BAB 2 ASAS PENGGUNAAN DAN PENYELENGGARAAN KOMPUTER

2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Peraturan dan Etika Penggunaan ICT Aplikasi Microsoft Words Aplikasi Microsoft Excell Aplikasi Microsoft PowerPoint Aplikasi dan Capaian Internet Pengetahuan asas penyelenggaraan komputer

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2.1 Peraturan dan Etika Penggunaan ICT

Pemasangan, penempatan, penggunaan, dan penjagaan kelengkapan ICT hendaklah mengikut peraturan dan etika seperti: Keselamatan Fizikal

Keselamatan Perisian

Peralatan ICT Ruang

Keselamatan Rangkaian Dan Komunikasi Peraturan dan Etika Penggunaan

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Bahagian Luaran Bahagian Dalaman

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KESELAMATAN FIZIKAL
Peralatan ICT Bekalan elektrik yang stabil Lightning Arrestor - melindungi pancaran kilat. Perkakasan komputer dan rangkaian perlu dipasangkan UPS dan Surge Arrestor bagi menstabilkan bekalan elektrik disamping dapat mencegah daripada kemusnahan data/ maklumat. Perlu disimpan atau diletakkan di tempat yang sesuai dan terkawal. Alatan ICT tidak boleh diletakkan pada tempat yang berhampiran dengan saluran paip atau dibawah alatan yang boleh menghasilkan air seperti alat penghawa dingin. Ruang Ruang tidak terlalu sempit. Adanya kawalan keselamatan lain seperti smoke detector. Mengunakan kaedah penghawa dingin yang dipasang dari lantai bagi mengelak air penghawa dingin menitik diatas komputer atau lain-lain kaedah yang bersesuaian untuk bilik server dan bilik switch. Tahap pencahayaan yang sesuai perlu diambil kira bagi mengelakkan cahaya yang terlalu gelap mahupun terlalu terang. Memastikan bilangan Power Socket yang mencukupi. Semua kerja-kerja pendawaian perlu diperkemaskan mengunakan saluran trunking yang sesuai. Memastikan alat litar pintas yang terkawal atau yang asing dipasang bagi mengelakkan kebakaran besar berlaku. 3
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Keselamatan Perisian
Bahagian Luaran

Perlu menyediakan system backup yang baik bagi menjamin data penting disimpan dengan selamat. Backup tape perlu disimpan dalam ruang yang selamat daripada bencana kebakaran. Tape dan disket untuk perisian yang asal perlu disimpan ditempat yang selamat. Perisian yang ada perlu dipastikan mempunyai kawalan capaian perisian yang sesuai bagi mengelakkan data/ maklumat daripada terpadam. Setiap perisian perlu mempunyai lesen perisian yang sah dari segi undangundang. Bagi mengelakan pencerobohan data/maklumat daripada berlaku, password administrator perlu selalu kerap diubah. Perisian-perisian antivirus yang terkini perlu disediakan bagi mengelakkan serangan virus computer. Pengguna tidak boleh membenarkan pengguna lain menggunakan akaunnya untuk memasuki sebarang sistem. Bertanggungjawab terhadap keselamatan data/ maklumat masing-masing.

Bahagian Dalaman

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Keselamatan Rangkaian Dan Komunikasi

Sebarang perisian yang boleh menceroboh keselamatan rangkaian dan komunikasi tidak dibenarkan penggunaannya Menyediakan firewall dan Intrusion Detection System (IDS) atau Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) sebagai salah satu kaedah keselamatan komputer dari pencerobohan dan gangguan rangkaian. Menyediakan perisian antivirus yang berkesan bagi mengawal penyebaran virus komputer.
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Peraturan dan Etika Penggunaan

Perisian tidak boleh disalahgunakan seperti :

Pengguna dilarang untuk memuat turun perisianperisian bukan untuk tujuan akademik. Bagi mengelakkan daripada kecurian komputer :

menggunakan kemudahan perisian universiti bagi tujuan yang tidak bermoral dan tidak berfaedah. membuat salinan perisian yang berlesen kecuali mendapat kebenaran.

Semua electronic mail yang dibina atau disimpan di dalam sistem boleh dicapai dengan selamat

Peralatan-peralatan komputer tidak boleh diletakkan di kawasan laluan umum dan bilik tanpa ciri-ciri keselamatan. Guna pelekat Hak Milik Persendirian/?????. Semua peralatan ICT mestilah berada dalam tahap kawalan dan keselamatan yang sempurna.

