Female Reproductive System

Anatomy

By
Dr: Mohammed Faez
 Female Reproductive System
• The reproductive tract
in women is contained
mainly in the pelvic
cavity and perineum.
• It is divided to:
– External genitalia
– Internal genitalia
 Female External Genitalia
Vulva is the term given to
the female external
genitalia.
The vulva includes:
– Mons pubis
– Labia majora
– Labia minora
– Clitoris
– Urethral opening
– Vaginal opening
– Perineum
 MONS PUBIS
• The triangular mound of fatty tissue that
covers the pubic bone
• It protects the pubic symphysis.
• During adolescence sex hormones trigger the
growth of pubic hair on the mons pubis.
• Hair varies in coarseness curliness, amount,
color and thickness.

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 LABIA MAJORA
• The outer lip-like structure
• They have a darker pigmentation
• The Labia Majora:
– Protect the introitus and urethral openings
– Are covered with hair and sebaceous glands
– Become flaccid with age and after childbirth

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 LABIA MINORA
• Referred to as the “inner lips”
• Made up of erectile, connective tissue that
darkens and swells during sexual arousal.
• Located inside the labia majora.
• They are more sensitive and responsive to
touch than the labia majora.
• The labia minora tightens during
intercourse.
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 CLITORIS
• The small penis-like structure.
• Highly sensitive organ composed of nerves, blood
vessels, and erectile tissue
• Located under the prepuce
• It is made up of a shaft and a glans.
• Becomes engorged with blood during sexual
stimulation.
• Key to sexual pleasure for most women.
• Urethral opening is located directly below
clitoris
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 VAGINAL OPENING
INTROITUS
• A mucous membrane
normally covers the
opening into the vagina,
called the hymen.
• Using the presence of an
intact hymen for
determining virginity is
erroneous.
• Some women are born
without hymens.
• Posterior to the vaginal
opening are the two
Bartholin’s glands.

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 PERINEUM
• The muscle and tissue located between the vaginal
opening and anal canal.
• It supports and surrounds the lower parts of the
urinary and digestive tracts.
• The perinium contains an abundance of nerve
endings that make it sensitive to touch.

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 Female Internal Genitalia
The internal genitalia
consists of the:
• Vagina
• Cervix
• Uterus
• Fallopian Tubes
• Ovaries
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 VAGINA
• It is a distensible fibromuscular
tube that extends from the
perineum through the pelvic
floor and into the pelvic cavity
• It measures approximately 8–
12 cm in length.
• It extends from the vestibule
to the uterus, and is situated
behind the bladder and in
front of the rectum.
• It is directed upward and
backward.
• Its axis forming with that of
the uterus an angle of over
90°, opening forward.

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 VAGINA
• The anterior wall of the
vagina is related to the
base of the bladder and
to the urethra; in fact,
the urethra is
embedded in, or fused
to, the anterior vaginal
wall.
• Posteriorly, the vagina is
related principally to
the rectum.
 VAGINA
• The vaginal fornix is the
recess formed between
the margin of the cervix
and the vaginal wall.
Based on position, the
fornix is subdivided into
a posterior fornix, an
anterior fornix, and two
lateral fornices.

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 VAGINA
Blood Supply
• The blood supply to the
vagina is from the vaginal
artery (branch of the
internal iliac artery) and the
vaginal branch of the
uterine artery.
Lymphatic drainage
• Lymph from the upper
vagina drains into the
internal and external iliac
nodes.
• Lymph from the lower
vagina drains to the
superficial inguinal nodes
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 Uterus
• The uterus is a thick-walled
muscular organ in the
midline between the
bladder and rectum.
• It consists of a body and a
cervix.
• Inferiorly it joins the
vagina.
• Superiorly, uterine tubes
project laterally from the
uterus and open into the
peritoneal cavity
immediately adjacent to the
ovaries.

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 Uterus
• The body of the uterus is
flattened
anteroposteriorly and
above the level of origin
of the uterine tubes it has
a rounded superior end
(fundus of uterus).
• The cavity of the body of
the uterus is a narrow slit,
when viewed laterally.
• It is shaped like an
inverted triangle, when
viewed anteriorly.
 Uterus
• Each of the superior
corners of the cavity is
continuous with the
lumen of a uterine tube;
the inferior corner is
continuous with the
central canal of the cervix
• The body of the uterus
normally arches forward
(anteflexed on the cervix)
over the superior surface
of the emptied bladder
 Uterus
• The cervix forms the
inferior part of the uterus
and is shaped like a short,
broad cylinder with a
narrow central channel.
• The cervix is angled
forward (anteverted) on
the vagina so that the
inferior end of the cervix
projects into the upper
anterior aspect of the
vagina.
 Relations of Uterine
Anteriorly
• The uterus and cervix are
related to the uterovesical
pouch and superior surface
of the bladder.
Posteriorly
• The uterus is related to the
recto-uterine pouch (of
douglas), which extends
down as far as the posterior
fornix of the vagina.
Laterally: the broad ligament
 Uterus
Blood supply
• The uterine artery (a branch
of the internal iliac artery)
Lymph drainage
• Lymphatics from the fundus
accompany the ovarian
artery and drain into the
para-aortic nodes.
• Lymphatics from the body
and cervix drain to the
internal and external iliac
lymph nodes.
Uterus
 The ovary
• The ovaries are the sites of
egg production (oogenesis).
• Like the testes in men.
• The ovaries lie adjacent to
the lateral pelvic wall just
inferior to the pelvic inlet.
• Each of the two almond-
shaped ovaries is about 3
cm long and is suspended
by a mesentery (the
mesovarium) from the
posterior aspect of the
broad ligament.
 The ovary
Blood supply Lymphatic drainage
• The ovarian artery (a branch • To the para-aortic nodes
of the abdominal aorta)

Venous drainage
• To the inferior vena cava on
the right and to the left
renal vein on the left.
The ovary