UNCLASSIFIED

Navy Irregular Warfare Office

CAPT Mark Mullins

Deputy, OPNAV N3/N5 Navy Irregular Warfare

Navy Irregular Warfare

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Outline
• IW Background

• Navy IW Office Overview

• Projects and Initiatives

• Engagement Efforts

• Challenges / Looking Ahead

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Irregular Challenges
National Defense Strategy
identified a need to confront
irregular challenges…

…the QDR provided guidance to

rebalance GPF capabilities to
conduct irregular warfare.

Increasing emphasis on countering irregular challenges and

developing competency to conduct irregular warfare.
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Increased Emphasis on IW Capabilities
Development

FY07 leading
Budget of the edge investments FY08-13 Planning
United States of & Programming Supporting Studies
America Joint Programming
Guidance & Roadmaps

Strategic Planning  Authorities

Guidance
 Irregular Warfare
FY 2007  Tag, Track, & Localize
Donald Rumsfeld
Secretary of Defense
 Building Partner Capacity
President‟s
„07 Budget  Strategic Communications
Donald Rumsfeld
Secretary of Defense
 Joint Command and Control
Guidance  DoD Institutional Reform and
SPG/JPG Governance
Execution  Sensor-based Management of
Roadmaps the ISR Enterprise

“In the post-September 11 world, irregular warfare has emerged as the dominant form of warfare
confronting the United States, its allies and its partners; accordingly, guidance must account for
distributed, long-duration operations, including unconventional warfare, foreign internal defense,
counterterrorism, counterinsurgency, and stabilization and reconstruction operations.” Quadrennial
Defense Review Report, 6 Feb 06

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Operations and Activities That Comprise IW

• Counterinsurgency (COIN) SECDEF Approved

• Unconventional warfare (UW) Definition:
• Counterterrorism (CT) A violent struggle among state
• Foreign internal defense (FID) and non-state actors for
• Stabilization, security, transition, and reconstruction legitimacy and influence over
operations (SSTRO) the relevant populations.
• Strategic communications
• Psychological operations (PSYOP) Irregular Warfare (IW) favors
indirect approaches … in order
• Information operations (IO) to erode an adversary's power,
• Civil-military operations (CMO) influence, and will.
• Intelligence and counterintelligence activities -IW Joint Operating Concept, Sep 07
• Transnational criminal activities, including narco-
trafficking, illicit arms dealing, and illegal financial
transactions, that support or sustain IW
• Law enforcement activities focused on countering
irregular adversaries

IW emphasizes the use of indirect, non-conventional methods and means to subvert,

attrite, and exhaust an adversary, or render irrelevant, rather than defeat him through
direct conventional military confrontation

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Doctrinal Pedigree

The IW JOC provides a

conceptual framework for
future Joint Force operations
within an IW campaign and
guides the development of IW
capabilities.

Aligning efforts in Naval Doctrine Development with NDS, QDR,

and Joint IW Doctrine.
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Navy IW History
• 1998: Naval TLAM strikes at UBL
• 2002: COMSUBLANT CT Initiative begins
• 2003-4: Conducted first dedicated CT missions
• 2005: Identified “Gaps and Seams”
– Reason: Navy and CT forces not synchronized
• Host nation - embassy disconnect (CIA/State)
• Stove-piped intel/operational directives (Fleet/CIA/NSA/Combatant CDR)
• Mar 2005: CSCO created to bridge gaps
– Direct liaison to TF, NCC, IA/IC, Tactical development
• Feb 2007: CSCO redesignated CECO to reflect Navy-wide effort
• Dec 2007: Deep Blue and Naval Studies Board conducts studies to
optimize Navy’s CT effort
– Finding: deeds do not match words-directs SUBFOR solution
– Study not acted upon by Navy
• July 25, 2008: CNO formally stands up IW effort under N3/N5

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CNO Direction for N3/5 IW

• Based upon meeting with CNO, DNS,
N3/5 on July 25, 2008
• Navy IW Office officially established
• Remain Agile, avoid staff layers and
bureaucracy
• Interface directly with the fleets / warfighter
• Rapidly deliver IW effects and capabilities
• Navy IW Office is my lead for IW efforts

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Navy IW Office Mission

Principal office to:
• Synchronize and facilitate
Navy IW support to
USSOCOM and other
Combatant Commanders
– Coordinated with
interagency and
international partners
– To optimize the Navy’s
contributions to IW
• Institutionalize IW in Navy’s
planning, investment, and
capability development

