Anti Fouling

An Update on the Current Antifouling Paint Technology Shailesh Rajan
Boat India08 15th Dec 2008
Agenda !arine "ouling Antifouling Coating# $ A %rief hi#tory Different Antifouling Coating Technologie# a&aila%le Today Controlled Depletion Poly'er (y%rid Acrylate $ )elf Poli#hing Copoly'er *on Biocidal $ "luoro Poly'er The i'pact of your choice
All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our Standard Terms and Conditions.
!arine "ouling
!arine "ouling
Without antifouling measures the fuel consumption of the world shipping fleets would increase by 4 !" e#uivalent to an e$tra %& mio tonnes of fuel annually. Control of fouling of water inta'es" piping systems and heat e$changers in desalini(ation and power plants" costs over ) %* billion per year. Control of fouling on membranes used in wastewater and desalination systems costs over +uro % billion per year. ,ouling of a#uaculture systems in fish farms costs an average of +uro % " per year. The total global mar'et for antifouling coatings for ship and pleasure crafts is appro$ ) - . per annum. +nvironmental Cost
What is ,ouling/
4.icro5fouling6 7 Slime 4.acro5fouling6 7 Weed 8 Animal
W
+ e d B
+
r o
+
,
0
n r e B e n a ) r n a o f t B
2 .
)
A
h
3
e lle d l# / t h e r
o d( i e a dr d e .
c lT e u# %
o ! r ' u ## # e
Bio "ouling "or'ation
,igure %9 :A; A light micrograph of a cypris larva" :<; a cyprid antennule" :C; a settled cyprid" attached underwater by secretion of permanent cement" :0; and metamorphose juvenile barnacle" still attached by the permanent cement. 2mages C and 0 were captured using fluorescence microscopy after staining the organisms using an amine dye.
The ultra structure and morphology of the cyprid temporary adhesive system ta'en under atomic force microscopy.
+ffect of fouling
+nteromorpha :4.arine >rass6;
Slime ,ouling9 %=& ! increase in drag
Weed ,ouling9 ?p to % ! increase in drag
Shell ,ouling9 ?p to 4 ! increase in drag
0ariou# Antifouling )y#te'#

Surface <ased Technologies 5 .aterials with specific surface properties can be used to prevent settlement of organisms . 1ano ,ibre Wall @ .a'es a 4wall 5 of 5death6 Ahoto catalytic Surfaces 5 Arevents fouling through the generation of reactive o$ygen species very close to a surface. 1anostructured Surfaces @ Ability to trap air at the solidBwater interface producing a barrier to fouling. Chloropac Systems @ Sodium Cypochorite generating systems +lectrochemical Arevention @ 0isinfection due to the direct electro5 chemical o$idation of cells. Antifouling Coatings @ C0ABSACB,oul Release
Interprime 198
Multiprime
"oul Control Techni1ue 2 Antifouling Coating# (i#tory

Time
Ancient
Ship .aterial Antifouling used

.ood Coal tar3 /il 4 ,a5 coating .ooden and 'etallic 6lead 4 Copper7 #heating
1850 $ 1800
.ood 4 Iron
Copper )heeting -al&anic action for Iron 9Patent paint#: 9Italian !ora&ian: hot pla#tic paint
1800 $ 1850
Iron
Antifouling paint# 6&ariou# %inder# 4 Copper D$ide7 (ot pla#tic paint follo,ed %y cold pla#tic paint
1850 $ pre#ent
Iron
In#olu%le or #olu%le 'atri5 u#ed3 containing copper o$ide and mercuric o$ide a# to5ic# 2 organotin and copper o5ide co'%ination# 2 organotin polymer antifoulant 6self5polishing co5polymer7
Pre#ent 2 "uture
lo, and non to5ic paint electroly#i# technology of #ea,ater %y electro2conducti&e coating #y#te' u#e of copper alloy etc; 3ow surface5energy paint
2.D A,S Convention
"ro' the late 1880# concern# o&er the effect the tri%utyl tin ,a# ha&ing on the en&iron'ent ,ere #tarting to %e rai#ed; In /cto%er 20013 the te5t for a treaty on antifouling paint# ,a# agreed %y the <= countrie# pre#ent at an I!/ Diplo'atic Conference3 held in >ondon? 9International Con&ention on the Control of (ar'ful Anti2"ouling )y#te'# on )hip#: 6I!/2A") Con&ention7; Thi# %an# the application of TBT paint# fro' 1@1@200A3 and the u#e 6pre#ence7 of TBT paint# on #hip# fro' 1@1@2008;
2.D A,S Convention

