UNIT 1

3 1

New Books from Oxford

Britain's Shadow Economy
Stephen Smith
The shadow economy embraces not only the black economy of moonli htin ! tax dod in ! and scro"n in ! b"t also the wide ran e of ordinary! to" h prod"cti#e! ho"sehold acti#ities s"ch as washin $"p! baby$sittin ! and %I& impro#ements' This book takes a critical look at the whole of the shadow economy and makes new estimates of the scale and pattern of concealed incomes' O 1( )*)+,( )! -larendon .ress! Oxford 1('+0 /

Sri Lanka
Ethnic fratricide and the Dismantling of Democracy

S.J. TAMBIAH

A native -ri !ankan of Tamil origins# the distinguished social anthropologist - . Tambiah analy/es the causes of the conflict between ma0ority -inhalese Buddhists and minority Tamils that has wrecked the island of -ri !anka for almost forty years In his view# recent social stresses rather than ancient religious and racial differences re the source of the trouble 1An e2cellent and thought-provoking book 1 3 Paul -ieghart# Los Angeles Times Book Review 1concise# informative# lucidly written a powerful case for the importance of pluralism 1 3 4erle 5ubin# Christian Science Monitor 6%7 &, cloth

The %ecline of the British Economy 2

An Institutional Perspective Edited by Bernard Elba"m and 1illiam 2a3onick 'A distinguished contribution The essays that it contains are coherent and thought-provo-king this is a fascinating new approach to the analysis and understanding of the decline of the British economy It should be read ' Pete !"Payne# The Times Higher Education Supplement $ %& '(')&) (# *larendon Press + %& ,$

4 Arab Politics
The Search for Legitimacy Michael C. Hudson The first systematic comparative analysis of political behavior throughout the entire Arab orld! from Morocco to "u ait. In an attempt to e#plain hy the Arab orld remains in ferment! Hudson discusses such crucial factors as Arab and Islamic identity! ethnic and religious minorities! the crisis of authority! the effects of $estern imperialism! and moderni%ation. &Hudson has succeeded brilliantly in surveying and analy%ing the entire range of contemporary Arab politics. '(He) focuses his vast *no ledge on theory and historical data ith valid and illuminating generali%ations! perhaps the most basic one being that most if not all Arab countries lac* an effective structure for full political participation.& +Library Journal ,--../

Yale

FAMILY COMMUNICATION NEW BOOKS FROM

0ea
6

TELEVISION AND THE AMERICAN FAMILY

Second Edition
Edited by

COMM8NICATION5 RACE5 AND FAMILY

Exploring Communication &n 0lac%# 1hite# and 0iracial 2amilies
Edited by

ennin!" #$%&nt The University of Alabama ' A(i"on #$%&nt University of Southern California
A Volume in LEA's Communication Series This second edition of a trend-setting volume provides an updated examination of the interaction bet een families and the most pervasive mass medium! television" Charting dynamic developments of the American family and television over the past decade# this volume! $rovides a comprehensive representation of programmatic research into family and television# Examines extensively the uses families ma%e of television# ho extensions of television affect usage# families' evolving attitudes to ard television# the ays families have been and are portrayed on television# the effects television has on families# and the ays in hich families can mediate its impact on their lives" The volume charts the dramatic changes in both families and television during the past decade and examines mutual effects of these changes" &t is an invaluable resource for scholars and students in the areas of media and society# children and media# and family studies" 'cloth() approx" *+, pp" ) - .."./ ')&)e$*&c+, - &))$o.' 472 ))' - /40'05

T7o3&" ' Soc7& Old Dominion University R72nette C' Di!!" University of Louisville
A Volume in LEA Communication Series This ground-brea%ing volume explores ho family communication influences the perennial and controversial topic of race" &n assembling this collection# editors Thomas 3" Socha and 4hunette C" 5iggs argue that the hope for managing America's troubles ith 6race6 lies not only ith communicating about race at public meetings# in school# and in the media# but also 7 and more fundamentally 7 ith families communicating constructively about race at home" African-American and European American family communication researchers come together in this volume to investigate such topics as ho 0lac% families communicate to manage the issue of racism8 ho 0lac% parent-child communication is used to manage the derogation of 0lac% children8 the role of television in family communication about race8 the similarities and differences bet een and among communication in 0lac%# 1hite# and biracial couples and families8 and ho family communication education can contribute to a brighter future for all" 1ith the aim of developing a clearer understanding of the role that family communication plays in society's move for ard a multicultural orld# this volume provides a crucial examination of ho families struggle ith issues of ethnic cultural diversity" 'cloth() approx" ,/9 pp" ) - //"./ ')&)e$*&c+, - &))$o.' 252 ))' - /27'05 L&1$ence E$(*&23 A""oci&te" Inc' 145 Ind2"t$i&( A6en2e5 M&71&75 N

