberre; take out a mortgage hypothcam obligre mortgage tr hypothc obligre mosquito culex |icis m most adj plerque, pleraeque, pleraque; most people plerque or plerque homins most adv (with verbs) maxim; (with adjs and advs, expressed by the superlative degree); (in the case of an adj in |ius maxim + positive) mostly (for the most part, principally) maximam partem; (generally) plrumque

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Conversational Latin mouse (animal) ms, mris m; (comput) ms, mris m, msculus | m; mice squeak mrs mintriunt mouse clicker (comput) mris pulsbulum | n mouth s, ris n; (of a river) stium | n; I had better keep my mouth shut taceam optimum est; shut your mouth! obser s tuum! mouthful bucca |ae f move tr move |re mv mtus intr movr, s movre; (to change residence) migrre movie taeniola |ae f cnmatographica, fbula |ae f cnmatographica; go to see (watch) a movie taeniolam cnmatographicam vs |ere |; show a movie taeniolam cnmatographicam exhibe |re |u |itus (see Chapter V)

motel dversrium | n vehiculrium moth blatta |ae f mother mter |tris f mother-in-law socrus |s f motherless mtre orbus |a |um motherly mternus |a |um motion mtus |s m; (parl) sententia |ae f; approve a motion sententiam comprobre; make a motion regarding refer referre rettul reltus d (+ abl); on my motion m referente; oppose a motion sententiae [dat] obsist |ere obstit motivate concitre motivation (for) rati |nis f (+ gen); incitmentum | n; motivation to study incitmentum studiend

motive causa |ae f, rati |nis f; what was his motive in coming? Cuius re movie camera mchinula |ae f caus vnerat?; he had a strong cnmatographica motive magna rati e erat movie projector priectrium | n motor mtrium | n, mtrum | n cnmatographicum motor boat scapha |ae f automatria movie screen linteum | n lt extentum motorcycle autobirota |ae f movie theater cnmatum | n; go the motorcylist autobirotrius | m (a |ae movie theater (or to the movies) in f) cnmatum e re v motorist autoraedrius | m (a |ae f), movies imgins |um fpl movents autocntists |ae mf mow the lawn grmen (or prtulum) motor oil oleum | n mtri resec |re |u |tus mountain mns |tis m muffin scriblta |ae f mountain chain monts |ium mpl perpetu mountain climbing ascnsi |nis f montium (see Chapter V) mountainous montusus |a |um, montnus |a |um mourn tr & intr lge |re lx lctus mourning maeror |ris m; (outward expression of grief) lctus |s m mug s (cup) poculum | n mug tr mulcre mugger percussor |ris m muggy aestusus |a |um mulberry mrum | n mule mlus | m, mla |ae f; mules bray ml rudunt mull over aesture in (+ abl)

General Vocabulary mumps parttis |idis f municipality mnicipium | n murder s nex, necis f (passive in sense while caeds is active in sense); (by hacking or striking) caeds |is f, occsi |nis f murder tr (by wicked and cruel means) necre; (violently and ruthlessly) trcdre; (by hacking or striking) caed |ere cecd caesus; murder a song canticum lacerre murderer nector |ris m, homicda |ae mf; (of a father, mother, or near relative) parricda |ae mf murderess nectrx |cis f muscle msculus | m; pull a muscle msculum distorque |re distors distortus muscle-bound msculs cntrictus |a |um muscular msculsus |a |um museum msum | n mushroom fungus | m; (a choice kind) bltus | m music msica |ae f musical msicus |a |um; musical instrument nstrmentum | n msicum; musical note nota |ae f msiclis musician msicus | m (a |ae f) must: I (you) must go mihi (tibi) eundum est mustache subium | n mustard sinpis |is f mutter mussre mutual mtuus |a |um my meus |a |um my oh my! vae miser (-ae) mihi! myth mthos | m mythological mthologicus |a |um mythology mthologia |ae f

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N
nag tr obiurgitre nail clavus | m; (of a finger, toe) unguis |is m; cut the nails ungus resec |re |u |tus; drive in a nail clvum fg |ere fx fxus; you hit the nail on the head t rem ac tetigist nail tr (to) clv (or clvs) cnfg |ere cnfx cnfctus (+ dat of that to which); to nail (boards) together (tabuls) inter s clvs cnfgere name s nmen |inis n; Varr by name nmine Varr name tr nminre; (enumerate) nuncupre nap brevis somnus m; take a nap brevem somnum capere napkin mappa |ae f, mappula |ae f narcotic medicmentum | n psychotropium narrow angustus |a |um, tenuis |is |e narrow-minded angustus |a |um; be narrow-minded angust anim esse narrow-mindedness angustiae |rum fpl (pectoris) nasty (foul) foedus |a |um; (mean) turpis |is |e nation gns |tis f natural secundum ntram; (unaffected) incompositus |a |um, simplex |icis naturally ntrliter; (of course) nempe, utpote; (unaffectedly) simpliciter nature ntra |ae f; (physical world) ntra rrum; (of a person) ingenium | n

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Conversational Latin negligent negligns |entis neigh intr hinni |re |i; neigh at adhinnre neigh s hinntus |s m neighbor (on the border) fnitimus | m (a |ae f); (nearby or next door) proximus | m (a |ae f); (one in the neighborhood) vcnus | m (a |ae f)

naughty improbus |a |um; (saucy) petulns |antis naval nvlis |is |e navel umbilicus | m navigable nvigbilis |is |e navy cpiae |rum fpl nvls; have a powerful navy nvibus plrimum posse

neighborhood vcnia |ae f near adj (not distant in place or time) neither neuter |tra |trum; thats propinquus |a |um; (neighboring) neither here nor there (a matter of vcnus |a |um (+ dat), prope (+ acc) indifference) susque dque est near prep prope (+ acc) nephew flius | m sorris; flius frtris nearby in proxim nerd inconcinnus | m (a |ae f) nearsighted myps |pis nerve nervus | m; what nerve! O nearsightedness mypia |ae f audciam! neat (clean; elegant) mundus |a |um; nervous intentus |a |um, trepidus |a neat! optim! |um necessary necessrius |a |um; if it is necessary for you to stay on s opus est t commorr; if it is necessary for your health s opus est ad tuam valtdinem; it is necessary necesse est neck collum | n, cervx |cis f (usually used in the plural) necklace torqus |is m, monle |is n; (of precious stones) monle gemmtum necktie fcle |is n need dsderre; ege |re |u (+ abl, more rarely + gen); I (you, we) need money opus est mihi (tibi, nbs) argent [abl] needle acus |s f needless to say quid quaeris?; quid multa? needy inops |opis negligence negligentia |ae f, incria |ae f nervousness trepidti |nis f, animus | m trepidus nest ndus | m; build a nest ndificre net (also comput) rte |is n neuter adj neuter |tra |trum, neutrlis |is |e; in the neuter neutrliter neutral nullus partis (esse) never numquam; never yet nndum nevertheless tamen, nihilstius new novus |a |um news (esp. brought by a messenger) nntius | m; I just got news that modo mihi nntitum est (+ acc w. inf); if you happen to have any news about s quid forte nov habs d (+ abl); if you have no news about s nihil nov habs d (+ abl); Ill tell you when I have any news narrb, cum aliquid habb nov; is there any news? numquid nov? no other news nihil praetere nov

General Vocabulary news broadcast nnti |rum mpl (radiophnic, tlevsific) newscast tledirium | n newspaper cta |rum npl diurna, dirium | n; morning (evening) newspaper dirium matutnum (vespertnum); newspaper article commentti |nis f; weekly newspaper cta hebdomadlia newsstand dirirum tabernula |ae f next adj proximus |a |um; next to proximus |a |um (+ dat), iuxt (+ acc) next adv proxim; next comes, then then after that unde dein dein inde nice (courteous) concinnus |a; (in personality) lepidus |a; (cute) bellus |a |um; nice weather caelum sernum; it was nice of you to invite me, but no, thank you bene vocs, sed tam grtia est; it wasnt nice of you to say that nn bell fcist qu id dxeris; say s.th. nice aliquid bell dcere

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following night proxim (or nsequente nocte; (on) the night before last superire nocte; spend the night pernoctre; till late at night ad multam noctem nightclub discothca |ae f nightfall: at nightfall sub noctem; till nightfall sque ad noctem nightgown camsia |ae f nocturna nightmare somnium | n turbulentum; have a nightmare somnium turbulntum patior | passus sum night owl (person) noctis avis |is f; (bird) noctua |ae f night table mnsula |ae f cubiculris nipple papilla |ae f nitwit barcala |ae mf no adj nllus |a |um; no one nm |inis m; no parking cav status vehiculum!; no passing cav praevehris!; no stopping n sistit!; no way! nll mod! or nququam!

no adv nn, minim; no longer nn iam, nn ditius nick: in the nick of time in ips articul temporis noble (sentiments) grandis |is |e nickname agnmen |inis n nominative adj nmintvus |a |um niece flia |ae f sorris; flia |ae f frtris night nox, noctis f; at night noct, d nocte; at this time of night hc noctis; by night noct, d nocte; day and night (continually) per dis et nocts, diem noctemque; every night per singuls nocts; from morning till night mne ad noctem sque; good night (greeting) bene vales et quiscs; last night proxim nocte; late at night mult d nocte; night after night per singuls nocts; night and day (continually) nocts et dis; one night qudem nocte; on the nonsense ngae |rum fpl; cut out the nonsense! omitte (pl: omittite) ngs! no nonsense! n ngre! thats a lot of nonsense ngae sunt istae magnae; you are talking nonsense ngs garris; ngris nonsense! ngs! (acc is frequent with exclamations) noodle collra |ae f noodle soup is |ris n collricum noon merdis | m; at noon merdi; before noon ante merdim north adj septentrinlis |is |e

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Conversational Latin now nunc; (denoting emphasis and urgency) iam; (transitional, never in first place) autem; even now etiam nunc; just now (a moment ago) modo; now and then subinde; now at last nunc tandem; now heres the point nunc cognsce rem; now now modo modo; now that postequam (+ indic); now what? quid nunc?; right now (immediately) iam iam; ten years from now ad decem anns nowadays hodi, nunc nowhere nusquam nuclear nucleris |is |e; nuclear power vs f nucleris nudge fodicre number s numerus | m numeral s nmen |inis n numerle (ut nus, duo, trs one, two, three) nurse nosocoma |ae f; (male) nosocomus | m

north adv ad septentrins; north of supr (+ acc) north s septentrins |um mpl; on the north septentrinibus northern septentrinlis |is |e northward in septentrins versus [versus is an adverb] north wind Aquil |nis m nose nsus | m; have a good nose for these things haec fstv odrr; under his very nose ante oculs nosey crisus |a |um; I dont want to be nosey but nn libet crisus (|a) esse sed nostrils nrs |ium fpl not nn; haud (more emphatic than nn, and used chiefly before adjs and advs); (softened negative) parum; and not nec, neque; not at all nn omnn; not bad nn male; not even n quidem; not only but also nn slum sed etiam; not that nn quod (+ subj); not yet nndum

nursery conclve |is n nfantium note s nota |ae f; (short letter) codicill nursing home nosocomium | n |rum mpl; musical note nota msica; notes annottins |um fpl; nut nux, nucis f; be nuts about take notes notre, annnotre someone (amre) dpere |re |i aliquem; he is a nut nga iste est; note tr notre; note down notre hes nuts alintus est s; youre notebook libellus | m, pugillrs |ium nuts dlrs mpl nutty (coll) baceolus |a |um note pad pugillrs |ium mpl nymph nympha |ae f marna nothing nihil notice animadvert |vertere |vert |versus notorious ntus |a |um, nfmis |is |e noun s nmen |inis n; (of an inanimate object) vocbulum | n novel opus |eris n fabulsum November mnsis |is m November; in November mnse Novembr

O
oak adj rboreus |a |um oak rbur |uris n, quercus |s f oats avna |ae f obedient (to) oboedins |entis (dat) object s (gram) expressed by the verb adiung, for example, the man is

General Vocabulary the object of the verb hic hom verb adiungitur [Note: Roman grammarians never used the word obiectum in connection with a verb or preposition. Whereas we would say, for example, man is the object of the verb the Romans would say man is joined to the verb. See also the definition of modify above.] object (to) obsist |ere obstit (+ dat) objection: I have no objection per m licet; if you have no objection s per t licet object lesson documentum | n obliged: Im much obliged to you for sending me your book fcist mihi pergrtum quod librum ad m msist obliging commodus |a |um obscurity ignbilits |tis f obviously manifest occasion: for the occasion in tempus; if occasion should arise s fuerit occsi occasionally per occsinem, subinde occupation (means of livelihood) quaestus |s m; what is your occupation? quem quaestum facis? occupy (take possession of) occupre; (take by force) capi |ere cp captus; be occupied with something in aliqu r versr occur (take place) incid |ere |; (come up) obveni |re; that had never occurred to me mihi istuc numquam in mentem vnerat. ocean ceanus | m; the Atlantic Ocean ceanus Atlanticus or mare Atlanticum ochre slceus |a |um oclock: at two oclock hr di secund (see p. 81) October mnsis |is m Octber; in October mnse Octbr

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odd (strange) nsolitus |a |um, mrus |a |um; (number) impr, imparis; how odd! rdiculum! off (said of an island) ante (+ acc); off (the coast of) Italy ante Italiam ; be far off procul esse; be a long way off long abesse; be off to hinc abe |re |v or |i ad (+ acc); be well off locupls esse; Im off to the forum ego hinc m ad forum (ag); where are you off to? qu t agis? offenses dlicta |rum npl offhand remark dictum | n incrisum offhand: ex tempore; say offhand d summ pectore dcere office honor |ris m, magistrtus |s m; (work place) officna |ae f; (teachers) studiolum | n; gain an office magistrtum (or honrem) adsequor | adsectus sum officer praefectus | m; cavalry officer praefectus equitum; (police) vigil |ilis mf offside: be offside sersum st stre stet often saepe, nnnumquam oh boy! eu! oh my! vae mihi! oho! eho! O.K. fiat or licet; if its O.K. with you s tibi vidtur; were O.K. bene habmus old vetus |eris (single-ending adj), vetulus |a |um; be years old anns ntus |a |um esse; older mior nt; oldest maximus |a nt

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Conversational Latin opera house thetrum | n melodrmticum operate on sec |re |u |tus operating system (comput) systma |atis n internum operation operti |nis f; (surgical) secti |nis f (or opertio) medica; conduct military operations rs ger |ere gess operetta melodrmtium | n opinion sententia |ae f; express an opinion sententiam dcere; in my opinion me sententi, me idici; what is your opinion about ? quid opnris d (+ abl)? opinion poll interrogti |nis f (politica) opponent adversrius | m (a |ae f); (for office) compettor |tris m (trx |trcis f)

old age senects |tis f, senecta |ae f old-age home gerontocomium | n old lady anus |s f; little old lady anicula |ae f old man senex |is m old woman anus |s f oldster senex |is m olive olva |ae f olive oil oleum | n omelet laganum | n ex vs once (on a certain occasion) qudam di; (one time) semel; once I get started, I cant stop quand incipi, dsinere nn que; at once (immediately) lic, statim; (simultaneously) simul; once and for all semel in perpetuum; once or twice semel atque iterum; once upon a time lim

opposite prep versus (+ acc) (often one nus |a |um; at one time postpositive), adversum (+ acc), (formerly) lim; one another inter contr + acc); opposite of ex advers s: they embraced one another inter or exadvers (+ gen) s amplex sunt; one and the same nus et dem; one house nae aeds optician faber |br m opticus or aut, vel; (in double questions) an |ium fpl; one the other alter alter; one would think crders; we orange adj (color) aurantius |a |um, can discuss that one on one d e lteus |a |um cram disputre possumus orange mlum | n aurantium; (color) one-way street via |ae f nus curss color |ris m lteus onion caepa |ae f only slum, tantummodo (usu. after the word it emphasizes) open adj (not shut) apertus |a |um; (candid) candidus |a |um; in the open (air) sub dv open tr aperi |re aperu apertus openly prpalam opera melodrma |atis n; go to see an opera melodrma vs |ere | orangeade ml auranti pti |nis f orange juice auranti succus | m orbit orbita |ae f orchard pmrium | n orchestra symphnia |ae f, symphniac |rum mpl ordinal adj rdinlis |is |e (ut prmus first) organ (anat) vscus |eris n; (musical instrument) organum | n msicum

General Vocabulary ostrich strthiocamlus | m (see bird) other alius |a |ud ouch! au!; ei!; oeei! ought dbe |re |u |itus ounce ncia |ae f our noster |ra |rum out: out of doors fors; out of place: if it is not out of place nisi alinum est; out of fear propter metum; out of wood d lign; out with it! (tell me!) cedo! (pl: cette!) [an old imperative]; the book is not yet out liber prl nndum exiit outdo superre outdoors fors outfielder externus custs |dis mf outfit habitus |s m, synthesis |is f outlet (electrical) lectrica capsula |ae f contcts outline dlneti |nis f outline tr dlnere output (comput) exitus |s m outside (direction) fors; (position) fors outspoken lberior (gen: |ris) outstanding praestns |antis oven furnus | m

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overhead projector priectrium | n supercapitle overtime (in a game) additicium tempus |oris n overture exrdium | n (melodrmatis) overwhelmed: be overwhelmed with work obruor | obrutus sum, tamquam flct, sc opere owl bb |nis m; owls hoot bbns bbilant (see bird) ox bs, bovis m; oxen bellow bovs boant oyster ostrea |ae f oyster bed ostrerium | n oyster shell ostreae testa |ae f

P
pack (e.g., a theater) stipre; pack up the luggage sarcins (or sarcinuls or vsa) collig |ere collg collctus pack s (of cigarettes) capsella |ae f; (throng) turba |ae f package, packet fasciculus | m page pgina |ae f; at the bottom (top) of the page in m (summ) pgin

pain dolor |ris m; be a big pain in the neck molestissimus |a |um esse; feel pain dolre afficior | affectus sum; over (above) (with motion) super (+ be in pain dole |re |u; severe acc); (in position) supr (+ acc); its pain ingns or vehemns dolor; stop all over! ctum est!; over sixty years being a pain in the neck molestus old mior (quam) anns sexgint (|a) n ss; take pains to operam ntus |a; when the battle was over dare ut (+ subj) cnfect proeli painstaking opersus |a |um paint s pigmentum | n paint tr & intr ping |ere pnx pctus paint brush pnicillus | m painter pctor |ris m, pctrx |cis f

overalls encombma |atis n overcast nbilsus |a |um, nbilus |a |um; become overcast nbilre overcoat superindmentum | n over-confident nimis cnfdns |entis

