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Course Contents
Basic units of SDH multiplexer General Description of HiT 7070/ HiT7060 /HiT7035 Functionality of Modules Hardware / Software installation
Installation of Cards TNMS CT (LCT) and OSI Stack setup Commissioning of HiT
Understanding Alarm Generation and Alarm Handling Performance Analysis Creation of services Testing / Trouble shooting Card Replacement
General Description of HiT 7070 / HiT 7060 / HiT 7035 Siemens new range of equipment that makes the promise of Next Generation SDH a reality: the SURPASS hiT 70 series. This platform provides the flexibility of true packet switching and Ethernet transport, while operating with the inherent reliability of SDH. Multiple network elements are integrated and consolidated into a single compact unit. The efficiency of this approach, together with extensive use of highly integrated components allows the SURPASS hiT 70 series to be offered at lower costs than current solutions. Data + Voice = SURPASS hiT 70 series
General Description of HiT 7070 / HiT 7060 / HiT 7035 (Enabling Technologies)
Following are the key enabling technologies for SURPASS hiT 70 series : 1) Generic Framing Procedure (GFP) 2) Virtual Concatenation (VC, a standard way of packing lower bandwidth circuits into SDH/SONET frames) 3) Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS) 4) Ethernet Functions
General Description of HiT 7070 / HiT 7060 / HiT 7035 (Enabling Technologies/ GFP)
GFP/G.7041 provides a framing procedure for octet-aligned, variablelength payloads for subsequent mapping into SDH VC-groups. GFP differs from other packet mappings (e.g., Packet over SONET) because it is Layer 2 independent and maintains the Layer-2 header information, in a manner such that the destination node may reproduce the entire stream of Layer-2 frames. This in turn, allows the transport network to transparently connect two Layer-2 devices
General Description of HiT 7070 / HiT 7060 / HiT 7035 (Enabling Technologies/ Virtual Concatenation)
In order to transport payloads exceeding the payload capacity of the standard set of Virtual Container Group (VC-group), Virtual Concatenation was defined. There are two types of concatenations defined in ITU standards: contiguous concatenation and virtual concatenation Contiguous concatenation was conceived to accommodate highspeed data applications that use protocols such as ATM. The ITU defined contiguously concatenated containers only support certain rates including: STM-4c, STM-16c and STM-64c The basic idea of Virtual concatenation (VC) is to create a finer granularity of payloads than contiguous concatenation can offer. Carriers can map any arbitrary bandwidth to a corresponding and appropriate number of VC-12 or VC-3 or VC-4 channels. The benefit of VC is that little bandwidth is wasted and carriers now have a more efficient scenario for carrying data over the SDH/SONET network
General Description of HiT 7070 / HiT 7060 / HiT 7035 (Enabling Technologies/ LCAS)
LCAS is a protocol to synchronize the re-sizing of a virtual concatenation group in use, so it can be changed without corrupting packets in the process. LCAS provides automatic recovery of a link after member failures LCAS builds on Virtual Concatenation. While the virtual concatenation is a simple labeling of individual VC/VT members within a virtual concatenation group, LCAS is a two-way signaling protocol that runs continuously between the two ends of the pipe and ensures that commands from the network management system to alter the pipe capacity do not impair the users traffic
General Description of HiT 7070 / HiT 7060 / HiT 7035 (Enabling Technologies/ LCAS)
Layer 2 Ethernet functions implemented in the system typically include the following:
1. Layer 2 aggregation and switching function 2. 802.1p QoS/CoS based on Ethernet port and/or VLAN 3. Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) acc. IEEE802.1w to provide Layer 2 traffic resiliency mechanism 4. Rate limiting function at per port or per VLAN basis, the maximum allowable rate per port or per VLAN is user provisionable 5. VLAN function 6. Ethernet Shared Ring (ESR) 7. Services acc. ITU-T G.8011 8. Services acc. MEF Ethernet Service Definition
