Affixes

An affix is a morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word. Affixes may be derivational, like English -ness and pre-, or inflectional, like English plural -s and past tense ed. They are bound morphemes by definition; prefixes and suffixes may be separable affixes. Affixation is, thus, the linguistic process speakers use to form different words by adding morphemes (affixes) at the beginning (prefixation), the middle (infixation) or the end (suffixation) of words.

Positional categories of affixes Affixes are divided into plenty of categories, depending on their position with reference to the stem. Prefix and suffix are extremely common terms. 1. Prefix Prefixes are added to the beginning of an existing word in order to create a new word with a different meaning.

a. Verbs Prefix + Verb Verb Prefix reMeaning Again or back structure visit appear build finance Examples menyusun mengunjungi muncul membangun keuangan Restructure revisit reappear rebuild refinance disReverses the appear muncul disappear menyusun kembali mengunjungi lagi muncul lagi membangun lagi membiayai hilang

meaning of the verb (opposite /

allow arm connect continue

mengizinkan mempersejat ai menghubung kan terus buku tidur kerja

disallow disarm disconnect discontinue

melarang melucuti senjata memutuskan menghentika n

berlawanan)

over-

Too much

Book Sleep work

overbook oversleep overwork

terlalu banyak buku terlalu banyak tidur terlalu banyak bekerja

un-

Reverses the meaning of the verb (Change be Negative)

bend couple fasten

menekuk merangkaika n mengunci memimpin memberitahu kan

Unbend uncouple unfasten

meluruskan melepaskan membuka

mis-

Badly or wrongly

lead inform identify

mislead misinform misdentify

menyesatkan tidak memberitahu kan

mengenali

tidak mengenali

out-

More or better than others

Perform bid

melakukan tawaran

outperform outbid

meng ungguli mengalahkan dlm menawar

be-

Make or cause

Friend little

teman kecil

befriend belittle

berlaku seperti sahabat

 coTogether Exist operate own hidup beroperasi sendiri co-exist co-operate co- own pre-expose prejudge pretest pre-wedding transAcross, over Form cribe plant membentuk penulis menanam transform transcribe transplant

memperkecil hidup bersam bekerja sama milik bersama

de-

Do the opposite of

value select close see

nilai memilih menutup melihat

devalue deselect foreclose foresee

mendevaluasi hapus pilihan menyita melihat terlebih dulu

fore-

Earlier, before

inter-

Between

Act mix face

bertindak mencampur menghadapk an

interact intermix interface

berinteraksi mencampurk an antarmuka sebelum membongkar mempertimb angakan sebelum ujian sebelum menikah

pre-

Before

expose judge test wedding

Membongkar Mengadili Menguji menikah

sub-

Under/ below

Contract divide

kontrak membagi

subcontract subdivide

kontrak tambahan membagi lagi mengubah menuliskan pencangkoka n

under

Not enough

fund sell value develop

dana menjual nilai

underfund undersell undervalue underdevelo p

anggarannya menjual dgn harga yg lebih rendah

mengembang kan

di bawah nilai tergolong kurang

b. Nouns Prefix + Noun Noun Prefix antiMeaning Against Climax thesis biTwo culturalism klimaks tesis Examples anticlimax anthitesis anti klimaks pertentangan

( (Change be Negative ) autoSelf

Biography mobile

Riwayat hidup mobil kebudayaan

autobiograp hy automobile biculturalis m

riwayat diri otomobil

dua kebudayaan bersamasama mendirikan

co-

Joint

founder owner

pendiri pemilik

co-founder co-owner codescendant

memiliki bersamasama

dis-

The converse

comfort like

Kenyamanan suka

discomfort dislike

kegelisahan benci

of exformer chairman hunter ketua pemburu ex-chairman ex- hunter mantan ketua mantan pemburu inThe converse of attention coherence compability perhatian perpaduan kecocokan inattention incoherence incompabilit y kilomalThousand Bad miniSmall publication theory publikasi teori minipublication mini-theory kekurangan perhatatin ketidaklogisa n ketidakcocok an ininterInside between patient Action change ference byte Function treatment nutrition pasien aksi mengubah interferensi byte kegunaan perawatan penerimaan gizi megamisMillion Wrong byte conduct deed management byte kelakuan perbuatan pengelolaan inpatient interaction inter-change interference kilobyte malfunction maltreatmen t malnutrition megabyte misconduct misdeed mismanage ment rawat inap interaksi pertukaran gangguan seribu byte kegagalan penganiayaan kesalahan gizi sejuta byte kelakuan buruk perbuatan buruk salah kelola menerbitkan dalam jumlah kecil teori kecil

out-

Separate

building

tambahan

outbuilding

bangunan tambahan

poly-

Many

syllable

suku kata

polysyllable

kata yg tediri dr lebih dr satu suku kata

re-

Again

assessment examination

penaksiran pemeriksaan

re-assessment reexamination

penilaian ulang pemeriksaan ulang

semi-

Half

circle darkness

lingkaran kegelapan

Semicircle semidarkness

setengah lingkuran setengah gulita

sub-

Below

set division

kumpulan pembagian

subset subdivision

bagian bagian/ cabang

super-

More than, above

set imposition powers

Mengatur Pengenaan kekuatan

superset superimpositi on superpowers

lebih mengatur lebih kena kekuatan lebih

tele-

Distant

communicati on

komunikasi

telecommun ications

komunikasi jauh suara dengan frekuensi tinggi

ultra-

Beyond

sound

suara

ultrasound

under-

Below, too little

Payment development graduate

pembayaran perkembangan lulus

underpaymen t underdevelopment undergraduat

kurang bayar ketinggalan sarjana

vice-

Deputy

president

presiden / ketua

vicepresident

wakil presiden

c. Adjectives Negative + Adjective Adjective Prefix un im inirilnon dis fortunate comfortable lucky fair mature patient probable convenient replaceable legal fiction political neutral loyal similar honest Examples Beruntung Nyaman Beruntung Adil dewasa sabar mungkin mudah tergantikan sah fiksi politik netral setia mirip jujur unfortunate uncomfortable unjust unlucky Immature impatient improbable inconvenient irreplaceable illegal non-fiction non-political non-neutral disloyal dissimiliar dishonest malang tidak nyaman sial tidak adil belum matang tidak sabar mustahil susah tak tergantikan tidak sah non fiksi non politis non netral tidak setia berbeda tidak jujur