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Inputs
Warfighter Needs
COCOMs, NCCs,
# Fleets, USFF, SOCOM &
Interagency
Ideas/Concepts
SOCOM, Fleet, Agencies,
R&D Centers, & Industry
Funding
Few $M of Navy funds
stimulates and leverages
greater investment from OSD,
ONR, DARPA, Agencies, and
others
Personnel/Expertise
Small OPNAV office initiates
and leverages larger Navy,
end user and warfighter
customer involvement
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Navy IWNavy Irregular
Office
= CT, COIN, and applicable portion of supporting activities (IO, Intel, FID, UW)
UNCLASSIFIED
Navy IW Office Role
Focus / Synchronize Effort Effects
N2 N3/5 N6 N8 Facilitate Real-Time
Deployed Capability
• Optimize What We Have Today
• Rapidly Adapt CONOPs, TTPs
Navy IW Office • Rapidly Insert Technology
Focused Planning and
•Concepts / Doctrine Programming
•Tactics, Training and Procedures
•Technologies / Capability Optimization • Strategy Development
• Operational Concepts
• Acquisition Programs
Iterative Process
Result
Current Maritime Expanded Effects
Capabilities and Efforts with Current Force
MCO MCO
IW CT
IWCT
Rapidly adapt and employ what we have to achieve greater effects
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Warfare
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Balancing Conventional and Irregular Capabilities

•Optimizing current Naval forces to support IW

•Navy’s alignment to conduct IW
•NECC / Navy IW Office Standup
•Engagement
•SFA; ex., partnership stations, HSV Swift, Buster UAV FID
•Improved capabilities
•SSGN / Surface Ship SIGINT & IO Optimization
•CONOP TTP development
•TLAM / Naval Gunfire Targeting of HVTs
•Developing new IW capabilities
•Sea Stalker / Sea Maverick UUV
•Trident Reach UAV
•Imminent Fury / Super Tucano Fixed Wing ISR / CAS aircraft
•Scan Eagle / Buster UAVs
•IW capabilities complement MCO missions
•Contributes to all phases of MCO
•Unmanned & manned systems / sensors / TTL
•Expeditionary C2 / ISR CT
IWCT

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How the Navy’s Role in IW Contributes to
Maritime Strategy Imperatives

• “Win our Nation‟s wars (Campaigns Against Terrorism):” Navy

IW includes the irregular means and methods needed to engage
and defeat violent extremist groups.
• ”Contribute to Homeland Defense in Depth: Identify &
neutralize threats as far from our shores as possible:” Navy’s
flexible presence enables employment of full range of IW
capabilities in the changing security environment.
• “Foster and Sustain Cooperative Relationships:” Navy IW can
identify, develop, and sustain partnering relationships as the
foundation for building partner capacity.
• “Prevent or Contain Local Disruptions:” Through improved local
ISR, active partnerships, and tailored force projection and
sustainment capabilities, Navy IW can contribute to prevention and
effective crisis response while minimizing US military footprint on
foreign soil.

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Key Assumptions Underlying Navy IW Role

Strategic:
• Violent extremism will remain a long-term threat to the US, its allies, and
developing nations
• Littorals will grow in strategic significance as demographics and
globalization contribute to increased competition for resources
• Coastal approaches and rivers will remain vital lines of communication in
developing nations at risk of insurgency or extremism
Operational:
• Building partner capacity will be critical to achieving success with limited
resources, particularly in regions and countries at risk
• Closer coordination both within USG and with partners of diplomatic,
information, military, and economic activities will be key to diminishing /
countering IW threats
• Improved understanding of foreign cultural, social, political, economic
factors (i.e., better Situational Awareness) is essential to engaging the
increasingly complex global security environment
• Most USG actions will have strategic communications impact in the IW
environment

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Defining the Battlespace: The Arc of Instability

“The fight will move from Iraq and Afghanistan and be a worldwide struggle,
need to move and get to a distributed maritime capability to engage this threat.”
– LTG McChrystal (Nov 06)

• Correlates with the “dark spaces”

• All located along maritime domain – ease
of movement, supply and communication

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Initiatives

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Top Five Initiatives

• Trident Reach/Fusion Cell--Huge impact in the fight

• Surface Ship Information Operations Optimization-

CNO direction

• UUV Integration (Sea Stalker)-optimizing Navy UUV

efforts.