General Description of HiT 7070 / HiT 7060 / HiT 7035 (hiT 7070 Overview)
Subrack Types Double-row subrack (DC) Single-row subrack (SC) Extension shelves Metro WDM OADM (Lambda Shelf) Booster/Preamplifier shelf DCM shelf PDH extension shelf (microshelf) Switch Matrices Double-row subrack: Fully non-blocking switching matrix 160 Gbit/s switching capacity with VC-4 granularity Single-row subrack: Fully non-blocking switching matrix 110 Gbit/s switching capacity with VC-4 granularity Fully non-blocking switching matrix with VC-12 and VC-3 granularity Packet fabric for Resilient Package Rings with 2.5 Gbit/s capacity Interface Types Electrical traffic interfaces: 2 Mbit/s, STM-1 Optical traffic interfaces: STM-1/4/16/64, 40 Gbit/s optical traffic interface,2,5 Gbit/s colored interface, 10 Gbit/s colored interface, 10 Gbit/s colored interface (long haul) with FEC Ethernet interfaces: 10/100/1000 BaseT, 1000BaseLX/SX via GFP-F
General Description of HiT 7070 / HiT 7060 / HiT 7035 (hiT 7070 Overview)
NE features Automatic SW download, plug and play on a per card and port granularity Auto link detection Virtual concatenation (VC-3, VC-4, VC-12) and contiguous concatenation VC-4 Engineering order wire (EOW) Configurable squelch tables Protection MSP (1+1) for STM-1/4/16/64 MSP (1:1) for STM-1/4 1+1 port protection for STM-1/4/16/64 optical and for STM-1 electrical 1+1 protection of switching matrices 1:N card protection for 2 Mbit/s SNCP 4-fiber shared ring (BSHR-4) for STM-16/64 2-fiber and multiple 2-fiber shared ring protection for STM16/64 (BSHR2) Ethernet Functionality Generic Framing Procedure GFP-F (ITU-T G.7041) GFP mapping and GFP sub-channeling for Ethernet traffic Ethernet flow control and traffic shaping adjustable in steps of 1 Mbit/s Up to 8 virtual concatenated groups at the 10/100 BaseT board and up to 4 virtual concatenated groups at the GbE boards
General Description of HiT 7070 / HiT 7060 / HiT 7035 (hiT 7060 Overview)
SURPASS hiT 7060 employs an innovative dual TDM/Data plane design, with large SONET/SDH high-order cross-connect capacity (70G) and substantial low-order cross connect (5G) capacity. This feature enables dynamic allocation of platform bandwidth for TDM, IP and ATM traffic flows. The L2 data module provides L2 switching and aggregation functions. SURPASS hiT 7060 supports a rich variety of client data interfaces including 10/100M FE/FX, GE, and ATM. The system supports IP/Ethernet, Layer 2 switching, RPR, and ATM PVC switching functions, providing highly efficient data transport SURPASS hiT 7060 supports a wide range of SONET/SDH/PDH interfaces from high speed optical interfaces OC-48/STM-16 to optical/electrical interfaces of OC-3/STM-1, DS3/E3, 1.5Mb/s, and 2Mb/s. It provides a full suite of SONET/SDH functions including mapping, multiplexing, crossconnection, various protection schemes such as MS-SP Ring, SNCP, MSP, DNI, etc., Virtual Concatenation (VCAT), contiguous concatenation (VC-44c and VC-4-16c) and Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS)
General Description of HiT 7070 / HiT 7060 / HiT 7035 (hiT 7035 Overview)
SURPASS hiT 7035 is a compact carrier class full blown STM-4/-1 add-drop-multiplexer which can be upgraded to a compact STM-16 ADM. SURPASS hiT 7035 supports core equipment protection with no single point of failure, and PDH electrical protection. SURPASS hiT 7035 offers a High Order cross connection capacity upto 15.2G and a Low Order cross connection capacity up to 5G. SURPASS hiT 7035 supports the complete range of PDH and SDH interfaces ranging from E1, E3/DS3, STM-1 el./opt. to STM-4 and even STM-16. It provides a full suite of SDH functions including mapping, multiplexing, cross-connection and various protection schemes
Functionality of Modules