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Conversational Latin park tr (the car) autocntum statu, statuere, statu parking fee taxa |ae f statva parking lot rea |ae f statva parking-lot attendant custs |dis mf reae statvae parking meter statimetrum | n; put a coin into the parking meter nummum in statimetrum immitt |ere imms immissus parking: no parking! cav status vehiculum parliament parlmentum | n; member of parliament parlmentrius | m (a |ae f) parrot psittacus | m parse tr proprietts (+ gen) dscrb |ere dscrps parsley petroselnum | n part s pars |tis f; (in the hair) discrmen |inis n part tr (the hair) discrminre part of speech pars |tis f rtinis participle participium | n; past or perfect participle praeterit temporis participium; present participle praesentis temporis participium particle particula |ae f (namely, the four parts of speech that are indeclinable: adverb, preposition, conjunction, interjection) particular particulris |is |e; in particular potissimum partly partim; it is partly cloudy (sunny) today (caelum) hodi est partim nbilsum (aprcum) partridge perdx |cis mf (see bird) party (side) pars |tis f, facti |nis f; (celebration) convvium | n; give a party convvium dare; throw a

painting (the art; picture) pctra |ae f; (painting on a board) tabula |ae f (pcta) (see Chapter V) pair pr paris n pajamas synthesis |is f dormtria palate paltum | n pale pallidus |a |um palm (of the hand) palma |ae f pancake artolaganum | n panther panthra |ae f pantry cella |ae f pnria pants brcae |rum fpl; hot pants perbrevs brcae fmineae pantyhose tbilia |ium npl brcria paper charta |ae f paper adj chartaceus |a |um paperback liber |r m chart contctus paper clip fbicula |ae f chartrum paperhanger taptrius | m paprika capsicum | n parachute dcidiculum | n paragraph paragraphus | m, caput |utis n parakeet psittaculus | m parallel bars hastae |rum fpl paralllae parcel fascis |is m (or fasciculus | m) cursulis pardon s venia |ae f; grant s.o. a pardon veniam alicui dare; obtain pardon veniam impetrre pardon tr ignsc |ere ignv (+ dat); pardon me for what I said ignsce mihi, quod dxer parent parns |entis mf parentage genus |eris n park s hort |rum mpl, viridrium | n

General Vocabulary party convvium agitre; join a party part s adiung |gere |x pass s (defile) saltus |s m; (basketball) corbifollis |is m trnsmissus; (football) pedifollis |is m trnsmissus pass tr (go by) praetere |re |i |itus; (ride by) praetervehor |veh |vectus sum; (the time, life) ter |ere trv trtus; (basketball, football, lacrosse) trnsmitt |mittere |ms |missus; pass a law (rogtinem or lgem) perfer perferre pertul perltus; pass around circumfer |ferre |tul |ltus; pass a test probtinem sustine |re |u; pass out distribu |ere |u |tus; pass sentence dcern |ere dcrv dcrtus; pass the bread, please! porrige pnem quaes intr (of time) trnsre; pass away (die) dcd |ere dcess; it came to pass factum est; pass by (go or ride by) praeterre, praeterveh; pass for (appear to be) probre pr (+ abl); pass out (faint) collbor | collpsus sum passage (in a text) locus | m; (across water) trnsitus |s m passbook (bank book) argentriae libellus | m passenger vector |ris m, vectrx |cis f passenger train trmen |inis n commne passing: no passing! cav praevehris! passion cupidits |tis f; (lust) libd |inis f passionate rdns |entis passionately efflictim passive adj passvus |a |um Passover Pascha n [indecl], Pascha |atis n

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passport commets diplma |atis n password (also comput) tessera |ae f past prep praeter (+ acc) past s praeterita |rum npl; (gram) praeteritum tempus |oris n; in the past antehc pasta collra |ae f pastries cuppdia |rum npl pastry baker cuppdinrius | m (a |ae f) pastry shop cuppedinria |ae f pasture pscuum | n pathetic lmentbilis |is |e patience patientia |ae f patient adj patins |entis patient s aeger |gr m, aegra |grae f patiently aequ anim patrician patricius |a |um patriot amtor |tris m (trx |trcis) f patriae patriotic amns |antis patriae patriotism amor |ris m patriae pattern s rgula |ae f; (of weaving) textus |s m pauper pauper |eris mf pave: pave the way to viam facere ad (+ acc) pavement pavmentum | n paw ps, pedis m pay s mercs |dis f; (in the military) stpendium | n (see wages) pay tr solv |ere | soltus; pay off persolvere, exsolvere; pay off a debt debitum persolvere; pay on time ad tempus or ad diem dictam solvere; pay out (money) to dnumerre (numms) (+ dat); pay s.o. $20 for dnumerre alicui vgint dollars pr

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Conversational Latin peel ml cutis |is f; orange peel corium ml auranti peel tr resecre cutem (+ gen)

(+ abl); pay s.o. a visit aliquem invs |ere | intr it pays to listen pretium operae est auscultre payment solti |nis f (pecniae)

peace px, pcis f; break the peace poens persolv |ere |, poens dare pcem frang |ere frg frctus; penalty kick (from 11 meters) ictus |s bring about peace pcem concilire; m ndecim metrrum; (from 7 have peace negotiations with s.o. meters) ictus septem metrrum agere cum aliqu d pce; in peace pencil graphium | n, stilus | m and in war dom et mlitiae (or in plumbeus mliti); peace was concluded on condition that px convnit in pencil sharpener nstrmentum | n eam condicinem ut ; make cuspidrium peace with pcem facere cum (+ abl) pendulum perpendiculum | n peach persicum | n peninsula paennsula |ae f peacock pv |nis m, pva |ae f (see pentathlon pentthlum | n; win the bird) pentathlon pentthl vinc |ere vc peanut arachis, arachidis f hypoga penult s paenultima syllaba |ae f peanut butter btrum | n ex people homins |um mpl; people who arachidibus; put peanut butter on speak Latin qu Latn loquuntur bread btrum ex arachidibus pn pep aclcrits |tis f adhibre pear pirum | n pearl margarta |ae f pearl earrings margartae |rum fpl dpendents pearl necklace monle |is n bacctum peck (little kiss) basiolum | n pedal pedle |is n pedestrian pedes |itis mf pedestrian crossing trnsitus |s m peditum pee ming |ere mnx mctum; (coll) facere peel s cutis |is f; (rind, thick skin) corium | n, cortex |icis m; apple pepper piper |eris n pepper shaker pipernum | n pep rally conventus |s m horttrius pep talk alloquium | n horttrium; give a pep talk to alloquium horttrium habre apud (+ acc) percent centsima |ae f perch (fish) perca |ae f; (for birds) pertica |ae f perch intr (on) nsd |ere nsd (+ dat) perfect perfectus |a |um perfectly (totally) pln perfect tense s tempus |oris n praeteritum perfectum

pelican onocrotalus | m (see bird) pay phone tlephnum | n nummrium pen penna |ae f, calamus | m pea psum | n; pea soup is, iris n ex scrptrius pss penalty poena |ae f; pay the penalty

General Vocabulary perform (duty) praest |re praestit, fungor | functus sum (+ abl) perfume unguentum | n perfume shop taberna |ae f unguentria perhaps fortasse period (punctuation mark) pnctum | n; (span of time, class period) spatium | n; in the third period terti spati; Ill not give in. period! nn concdam. dx!; period of life aets |tis f vtae periodical periodicum | n peristyle peristylium | n perjure oneself perirre perjury peririum | n; commit perjury perirre persistence assiduits |tis f persistent assiduus |a |um person hom |inis mf personal adj persnlis |is |e; personal computer computtrum | n domesticum; personal finances rs, re f familiris; personal injury iniria |e f personality indols |is f personally adv expressed by ipse, per m, per t, etc. pessimistic nflx |cis pester molestis affer |ferre attul (+ dat) pet dliciae |rum fpl; have as a pet in dlicis habre pet tr (stroke) permulce |re permuls; (fondle) subigitre intr inter s subigitre pharmacist (see druggist) pheasant phsina |ae f (see bird) phew interj (gratified surprise or relief) ehem!; (at a bad smell) fu!; f!; phew! whats that stench? f! quidnam est iste ftor? phlegm ptuta |ae f phobia phobia |ae f phone (see telephone) phony affecttus |a |um photo (see photograph)

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photocopier mchina |ae f phtotypica photocopy s exemplar |ris n phtotypicum photocopy tr phtotypic dscrbere photograph s img |inis f phtographica; take photographs imgins lce exprimere photograph tr phtographic redd |ere reddid redditus photographer phtographus | m (a |ae f) photographic film taeniola |ae f phtographica photography phtographia |ae f photo shop officna |ae f phtographica phrase s locti |nis f physical condition corporis habitus |s m physical therapist itralipts |ae m physical therapy itraliptic |s f pianist clvicen |inis mf piano clvicordium | n; play the piano clvicordi canere pick (pluck) carp |ere |s |tus; (gather) leg |ere lg lctus; pick (out) (select) lig |ere lg lctus; pick pockets manticulr intr pick on (someone) carpere; pick up a language linguam perbib perbibere perbib pickle salgamum | n; be in a pickle in angustis versor |r |tus sum

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Conversational Latin Ping-Pong mnslis pilae lsus |s m; play Ping-Pong mnsl pil ldere pink roseus |a |um pipe fistula |ae f aquria; (of an organ) organ fistula pipe organ organum | n fistuls nstructum pitcher urceus | m; (in baseball) coniector |tris m (trx |trcis f) pitchers mound coniectris (coniectrcis) grmus | m

pickpocket sacculrius | m (a |ae f), levtor |ris m picnic cnula |ae f subdilis; go on a picnic excursinem ad cnulam subdilem smendam facere picnic basket pnrium | n picture pctra |ae f, imag |inis f picture tube tubus | m tlevsificus pie crstum | n; cherry pie cerasa npl in crst cocta

piece frstum | n; (often not expressed pitiful flbilis -is |e; (contemptible) by any separate word, the substantive abiectus |a |um denoting the piece, e.g., pnis a piece pity s misericordia |ae f; feel pity for of bread; cseus a piece of cheese; commisersc |ere (+ gen) charta, chartula a piece of paper); pity tr misereor |r |itus sum (+ gen); I break in pieces cnfring |ere pity you misereor tu (pl: vestr) cnfrg cnfrctus pizza pitta |ae f pig porcus | m; pigs oink porc grunniunt place locus | m (pl loca |rum npl); at your place (at your home) apud t; pigeon columba |ae f, columbus | m; from that place illinc; in place of a pigeons coo columbae gemunt (see parent in locum parentis; in the first bird) place prmum; in the same place pigeon coop columbrium | n ibidem; out of place alinus |a |um; take place (occur) fi fier factus pigsty sule |is n sum; take s.o.s place locum alicius pill pilula |ae f surpre; to that place e; this is not the place to nn est hic locus ut pillow cervcal |lis n (+ subj); to the same place edem pillow case cervclis tegimen |inis n place tr pnere, locre pilot s guberntor |tris m (trx |trcis plain campus | m; open plains camp f) patents pilot tr gubernre plaintiff pettor |ris m, pettrx |cis f pin acus |s f plan tr in anim habre, intend |dere pinch s a pinch of salt mnsra |ae f |d |tus salis durum (or trium) digitrum; in plan s cnsilium | n; form a plan a pinch (fig) in angustis; (in a cnsilium ine |re |i |tus; make doubtful situation) in r dubi plans for the trip cnsilium capere pinch tr vellicre intr if the shoe d itinere pinches s calceus rit plane roplanum | n; (carpenters pineapple mlum | n pneum tool) runcna |ae f

General Vocabulary plane tr (e.g., a board) runcnre plant s planta |ae f plant tr ser |ere sv stus; plant a field agrum cnserere plaster s tctrium | n plaster tr (a wall) tctrium (pariet) indcere plasterer tctor |ris m plate patina |ae f, catnus | m; (smaller size) patella |ae f, catillus | m platform suggestus |s m; (in a train station) crepd |inis f (ferriviria) play s (fun) ldus | m; (in a theater) fbula |ae f play tr (radio, television, records, tapes, etc.) surpre playing field campus | m lsrius

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playwright fbulrum scrptor |tris m (trx |trcis f) plead a case before the court causam pr tribnl agere pleasant amoenus |a |um, icundus |a |um pleasantness icundits |tis f please (in making an appeal) quaes, ss (= s vs); (informally) amb t; whenever I please quotiscumque (mihi) libet pleased to meet you! mihi pergrtum est t convenre! pleasing grtus |a |um

pleasure volupts |tis f; at their own pleasure su arbitri; derive great pleasure from magnam volupttem play tr & intr ldere; (an instrument) capere ex (+ abl); with pleasure can |ere cecin cantus (+ abl of the libenter instrument); (records, tapes) impell |ere impul impulsus; play a game pleated undultus |a |um lsum ldere; play a good game plebeian plbius |a |um bene ldere; play a trick on ldificor |r |tus sum (+ acc); play plebs plbs, plbis f ball pil ldere; play checkers pliers forceps |cipis m latrunculs ldere; play hide and seek per lsum latitre; play sports plight: oh, what a sorry plight! O rem disportibus ldere; play the drum miseram! tympanum pulsre; play the flute plow s artrum | n tbi canere; play the guitar cither plow tr arre Hispnic canere; play the organ organ canere; play the lead role plug (electrical) spina |ae f contcts prms parts agere; play the piano lectric clvicordi canere; play the role of a general impertrem agere; play the plug in adnect |ere adnexu adnexus trumpet tb canere; stop playing plum prnum | n games dsiste lds facere intr ldere; play up to s.o. aliquem col plumber faber |r m plumbrius |ere colu; play around with plummet perpendiculum | n (sexually) ldere cum (+ abl) pluperfect tense s tempus |oris n player lsor |ris m, lsrx |cis f plsquamperfectum playground rea |ae f lsria plural adj plrlis |is |e; in the plural playing card chartula |ae f lsria plrliter

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Conversational Latin are you driving at?) qu vdis?; you miss the point nihil ad rem pertinet point-blank: turn down point-blank omnn repudire point out indicre, mnstrare pointer (comput) (mris) index |icis m pointless supervacuus |a |um, innis |is |e poke (jab) pung |ere pupug, fodicre; poke fun at s.o. aliquem ldere pole vaulting saltus |s m perticrius (see Chapter V) police officer vigil |ilis mf policy rati |nis f polish s (for shoes) crma |atis n polish shoes calces poli |re |v |tus polite (to) cmis |is |e (+ dat or erg or in + acc) politeness cmits |tis f political cvlis |is |e; for political reasons re pblicae caus; political affairs (or matters) rs, rrum fpl cvls; political career cursus |s m honrum; political science scientia |ae f cvlis politician vir | m cvlis, fmina |ae f cvlis politics rs pblica (gen: re pblicae) f, res cvlis (also plural); enter politics rem pblicam ine inre inv or ini; take part in politics in r pblic versor |r |tus sum polka saltti |nis f Bohemica; dance the polka Bohemic saltre polling booth saeptum | n polls saepta |rum npl polo alslegia |ae f equestris polo shirt subcula |ae f cum curts manics

plural s multitd |inis f; signifying a plural multitdinem significns plus sign crucicula |ae f plus: consider it a plus id dput esse in lucr; 2 plus 2 are 4 duo et duo sunt (or fiunt) quattuor pocket loculus | m pocketbook (purse) crumna |ae f; (small book) liber |r m pugillris pocketknife cultellus | m plicbilis podium podium | n, pulpitum | n poem poma |atis n; write a poem poma facere, cond |dere |did |ditus poet pota |ae m poetess potria |ae f poetry posis |is f poinsettia euphorbia |ae f point (sharp end) acmen |inis n; (of a spear) cuspis |idis f; (gram, sports) pnctum | n; at this point hc; hc loc; be on the point of in e esse ut (+ subj); beside the point nihil ad rem; but to return to the point sed ad prpositum ; get the point? tensne (pl: tentisne) rem?; get to the point! ven ad rem!; good point virts |tis f; it got to the point where e dcursum est ut (+ subj); main point summa |ae f; now heres the point nunc cognsce rem; on that point hc d r; score a point pnctum fer ferre tul ltus; thats the main point id caput est; the point is that I no longer care about such things quod caput est, iam ista nn cr; up to this point hctenus; what was the point of your writing to me? quid rtulit t mittere ad m litters?; whats the point of that? quam ad rem istud rfert?; whats your point? (what

General Vocabulary pomegranate mlum | n grntum pompous glrisus |a |um pond stgnum | n pony mannus | m pool stgnum | n; (for swimming) piscna |ae f; (billiards) ldus | m tudiculris; shoot pool globuls eburnes clv tudiculr super mnsam impell |ere impul poor (pitiful) miser |era |erum; (impoverished) pauper |eris [singleending adj]; poor guy miser |er m pop tata |ae m popcorn mazium | n nfltum pop music msica |ae f populris poppy papver |eris n popular grtisus |a |um; be popular with s.o. grtisus (-a) esse apud aliquem popularity grtia |ae f; enjoy popularity among grtiam habe |re |u |itus apud (+ acc) population multitd |inis f; the total number of the population numerus | m omnis multitdinis porch pergula |ae f porcupine hystrix |icis f pork porcna |ae f pork chop offa |ae f porcna port (also comput) portus |s m porter biulus | m portico porticus |s f position locus | m; what position do you play? qu loc ldis? positive s (gram) gradus |s m positvus possessive adj (gram) possessvus |a |um

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possible possibilis |is |e; if (it is) possible s fier potest; is it really possible that ? numquid ?; is it really possible that you are telling the truth? numquid vra dcis? post tr (e.g., on the bulletin board) prpn |pnere |posu |positus postage vectra |ae f (litterrum); pay the postage pr vectr epistulae solv |ere | postage stamp pittcium | n cursule postal delivery perlti |nis f cursulis postcard chartula |ae f cursulis; (with a picture) phtochartula |ae f cursulis poster folium | n mrle postman tabellrius | m post office diribitrium | n cursule post office window ostiolum | n cursule pot (of clay) olla |ae f; (of metal) a(h)num | n; (marijuana) cannabis |is f; go to pot pessum e re i; pots and pans vsa |rum npl coqunria; smoke pot fmum cannabis sg |ere sx pot belly venter |ris m obsus; have a potbelly ventre obs (or priect) esse potato pmum | n terrestre; baked potato pmum terrestre in furn coctum; fried potatoes pma terrestria frcta; mashed potatoes pulticula |ae f ex pms terrestribus potato chips lminae |rum fpl pmrum terrestrium pottery fictilia |ium npl potty matella |ae f poultry avs |ium fpl cohortls pound lbra |ae f; per pound in lbrs

