Fluorescent light - CitaviFluorescent light - CitaviFluorescent light - CitaviFluorescent light - Citavi Atteia, Ariane; Adrait, Annie; Brugière, Sabine; Tardif, Marianne; van Lis, Robert; Deusch, Oliver et al. (2009): Aproteomic survey of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mitochondria sheds new light on the metabolic plasticity of theorganelle and on the nature of the {alpha}-proteobacterial mitochondrial ancestor. In: Molecular biology andevolution. Online verfügbar unter doi:10.1093/molbev/msp068. AbstractMitochondria play a key role in the life and death of eukaryotic cells, yet the fullspectrum of mitochondrial functions is far from being fully understood, especially inphotosynthetic organisms. To advance our understanding of mitochondrial functionsin a photosynthetic cell, an extensive proteomic survey of Percoll-purifiedmitochondria from the metabolically versatile, hydrogen-producing green algaChlamydomonas reinhardtii was performed. Different fractions of purifiedmitochondria from Chlamydomonas cells grown under aerobic conditions wereanalyzed by nano-liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry(MS) after protein separation on SDS-PAGE or on blue-native (BN)-PAGE. Of the496 non-redundant proteins identified, 149 are known or predicted to reside in other cellular compartments and were thus excluded from the molecular and evolutionaryanalyses of the Chlamydomonas proteome. The mitochondrial proteome of thephotosynthetic alga reveals important lineage-specific differences with other mitochondrial proteomes, reflecting the high metabolic diversity of the organelle.Some mitochondrial metabolic pathways in Chlamydomonas appear to combinetypical mitochondrial enzymes and bacterial-type ones whereas others are unknownamong mitochondriate eukaryotes. The comparison of the Chlamydomonasproteins to their identifiable homologs predicted from 354 sequenced genomesindicated that Arabidopsis is the most closely related non-algal eukaryote.Furthermore, this phylogenomic analysis shows that free-living alpha-proteobacteriafrom the metabolically versatile orders Rhizobiales and Rhodobacterales better reflect the gene content of the ancestor of the chlorophyte mitochondria thanparasitic alpha-proteobacteria with reduced and specialized genomes.Bubenheim, D. L.; Sargis, R.; Wilson, D. (1995): Spectral changes in metal halide and high-pressure sodiumlamps equipped with electronic dimming. In: HortScience : a publication of the American Society for HorticulturalScience, Jg. 30, H. 5, S. 1086–1089. AbstractElectronic dimming of high-intensity discharge lamps offers control of photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) but is often characterized as causing significantspectral changes. Growth chambers with 400-W metal halide (MH) and high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps were equipped with a dimmer system using silicon-controlled rectifiers (SCR) as high-speed switches. Phase control operation turnedthe line power off for some period of the alternating current cycle. At full power, theelectrical input to HPS and MH lamps was 480 W (root mean squared) and could bedecreased to 267 W and 428 W, respectively, before the arc was extinguished.Concomitant with this decrease in input power, PPF decreased by 60% in HPS and50% in MH. The HPS lamp has characteristic spectral peaks at 589 and 595 nm. Aspower to the HPS lamps was decreased, the 589-nm peak remained constant whilethe 595-nm peak decreased, equaling the 589-nm peak at 345-W input, and the589-nm peak was almost absent at 270-W input. The MH lamp has a broader spectral output but also has a peak at 589 nm and another smaller peak at 545 nm. As input power to the MH lamps decreased, the peak at 589 diminished to equal the545-nm peak. As input power approached 428 W, the 589-nm peak shifted to 570nm. While the spectrum changed as input power was decreased in the MH andHPS lamps, the phytochrome equilibrium ratio (Pfr : Ptot) remains unchanged for both lamp types.Schlagwörter Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Environment, Controlled; Light;Lightingmethods; Photons; Photosynthesis; Phytochrome; Plant PhysiologicalPhenomena; Plantsgrowth & developmentmetabolismradiation effectsDilsaver, S. C.: Neurobiologic effects of bright artificial light. In: Brain research. Brain research reviews, Jg. 14,