5 .arine antifoulings are classed as <iocidal Aroducts 5 <iocidal products are :becoming; regulated li'e pesticides
Biocide on paint #urface Biocide in ,ater colu'n Biocide in #edi'ent# E Fey environmental issues9 degradation degradation
Rate of biocide degradation To$icity to non5target organisms Aotential for bio5accumulation

Antifouling Coatings @T<T ,ree Technology Dptions
<iocidal Rosin5based Cybrid SAC 1on <iocidalB,oul Release Silicone ,luoropolymer SAC
Antifouling Coatings @ T<T ,ree Technology Dptions9 Aerformance vs Arice
T<T <ased
Acrylate SAC
Cybrid
+ C1A .R D, R+A
Rosin <ased
AR2C+
Antifouling Coatings @ T<T ,ree Technology Dptions @ Rosin <ased

Rosin comes from trees" and has been used for over % years in antifouling paints because it is slightly soluble in seawater" enabling the biocides to be released by diffusion.
Rosin does enable higher solids paints to be made :**=G ! Holume Solids content;. <iocides
Sea Water
3eached 3ayer
T<T5,ree Technology Dptions @ Rosin <ased
*on2Poli#hing +eference
A'ount di##ol&ed
Anticorro#i&e >eached >ayer B 55 C'
T<T5,ree Technology Dptions @ Rosin <ased
T<T5,ree Technology Dptions @ Rosin <ased The Dffect of "ouling on "uel Con#u'ption? )hip Co'pari#on
C0A I ! 2ncrease in ,uel Consumption G 4 & SAC
5&
&
E months
Dn5set of weed fouling on C0A

Antifouling Coatings @ T<T ,ree Technology Dptions @ Rosin <ased

Rosin has some disadvantages9 it is a brittle material" and can cause crac'ing and detachment. it reacts with o$ygen and has to be immersed relatively #uic'ly. 2t does not prevent water going into the antifouling paint film.
T<T5,ree Technology Dptions
<iocidal Rosin5based Cybrid SAC SAC
1on <iocidal Silicone ,luoropolymer
T<T5,ree Technology Dptions @ SAC Acrylate <ased
Attempts to mimic the T<T SAC seawater reaction have been underway for many years" by all .arine paint companies.
To date" only three T<T5,ree SAC technologies have been commercialised9 Copper Acrylate Jinc Acrylate Silyl Acrylate :Aolymer 555 CDD 555 Cu 555 R; :Aolymer 555 CDD 555 Jn 555 R; :Aolymer 555 CDD 555 Si 555 RE;
1ew boosting biocides have been incorporated to 4off5set6 the loss of the T<T" together with Copper.

The uni#ue Copper Acrylate polymer mirrors the chemical reaction of T<T SAC in sea water. This means that it has the same features as T<T SAC systems have9 Predictable polishing rates Controlled Release of biocides Easy re-coat properties No build-up of thick leached layers Excellent mechanical properties Compatibility with the new building process (long exposure prior to immersion)
1on5Aolishing Reference Amount polished off
Km 2ntersmooth
Anticorrosive
3eached 3ayer = % Km

