This circuit can cool your heat generating electronic devices by operating a DC fan when the temperature in its

vicinity increases above the preset level. Its operation is fully automatic and turns off when the temperature returns normal. It uses a small 12V DC brush less fan used in computers The circuit exploits the property of Thermistor to operate the DC Fan. Thermistor is a kind of temperature dependent resistor and its resistance varies depending on the temperature in its vicinity. There are two types of Thermistors- NTC and PTC. Negative temperature coefficient (NTC) Thermistor decreases its resistance when the temperature increases while Positive temperature coefficient (PTC) increases its resistance when the temperature increases. Thermistors are bead like resistors available from 100 ohms to 10K or more values. Here a 4.7K NTC Thermistor is used. IC uA 741 is used as a voltage comparator to switch on the DC fan. Its INV input (pin2) gets an adjustable voltage through VR while its Non-INV (pin3) input gets voltage through a potential divider comprising R1 and the Thermistor. Thus the voltage at pin3 depends on the conductivity of the Thermister. When the temperature is normal (as set by VR), pin3 gets higher voltage than pin2 and makes the output of IC high as indicated by Red LED. This high output keeps T1 off since its base is positive. DC fan remains off in this condition. When the temperature increases above the value set by VR, resistance of Thermister decreases and the voltage at pin3 decreases. As a result, output of IC becomes low to switch on T1. A small brush less DC fan (one used in computers) turns on to increase the air circulation. When the temperature returns normal, Fan automatically turns off. Diode D3 is necessary to remove back e.m.f when T1 turns off. Green LED indicates that the Fan is operating.

DC Fan Controlled by Temperature Circuit Diagram

Here is an ultra sensitive earthquake detector circuit that can sense seismic vibrations. It can be used to detect vibrations in the Earth. So it is an ideal device to monitor entry passages. The circuit exploits the direct piezo electric property of the piezo element used in buzzers. The Lead Zirconate crystals present in the piezoelement can readily store current and can release the current when the orientations of the crystals are disturbed through mechanical vibrations. IC1 amplifies the signals from the piezo element and the high output from IC1 switches on T1. When T1 conducts, trigger pin 2 of the monostable (IC2) will grounded to give 3 minutes high output. This high output is used to sound alarm and to light LED. VR adjusts the sensitivity of piezo element. Glue the fine side of the piezo element on the floor (if used as an entry alarm) or inside a metal box (if used to bury in soil to detect earth borne vibrations).

Earthquake Detector Schematic

Insomnia treatment consist mostly of sleeping pills consumption but this circuit is an alternative for that and consists of a simple circuitry that generates a rain sound effect. The japanese researches were the first to discover that sound of rain has a relaxing effect. With the help of this simple circuit we can generate the rain sound which can be a sleep aid in case of insomnia. T1 is used as a noise generator and its signal is amplified by the 741 IC and thru T2, R7 and C4 goes to a headset with low resistance. If you do not want to use the headphones then use a speaker with impedance between 4 and 16 . With the help of P1 can adjust sound level and with P2 the tone.

Schematic of Rain Sound Generator Circuit

This diy digital thermometer circuit can measure temperatures up to 150C with an accuracy of 1C. The temperature is read on a 1V full scale-deflection (FSD) moving-coil voltmeter or digital voltmeter. How the digital thermometer works Operational amplifier IC 741 (IC3) provides a constant flow of current through the baseemitter junction of npn transistor BC108 (T1). The voltage across the base-emitter junction of the transistor is proportional to its temperature. The transistor used this way makes a low-cost sensor. You can use silicon diode instead of transistor. The small variation in voltage across the base-emitter junction is amplified by second operational amplifier (IC4), before the temperature is displayed on the meter. Preset VR1 is used to set the zero-reading on the meter and preset VR2 is used to set the range of temperature measurement. Operational amplifiers IC3 and IC4 operate off regulated 5V power supply, which is derived from 3-terminal positive voltage regulator IC 7805 (IC1) and negative low-dropout regulator IC 7660 (IC2). The entire circuit works off a 9V battery. Assemble the circuit on a general-purpose PCB and enclose in a small plastic box. Calibrate the thermometer using presets VR1 and VR2. After calibration, keep the box in the vicinity of the object whose temperature is to be measured.

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