Fluorescent light - CitaviFluorescent light - CitaviFluorescent light - CitaviFluorescent light - CitaviH. 4, S. 311–333. AbstractBright light is an effective treatment of winter depression. Study of the effects of thistreatment on mechanisms thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of depressive disorders is reviewed. Measurement of a physiological parameter,namely the change in core temperature using an intraperitoneally implanted radiotransmitter sensitive to temperature in freely moving rats, indicates that treatmentwith bright light under various experimental conditions tends to powerfullysubsensitize muscarinic and nicotinic mechanisms. Pulses of bright light during thephase delay portions of the PRC blunt sensitivity to clonidine. Our studies withbright light are consistent with those indicating that heterocyclic antidepressantsand a monoamine oxidase inhibitor produce subsensitivity to the thermic effects of nicotine. Reports of the influences of full-spectrum bright light and its impact ontargeted neurotransmitter mechanisms call attention to the anatomical substratummediating its effects. Possible receptor changes are measurable using receptor binding techniques and quantitative autoradiography. The physiological effects of this interesting treatment raises questions of its impact on coupling mechanismsand second messengers.Schlagwörter Amitriptylinepharmacology; Animals; Antidepressive Agentspharmacology;Braindrug effectsphysiology; Clonidinepharmacology; Darkness; DepressiveDisordertherapy; Humans; Light; Lighting; Nicotinepharmacology;Oxotremorinepharmacology; Phototherapy; Rats; Reference Values; Stress,PsychologicalEames, Matthew E.; Wang, Jia; Pogue, Brian W.; Dehghani, Hamid: Wavelength band optimization in spectralnear-infrared optical tomography improves accuracy while reducing data acquisition and computational burden.In: Journal of biomedical optics, Jg. 13, H. 5, S. 54037. Online verfügbar unter doi:10.1117/1.2976425. AbstractMultispectral near-infrared (NIR) tomographic imaging has the potential to provideinformation about molecules absorbing light in tissue, as well as subcellular structures scattering light, based on transmission measurements. However, thechoice of possible wavelengths used is crucial for the accurate separation of theseparameters, as well as for diminishing crosstalk between the contributingchromophores. While multispectral systems are often restricted by the wavelengthsof laser diodes available, continuous-wave broadband systems exist that have theadvantage of providing broadband NIR spectroscopy data, albeit without the benefitof the temporal data. In this work, the use of large spectral NIR datasets isanalyzed, and an objective function to find optimal spectral ranges (windows) isexamined. The optimally identified wavelength bands derived from this method aretested using both simulations and experimental data. It is found that the proposedmethod achieves images as qualitatively accurate as using the full spectrum, butimproves crosstalk between parameters. Additionally, the judicious use of thesespectral windows reduces the amount of data needed for full spectral tomographicimaging by 50%, therefore increasing computation time dramatically.Schlagwörter Algorithms; Image Enhancementmethods; Image Interpretation, Computer- Assistedmethods; Information Storage and Retrievalmethods; InfraredRaysdiagnostic use; Phantoms, Imaging; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity andSpecificity; Spectroscopy, Near-Infraredinstrumentationmethods; Tomography,OpticalinstrumentationmethodsHall, John L. (2006): Defining and measuring optical frequencies: the optical clock opportunity--and more (Nobellecture). In: Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry, Jg. 7, H. 11, S.2242–2258. Online verfügbar unter doi:10.1002/cphc.200600457. AbstractFour long-running currents in laser technology met and merged in 1999-2000. Twoof these were the quest toward a stable repetitive sequence of ever-shorter opticalpulses and, on the other hand, the quest for the most time-stable, unvarying opticalfrequency possible. The marriage of ultrafast- and ultrastable lasers was brokeredmainly by two international teams and became exciting when a special "designer"