0ea

L&1$ence E$(*&23 A""oci&te" Inc' 145 Ind2"t$i&( A6en2e5 M&71&75 N

0ea
7

University Paperback
.olicin Ind"strial %isp"tes 1)(4 to 1()+ 5O6E5 6E75&
The recent increase of violent confrontation in industrial disputes has led to rene ed interest in the nature of industrial violence and the police tactics employed to counteract it" 4oger :eary's study provides a fascinating and historically detailed account of the changing nature of industrial violence" ;., pages $aperbac% < *;9 .<,<< 9 =/"./

TA1IST2C"
;; >e 2etter Lane# London EC*$ *EE

7..5O7-8IN6 T8E TE9T

? Loo% at the texts and ans er the follo ing @uestions! ;" 1hat typographical features of the text characteriAe the genre book advertisementB CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC ," 1hat are the five publishers representedB CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC D" 1hich boo%s are published in 0ritain and hich in AmericaB CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC *" 1hich boo%s are published in paperbac%B CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC /" 1hich boo%s are published in hardbac% EclothF editionsB CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC The first operation e normally perform on texts hen e read in our first language is to read them rapidly and superficially to get a general idea of their contents and) or to find specific information" Gou have Hust done the latter in order to ans er the @uestions above" Gou ill be given guided practice in performing these operations hen you read in English" S+i33in! &nd "c&nnin!

895:-;<<T %

9 Scan the seven boo% advertisements and complete the chart belo ith the follo ing information here possible! authorEsF or editorEsF# title# sub-title# and subHect area Ee"g" history# sociology# etcF

A2t7o$:"; o$ Edito$:";

Tit(e o< #oo+ 0ritain' Shado Economy

S2*=tit(e An &nstitutional $erspective

S2*>ect A$e&

Anthropology Iichael C"Judson Television and the American 2amily 4oger :eary Exploring Communication

INTENSI:E 5E7%IN6

Kne useful ay of approaching a ritten text is through an examination of its structure or organiAation# especially hen the reader ill subse@uently need to ta%e notes on hat he has read" 5iscerning the structure or organiAation of a text involves understanding not only the riter's ords# but the function of those ords in context! to understand# that is# not only hat the riter is saying# but hat he is doing# e"g" mar%ing an example or comparison# formulating a definition or hypothesis# etc" Esee the K0SE4VAT&K>S at the end of this unit"F

895:-;<<T ( Te.t "t$2ct2$e- (&n!2&!e <2nction"

9 0elo # beside the advertisement for Arab Politics# there is a 6flo chart6# or schematic summary# of the structure of the text" 4ead the text and divide it using a stro%e E)F to indicate the position of the function" 9 >o underline all the adHectives in the text" 1hich are descriptive and hich are evaluativeB

A$&* ?o(itic"
The Search for Legitimacy Iichael C"Judson
The first systematic comparative analysis of political behavior throughout the entire Arab orld! from Morocco to "u ait. In an attempt to e#plain hy the Arab orld remains in ferment! Hudson discusses such crucial factors as Arab and Islamic identity! ethnic and religious minorities! the crisis of authority! the effects of $estern imperialism! and moderni%ation. &Hudson has succeeded brilliantly in surveying and analy%ing the entire range of contemporary Arab politics. ' (He) focuses his vast *no ledge on theory and historical data ith valid and illuminating generali%ations! perhaps the >otice that the language of description and evaluation in the boo% advertisement for Arab Politics is rather ell balanced" Kften# ho ever# boo% advertisements tend to be either predominantly evaluative or predominantly descriptive# as in the remaining documents" ESee 1or%sheet D belo "F

:eneral description 1riter's purpose

5etailed description

Evaluation

Exemplification

895:-;<<T =

Di"tin!2i"7in! t7e <2nction" o< de"c$i)tion &nd e6&(2&tion ? 4ead the remaining boo% advertisements carefully and indicate on the table belo hether they are predominantly descriptive of the contents of the boo% or predominantly evaluative of the boo% itself" One advertisement may be considered balanced"

$redominantly descriptive #$it&in@" S7&do1 Econo3% Dec(ine o< #$iti"7 Econo3% S$i L&n+& Te(e6i"ion &nd t7e A3e$ic&n F&3i(% Co332nic&tion5 R&ce &nd F&3i(% ?o(icin! Ind2"t$i&( Di")2te"