364

Conversational Latin (opus) prl subici |ere subic subictus

power drill terebra |ae f mchinlis power saw serra |ae f mchinlis practically fer

press tr prem |ere press pressus; (clothes) lvigre; (a typewriter key) practice s exercitti |nis f dprimere intr press on instre; practice tr (patience, medicine) exerce press on and finish the job! inst, |re |u intr s exercre perfice! praetor praetor |ris m press conference congressus |s m diurnris docends praetorship praetra |ae f precise exctus |a |um prefer ml malle mlu; praefer |ferre |tul |ltus prefix s praepositi |nis f per compositinem prepare (make ready) parre; (make ready beforehand) praeparre preposition s praepositi |nis f (per appositinem); prepositions take (lit: serve) either the accusative or the ablative case praepositins aut accstv aut abltv csu serviunt prescription praeceptum | n medicum present adj praesns |entis; at present, in praesenti; at the present time praesenti tempore, in praesent; be present (at) adsum adesse adfu adfutrus (+ dat); for the present time in praesns tempus; present tense praesns tempus |oris n preside (over) praeside |re praesd (+ dat); preside at a trial idici praeesse, is dcere president praeses |idis mf presiding judge quaestor |ris m, quaestrx |cis f press s (for printing) prlum | n; (journalists) diurnri |rum mpl; (printed matter) scrpta npl typs dita; come off the press prl exe |re |i; send (a work) to the press prestige auctrits |tis f presumptuous cnfdns |entis pretend: Ill pretend I dont know him dissimulb m eum nvisse; Ill pretend Im leaving assimulb quasi abeam. pretext praetextum | n; a pretext for war praetextum bell; he left under the pretext that hinc abiit quasi (+ subj) pretty bellus |a |um, bellulus |a |um pretty well (just about) propemodum pretzel pretiola |ae f, lixula |ae f; soft pretzel pretiola mollis previously ante, antehc, prius prey praeda |ae f price pretium | n; at a high (low, very low, exorbitant) price magn (parv, minim, nimi); higher price pretium amplius; set a price pretium facere; the price for it is 10 denarii per pound pretium e in librs est decem dnris pride glria |ae f; source of pride glria |ae f; take pride in glrior |r d or in (+ abl) priest sacerds |tis mf priesthood sacerdtium | n prime minister minister |tr m prmrius

General Vocabulary principal (fin) caput |itis n, sors, sortis f; deduct the interest from the principal d capite srs ddcere principal (ld or scholae) rctor |tris m, rctrx |trcis f; assistant (or vice) principal rctor vicrius, rctrx vicria; principals office rctris (or rctrcis) officna |ae f principal parts parts |ium fpl prncipls print s (printed dress) vestis |is f imginibus impressa print tr (with type) typs imprim imprimere impress impressus printer (person) typographus | m; (mechanical device) mchina |ae f typographica, impressrium | n printers typographum | n printing (abstract) typographia |ae f printing office officna |ae f typographica printing press prlum | n typographicum, typographum | n print shop officna |ae f typographica prison carcer |eris m; throw s.o. into prison aliquem in carcerem conici |ere conic coniectus prisoner of war captvus | m (a |ae f); ransom prisoners captvs redim |ere redm redmptus private adj prvtus |a |um; in private in prvt private s (mil) mles |itis mf; gregrius (a) praemium aufer, auferre abstul abltus

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problem quaesti |nis f; (math) problma |atis n; have stomach (heart, back) problems stomach (corde, terg) dole |re |u; the problem is quaeritur ; whats the problem? quid est negt? processor (comput) ditrium | n producer chorgus | m productivity (of fields, mines, etc.) fertilits |tis f profession (learned occupation) professi |nis f professor professor |ris m, profestrx |cis f profit lcrum | n; make profit lcrum facere program s (also comput) programma |atis n program tr (comput) programmre programmer (comput) programmtor |tris m, (trx |trcis f) progress prfectus |s m; make progress prfici |ere prfc prfectum projector priectrium | n; overhead projector priectrium suprcapitle promise s prmissum | n; break promises prmissa frang |ere frg frctus; I am not making any definite promise nihil cert polliceor; keep promises prmissa servre; make many promises multa prmittere

privately clam, scrt; I want to speak promise tr prmitt |ere prms with you privately velim tcum prmissus loqu secrt promote prmove |re prmv prize praemium | n; first prize prmtus; (the arts, etc.) fove |re prmrium | n; second prize fv ftus; (in school) ad superirem classem prmovre; promote to secundrium | n; win a prize

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Conversational Latin psychic pschicus |a |um psychoanalysis pschoanalysis |is f psychoanalyst pschoanalysta |ae m (ria |riae f) psychologist pschologus | m (a |ae f) psychopath s psychopathicus | m (a |ae f) public pblicus |a |um; in public in pblic; (opp. dom) fors; appear in public prde |re |i in pblicum publish d |ere did ditus, publicre publisher ditor |ris m; (publishing house) domus |s f ditria pudding erneum | n pull s have pull with grtiam habre apud (+ acc) pull tr trah |ere trax tractus; pull a fast one on s.o. s alicui sublin |linere |lv; pull oneself together s collig |ere collg; pull the wool over s.o.s eyes subdolus (-a) esse adversus aliquem pullman car currus |s m dormtrius pulse vnrum pulsus |s m; (fast vegetior; weak languidior); feel s.o.s pulse vns or pulsum vnrum alicius tentre pumpkin cucurbita |ae f, pep |nis m punch s pugnus | m; give s.o. a punch (or land a punch on s.o.) pugnum alicui dcere punch tr pugn or pugns caed |ere cecd punching bag corycus | m, follis |is m pugiltrius punctual dligns |entis, promptus |a |um punctually tempor, ad tempus punctuate interpung |pungere |pnx |pnctus

higher rank ad (or in) amplirem gradum prmovre promotion prmti |nis f prompt (comput) monitus |s m pronoun prnmen |inis n pronounce tr prnntire; pronounce a vowel short or long voclem corrept aut prduct prnntire proof documentum | n; (esp. of guilt) indcium | n proofread legere et mendre proper decns |entis, decrus |a |um proper noun s proprium nmen |inis n (ut Hector Hector) (opp: appelltvum nmen (ut hom man) property bona |rum npl propose (a law) (lgem) fer ferre tul ltus prose prsa |ae f prosecute idici persequor | persectus sum prosecutor accstor |tris m (trx |trcis f) prostitute meretrx |cis f, prstitta |ae f; be a prostitute prst |re prstit proud glrisus -a |um; (haughty) superbus |a |um; be proud of glrior |r (+ acc or d or in + abl) prove (by evidence, argument) probre; this proves that document est (+ acc & inf) province prvincia |ae f prune prnum | n condtum psychiatric pschtricus |a |um psychiatrist pschter |r m (ria |riae f) psychiatry pschtra |ae f

General Vocabulary punctuation s interpncti |nis f punctuation mark s interpnctum | n, pnctum | n punish pni |re |v or |i |tus; poen affici |ere affc affectus punishment for crimes poena |ae f facinorum puny pusillus |a |um pup catulus | m; pups whimper catul ganniunt pupil discipulus | m (a |ae f); (of the eye) ppilla |ae f puppet neuropastum | n puppy catulus | m; catellus | m, catella |ae f purchase s mptum | n purchase tr em |ere m mptus; mercor |r |tus sum; comparre purchasing mpti |nis f purr intr (of a cat) murmurre purr s (of a cat) murmur |uris n purse crumna |ae f, marspium | n put pn |ere posu positus; put an end to fnem impnere (+ dat); put away spnere; put down dpnere; put off: lets put this off to another time hanc rem in aliud tempus differmus; put on (clothes) indu |ere | |tus (opp: exuere); put s.o. in prison aliquem in custdiam trd |dere |did |ditus; put up for sale vnum dare; put up with with s.o. aliquem perpetior | perpessus sum; put words into s.o.s mouth verba in ore alicius pnere; put yourself in my place fac qu ego sum, esse t; youre putting it on a little thick es ptidiuculus (-a) puzzle aenigma |atis n pyjamas synthesis |is f dormtria

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Q
quaestor quaestor |ris m quaestorship quaestra |ae f quail coturnx |cis f (see bird) quarrel intr (with s.o. about) altercr or rxr (cum + abl, d + abl) quarrel rxa |ae f question rogtum | n, interrogtum | n; ask a question interrogre; ask a loaded question captis interrogre; ask many questions multa interrogre; answer the question ad rogtum (or interrogtum) responde |re |; call into question in dubium vocre; I ask you this question t hoc rog; many questions are raised multa quaeruntur; no question, hes at fault nempe in culp est; thats a loaded question captisum interrogtum est; why do you ask such questions? cr ista quaeris?; without question sine dubi question mark signum | n interrogt quick celer |eris |ere; (mentally) asttus |a |um quickly cito quiet quitus |a |um; (silent) tacitus |a |um; (taciturn) taciturnus |a |um; quiet! fac (pl: facite) silentium!, tac! (pl: tacte)!; why dont you keep quiet? qun t tacs? quite admodum; not quite parum quiz probtiuncula |ae f (see exam) quote pn |ere posu positus, affero afferre attul alltus

R
rabbi rabbnus | m rabbit cunculus | m

368

Conversational Latin

race (lineage) genus |eris n; (foot race) rain basin (in the atrium) impluvium certmen |inis n curss; (horse race) | n cursus |s m equrum, equria |rum rainbow pluvius arcus |s m npl; (of chariots) curriculum | n; (of cars) certmen |inis n autocntrum rain cloud nimbus | m raincoat scortea |ae f; (hooded) race car, racing car autocntum | n paenula |ae f currle rainy pluvius |a |um race track curriculum | n, stadium | n; (for horses) hippodromus | m raise (children, crops, animals) ducre; (lift up) toll |ere sustul subltus; racket (noise) strepitus |s m; (prices) auge |re aux auctus (shouting) clmor |ris m; (tennis) rticulum | n; raise a racket raisin (va) passa |ae f clmrem toll |ere sustul subltus rake s rastellus | m radiator calris raditrum | n rake tr rastell rd |dere |s |sum radio radiophnum | n; turn on (turn RAM (comput) memoria |ae f voltilis off) the radio radiophnum excitre or accend |ere | (expedi |re |v ram aris |etis m; rams bleat ariets blant |tus); turn down (turn up) the radio vim radiophn remitt |ere rank gradus |s m rems (amplificre) rape stuprum | n per vim radio broadcast missi |nis f rape tr per vim stuprre, stupr violre radiophnica radio station stati |nis f radiophnica rapids vadum | n candicns radish rdcula |ae f, raphanus | m raft ratis |is f rage furor |ris m; fly into a rage r efferor efferr ltus sum raid excursi |nis f railroad ferrivia |ae f rapist stuprtor |ris m rare smicoctus |a |um (opp: percoctus) rarely rr raspberry mrum | n daeum

rat ms |ris m, rattus | m; (pej) hom |inis m nequam [indecl]; I smell a railroad car currus |s m ferrivirius rat aliquid mihi subolet; like drowned rats tamquam mrs d; railroad station stati |nis f ferriviria rats squeak ratt mintriunt rain impers v pluit pluere pluit; rain rat on s.o. aliquem dfer dferre dtul buckets urcetim pluere; rain cats and dogs catts canibusque pluere; rate: at any rate utique rain hard vehementer (or multum) rather potius; (somewhat) aliquant, pluere paul; do you know this fellow? rain s pluvia |ae f; (heavy and stormy) huncne nvist? rather! facile! imber |bris m; heavy, steady rain ratify a bill lgem iube |re iuss magn et adsidu imbrs; the rain is iussus letting up or is tapering off imber rattle off cito volv |ere | dtmscit

General Vocabulary raven corvus | m; ravens croak corv crcitant (see bird) raze to the ground sol aequre razor novcula |ae f; electric razor rsrium | n lectricum

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receiver (of a telphone) auscultbulum | n recent recns |entis recently nper, recenter

reception saltti |nis f pblica; hold a reception salttinem pblicam reach s out of reach extr ictum; within f acere my reach sub me ict reach tr (arrive at) perveni |re ad or in (+ acc); reach out the hand manum porrig |re porrx read leg legere lg lctus readily (willingly) libenter reading lcti |nis f reading lamp lampas |adis f lctria reading room oecus | m lctrius ready partus |a |um, promptus |a |um real estate rs fpl sol; piece of real estate praedium | n real estate broker praeditor |tris m, (trx |trcis f) really quidem, vr reap met |ere messu messus reaper messor |ris m rear (end) (coll) postcum | n reason (faculty, reasonable ground) rati |nis f; (cause) causa |ae f; for that reason hc d caus; for various reasons mults d causs; whats the reason why quid est enim, cr reboot (comput) redinitire rebut dissolv |ere | dissoltus rebuttal dissolti |nis f recall revocre; (to memory) memori repet |ere |v |tus; as I recall ut mea memoria est receipt apocha |ae f recess pausa |ae f; during (after, before) recess inter (post, ante) pausam recitation recitti |nis f recite recitre record orbis |is m phnographicus; phnodiscus | m; play (listen to) records orbs phnographics exhbe |re |u (audi |re |v) record player mchinula |ae f phnographica; discophnum | n recording secretary (in the Roman senate) librrius | m recover tr recuperre intr (recuperate) revalsc |ere, suam valtdinem recipere; recover from a serious illness grav morb recrer recruit s tr |nis m; raw recruit tr rudis recruit tr recruit troops dlctum agere recruitment dlctus |s m rectum nus | m red ruber |bra |brum; be red rube |re red cent: I dont owe anyone a red cent assem aerrium nmin dbe; I havent a red cent assem aerrium habe nllum redhead rfus | m, rtilus | m; rfa |ae f, rtila |ae f referee arbiter |tr m (tra |trae f) refined hmnus |a |um

370 reform mendre

Conversational Latin remote control modertrum | n remtum renown fma |ae f rent s mercs |dis f; pay the rent for this room mercdem huic cellae dare rent tr condcere; rent out locre repair shop officna |ae f repartria repeat repet |ere |v |tus, iterre; repeat after me esdem verbs mihi redde (pl: reddite) repeatedly identidem repetition repetti |nis f reporter diurnrius | m (a |ae f) representative vcrius | m (a |ae f) repress (emotions) cohibe |re |u |itus repression continentia |ae f republican rpblicus |a |um republicans optimts |ium mpl reputation fma |ae f; bad reputation nfmia |ae f; good reputation honests |tis f rescue ripi |ere |u reptus research s investgti |nis f, indgti |nis f research tr investgre, indgre resentful rcundus |a |um resentment rcundia |ae f reservation reservti |nis f reserve reservre resolute cnfirmtus |a |um

refrigerator frgidrium | n regards: give him (her) my best regards dcit e plrimam mes verbs saltem regiment legi |nis f regimental commander leginis legtus | m region regi |nis f register (at a hotel) nmen in tabuls refer referre rettul regret s paenitentia |ae f regret tr I regret m paenitet (+ gen) regularly assidu reindeer tarandrus | m reject a bill lgem (or rogtinem) antqure relative adj reltvus |a |um relative s cogntus | m (a |ae f) relax s remitt |ere rems relentless drus |a |um relief: be a relief levment esse relieve levre; relieve oneself (have a bowel movement) ventrem exonerre rely on cnfd |ere cnfsus sum (+ dat); relying on frtus |a |um (+ dat or abl) remain mane |re mns mnsrus; it remains to restat ut (+ subj) remedy remedium | n; apply a remedy remedium adhibre

respect s observantia |ae f; show remember commemorre; memin |isse repect to observre (+ gen or acc); memori tene |re respect tr observre |u; if I remember right s bene respectability honests |tis f memin respectable honestus |a |um reminder: as a reminder memoriae caus respected honrtus |a |um

General Vocabulary respectful observns |antis respectfully honrific, reverenter responsibility for cra |ae f (+ gen); it is my responsibility to est mihi crae (+ inf) rest: the rest of the cter |ae |a restaurant caupna |ae f restless inquitus |a |um restroom locus | m scrtus; (public) forica |ae f, aumatium | n retailer propla |ae m retake (e.g., a town) recipi |ere recp receptus retire (from a job) in tium venre retirement tium | n; go into retirement in tium venre return tr (give back) redd |ere |id |itus intr (go back) rede |re |i or |v |itum review s (e.g., of a lesson) retractti |nis f review tr (e.g., a lesson) retractre; review the army exercitum recnse |re |u, lstrre rhinoceros rhnocers |tis m rib costa |ae f rib tr (taunt) taxre ribbon taenia |ae f rice orza |ae f rich dves |itis rich buck (slang) sacc |nis m riches dvitiae |rum fpl rid: get rid of (worries) dlu |ere |; (persons) mlior |r mltus sum ride s vecti |nis f; go for a ride gesttinem autocnt facere ride tr (a bike, a horse, etc.) (birot, equ) vehor | vectus sum rider vector |ris m, vectrx |cis f ridge iugum | n ridiculous rdiculus |a |um

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rifle scloptum | n; automatic rifle scloptum automtum; fire a rifle scloptre rifleman sclopttor |ris m right adj (opp. of left) dexter |(e)ra |(e)rum; (correct, proper) rctus |a |um; do the right thing frgem facere; on the right ab dextr, dexter; (to the) right dextrrsum; thats right sc est; youre right prob dcis [literally, you say correctly], bene dxist or vra dcis. right adv (correctly) rct; right away statim, continu; right from the start in prncipi lic; right now nunciam; turn right dextrrsum s vertere right s is, iris n; civil rights is cvle; you have every right to omne fs tibi est (+ inf); waive ones rights dcd |ere dcess ire su rim (of a wheel) vitus |s f rind (thick skin of fruit) corium | n ring nulus | m; (for boxing) suggestus |s m pugiltrius; take off a ring nulum dtrah |ere dtrax; wear a ring nulum gestre rise (of a person, mountain) surg |ere surrx; (of several persons, mountains) cnsurgere; (out of respect) adsurgere; (of heavenly bodies) orior |r ortus sum; (of a river, have its source) (ex)orior (ex)orr; the Tiber rising in the Apennines Tiberis monte Apennn (ex)orins risk: at your own risk tu percul; run the risk perculum facere; take a risk perculum ade |re |v