Fluorescent light - CitaviFluorescent light - CitaviFluorescent light - CitaviFluorescent light - Citavimicrostructure optical fiber was shown to be nonlinear enough to produce "whitelight" from the femtosecond laser pulses, such that the output spectrum embraced afull optical octave. Then, for the first time, one could realize an optical frequencyinterval equal to the comb's lowest frequency, and count out this interval as amultiple of the repetition rate of the femtosecond pulse laser. This "gear-box"connection between the radiofrequency standard and any/all optical frequencystandards came just as sensitivity-enhancing ideas were maturing. The four-wayunion empowered an explosion of accurate frequency measurement results in thestandards field and prepared the way for refined tests of some of our cherishedphysical principles, such as the time-stability of some of the basic numbers inphysics (e.g. the "fine-structure" constant, the speed of light, certain atomic massratios), and the equivalence of time-keeping by clocks based on different physics.The stable laser technology also allows time-synchronization between twoindependent femtosecond lasers so exact they can be made to appear as if thesource were a single laser. By improving pump-probe experiments, one importantapplication will be in bond-specific spatial scanning of biological samples. This nextdecade in optical physics should be a blast!Hargreaves, J. A.; Thompson, G. W. (1989): Ultraviolet light and dental caries in children. In: Caries research,Jg. 23, H. 5, S. 389–392. AbstractAnimal experimental work has suggested that ultraviolet radiation reduces dentalcaries incidence. The opportunity to complete a study on children in the 1-ppmwater fluoridated community of Wetaskiwin, Alberta, Canada, through anexperimental school design study, became possible between 1982 and 1984 as inwinter children have to travel to and from school during hours of darkness. Twoclassrooms at the four primary schools in the city had full spectrum lightingintroduced and the 102 children entering grade 5 spent 22 months of study in thesame classrooms; 83 (81%) remained in the trial. Each child had DMFT, DMFS,including degree of caries involvement, gingivitis and oral hygiene indices recorded.Results showed that children receiving the full spectrum light had very low or noincrease in caries incidence over the 22-month period compared with controls.DMFS findings, excluding 'sticky fissures' over the 22-month period, increased from2.67 to 3.23 in the group receiving full spectrum light, compared with an increase of 2.32 to 4.46 in the control group (p less than 0.001).Schlagwörter Alberta; Child; DMF Index; Dental Cariesepidemiologyprevention & control; Female;Humans; Lighting; Male; Ultraviolet RaysHofstetter, John R.; Hofstetter, Amelia R.; Hughes, Amanda M.; Mayeda, Aimee R. (2005): Intermittent long-wavelength red light increases the period of daily locomotor activity in mice. In: Journal of circadian rhythms, Jg.3, S. 8. Online verfügbar unter doi:10.1186/1740-3391-3-8. AbstractBACKGROUND: We observed that a dim, red light-emitting diode (LED) triggeredby activity increased the circadian periods of lab mice compared to constantdarkness. It is known that the circadian period of rats increases when vigorouswheel-running triggers full-spectrum lighting; however, spectral sensitivity of photoreceptors in mice suggests little or no response to red light. Thus, we decidedto test the following hypotheses: dim red light illumination triggered by activity(LEDfb) increases the circadian period of mice compared to constant dark (DD);covering the LED prevents the effect on period; and DBA2/J mice have a differentresponse to LEDfb than C57BL6/J mice. METHODS: The irradiance spectra of theLEDs were determined by spectrophotometer. Locomotor activity of C57BL/6J andDBA/2J mice was monitored by passive-infrared sensors and circadian period wascalculated from the last 10 days under each light condition. For constant dark (DD),LEDs were switched off. For LED feedback (LEDfb), the red LED came on when themouse was active and switched off seconds after activity stopped. For taped LEDthe red LED was switched on but covered with black tape. Single and multifactorial ANOVAs and post-hoc t-tests were done. RESULTS: The circadian period of mice