DIP Chapter 1 - Introduction

1/21/2009
Dr. Hojeij youssef, Digital image processing and analysis Dr. Hojeij youssef, Digital image processing and analysis
Digital image processing

Chapter 1 : introduction
Chapter 1
What are images The acquisition of an image Visual system Color space Visibility human CIE color model HSV system (Hue saturation value) Numerical images
1/21/2009
What are images

An image is a (measured) physical quantity as a function of position
Radiation intensity: X-ray, UV, visible, IR Acoustical wave Surface height and depth: radar, triangulation, scanning probe
2-D images I(x,y)

Projection of a 3-D scene onto a 2-D sensor
3-D images: I(x,y,z)

CT: Computerized tomography MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Optical sectioning in (confocal) microscopy Seismic images (after inversion)
Conversion of the continuous world into a digital representation
What are images

A picture is primarily a signal 2D (x, y). Often, this image represents reality 3D (x, y, z). From a mathematical point of view :
An image is a matrix of numbers representing a signal. Several tools to manipulate the signal.
From a human point of view :

An image contains several semantic information. We must interpret the content beyond the numbers.
1/21/2009
What are images

Images types :
Natural image : Several acquisition camera, microscope, tomography, infra-red , Artificial image : Several tools representation computer graphics, virtual reality, scientific visualization, ...
Natural image
Artificial image
Artificial image
5
What are images

Images types :
Three main types of images : Color images Grayscale images Binary images
Color images
Grayscale images
Binary images
1/21/2009
The acquisition of an image

Energy Filter Power in Housing Sensing materiel Voltage wave form out KAF-1600 Kodak
Object /Scene
Camera
Filter
Digital image
General principle :
The incident energy is converted into electrical Signal output is proportional to the light Filter to increase the selectivity
The acquisition of an image

CCD digital cameras
Matrix CCD (Charged Coupled Devices) Digital acquisition system most used 2D The response is proportional to the integral of energy light reaching each element For color, it uses three sensors per pixel response to of different wavelengths (red, green and blue )
1/21/2009
Visual system
A visible light, X-Ray, TV, And Radio Waves, etc Are all forms of electromagnetic energy which travels in waves
Color space
We can theoretically create any color by using the 3 color : Red, Green and Blue(RGB)
Additive color synthesis Red
Magenta
Subtractive color synthesis
Blue
Green
Blue
cyan
Green
Yellow
10
1/21/2009
Visibility human
The human eye does not address the same way every color. It is more sensitive to green
11
CIE color model

The RGB system represent some negative components to create color, for that the CIE (International Commission on illumination) creates the XYZ colors.
12
1/21/2009
HSV system (Hue saturation value)

The HSV model is commonly used in computer graphics applications. In various application contexts, a user must choose a color to be applied to a particular graphical element. When used in this way, the HSV color wheel is often used. In it, the hue is represented by a circular region; a separate triangular region may be used to represent saturation and value. Typically, the vertical axis of the triangle indicates saturation, while the horizontal axis corresponds to value. In this way, a color can be chosen by first picking the hue from the circular region, then selecting the desired saturation and value from the triangular region.
An HSV color wheel allows the user to quickly select a multitude of colors.
The conical representation of the HSV model is well-suited to visualizing the entire HSV color space in a single object.
13
Systme HSV (Hue saturation value)

RGB to HSV
HSV to RGB
14
1/21/2009
Numerical images
Numerical image is a Tab or Matrix I(n,m)
n is a number of colon m is a number of row (n,m) index of any pixels of image
Grayscale resolution
Grayscale resolution is defined by the number of bits

1 bits <=> 2 Levels (0 or 1) 2 bits <=> 4 levels (0,1,2 and 3) . .. 8 bits <=> 256 levels (0,1,2,3,., 255)
15
Numerical images
16
1/21/2009
Numerical images
Numerical color images is a three layers can be processed independently as matrix of intensity
Image = matrix Pixels = 3 values (R,V, B)
R G B
17
Numerical images Propriety

Contrast
Contrast is the difference in visual properties that makes an object (or its representation in an image) distinguishable from other objects and the background.
18
1/21/2009

Resolution
Image resolution describes the detail an image holds. The term applies equally to digital , film images, and other types of images. Higher resolution means more image detail.
19

Histogram
An image histogram is type of histogram which acts as a graphical representation of the tonal distribution in a digital image. It plots the number of pixels for each tonal value.
Levels
20
10
1/21/2009
Dr. Hojeij youssef, Digital image processing and analysis

Images quality and distortion
I original image & processed image
Mean square Error
Signal to noise ratio
Peak signal to noise ratio
21
11

DIP Chapter 1 - Introduction

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

DIP Chapter 1 - Introduction

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

1/21/2009

Digital image processing

What are images

2-D images I(x,y)

3-D images: I(x,y,z)

Conversion of the continuous world into a digital representation

What are images

From a human point of view :

What are images

What are images

The acquisition of an image

The acquisition of an image

Subtractive color synthesis

CIE color model

HSV system (Hue saturation value)

Systme HSV (Hue saturation value)

Grayscale resolution is defined by the number of bits

Numerical images Propriety

Numerical images Propriety

Numerical images Propriety

Dr. Hojeij youssef, Digital image processing and analysis

Numerical images Propriety

Mean square Error

Signal to noise ratio

Peak signal to noise ratio

You might also like