372 risky anceps, ancipitis

Conversational Latin Rome Rma |ae f (often referred to simply as urbs) roof tctum | n roof tile tgula |ae f room conclve |is n, cubiculum | n; (small room) cella |ae f; room with bath cubiculum | n balne or lavcr (pluvi) nstructum room key clvis |is f cubiculris roommate socius | m (a |ae f) cubiculris rooster gallus | m; roosters crow gall ccriunt, canunt (see bird) rose rosa |ae f rouge purpurissum | n, fcus | m rough asper |era |erum; (weather) turbidus |a |um; rough guess nformta cogitti |nis f round (in boxing) congressus |s m round up cg |ere cog coctus route certus cursus |s m row rd |inis m; three in a row trs ex rdine row tr rmigre (see Chapter V)

river flmen |inis n, amnis |is m (with no distinction as to size) river bed alveus | m roar (of a lion) rgi |re |i roast s assum | n roast tr assre roast beef bbula |ae f assa roast pork porcna |ae f assa roast veal vitulna |ae f assa rob rapi |ere |u |tus; rob s.o. of aliquem spolire (+ abl) robber latr |nis m; (home invader) perfossor |ris m robbery latrcinium | n robe vestis |is f robin rubecula |ae f; robins chirp rubeculae ppant (see bird) rocket rochta |ae f rocking chair sella |ae f scillris role model exemplar |ris n roll pniculus | m, pnicellus | m; call roll nmina recitre

rowboat scapha |ae f rmigera roll call nminum recitti |nis f; take row home aeds |ium fpl serils roll call nmina recitre rowing rmigti |nis f rollerblade, rollerskate intr pedirots lbor lb lpsus sum (see Chapter V) rubbish! quisquiliae! ruckus: why are you raising such a rollerblades pedirotae |rum fpl ruckus? quid istum clmrem tollis rollerskate intr rotuls patinre (pl: tollitis)? rollerskate s calceus | m subrottus, rude (character) asper |era |erum patinus | m rotlis rug tapte |is n rollerskating patinti |nis f rotlis rugby harpastum | n; play rugby (see Chapter V) harpast ldere rolling pin fistula |ae f rugged asper |era |erum ROM (comput) memoria |ae f fxa rule s rgula |ae f; break the rule Roman Rmnus |a |um rgulam frang |ere frg frctus;

General Vocabulary follow (observe) the rule rgulam servre; lay down rules rguls nstitu |ere | rule tr reg |ere rx rctus ruler (instrument) rgula |ae f (sovereign) rctor |ris m rum vnum | n Indicum rumor rmor |ris m; theres a rumor going around rmor pervagtur rumpus: raise a rumpus turbs dare run tr (a business, shop) (negtium, tabernam) exerce |re |u |itus; (comput) run a program programma administrre; run up bills aes alinum cnflre intr curr |ere cucurr cursum; run around cursre; run into s.o. on the street aliquem offend |ere | in plat; run for (an office) pet |ere petv pettus; run low dfici |ere dfc; run out (of time) exre; run up and down modo hc modo illc cursre; (comput) the program is running programma opertur running cursra |ae f runny nose distilltins |um fpl runway arodromus | m safe-deposit box dpositrium | n syngraphrum safety pin fbula |ae f sail intr nvigre, nve vehor veh vectus sum sail s vlum | n sail boat scapha |ae f vlifera

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sailing vlificti |nis f (see Chapter V) sailor nauta |ae m, nautria |ae f sake: for heavens sake obsecr (lit: I pray); for the sake of caus (+ gen) (following the dependent genitive); for your sake tu (pl: vestr) caus salad actria |rum npl salad dressing see dressing salary mercs |dis f; pay s.o. a fair salary aequam mercdem alicui solv |ere | soltus sale vnditi |nis f; for sale, on sale vnlicius |a |um, vnlis |is |e; put up for sale vnum dare; this house is for sale hae aeds sunt vnls saleslady (in a shop) tabernria |ae f; (in a clothing store) vestiria |ae f salesman (in a shop) tabernrius | m; traveling salesman nstitor |ris m saliva salva |ae f salmon salm |nis m saloon taberna |ae f ptria salt sl, salis n salt shaker salnum | n

S
Sabbath sabbata |rum npl saber nsis |is m falctus sad tristis |is |e; (showing grief one ones face) maestus |a |um saddle ephippium |(i) n sadness tristitia |ae f, maestitia |ae f

same dem eadem idem (gen: eiusdem for all genders); its all the same to me me nihil interest; the same safe (from) ttus |a |um (ab + abl); safe thing idem and sound salvus |a |um et snus |a |um; safe from danger ttus sandal (w. covered toes) sandalium | percul n; (simplest form of sandal, with the

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Conversational Latin scale tr (a fish) dsqumre scaly squmsus |a |um scam fraus, fraudis f scammer fraudtor |tris m (trx |trcis f) scan (poetry, also comput) tr scand |ere | scnsus; (read over quickly) cito perlegere scandalous flgitisus |a |um scanner (comput) scnsrium | n scare terre |re |u |itus scared territus |a |um; I am scared to death exanimtus (-a) met sum scarf amictrium | n (collre) scenery aspectus |s m reginis; (theat) appartus |s m scaenicus schedule hrrium | n; bus schedule hrrium autoraedrum longrum; flight schedule hrrium roplanrum; train schedule hrrium trminum scholar rudtus | m (a |ae f) scholarly rudtus |a |um school adj (of or at a school) scholris |is |e school ldus | m; (advanced) schola |ae f; attend school scholam frequentre; go to school scholam obe obre obi or obv; skip school nscis parentibus schol abesse school book liber |r m scholris schoolboy discipulus | m school building aedificium | n scholre schoolgirl discipula |ae f schoolmate condiscipulus | m (a |ae f) school supplies nstrmentum | n scholre scissors forfex |icis f

sole fastened to feet with thongs) solea |ae f; (with thick leather sole, tied with straps, characteristically worn by Greeks) crepida |ae f sand trap (golf) harnria |ae f sandwich pastillum | n fartum; ham sandwich pastillum pern fartum sarcasm diccits |tis f sarcastic dicculus |a |um, dicx |cis sardine sarda |ae f sash zna |ae f satisfaction: to your satisfaction ex tu sententi satisfied contentus |a |um satisfy satis facere (+ dat); (hunger, thirst) exple |re |v |tus; you cant satisfy everyone nn potes omnibus satis facere Saturday dis | m Sturn sauce is, iris n; (a dressing, esp. one made with vinegar) embamma |atis n saucer patera |ae f sauna sdtrium | n sausage farcmen |inis n save (also comput) servre savings account computus | m conditrius savings bank argentria |ae f peclis asservands saw s serra |ae f saw tr serr sec |re |u |tus intr serram dcere saxophone saxophnum | n say dc |ere dx dictus; say hello to Rose iub (pl iubte) Rosam salvre; so they say ita aiunt scale s (of a fish) squma |ae f; (for weighing) trutina |ae f

General Vocabulary scold obiurgre scolding obiurgti |nis f; get a scolding obiurgr scooter birota |ae f pede pulsa scorching sun flagrantissimus sl m score s status |s m, summa |ae f pnctrum; (in golf) summa ictuum; final score status fnlis; he doesnt know what the score is (fig) nescit quid agtur; keep score ratinem notre; the score is tied summae pnctrum sunt pars score a goal (soccer) follem pede pulsre; (lacrosse) pilam per portam iaci |ere ic iactus; score a point pnctum fer ferre tul ltus; score a touchdown calcem (or crtam) atting |ere attig attctus scorn contempti |nis f scorpion scorpi |nis m; scorpions sting scropins cunt scot-free: get off scot-free impuntus (|a) dmittor | dmissus (-a) sum scram! apage! scrape: scrape together the money argentum conrd |rdere |rs |rsus screen (on television or computer) quadrum | n vsificum; (movie screen) linteum | n cnmatographicum screenplay scrptum | n scaenrium screw cochlea |ae f screw (cheat) dfraudre; (sexually) dbattuere screwdriver cochleatorstrum | n scribble cnscrbillre scroll down (comput) dvolv |ere | scrub terge |re ters tersus sculptor sculptor |ris m sculptress sculptrx |cis f sculpture sculptra |ae f sea mare |is n seacoast ra |ae f maritima sea gull gavia |ae f seahorse hippocampus | m seal (an envelope) congltinre

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seal signum | n; (of the sea) phca |ae f seam stra |ae f seamstress (making clothes) vestifica |ae f; (altering clothes) sarcintrx |cis f searchlight lminre |is n seashore acta |ae f season s tempus |oris n ann; in season tempestvus |a |um season tr condi |re |v or |i |tus seasoning condmentum | n seat sds |is f; (on a fixed bench or chair) sedle |is n; (in school) subsellium | n (scholre); back seat sds posterior; front seat sds anterior; reserved seat sds reservta seatbelt cinctra |ae f scrittis; fasten (or put on) ones seatbelt cinctram accing |gere |x |ctus; unfasten ones seatbelt cinctram scrittis laxre second adj secundus |a |um second s (of time) secunda |ae f secretary scrtrius | m (a |ae f); corresponding secretary ab epistuls secretary of agriculture administer |r m agricultrae prvehendae secretary of education administer |r m rudtinis

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Conversational Latin sense of duty, of responsibility piets |tis f sensible prdns |entis; be sensible sapi |ere

secretary of state administer |r m rrum externrum secretary of the interior administer |r m rrum internrum

secretary of the treasury administer |r sentence s (gram) sententia |ae f, rti |nis f; (leg) idicium | n; m fisclis pass sentence on idicium facere d section (of a city) regi |nis (+ abl) seductive illecebrsus |a |um separate sparre see vide vidre vd vsus; (look at) aspici |ere aspex aspectus; I see (I understand) iam tene; see again revidre; see to it that cr (pl: crte) ut (+ subj); you see [parenthetical] enim seem videor |r vsus sum self: he was not his usual self nn fuit cius mod solet self-confidence fdcia |ae f self-confident cnfdns |entis; be selfconfident sibi cnfd |ere cnfsus sum self-control abstinentia |ae f self-controlled compos |otis su self-respect dignits |tis f sell vnd |ere vndid vnditus; (of a merchant) vnditre seller vnditor |ris m, vnditrx |cis f semester semestre |is n seminar sminrium | n acadmicum senate sentus |s m senate building cria |ae f senate session sentus |s m; call (hold) a senate session sentum vocre (habre) senator sentor |ris mf senatorial sentrius |a |um senior senior |ris mf September mnsis |is m September; in September mns Septembr sergeant opti |nis mf serious gravis |is |e; are you serious? srine dcis t? seriousness gravits |tis f sermon homlia |ae f; give a sermon homliam habre serpent serpns |entis m; serpents bite (crawl, hiss) serpents cunt (serpent, sbilant) serve s (tennis) diectus |s m serve tr (a person) servi |re |i (+ dat); (food) appn |ere apposu appositus; (mil) stpendia facere, (stpendium) mere |re |u; serve a summons on diem dare (+ dat); serve ones country d r pblic merre intr (tennis) dici |ere dic; serve as a soldier or sailor (ut) mles aut nauta merre service: be at s.o.s service alicui praest esse; be of service to s.o. alicui prsum prdesse prfu serviceman mlitris |is m service station stati |nis f benznria set s (e.g., of tools) nstrmentum | n set tr (to put) pn |ere posu positus; set a price pretium facere or statu |ere | stattus; set aside pnere; set on fire incend |ere | incnsus; set the table mnsam pnere intr (of

General Vocabulary the sun) occidit |ere |it; set out proficscr | profectus sum seventh heaven: be in seventh heaven in cael esse sew su |ere | stus sewing machine mchina |ae f stria sheep ovis |is f sheer (fabrics) rallus |a |um

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sheet (of paper) scheda |ae f, folium | n chartaceum; (for the bed) strgulum | n linteum shell (of clam, oyster) testa |ae f; (of turtle) testd |inis f; (of peanut, egg) putmen |inis n

sex (gender) sexus |s m; (act) stuprum | n; have sex with stuprum shepherd pstor |ris m facere cum (+ abl) sheriff geraefa |ae m (ria |riae f) sh-h-h-h! st, st! shabby sordidus |a |um shake: quati |ere (no perf) quassus; (get rid of) mlior |r |tus sum; shake the head ntre; (to dissent) abntre; shake hands dextrae iungere dextram or dextram iungere (cum aliqu); (when campaigning) mans prnsre; shake up commove |re commv commtus, perturbre shallow tenuis |is |e shame ignminia |ae f; shame on you! pr pudor!; thats a darn shame edepol facinus improbum; what a shame! facinus indignum!; O rem indignam! shameful ignminisus |a |um shameless improbus |a |um shampoo lmentum | n capillre shape frma |ae f; be in bad (good) shape mal (bon) habits esse, in mal (bon) habit esse share (stock) ctia |ae f shark pistris |is m; a sharks dorsal fin pistris pinna |ae f dorslis shave s rsra |ae f shave tr rd |ere rs rsus; shave every day faciem ctdi rsitre shed tears lacrims effundd |ere effd

shifting (wind, weather) varius |a |um shifty mbilis |is |e; shifty like the wind ventsus |a |um shinbone tbia |ae f shine lce |re lx; shine on illcre (+ dat) ship s nvis |is f ship tr dveh |ere dvx dvectus shipyard nvlia |ium npl shirt indsium | n, camsia |ae f shiver intr trem |ere |u shiver s tremor |ris m; (severe) membrrum quassti |nis f shock letricus ctus |s m shock (emotionally) atton |re |u |itus shoe (worn with toga) calceus | m; (oxfords) calceus subtlris; (fancy low shoe, of different colors, gold, yellow, decorated with pearls, etc.) soccus | m, socculus | m; (red shoes of senator) calceus mulleus shoelace corrigia |ae f shoemaker stor |ris m shoemakers shop strna |ae f shoe polish crma |atis n strium shoe store taberna |ae f strna shook: all shook up vehementer perturbtus |a |um

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Conversational Latin shower balneolum | n pluvium; (rain) imber |bris m; take a shower balneol pluvi tor t sus sum shrewd asttus |a |um, callidus |a |um shrimp squilla |ae f; (a little guy) pmili |nis mf shrine sacrrium | n shrub frtex |icis m shuffle (cards) misce |re |u mxtus shun publicity forum ac lcem fugi |ere fg

shoot (a person) sclopt trnsfg |ere trnsfx trnsfxus; I shot myself in the foot mihi asciam in crs impg shop s taberna |ae f; (workshop) officna |ae f shop intr (at a grocery store) obsnre; go shopping mptum e re v; I shopped for clothes per taberns lustrv ut vests emerem shopkeeper tabernrius | m (a |ae f) shopper mptor |ris m, mptrx |cis f; (for groceries) obsntor |ris m, obsntrx |cis f

shut claud |ere claus clausus; shut down (comput) claudere; shut up! shopping mpti |nis f; (for groceries) obser s tuum!; why dont you just obsntus |s m shut up? qun t tacs modo? shop window fenestra |ae f merctria shutter foricula |ae f shore ra |ae f maritima shy timidus |a |um short adj brevis |is |e; (vowel) sick (of body or mind) aeger |gra correptus |a |um |grum; (of body) aegrtus |a |um; short s in short in summ, ad summam get sick in morbum incid |ere |; I am sick and tired of hearing the shortcut compendria |ae f; take a same thing over and over (m) shortcut compendri e re i vald pertaedet iam audre eadem shorts subligculum | n; (street wear) identidem; I am sick and tired of dcurttae brcae |rum fpl the business m negt vald shortstop intermedius basirius | m, pertaedet intermedia basiria |ae f sickly male validus |a |um shorty breviculus | m (a |ae f), sickness morbus | m pmili |nis mf side intr side with stre ab (+ abl), shotgun focle |is n (bifistultum) parts (+ gen) sequor | sectus sum shoulder (h)umerus | m; shrug the side s (of a body, hill, camp, ship, etc.) shoulders umers allevre latus |eris n; (quarter, direction) shoulder bag pra |ae f pars |tis f; (faction) parts |ium fpl; (party) pars |tis f (mostly plural); be shoulder blade scapula |ae f on the side of stre ab (+ abl), shovel pla |ae f senti |re sns cum (+ abl); from show mnstrre, ostend |dere |d |sus (or on) all sides undique; on both or |tus; show off s iactre; show up sides utrimque; on his mothers side appre |re |u; this shows that mtern genere; on the other side of indici est (+ acc & inf) ultr (+ acc); on the right side of

General Vocabulary latere dextr (+ gen); on this side of cis or citr (+ acc) sideline (sports) lnea |ae f laterlis side street dverticulum | n, via |ae f laterlis, via secundria sidewalk crepd |inis f viria sieve crbrum | n sigh s gemitus |s m sigh intr gem |ere |u |itum; sigh over gemere sight (sense) vsus |s m; at first sight (on the first appearance of a person or thing) prm speci; (view subjectively) prm aspect; catch sight of cnspici |ere cnspex; lose sight of cnspect mitt |ere ms sign (a document) subscrb |ere subscrps subscrptus silence silentium | n; call for silence silentium facere silent tacitus |a |um; become (or fall) silent conticsc |ere; be silent tace |re |u; keep s.th. silent aliquid tacre silk adj sricus |a |um; silk clothes srica |rum npl silk s sricum | n silliness ineptia |ae f silly dsipins |entis; be silly dsipi |ere, inepti |re; dont be silly nl ineptre silverware argentea |rum npl simple simplex |icis [single-ending adj] simply (in a simple manner; merely) simpliciter; (only) tantummodo; I simply dont know what he is thinking of iam pln quid cgitet nesci; simply not nn omnn

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since conj (because) quia, quoniam, cum; since (temporal) ut (+ indic), postquam (+ indic), ex qu tempore (+ indic) since prep ex (+ abl), ab (+ abl); ever since sque ab (+ abl), ex qu tempore sincere sincrus |a |um sing can canere cecin cantus, cantre singer canttor |ris m, canttrx |cis f single slus |a |um; (unmarried male) caelebs |is; (unmarried female) innpta single room cubiculum | n nus lect singular adj singulris |is |e (opp: plrlis |is |e); in the singular singulriter sink (in a bathroom) labellum | n; (in a kitchen) fusrium | n sip sorbillre sir! bone vir!; (to a superior) domine! sister soror |ris f; little sister sororcula |ae f sister-in-law glos, glris f; (sister of husband) soror |ris f mart; (wife of brother) uxor |ris f frtris sit sede |re sd sessrus; sit down cnsd |ere cnsd; sit up! rct sed (pl: sedte)! site situs |s m, locus | m (pl: loca |rum npl) sitting room exedra |ae f, sessrium | n situated situs |a |um; situated on, near appositus |a |um (+ dat) situation: thats the situation here in Rome hc Rmae rs s sc habent; you see what the situation is vids qu in loc haec rs sit