The slots 307 and 308 are dedicated for: High Order switching fabric SF160G The slots 214 and 215 are dedicated for Synchronous Equipment Timing Source: Central Clock Unit (CLU) The card slot 314 is dedicated for: System Controller and Overhead Unit (SCOH) BSHR/4: For BSHR/4 protection up to two groups can be configured. The first group occupies slots 303, 304, 305, 306 For the second group following slots are reserved 309, 310, 311, 312 In the slot 303 and / or 309 Ring West Worker card shall be configured In the slot 304 and / or 310 Ring West Protecting card shall be configured In the slot 305 and / or 311 Ring East Worker card shall be configured In the slot 306 and / or 312 Ring East Protecting card shall be configured MSP 1+1: For the MSP 1+1 protection the following pairs of slots are reserved The card in the slot 301 is a Worker Card and the card in the slot 302 is a Protecting Card for the card in the slot 301 The card in the slot 303 is a Worker Card and the card in the slot 304 is a Protecting Card for the card in the slot 303 The card in the slot 305 is a Worker Card and the card in the slot 306 is a Protecting Card for the card in the slot 305 The card in the slot 307 is a Worker Card and the card in the slot 308 is a Protecting Card for the card in the slot 307 The card in the slot 309 is a Worker Card and the card in the slot 310 is a Protecting Card for the card in the slot 309 The card in the slot 311 is a Worker Card and the card in the slot 312 is a Protecting Card for the card in the slot 311
NCT Mode:
The Network Craft Terminal (NCT) is used for local or remote management of network elements. In addition to the LCT functions, the monitoring of all the alarms reported from each accessible network element is allowed. The NCT can communicate with a maximum of 150 network elements (including alarm monitoring). Up to 50 element managers or up to five MSN Managers may be open at the same time only.
3. 4.
Hardware / Software Installation (Commissioning of hiT 70xx series) Check Read / Write Status
Start up and login TNMS CT client session. Startup hiT element manager application. Check the write access Write access allows the user to perform configuration changes. Only one user can have write access to the NE at the same time. In case the NE is in read only mode, request write access to that NE by selectiing <Security><Request Write Access>
Hardware / Software Installation (Commissioning of hiT 70xx series) Change LCT/NCT password
The default password is NEPASSWORD. It should be changed as soon as possible. Change the LCT/NCT NE password by selecting <Security><Change Password>
Hardware / Software Installation (Commissioning of hiT 70xx series) Enter Location and Name
The NE Name must be entered before you can set the hiT to ACTIVE STATE. Enter NE name, location and application type by selecting <Module View><NE/ Subrack><Configuration><Network Element>
Hardware / Software Installation (Commissioning of hiT 70xx series) Set the NE time and date
Set NE Date and Time by selecting <Module View> <NE/ Sub rack> The internal clock of the operating system controls date and time. The network element time is configured with an offset relative to GMT
Hardware / Software Installation (Commissioning of hiT 70xx series) Set MCF stack parameters
The NSAP address (Network Service Access Point) must be specified before hand on the basis of a network plan so that na individual address is assigned to each NE For the case of hiT 7060 and hiT 7035 IP address is specified instead of NSAP
Hardware / Software Installation (Commissioning of hiT 70xx series) Enter the Sub rack data
Specific customer identification data can be entered for the sub rack. Enter sub rack data by selecting <Module View><NE / Sub rack><Configuration><Sub rack> <Customer Specific>
Hardware / Software Installation (Commissioning of hiT 70xx series) Set the NE to operation
Switch NE to the Operation state by selecting <NE state> <Set to Operation> The NE specific data are uploaded to the element manager
Hardware / Software Installation (Commissioning of hiT 70xx series) Set Alarm severity threshold
By selecting the Warning option, you will ensure that all alarms will be displayed Set the alarm severity threshold and the toolbar display by selecting <Options> < Settings>
Hardware / Software Installation (Commissioning of hiT 70xx series) Configure DCC channels
Configuring the DCC channels is a precondition for inter-element communication Configure the DCC channels by selecting <Module View> <SCOH> <Configuration> <MCF><DCC><Configuration>