• IMMINENT FURY, UAV Integration (Buster/Scan

Eagle/STUAS)-getting ISR/Strike tools into the
warfighter’s hands- now!!

• Rotary Wing SOF Support -ADM Olson’s No. 1

conventional force issue

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Trident Reach

Comms Link

Collaboration

UAS High Value

Naval ISR/ Strike Target
Assets Coalition Ground
Assets

• Forward based C2 and Exploitation

• Multi-INT ISR & Comms direct to User
• Dynamic integration with other forward
Ground Control Station Navy / Joint Platforms
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Large Diameter UUV

Sea Stalker Parameters

Payload to include suite with ability to

Two monopole
collect on multiple signals of interest
antenna for ISR and
Remote C2 capability
command / control
Deploy Large Diameter (38 inch) UUV
from Naval Platforms

Concept of Operations

CT and CNT missions

Clandestine transit to/from pre-
programmed targeted area of collection
Rendezvous with Naval platforms for
recharge/ battery change out
Supporting SOCOM, SOUTHCOM and
JIATF-SOUTH

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ScanEagle Unmanned Aerial System (UAS)

Mission: Long endurance, affordable, flexible tactical UAS for ISR support to
frontline warfighters
Characteristics / Descriptions:
Frequency C2 link: 800 Mhz/1.2 Ghz
Video Link: 2.0-2.2 Ghz
Wing Span 10 ft
Max Take Off Weight 44 Lbs
Range 100-150 km
Endurance 20+ Hours
Max Payload(s) 5 lb
Airspeed 55 kts cruise/75 kts Dash
Operational Altitude 200 Ft AGL to 18,000 ft MSL
Launch/Recovery Skyhook / SSGN Deck

System Highlights:
•Dry Deck Shelter Stowed
•SSGN Deck Launch & Recovery
•Highly reliable, combat proven– over 100,000
combat flight hours of ISR service
•Long Endurance– 20+ hours
•Night / Day Capable– carries either EO or IR
cameras or both in dual bay configuration
• Other Payloads: AIS, Comm relay, NanoSAR SSGN HVI
synthetic aperture array
• Quiet. Low audible signature at altitude
Ground Assets

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BUSTER Small Unmanned Aerial System

MISSION: A Stable System for Surveillance and Reconnaissance with Endurance, Accurate Target
Location, Force Protection And Carried With Submarine.
SYSTEM: CHARACTERISITICS / DESCRIPTIONS:
1 Ground Control Station
(GCS)
4 Air Vehicles Communications Link 16 channel L Band, Real
1 Launcher Time Video Downlink
1 RVT (Optional)
Wing Span 49.3 inches
Range 20 NM
Endurance 4 + Hours
Airspeed 35 Kts cruise (65 Kts Dash).
Operational Altitude 200 Ft AGL - 18,000 Ft MSL
In Production with Sustainability Support Present Sensors Dual EO / IR Sony Sensors

Proprietary & Confidential Information © Mission Technologies, Inc. 07.2006 tt/lt

SYSTEM HIGHLIGHTS:
• Compatible with Submarine / Participated in the following:
Surface Ship operations
• Successfully SSN deployed
• Missions reprogrammable in Flight
• FID with coalition partners
• Night / Day Capable. • Engineered Range Extension out to 20
• Low audible signature at altitude NM
• Small size, low visible cross • Achieved required 4+ Hour Endurance
section
• 10 minutes from stowed to launch
Navy Irregular Warfare
CONTRACTOR: Mission Technologies, Inc. (Prime)
 Imminent Fury FAC-A Trainer UNCLASSIFIED

Demonstration
Providing cost-effective FAC-A training Aging Fleet of traditional FAC-A assets
GWOT requirements limit availability of training
assets
Increasing Fuel and maintenance costs
Imminent Fury Demo Provides:
• Demonstrates an inexpensive FAC-A trainer
can provide comparable training at a fraction
of the cost.
• Stepping stone to full USN/USMC program of
EMB-314 Super Tucano
record.
Funding ($M) FY08 FY09 Total
Key Participants
• Sponsors: NAVAIR / USN / OSD NAVAIR / OSD 1.58M 1.58M
• Gov‟t Contributors: AS&C, Navy Sponsor/Service 1.18M 1.18M
• Industry: Embraer (Brazil & Ft Lauderdale, FL); (USN) 3.76M
Rockwell Collins; FLIR Systems Inc.; L3 Comm Milestones Leading to Fielded Capability
 Lease Aircraft / Flight Clearance April 2008
Key Deliverables: • FAC-A Equip. Integration May 2008
• One developmental test EMB-314 Super • Air Wing Work-ups (NAS Fallon) 9-21 June 2008
Tucano • 2010 POM
• Courseware, syllabus, and TTPs PM PoC: Terry Witte 301-757-6963 terence.witte@navy.mil
• Tech manuals
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USN RW Support to SOF
LONG TERM OPTIONS:

COA 1 – Expand existing Expeditionary squadrons

– 32 addnl MH-60S (12 A/C per coast in HSC
Expd Squadrons
– (10 in pipe/FRS))
– 6400 FH added to support Mission Critical FH
demand
– 301 billets
COA 2 – Expand HSC-84/85 (blended Active/Reserve
squadrons)
MH-60S Block 3
– 32 addnl MH-60S (12 addnl aircraft per
USN Navy Rotary Wing Assets: squadron (10 in pipe/FRS))
HS Squadrons: – 6400 FH* added to support Mission Critical
•10 Carrier-based squadrons. FH demand
•2-3x HH-60H, 4xSH-60F.
HSC Squadrons (active duty): – 331 billets (consider Warrant Officer pilot
•6 Expeditionary squadrons option)
•8-11x MH-60S
HSC (Reserve): COA 3 – Establish two new dedicated NSW support
•2 squadrons squadrons
•HSC-85 (formerly HCS-5) MH-60S
– 32 addnl MH-60S (12 aircraft per squadron (10
•HSC-84 (formerly HCS-4) HH-60H
in pipe/FRS))
USN Rotary Wing Transition Period 08-14 – 6400 FH added to support Mission critical FH
Current Inventory: Future Inventory: demand
32x HH-53 0
145x SH 60B (radar) 0 – 550 billets
70x SH-60F (sonar) 0
~36x HH-60H 0
COA 4 – Increase demand on existing squadrons
17x MH-60R(radar/sonar) 298 – 6400 FH added to support Mission critical FH
117x MH-60S 271 demand
- 220 Armed

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Engagement Efforts

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Engagement Efforts

• NCR Engagement

• SOF/IC Engagement

• Forward Engagement

• Industry and Laboratory Interface

• Coalition Team Building

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Achieving Synchronization
• Battle rhythm
– Quarterly visits:
• Regional Combatant CDRs
• US Fleet Forces Command
• Deployed Special Operations CDRs
• Fleet HQ’s- Bahrain/Yokosuka/Norfolk/Pearl Harbor
• Royal Navy/Royal Australian Navy/French Navy, IW partners
– Monthly visits:
• Type Commanders, waterfront
• Research laboratories/Industry leadership/Site visits
– Weekly interaction:
• Washington DC (Joint Staff, Intel community, Interagency)
• Technical development VTCs and conferences
• VTCs to Deployed Liaison Officers

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Counter-Terrorism Platforms
• Insert Pictures

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Challenges / Looking Ahead

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Navy Support of IW (Challenges)

• Process:
– Acquisition / requirements process not agile or
responsive
– No IW platform or program sponsor = little advocacy
• Cultural:
– Lack of an Irregular Warfare Pillar
– Perceived threat to major programs: zero sum game
– Need to overcome “Dissident Colonel” reputation
• Resources:
– Resources allocation does not reflect IW and
conventional warfare balance

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Looking to Industry

• Consider our developing “Lines of Operation”

– Cooperative Security
– Expeditionary ISR, regional situational awareness
– Counter IW threats
• Provide innovative concepts for the operational
and tactical employment of unmanned systems
• Provide cost effective alternatives vice larger
more complex platforms

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Questions?

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Backups

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Where Industry Can Help

• Rapid Technology Insertion (speed and agility)
– Aligned with and informed Acquisition Community (PEO-
LMW)
• Payload / Endurance requirement (long dwell)
• Versatile
– Smaller, more capable payloads
– Easily deployable
– Multi-platform use
– Mission Flexibility (ISR, SIGNIT, Weaponized)
• Extended time on Station
– Long duration batteries (biggest shortfall)
• Low Maintenance Requirements
– Minimal skill requirement for operation
– Integrates into exiting C2 architecture

Navy Irregular Warfare