380

Conversational Latin

situps: do situps identidem reside |re skirt gunna |ae f, castula |ae f resd skull calvria |ae f; Ill break your skull dminuam ego tibi caput size magnitd |inis f, amplitd |inis f skunk viverra |ae f ptida; (slang) skate intr (rotuls) patinre skate s calceus | m subrottus (see Chapter V) skateboard tabula |ae f subrotta skater patintor |ris m, patintrx |cis f skating s patinti |nis f ski intr nartre ski s narta |ae f; put on skis narts pedibus aptre, narts adstring |gere |x; take off the skis narts dstringere; wax the skis narts incerre (see Chapter V) ski boot caliga |ae f narttria ski instructor nartand magister |tr m (tra |trae f) ski jump suggestus |s m dsultrius ski jumping dsultra |ae f narttria ski lift anabathrum | n narttrium ski lodge casa |ae f narttrum ski pole bculum | n narttrium ski run curriculum | n narttrium ski slope clvus | m narttrius, narttria dcursi |nis f skier narttor |ris m, narttrx |cis f skiing s nartti |nis f skill artificium | n skilled callidus |a |um skillful artificisus |a |um; skillful in sctus |a |um (+ gen) skillfulness callidits |tis f skin cutis |is f (pale pallida; dry rida; soft mollis; tough dra; wrinkled rgsa) hom |inis mf ptidus (-a) sky caelum | n skycap (at airport) biulus | m skylight compluvium | n skyscraper multiznium | n slalom dcursi |nis f flexusa slam dunk tuxtax immissi |nis f slap s alapa |ae f slap tr alapam dare (+ dat) sled trahea |ae f, scldia |ae f (lsria) sledgehammer marcus | m sleep intr dormi |re |v or |i |tum; go to sleep dormtum e re i or v; (doze off) obdormsc |ere, obdormv; put to sleep in sumnum collocre sleep s somnus | m; deep sleep sopor |ris m sleeping bag saccus | m dormtrius sleeping car currus |s m dormtrius sleepwalk dormins ambulre sleepy somniculsus |a |um sleet imber |bris m grandine mxtus sleeve (reaching to the hand) manica |ae f; with long sleeves manictus |a |um sleeveless sine manics sleigh trahea |ae f; go sleigh riding trahe vehor | vectus sum slice segmentum | n slide intr lbor | lpsus sum slide s img |inis f trnslcida; show slides imgins trnslcids exhibe |re |u |itus

General Vocabulary slide projector priectrium | n imginum trnslcidrum slim gracilis |is |e (opp: obsus) slip s (clothing) indcula |ae f nferior, hypoznium | n; (of paper) schedula |ae f; (error) pecctum | n; a slip of the tongue lapsus |s m linguae talk smart to me nl male mihi dcere; she is smart ingenisa est

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smell (sense) odrtus |s m; (odor) odor |ris m smell tr olfaci |ere olfc intr (good, bad) (bene, male) ole |re |u; (stink) obolre

smile subrde |re subrs slip tr (give furtively) frtim dare; it smoke fumre; (a cigarette, cigar, slipped my mind memori excidit; marijuanna) fmum (sigarell, sigar, it slipped my mind to fgit m cannabis) sg |ere sx (+ inf) intr lbor | lpsus sum; (leave furtively) slip out s subdcere smoker fmtor |tris m (trx |cis f) smooth-talking blandiloquus |a |um slipper soccus m; (of felt) d |nis m slippery lbricus |a |um slope intr verg |ere; sloping toward the sea vergns ad mare slope s clvus | m; steep (gentle) slope arduus (lnis) clvus sloppy (weather) spurcus |a |um; (person) negligns |entis; (road) lutulentus |a |um slow adj (physically, mentally) lentus |a |um; slow to learn segnis |is |e slow down cursum reprim reprimere repress sluggish hebes |etis; be sluggish hebe |re sly asttus |a |um; on the sly clam small parvus |a |um; parvulus |a |um smaller minor |or |us small-mindedness humilits |tis f smallpox variolae |rum fpl; have smallpox variols labrre; smallpox vaccination variolrum vaccinti |nis f smart (clever) callidus |a |um; (talented) ingenisus |a |um; (impertinent) nsolns |entis; dont smug cnfdns |entis smugness cnfdentia |ae f snack merenda |ae f; have a snack merendam capere snack bar vortrna |ae f snail cochlea |ae f snake anguis |is mf snarl (of an animal) ganni |re sneakers calce |rum mpl gymnic sneak off clanculum abe |re abi sneeze intr sternu |ere | sneeze s sternmentum | n sniff s get a sniff of olfacere sniff tr sniff out (e.g., trouble) odror |r |tus sum snobbish fastdisus |a |um snore sterto |ere snow impers v ningit ningere nnxit snow s nix, nivis f snowball pila |ae f nivea snowdrift agger |eris m niveus snowed: I am snowed under with obruor | obrutus, tamquam fluct, sc ego (+ abl)

382 snowfall nivis csus |s m snowstorm ningor |ris m

Conversational Latin software (comput) parts |ium fpl programmatinis soldier mles |itis mf (see chapter on War and Peace) sole (of shoe or foot) solum | n, planta |ae f solution solti |nis f some adj aliqu aliqua aliquod (pl: aliqu aliquae aliqua); some (a number of) aliquot (indecl); some (amount of) aliquid (+ gen); some meat aliquid carnis; some or other nesci qu, nesci quae, nesci quod; some senator or other nesci qu sentor someday (in indef fut) aliquand someone aliquis, alicius sometime (or other) aliquand; sometime ago ddum, prdem sometimes nnnumquam; interdum; sometimes sometimes modo modo, interdum interdum somewhat adv aliquant; feel somewhat better (of a patient) meliusculus |a |um esse son flius | m song cantus |s m, canticum | n son-in-law gener |er m soon mox; (in a minute) iam; (at any moment) iam iam; as soon as cum prmum; as soon as possible quam prmum; how soon? quam mox?; soon thereafter mox deinde; too soon nimium cito; very soon perbrev tempore sooner: no sooner said than done dict citius or dictum factum; sooner or later srius ocius sophomore sophomrus | m (a |ae f) soprano suprnista |ae f sore throat exaspertae faucs |ium fpl

snowy nivsus |a |um, nivlis |is |e so (with adj or adv) tam, ita; (with verb) ade, sc; and so itaque; how so? quid ita?; is it really so? itane vr?; is that so? itane?; so far so good bell adhc; so many tot; so much tantus |a |um; so much for that etenus; so so (tolerably well) ita tenuiter; so to speak ut ita dcam; thats not so! haud ita est! soak madefaci |facere |fc |factus soaking rain largus imber |bris m soap sap |nis m; bar of soap sapnis quadrula |ae f; liquid soap sap liquidus sober (not drunk) sbrius |a |um (opp: brius) soccer pedifollium | n, pedildium | n; play soccer pedifolle ldere (see Chapter V) soccer ball pedifollis |is m soccer field campus | m pedifoli, campus lsrius soccer player lsor |ris m pedifolli soccer shoes calcementa |rum npl pedifoli soccer stadium stadium | n pedifolli sociable socibilis |is |e social security asscrti |nis f socilis socket contctum | n (lectricum) socks implia |rum npl soda aqua |ae f Selterna sofa torus | m tment fartus soft mollis |is |e softly (in a low voice) summiss voce

General Vocabulary sorority sodlits |tis f alumnrum sorry: I feel sorry for the others m miseret alirum; Im (youre) sorry m (t) paenitet sound adj integer |gra |grum sound s sonus | m soundly (to sleep) art; (to defeat) gregi soup isculum | n, sorbiti |nis f soup bowl magida |ae f soup spoon cochlear |ris m capcius source fns |tis m, caput |itis n south adj nferior |ior |ius, merdinus |a |um; on the south side latere merdin; south of infr (+ acc) south adv ad merdiem

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listening loquere! audi; speak of the devil lupus in fbul; well, speak up! qun t loquere! speaker megaphn(i)um | n special delivery letter epistula |ae f accelerta speech rti |nis f; make a speech rtinem habre speed limit vlcittis modus | m spell tr scrb |ere scrps scrptus; spell correctly rct scrbere; spell with scrbere per (+ acc); some spell cum with a q if it signifies time qudam scrbunt cum per q litteram, s tempus significat spelling s orthographia |ae f

spend (time) ag agere g ctus, cnsm |ere |ps |ptus; spend the south s merdis | m, merdinum | night pernoctre; spend the summer n; in the south merdi aestvre; spend the winter hiemre; southern merdinlis |is |e, spend time (effort, money) on merdinus |a |um, nferior |ior |ius tempus (operam, pecniam) impend |ere | impnsus (in + acc) southward in merdiem versus [versus is an adverb] spicy cer cris cre south wind Auster |tr m sow porca |ae f, ss |is f; sows oink ss grunniunt spacious amplus |a |um spaghetti spacell |rum mpl Spain Hispnia |ae f spam (comput) saginti |nis f spare time tempus |oris n subsicvum spark plug candla |ae f accnsva sparrow passer |eris m (see bird) spasm spasmus | m; have a muscle spasm mscul spasm labrre speak tr & intr loquor | loctus sum; dc |ere dx dictus; speak Latin, speak correct Latin Latn loqu; so to speak ut ita dcam; speak! Im spider arneus | m (a |ae f) spider web arnea |ae f spill tr effund |ere effd effsus intr effundor effund effsus sum spinach spinacia |ae f spine (anat) spna |ae f dors spirit: spirit of the law volunts |tis f lgis; thats the right spirit now nunc t frg bonae es spit s sptum | n spit tr & intr spu |ere | sptus; (frequentative) sputre splendid: absolutely splendid! nimis factum bene!; splendid! euge! split ones sides laughing lia sua rs dissolv |ere |

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Conversational Latin (for sheep) ovle |is n; (for pigs) sule |is n stadium stadium | n staff member, staff officer contubernlis |is mf stag cervus | m stage scna |ae f, proscnium | n; (step in progress) gradus |s m; go on the stage in scnam prde |re |i; stage of life aettis gradus |s m staircase sclae |rum fpl stairs sclae |rum fpl; climb the stairs per scls ascend |ere | stair well sclrium | n stamp pittcium | n cursule

sponge s spongia |ae f; sponge stick (used by Romans for the same purpose as modern toilet paper) xilospongium | n sponge tr sponge a meal cnam captre spoon cochlear |ris n sport thltica |ae f, disportus |s m sport shirt camisia |ae f campestris sportswear vestis |is f campestris spouse coninx |iugis mf sprain tr luxre sprain s luxtra |ae f spread sheet (comput) charta |ae f computtva spring fns |tis m; (season) vr, vris n

stand tr I cant stand him istum ferre spring break feriae |rum fpl vernae; nn que; I cant stand the cold spend the spring break feris verns frgoris impatins sum intr st stre ag agere g ctus stet; Id like to know how matters sprint cursus |s m brevis stand velim scre qu mod rs s spunk alacrits |tis f habeant spunky alacer |cris |cre standing ovation: give s.o. a standing squabble intr rxor |r |tus sum squabble s rxa |ae f squad turma |ae f square intr this simply doesnt square nn sn quadrat square s quadrtum | n; (rectangular space surrounded by buildings or streets) rea |ae f; (carpenters tool) norma |ae f squeak (of mice, rats) mintri |re squeeze the flesh (when campaigning) prnsre squirrel scirus | m stability firmits |tis f stable adj firmus |a |um stable s stabulum | n; (for horses) equle |is n; (for cows) bovle |is n; ovation alicui stants plaud |dere |s stands (bleachers) for |rum mpl staple s uncnulus | m (metallicus) staple tr cnsu |suere |su |stus stapler uncntrium | n, cnstrium | n (chartrum) starling sturnus | m (see bird) start initium | n; at the start of the year ann ineunte; youve made a good start bene habent tibi prncipia starter (on a car) incittrum | n; for starters prncipi starvation fams |is f starve tr fme cnfici |ficere |fc |fectus intr fme cnfic; Im starved fame nectus sum

General Vocabulary state (the state as a community) cvits |tis f; state of mind affecti |nis f anim statesman vir, vir m cvlis stationery charta f epistulris stationery store taberna |ae f chartria statue statua |ae f, signum | n status status |s m statute lx, lgis f stay mane |re |s |srus; (temporarily) moror |r |tus sum steak frstum | n bbulae

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stew tr lent igne coqu |ere cox coctus intr aesture; I stewed over it for a long time in e aestuv di steward hospes |itis m erius stewardess hospita |ae f eria stewed irulentus |a |um; (drunk) lixus |a |um stick to ones guns in sententi st stre stet; stick to the truth in vritte mane |re mns still (till now) adhc sting s (on a bee) aculeus | m; (bite) ictus |s m

steal fror |r |tus sum; clep |ere |s sting tr c |ere c ictus |tus; toll |ere sustul subltus stingy sordidus |a |um steeple turris |is f campnria stink foete |re steer s iuvencus | m stinky foetidus |a |um steer tr gubernre stock ctia |ae f steering wheel rota |ae f modertrx step s gradus |s m; step by step gradtim; steps (of stairs) grads |uum mpl; take steps (take measures) ratinem inre step gradior | gressus sum; step on it! mtr! (pl: mtrte!) stepbrother (on fathers side) vtric flius | m; (on mothers side) novercae flius stepdaughter prvigna |ae f stepfather vtricus | m stepmother noverca |ae f stepsister (on fathers side) vtric flia |e f; (on mothers side) novercae flia stepson prvignus | m stereo stereophnium | n stern asper |era |erum stew s irulentum | n; be in a stew over aesture (w causal abl) stock broker chrmatista |ae m (ria |riae f) stock exchange bursa |ae f stocking tbile |is n; (of felt and covering part of the legs) implium | n stock market chrmatisterium | n, bursa |ae f stomach stomachus | m, venter |tris m stomach ache dolor |ris m stomach stone: I will leave no stone unturned nihil praetermittam stoned (drunk) lixus |a um stool scabellum | n; (for sitting or mounting) scamnum | n stool pigeon index |icis mf stop (come to a stop) sist |ere stit; (desist from) dsin |ere dsv or dsi (+ inf); does the bus (train) stop in subsistitne autoraeda longa (trmen) in (+ abl)?; stop!

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Conversational Latin street via |ae f; (with houses) plata |ae f; (paved) strta |ae f; across the street from exadversum (+ acc) streetcar currus |s m lectricus street clothes fornsia |ium npl street map tabula |ae f viria stretch see extend stretch spatium | n strict sevrus |a |um; (person in authority) acerbus |a |um strictly speaking propri

ast!; stop off at dversr apud (+ acc); stop off at s.o.s house apud aliquem dversr (or dvert |ere |); stop right there! st lic!; stop talking! dsine (pl: dsinite) loqu! they finally stopped talking fnem loquend dmum fcrunt stop-over commorti |nis f; make a stop-over commoror |r |tus sum stop sign signum | n subsistend stop watch chronoscpium | n store taberna |ae f; (supply) cpia |ae f storeroom cella |ae f stork cicnia |ae f (see bird)

strike (work stoppage) operistitium | n; be or go on strike opus intermitt |mittere |ms; make a storm tempests |tis f; procella |ae f; a storm arose tempests coorta est strike (in bowling) omns cns simul prstern |ere prstrv stormy procellsus |a |um, turbulentus |a |um string chorda |ae f, flum | n; (comput) seris | f story (tale) fbula |ae f; (rumor) fma |ae f; (floor) tabultum | n, strip (e.g., of bacon) segmentum | n contignti |nis f; to make a long stroke of luck lsus |s m fortnae story short n longus sim or n longam faciam stroll intr spatior |r |atus sum, dambulre stove focus | m, foculus | m; electric (gas) stove focus lectricus (gaseus) straight drectus |a |um; go straight home! (pl: te) rct domum! straighten out a matter rem explicre strait frtum | n; Strait of Messina frtum Siculum strange mrus |a |um; strange to say mrbile dict strap lrum | n; (for shoe or sandal, sometimes decorated with gems) obstrgulum | n straw strmentum | n; (for drinking) sph |nis m strawberry frgum | n stray (dog, cat, etc.) extrrius |a |um stream rvus | m stroll s would you like to take a stroll? velsne spatir? strong validus |a |um (opp: imbcillus |a |um) stubborn obstintus |a |um stuck: he is stuck on some girl or other in amre haeret apud nesci quam virginem; be stuck on haere |re haes in (+ abl); Im stuck (out of ideas) haere stuck-up vultusus |a |um; fastidisus |a |um; be stuck-up fastidi |re student discipulus | m (a |ae f), studns |entis m, studentissa |ae f studies studia |rum npl study (a room) studiolum | n

General Vocabulary study stude |re |u (+ dat) intr studre study period spatium | n studisum stuff (junk) ngae |rum fpl stumble over new words nova verba offend |ere | sturgeon accipnser |eris m style modus | m; go out of style exolsc |ere exolv subdirectory (comput) plicrum subindex |icis m suddenly statim, subit, repente

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sue s.o. ltem alicui nfer nferre intul illtus suffer tr fer ferre tul ltus; suffer punishment poenam dare intr patior | passus sum; suffer from dole |re |u (+ abl of ailment or affected part), labrre (+ abl); suffering from oppressus |a |um (+ abl) sugar saccharum | n; cube of sugar cubus | m sacchar

subject (e.g., history, math, etc.) sugar bowl vsculum | n sacchar disciplna |ae f; (topic) suggest subici |icere |ic |iectus; as argmentum | n; (gram) subiectum you suggest quemadmodum suds | n ; (topic studied) genus |eris n suggestion: at your suggestion t studirum, doctrna |ae f auctre subject matter mteria |ae f subjunctive adj subinctvus |a |um; subjunctive mood subinctvus modus | m subjunctive s subinctvus | m submarine nvis |is f submarna subordinate conjunction s subinctva conincti |nis f subscribe subscrb |ere subscrps substitute adj vicrius |a [not neuter] substitute s succdneus | m (a |ae f) substitute tr (for) substitu |ere | |tus (pr + abl) subtract dtrah |ere dtrax dtractus suburb suburbium | n subway ferrivia |ae f subterrnea success rs, re f flciter gesta, rs bene gesta, succssus |s m such a tlis |is |e; such a big tantus |a |um; such is the case rs s ita habet sucker (fool) barcala |ae mf; take s.o. for a sucker alicui s sublin sublinere sublv

suit synthesis |is f; (leg) cti |nis f; bring a suit against s.o. ctinem alicui intend |dere |d

suitcase riscus | m; (small suitcase) risculus | m suite (of rooms) diaeta |ae f sultry aestusus |a |um sum: to sum up ad summam or in summam or in summ summary summrium | n, brevirium | n summer adj aestvus |a |um summer s aests |tis f summer vacation friae aestvae; spend the summer vacation fris aestvs agere summit cacmen |inis n sun sl, slis m; full sun plrimus sl sunbathe aprcor |r sunbathing aprcti |nis f Sunday dis | m Slis; (eccles) Dominica f