$redominantly evaluative

>otice that different terms may be used to replace the ord book Ee"g" contribution in The Decline of the British conomy F" This not only avoids repetition# but also permits aspects of meaning to be refined and elaborated" ? 2ind in the text as many terms as you can hich are used to substitute or elaborate on the ord book"

27N6U76E 1O5;

2amiliarity ith suffixes as 6mar%ers6 of a particular ord class can be extremely useful hen an un%no n ord is encountered" &f un%no n lexical items can be identified as adHectives# adverbs# nouns etc#" the possibility of inferring meaning from context is substantially increased" ESee the 1ord 0uilding exercises at the end of each Lnit"F &n the exercise belo practice is given in the recognition of adHectives and adHectival suffixes"

895:-;<<T )

Di"c$i3in&tion o< &d>ecti6e" &nd &d>ecti6&( "2<<i.e" ? 4e-read the boo% advertisements and indicate on the table all adHectives hich appear in the boo% titles and the texts proper Eexcluding @uantifiers# e"g" some! many# etcF" Then rite the adHectival suffix# if any# in the column provided# chec%ing ith your dictionary if necessary"

&d>ecti6e" #$it&in@" S7&do1 Econo3% T7e Dec(ine o< t7e #$iti"7 Econo3% S$i L&n+& Te(e6i"ion &nd t7e A3e$ic&n F&3i(% Co332nit%5 R&ce5 &nd F&3i(% ?o(icin! Ind2"t$i&( Di")2te"

"2<<i.e"

>otice# in addition to the more common ad"ective#noun combination# the follo ing ays of @ualifying nouns! noun#noun E'shado economy'# 'police tactics'F here the noun functions as adHective noun#$ast $artici$le E'pages devoted to literature'# 'tactics employed'F# here e may consider as deleted a relative pronoun M verb to be E'tactics hich are employed'F noun# $resent $artici$le E6ground-brea%ing volume6# trend-setting volume Le.ic&( in<e$ence

895:-;<<T , a

&n the follo ing exercise you are given practice in identifying a variety of ord classes# and in inferring meaning from the context" 0e sure to read the section on lexical inference in the notes on reading# Section *";" before completing the exercise" ? 4ead the first boo% advertisement# Cognition! Communication! and %omantic %elationshi$s# and underline the ords you do not %no " Iost of these ill be listed in the chart belo " 2irst identify ord class Enoun# verb# adHective# adverbF and then infer a possible meaning by examining the immediate and general context carefully" >ext# study the Humbled definitions and choose the one hich fits best" An example has been given"

COBNITION5 COMM8NICATION5 AND ROMANTIC RELATIONSHI?S

&3e" M' Hone%c2tt Louisiana State University &3e" B' C&nt$i(( &orthern 'ichigan University
A Volume in LEA's Series on $ersonal 4elationships

Ao$d c(&"" ; revie C , relationship C D designed C * supporting C / analysis 9 focuses + developmental

a" b" c" d" e" f" g"

De<inition"

Cognition! Communication! and %omantic relationshi$s focuses on the role of memory# communication# and social cognition in the development of romantic relationships" The authors revie developmental models of communication and examine criticisms of these models" They also explore the stages through hich relationships escalate and deteriorate# and consider the processes for such activities as meeting ne people# dating# sexual intercourse# and terminating relationships" 5ifferences bet een men and omen are discussed through the text# in light of current research supporting systematic gender differences in ho people thin% about romance and relationships" As an extended analysis and research revie of ho thin%ing about romance influences and is influences by communicative processes# this text offers a deeper understanding of the cognitive and communicative factors in relationship processes" &t is designed for use in courses on interpersonal relationships and intimate relations in social psychology# communication# counseling psychology# clinical psychology# and sociology"

to present a revie of in speech or riting8 to examine method of studying the nature of something or of determining its essential features and their relations intended# destined centers# directs# aims an emotional or other connection bet een people maintaining8 advocating that pertains to development

895:-;<<T , b

? >o re-read the boo% advertisement Television and the American (amily" 2ollo the same strategy used above in order to infer the meaning of the ords in the chart belo # but this time rite your guess in the appropriate column# then chec% ith your dictionary# being careful to copy the correct definition for the function and meaning of the ord as used in this text" ? Complete the chart by follo ing the same procedure for three other ords you did not %no in these boo% advertisements"

