Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Midday Sun Weekly News Journal Vol 1 No 52
Midday Sun Weekly News Journal Vol 1 No 52
rma&ausmma&a& wHwHwwdkidkif;f;awG
awGaatmuf
tmuf t&d
t&dyyfafaysysmmufufaapp
Weekly
2 2
D e c e m b e r
2 0 1 3
News
V o l
tkyfpkusyfaewJh 'Drdkua&pD
jrefrmUEkdifiHa&; abmvHk;uGif;xJrSm vkyfyGJupm;csifaeMuwJU wkdufppfrSL;awGuvnf;
'Drdkua&pDtoif;xJrSm pm&if;yJygwm? pdwf"mwfajcpGrf;awGu wpfygwDuvyfrSmyif
AvmcsDtjrwf&SmcsifaeMuw,fav/ 'gaMumifU 'Drdkua&pD toif;qdkNyD;
toif;acgif;aqmif a': atmifqef;pkMunftaeeJh b,fvdkyif OD;aqmifOD;aqmif
l;aMumifrl;aMumifeJh aESmifU,SufcsifolawGu pepfwusZmwfwkdufxm;NyD;om;ygyJAs/
pmrsufEmS 22 odYk
jrefrmhabmvHk;udk tm;ay;vdkufyHku
'DZifbm 16&ufwGif &efukefNrdKU ok0Ptm;upm;uGif; jrefrmtoif;ESifh tif'dkeD;&Sm;
toif;wdkY ,SOfNydKifupm;tNyD; jrefrmtoif;tay: tm;rvdk tm;r&jzpfum Facebook
vlru
I eG &f ufpmrsuEf mS xufwiG f txufygtwdik ;f tm;ay;yHu
k kd ,cktywf\taumif;
qHk;"mwfyHktjzpf a&G;cs,fazmfjyvdkufygonf/
1 ,
N o . 5 2
Ak'bmomESifhtpvmrf
bmom0ifwdkhMum;
tjyeftvSefem;vnf
,HkMunfrI&Sd&ef
vkyfaqmifjcif;onf
EdkifiHtem*wf
c&D;twGuf
t"duta&;ygaom
taMumif;&if;wpf&yfjzpfNyD;
'Drdkua&pD yDjyifvmatmif
azmfaqmif&mwGif
tpdk;&twGuf
wpfwyfwpftm;
jzpfaprnfU
r[mtiftm;pk
jzpfayonf/
pmrsufEmS 29 odYk
ajrmufudk&D;,m;ESifh
qufqHrIaMumifh
ukrPDoHk;ckESifh jrefrmppfbuf
t&m&SdBuD;wpfOD; trnfysuf
pm&if;wifoGif;cH&
pmrsufEmS 3 odYk
aMumfjim
t wJG ( 1 ) ? t rS wf ( 5 2 )
w e *F a EG ? 2 2 ? 'D Z if b m ? 2 0 1 3
jynfwGif; 3
v,f,majrjyemrsm;wGif t*wdvkdufpm;rIrsm;&Sdaejcif;aMumifh
ajrmufudk&D;,m;ESifh qufqHrIaMumifh
ukrPDoHk;ckESih f jrefrmppfbuft&m&SdBuD;wpfOD; awmifolrsm;epfemqHk;IH;rIrsm;BuHKawGUae&
t wJG ( 1 ) ? t rS wf ( 5 2 )
w e *F a EG ? 2 2 ? 'D Z if b m ? 2 0 1 3
trnfysuf pm&if;wifoGif;cH&
ajrmufu&kd ;D ,m;Ekid if EH iS hf ppf
vufeufypn;f rsm; ukeo
f ,
G rf v
I yk f
aqmifaejcif;aMumifh jrefrmEkid if rH S
ppfbufqkdif&m t&m&SdwpfOD;ESifh
ukrP
DoH;k ckuk'Pf
d cwfyw
d q
f t
Ykd a&;
,lcJhaMumif; tar&duefEkdifiHu
aMunmvku
d o
f nf/
tar&duefEkdifiH b@ma&;
0efBu;D Xme\'Pfcwf ta&;,lrcI H
&olrsm;rSm Asia Metal ukrP
?D pd;k rif;
xku
d Ef iS hf Excellence Mineral ukrP
D
wdYk yg0ifcNhJ y;D umuG,af &;ypn;f
xkwfvkyfa&; TefMum;a&;rSL;Hk;rS
'kw,
d Adv
k rf LS ;Bu;D ausm
f eG OYf ;D wdyYk g
0ifcahJ Mumif;od&onf/
tar&d u ef E k d i f i H o m;rsm;
taejzifh tqkyd g trnfysupf m&if;
wGio
f iG ;f cH&olrsm;ESihf pD;yGm;a&;vkyf
udik rf rI jyK&efEiS hf if;wd\
Yk ydik q
f idk rf I
rsm;udk xdef;csKyf&efqHk;jzwfxm;
aMumif; xkwjf yefaomaMunmcsuf
azmfjyxm;onf/
aMunmcsuf ]]ajrmufu&kd ;D
,m;qDu ppfbufqidk &f m ypn;f rsm;
eJY vufeuf0,f,la&;rsm;yg0ifrI
awGvyk af qmifcv
hJ Ykdta&;,lwmyg}}
[k azmfjyxm;onf/ jrefrmtpd;k &
onf/ ajrmufu&kd ;D ,m;xHrS vuf
eufr0,f&efwm;jrpfyw
d yf ifxm;rI
udk oabmwlnDcJhaMumif;? jrefrm
tpdk;&udkypfrSwfxm;vkyfaqmif
rnfr[kwaf Mumif;? jrefrmumuG,f
a&;ypnf;xkwfvkyfa&;TefMum;rI
Hk;udkypfrSwfxm;aeaMumif; od&
onf/
tar&duefEidk if \
H wm0ef&dS
olwpfO;D jzpfaom a';Apfw[
kd efu
]]uRefawmfwdkY[m jrefrmEkdifiHeJYa'
owGi;f rSm ajrmufu&kd ;D ,m; rquf
qHa&;udyk g ypfrw
S x
f m; vkyaf qmif
r,f/ajrmufu&kd ;D ,m;&JU zsut
f m;
jyif;vufeufawGeJY tE&m,fudk
EkdifiHwumtzGJUtpnf;awGeJY yl;
aygif;aqmif&Gufr,f}}[k ajymqdk
onf/
NyD;cJhaom Zlvkdifvuvnf;
jrefrmwyfrawmfrS 'kw,
d Adv
k cf sKyf
Bu;D ode;f aX;udk ajrmufu&kd ;D ,m;\
ppfvufeufypnf;a&mif;0,frI
yg0ifywfoufrjI zifh trnfysupf m
&if;wifoGif;cJhzl;onf/ NyD;cJhaom
ESprf sm;u jrefrmEkid if aH &;tajymif;
tvJjrifv
h mrIaMumifh jrefrmtpd;k &
tay:vkyaf qmifxm;aom pD;yGm;
a&;ydwq
f rYkd u
I kd tar&duefu jyef
vnfajzavQmah y;cJo
h nf/ ZMO
\ qHk;jzwfaqmuf&Gufcsufrsm;
tay:wGio
f m apmifMh unfah umuf
csucf s&rnfjzpfaMumif; w&m;vTwf
awmfa&SUaewpfO;D uajymonf/
vuf&w
dS &m;Oya'pd;k rd;k rIEiS hf
ywfoufvnf; awmiforl sm;udk
tumtuG,rf &Sjd cif;aMumifh Xme
qkid &f mrsm;ESihf cdek rD sm;yl;aygif;um
awmifov
l ,form;rsm;tay:wGif
vkycf sio
f vdk vkyaf eMujcif;jzpfNy;D
xdo
k t
Ykd jiif;yGm; v,f,majrrsm;ESihf
ywfouf oufqidk &f mNrKd Ue,f ajr
pm&if;OD;pD;Xmersm;wGif wm0ef&Sd
aMumif; v,form;ta&;aqmif
&Guo
f rl sm;uajymonf/
]]cdkeDeJY Xmeqkdif&mawG yl;
aygif;vkyMf uwJt
h cg w&m;pD&ifa&;
udyk g pdr0hf ifvmNy;D t*wdvu
kd pf m;
rIawGjzpfay:vmwmyg/ vuf&dS ajr
,mtjiif;yGm;rIy#dyu trI 100
avmufrSm awmifolawG wpfrI
awmif rEkid yf gbl;}}[k a&SUae OD;aZmf
0if;u ajymonf/
v,f , majrtwif ; t"r
odrf;,lrIrsm;ESifhywfoufvnf;
EkdifiHawmftpdk;&tBuD;tuJrsm;rS
rlvydkif&Sifa'ocHawmifolv,f
orm;xHv,f,majrrsm;jyefay;a&;
udx
k w
k af zmfajymMum; TeMf um;rIrsm;
jyKvkyfMuaomfvnf; atmufajc
tqifhXmeqkdif&m0efxrf;rsm;rSm
vkdufemaqmif&Gufjcif;rsm;r&SdbJ
awmiforl sm;tay: tmPmtoH;k
