Adenohypophysis

Cell Type Product Target/ Action Stimulation Inhibition % of Clinical

Pituitary
Somatotrophs GH -Adipocytes-↑ lipolysis GH-RH, Somatostatin 50 Hyposecretion-short stature
(GH/Prolactin (somatotrophin) -Hepatocytes-↑ IGF Neuronal (GH-inhibiting Hypersecretion
family) -Somatic Cells-↑ protein hormone or SRIF) -pre puberty-gigantism
synthesis (via IGF-1) -post puberty-acromegaly
-Chondrocytes, Myoblasts-↑
mitosis (via IGF-1)
Lactotrophs Prolactin (PRL) Mammary gland/alveolar cells- Suckling Dopamine (PIF) 10-25 HyperS- d/t prolactinoma
(GH/Prolactin ↑ milk TRH (most common tumor)-gonadal
family) dysfxn, galactorrhea in m&f

Corticptrophs ACTH Adrenal cortex-↑ glucocorticoid CRH (-) feedback from 15-20 HyposS-2° adrenal
(POMC family) synth adrenal hormones insufficiency
HyperS-Cushing’s Dz
Gonadotrophs FSH, Ovaries-follicle devo, ↑E GnRH (+) & (-) feedback 10-15 F-anorexia, obesity, stress,
(Glycoprotein Testis(Sertoli)-↑ gametogenesis from sex steroids athletics can lead to ↓
family) LH Ovaries-follicle maturation and gonadotrophin secretion and
ovulation, forms CL (↑E, oligo/amenorrhea
Progesterone) M-X-linked disorder causes ↓
Testis(Leydig cells)-↑ GnRH –eunichoid appearance,
testosterone tall stature (b/c ∅T to close
growth plates)
Thryotrophs TSH Thyroid Follicular Cells-↑ TRH Somatostatin <10 Hypothyroidism
(Glycoprotein Iodine uptake, ↑T3, T4 -Children-Cretinism
family) -Adults-Myxedema
Goiter (d/t ↑TSH)
Hyperthyroidism-Grave’s dz
Neurohypophysis
Cell Type Product Target/ Action Stimulation Inhibition Clinical

Magnocellular Oxytocin Female Suckling,

Neurons of -Uterus SM-Cx for parturition parturition,
supraoptic and -Myoepithelial cells of Breast- stress
paraventricular Cx for milk ejection
nuclei of Male
hypothalamus -Prostate-expel prostatic
secretions at ejaculation
ADH(Vasopressin) -Nephron Collecting Duct-↑ Osmoreceptors Osmoreceptors HypoS-(Central Diabetes
H2O permeability (↑ H2O in hypothalamus in hypothalamus Isipidus)-↑urine, thirsty
reabsorption) –measure solute –measure solute HyperS-(Syndrome of
-Vascular SM-vasoconstriction levels levels Inappropriate ADH-SIADH)-
Nausea Alcohol concentrated urine,
hyponatremia