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COMMANDDESCRIPTIONSystem Informationarchshow architecture of machineuname -rshow used kernel versiondmidecode -qshow hardware system components - (SMBIOS /DMI)hdaparm -i /dev/hdadisplays the characteristics of a hard-disk hdparm -tT /dev/sdaperform test reading on a hard-disk cat /proc/cpuinfoshow information CPU infocat /proc/interruptsshow interruptscat /proc/meminfoverify memory usecat /proc/swapsshow file(s) swapcat /proc/versionshow version of the kernelcat /proc/net/devshow network adpters and statisticscat /proc/mountsshow mounted file system(s)lspci -tvdisplay PCI deviceslsusb -tvshow USB devicesdateshow system datecal 2007show the timetable of 2007date 041217002007.00set date and time -MonthDayhoursMinutesYear.Secondi
clock -wsave changes on BIOSShutdown, Restart of a system and Logoutshutdown -h nowshutdown systeminit 0shutdown -r hours:minutes &planned shutdown of the systemshutdown -ccancel a planned shutdown of the systemshutdown -r nowrebootrebootlogoutleaving sessionFiles and Directorycd /homeenter to directory '/ home'cd ..go back one levelcd ../..go back two levelscdgo to home directorycd ~utentego to home directorycd -go to previous directory pwdshow the path of work directorylsview files of directoryls -Fview files of directoryls -lshow details of files and directoryls -ashow hidden files
ls *[0-9]*show files and directory containing numberslstreeshow files and directories in a tree starting from rootmkdir dir1create a directory called 'dir1'mkdir dir1 dir2create two directories simultaneouslymkdir -p /tmp/dir1/dir2create a directory treerm -f file1delete file called 'file1'rmdir dir1 delete directory called 'dir1'rm -rf dir1remove a directory called 'dir1' and contentsrecursivelyrm -rf dir1 dir2remove two directories and their contents recursivelymv dir1 new_dirrename / move a file or directorycp file1 file2copying a filecp dir/* .copy all files of a directory within the current work directorycp -a /tmp/dir1 .copy a directory within the current work directorycp -a dir1 dir2copy a directoryln -s file1 lnk1 create a symbolic link to file or directoryln file1 lnk1create a physical link to file or directorytouch -t 0712250000 fileditestmodify timestamp of a file or directory -(YYMMDDhhmm)File Searchfind / -name file1search file and directory into root filesystem from '/'find / -user user1search files and directories belonging to 'user1'
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