csum Ncdrf;ajcmufrIrsm;jyKvkyfMu
aMumif; jyifOD;vGifNrdKUe,f a'ocH
awmiforl sm;uajymMuonf/
xdo
k Ykdbd;k bGm;ydik v
f ,f,majr
rsm;tm; tmPmydik rf sm;ESihf cdek rD sm;
yl;aygif; odr;f ,lxm;jcif;rsm;udk
v,f,majrpHpk rf;ppfaq;a&; aumf
r&Siftaejzifh xdxda&mufa&muf
ppfaq;azmfxkwfay;&efvdktyfNyD;
a'ocHawmiforl sm;\ epfemqH;k I;H
rIrsm;udk tumtuG,fay;aqmif
&Guaf pvdak Mumif; awmiforl sm;u
ajymonf/
PT
t,f'Dwmha&;&m
trIaqmift&m&Scd sKyf
a'guw
f mtdtpd H
t,f'w
D mcsKyf
armifjrifjh rwf
tkycf sKypf rD t
H ,f'w
D m
ausmrf if;cdik f
wm0efct
H ,f'w
D m
atmifoefY (usKad um)f
trIaqmift,f'w
D m
[efopf
owif;t,f'w
D m
[efp;kd
t,f'w
D mtzJUG
pdeo
f mG ;jrm;
pmjyift,f'w
D m
&Jp;kd
'DZikd ;f wm0efcH
[efjrifrh &kd f
owif;axmufcsKyf
ode;f rif;atmif
tBu;D wef;owif;axmuf
atmifcikd Of ;D ? ZJG ? ajr;cspn
f Kd ?rif;0ef
owif;axmuf
0wf&nf? xGe;f xGe;f OD;
bmomjyef
cspaf q G ? aZmfrif;OD;? ausmo
f &l
pmrsuEf mS tjyiftqif
NzKd ;pnfol ? eE ? ppf&D
taxGaxGrefae*sm
xGe;f xGe;f Ekid f
aMumfjimwm0efcH
atmifausmrf ;dk ( 09 4211 07903)
aMumfjimtzJUG
&efuek -f pdik ;f pdik ;f ? csKad 0vGi?f *l;*l;
rEav;-rsK;d 0if;oef;
vlxq
k ufqaH &;
*Reaf omif;
k;H tzJUG
pka0? tdtad xG;
yHEk ydS w
f m0efcH
atmifoufO;D
jzefcY sad &;
&efuek f -aZmfxeG ;f ? atmifjrifh ? wif0if;
rEav;-ae0if;
xkwaf 0ol
OD;pHwif(,m,D-2010)
yHEk ydS f
vrif;yHEk ydS w
f u
kd f ( Nr-J 09947)
trSwf-113(ajrnD)?
32vrf;(v,f) ? yef;bJwef;NrdKUe,f/
apmifa& - 1000
wefz;kd - 300 usyf
H;k csKyf
t wJG ( 1 ) ? t rS wf ( 5 2 )
w e *F a EG ? 2 2 ? 'D Z if b m ? 2 0 1 3
t,f'Dwmhpum;
Munfhaumif;yghrvm; 2015
jrefrmh'Drdkua&pD acgif;aqmif
a':atmifqef;pkMunfu 2008 zGUJ pnf;tkyf
csKyyf kH tajccHOya'udk rjyifygu olrESihf
olrygwDwt
Ykd aejzifh2015 a&G;aumufyu
JG kd
0ifa&muf,OS Nf yKd irf nfr[kw[
f k ajymMum;
csux
f u
G af y:vmonf/ xdo
k q
Ykd ykd gu jrefrmh
EkdifiHa&;c&D;u b,fodkYjzpfvmrnfenf;/
twdu
k t
f cHygwDBu;D wpfck NyKd iyf rJG ES w
k x
f u
G f
jcif;rSm taMumif;csi;f &m rsm;pGm&Srd nfrmS
rvGaJ y/ xdt
k aMumif;jcif;&mrsm;xJrS xdyf
qH;k wpfcrk mS zGUJ pnf;yHjk yifqifa&;jzpfonf/
tEkid &f ygwDtaejzifv
h nf; zGUJ pnf;
yH k j yif q if a &;ud p u d k 2015 rwd k i f c if
udik w
f ,
G &f rnfjzpfovdk jrefrmhEidk if aH &;wGif
yg0ifqjJ zpfaom wyfrawmftaejzifv
h nf;
pOf;pm;oHk;oyfay;&rnfjzpfonf/ jrefrm
Ekid if \
H zGUJ pnf;tkycf sKyyf kH tajccHOya'onf
jrefrmEkid if o
H m;wdik ;f twGujf zpf&ef vGepf mG
ta&;Bu;D ayonf/ wpfpw
kH pfcak om? wpfpkH
wpf&maom taMumif;t&mudk umuG,rf I
jyKvkyfvdk a&;qGJjcif;rsKd;rjzpfoifh[k
aumufcsuq
f &JG rnfjzpfonf/
2015 a&G;aumufyw
JG iG f wwd,ygwD
rsm;vnf; ay:xGuv
f mEkid o
f nf/ wdik ;f &if;
om;ygwDrsm;onfvnf; pkpnf;oGm;Ekdif
onf/ tiftm;BuD;ygwDBuD;ESpfckomru
jyifqifzwfaI y;yg&ef
Ny;D cJo
h nfhrGe;f wnfah e*sme,f twGJ(1) trSwf(48) wGiaf zmfjyyg
&So
d nfh &udK iw
hf yfrawmfrS 'kw,
d Adv
k rf LS ;Bu;D ausm[
f efEiS hf tifwmAsL;
wGif &cdik w
f yfrawmf[k azmfjyjcif; tm; &uKd iw
hf yfrawmf[k jyifqif
zwfaI y;&efEiS hf&uKd iw
hf yfrawmf\ ppfO;D pD;csKyfAdv
k rf LS ;Bu;D xGe;f jrwfeidk f
tpm; &udK iw
hf yfrawmf ppfO;D pD;csKyf Adv
k rf LS ;csKyx
f eG ;f jrwfEikd [
f k jyifqif
zwfaI y;yg&ef arwm&yfct
H yfyg onf/
pD;yGm;a&;
t wJG ( 1 ) ? t rS wf ( 5 2 )
w e *F a EG ? 2 2 ? 'D Z if b m ? 2 0 1 3
&JwcH eG v
f yk u
f u
G rf &S aom obm0
"mwfaiGUudk a&mif;csxm;NyD; xkdif;
PTT ukrP
o
D yYkd v
Ykd w
T af y;aeonf/
xdt
Yk jyif&&Sad om obm0"mwfaiGU
rsm;udk jynfwiG ;f ESihf Ekid if w
H umodYk
xyfraH &mif;csay;aeaMumif; od&
UNODC \tkyc
f sKyrf 'I gku
d f
rS 3wefESifh vmtdkEdkifiHu 41
wefom &Scd ahJ Mumif; od&onf/
Fedotov u ]],ckEp
S t
f wGi;f
ta&SUawmiftm&S&UJ bde;f xkwv
f yk f
rIavhvma&; ppfwrf;rSm bde;f xkwf
vkyrf [
I m wd;k jrifah ew,f/ bde;f zsuf
qD ; rI u d k vk y f a qmif a eygw,f /
'gayrJh yrmPuwd;k jrifah eqJy}J }[k
ajymqdo
k nf/
jrefrmEkid if o
H nf urmwGif
tmz*efepwefEdkifiHNyD;vQif bdef;
pdu
k yf sK;d xkwv
f yk rf I 'kw,
d trsm;qH;k
EkdifiHtjzpf owfrSwfcH&onf/
1998 ESihf 2005 ckEpS t
f wGi;f ta&SU
awmiftm&S bde;f pdu
k yf sK;d xkwv
f yk f
rI yrmPavsmu
h sc&hJ m ukvor*
ESihf a'owGi;f tpd;k &rSm bde;f pdu
k yf sK;d
rI zsuq
f ;D ,if;ae&m tjcm;tpD
tpOfrsm;vkyaf qmif&efpDpOfco
hJ nf/
odaYk omf2006ckEpS rf pS bde;f pdu
k yf sK;d
xkwfvkyfrIrSm ta&SUawmiftm&S
a'owGi;f wd;k jrifrh rI sm; &Scd ahJ Mumif;
xkwjf yefcsuf azmfjyxm;onf/
aZmfrif;OD;
a[mifaumif[dkw,f
pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;pk
[dkw,ftopfaqmufrnf
a[mifaumiftajcpdu
k f [dw
k ,f pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;pkjzpfaom
&Se*f &Dvmtkypf o
k nf jrefrmEkid if w
H iG f [dw
k ,fopfwnfaqmuf&ef
twGuf a':vm 115 oef;&if;ES;D jrK yEf rHS nfjzpfaMumif;od&onf/
xGuaf y:aeaom owif;rsm;t& tqdyk g[dw
