InterAction
1400 16th Street, NW, Suite 210
Washington DC 20036 USA
Tel 1.202.667.8227
Fax 1.202.667.8236
ia@interaction.org
www.interaction.org

7\ue001 \ue001 ADRA\ue001International
8\ue001 \ue001 AME-SADA
9\ue001 \ue001 American\ue001Friends\ue001Service\ue001Committee
10\ue001 American\ue001Jewish\ue001World\ue001Service
11\ue001 American\ue001Red\ue001Cross
12\ue001 AmeriCares\ue001Foundation
13\ue001 America\u2019s\ue001Development\ue001Foundation
14\ue001 Ananda\ue001Marga\ue001Universal\ue001Relie\ue002\ue001Team
15\ue001 CARE
16\ue001 Catholic\ue001Relie\ue002\ue001Services
17\ue001 Christian\ue001Re\ue002ormed\ue001World\ue001Relie\ue002\ue001

19\ue001 Church\ue001World\ue001Service
20\ue001 Direct\ue001Relie\ue002\ue001International
21\ue001 Episcopal\ue001Relie\ue002\ue001and\ue001Development
22\ue001 Food\ue001\ue002or\ue001the\ue001Hungry
23\ue001 Holt\ue001International\ue001Children\u2019s\ue001Services
24\ue001 International\ue001Crisis\ue001Group

25\ue001 MAP\ue001International
26\ue001 Pan\ue001American\ue001Development\ue001Fund
28\ue001 Physicians\ue001\ue002or\ue001Peace
29\ue001 Salvation\ue001Army\ue001World\ue001Service\ue001O\ue002\ue000ce
30\ue001 Save\ue001the\ue001Children
31\ue001 Trickle\ue001Up
32\ue001 U.S.\ue001Fund\ue001\ue002or\ue001UNICEF
33\ue001 World\ue001Concern
34\ue001 World\ue001Relie\ue002
35\ue001 World\ue001Vision

InterAction is the largest coalition o\ue001 U.S.-based
international non-governmental organizations (NGOs)
\ue001ocused on the world\u2019s poor and most vulnerable people.
Collectively, InterAction\u2019s more than 165 members work
in every developing country. Formed in 1984 with 22
members and now based in Washington, DC with a sta\ue001\ue001
o\ue001 40, InterAction\u2019s member agencies are large and small,
\ue001aith-based and secular and are headquartered across 25
states.

In poor communities throughout the developing world,
InterAction members meet people hal\ue001way in expanding
opportunities and supporting gender equality in education,
health care, agriculture, small business, and other areas.
To \ue001orestall or recover \ue001rom the violence that impacts
millions o\ue001 innocent civilians, InterAction exercises
leadership in con\ue000ict prevention, the peace\ue001ul resolution
o\ue001 disputes, and peace-building initiatives in post-con\ue000ict
situations. InterAction members respond to natural
disasters all around the world.

This\ue001 report\ue001 o\ue002\ue002ers\ue001 international\ue001 agencies,\ue001 non-govern- mental\ue001organizations\ue001(NGOs),\ue001the\ue001media\ue001and\ue001the\ue001public\ue001 an\ue001overview\ue001o\ue002\ue001the\ue001humanitarian\ue001and\ue001development\ue001as- sistance\ue001being\ue001provided\ue001to\ue001the\ue001people\ue001o\ue002\ue001Haiti\ue001by\ue001Inter- Action\ue001member\ue001agencies.

25\ue001 member\ue001 organizations\ue001 have\ue001 reported\ue001 on\ue001 their\ue001 cur- rent\ue001 or\ue001 planned\ue001 relie\ue002\ue001 and\ue001 development\ue001 operations\ue001 in\ue001 Haiti.\ue001\ue001The\ue001programs\ue001address\ue001a\ue001broad\ue001range\ue001o\ue002\ue001sectors,\ue001 including:\ue001\ue001agriculture\ue001and\ue001\ue002ood\ue001security;\ue001micro-\ue000nance,\ue001 economic\ue001 and\ue001 business\ue001 development;\ue001 disaster\ue001 and\ue001 emergency\ue001 relie\ue002;\ue001 economic\ue001 development,\ue001 democracy\ue001 and\ue001 governance;\ue001 education\ue001 and\ue001 training;\ue001 health\ue001 care;\ue001 human\ue001 rights,\ue001 peace\ue001 and\ue001 confict\ue001 resolution;\ue001 re\ue002ugee\ue001 assistance;\ue001and\ue001rural\ue001development.\ue001\ue001The\ue001activities\ue001take\ue001 place\ue001in\ue001a\ue001number\ue001o\ue002\ue001locations\ue001throughout\ue001Haiti.