The graph below shows the number of satisfactory ships :ie with ,ouling Rating L % ; at each drydoc'ing interval9
SAC 100 ! ships with ,R L % 80 80 <0 =0 50 0212 1A218 1822E
C0A
252A0
A12A=
A<2E2
EA2=0
. onths 2n5Service
Seahorse Standard" G months" before washing

Trader" EG months" before washing

C0A :Rosin;
2ntersmooth EG SAC
2ntersmooth 4G SAC
T<T5,ree Technology Dptions @ SAC Acrylate <ased 4European Na igator6 August %MMI :Ro5Ro" %& mo;
C0A
2ntersmooth EG SAC
T<T5,ree Technology Dptions @ SAC Acrylate <ased 4!remen6 .ay & % :,rigate" EG mo.;
T<T SAC
T<T ,ree SAC

T<T5,ree Technology Dptions9 Aerformance vs Arice
T<T <ased
Acrylate SAC
Cybrid
+ C1A .R D, R+A
Rosin <ased
AR2C+
T<T ,ree Technology Dptions 5 Cybrid SACBC0A

C0A :Rosin; Cigh volume solids content Surface tolerant
SAC >ood film properties Aolishing control Thin leached layer Control of biocide release <est aBf performance
Cybrid SACBC0A Cigh volume solids content Aolishing control Surface tolerant >ood film properties Control of biocide release Control of leached layer si(e >ood aBf performance
2nterswift Cybrid

2nterspeed E4 2nterswift G** 2nterspeed E4 2nterswift G**
2nterswift G**9 4Charles 0arwin6 Test Aatches :&& mo.;

9I%one: 6BulFer73 Gan 20053 2A 'o;

< R
io c id a l S A C B C 0 A S A C
o s i n 5 b a s eC d y b r i d C 0 A o lu b le
: S
a t r i$ ;
"nterspeed %&'
"nterswift #$$
"ntersmooth (PC
T<T5,ree Technology Dptions @ Cow to tell the 0ifference/

Rosin based or 4Controlled 0epletion Aolymers6 4Cydration6" 4Ablative6" 4+roding6" 4Aolishing6" 42on +$change6" 4Self Aolishing Types6 or 4Colophony6 Cybrid A mi$ture of Rosin and Acrylate :Copper" Silyl or Jinc; Cow much of each 5 ideally * 9* blend True Self Aolishing" Self Smoothing Copolymers Can only be % ! pure Acrylate" be it Copper" Silyl or Jinc
Cow much Cuprous D$ide/ What and how much booster biocide/
T<T5,ree Technology Dptions @ 1on <iocidal
.hat i# *on BiocidalH
It i# a foul relea#e #y#te' that contain# no %iocide# or poi#on# .orF# %y producing a #urface that fouling organi#'# cannot #ticF to Produce# an e5tre'ely lo, coating roughne## or A&erage (ull +oughne## 6A(+7
Surface Arofiles
Silicone foul release coating 5 freshly sprayed
SAC antifouling 5 freshly sprayed
"oul +elea#e Coating#
"louro Che'i#try repre#ent# the late#t de&elop'ent# in foul relea#e coating# It i# e#ta%li#hed that the 'arine fouling #ecrete an adhe#i&e protein or glycoprotein ,hich i# either hydrophilic or hydropho%ic (a&ing a coating #urface ,hich i# a'%iphilic reduce# the adhe#ion of fouling to the #urface
"oul +elea#e Coating# "luoropoly'er che'i#try repre#ent# the &ery late#t ad&ance# in foul relea#e technology3 #ignificantly i'pro&ing upon the perfor'ance of #ilicone %a#ed #y#te'#; A fluoropoly'er pro&ide# an a'phiphilic #urface3 %oth hydropho%ic and hydrophilic; It ha# %een e#ta%li#hed that 'arine fouling organi#'# #ecrete an adhe#i&e protein or glycoprotein3 either of a hydropho%ic or hydrophilic nature; By ha&ing a %alanced a'phiphilic #urface ,e can 'ini'i#e the che'ical and electro#tatic interaction# %et,een the #urface and the adhe#i&e #ecreted fro' a ,ide range of fouling organi#'#;
"luoropoly'er
(ydrophilic ter'inu# (ydropho%ic 'ain chain (ydrophilic ter'inu#
1anotechnologyN
(ydropho%ic adhe#i&e protein
Species %
Species &
(ydrophilic adhe#i&e protein
hydropho%ic #urface
hydrophilic #urface
(ydropho%ic adhe#i&e protein
Species %
Species &
(ydrophilic adhe#i&e protein
hydropho%ic #urface
hydrophilic #urface

