(CHE 005): Organic Chemistry Laboratory

Student Activity Sheet Module #7

Name:______________________________________________ Class Number:_____________

Section:_______________________ Schedule:_____________ Date:____________________

Lesson title: ORGANIC NOMENCLATURE (Part II) Materials:

Lesson Objectives: SAS
At the end of this module, I should be able to: References:
1. Name some organic compounds as per IUPAC rules. https://people.ok.ubc.ca/pshipley/
2. Identify the molecules given certain structural and skeletal teaching/chem203/worksheets/
formulae. nomenclature.pdf
3. Recognize and draw structures of functional groups.
http://www.chem.uiuc.edu/
GenChemReferences/
nomenclature_rules.html

http://web.mnstate.edu/jasperse/
Chem350/Handouts/Functional
%20Groups.pdf

Productivity Tip:
Know the prefix, suffix and the root
Remember the rules.
Make sure to study the examples.
Know the symbols of functional groups

A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW

1) Introduction
Welcome back to organic chemistry basics naming part 2 ! In part 1, we looked at how to name
a simple alkanes, alkynes and alkenes with one and branched substituents and with functional groups
like halogen, alcohol and ether. Let us review some carbon identifiers by giving the prefix of alkane with
the following number of carbons:
________1. 11 carbon
________2. 7 carbon
________3. 4 carbon
Given a condensed structure, how would you know whether it is an alkane, alkene or alkyne?
Given a skeletal structure, how will you identify the molecule ? To know if your responses are correct,
kindly go to the last page.

Activity 1: What I Know Chart, Part 1

Do you know anything about aldehydes, amines , carboxylic acids and esters? Try answering the
questions below by writing your ideas under the first column What I Know. It’s okay if you write key
words or phrases that you think are related to the questions.

What I Know Questions: What I Learned (Activity 4)

What are aldehydes, amines,
CA and esters?
How do we name them?

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 (CHE 005): Organic Chemistry Laboratory
Student Activity Sheet Module #7

B. MAIN LESSON

1) Activity 2: Content Notes

The IUPAC rule was highlighted in part 1 and it stays in part 2 of naming compounds. But this time, we
will learn how to name aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acid , esters and amines. Aja!

Aldehydes
Aldehydes are named by replacing the suffix -ane with -anal. If there is more than one -CHO group, the
suffix is expanded to include a prefix that indicates the number of -CHO groups present (-anedial -
there should not be more than 2 of these groups on the parent chain as they must occur at the ends). It
is not necessary to indicate the position of the -CHO group because this group will be at the end of the
parent chain and its carbon is automatically assigned as C-1.

Here is an important list of rules to follow:

a. The carbonyl group takes precedence over alkyl groups and halogen substituents, as well as
double bonds, in the numbering of the parent chain.
b. When both double bonds and carbonyl groups are present, the -en suffix follows the parent
chain directly and the -al suffix follows the -en suffix (notice that the e is left off, -en instead of -
ene). The location of the double bond(s) is(are) indicated before the parent name as before, and
the -al suffix follows the -en suffix directly. Remember it is not necessary to specify the location
of the carbonyl group because it will automatically be carbon #1. See below for examples.
Again, the carbonyl gets priority in the numbering of the parent chain.
c. There are a couple of common names which are acceptable as IUPAC names. They are shown
in the examples at the end of this list but at this point these names will not be accepted by the
computer. Eventually they will be accepted.
d. If there is a choice in numbering not previously covered, the parent chain is numbered to give
the substituents the lowest number at the first point of difference.

Here are some examples:

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 (CHE 005): Organic Chemistry Laboratory
Student Activity Sheet Module #7

Ketones
Ketones are named by replacing the suffix -ane with -anone. If there is more than one carbonyl
group (C=O), the suffix is expanded to include a prefix that indicates the number of carbonyl
groups present (-anedione, -anetrione, etc.). The position of the carbonyl group(s) on the
parent chain is(are) indicated by placing the number(s) corresponding to the location(s) on the
parent chain directly in front of the base name (same as alkenes).

Here is an important list of rules to follow:

e. The carbonyl group takes precedence over alkyl groups and halogen substituents, as well as
double bonds, in the numbering of the parent chain.
f. When both double bonds and carbonyl groups are present, the -en suffix follows the parent
chain directly and the -one suffix follows the -en suffix (notice that the e is left off, -en instead of
-ene). The location of the double bond(s) is(are) indicated before the parent name as before,
and the location of the carbonyl group(s) is(are) indicated between the -en and -one suffixes.
See below for examples. Again, the carbonyl gets priority in the numbering of the parent chain.
g. If there is a choice in numbering not previously covered, the parent chain is numbered to give
the substituents the lowest number at the first point of difference.

Here are some examples:

Carboxylic Acids
Carboxylic acids are named by counting the number of carbons in the longest continuous chain
including the carboxyl group and by replacing the suffix -ane of the corresponding alkane with -anoic
acid. If there are two -COOH groups, the suffix is expanded to include a prefix that indicates the
number of -COOH groups present (-anedioic acid - there should not be more than 2 of these groups
on the parent chain as they must occur at the ends). It is not necessary to indicate the position of the -
COOH group because this group will be at the end of the parent chain and its carbon is automatically
assigned as C-1.