The\ue001agencies\ue001in\ue001this\ue001report\ue001have\ue001presented\ue001various\ue001ob- jectives\ue001\ue002or\ue001their\ue001programs\ue001in\ue001Haiti.\ue001Many\ue001programs\ue001and\ue001 response\ue001 initiatives\ue001 were\ue001 implemented\ue001 in\ue001 2004\ue001 to\ue001 ad- dress\ue001renewed\ue001political\ue001turmoil\ue001and\ue001the\ue001massive\ue001fooding\ue001 caused\ue001by\ue001tropical\ue001storms.\ue001A\ue001number\ue001o\ue002\ue001those\ue001organiza- tions\ue001 have\ue001 remained\ue001 in\ue001 Haiti,\ue001 but\ue001 have\ue001 since\ue001 adjusted\ue001 their\ue001objectives\ue001to\ue001meet\ue001longer-term\ue001goals.\ue001Other\ue001orga- nizations\u2014many\ue001 o\ue002\ue001 which\ue001 have\ue001 decades\ue001 o\ue002\ue001 experience\ue001 in\ue001Haiti\u2014continue\ue001to\ue001\ue002ocus\ue001their\ue001e\ue002\ue002orts\ue001on\ue001development\ue001 objectives\ue001 including\ue001 expansion\ue001 and\ue001 enrichment\ue001 o\ue002\ue001 ed- ucation\ue001 and\ue001 training\ue001 systems,\ue001 provision\ue001 o\ue002\ue001 health\ue001 care\ue001 services\ue001and\ue001small\ue001business\ue001development.\ue001\ue001

Among\ue001 some\ue001 o\ue002\ue001 the\ue001 special\ue001 considerations\ue001 impacting\ue001 the\ue001delivery\ue001and\ue001execution\ue001o\ue002\ue001development\ue001and\ue001human- itarian\ue001 assistance\ue001 in\ue001 Haiti\ue001 are\ue001 recurring\ue001 insecurity\ue001 and\ue001 violence,\ue001which\ue001have\ue001impeded\ue001and\ue001in\ue001some\ue001cases\ue001inter- rupted\ue001local\ue001programming.\ue001\ue001

Many\ue001 o\ue002\ue001 the\ue001 agencies\ue001 in\ue001 this\ue001 report\ue001 are\ue001 active\ue001 in\ue001 Haiti\ue001 with\ue001 the\ue001 support\ue001 o\ue002\ue001 local\ue001 implementing\ue001 partner\ue001 agen- cies\ue001while\ue001receiving\ue001themselves\ue001the\ue001\ue000nancial\ue001backing\ue001o\ue002\ue001 members\ue001o\ue002\ue001the\ue001international\ue001donor\ue001community.\ue001

Slightly\ue001smaller\ue001in\ue001area\ue001than\ue001the\ue001state\ue001o\ue002\ue001Maryland,\ue001Hai- ti\ue001 shares\ue001 the\ue001 Caribbean\ue001 island\ue001 o\ue002\ue001 Hispaniola\ue001 with\ue001 the\ue001 Dominican\ue001Republic.\ue001Haiti\ue001has\ue001been\ue001plagued\ue001by\ue001chronic\ue001 political\ue001turmoil\ue001and\ue001civil\ue001unrest\ue001through\ue001much\ue001o\ue002\ue001its\ue001his- tory,\ue001 a\ue001 \ue002act\ue001 that\ue001 both\ue001 contributes\ue001 to\ue001 and\ue001 is\ue001 exacerbated\ue001 by\ue001 an\ue001 abysmal\ue001 economic\ue001 situation.\ue001 The\ue001 poorest\ue001 nation\ue001 in\ue001the\ue001Western\ue001Hemisphere\ue001and\ue001one\ue001o\ue002\ue001the\ue001most\ue001desti- tute\ue001in\ue001the\ue001world,\ue00180%\ue001o\ue002\ue001Haiti\u2019s\ue0018.1\ue001million\ue001people\ue001live\ue001 below\ue001 the\ue001 poverty\ue001 line\ue001 and\ue001 54%\ue001 live\ue001 in\ue001 abject\ue001 pover- ty.\ue001 In\ue001 2006,\ue001 the\ue001 United\ue001 Nations\ue001 Development\ue001 Program\ue001 (UNDP)\ue001 ranked\ue001 Haiti\ue001 154th\ue001 o\ue002\ue001 177\ue001 countries\ue001 in\ue001 its\ue001 Hu- man\ue001Development\ue001Report.\ue001