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Using Productivity Applications

Productivity applications are software programs which allow you to do word processing, manage spreadsheets and databases, and create presentations. Some of the productivity applications in use at The University of the West Indies are:
Microsoft Word - word processor: create an outline, write a rough draft, improve the quality of your writing by using spell/grammar checker Microsoft Excel - spreadsheets: analyze data, create charts, represent data in your report Microsoft PowerPoint - presentations: present your report to a large audience

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All of these applications have similar features which function more or less in the same way. Here are some of the main features: Open an application 1. Go to Start then Programs then Application 2. Click on the Application icon or shortcut Typical Elements of a menu bar 1. File 2. Edit 3. View 4. Insert 5. Data 6. Format 7. Tools 8. Table 9. Window 10. Help Toolbars The toolbars provide a shortcut way for carrying out certain functions. 1. Standard 2. Formatting 3. Borders 4. Drawing

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Close an Application 1. Select File from the main menu and choose Exit from the File menu 2. Click on the X icon on the top right corner of the screen Open a document 1. Select File from the main menu 2. Select Open from the File menu to go the Open window 3. Locate the file 4. Highlight the file 5. Click Open Save a document 1. Select File from the main menu 2. Select Save or Save As from the File menu to go the Save As window 3. Locate the folder to which the file is to be saved or create a new one 4. Type the filename 5. Click Save Close a document 1. Select File from the main menu 2. Select Close from the File menu

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Create a new document 1. Select File from the main menu 2. Select New from the File menu

Highlight Text 1. Position cursor at the beginning of text 2. Holding the left button of the mouse down move the mouse to the end of text
Cut and Paste (to move text from one point and insert elsewhere) 1. Highlight text to be copied 2. Select Edit from the main menu 3. Choose Cut from the Edit menu 4. Go to new insertion point 5. Select Edit from the main menu 6. Choose Paste from the Edit menu Copy and Paste (to copy text from one point and insert elsewhere) 1. Highlight text to be copied 2. Select Edit from the main menu 3. Choose Copy from the Edit menu 4. Go to new insertion point 5. Select Edit from the main menu 6. Choose Paste from the Edit menu
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Find (to locate words or text) 1. Select Edit from the main menu 2. Choose Find from the Edit menu 3. Type word or text to be found 4. Choose the More button to match case or whole words etc. 5. Select Find Next Replace (to replace words or text that are repetitive in a document) 1. Select Edit from the main menu 2. Choose Replace from the Edit menu 3. Type word or text to be found in the Find What section 4. Type word or text to replace existing word or text in the Replace With section 5. Choose the More button to match case or whole words etc. 6. Choose Replace for one occurrence or Replace All for multiple occurrences Formatting - involves changes to the layout and look of the text. You can change the page setup, font style and size, bold, italic, underline, indentation, add bullets, borders, and headers.

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Change Fonts 1. Highlight the text to be changed 2. Select Format from the main menu 3. Choose Font from the Format menu to open the Font window 4. Select the Font tab 5. Choose the Font e.g. Times New Roman, Arial 6. Choose the Font Style e.g. regular, bold, italics 7. Choose the Size e.g. 10 or 12 8. Choose the Underline option e.g. double, dash 9. Choose the Colour option e.g. black, red 10. Choose the Effects option e.g. superscript, shadow 11. Select OK to execute the changes Bullet Lines of Text 1. Highlight text 2. Select Format from the main menu 3. Choose Bullets and Numbering from the Format menu 4. Select the Bulleted tab 5. Choose the bulleting format 6. Select OK to execute bulleting of text