(ydropho%ic adhe#i&e protein (ydrophilic adhe#i&e protein
Species %
Species &
hydropho%ic #urface 6I all #ilicone foul2relea#e7
hydrophilic #urface
,luoropolymer
A'phiphilic #urface 6%oth hydrophilic and hydropho%ic propertie#7
Species %
Species &
hydropho%ic #urface 6all #ilicone foul2relea#e7

Species %
hydrophilic #urface (ydropho%ic adhe#i&e protein (ydrophilic adhe#i&e protein
Species &
,luoropolymer
A'phiphilic #urface 6%oth hydrophilic and hydropho%ic propertie#7

% ies ec p S
Sp ec
ies
&
Cydrophobic adhesive protein
Cydrophilic adhesive protein
"luoropoly'er
Amphiphilic surface :both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties
!ilitary 618807
"le5i%le dry docF inter&al# /&erco'e (igh )peed and Ca&itation pro%le'# Dn&iron'ental i'age and !etal "ree
(igh )peed Cata'aran# 618857

Copper free for Alu'iniu' hull# /&erco'e (igh )peed and Ca&itation pro%le'# Dn&iron'ental i'age
Deep )ea 6188<7

"le5i%le dry docF inter&al# Ultra2#'ooth and )lippery (ull# to reduce "uel con#u'ption Ultra2#'ooth and )lippery (ull# to increa#e #hip# #peed Dn&iron'ental i'age and !etal "ree
Inter#leeF 800 launched 6200=7

I'pro&ed perfor'ance o&er Inter#leeF <00 )uita%le for &e##el# 25I acti&e and 10 Fnot# Ultra2#'ooth and )lippery (ull# to increa#e #hip# #peed Dn&iron'ental i'age and !etal "ree
1on <iocidal ,oul Release Coatings
In co'pari#on to nor'al antifouling3 Inter#leeFJ ha# +educed hull roughne## >o,er coefficient of friction 6reduced drag7 I'pro&ed foul relea#e propertie# @ #tatic perfor'ance +educed #li'e %uild up +e#ulting in fuel #a&ing# And a# a further re#ult reduced #tacF e'i##ion# $ Save money and gain competitive advantage
<efore Cleaning
4)ropic *ure6 ,eb & E Ro5Ro" &*GE dwt" %%- months
+nvironmental ,ootprint
0own by G! for 2nterslee'O M Stac' emissions 0own by G! for 2nterslee'O M <un'er consumption Reduced life5time Aaint consumption
1o biocides registed
Raw material consumption Ca(ardous .aterials :>reen Aassport;
>eneral waste Dily Water <allast water :invasive species; <iofouling :invasive species; 1o animal or weed transit <iocidal release from antifoulings 1o biocides released 20uring application 22n5service 2Removal
! reduction

Aotential fuel savings and less emissions +nvironmental 2mage 0urable P 3ong lasting
3ow HDC
,oul Release system
3ess weight
Antifouling Aerformance
3ess paint initially
3ower .PR costs
2mpact 5Selection of Antifouling Systems
There are a range of fouling5control technologies now on the mar'et which can be very confusing to the vessel owners or operators. 0egree of ,ouling Recoating intervals and the price vs performance criteria ,uel is an important cost when operating a vessel" and this is directly affected by the roughness of the outer hull. Choosing the correct fouling control system can save considerable costs" and also help the environment. ,oul Release coatings are the most effective and preferred method..
TCA1F QD? ,DR QD?R ATT+1T2D1
<oat 2ndiaR I" Cochin %*th 0ec & I
SCA23+SC

