IUPAC NOMENCLATURE : SOME BASIC RULES

1. The four components of IUPAC name are:

Prefix(subst) Word root(meth, eth, etc) Pri. Suffix (ane/ene/yne) Sec Suffix(main group) [Note : if the name of sec. suffix starts with a vowel then pri suffix will be : an / en / yn ]

2. locate the longest carbon chain by giving the preference as : functional group > double bond > triple bond > substituent / side chain 3. follow lowest some rule also 4. In a molecule the main group will be named as suffix. All the other groups will be written alphabetically as prefixes 5. Prefix and suffix names of the functional groups with decreasing priority: Sl Class of Functional Structural Prefix Suffix No Compound Group formula 1 Sulphonic - SO3H sulphonic Acid acid 2 Carboxylic - COOH carboxy oic acid Acid 3 Acid oic Anhydride CO.O.COanhydride 4 Ester - COOR alkoxy oate carbonyl 5 Acid Halides - COX haloformyl oyl halide 6 Amides -CONH2 carbamoyl amide 7 Nitriles - CN cyano nitrile 8 Aldehyde - CHO formyl al 9 Ketone >C=O oxo / keto one 10 Alcohol - OH hydroxy ol 11 Amines - NH2 amino amine
The following groups are always treated as substituent / side chain ( prefix) and written alphabetically Group Name(Prefix) - Br Bromo - Cl Chloro - OCH2CH3 Ethoxy -F Fluoro -I Iodo - OCH3 Methoxy - NO2 Nitro - NO Nitroso