k ,fvyk if ef;tkypf o
k nf
tcef;aygif; 350 yg0ifaom [dw
k ,ftopfwnfaqmufrnfjzpf
Ny;D uefawmfBu;D uef;teD;wGif wnfaqmufrnf[o
k &d onf/
tqdyk gxyfraH qmufrnfh [dw
k ,fopfonf &Se*f &Dvm[dw
k ,f
pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;pkrS &efuek Nf rKd U wnfaqmufaom 'kw,
d ajrmuf
[dw
k ,fjzpfvmzG,&f adS eonf/ ,if; vkyif ef;pk\ 'gdu
k w
f m Kuok
koon kwong u ]]aqmufvy
k rf ,f[
h w
kd ,ftopfukd 2016 ckEpS rf mS
tNy;D wnfaqmufomG ;rSmyg}} [k ajymqdo
k nf/
t&yfom;tpd;k & ajymif;vJ vmNy;D aemuf &if;ES;D jrK yEf rHS I vkyif ef;
rsm; [dw
k ,fEiS hf c&D;oGm;vkyif ef; rSm t"duusvsu&f adS e&m jrefrm
Ekid if o
H Ykd,ckEpS t
f wGi;f a&muf&o
dS nfh c&D;oGm;{nfo
h nfrh sm; ,cifEpS f
uxuf28&mcdik Ef eI ;f ausmfjrifv
h mzG,f&Sad eonf/tpd;k &xkwjf yefaom
pm&if;rsm;t& &efuek Nf rKd U [dw
k ,faygif; 200 ausm&f u
dS m tcef;
aygif; 9000ausm&f adS e&m vdt
k yfrrI sm; jzpfay:zG,&f adS eaMumif;od&
onf/
aZmfrif;OD;
jynfwGif;
t wJG ( 1 ) ? t rS wf ( 5 2 )
w e *F a EG ? 2 2 ? 'D Z if b m ? 2 0 1 3
tcef;vdu
k jf yifqifrrI al bmif
wpf&yftaejzifh a&;qGx
J m;jcif;
onf zGUJ pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'yg yk'rf
rsm;onf wpfckESifhwpfck tcsdwf
tqufrsm;&Sad eonft
h wGuf yk'rf
wpfcjk cif;vku
d jf yifqif&ef rvG,u
f l
jcif;aMumifhjzpfNyD; NBF taejzifh
qErsm;udka&SUwef;rwifbJ wkdif;
&if;om;vlenf;pkrsm;\ tcGit
hf a&;
rsm; umuG,Ef ikd af &;qdo
k nfb
h ufrS
csOf;uyfa&;qGJxm;aMumif; csif;
trsdK;om;ygwDrS udk,fi,fyD;u
ajymonf/
]]jzpfEdkifajct&SdqHk; tcsuf
awGujkd yifqifxm;wmyg/ ppfwyf&UJ
tcef;u@awG avQmch swm? tcGihf
ta&;rw&m; awmif;qdkxm;wm
awGr[kwb
f J wef;wlnrD Q&adS &;udk
OD;wnfcsO;f uyf Ny;D a&;qGx
J m;wmyg
}}[k udik ,fy;D u ajymonf/
NBF rS aumfrwDow
Ykd ifjyrnfh
2008zGUJ pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'jyifqif
a&;rlabmifwiG f zGUJ pnf;yHt
k ajccHOy
a'yg tcef; (14) cef;pvH;k yg0ifNy;D
tpdk;&ESifhwkdif;&if;om;rsm;tMum;
vdv
k m;csurf sm;tay:wGif aqG;aEG;
rIrsm;tBurd Bf urd jf yKvyk Nf y;D rS ,ckuhJ
odkY rlabmifwpfckudka&;qGJcJhjcif;
jzpfaMumif; od&onf/
vuf&t
dS ajctaewGiv
f nf;
2008zGUJ pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'jyifqif
Edkifa&;twGuf wkdif;&if;om;tzGJU
tpnf;rsm;? Edik if aH &;ygwDrsm;rS BuKd ;
yrf;vsu&f NdS y;D trsKd ;om;'Dru
kd a&pD
*syeftpm;tpmrsm;udk t&om&Sd&Sdpm;oHk;EkdifwJhqdkif
*syeftpm;tpmrsm;udk t&om&S&d dS pm;oH;k vdo
k rl sm;twGuf &efuek Nf rKd U
'*HNk rKd Ue,f? pum;0gvrf;? trSwf (30) Tokyo BBQ Dining Manpuku qdik u
f kd
'DZifbm 15 &ufwiG f zGiv
hf pS cf ahJ Mumif;od&onf/
,if;qdik u
f kd nae 3 em&DrS n 11 em&Dtxd aeYpOfyrkH eS zf iG v
hf pS o
f mG ;rnf
jzpfNy;D tpm;taomufrsm;udk aps;EIe;f oufompGmjzifh t&om&So
d nfh tpm;
taomufrsm;udrk mS ,lpm;aomufEidk rf nfjzpfonf/ *syefEidk if rH S ESpf 30 tawGU
tBuKH &dS pm;zdrk LS ;rsm;OD;pD;csujf yKwaf om [if;rsK;d aygif; 90 ausmu
f kd rSm,l
pm;aomufEidk rf mS jzpfaMumif;vnf;od&onf/
*syefpwkdiftpm;tpmrsm;udk ESpfoufonfh rdbjynfolrsm;twGuf
aEG;axG;onf0h efaqmifrrI sm; jzifh twl&adS eonfh Tokyo BBQ Dining Manpuku
qdik u
f <kd uvSr;f cJyh g&ef vrf;nTeaf y;vdu
k &f ygonf/
trSww
f q
H yd yf g 'DZikd ;f qef; taEG;xnfrsm;udk 'DZifbm 11
&ufrS30&uftxd10&mcdik Ef eI ;f rS15&mcdik Ef eI ;f txdavQmch s
a&mif;csay;oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;od&onf/
Blanco Fashion qdi
k u
f kd trSwf (3063)? awmf0if
pifwm? 'kw,
d xyf zGiv
hf pS x
f m;Ny;D qdik cf rJG sm;udk trSwf
(199)? Anm;'vvrf;? ,kZeyvmZma&SU? wmarGNrKd Ue,fEiS hf
trSwf (255)? taemf&xmvrf;? (31) vrf;ESihf Adv
k q
f eG f
yufvrf;Mum;? yef;bJwef;NrKd Ue,fvnf; zGiv
hf pS x
f m;
onf/
jynfwGif;
t wJG ( 1 ) ? t rS wf ( 5 2 )
w e *F a EG ? 2 2 ? 'D Z if b m ? 2 0 1 3
38vrf;aps; ra&TYu
tiftm;oHk;rnf[kqdk
ausmufww
H m;NrKd Ue,f&dS 38vrf;aps;tm; 'DZifbm 21 &uf
tNyD;ajymif;a&TU&rnfjzpfNyD; rajymif;a&TUu tiftm;oHk;&rnf[k
ajymaMumif; 'DZifbm 18&ufwiG f ausmufww
H m;NrKd Ue,f pnfyif;kH
aps;ol? aps;om;rsm;ESihf jyKvyk af om tpnf;ta0;tNy;D wGif aps;
onfrsm;\ajymjycsut
f &od&onf/ aps;ol? aps;om; 160 teuf
70OD;wufa&mufco
hJ nfh tpnf;ta0;wGif ausmufww
H m;NrKd Ue,f
pnfyifom,mtkycf sKyaf &;rSL;ESihf pnfyif&w
J yfcrJG LS ;wdu
Yk 'DZifbm 19
aeYrS pwif 'DZifbm 21 &uftNy;D ajymif;a&TU&efEiS hf tiftm;oH;k &
rnfjzpfaomfvnf;zrf;qD;jcif;rsm;rjyKvyk v
f [
kd kajymcJah Mumif;od&onf/
]]38vrf;aps;u w&m;0ifcs ay;xm;wmr[kwaf yr,fh ESpf 80
ausmzf iG v
hf mcJw
h ahJ ps;yg/ ausmufww
H m;NrKd Ue,frmS &Sw
d hJ aps;wpfcyk g/
'D aps;uae Adv
k w
f axmifNrKd Ue,f? td;k tdrf ;kH taemufrmS &Sw
d hJ csr;f ajrh
aps;udk ajymif;&r,fw/hJ tJ'rD mS tus,f 3 ayyJae&m&Ny;D awmh ,mOf
tE&m,fvnf;&Sw
d ,f/ tJ'rD mS oGm;a&mif;wm wpfaeY 1300yJ&w,f/