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Conversational Latin surfboard tabula |ae f flctvaga surgeon chrurgus | m (a |ae f); the surgeon operated on her chrurgus eam secuit surgery (the art) chrurgia |ae f; (practice) manus |s f; use surgery manum adhibre surly morsus |a um et difficilis |is |e surprise mrum | n surprised: be surprised that mror |r |tus sum (w acc + inf)

sun glasses perspicilla |rum n slria (or nfuscta) sunny aprcus |a |um sunrise ortus |s m slis; at sunrise sle ort sunset occsus |s m slis sunshine sl, slis m suntan adustus color |ris m; get a suntan colrre superintendent (of a school district) superintendns |entis mf; (of a building) prcrtor |ris m

surrender intr s dd |dere |did; force an enemy to surrender superlative adj superltvus |a |um hostem in dditinem venre cg superlative s gradus |s m superltvus; |ere cog coctus in the superlative superltv; give surrender s dditi |nis f me laetus in the superlative dc laetus superltv suspect s suspectus | m (a |ae f) suspect tr suspici |ere suspex suspectus suspense: be in suspense in suspns esse; not to keep you any longer in suspense n ditius in suspns pendes

supermarket supernstitrium | n supine s supnum | n supper cna |ae f; for supper in cnam

supplies commetus |s m (used both as collective singular and in the plural); cut off the enemys supplies suspicion suspici |nis f; come under intercld |cldere |cls hosts suspicion in suspicinem venre commetibus supply: supply s.o. with men and arms suspicious suspicx |cis; (suspected) suspectus |a |um alicui virs et arma ministrre suppose opnor |r |tus sum; I suppose [parenthetical] ut opnor sure adj certus |a |um; be sure to come facit (or fac) modo ut venis; for sure pr cert; I am sure that certus (-a) sum (+ acc & inf); know for sure certum (or pr cert) sci scre scv sctus; I think but dont know for sure opnor sed cert nesci; to be sure nempe surely cert, quidem, sn surf intr tabul flctivag per summs unds prlbor | prlpsus sum swallow hirund |inis f (see bird) swamp pals |dis f swan cycnus | m (see bird) swap permtre; swap places loca inter s permtre swarm (of bees, wasps, locusts) exmen |inis n swear in the soldiers mlits sacrment adig |ere adg adctus sweat intr sdre sweat s sdor |ris m; break a sweat nsdre; no sweat! nn labr!

General Vocabulary sweat suit vestis |is f gymnica sweater thrx |cis m lnius sweep the floor pavmentum verr |ere | versus sweeper (soccer) lsor |ris m lber, lsrx |cis f lbera sweet dulcis |is |e sweetheart: my sweetheart volupts mea; oculus meus, ocellus meus; (in address) mea volupts, m ocule, m ocelle swell (up) (of limbs) turge |re turs, s attoll |ere (opp: s summittere) sweltering aestusus |a |um swim natre swimming s natti |nis f (see Chapter V) swimming instructor natand magister |tr m (tra |trae f) swimming meet certmen |inis n nattrium swimming pool piscna |ae f swimsuit vestis |is f balneris swim trunks subligculum | n balnere swindle fraudre; swindle s.o. out of aliquem fraudre (+ abl) swindler plnus | m (a |ae f), fraudtor |tris m (trx |trcis f swing intr oscillre swing s oscillum | n swipe (steal) surripi |ripere |ripu |reptus Swiss Helvtius |a |um switch (electrical) mttrum | n Switzerland Helvtia |ae f swivel chair sella |ae f versatilis swollen tumidus |a |um swordfish xiphis |ae m

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syllable s syllaba |ae f; syllables form words syllabae faciunt dictins sympathy: show sympathy for commiseror |r |tus sum (+ acc) symphony symphnia |ae f symptom nota |ae f, indicium | n synagogue synagga |ae f syntax s syntaxis |is f

T
T-shirt tunicula |ae f table mnsa |ae f; set the table mnsam pn |ere posu; sit down at the table mnsae adsd |sdere |sd; wipe off the table mnsam perterg |ere perters tablecloth mantle |is n table of contents index |icis m capitum tablet (for writing) tabula |ae f; (of medication) pastillus | m table tennis (see Ping-Pong) tableware nstrmenta |rum npl escria tactics: change ones tactics ratinem bell gerend mtre tail cauda |ae f taillight lminare |ris n postcum tailor (making clothes) vestificus | m (a |ae f); (altering clothes) sarcintor |ris m tailor shop vestificna |ae f take tr (accept) accipi |ere accp acceptus; (to a person or place) affer afferre attul alltus; (to escort, lead) dc |ere dx ductus; here, take it em, accipe; I cant take it anymore pat neque amplius; I take it (parenthetical) ut opnor; take

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Conversational Latin talkative loqux |cis talk show spectculum | n disputtvum; (on radio) disputti |nis f radiophnica tall prcrus |a |um; be a head taller than tt vertice esse supr (+ acc); he is tall statr prcr est, prcrus est tank lacus |s m; (mil) autocurrus |s m armtus tape s (adhesive) taenia |ae f adhaesva; (audiotape) phnotaeniola |ae f; (audiocasette) phnocasta |ae f; make a tape phnotaeniolam cnficere tape tr in phnotaeniol imprim imprimere impress impressus tape recorder magntophnum | n, castophnum | n target scpus | m tariff portrium | n task opus |eris n, pnsum | n taste s (sense) gusttus |s m; (flavor) sapor |ris m; (foretaste, sample) gustus |s m; lack of good taste dformits |tis f; this is not to my taste hoc nn me stomach est taste tr & intr sapi |ere |v or |i; taste like sapere (+ acc) tax vectgal |lis n; collect taxes vectglia exig |ere exg exctus; impose a tax on vectgal impn |ere imposu impositus (+ dat); pay taxes vectglia pnsitre tax collector exctor |ris m, pblicnus | m taxi raeda |ae f meritria tea thea |ae f teach (w. double acc) doce |re |u |tus; teach Latin Latn docre

away (hope, freedom, sleep, life) adim |ere adm admptus; take down (notes, lecture) excipere; (unfasten) refg |ere refx; take for (regard as) habre; take (a dog) for a walk dcere; take in s.o. (con s.o.) alicui verba dare; take into consideration respici |ere respx; take it easy! parce! (pl: parcite!); take it hard that graviter fer ferre tul (+ acc & inf); take off (clothes) exu exuere exu extus; (clothes, shoes, ring) dtrah dtrahere dtrax; take pains to in magn negti habre (+ inf); take place f fier factus sum; take pleasure in capere laetitiam ex (+ abl); take upon oneself (to) in s conferre (+ inf); the preposition ad takes the accusative case ad praepositi csu accstv servit; they know that they were taken in sciunt sibi data esse verba; this verb takes the accusative case hoc verbum coniungitur (or adiungitur) csu accstv intr take after similis esse (+ gen); take off (lit: go away) abe |re |v or |i; (coll) apoculre; (of a plane) avolre take-off (of a plane) volti |nis f talent ingenium | n talented ingenisus |a |um talk s serm |nis m; (childish, silly, everyday) talk (puerlis, stultus, quotidinus) serm; give a talk sermnem habre; have a talk with s.o. cum aliqu dligenter colloquor | colloctus sum; small talk sermunculus | m; thats mere talk verba istaec sunt talk tr & intr loquor | loctus sum; talk back (to) nsolenter responde |re | (+ dat); talk s.th. over with s.o. aliquid cum aliqu communicre

General Vocabulary teacher magister |tr m (tra |trae f) teachers room oecus | n magistrrum (or magistrrum) teaching assistant magistrae (or magistr) aditor |tris m (trx |trcis f) teaching method docend rati |nis f teacup pocillum | n thenum team turma |ae f teapot hirnia |ae (or hirniola |ae) f thena tear s lacrima |ae f; shed tears lacrims profund |ere profd profsus tear tr scind |ere scid scissus; I cant tear myself away from my books in librs haere |re haes; tear down (building) diru |ere | dirtus; tear to bits or pieces lanire, dlacerre; tear up (paper) discindere intr (to rush) ru |ere |; (of clothes, etc.) scindor | scissus sum; tear along the road viam vorre tease taxre teaspoon parvum cochler |ris n telephone adj tlephnicus |a |um telephone s tlephnum | n; by telephone tlephnic; call s.o. on the telephone aliquem per tlephnum vocre; dial a number numerum (tlephnicum) slig |ere slg slctus; dial the area code numerum praeslctrium sligere; speak with s.o. on the telephone cum aliqu tlephnic colloquor colloqu colloctus sum; the telephone is ringing tlephnum tinnit; use a pay phone tlephn montl tor t sus sum telephone tr per tlephnum vocre, tlephn compellre

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telephone book tlephnicus index |icis m; look in the telephone book tlephnicum indicem nspici |ere nspex telephone booth cella |ae f tlephnica telephone call (local, long-distance) tlephnma |atis n (locle, longinquum) telephone conversation tlephnma |atis n telephone line cnexi |nis f tlephnica telephone number numerus | m tlephnicus telephone receiver auscultbulum | n; pick up the receiver auscultbulum toll |ere sustul telephone ring tinntus |s m tlephnicus telescope tlescopium | n television tlevsi |nis f; (set) tlevsrium | n; turn on (turn off) the television tlevsrium excitre (exstingu |ere exstnx exstnctus); turn down (up) the television vim tlevsri remitt |ere rems (auge |re aux); watch television tlevsinem spectre television audience tlevsrs |um mpl television broadcast missi |nis f tlevsifica television channel tlevsrius canlis |is m television news tlediurna |rum npl television program programma |atis n tlevsificum television screen quadrum | n tlevsficum television series seris | f tlevsifica television set tlevsrium | n

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Conversational Latin tension contenti |nis f; (anxiety) nxiets |tis f tent tentrium | n tenterhooks: be on tenterhooks anim pende |re pepend term (expression) verbum | n; (semester) studirum spatium | n, smstre |is n; term of office spatium | n (temporis) magistrts terminal stati |nis f terminlis; (comput) terminle |is n terms condicins |um fpl; be on friendly terms with a country in amciti popul esse; Im on good terms with in grti sum cum (+ abl); mihi cum (+ abl) magna necessitd est; on these terms hs condicinibus, hs lgibus; stick by the terms in condicinibus mane |re mns terms of peace pcis condicins |um fpl; accept terms of peace pcis condicins accipere (opp: repudire); dictate terms of peace to pcis condicins dcere (+ dat); propose terms of peace pcis condicins fer ferre tul ltus terrace xystus | m terrain ntra |ae f loc terrible terribilis |is |e terrific exmius |a |um; terrific! euge! terrify terrificre, terre |re |u |itus terror terror |ris m test probti |nis f; flunk a test cad |ere cecid in probtine; pass a test probtinem sustine |re |u testicle testiculus | m testy rcundus |a |um text (comput) textus |s m

television viewer tlevsor |ris m (trx |trcis f) tell nrrre; tell about nrrre d (+ abl); tell a lie mendcium dcere; tell a secret scrtum loquor | loctus sum; tell the truth vrum dcere temper rcundia |ae f; have a bad temper summ rcundi esse; keep ones temper rcundiam cohibe |re |u; lose ones temper rcund efferor efferr ltus sum temperature tempertra |ae f; the temperature fell below thirty-two degrees tempertra lpsa est subter dus et trgint grads; the temperature is two degrees above freezing tempertra est ad dus grads supr pnctum glacile; what is the temperature? qu grad stat tempertra? temple templum | n, aeds |is f; (anat) tempus |oris n ten decem [indecl]; ten times decis tendon nervus | m tennis tenildium | n, tenisia |ae f; play tennis tenisi ldere (see Chapter V) tennis ball pila |ae f tenisiae tennis court campus | m tenildi tennis doubles ldus | m bis bnrum tennis match certmen |inis n tenildi tennis net rte |is n tenisiae tennis player tenildius | m (a |ae f) tennis racket rticulum | n (manubritum) tenor cantor |ris m vcis mediae tense adj intentus |a |um; (mentally) nxius |a |um tense s (gram) tempus |oris n

General Vocabulary textbook liber |br m scholris, ars, artis f than (in comparisons) quam thank grtis agere (+ dat); no, thank you benign; no, thank you just the same tam grtia est; thank heaven! sit ds grtia!; thank you (familiar form) (for a future favor) amb t; (for a favor done) am t; thank you for tibi grtis agere quod (+ indic); thank you for helping me grtis tibi ag quod m ivist thankful: I am thankful to you grtiam tibi habe; you ought to be thankful to me grtiam habes mihi thanks grtis!; thanks, but no, thanks sed grtia est; thanks a lot! mults grtis!; no, thanks benign; thanks a lot for t multum am quod (+ indic); thanks a million! sescents grtis!; thanks for your gifts grtis tibi d dns tus; thanks to me (you, etc.) me (tu, etc.) oper Thanksgiving Day dis | m Grtultinis; Happy Thanksgiving! Flcem Diem Grtultinis (opt)! that ille |a |ud; (sometimes pej) iste |a |ud; is that so? itane est?; thatll do sat est; thats it! (enough!) tantum est!; thats right (in response to a question) sc est; thats so ita est thaw tr dissolv |ere | intr tabsc |ere tabu theater thetrum | n; theater of war bell sds |is f theft frtum | n theme (topic) mteria |ae f, argmentum | n; (essay) tracttus |s m; write a theme tracttum cnscrbere then (and so) itaque; (at that time) tum; (in that case) igitur; (next) deinde, deinceps; (therefore) erg; just then

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tunc maxim; then and there lic, ibi continu therapist therapeuta |ae m (ria |riae f) therapy therapa |ae f; therapy treatment crti |nis f therapeutica there (position) ibi; (direction) illc therefore erg, igitur thermometer thermometrum | n thick dnsus |a |um thief fr, fris mf thigh femur |oris n thimble digitle |s n think putre, cnse |re |u, aestimre; I dont think so ego nn put; I think so id opnor; think s.th. over aliquid scum reputre; think up excogitre; that is exactly what I think ita prrsus existim; what do you think? quid cnss? thirty trgint this hic haec hoc thought: on second thought cum ego recogit thread flum | n; (comput) seris | f epistulrum lectronicrum; hang by a thread (fig) fl pende |re pepend thrifty frglis |is |e, frg [indecl] throat faucs |ium fpl throw conici |ere conic coniectus; throw out of the game camp relegre; throw the book at s.o. (fig) summ ire cum aliqu agere throw-in (soccer) iniectus |s m (laterlis) thrush turdus | m (see bird) thumb pollex |icis m

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Conversational Latin tile lmina |ae f fctilis till prep sque ad (+ acc), in (+ acc); till late at night ad multam noctem; till late in the day ad multum diem; till the month of July in mnsem Ilium till tr (the soil) col |ere |u cultus time tempus |oris n; (leisure) tium | n; (age, period) aets |tis f; (of day) hra |ae f; ahead of time ante tempus; a long time already (+ present temse) iam ddum, e.g., Ive been here a long time already iam ddum adsum; around the time of sub tempus (+ gen); ask the time quaerere hrs; ask what time it is hrs inqurere; at about the same time sub idem tempus; at another time alis; at one time at another alis alis; at that time ad id temporis, tum; at the right time tempestv; at the time when qu tempestte; at the wrong time intempestv; at times interdum; a very short time ago modo; before time (prematurely) ante tempus; for a long time iam di; for a short time brev tempore; for some time aliquamdi; for the first time prmum; for the last time extrmum; for the time being in tempus, pr tempore; from that time on ex e; from time to time subinde; hes having a good time by himself e bene est sl; I always have time for semper vac (+ dat); I havent the time haud mihi tium est; Im having a good (lousy) time mihi bene (male) est; in my spare time cum tempus subsicvum mihi est; in Roman times aette Rmn; I have no time tempus nn est mihi; in a short time in brev spati; in good time, in plenty of time mtr; in (the course of) time tempore, prcdente tempore; it is high time

thumb tack cuspidiola |ae f pollice nfxa thunder impers v tonat tonre tonuit thunder s tonitrus |s m thunderbolt fulmen |inis n Thursday dis | m Iovis Tiber Tiberis |is (acc: Tiberim) m ticket tessera |ae f (itinerria); firstclass (second-class) ticket tessera prmae (secundae) classis; one-way ticket tessera nus curss; return ticket tessera redits; round-trip ticket tessera its reditsque ticket agent tesserrius | m (a |ae f) ticket window stiolum | n tesserrium tide aestus |s m; high tide aests accessus |s m; low tide aests recessus |s m tidy adj mundus |a |um tidy up rdinre tie (necktie) fcle |is n tie adj (in a game) be tie pars esse tie tr ligre, alligre; (in a knot) nodre; be tied down (e.g., with business) impedior |r |tus sum; my money is tied up argentum occuptum est; tie back revinci |re revnx, revnctus; tie up (in work, etc.) impedi |re |v |tus tie-up (on the highway) affluentia |ae f vehiculria tiger tigris |is or |idis m; tigers growl tigrs fremunt tight (knot, clothes) strctus |a |um; (shoe) restrctus |a |um; (stingy) sordidus |a |um tight-fisted adstrctus |a |um tight spot: be in a tight spot in angustis esse

General Vocabulary for you to tempus maxim est ut t (+ subj); make up for lost time cessta tempora corrig |ere corrx; not to have the time to tium nn habre (w. dat ger); once upon a time lim; one time (once) semel; on time temper; postpone to another time differre in aliud tempus; see what time it is hrs nspicere; spend time tempus smere (or agere or agitre); some time ago ddum, prdem; there is no time to study nn vacat studre; there is no time to waste matrt opus est; there was a time when (tempus) fuit cum; waste time tempus perd |dere |did; what time is it? quota hra est? or quot hrae sunt? while away the time tempus fall |ere fefell times (use numeral adverbs) e.g., ten times decis; no more than three times ter nec amplius timetable hrrium | n tin plumbum | n album, stannum | n tip apex |icis m; (money) stips |is f; it was on the tip of the tongue erat in labrs prmribus tipsy briolus |a |um tire cummeus canthus | m; put air in the tire cummeum canthum nflre tired fessus |a |um tireless assiduus |a |um tissue mcinnium | n chartaceum title (of a book) nscrpti |nis f; (of a person) appellti |nis f toad bf |nis m toast s pnis |is m tostus; (in drinking) propnti |nis f; drink a toast to propnre (+ dat); heres to you! (as a toast) bene t! (pl: bene vs)! toast tr (bread) torre |re |u tostus; (drink to) propinre (+ dat) toaster tostrum | n toboggan scldia |ae f