d. Numerical A prefix is a syllable at the beginning of a word. A numerical prefix lets you know how many there are of a particular thing. Here are some common numerical prefixes. No 1 Prefix uniMeaning 1 (one ) Example unicorn unique united union universe uniform monorail monogamy monotony monocle monograph monolog bicycle biped biannual binoculars duplex duplicate duet duplicity dual Triceratops triangle triplets tripot triathlon tricycle quadruped quadrangle quintuplets : five babies

mono-

1 (one )

bi-

2 (two)

du-

2 (two)

tri-

3 (three)

6 7

quadrquint-

4 (four) 5 (five)

born at a single birth 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 pentahexsexheptseptoctonovemdecacent5 (five) 6 (six) 6 (six) 7 (seven) 7 (seven) 8 (eight) 9 ( nine ) 10 (ten) hundred pentagon hexapod sextet heptathlon septuplets octopus november decade century centigrad centenarian centiliter centurion hectogram millenium kilogram megaton gigawatt

17 18 19 20 21

hectomilikilomegagiga-

hundred thousand Thousand Million Billion

2. Suffix Suffixes are added to the end of an existing word. Adding surffixes to words can change or add to their meaning. But they can also show how a word will be used in a sentence and what part of speech the word belongs.
a. al membentuk kata benda

Verb RentBuryArriveProposeSewa Mengubur Tiba Mengusulkan Rental Burial Arrival Proposal

Noun Persewaan Penguburan Kedatangan Usul

b. er membentuk kata benda

Verb PlaySmokeSupportCookEditSingBermain Merokok Mendukung Memasak Mengedit Menyanyi Player SmokerSupporter Cooker EditorSinger

Noun Pemain Perokok Pendukung Pemasak Pengedit Penyanyi

c. or membentuk kata benda

Verb TeachActConductCalculateAdviseMengajar Bertindak Melaksanakan Menghitung Menasehati Teacher Actor Conductor Calculator Advisor

Noun Pengajar Aktor Pelaksana Alat hitung Penasehat

d. ance, -ence membentuk kata benda

Verb AttendAcceptAssistDependMenghadiri Menerima Membantu Tergantung Attendance Acceptence Assistence Dependence

Noun Kehadiran Penerimaan Bantuan Ketergantungan

e. ion, -ition, -ation (aksi atau kondisi) membentuk kata benda

Verb AdmiratRepetitAddApplyEducateKagum Ulangi Menambah Menerapkan Mendidik Admiration Repetition Addition Application Education

Noun Admiration Pengulangan Tambahan Penerapan Pendidikan

f.

ment membentuk kata benda Verb GovernManageAchievePunishEnjoyMemerintah Mengelola Mencapai Menghukum Menikmati Government Management Achievement Punishment Enjoyment Noun Pemerintahan pengelolaan Prestasi Hukuman Kenikmatan

g. to mengubah kata benda

Verb To flyTo deceiveTerbang Menipu To flight To deceit

Noun Penerbangan Penipuan

h. able ( dapat ) membentuk kata sifat

Verb LoveMengasihi Loveable

Adjectives Yang patut disayangi

WashMove-

Mencuci Bergerak

Washable Moveable

Yang dapat dicuci Yang dapat bergerak

i.

ness membentuk kata benda Adjective SadNervousSelfishKindUgly Sedih Gugup Egois Baik Jelek Sadness Nervousness Selfishness Kindness Ugliness Noun Kesedihan Kegugupan Egoisme Kebaikan Kejelekan

j.

ism membentuk kata benda Adjective Fanatic Fanatik Fanaticism Noun Fanatisme

k. ify, -fy membentuk kata kerja

Adjective Simple Intensif beauty Sederhana Intens Keindahan To Simplify To Intensify To beautify

Noun Menyederhanakan Mengintensifkan Mempercantik

l.

y membentuk kata sifat Noun CloudFogSunAwan Kabut Matahari Cloudy Foggy Sunny Adjective Berawan Berkabut Cerah

m. less ( tanpa ) membentuk kata sifat

Verb UseHopeRegardPowerAimSmokeTasteMenggunakan Berharap Memperhatikan Menggerakan Mengarahkan Merokok/berasap Mencicipi useless Hopeless

Adjective Tidak bermanfaat Tidak ada harapan Tanpa memperhatikan Tidak berdaya Tanpa tujuan/arah Tanpa asap Hambar

Regardless Powerless Aimless Smokeless Tasteless

Source
http://www.uefap.com/vocab/build/building.htm https://www.dlsweb.rmit.edu.au/lsu../content/4_WritingSkills/writing_tuts/spelling_LL/rules 3.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affix
http://www-01.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOflinguisticTerms/WhatIsAnAffixLinguistics.htm

Affixes

Nama : Sinta Rizki Haryono NPM : 113500156 Kelas : Ilmu Komunikasi D

ILMU KOMUNIKASI TELKOM ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS SCHOOL 2013