vH;k 0tqifrajybl;}} [k aps;onfO;D ode;f aZmfuajymonf/
vrf;ol?vrf;om;55a,mufvufrw
S jf zifhNrKd Uawmf0efxw
H idk w
f ef;
xm;onht
f wGuf &Si;f vif;&jcif;yif jzpfaMumif; pnfyifuajymcJah omf
vnf; aps;onfrsm;u ta,muf 100axmufco
H nfv
h ufrw
S jf zifh
qufvufBuKd ;pm;um a&mif;csciG &hf atmifjyKvyk rf nf[o
k &d onf/
38vrf;aeolwpfO;D jzpfol a':rru ]]wkid w
f t
hJ xJ uRerf wdrYk yg
ygbl;/ aps;onfawGukd ud,
k cf si;f pmygw,f/ aps;onfawGu tul
tnDv&kd if ulnrD mS yg}}[kqo
kd nf/38vrf;tay:bavmuf&dSaps;qkid f
160 tm; a&TUckid ;f jcif;jzpfNy;D naeydik ;f te,fe,ft&yf&yfrS vmzGihf
onfh taemf&xmvrf;ay:rS aps;onfrsm;yg0ifjcif;r&Sdao;
aMumif;od&onf/ ZGJ
pyfa&;&m0efBu;D ? &efuek w
f ikd ;f a'o
Bu;D &JwyfzUJG rSL;H;k ponahf e&mrsm;odYk
'DZifbm 16 &ufwGif w&m;0if
wdkifMum; pmay;ydkYcJhaMumif; od&
onf/
txufygtaMumif;t&mESihf
ywfouf tywfpOfaomMumaeY
xkwf Bi rGe;f wnfah e*sme,f twGJ
(1)? trSw(f 1) pmrsuEf mS tcsyyf kd
(D)wGiaf zmfjycJNh y;D jzpfonf/
cdik cf idk f
tvkyo
f rm;rsm; taejzifh wpf&ufvQif bwf
200 0ef;usicf efo
Y m &&Sad e&aMumif;od&onf/
xdjYk yifo;kH em&DMumjrifo
h nfhjr0wD-aumhu
&dwfvrf;tm; wpfem&DomMumjrifhrnfh tm&S
vrf;rBu;D azmufvyk af eaom vkyif ef;cGiw
f iG f
xdik ;f Edik if o
H m;rsm;om vkyt
f m;c jynf0h pGm&&Sd
aMumif;? ,E&m;armif;ESiaf om xkid ;f Edik if o
H m;
wpfO;D vQifbwfaiG 1000 0ef;usicf ef&Y NdS y;D jrefrm
vkyo
f m;wpfO;D vQif bwfaiG 400 0ef;usicf efY
om&&Sad Mumif; OD;rd;k BuKd ;\ajymMum;csuft&od&
onf/
cdik cf idk f
jynfwGif;
t wJG ( 1 ) ? t rS wf ( 5 2 )
w e *F a EG ? 2 2 ? 'D Z if b m ? 2 0 1 3
nDaemifwidk ;f
&if;om;ygwDrsm;zuf'a&;&Si;f NBF
tzGJU0if wkdif;&if;om; 13ygwDrS
udk,fpm;vS,f 35OD;wufa&mufcJh
MuNy;D rlMurf;rsm;wGif vufeufjzKwf
odr;f a&;tcsuo
f nf t"duuGm[
aeonft
h csuw
f pfcsujf zpfaMumif;
wkid ;f &if;om;rsm;uajymonf/
tpd;k &ESihf wkid ;f &if;om;vuf
eufudkiftzGJUtpnf;rsm;tMum;
typftcwf&yfpJa&;vkyfief;rsm;
wGif vuf&Sdtajctaeonf wdk;
wufaumif;rGev
f su&f NdS y;D wpfEidk if H
vH;k twkid ;f twm typftcwf&yfpJ
a&;wGifjynfe,ftqift
h ypf&yfa&;
raqG;aEG;&ao;onfh tzGJUrsm;
yg0ifvm&ef vdt
k yfNy;D txl;ojzifh
tiftm;BuD;tzGJUrsm;yg0if&rnf
jzpfaMumif; Ms.Hanners Siebert
uajymonf/
tpd;k &taejzifh Nird ;f csr;f a&;
vkyfief;pOfrsm;wGif EkdifiHa&;ygwD
rsm;\tcef;u@udk tenf;i,fyg
0ifciG ahf y;vmonfh tajctaewGif
typftcwf&yfpaJ &;twGuf tpd;k &
ESiw
hf idk ;f &if;om;vufeufuikd t
f zGUJ
rsm;rS a&;qGx
J m;onfh rlMurf;pmcsKyf
ESpcf Mk um; uGm[csurf sm;? em;vnfrI
vGJrSm;rIrsm;udk aqG;aEG;jcif;jzpfNyD;
tjyKoabmaqmifaom tBuaH y;
wifjyrIrsm;udv
k nf; ESpzf ufpvH;k odYk
wifjyoGm;rnf[k &ckid w
f idk ;f &if;om;
rsm;wk;d wufa&;ygwD taxGaxGt
wGi;f a&;rSL;OD;vSapmuajymonf/
typftcwf&yfpJa&;pmcsKyf
rsm;wGif yg0ifaom rlabmifrsm;ESihf
rudkufnDaom wnfqJOya'rsm;
jyif q if z suf o d r f ; a&;wd k Y t wG u f
EkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;\ tcef;u@
onf yg0if&rnfjzpfNy;D if;wdt
Yk ae
jzifhvTwaf wmfwiG f oabmwlpmcsKyf
rsm; yg0if a omtcsuf E S i f h
wkdif;&if;om;vufeufudkif
tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;rSvnf; typftcwf
&yfpJa&;pmcsKyfrlMurf;ESpfcktMum;
wGif uGJvGJcsuf 80&mckdifEIef;cefY&Sd
aMumif; xkwfazmfajymMum;xm;cJh
Ny;D if;tay:wGif wef;wlnrD Qr&I dS
aom rlabmifrsm;csrSwfEkdifa&;
twGufaqG;aEG;yGrJ sm;usi;f yaejcif;
jzpfNy;D pmcsKyrf Ml urf;ESpcf t
k Mum;wGif
wkdif;&if;om;ygwDrsm;\ tcef;
u@udk xif[yfap&ef ESpzf ufpvH;k
udktBuHay;rIrsm;jyKvkyfoGm;rnf
jzpfaMumif; csi;f trsK;d om;ygwDru
S kd
i,fyu
D ajymMum;cJo
h nf/
PT
jynfwGif;owif;
t wJG ( 1 ) ? t rS wf ( 5 2 )
w e *F a EG ? 2 2 ? 'D Z if b m ? 2 0 1 3
aqmif&r,f/ Nidrf;csrf;a&;wnf
aqmufru
I kd axmufyahH y;rSmjzpfNy;D
tzGUJ tpnf;toD;oD;Mum; tjyeft
vSeaf v;pm;vku
d ef mrI&&dS r,f/ bm
oma&;eJv
Y rl sKd ;a&;toGiaf qmifwhJ
y#dyuuv
kd nf; &yfwefaY tmifvyk f
aqmifoifyh gw,f}} [k azmfjyonf/
tqdyk gOa&myor*\owif;xkwf
jyefrIonf jrefrmEdkifiHESifh Oa&my
or*Mum; zGUH NzKd ;wd;k wufa&;qdik &f m
vkyfief;rsm;twGuf wdk;jrifhvkyf
aqmif&ef wGe;f tm;ay;ovdjk zpfchJ
Ny;D 2014 rS 2020 twGi;f Oa&my
or*EiS jhf refrmEdik if o
H YkdzGUH NzKd ;wd;k wuf
a&;vkyfief;rsm;wdk;jrifhvkyfaqmif
zG,&f o
dS nf/
ZMO
enf;udk vku
d ef m&rnfjzpfaMumif; xkwjf yef
aMunmxm;onf/
Ny;D cJah om ESpaf tmufwb
dk mvuwnf;
u jrefrmEdkifiHpGrf;tifudk jznfhwif;&ef
yk*v
u
d qdik &f mvkyif ef;rsm;udk vQypf pfxw
k f
vky&f m toH;k jyKciG ahf y;xm;onf/ vuf&dS
tcsed w
f iG f jrefrmEdik if rH mS vQypf pf "mwftcuf
tcJjzpfvsu&f adS e&m ESpf30 vQypf pf"mwftm;
pDru
H ed ;f udk vkyaf qmifvsu&f adS eonf/
b@ma&;tcuf t cJ r sm;aMumif h
a&tm;vQypf pf "mwftm;ay;pufkH ckepfc?k
a&aEG;aiGUoH;k pufkH oH;k ckEiS hf ausmufr;D aoG;
oHk;pufHk ESpfck rwnfaqmufEdkifrIaMumifh
"mwftm;5000r*g0yfavsmeh nf;cJ&h aMumif;?