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toboggan run dcursus |s m scldiae today hodi; before today ante hunc diem; starting today ex hc di toe digitus | m pedis; big toe pollex |icis m toenail unguis |is m pedis toga toga |ae f; (bright-white toga, worn by candidates) toga candida; (worn by men and boys after the age of about fifteen) toga virlis or pra; (toga with purple border, worn by curule magistrates, by boys up to the age of manhood, and by girls until marriage) toga praetexta; (toga embroidered with silver stars) toga pcta; (toga of smooth cloth) toga rsa; receive the toga of manhood togam virlem sm |ere |ps |tus toilet ltrna |ae f; (public) forica |ae f; flush the toilet ltrnam prlu prluere prlu; I must go to the toilet mihi eundum est in ltrnam; may I go to the toilet? licetne re in ltrnam?; sit on the toilet (hopper) in sell familiric sedre toilet bowl lbellum | n intimum toilet paper chartula |ae f hyginica toilet seat sella |ae f familirica toll (highway fee) vectgal |lis n rotre toll booth taberna |ae f vectglis rotris; rotrium | n toll call tlephnma |atis n longinquum toll road via |ae f vectglis rotris tomato lycopersicum | n tomorrow crs, dis | m crstinus; day after tomorrow perendi; tomorrow morning crs mne;

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Conversational Latin touch tr tang |ere tetig tctus; (to stir) move |re mv mtus; touch deeply commovre touch (sense) tctus |s m; put the final touches to ultimam (or summam) manum impn |ere imposu impositus (+ dat) touch-and-go anceps, ancipitis touchdown: make a touchdown calcem (or crtam) atting |ere attig attctus touchy (irritable) stomachsus |a |um; (matter) lbricus |a |um tough drus |a |um toupee galericulum | n; wear a toupee gelericul tor, t sus sum tour s (in a foreign country) peregrnti |nis f; (e.g., of a factory) iter, itineris n; complete a three-year tour of duty triennium mlitiae exple |re |v |tus; tour of duty mlitia |ae f tour bus coenautocntum | n perigticum tour guide mystaggus | m, dux, ducis mf itinerrius (-a) tourist peregrntor |tris m (trx |trcis f) tourist class classis |is f tristica tow truck carrus | m remulcand towel gausapnum | n; bath towel gausapnum balnerium; hand towel manutergium | n tower turris |is f town oppidum | n; (in Italy, subject to Rome, but self-governed) mnicipium | n; small town oppidulum | n town hall cria |ae f mniciplis toy ldibrium | n

tomorrow night crs nocte; until tomorrow in crstinum tongue lingua |ae f tonight hc nocte tonsils tonsillae |rum fpl too (excessively) nimis; (also) quoque (comes after the word it emphasizes); too bad about male (mehercule) d (+ abl); too bad about Marcus! male d Mrc! tool nstrmentum | n; tools (comput) nstrmenta |rum npl toolbar nstrmentrum tabella |ae f tooth dns, dentis m; tooth and nail (fig) tt corpore et omnibus unguls toothache dolor |ris m dentium toothbrush pniculus | m dentrius toothpaste pasta |ae f dentria toothpick dentiscalpium | n top adj summus |a |um top tr superre; to top it off in summ top s apex |icis m; (of house) fastgium | n; (of tree) cacmen |inis n; at the top of ones voice summ vce; at the top of the page ab summ pgin; on (the) top supr; on top of that qun et, nsuper; top of the mountain summus mns |tis m topaz topzius |a |um topcoat superindmentum | n topic mteria |ae f, rs, re f topography locrum dscrpti |nis f topsy-turvy: everything was topsyturvy omnia erant srsum deorsum; turn everything topsy-turvy omnia srsum deorsum versre tornado turb |inis m

General Vocabulary trace s vestigium | n trace tr indgre; (outline) dlnere; trace back repet |ere |v |tus track indgre; track down s.th. aliquid indgre

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translate tr (con)vert |ere | (con)versus, trnsfer trnsferre trnstul trnsltus; translate from Latin to English ex Latn in Anglicum (con)vertere

translation s trnslta |rum npl; (act track vestigium | n; (wheel-track, rut) of translating) trnslti |nis f orbita |ae f; (path) semita |ae f; (the sport) cursra |ae f; (course laid out transparency pgina |ae f pellcida for runners) curriculum | n (see transportation vectra |ae f Chapter V), (of a railroad) orbita travel iter facere; travel by car (train, |ae f ferriviria plane, ship) autocnt (trmine, tractor tractrum | n roplan, nv) vehor veh vectus sum trade merctra |ae f; (profession) artificium | n travel agency sds |is f perigtica trade union syndictus |s m traffic commetus |s m vehiculrum; heavy traffic celebrits |tis f viae (or virum); frequentia |ae f vehiculrum traffic cop vigil |is mf vitrius (-a) traffic jam affluentia |ae f vehiculria travel agent itinerum prcrtor |tris m (trx |trcis f) traveler vitor |ris m, vitrx |cis f; (abroad) peregrntor |ris m, peregrntrx |cis f tray ferculum | n treason prditi |nis f

traffic light smaphorum | n (red treat (person, subject) tractre; rubrum; yellow flvum; green viride) (medically) crre trailer home habitculum, | n treatment tractti |nis f; (for) remulctum crti |nis f (+ gen of illness) train s trmen |inis n (ferrivirium); a treaty foedus |eris n; according to the through train trmen drctum terms of the treaty ex pact, ex train tr (for physical proficiency) exercitre intr s exercitre trainer (of athletes) exercitor |ris m, exercitrx |cis f train schedule hrrium | n trminum train station stati |nis f ferriviria train ticket tessera |ae f ferriviria tramp larifuga |ae m trampoline dsultrium | n transfer to (another train, etc.) trnscend |ere | in (+ acc) transitive trnsitvus |a |um foedere; break a treaty foedus frang |ere frg fractus; conclude a treaty with foedus c cere c ictus or feri |re cum (+ abl); violate a treaty foedus violre tree arbor |oris f treetop cacmen |inis n tremble trem |ere |u; tremble all over contrem |ere |u trend inclnti |nis f trial quaesti |nis f, idicium | n; be on trial for idicium d (+ abl) sube |re |v or |i; be on trial for

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Conversational Latin more trouble amplius negt; whats the trouble? quid illuc mal est? or quid est negt? troubled exercittus |a |um trousers brcae |rum fpl trout tructus | m, tructa |ae f trowel trulla |ae f truce indtiae |rum fpl; a six-years truce indtiae annrum sex; break a truce indtis violre; make a truce indtis facere truck autocntum | n onerrium, autocarrum | n truck driver, trucker autocnt onerri guberntor |ris m true vrus |a |um; thats true rs ita est or ita profect est trumpet (musical instrument) tuba |ae f; (of an elephant) barrtus |s m trumpet intr (of an elephant) barri |re trunk (of a tree) truncus | m; (of a car) receptculum | n sarcinrum; (for clothes) cista |ae f; (of an elephant) manus |s f trust s fids |e f, bona fids |e f; put ones trust in (cn)fdere (+ dat) trust tr fd |ere fsus sum (semideponent) (+ dat or abl) trusting cnfdns |entis trustworthiness fdcia |ae f trustworthy locupls |tis trusty fdus |a |um, firmus |a |um truth vrum | n; to tell the truth ut vra (or vrum) dcam (or loquar) truthful vridicus |a |um try temptre, conor |r |tus sum; try a case (of) causam cognsc |ere cognv cognitus (d + abl); try on (clothes) induend probre; try ones

ones life idicium d capite subre; conduct a trial quaestinem exerce |re |u |itus; go on trial in is e re i or v trial lawyer causidicus | m (a |ae f) tribune of the people tribnus | m plbis tribunician power tribnicia potests |tis f tributary fluvius | m; the Allia is a tributary of the Tiber Allia Tiberim nfluit trick dolus | m; be up to some tricks lascvus |a |um esse; is this a trick? num hoc est capti?; play tricks on lds facere (+ dat) tricky dolsus |a |um tricycle trirota |ae f trip iter, itineris n; take a trip iter facere tripod trips |edis m phtographicus trolley currus |s m lectricus trombone tuba |ae f ductilis trouble sollicitre; I dont want to trouble you nl tibi molestus (-a) esse trouble s (annoyance) molestia |ae f, malum | n; (when the idea of difficulty predominates) labor |ris m; (effort, pains) opera |ae f; be in trouble labrre; cause s.o. big trouble molestiam gravem alicui adhibe |re |u or exhibe; have stomach trouble stomach labrre; get s.o. into trouble aliquem in aerumnam obser |ere obsv; if it is no trouble s grave nn erit; Im expecting some big trouble nesci quod magnum malum exspect; its not worth the trouble nn est pretium operae; make big trouble for s.o. dare magnum malum alicui;

General Vocabulary best to (not to) operam d dare ded ut (n) (+ subj); try ones patience patienti abtor | absus sum trying (tough) exercittus |a |um; (annoying) molestus |a |um tuberculosis phithisis |is f tuck up succing |ere succnx succnctus Tuesday dis | m Mrtis tuna thunnus | m tunnel (for trains, cars) specus |s m (ferrivirius, autocnticus) turkey gallopv |nis m; talk turkey with Latn loquor | loctus sum cum (+ abl) turn s (in the road) flexus |s m viae; a good turn beneficium | n; in turn invicem; its your turn now nunc t rd vocat; out of turn extr rdinem; take a turn for the worse in dterius inclnr; take turns driving invicem (or per vics, in vics) gubernre turn tr (con)vert |ere |; turn down (reject) repudire; turn in weapons arma trd |ere trdid trditus; turn off (a light, computer) exstingu |ere exstnx exstnctus; turn on (a light) accend |ere |; (a computer) excitre; turn upside down subvertere intr vertor | versus sum; turn around convert; turn into mtr in (+ acc); turn out fine bell cad |ere cecid csrus; something will turn up, I hope fiet aliquid, spr turn-off dverticulum | n turnpike autocntica via |ae f quadripertta turn signal index |icis m drctinis turquoise turcicus |a |um turtle testd |inis f

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tutor s domesticus praeceptor |ris m, domestica praeceptrx |cis f tutor tr prvtim nstitu |ere | |tus TV (see television) TV room conclve |is n tlevsri nstructum tweezers volsella |ae f twilight crepusculum | n two duo, duae, duo; two each bn |ae |a two-faced duplex |icis, bilinguis |is |e two-time fraudre two-timer nfidlis |is mf type s genus |eris n; (print) typus | m; that type of person istus generis hom type tr dactylographre typesetter typotheta |ae m typewriter dactylographium | n typewriter key malleolus | m; press a key malleolum dprim |ere dpress (or pulsre) typing dactylographica ars |tis f typist dactylographus | m (a |ae f)

U
udder ber |eris n ugh! vah!; heu! ugliness dformits |tis f ugly dformis |is |e, turpis |is |e uh-oh! (when taken by surprise) attat!; attatae! umbrella umbella |ae f umpire arbiter |r m (ra |rae f) unanimous nanimis |is |e

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Conversational Latin United States (of America) nt Stats (Americae) (gen: ntrum Statuum) mpl; Cvtts |um fpl Foedertae Americae universe niversum | n, niversits |tis f university (studirum) niversits |tis f unpleasant inicundus |a |um unprovoked ultr unrestrained effrntus |a |um, effsus |a |um unstable nstabilis |is |e unsteady (tottering) cadcus |a |um unsubscribe (comput) cessre until conj dnec until prep sque ad (+ acc) untrustworthy nfdus |a |um up srsum; up in the air (in uncertainty) in medi relictus |a |um; be up in the air (to be undecided) pende pendre pepend; up till now antehc upbringing ducti |nis f uphill adj acclvis |is |e; have an uphill struggle clv labrre uphill adv adversus clvum, in collem upholstery tmentum | n uproar tumultus |s m; be in an uproar tumultur ups and downs: he has his ups and downs e modo bene, modo male est; there are ups and downs est modo sc, modo sc upset adj commtus |a |um; dont be upset nl (pl: nlte) perturbr upset s (at the polls) offnsi |nis f; suffer an upset offnsinem fer ferre tul ltus

unanimously n vce, omnibus sententis unattractive invenustus |a |um uncle (fathers brother) patruus | m; (mothers brother) avunculus | m uncontrolled effrntus |a |um uncouth horridus |a |um underbrush dmta |rum npl underpants brcae |rum fpl interirs underpass viaeductus |s m undershirt (worn by both sexes) subcula |ae f understand intelleg |ere intellx intellctus; do you understand now? iam tens?; I dont quite understand nn satis intelleg; ego is understood if I should say, sum philosophus subaudtur ego s dcam sum philosophus undertaker pollnctor |ris m (rx |rcis f) underwear subcula |ae f undress exu exuere exu extus; get undressed s exuere, vestimenta exuere uneducated inrudtus |a |um, indoctus |a |um unfair inquus |a |um unfairly inqu unfaithful nfidlis |is |e unfriendly inimcus |a |um ungrateful ingrtus |a |um unhappiness nflcits |tis f unhappy nflx |cis [single-ending adj] uniform rntus |s m; in uniform subrntus |a |um; military uniform rntus |s m mlitris

General Vocabulary upset tr commove |re commv commtus, perturbre upsetting: that was more upsetting to me than to you illud mihi mir stomach erat quam tibi upside down: everything was upside down omnia erant srsum deorsum; turn upside down srsum deorsum versre upstairs (direction) srsum; (position) in superire tabult; go upstairs scls (or per scls) ascend |ere |; the upstairs domus |s f superior upstairs bedroom cubiculum | n superius urge s anim impetus |s m urge tr urge |re urs URL niversle Rrum Loctrum | n, nscrpti |nis f interrtilis use s its no use licet; make the best use of optim tor t sus sum (+ abl); whats the use? quid opus est? use tr tor t sus sum (+ abl); (e.g. a word in a sentence) pn pnere posu positus; use leg in a sentence pne leg in sententi. usual adj solitus |a |um; you were wrong as usual errbs ut solbs (or ex cnsuetdine tu) usually plrumque utter adj ttus |a |um utter tr mitt |ere ms missus, prfer prferre prtul prltus; she never uttered a word nullum verbum msit. agere; summer vacation friae aestvae, vacti aestva vaccinate vaccnre vaccination vaccnti |nis f vaccine vaccnum | n

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vacuum cleaner pulveris haurtrium | n valley valls (or vallis) |is f valuable pretisus |a |um; be valuable pretium habre vampire sanguisga |ae m various varius |a |um vary varire VCR magntoscopium | n veal vitulna |ae f vegetable holus |eris n [also collective for vegetables] vegetable garden hortus | m holitrius vegetarian holerrius |a |um Veii Vi |rum mpl veil vlum | n vein vna |ae f; in a similar vein ad similem sententiam Venetian blinds trnsenna |ae f volbilis; open (close, let down, raise aperre, claudere, dmittere, subvolvere) venison vnti |nis f verb s verbum | n verbal verblis |is |e verdict sententia |ae f; give a guilty verdict condemntriam sententiam fer ferre tul ltus; give a verdict of acquittal absoltriam sententiam ferre vertebra vertebra |ae f very admodum, vald; very good optimus |a |um; very good!

V
vacation vacti |nis f, friae |rum fpl; at the end of vacation fris percts; be on vacation fritus |a |um esse; spend the vacation fris

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Conversational Latin violin fdicula |ae f, violna |ae f; play the violin violn can canere cecin violinist violnista |ae m (ria |riae f) virtual vrus |a |um virtually propemodum visit vs |ere | |us, vsitre; go to visit, pay a visit to vsere visitor hospes |itis mf vitamin vitamnum | n vocabulary vocbula |rum npl, cpia |ae f verbrum vocative s voctvus | m, csus |s m voctvus voice s vx, vcis f; (of a verb) genus |eris n; what voice is audmur? passive cius generis est audmur? passv [NOTEgenus, in connection with nouns and adjectives means gender, and in connection with verbs means voice] volleyball follis |is m voltilis; (game) lsus |s m follis voltilis; play volleyball folle voltil ldere (see Chapter V) volt vltium | n volunteer intr (mil) sponte nmen dare; volunteer to do s.th. aliquid ultr facere volunteer s voluntrius | m (a |ae f); (mil) mls |itis mf voluntrius (|a) vomit vom |ere |u vomitum vote intr suffrgium fer ferre tul ltus; (of a senator) cnse |re |u; vote for suffrgr (+ dat); vote for s.o.s motion (of an individual senator) in alicius sententiam e re i or v vote s suffrgium | n; a vote was taken on his motion (in the senate by moving to one side of the chamber) discessi facta est in eius sententiam; call for a vote (in the

optim!; very well! (in agreement) fiat! vestibule vstibulum | n veteran veternus | m (a |ae f), meritus | m (a |ae f) veterinarian veterinrius | m (a |ae f) veto s intercessi |nis f; interpose a veto intercd |ere intercess veto tr intercd |ere intercess (+ dat) vice vitium | n, prvits |tis f; (tool) retinculum | n vice principal see principal victorious victor |ris m, victrx |cis f; be victorious vinc |ere vc victory victria |ae f; gain (or win) a victory victriam adipscor | adeptus sum; gain (or win) a victory over the enemy victriam reportre ab hoste video cassette casta |ae f magntoscopica; listen to (play) a video cassette audi |re |v or |i |tus (volv |ere |) castam magntoscopiam video cassette recorder (VCR) magntoscopium | n video game lsus |s m magntoscopicus; play video games lss magntocopics ldere videotape taeniola |ae f magntoscopica vigorous alacer |ris |re villa vlla |ae f village vcus | m vinegar actum | n vinegar bottle actbulum | n violence violentia |ae f violent violentus |a |um

General Vocabulary senate) discessinem facere; cast a vote suffrgium fer ferre tul ltus; give s.o. a vote of confidence alicui calculum album fer ferre tul ltus voter suffrgtor |tris m (trx |trcis f) voting booth saeptum | n vowel voclis |is f vulture vultur |uris m (see bird) wallet pra |ae f