TELEVISION AND THE AMERICAN FAMILY

Second Edition
Edited by

ennin!" #$%&nt The University of Alabama ' A(i"on #$%&nt University of Southern California
A Volume in LEA's Communication Series This second edition of a trend-setting volume provides an updated examination of the interaction bet een families and the most pervasive mass medium! television" Charting dynamic developments of the American family and television over the past decade# this volume! $rovides a comprehensive representation of programmatic research into family and television# Examines extensively the uses families ma%e of television# ho extensions of television affect usage# families' evolving attitudes to ard television# the ays families have been and are portrayed on television# the effects television has on families# and the ays in hich families can mediate its impact on their lives" The volume charts the dramatic changes in both families and television during the past decade and examines mutual effects of these changes" &t is an invaluable resource for scholars and students in the areas of media and society# children and media# and family studies" 'cloth() approx" *+, pp" ) - .."./ ')&)e$*&c+, - &))$o.' 472 ))' - /40'05

Ao$d

Ao$d c(&""

Yo2$ !2e""

Diction&$% de<inition

; trend-setting , pervasive D charting * provides / comprehensive 9 interaction + N .

145 Ind2"t$i&( A6en2e5 M&71&75 N ord class of the missing ords in the text belo # then complete the ? 5ecide the 895:-;<<T >

?$&cti"in! t7e 2"e o< (e.i" L&1$ence E$(*&23 A""oci&te" Inc'

co33on to e.)o"ito$%- e6&(2&ti6e )$o"e'

hypothetical boo% advertisement by inserting an a$$ro$riate noun# verb or adHective from those listed" Consider carefully the meaning of each of the options ith reference to the context! not all the alternatives are interchangeable" Ta%e care to use the correct form of the verb"
No2n" Synthesis Survey Topic Study Jistory Concept Area Aspect Theme Kvervie 5iscussion Analysis system Ve$*" Explain Survey 5iscuss Study $resent 5escribe 0ring into focus Consider Explore &lluminate &ntroduce AnalyAe constitute Ad>ecti6e" $rofound Logical 0rilliant &mportant Comprehensive &nvaluable $o erful Sensitive 5iscussed 4igorous &ncisive Considered systematic

The )nter$retation of Dreams is the first CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC of dream psychology"

&n an attempt to CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC hy dreams are CCCCCCCCCCC to the ell-being of the mental processes# Sigmund 2reud CCCCCCCCCCC A ide variety of common dreams" Among the topics CCCCCCCCCCCC are the processes of dislocation and transference that occur in dreams" CCCCCCCCCCCCC and CCCCCCCCCCC# the author succeeds in

CCCCCCCCCCCCC some of the dar%er or%ings of the mind" This CCCCCCCCCCCCCC or% is the most CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC of the psychology of the unconscious available" $ublished in paperbac%# The )nter$retation of Dreams is CCCCCCCCCCCC for all those ho are seriously interested in dream psychology"

:O-7BU275& 1O5; 7N% 1O5% BUI2%IN6

? 2ind these ords in the textsO# decide the ord class# and rite it and the translation of the ord in the space provided" ? Then complete the table by forming other ords using appropriate suffixes if necessary" Consult your dictionary"

VKCA0LLA4G 1K4P Ao$d &nd C(&"" Loc&tion $ervasive E/F &nteraction E/F Comprehensive E/F Extensively E/F Evolving E/F Communication E9F &nfluences E9F Argue E9F 5ifference E9F 5eveloping E9F Controversial E+F 4ace E+F Constructively E+F Ianage E+F Assembling E+F

T$&n"(&tion

1K45 0L&L5&>: No2n Ve$*

Ad>ecti6e

Ad6e$*

O The boo% advertisements have been numbered as follo s! / 7 Television and the American (amily* 9 7 Communication! Tace and (amily8 + 7 Communiation! and %omantic %elationshi$s

OBSE5:7TIONS ON TE9T T&.E

Function: Structure:

BOO; 7%:E5TISE<ENTS

Aspects of language:

This ill vary according to the length and nature of the advertisement# but ill usually include one or more of the follo ing! a" general description 7 of the subHect of the boo% b" author's purpose 7 a brief consideration of hat the author attempts to explain or demonstrate in the boo% c" detailed description 7 of the contents of the boo%" This is often a list of the various topics discussed d" evaluation 7 positive evaluation as regards the orth and importance of the boo% e" @uotations from revie ers 7 containing positive evaluations from other sources Eusually from ell-%no n riters in the field or academic HournalsF &n texts of this %ind# it is common to find evaluative language" This is particularly apparent in the author's choice of adHectives and adverbs" &t is important to %eep in mind that although adHectives can be broadly categoriAed into the functions of evaluation Ee"g" brilliant! im$ortant! and so on+ and descri$tion ,Arab! historicalF# there are many cases in hich these t o functions overlap# particularly considering the function of the boo% advertisement"