jrefrmEdik if w
H iG f vQypf pf"mwftm;ESppf Of 15
&m cdik Ef eI ;f wd;k jri v
hf su&f adS e&m 2015 ckEpS w
f iG f
r*g0yf 3000 eD;yg;xd wd;k jri v
hf mrnfjzpf
onf/
tpd;k &taejzifv
h nf; vQypf pf"mwf
tm; pDru
H ed ;f udk taumiftxnfazmf&ef
wpfO;D wnf; raqmif&u
G Ef ikd af omaMumifh
jynfwGif;ESifh EdkifiHjcm;&if;ESD;jrKyfESHolrsm;udk
vQypf pf"mwftm;twGuf vma&muf&if;ES;D
jrK yEf &HS ef zdwaf c:jcif;vnf;jzpfonf/
ZMO
jrefrm? uarm'D;,m;
qefwifoGif;rIudk
pHkprf;rIvkyfrnf
r[kwf[k
Oa&myor*qdk
pdkufysKd;arG;jrLa&;aumifpD
onf Oa&mywGif qefwifydkYrIjrifh
rm;aejcif;ESihf ywfoufpHpk rf;ppf
aq;rIrsm;jyKvyk &f ef Oa&myaumfr
&SifxH awmif;qdkrIrsm; jyKvkyfcJh
aMumif;od&onf/
pdu
k yf sK;d arG;jrLa&; aumif pD\
tzGUJ 0ifEidk if rH sm;jzpfaom tDwvDEiS hf
useif g;Ekid if u
H pkaygif;awmif;qdrk I
vkyaf qmifcjhJ cif;jzpf&m txl;ojzifh
jrefrmESifh uarm'D;,m;EkdifiHwdkY\
qefwifoiG ;f rIukd tao; pdwpf pkH rf;
avhvm&ef awmif;qdkcJhjcif;jzpf
onf/
odkYaomf Oa&myor*u
vuf&t
dS csed w
f iG f aps;uGuf jzpfay:
aeaomrnDrQrIrsm;udk pHkprf;ppf
aq;rIvkyaf qmifrnfr[kwaf Mumif;?
tajctaersm;udv
k nf; apmifMh unfh
rIvyk af qmifomG ;rnf[k 'DZifbm
16 &ufu b&ufqJvfNrdKUwGif
usif;ycJhaom pdkufysKd;arG;jrLa&;
aumifpt
D pnf;ta0; ajymqdo
k mG ;
onf/
ZMO
10
rEav;
t wJG ( 1 ) ? t rS wf ( 5 2 )
w e *F a EG ? 2 2 ? 'D Z if b m ? 2 0 1 3
\ rEav;a'oqdkif&m udk,fpm;
vS,f udAk nm;OD;uajymonf/ ud,
k f
wkid fHIVa&m*g&So
d nfukdodorl sm;xH
rS tjcm;olrsm;odYk ul;pufjcif;xuf
rodolrsm;xHrSul;pufcH&EIef;uydk
rsm;aMumif; if;uajymonf/
HIV udktcrJh ppfaq;EdkifNyD;
vdktyfonfrsm;udk tpdk;&uvHkvHk
avmufavmufay;xm;aMumif; rE
av;wdik ;f a'oBu;D ckct
H m;usqif;rI
ul;pufa&m*gESihf umvom;a&m*g
wdu
k zf suaf &;wm0efcH q&m0efBu;D
a'gufwmausmpf ;kd uajymonf/ xdYk
jyif ul;pufenf;rsmteuf vdif
aMumifu
h ;l pufc&H ol 90 &mckid Ef eI ;f
txd&adS Mumif;ajymonf/ xdaYk Mumifh
a&m*g wm;qD;umuG,af &;tpDt
pOfwiG f tjyKtrlt&ul;pufEikd af jc
&So
d rl sm;teuf cEmud,
k &f if;Ny;D pD;
yGm;&Smaom trsKd ;orD;rsm;ESihfif;wdYk
\tdraf xmifbufrsm;?cspo
f rl sm;ESihf
azmufonfrsm;udka&m*gjzpfymG ;EIe;f
pGmod&rSom aq;0g;ukoNyD; om
rmef vlwpfa,mufuo
hJ aYkd exdik o
f mG ;
Edik rf nfjzpfaMumif; HIV ESiahf exkid o
f l
rsm;u ajymonf/
jrefrmEdkifiHwpfEdkifiHvHk;wGif
ckcHtm;usqif;rIul;pufa&m*gESifh
umvom;a&m*gwkdufzsufa&;t
zGUJ aygif; 40 ausm&f NdS y;D todynmay;
a&; vkyif ef;tygt0if vkyif ef;pOf
10 ckuv
kd yk af qmifvsu&f adS Mumif;
od&onf/
aEGO;D
rdwDvm&Sd rD;avmifae&mrsm;
tpm;xdk;csxm;ay;jcif;rSm epfemrIrsm;&Sdae
rEav;NrKd w
Y iG ;f
City Bus ,mOfBu;D rsm;
ajy;qGrJ nf
rE a v;wk d i f ; a'oBuD ;
,mOf vkyif ef;rsm;Bu;D MuyfraI umf
rwD (,- u-u)onf rEav;NrKd U
wGi;f City Bus ,mOfBu;D rsm;jzifh
NrKd UwGi;f c&D;onfajy;qGyJ aYkd qmif
Ekid &f ef tpDtpOf&adS Mumif; if;Xm
erSppkH rf;od&&dS onf/
]]vuf&Sd,mOftoif;awG
u tiftm;wwfEkdifwJh,mOfydkif
&Siaf wGudCity
k BusawGtp;xd;k 0,f
,lajy;qGEJ idk af tmif oufqidk &f m
awGeJY ndEIdif;ay;r,f/ wjcm;
yk*v
u
d ukrP
aD wGu wifoiG ;f
vmwJh City Bus awGukd tusK;d wl
yl;aygif;ajy;qGaJ patmif pnf;H;k
&rSmyg/ aemufyikd ;f rSm ,-u-u
taeeJY ud,
k yf ikd u
f rk P
D axmifNy;D
tpk&SifawGeJYvkyfoGm;rSmyg}}[k
,-u-u(NrKd UwGi;f )rSwm0ef&o
dS l
wpfO;D uajymonf/
NrdKUwGif;ajy;qGJaeaom
c&D; onf,mOfvidk ;f rsm;wGif'dik ef m
,mOf 117pD;? [dkif;vwf,mOf
12pD;? vdkufx&yf,mOf 324pD;?