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Number Lines of Text 1. Highlight text 2. Select Format from the main menu 3. Choose Bullets and Numbering from the Format menu 4. Select the Numbered tab 5. Choose the numbering format 6. Select OK to execute numbering of text Headers and Footers A header is text that appears at the top of each page and is used for such information as title and chapter name. A footer is text that appears at the bottom of each page and is used for information such as page number. To create a header or footer 1. Select View form the main menu 2. Choose Header and Footer from the View menu to open the Header and Footer toolbar 3. Select the header or footer area by clicking on the Switch Between Header and Footer button 4. Type and format text in the header or footer area 5. To insert page number, current date or current time, click the appropriate button 6. Select the Close button to execute the header or footer
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Align Text 1. Select File from the main menu 2. Choose Page Setup from the File menu 3. Select the Layout tab 4. Choose Vertical Alignment (top, centre or justified) and Apply To Create Columns 1. Highlight text 2. Select Format from the main menu 3. Choose Columns from the Format menu 4. Select options for Presets, Number of Columns, Width and Spacing and Apply To 5. Choose OK to execute columns Spelling and Grammar 1. Position cursor at the beginning of the document 2. Select Tools from the main menu 3. Select Spelling and Grammar form the Tools menu 4. Ignore or Change words or phrases as suggestions are made 5. Close when check is completed Create Tables 1. Select Table from the main menu 2. Choose Insert Table from the Table menu 3. Select options for Number of Columns, Number of Rows and Autoformat (formats for table) 4. Choose OK to insert table into document
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Graphics To insert a Picture or Clipart: 1. Select Insert from the main menu 2. Choose Picture from the Insert menu 3. Select source of picture (File, Clipart, WordArt) 4. Choose picture 5. Select Insert 6. Choose Close to add picture to document To position (wrap) text with graphics: 1. Select picture 2. Choose Format from main menu 3. Select Picture from Format menu 4. Choose Position tab 5. Check the Float Over Text check box 6. Select the Wrapping tab 7. Choose the Wrapping Style and Wrap To options Drawing Toolbar - allows you to draw autoshapes, create text boxes, add lines, colour and background to documents.

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Print Preview shows you how the layout is for printing allows you to view multiple pages by selecting the Multiple Pages button and zoom in on document by selecting size on the Zoom bar allows you to make changes to the document by clicking the Magnifier button to go to edit mode 1. Select File from the main menu 2. Choose Print Preview 3. Select Close to return to normal view Print 1. Select File from the main menu 2. Choose Print from the File menu 3. Select options for Print Name, Page Range (All, Current Page, Selection, Pages e.g. 3-4) and Copies (Number of Copies, Collation) 4. Select OK to print document or selected text

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2.2 Aplikasi Microsoft Words

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2.3 Aplikasi Microsoft Excell

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2.4 Aplikasi Microsoft PowerPoint

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2.5 Aplikasi dan Capaian Internet

What is the Internet? The Internet is the well-known internetwork (connected networks) which is a collection of local, regional, national and international computer networks that are linked together to exchange data and distribute processing tasks. It connects millions of computers and provides information to people worldwide. What is WWW? The World Wide Web (WWW or the Web) is a subset of the Internet that uses text, animation, graphics, sound and video to deliver information. The pages on the World Wide Web are constructed mainly using Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). This special language allows pages to link to each other and for connectivity between individual web sites all over the world. What is a Web Site? A website is a virtual location that you can visit to view information in the form of web pages. Therefore a web site is composed of one or more web pages.

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What is a URL? Each web page is stored as a separate file and referred to by a unique address known as the Uniform Resource Locator or URL. http://www.mainlib.uwi.library.tt/catalogue.html What is a Hyperlink? A web page may include one or more hyperlinks which point to other pages. These hyperlinks are text or graphic that conceal the address (URL) of a website. It allows you to move from your present location to the URL specified by the hyperlink. What is a Web Browser? A web browser is an application which provides users with a single, all-purpose tool for accessing the Internet and its resources. Web browsers are used to view web pages, transfer files between computers, access information, send e-mail and interact with other Internet users. The University of the West Indies uses Internet Explorer but another popular browser in use today is Netscape Navigator. The web browser's menu and toolbars help you to navigate the WWW as you follow hyperlinks. The browser: Stores a list of pages you visit - History Displays the list of pages you visit as links Stores a list of your favourite websites - Favourites, Bookmarks

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What is a Search Engine? A search engine lets you search for information by typing one or more words. The engine then displays a list of web pages that contain information related to your words. A popular search engine for the world Wide Web is Google. (URL - http:\\www.google.com.my)

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2.6

Pengetahuan asas penyelenggaraan komputer

Perisian(Software) Perkakasan(Hardware)

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Penyelenggaraan Perisian

Konsep asas penyenggaraan perisian Pengetahuaan penyenggaraan perisian Model penyenggaraan perisian Proses penyenggaraan perisian Pengurusan penyenggaraan Pendekatan pangkalan data Rekabentuk pembantu penyelenggaraan perisian
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Penyelenggaran Perkakasan

Masalah tiada paparan pada Monitor Jika komputer anda mengalami masalah tiada paparan, ia mungkin disebabkan: Monitor tidak dihidupkan. Kabel monitor tidak disambungkan dengan sempurna ke CPU Konfigurasi sistem paparan tidak betul Tiada POST(Power On Self Test) Masalah daripada kerosakan perkakasan IT
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