403

wallop (coll) percolopre; get walloped vapulre wallow voltor |r |tus sum walnut iglns |andis f waltz intr saltre in gyrum waltz s saltti |nis f in gyrum want cupi |ere cupv cuptus; vol velle volu; now what do you want? quid nunc tibi vs? war (against or with) bellum | n (contr or adversus (+ acc) or cum (+ abl); be involved in a war bell implicr; bring a war to a successful conclusion bellum cnfici |ere cnfc cnfectus; carry on war with bellum ger |ere gess gestus cum (+ abl); cause a war bellum move |re mv mtus; civil war bellum cvle or domesticum; conduct a war (of a general) bellum administrre; declare war on bellum indc |ere indx indictus (+ dat); drag out a war bellum trah |ere trax tractus; end a war bellum perfici |ere perfc perfectus; fight a war with bellum ger |ere gess gestus cum (+ abl); fight a war of aggression with bellum or arma ultr nfer nferre intul illtus (+ dat); foreign war bellum externum; go off to war proficscor | profectus sum ad bellum; go to war with bellum nfer nferre intul illtus (+ dat); guerilla war bellum clandestnum; in war bell, bell tempore; in war and in peace pce bellque; offensive war (of war yet to be begun) bellum ultr nferendum; (of war already begun) bellum ultr illtum; prepare for war bellum (com)parre; start a war with bellum ine |re |v or |i cum (+ abl); stir up a war bellum

W
waffle vflum | n wages mercs |dis f; receive (fair, good, low, poor, unfair) wages (aequam, magnam, parvam, inquam) mercdem accipere; pay wages mercdem tribu |ere | wagon carrus | m; (for agricultural purposes) plaustrum | n wait exspectre; wait a minute, please! man; man dum, quaes!; wait for exspectre (+ acc); wait on ministrre (+ dat); wait on tables ministrre waiter minister |r m waiting room oecus | m praestltrius waitress ministra |ae f wake up tr ( somn) excitre intr expergscor | experrectus sum; vigilre walk intr ambulre; walk up and down dambulre walk s (act) dambulti |nis f; (place) ambulcrum | n; go for a walk dambulre, dambultum e re v wall mrus | m; (inner or outer wall of a house) paris, parietis m; walls (of a town) moenia |ium npl wall clock hrologium | n parietrium

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Conversational Latin time and effort labrem ac tempora perdere waste basket scirpiculus | m chartrius watch s hrologium | n watch tr (guard) custdi |re |v |tus; (observe) spectre, observre; hey you, watch out! heus t, cav! water s aqua |ae f water pipe fistula |ae f aquria water-ski intr per summs unds nartre water-ski s narta |ae f aquatica (see Chapter V) water tr (flowers, etc.) adaqure waterfall cataracta |ae f watering can nassiterna |ae f watermelon mlopep |nis m watt vattium | n wave a flag vexillum quassre wax cra |ae f wax tr incerre wax paper charta |ae f crta

incitre; take part in a war bellum capess |ere; terminate a war by diplomacy bellum compn |ere composu compositus; wage war with bellum ger |ere gess gestus cum (+ abl); war against pirates bellum prticum; war against slaves bellum servle; war is imminent bellum imminet or impendet or nstat; war of extermination bellum internecnum; war breaks out bellum exrdscit wardrobe (place to keep clothes) vestirium | n; (clothes) vestimenta |rum npl warehouse apothca |ae f wares mercs |ium fpl warfare bellum | n, mlitia |ae f warm adj (quite warm) calidus |a |um; (lukewarm) tepidus |a |um; (fig) fervidus |a |um; it is getting warm tepscit warm tr calefacere, tepefacere warm-hearted amns |antis warmly dressed spisss vestibus involtus |a |um

way (road) via |ae f; (route) iter, itineris n; (manner) modus | m; all the way from sque ab (+ abl); all warm-up exercitti |nis f the way to sque ad (+ acc); be a long way off long distre; be in the warship nvis |is f bellica way obvius |a |um esse; (to hinder) wash s lavandria |rum npl obst |stre |stet; be on the way to wash tr lav |re lv lautus intr iter habre ad (+ acc); by the way obiter; by way of vi (+ gen); get lavr, s lavre out of the way! Apage!; have it washcloth drappus | m lavtrius your way! est ut lubet!; have ones washer, washmachine mchina |ae f own way rs pr arbitri ger |ere lavtria gess; he must always have his own way semper faciendum est quod vult; wasp vespa |ae f if its not too much out of the way waste s (of time, money) iactra |ae f for you s tibi nn sn dvium erit; waste tr (time, effort) perd |ere perdid Im in a bad way mihi male est; in perditus; Im wasting my time the same way edem mod; is that frustr tempus conter; waste ones the way you help me? istcine pact m adiuvs?; no way! null mod; breath (fig) operam perdere; waste

General Vocabulary on ones way inter vis; what is the quickest (best) way to ? quae est via brevissima (optima) ad (+ acc)? weak nfirmus |a |um, imbcillus |a |um, invalidus |a |um; weak constitution tenuis valetd |inis f; weak voice exlis vx, vcis f wealth dvitiae |rum fpl wealthy dves |itis weapons (offensive) tla |rum npl; (defensive) arma |rum npl wear ger |ere gess gestus, gestre; (wear regularly) tor t sus sum (+ abl); wearing a belt zn incnctus |a |um; wear out (clothes, a person) conter |ere contrv contrtus weasel mustla |ae f

405

n; wedding reception convvium | n nptile wedding s nptiae |rum fpl Wednesday dis | m Mercuri week hebdomas, hebdomadis f, septimna |ae f weekday dis | m prfstus weekend fnis |is m hebdomadis; on the weekend exeunte hebdomade weekly adv (every week) singuls hebdomadibus weekly hebdomadlis |s |e; weekly newspaper dirium | n hebdomadle; weekly wages mercs |cdis f per singuls hebdomads solta

weather conditions tempestts |um fpl well interj em, imm, qun; (be it so) est; well, well enim vr weather forecast praenntiti |nis f well-born honestus |a |um tempesttis, praesgium | n well-heeled bene aertus |a |um tempesttis weather report renntiti |nis f tempesttis web rte |is n website situs |s m interrtilis wedding adj nptilis |is |e; wedding day dis | m nptirum; wedding gown vestis |is m nptilis; wedding present nptile dnum | well-off bene aertus |a |um

weight lifting sublti |nis f ponderis weather s (good or bad) tempests |tis welcome adj grtus |a |um; welcome! f, caelum | n; kinds of weather adventus tuus grtissimus est! or tempestts; owing to changes in the salv!; youre welcome libenter weather propter cael varietts; welcome tr benign excipi |cipere beautiful (clear, cloudless, cloudy, |cp |ceptus fine, foul, lousy, rainy) weather egregia (clra, sda, nebulsa serna, well adj salvus |a |um; get well again convalsc |ere convalu foeda, spurca, pluvisa) tempests well adv bene, rct; I am doing well weather tr weather the storm mihi bene est; well done! factum procellam drre; (fig) rs adverss optim!; well said! fact dictum! superre

well-mannered bene mrtus |a |um west occidns |entis m; in the west ab occidente; to the west in occidentem versus [versus is an adverb] western occidentlis |is |e westward in occidentem versus [versus is an adverb]

406 west wind Zephyrus | m whack (coll) percolopre whale balaena |ae f

Conversational Latin whiff s (slight smell) odor |ris m; get a wiff of subole |re |u while conj dum (with pres indic to indicate an action going on in the past) while s after a little while paul post; a little while before paul ante; a short while ago paul ante while tr while away the time fall |ere fefell tempus whimper (of pups) ganni |re whine plorre whip s flagellum | n whip tr flagellre; whip out ripi |ere |u reptus whipped cream crmum | n batttum whipping: get a whipping vapulre whiskers vibrissae |rum fpl whisky vischium | n whisper s susurrus | m whisper tr & intr susurrre whistle s (sound) sibilus | m; (pipe) fistula |ae f; blow the whistle fistul sibilre; final (starting) whistle fnlis (initilis) sibilus (see Chapter V) whistle tr whistle a tune fistult re can |ere cecin intr sibilre; (of the wind) strde |re | white albus |a |um; (shiny white) candidus |a |um; white bread pnis |is m candidus who quis, cius; who are you? quis t hom es?; who is he (she)? quis hom est?; who is it? its I. quis hom est? ego sum; who says so? quis hoc dcit factum?; who the devil quis malum whoa! eho!

what quid, cius; what about me? quid d m?; what about the dough (money)? quid d argent?; what a mess! eu edepol rs turbulents!; what do you take me for? for a fool? pr qu m habs? pr stult?; what else quid amplius; quid aliud; what else can I do for you? quid est quod tibi efficere possum amplius?; what for? quam ob rem? or qu caus? what is it? (whats the probem?) quid est negt?; what is it? out with it! quid id est? cedo!; what (is the trouble) now? quid iam?; what kind of qulis |is |e; what next? quid deinde? what sort of qulis |is |e; whats it to me how you quid istuc ad m attinet, qumodo t (+ subj)?; whats that? (what did you say?) quid id est?; whats that to you? quid ad t attinet?; whats the matter? quid est?; whats the reason why quid est quod (+ indic); whats up? quid re est?; whats wrong? quid est? whatever quidquid; whatever! quidvs! wheat trticum | n wheel rota |ae f wheelbarrow pab |nis m wheelchair sella |ae f rotlis when conj cum, quand, ubi, ut; (interrog) quand? whenever quandcumque, utcumque, quotins, quotiscumque where (direction) qu; (position) ubi; from where unde; where are you from? unde es?; where on earth ubi terrrum; ubinam gentium

General Vocabulary whole ttus |a |um, cnctus |a |um; taken as a whole in summam wholesale magnrius |a |um wholesaler magnrius | m (a |ae f) whole-wheat bread autoprus | m why (interj) qun; why, this very day qun hodi why (interrog) cr, quam ob rem, qu caus, qur; why is it that quid est quod (+ indic); why not? (challenging what has been said) quid ita nn? (as an expression of assent: of course) quippin? or quidn?; why say more? quid plra?; why so? because quid ita? quia ; why the devil cr malum wicked improbus |a |um wickedness improbits |tis f wide ltus |a |um widen tr dlatre intr (of a country) s pand |ere width ltitd |inis f; in width in ltitdinem wife uxor |ris f wig capillmentum | n wild (animal) ferus |a |um; (growing in the wild) agrestis |is |e; (uncontrolled) effertus |a |um willing: be willing vol velle volu willy-nilly nlns volns wily dolsus |a |um, subdolus |a |um, vafer |fra |frum win s victria |ae f; a win on points praevalentia |ae f pnctrum concilire intr vincere; win out (prevail) paevale |re |u

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wind (a clock, watch) intend |dere |d |tus or |sus wind ventus | m; head wind ventus adversus; tail wind ventus secundus; wind storm procella |ae f; I got wind of it long ago iam prdem id mihi subolbat winding flexusus |a |um; winding route ambitus |s m window (an opening for light and air, closed by shutters) fenestra |ae f; (glass window) fenestra vitrea; (comput) fenestella |ae f window pane vitrum | n fenestrae, quadrum | n vitreum window seat sds |is f fenestrlis windpipe artria |ae f aspera windshield vitrum | n antierium windshield wiper vitritergium | n windy ventsus |a |um wine vnum | n (dry austrum; sweet dulce; red sanguineum; light tenue; white album) wine cellar cellrium | n vnrium wine glass hyalus | m vnrius wing (of a bird, of an army) la |ae f; (of a building) latus |eris n wink nictre; wink at nictre (+ dat) winter adj hbernus |a |um winter s hiems |is f; at the beginning of winter hieme ineunte; at the end of winter hieme exeunte; because of the severity of the winter propter hiemis magnitdinem; spend the winter hiemre; winter time tempus |oris n hiemle

win tr vinc |ere vc victus; (office) adsequor | adsectus sum, adipscor | adeptus sum; win a battle proeli vincere; win a bet sponsine vincere; win a case in court iudici vincere; win over (sibi) wire flum | n

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Conversational Latin word processor (comput) programma |atis n ditrium word s verbum | n; (gram) dicti |nis f; [NoteIn Roman grammars, verbum is used only for verb]; break ones word fidem frang |ere, frg; give ones word fidem dare; in a word breviter, ad summam; I want a word with you paucs t vol; keep ones word fidem servre; syllables form words syllabae faciunt dictins; why should I take your word for it? cr tibi crdam?; word for word verbum pr verb; word of honor fids |e f; words fail me mihi verba dsunt; you took the words right out of my mouth t quidem ex re rtinem mihi ripuist wordy verbsus |a |um work labor |ris m, opera |ae f; (piece of work, literary work) opus |eris n work tr (to exercise) exerce |re |u |itus; (the soil) col |ere |u cultus; (a machine) administrre intr labrre, operr; (to function) fungor | fnctus sum worker operrius m (a |ae f) workshop officna |ae f world mundus | m; (earth) orbis |is m terrrum; where in the world? ubi terrrum?; where in the world are we? ubinam gentium sumus?; worst poet in the world pessimus pota omnium world war bellum | n mundnum World Wide Web (WWW) Tla |ae f Ttus Terrae (TTT) worm vermis |is m; (earth worm) lumbrcus | m worn out (person) fatigtus |a |um; (clothes) trtus |a |um

wise guy! impudns! dont be a wise guy! n ss impudns! wish cupi |ere |v |tus, optre; wish earnestly exoptre wish s (act of wishing) optti |nis f; (object wished) opttum | n; according to your wishes secundum volunttem tuam; I give you three wishes trs opttins tibi d witch sagana |ae f, striga |ae f; the witches are howling strigae strdent witchcraft ars |tis f magica without sine (+ abl) witness testis |is mf (for pr + abl; against in + acc); be called as a witness contestor |r |tus sum; trustworthy witness testis locupls (gen: testis locupltis) m wolf lupus | m, lupa |ae f; wolves howl lup ululant wolf cub lupae catulus | m woman mulier |eris f; old woman anus |s f; young woman muliercula |ae f womb uterus | m; (belly) venter |tris m wonder s and no wonder nec mrum; seven wonders of the world septem mrcula mund wonder tr mror |r |tus sum; I wonder whats up mror, quid hoc sit negt; I wonder where he is ubi sit dmror wonderful (ad)mrbilis |is |e wooden spoon coclear |ris n coquinrium woodpecker pcus | m (see bird) woods silva |ae f wool lna |ae f woollen lneus |a |um

General Vocabulary worry cra |ae f, sollicitd |inis f worry tr sollicitre intr sollicitr; dont worry! nl (pl: nlte) sollicitr! worse pior |or |us; dterior |or |us; (more severe) gravior |or |ius; get worse ingravsc |ere; make matters worse rs exasperre; turn out for the worse in pirem partem vertor vert versus sum worth: hes worth a lot of money dvitis maxims habet; hes worth nothing nihil est; it isnt worth it nn est operae pretium; its not worth all that tant nn est worthless intilis |is |e; (containing nothing of value) innis |is |e; (person) nequam [indecl]; worthless fellow nequissimus hom |inis m worthlessness innits |tis f worthwhile: it is worthwhile operae pretium est worthy (of) dignus |a |um (+ abl) wow! (in shocked surprise) vh!; hui!; (in astonishment) papae!; babae!; vah! wrap s amictus |s m wrap tr involv |ere | involtus; wrap up obvolvere wrapper involcrum | n wreath corna |ae f wrestle luctor |r |tus sum (see Chapter V) wrestler lucttor |ris m wrestling luctti |nis f wrestling match certmen |inis n lucttinis wrinkle rga |ae f wrinkled rgsus |a |um

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wrist prmris manus |s f; sleeves reaching all the way to the wrists manicae prlixae sque in primrs mans wrist bone carpus | m wrist watch hrologium | n armillre write tr scrb scrbere scrps scrptus; write a book librum cnscrb |scrbere |scrps; write a program (comput) programma compn |ere composu compositus; write Latin Latn scrbere writer scrptor |ris m, scrptrx |cis f writing (act) scrpti |nis f; (result) scrptum | n, scrptra |ae f; writings scrpta |rum npl writing paper charta |ae f epistulris wrong adj (incorrect, mistaken) falsus |a |um; (faulty) vitisus |a |um; (unfair) inquus |a |um; (morally) nefas [indecl]; be wrong errre; if I have done anything wrong, Im sorry s quid perperam fc, m paenitet; whats wrong with you? quid est tibi? or quid est tcum? wrong adv perperam

Y
yard rea |ae f doms; (measure) ulna |ae f; back yard rea postca yawn scitre, hire year: annus | m; a hundred years from now ad centum anns; at the beginning of the year ineunte ann, prncipi ann; at the end of the year exeunte ann; a year from now ad annum; every year quotanns; for a year in annum; in my twenty-first year annum prmum et vcsimum agns |entis ego ; I wish you a happy New Year Novum Annum laetum tibi exopt; last year ann

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Conversational Latin young boy puerculus | m young daughter fliola |ae f young lady muliercula |ae f young man adulscns |entis m; (between approximately the ages of 20 and 40) iuvenis |is m young son fliolus | m youngster adulscentulus | m (a |ae f) your tuus |a |um, vester |ra |rum youth (age) adulscentia |ae f (between puer and iuvenis, between 15 and 30 years and even beyond); (young men collectively) iuvents |tis f; (young person) iuvenis |is mf youthful iuvenlis |is |e; iuvenis |is |e

superire; the following year proximus annus; the previous year superior annus; twice a year bis (in) ann; up in years aette prvectus |a |um yearn for dsderre yell intr ululre; (in pain) iulre yell s ulultus |s m; (in pain) iulti |nis f yellow flvus |a |um; deep yellow fulvus |a |um; pale yellow lridus |a |um, gilvus |a |um yellowish subflvus |a |um yes etiam, sn, ita, imm; I say yes; you say no ego ai; t negs (see Appendix I) yesterday her; the day before yesterday nudius tertius [adv, also written as one word] yipes! (to express surprise, fear, dismay) eheu! yippee! (to express joy, elation) ehem! yokel rsticus | m (a |ae f) you t; (pl: vs) you see (parenthetical) enim young parvus |a |um (nt), parvulus |a |um (nt); younger inior |or |us; minor |or |us (nt); youngest minimus |a |um (nt)

Z
zeal studium | n zealous studisus |a |um zero zerum | n zig-zag tortusus |a |um; zig-zag streets anfrcts |uum mpl virum zip code numerus | m cursulis (or drctrius) zipper clausra |ae f tractilis zoo vvrium | n