pkpak ygif; 453 pD;jzifh ,mOfvikd ;f
44ckrS ajy;qGJay;aejcif;jzpfNyD;
,mOftdk,mOfa[mif; tyfESHa&;
pDrcH suw
f iG f csuyf vuf,mOfrsm;
tyfESH vkdufx&yf,mOfESifh
'dik ef m,mOfrsm; tpm;xd;k ajy;qGcJ hJ
aMumif; od&onf/
City Bus rsm; w&m;0ifwif
oGif;0,f,lNyD; vuf&Sdajy;qGJae
aom 'dik ef m? [dik ;f vwf? vku
d x
f &yf
,mOfrsm;udk wjznf;jznf;avsmh
enf;oGm;atmif vkyfaqmif
NrdKUwGif; c&D;onfydkYaqmifa&;
tqifjh rifrh m;vmap&ef rEav;
wkid ;f a'oBu;D tpd;k &tzGUJ \yHyh ;kd
ulnDrIrsm;vdktyfaeonf[k qdk
onf/
,mOfvyk if ef;rsm; Bu;D MuyfrI
aumf r wD ( Nrd K UwG i f ; )taejzif h
aeYpOf ,mOftpD;a& 407pD;jzifh
c&D;onfaygif; ig;aomif;av;
axmifausmu
f kd o,f,yl aYkd qmif
ay;aeaMumif;? NrKd U wGi;f ,mOf&yf
rSww
f idk f 190ESihf c&D;onfem;ae
aqmif 54aqmifjyKvkyfxm;NyD;
jzpfaMumif;od&&dS onf/
]]rEav;rSm bwfpfum;
pD;wJhol &mckid Ef eI ;f enf;vGe;f w,f/
[d k i f ; vwf , mOf r S m awmif vl
tjynfhr&Sdbl;/ City Bus qdk&if
"mwfqzD ;kd eJ&Y wJch &D;onfeYJ 0ifaiG
tqifajyrSmr[kwb
f ;l / &efuek f
rSmqd&k ifawmh bwfpu
f m;toH;k
jyKMuawmh c&D;onftjynfhyJ/
rEav;uqkdifu,fyJ tm;xm;
wJNh rKd Uqdak wmh b,fomG ;oGm; qkid f
u,fyo
J ;kH Muwmyg}}[k ,mOfvidk ;f
toif;wpfckrS if;wdkY\tjrif
udak jymMum;cJo
h nf/
ajr;cspn
f Kd
tMurf;zufy#dyursm;jzpf
yGm;cJhonfh rdwDvmNrdKU&Sd rD;avmif
oGm;onfhae&mrsm;tm; jyefvnf
tpm;xd k ; csxm;ay;rnf h t pD p Of
onf epfemrIrsm;&Sad eonf[k rdwD
vma'ocHrsm;uqufo,
G af jymqdk
cJo
h nf/
]]t&ifwkef;u ay 30_50
tuG u f a wG t ay:rS m tck ay
20_40tcef;awGu
kd Nf y;D taxmuf
txm;trSefjyEkdifwJhvludkyJay;
r,fqNkd y;D wm0ef&o
dS al wGuac:ajym
w,f/ uReaf wmfwYkd e*drk v
l ydik q
f idk f
wJh taetxm;xuf trsm;Bu;D epf
emygw,f}}[k ajruGujf yefvnf&,l
vdo
k nfh epfemolwpfO;D uajymMum;
onf/
,if;odkYajruGufjyefvnfcs
xm;ay;rnfhtpDtpOftm; wkdif;
a'oBu;D 0efBu;D csKy?f rdwv
D mcdik rf LS ;
ESihf &efuek Nf rKd UrS a&mife'fAvDro
d m;
pk[t
k rnfcx
H m;aom aqmufvyk f
a&;ukrPDwpfckwdkYyl;aygif; vkyf
aqmifMujcif;jzpfNy;D ukrP
b
D ufu
vnf; xdktpDtpOfudk oabmwl
vufcaH Mumif; vufrw
S rf sm;vku
d v
f H
&,laeonf[k od&&dS onf/
]]olwaYkd y;wJw
h u
dk cf ef;awGukd
,lzo
Ykd abmwlygw,fqNkd y;D pcef;xJ
rSm vufrSwftwif;vkdufxdk;ckdif;
w,f/ rxd;k wJo
h al wGuv
kd nf; Ncrd ;f
ajcmufwmrsKd;awG&Sdaew,f}}[k
'kuonfpcef;twGif; aexkdifMu
olrsm;uajymqdo
k nf/
xku
d o
hJ Ykdjyefvnfae&mcsxm;
rIudk ESpfzufepfemolrsm;u vHk;0
tvdkr&Sdonfhtjyif e*dkrlvrdrdwdkY
ydkifqkdifxm;onfhtuGuftwkdif;
jyefay;Mu&ef awmif;qdrk u
I kdrdwv
D m
cdik rf LS ;jzpfou
l jiif;qdo
k nfh tjyif
,ckvyk af y;aeonfh tpD tpOftm;
vufrcHvQif 'kuonfpcef;wGif
wpfoufvHk;aexkdifoGm;&rnf[k
ajymqdck ahJ Mumif;od&&dS onf/
]]olwu
Ykd wku
d cf ef;yHpk aH wGukd
ADEdkif;awGxkwfNyD; vkdufuyfw,f/
Ak'b
mombufuvnf; vufrcHwhJ
tjyiftJ'yD pkH aH wGvmuyfwmawmif
armif;xkwfvkdufMuw,f/ uRef
awmfwdkYbufuawmh 0ifuyfoGm;
w,f/ udk,fhae&mtwkdif;jyefay;
r,fvYkd tpd;k &u aMunmxm;cJNh y;D rS
tckMuawmhb,fvdkjzpfoGm;wm
vJ}}[k a'ocHwpfO;D uajymonf/
tqkdygudpESifhywfouf
aqmufvyk af &;vkyaf qmifrnfhukr
PDbufukd qufo,
G cf ahJ omfvnf;
qufo,
G rf rI &&Scd ahJ y/ ajr;cspn
f Kd
yk*v
u
d ydik rf sm;jyKvyk u
f m jyefvnf
a&mif;csrrI sm;jyKvyk af eMuaMumif;
awmiforl sm;uajymonf/
v,f,majrrsm;odrf;,lpOf
u pDru
H ed ;f rsm;[kq&kd mwGif aumfz?D
yd;k Zm? toHviT hf ?kH wyfajr? opfawm
BudK;0dik ;f ajrrsm;[kqu
kd m odr;f ,lcJh
Mujcif ; jzpf a omf v nf ; pD r H u d e f ;
taumiftxnfazmfvyk u
f ikd rf rI sm;
rSm &mckdifEIef;tenf;i,fomvkyf
udik cf MhJ ujcif;jzpfNy;D pDru
H ed ;f taumif
txnfrazmfonfah jrrsm;? ydv
k QaH jr
rsm;ud k a'ocH a wmif o l r sm;xH
jyefvnfay;tyfjcif;r&Sb
d J vufoifh
&may;jcif;rsm;udv
k nf; jyKvyk rf rI sm;
&Sad Mumif;od&onf/
pDru
H ed ;f odr;f qnf;ajrrsm;rSm
jyifO;D vGiNf rKd Ue,ftwGi;f yif v,f
ajr{uwpfoed ;f cef&Y EdS idk Nf y;D pDru
H ed ;f
pdu
k cf if;rsm;udk tenf;tusO;f om
pdu
k yf sK;d MuNy;D if;pdu
k cf if;trsm;pkrmS
vnf;atmifjrifrrI &Sb
d J pDru
H ed ;f rsm;
&yfqidk ;f xm;rIawGU&aMumif; awmif
oltodynmzGUH NzKd ;wd;k wufa&; uGef
&uftzGJU0if OD;aZmfoef;uajym
onf/
odr;f qnf;ajrrsm;ay:wGif pD
rHudef;taumiftxnfazmfonfh
cdkeDvkyfief;&Sifrsm;taejzifh pDrH
ude;f pdu
k cf if;rsm; atmifjrifrrI &Sb
d J
ypfxm;&mrS pD;yGm;a&;t& ajraps;
rsm; aumif;vmonft
h cgwGif jyef
vnfvma&muf Ncu
H u
G rf sm;du
k f
um a&mif;csvsu&f adS Mumif; ajrodr;f
cHawmifow
l pfO;D uajymonf/
awmiforl sm;taejzifh ,aeY
rdrw
d v
Ykd ,f,majr rsm; jyefvnf&&Sd
a&;twGuf wifjywkdifMum;rIrsm;?
awmif;qdkrIrsm;jyKvkyfvmMuonfh
tcsdefwGif twif;t"rv,f,m
ajrrsm;odr;f ,lxm;aom ukrP
rD sm;
taejzifh csucf si;f ausmufwidk rf sm;
pdu
k u
f m NcpH nf;d;k cwfjcif;rsm;? qkid ;f
bkwfaxmifjcif;rsm;jyKvkyfMuNyD;
bd;k bGm;ydik v
f ,f,majrrsm;ay: jyef
vnfxeG ,
f ufpu
kd yf sK;d onfh awmif
olrsm;udk w&m;pGq
J zkd rf;qD;axmif
csjcif;rsm;jyKvyk Mf uaMumif; awmif
olrsm;uqdo
k nf/
xdkYtjyif EkdifiHawmfpDrHudef;
rsm;? wyfyikd af jr? opfawmydik af jrrsm;
[kqu
kd m odr;f ,lxm;Muonfh v,f
ajrrsm;udv
k nf; tcsKUd aomtmPm
ydik yf *k Kd vrf sm;rS yk*v
u
d ydik rf sm; jyef
vnfjyKvkyfum a&mif;csjcif;rsm;?