Hardware / Software Installation (Commissioning of hiT 70xx series) Configure Module features
The card user label is intended for entering network specific information about the card. Cofigure the module features by selection <Module View><[Module name]><Configuration><Card>
Hardware / Software Installation (Commissioning of hiT 70xx series) Configure Traffic flow features
Depending on the selected module (card) and traffic flow symbol, various supervision parameters related to that card can be configured Configure traffic flow features by selecting <Module View><[interface module name]><[symbol in the port list]><Subview><[traffic flow symbol]><configuration>
Hardware / Software Installation (Commissioning of hiT 70xx series) Perform Back up of NE database The procedure to create VCDB backup will be covered in the next section
Cleaning of fan modules and accompanying dust at regular intervals is another must in routine maintenance In hiT 7070 there are two fan modules (with dust filters) one at the top and one at the bottom of the rack In hiT 7060 there is one fan module at the bottom of the chassis. The fan working status is indicated at the interface panel. Each fan assembly is replaceable when the system is in service In hiT 7035 also there is one fan module at the bottom of the chassis. The fan working status is indicated at the interface panel. Each fan assembly is replaceable when the system is in service
Basic Information:
The failures and the failure processing are differentiated in two failure classes: transmission failures and equipment failures
Failures are reported via the QST management interface to the OS and may also lead to alarm indications at the TNMS Any alarm message (raised alarm or cleared alarm) is saved in an alarm log in order to provide an alarm history. Furthermore a list of current alarms is kept for every NE and is updated according to changes reported by the respective NE
Regenerator Section:
B1 in RSOH
One BIP-8 code word (1 byte) is provided for bit error monitoring. This code word is generated over all bits in the STM-N frame after scrambling. The BIP-8 byte is subsequently inserted in the allocated position B1 of the RSOH in the next frame before scrambling starts. this byte is evaluated and regenerated in every multiplexer and regenerator
Multiplexer Section:
B2 in the MSOH
A BIP-N x 24 code word (N x 3 bytes) is provided for error monitoring on the individual multiplexer sections. This BIP-N x 24 code cord is generated prior to scrambling over the entire STM-N frame, but not on the first 3 rows of the SOH. The N x 3-byte BIP-N24 x 24 code word is inserted prior to scrambling in the N x 3 bytes B2 provided for this purpose in the MSOH of the next frame. These B2 bytes are not modified in the regenerator
ESR=(4+2)/10=60%
1 1 1 2 2 2 3 4 3 4
NO SES
NO SES
SES
SESR=2/10=20%
1 1 1 2 2 2 3 4 3 4
NOT ES
NOT SES
SES
BBER=8/(10*8)=10%
1 1 1 2 2 2 3 4 3 4
NOT SES
SES
10
11
UAS
SES
Bi-directional cross-connections:
In a bi-directional cross-connection, bi-directional termination points are linked together
Broadcast cross-connection:
A broadcast cross-connection is a special arrangement of a number of unidirectional crossconnections that have the same "source" termination point. Broadcast cross-connections are only possible without protection
Deactivation of the IF2M Card Protection on HiT7070 sub rack and micro shelf. (Duration: 10 minutes).
Reason: Deactivation of IF2M Card Protection is needed in order to upgrade all IF2M modules in each slots. Modules should be available without protection scheme
After swapping of APS software the NE will go into IDLE and Maintenance State. Verify/Check the APS software in the active side if that is the new version. Then afterwards, download the NE-VCDB that you save from the step #3. (Duration: 15 minutes)
Reason: Downloading of the database is needed in order to restore the complete configuration of the HiT7070.
7.
Duration of procedure is dependent on the number of cards available in each HiT7070, all HIT7070 with micro shelf will need additional time on uploading and downloading process.