land\ue001\ue002or\ue001Spain.\ue001Colonists\ue001annihilated\ue001the\ue001island\u2019s\ue001indige- nous\ue001population\ue001within\ue001a\ue001\ue002ew\ue001decades,\ue001leaving\ue001Spain\ue001to\ue001 utilize\ue001the\ue001island\ue001as\ue001a\ue001strategic\ue001trading\ue001outpost\ue001and\ue001stag- ing\ue001ground\ue001\ue002or\ue001colonial\ue001exploits\ue001in\ue001the\ue001Americas.\ue001In\ue001the\ue001 1697\ue001 Treaty\ue001 o\ue002\ue001 Ryswick,\ue001 Spain\ue001 ceded\ue001 the\ue001 western\ue001 por- tion\ue001o\ue002\ue001the\ue001island\ue001to\ue001France\ue001and\ue001the\ue001land\ue001became\ue001known\ue001 as\ue001 Haiti.\ue001 The\ue001 French\ue001 colonists\ue001 developed\ue001 a\ue001 productive\ue001 economy\ue001based\ue001on\ue001sugar,\ue001co\ue002\ue002ee\ue001and\ue001slave\ue001labor.\ue001

Socio-ethnic\ue001 tensions\ue001 erupted\ue001 in\ue001 the\ue001 1790s,\ue001 when\ue001 an\ue001 uprising\ue001 o\ue002\ue001 the\ue001 slave\ue001 population\ue001 under\ue001 the\ue001 leadership\ue001 o\ue002\ue001 Toussaint\ue001 L\u2019Ouverture\ue001 culminated\ue001 in\ue001 the\ue001 de\ue002eat\ue001 o\ue002\ue001 European\ue001 \ue002orces\ue001 in\ue001 1803.\ue001 Haiti\ue001 received\ue001 independence\ue001 \ue002rom\ue001 France\ue001 in\ue001 1804,\ue001 but\ue001 the\ue001 animosity\ue001 between\ue001 black\ue001 Haitians\ue001 and\ue001 their\ue001 white\ue001 and\ue001 mulatto\ue001 countrymen\ue001 was\ue001 solidi\ue000ed.\ue001In\ue001the\ue001a\ue002termath\ue001o\ue002\ue001the\ue001revolution,\ue001class-based\ue001 tensions\ue001resulted\ue001in\ue001popular\ue001uprisings\ue001against\ue001the\ue001domi- nant\ue001\u201celite\u201d\ue001\ue002actions\ue001that\ue001were\ue001vying\ue001\ue002or\ue001political\ue001control\ue001 o\ue002\ue001the\ue001newly\ue001independent\ue001nation.\ue001The\ue001resulting\ue001civil\ue001war\ue001 le\ue002t\ue001Haiti\ue001divided\ue001into\ue001north\ue001and\ue001south\ue001\ue002rom\ue0011807\ue001until\ue001its\ue001 reuni\ue000cation\ue001in\ue0011820\ue001under\ue001Jean-Pierre\ue001Boyer.\ue001Decades\ue001 o\ue002\ue001war\ue001and\ue001violence\ue001had\ue001a\ue001devastating,\ue001enduring\ue001impact\ue001 on\ue001 Haiti,\ue001 undermining\ue001 popular\ue001 morale\ue001 and\ue001 exhausting\ue001 national\ue001con\ue000dence\ue001in\ue001Haitian\ue001governance\ue001and\ue001political\ue001 leadership.\ue001

Renewed\ue001 black-mulatto\ue001 \ue002riction\ue001 resulted\ue001 in\ue001 de\ue001 \ue002acto\ue001 U.S.\ue001 occupation\ue001 o\ue002\ue001 Haiti\ue001 in\ue001 1915.\ue001 U.S.\ue001 troops\ue001 remained\ue001 \ue002or\ue001nineteen\ue001years,\ue001during\ue001which\ue001time\ue001the\ue001U.S.\ue001assumed\ue001 political\ue001and\ue001\ue000nancial\ue001control\ue001o\ue002\ue001internal\ue001a\ue002\ue002airs,\ue001worked\ue001 with\ue001 the\ue001 Haitian\ue001 national\ue001 government\ue001 to\ue001 rewrite\ue001 the\ue001