NcpH nf;d;k cwfjcif;rsm; jyKvyk v
f su&f dS
onf/
P.T
jynfolYpum;
t wJG ( 1 ) ? t rS wf ( 5 2 )
w e *F a EG ? 2 2 ? 'D Z if b m ? 2 0 1 3
11
w,f/
vS/ / 'gqdk cifAsm;ajymcsiw
f mu tJ'D
ode;f 1000 udk b,fae&mrSmoH;k
r,fqw
kd mudkcsjyapcsiw
f mvm;/
jr/ / csjyapcsifwmr[kwfbl;/ csudk
csjy&rSm? 'grSvTwfawmftrwf
awGu,
dk rhf q
J Ee,ftwGuf bm
awGvkyfay;vJqdkwm rJqE&Sif
jynfolawGuodrSmav/ 'grS
vnf; yGifhvif;jrifomrI&SdrSm
r[kwv
f m;/
vS/ / cifAsm;Asm pum;udak uGU0du
k f Ny;D
ajymaew,f/ wJw
h ;kd yJajymvdu
k f
prf;yg/ cifAsm;jzpfapcsiw
f mu
a'ozGHUNzdK;a&;twGuf csay;
vdu
k w
f hJode;f 1000 udv
k w
T af wmf
trwfawG b,fae&mrSmoHk;
w,f? b,fvkd oH;k w,fqw
kd m
odcsiw
f mr[kwv
f m;/
jr/ / aocsmwmayghAsm/ 'gayrJ'h gu
usKyf wpfa,mufwnf;odcsif wJh
udpr [kwb
f ;l As/ rJqE&iS f jynf
oltrsm;pk&JU qEAs/ cifAsm;
pOf;pm;Munfah v ? 'DacwfrmS ode;f
1000 qdw
k mbmrS&w
dS m r[kwf
bl;/ 'gayrJha'ozGHUNzdK;a&;vkyf
zdw
Yk pfjym;wpfcsyrf S r&Sw
d mxuf
pm&if 'Dodef; 1000 uawmfHk
wefkHtaxmuftulr[kwb
f ;l /
'g aMumifh a'ozGUH NzKd ;a&;udk xdxd
a&mufa&muf? jrifjrifxifxif
vkyaf pcsiw
f m/
vS/ / cifAsm;wkdY? usKyfwdkYawGodawmh
a&m bmjzpfvmrSmvJ/
jr/ / [ udv
k aS qmif& cifAsm;wdYk usKyf
wdo
Yk ad wmh rvkt
d yfwahJ e&mawG
rSm oH;k xm;&if 'grSr[kwOf ;D pm;
ray;oifw
h ahJ e&mawGrmS OD;pm;
ay;NyD;oHk;xm;&if axmufjyvdkY
&wmayghAs? A[dt
k pd;k &&JU bwf
*suf toH;k p&dwaf wmif rvdt
k yf
&if j zwf a wmuf &ao;wmyJ ?
a'ozGHUNzdK;a&;vkyfwJhtcgrSm
vnf; rvdktyfwmawG? OD;pm;
ray;oif h w mawG y gaew,f
qd k & if a wmh axmuf j y&rS m yJ ?
jzpfEdkif&if t&yfbufvlUtzGJU
tpnf;awGu ode;f 1000 eJv
Y yk f
r,fah 'ozGUH NzKd ;a&;vkyif ef;awG
b,favmufxx
d ad &muf a&muf
jzpfrvJqdkwmudk apmifhMunfh
a0zefoifw
h ,fAs/
vS/ / vGecf w
hJ hJ q,fpEk pS af wGu 'Dvkd
a'ozG H Y N zd K ;a&;vk y f z k d Y t wG u f
&efyHkaiGcsay;wmvnf;r&Sdbl;?
vkyrf ,fo
h v
l nf;r&Sb
d ;l / tckqkd
&efyHkaiGvnf;csay;w,f/ vkyf
r,fhvTwaf wmftrwfawGvnf;&Sd
w,f/ t&ifxufpm&if tvm;
tvm trsm;BuD;aumif;vm
w,f/ 'gudkcifAsm;wdkYu apmifh
MunfhzdkYaumif;w,f/ bmnm
qdkwm enf;enf;rsm;rvGefbl;
vm; ? rk'w
d mav;yGm;prf;ygAsm/
ud,
k rf S rvkyEf ikd b
f /J olrsm;vkyf
wmudk ra0zefprf;ygeJAY sm/
jr/ / cifAsm; rSm;aeNyAD s udv
k aS qmif?
tJ'DvdkapmifhMunfhw,f? a0zef
axmuf j yw,f q d k w m ud k , f h
tvkyu
f ,
kd v
f yk w
f mAs?vTwaf wmf
trwfawGuvnf; olwu
Ykd akd &G;
aumufwifajrmufvdkufwJh rJ
qEe,fu rJqE&iS jf ynfoal wG
twGuf a'ozGHUNzdK;a&;vkyfay;
w,f/ 'g[molwdkYtvkyfolwdkY
vkyw
f m/
vS/ / usKyu
f bmrSrjzpfb;l As / wpf
a,mufeJYwpfa,muf? wpfzGJUeJY
wpfzUJG roifrh wifjh zpfNy;D a'ozGUH
NzKd ;a&;rvkyEf ikd b
f J 'H&k if;u 'H&k if;
jzpfaerSmudk pdk;&drfwmwpfckyJ
&Sw
d ,f/
jr/ / rpd;k &dryf geJAY sm/ tck[mu wwf
Edik o
f rQtrSm;t,Gi;f enf;atmif
tjyeftvSex
f ed ;f nd rIqw
kd rhJ suf
vH;k awGeyYJ J apmifhMunfhoGm;MurSm
yg/ 'Drdkua&pDrSm tjyeftvSef
xde;f ndr rI &S&d if olvt
J mPm &Si?f
t&if;&Sifpepfvdk jzpfoGm;rSm
r[kwv
f m;/ t&if;&Sipf epfvjkd zpf
oGm;rSmr[kwv
f m;? wu,fawmh
cifAsm;awG;Ny;D yloifw
h mu tJ'g
As? tJ'g/
12
aqmif;yg;
bmomt,ltqrsm;onf avmb?