5E:ISION 7N% E9TENSION

1' B$&33&$ )$&cticeC Co3)&$&ti6e" &nd S2)e$(&ti6e" o< t7e Ad>ecti6e ? 2ill in the missing ords in the table" Then complete the sentences belo ith an appropriate form of the ords in brac%ets" Ad>ecti6e Co3)&$&ti6e S2)e$(&ti6e 0etter Easy Iuch)many Iost interesting 2astest 0ad Larger thin Jarder Iore expensive Lnusual pretty

;" ," D" *" /" 9" +" N" ." ;<"

Learning to spea% a language is often much CCCCCCCCCCCC EeasyF than learning to rite it" This hotel must be CCCCCCCC EexpensiveF than the small one next door" An orange is CCCCCCCCCCC ElargeF than a plum" Je is certainly the CCCCCC EunusualF person & have ever met" 0ringing up children is one of the CCCCCCCCC EhardF Hobs in the orld" Jis latest film as CCCCCC interestingF than his previous ones" 1hat is the CCCCCCCCCC EdifficultF thing you have ever doneB 1hen & sa her# she loo%ed much CCCCCCCC EthinF than & remembered her" Losing your credit card is CCCCCC EbadF than losing your money" This is the CCCCCCC EfastF car e produce"

? As o$ than? ?2t as o$ than into e&c7 !&)' a" b" c" d" e" f" Are you as tall CCCC your brotherB She's not as clever CCCC her sister" 1as 3oan's party better CCCCC Iaria'sB &'m studying the same subHect CCCC Emma" LiA or%s much harder CCCC 3ohn" & haven't got as many cousins CCCC you"

? As as/ not as as. 4e rite the follo ing sentences ith &"D&" or not &"D &"' Ex" 0ob's taller than 3ac%" ) 3ac%'s not &" tall &" 0ob" a" b" c" d" e" f" 3ill's more intelligent than 0ill" CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC The sun's much hotter than the moon" CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC Are you and your husband the same ageB CCCCCCCCCCC your husbandB Gou can read more @uic%ly than & can" CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC Jarry on more money than 0ill" in CCCCCCCCCCCCC Eva's or% is better than mine" CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 0ill's not The moon isn't Are you & can't 0ill didn't Iy or% isn't

2'

Re(&ted Ao$d B$o2)" T%)e" o< #oo+

? $ut each of the follo ing ords in its correct place belo volume best-seller manuscript publication thriller proofs hodunit copy paperbac% hardbac% edition

;" ," D" *" /" 9" +" N" ." ;<" A&%" o< $e&din!

Gou can see the original CCCCC of -amlet in Sha%espeare's o n riting" 0efore a boo% is sent to be printed# the author must chec% the CCCCCCCCC " 1here is CCCCC three of this set of encyclopaediasB The ne government report on agricultural statistics is a very interesting CCCCCCC" Jave you got a CCCCCC of :raham :reene's Brighton %ockB This boo% costs -;,# but that's the CCCCCC price" The CCCCCC costs only -/"/<" Jis first three novels didn't sell very ell# but hos fourth as a CCCCC and made a fortune" The boo% has already been selling ell for five years" >o the publishers are going to bring out a ne CCCCC ith illustrations" She li%es to relax by reading a CCCCC about spies or crime" &'m reading a CCCCCC " &t's fun trying to guess ho the murderer is"

? $ut each of the follo ing ords or phrases into its correct place in the sentences belo " S+i) S+i3 ;" ," D" *" /" (oo+ 2) di) into *$o1"e )e$2"e $e<e$ to 1&de t7$o2!7 <(i) t7$o2!7 $e&d <$o3 co6e$ to co6e$

& spend a lot of time in boo%shops" & don't often buy boo%s" & Hust CCCCCCCCCC " &f & come to a boring bit in a boo%# & Hust CCCCCC a fe pages till the real story starts again" &'ll CCCCCCC his number in the phoneboo%" & didn't %no the ord" & had to CCCCCCC a dictionary" Kf course an encyclopaedia is not a boo% you CCCCCCCC " Gou Hust CCCCCC it for things that interest you"

9" +" N" ."

& never li%ed history at school" & found it very hard to CCCCCCC all that boring stuff about ars and revolutions" 1e have re@uested our la yers to CCCCC the document ith the greatest care to decide hether it's legal or not" Some people have the ability to CCCCCCCC a page# hich means to read it very @uic%ly# Hust ta%ing in the main points" & sometimes CCCCCC a magaAine in a ne sagent's but & don't usually buy one"