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Anti Fouling

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An Update on the Current Antifouling Paint Technology Shailesh Rajan

Boat India08 15th Dec 2008

Bio "ouling "or'ation

+nteromorpha :4.arine >rass6;

Slime ,ouling9 %=& ! increase in drag

Weed ,ouling9 ?p to % ! increase in drag

Shell ,ouling9 ?p to 4 ! increase in drag

0ariou# Antifouling )y#te'#

"oul Control Techni1ue 2 Antifouling Coating# (i#tory

Ship .aterial Antifouling used

2.D A,S Convention

2.D A,S Convention

Rate of biocide degradation To$icity to non5target organisms Aotential for bio5accumulation

Antifouling Coatings @T<T ,ree Technology Dptions

Antifouling Coatings @ T<T ,ree Technology Dptions9 Aerformance vs Arice

Antifouling Coatings @ T<T ,ree Technology Dptions @ Rosin <ased

T<T5,ree Technology Dptions @ Rosin <ased

Anticorro#i&e >eached >ayer B 55 C'

T<T5,ree Technology Dptions @ Rosin <ased

Dn5set of weed fouling on C0A

Antifouling Coatings @ T<T ,ree Technology Dptions @ Rosin <ased

T<T5,ree Technology Dptions

<iocidal Rosin5based Cybrid SAC SAC

1on <iocidal Silicone ,luoropolymer

T<T5,ree Technology Dptions @ SAC Acrylate <ased

T<T5,ree Technology Dptions @ SAC Acrylate <ased

T<T5,ree Technology Dptions @ SAC Acrylate <ased

T<T5,ree Technology Dptions @ SAC Acrylate <ased

1on5Aolishing Reference Amount polished off

T<T5,ree Technology Dptions @ SAC Acrylate <ased

SAC 100 ! ships with ,R L % 80 80 <0 =0 50 0212 1A218 1822E

T<T5,ree Technology Dptions @ SAC Acrylate <ased

Seahorse Standard" G months" before washing

T<T5,ree Technology Dptions @ SAC Acrylate <ased

Trader" EG months" before washing

T<T5,ree Technology Dptions @ SAC Acrylate <ased

T<T ,ree SAC

T<T5,ree Technology Dptions

<iocidal Rosin5based Cybrid SAC SAC

1on <iocidal Silicone ,luoropolymer

T<T5,ree Technology Dptions9 Aerformance vs Arice

T<T ,ree Technology Dptions 5 Cybrid SACBC0A

T<T ,ree Technology Dptions 5 Cybrid SACBC0A

2nterswift G**9 4Charles 0arwin6 Test Aatches :&& mo.;

T<T ,ree Technology Dptions 5 Cybrid SACBC0A

9I%one: 6BulFer73 Gan 20053 2A 'o;

T<T5,ree Technology Dptions

T<T5,ree Technology Dptions @ Cow to tell the 0ifference/

T<T5,ree Technology Dptions

<iocidal Rosin5based Cybrid SAC SAC

1on <iocidal Silicone ,luoropolymer

T<T5,ree Technology Dptions @ 1on <iocidal

.hat i# *on BiocidalH

Silicone foul release coating 5 freshly sprayed

SAC antifouling 5 freshly sprayed

"oul +elea#e Coating#

"oul +elea#e Coating#

(ydropho%ic adhe#i&e protein

(ydrophilic adhe#i&e protein

"oul +elea#e Coating#

(ydropho%ic adhe#i&e protein

(ydrophilic adhe#i&e protein

"oul +elea#e Coating#

hydropho%ic #urface 6I all #ilicone foul2relea#e7

4)ropic ure6 ,eb & E Ro5Ro" &GE dwt" %%- months