Here is an important list of rules to follow:

h. The carboxyl group takes precedence over alkyl groups and halogen substituents, as well as
double bonds, in the numbering of the parent chain.
i. If the carboxyl group is attached to a ring the parent ring is named and the suffix -carboxylic acid
is added.
j. When both double bonds and carboxyl groups are present, the -en suffix follows the parent
chain directly and the -oic acid suffix follows the -en suffix (notice that the e is left off, -

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 (CHE 005): Organic Chemistry Laboratory
Student Activity Sheet Module #7

en instead of -ene). The location of the double bond(s) is(are) indicated before the parent name
as before, and the -oic acid suffix follows the -en suffix directly. Remember it is not necessary to
specify the location of the carboxyl group because it will automatically be carbon #1. See below
for examples. Again, the carboxyl gets priority in the numbering of the parent chain.
k. There are several common names which are acceptable as IUPAC names. They are shown in
the examples at the end of this list but at this point these names will not be accepted by the
computer. Eventually they will be accepted.
l. If there is a choice in numbering not previously covered, the parent chain is numbered to give
the substituents the lowest number at the first point of difference.

Here are some examples:

Esters
Systematic names of esters are based on the name of the corresponding carboxylic acid.
Remember esters look like this:

The alkyl group is named like a substituent using the -yl ending. This is followed by a space.
The acyl portion of the name (what is left over) is named by replacing the -ic acid suffix of the
corresponding carboxylic acid with -ate.

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 (CHE 005): Organic Chemistry Laboratory
Student Activity Sheet Module #7

Here are some examples:

Amines
You are only expected to know how to name amines by their common names . They are named like
ethers, the alkyl (R) groups attached to the nitrogen are put in alphabetical order with no spaces
between the names and these are followed by the word amine. The prefixes di- and tri- are used if two
or three of the alkyl groups are the same.
NOTE: Some books put spaces between the parts of the name, but we will not. Follow the examples.

Here are some examples:

Summary of functional groups

Functional group Prefix Suffix

carboxylic acids none -oic acid
aldehydes none -al
ketones none -one
alcohols hydroxy- -ol
amines amino- -amine
ethers alkoxy- -ether
fluorine fluoro- none
chlorine chloro- none
bromine bromo- none
iodine iodo- none

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It is noteworthy to have this all the time. R represents the parent chain.

Alkane CH3CH3

Alkene CH2 CH2

Alkyne HC CH

Alkyl Halide R-halogen

Aromatic

Alcohol R-OH

Phenol

Ether R-O-R

Aldehyde RCH=O

Ketone

Acid RCOOH

Ester RCOOR

Anhydride (RCO)2O

Amide RCONH2

Nitrile RCN

Amine R-NH2

2) Activity 3: Skill-building Activities

A. Answer what is required. You will either name the compound once the structural formula is given or
draw the structural formula once the name of the compound is given.

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 (CHE 005): Organic Chemistry Laboratory
Student Activity Sheet Module #7

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 (CHE 005): Organic Chemistry Laboratory
Student Activity Sheet Module #7

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 (CHE 005): Organic Chemistry Laboratory
Student Activity Sheet Module #7

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 (CHE 005): Organic Chemistry Laboratory
Student Activity Sheet Module #7

3) Activity 4: What I Know Chart, Part 2

It’s time to answer the questions in the What I Know chart in Activity 1. Log in your answers in the table.

4) Activity 5: Check for Understanding

A. MULTIPLE CHOICE: Circle the letter of the best answer ( 1 point each).
1. Identify this compound .

a. 2,3,4, triethylpentane c. 2,3,4- trimethylpentane

b. trimethyl 2,3,4-pentane d. 4,3,2-trimethylpentane

For items 2-5, name the molecule below based on the IUPAC nomenclature rules.
2.

a. Hex-3-yne c. both a and b

b. 3-hexyne d. yne hexane 3

3.

a. 3- methyl-2 butene c. 2-methyl-2-butene

b. 2-methy-butane d. 2, methy, 2 butene

4.

a. Cyclopentane c. cyclopentene
b. 2 cyclopentene d. 1 cyclopentene

5.

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a. 3 -methyl-1-4 heptene c. 3-methyl-1-4 heptadiene

b. 3-methyl-2-3 heptadiene d. both a and b

B. IDENTIFICATION( 1 point each)

6-8 Identify the following molecules

6._____________________ 7.__________________________ 8.
_________________________

For items 9-11, name the molecules below

9. ____________________
10.________________________ 11. _________________________

For items 12-15, specify the names of the structures below.

12. _______________________________________ 13.

_______________________________________

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Student Activity Sheet Module #7

14. ______________________________________ 15.

_____________________________________

WRAP UP LESSON

You made it again! Cheers! Shade the number of the module that you finished.

Did you have challenges learning the concepts in this module? If none, which parts of the module helped you
learn the concepts?

________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

Some question/s I want to ask my teacher about this module is/are:

________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

FAQs

KEY TO CORRECTIONS

Answers to Skill-Building Exercises

For Day 16( sample answers)
1. 2,4 dichloro,1-trichloro hexane

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2. 2-bromo, 4-propyl, 1-trichloro hexane

( sample answers)
1, 1,2 ethyne
2. cyclohexane
Answers to Checking for Understanding:
1.c 11. 3-methy pentanone
2.c 12. Ethyl propanoate
3.c 13. Propyl methanoate
4.c 14. Methyl butanoate
5.a 15. Propyl ethanoate
6. methyl amine
7.dimethyl amine
8. trimethyl amine
9. propanone
10. butanone

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