a'go?arm[? rmefrme? tbdZm? rp&,
d
rnfaom tw&yd rf sm;uif;a0;um Nird ;f csr;f
at;jraom tmoDo raemqErsm;ayguf
zGm;vmaprnfh pm&dwpdwf0dnmOf xdef;
uGy&f m r@dKiMf u;D wpfcjk zpfayonf/ urmOD;
tpu vlom;wdo
Yk nf a&Munf&m jrufE&k m
&SmazG&if; tkypf zk UJG aecJv
h mMu&mrS ,HMk unf
&m udk;uG,frIrsm;udk pwifvmcJhonf/
ud;k uG,rf I bmomt,lukd taMumif;jyK
vltcsi;f csi;f todtjrif? cHpm;csu?f oabm
xm;em;vnfrzI vS,u
f m pnf;vH;k nDnw
G rf ?I
o[Zmwjzpf r I ? Nid r f ; csrf ; om,mrI u d k
t"dym ,fziG q
hf &kd ef ouf0ifvmcJMh uonf/
wjznf;jznf; todtjrift,ltq wd;k wuf
vmonfEiS t
hf rQ bmomuGjJ ym;rI? ,HMk unf
csu"f avhpdu
k f jcm;em;rIrsm; uGjJ ym;qef;opf
um trsKd ;trnfpv
kH ifc&hJ onf/
"avhw?l pdu
k w
f ?l oGijf yifvuPmwl
olrsm;u rsKd ;EG,pf w
k rl sm;[k bmombm0
owfrw
S v
f mMuum urmay:wGif vlom;
rsKd ;EG,pf rk sm; &mcsu
D jJG ym; tkypf zk UJG vmMuNy;D
ud;k uG,&f mbmomaygif;pHk ouf0ifaeMu
onf/ uGjJ ym;&mrS cGjJ cm;vmonf/ cGjJ cm;&mrS
jcm;em;vmum ol p d r f ; qef v monf /
olprd ;f qefvmum tjypfjrifvm&mrS &efol
ozG,f tjiKd ;xm;vmMuonf/
rdrd\yk*dKvfu taoG;tom;? rdb
aqGrsKd ;? vlrsKd ;? Edik if ?H ydik q
f ikd rf pI aom t&mrsm;
xuf vufqyk v
f ufuikd af zmfjyr&aom
,HMk unfu;kd uG,&f mbmomw&m;udk wefz;kd
xm;rIpw
d Z emrf apmfum;cH&vQifqwfqwf
xdrcH cHpm;&jcif; 'D*&Dtwdkif;twmrSm
vlom;wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; xyfwlusonf/
t&m&muGjJ ym;Muaomfjim; bmoma&;cH
,lcsut
f ay: apmfum;cH&aomtcg ayguf
uGcJ pH m;rI? wHjYk yefrx
I yfwu
l saejcif;udk rnf
onfh ed,mr? rnfonfo
h t
D &kd ED iS t
hf ajz&Smr
&Sif;jyEdkifyg/ [kwfygonf/acwfpepfodyH
ynmrnfrQyifwdk;wufajymif;vJvmygap
rdr,
d kH Munfu;kd uG,&f m bmomw&m;tm;
apmfum;cH&aomtcg vlom;wdik ;f cHjyif;em
MuOf;vufwjYkH yefvpkd w
d jf zpfymG ;&pNryJ g/
jrefrmhordik ;f acwftqufqufwiG f
vlom;rsdK;EG,fpk pwiftajccsaexdkifu
wnf;u vlrsKd ;? d;k &m"avh? ,Ofaus;rIx;kH
wrf;pOfvmrsKd ;pHEk iS b
hf momt,l0g'toG,f
oG,f ouf0if,HkMunfrIrsm;ESifh uGJjym;pGm
aygif;pyfzUJG pnf;xm;onfukdawGUjrif&onf/
uGJ jym;jcm;em;aomfvnf; cEDw
&m;xm;um
wpfO;D udw
k pfO;D epfemaprnft
h ajymtqdk
tjyKtrlrsm;a&Smif&mS ; oifjh rwfaysm&f iT f
pGmaexdik cf MhJ uonf/
,ck'Drdkua&pDpepfajymif;jrefrmhvlU
todik ;f t0dik ;f wGif'Dru
dk a&pD\vGwv
f yf cGihf
t wJG ( 1 ) ? t rS wf ( 5 2 )
w e *F a EG ? 2 2 ? 'D Z if b m ? 2 0 1 3
um wpfzufEiS w
hf pfzuf wpfO;D udw
k pfO;D epf
ematmifjyKrlajymqdk a&;om;vm
onf/Edik if Ha&; NyKd ib
f uf? pD;yGm;a&;NyKd if
bufrsm;Mum; ,cifuuJo
h Ykdvuf0g;Bu;D
tkyf csKyfjc,fvS,fcGifhr&bJ yGifhvif;jrif
om&Srd ?I ,SONf yKd if vkyf aqmifvm&aomtcg
bmoma&;bufoYkd
ta&NcKH toGiaf jymif;
um cGuf apmif; ckwaf jcxd;k
vmMuonf/
'Dru
kd a&pDu ay;aom vGwv
f yf
pGm xkwaf zmfciG u
hf kd qJqckd iG ?hf dik ;f pdik ;f cGihf
txl; ygrpfyrmvd&k mqGt
J oH;k cs vmonf/
tpd;k & u wm0ef,rl rI &Sad omtcg vlxu
k
pm&dw azmuf ,Ofaus;rIaysmufvmonf/
trsm; nDvQif udk ]uR}J [k zwf&onf[k
xifjrif vmonf/ acwfay: a&pD;aMumif;
aemuf vdu
k u
f m qdik ;f oHAo
kH MH um;u vlpnf
wwfaom jrefrmh"avhpdu
k u
f kdtoH;k csum
EdkifiHa&;?pD;yGm;a&; tjrwfxkwfaerI
rsm;udk zH;k uG,v
f rf;vT&J ef bmom
a&;vIid ;f wHy;kd rsm;Mum; vIid ;f cdpk ;D xm;
cdik ;f onfukvl
d wpfpkuonf;ajcBuKd ujf zpfae
Muonf/ rD',
D mtcsKd UpmrsuEf mS rsm;xuf
azmfjycJhaom &mZ0wfrIrsm;wGif bmom?
vlrsKd ; cGjJ cm;jyvmrIu Hate Speech rsm;&JU
tp[k qdak omf jiif;tHrh xif/ ud,
k rf S tjypf
uif;vSonf[k aoG;em;xifa&mufum
wpfyg;olu tjypfusL;vGejf cif;onf xdo
k l
,HMk unf&m bmomw&m;aMumif[
h k ,d;k pGyf
um tav;tjrwfxm;&mbmomw&m;
rsm;ud k tjyef t vS e f y k w f c wf M uonf /
avSmifajymifoa&mfMuonf/ tjypf&mS qJ
qdMk uonf/
xdrk QEiS rhf wif;wdrb
f J Zmwf&edS jf ri v
hf m
atmif vkyMf uZH mwfrsm;cif;um 0g'jzefMY u
onf/ vIHUaqmfMuonf/ xdktusdK;&v'f
tjzpf bmoma&; tMurf;zufrrI sm;jzpfum
trsm;jynfojl rifuiG ;f a&SU ay:ay:xifxif
vlowfuiG ;f rsm;qifEMJT uonf/ydik q
f ikd rf rI sm;
vk,rl ;D IUd zsuq
f ;D Muonf/vlowfordik ;f cif;
Ny;D vlikd ;f Zmwf0ifcMhJ uonf/
rdrw
d cYkd if;onfZh mwf vlBuKd urf sm;um
y&dowfawmif;qdrk rI sm;onfukd odjrif vm
aomudk,fusdK;zuf
tworm;rsm;u topftopfaom zefw;D
vkyfBuHrI rsm;jzifh tmHkvTJ &ef vIHUaqmf
pnf;H;k aoG;xd;k Mujyefonf/ tjcm;bmom
uJo
h Ykd ude;f *Pef; wpfcu
k kd yHw
k u
l ;l touf
oGi;f um vuf&ZJ uf&J ay: ay:xifxif vkyf
aqmifvmonf/ trsKd ;? bmom? omoem[k
olawmfaumif;w&m; [pfa<u;um wkw?f
"m;udkif jynfysufudef; qdkufatmif
aumufuspBf uHpnfMuav onf/ td;k pD;xd;k
vdkYumuG,fMurnf[kqdkum olwpfyg;
touft;kd tdrpf nf;pdru
f kd ysupf ;D &mysupf ;D
aMumif; t"rw&m; a[mMum;avonf/
EdkifiHawmf wnfNidrfrIysufjym;um EdkifiH
a&;tmHv
k NJT y;D awmrD;avmifawmaMumif
vufcarmif;cwfued ;f tpDtrHcsavonf/
pkef;jyL;rsm;u acgif;
axmifvmum a&Toriftvdkuf
rSm; igESihfrwl igh&efo[
l k txifa&mufum
bmomt,lrwlolrsm;tm; tjrpfjywf
okwo
f ifa&;pdwu
f ;l tdyrf uf rufMuonf/
pdwq
f ifikd ;f udw
k &m;cRe;f ESihf tkyx
f ed ;f ay;&
rnft
h pm; oHCmtcsKd Uu tdr&f iS ?f {nfo
h nf?
xH;k ESv;kH rlum ay:jyLvmjzpfa&;? trsm;jynf
oltay: MoZmanmif;ap a&; tcGiahf umif;
,lpifay:wufcJhonf/ bmoma&; t,l
tqoabmxm;rsm;udkEdik if aH &;oDt&dk yD rm
ajymif;vJo;kH pGu
J m avmuDa&; pGuzf ufvm
onf/ Edik if aH &; tcif;tusi;f udk Iyaf xG;
eufeaJ ponf/ &efow
l ;kd Ny;D rdwaf qGaysmuf
apatmif? trSeef t
YJ rSm; ? "reYJ t"r a&m
,Suo
f mG ;atmif tmHv
k rf;vTMJ uonf/
tmPm&tpd;k &u w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k
a&; tm;enf;onf[k oabmoufa&muf
atmif rxdwxd ta&;,lrjI yKNy;D xde;f odr;f
vdu
k ?f jyefvw
T v
f u
kd f vkyu
f m w&m;Oya'
vufwpfvHk;jcm; bufvdkufrIudkjyKonf/
aemuf u G , f u Bud K ;ud k i f o l u d k & S m aeqJ
a,mifa,mifvkyfonf/ omoemh acgif;
aqmifrsm;u Celeberity rsm; tvm;
tajym? ta[m? trlt&mrsdK;pHkESifh
trke;f w&m; bufqD omomxd;k xd;k a[m
Mum;ae onf/ enf;rsKd ;pHo
k ;kH olUxufig
emrnfBuD;atmif pifjrifha`ErJh okyf
aqmif vmonf/ olwpfvligwpfrif; OD;eif;
yJah xmif vkyaf qmifvmNy;D Zmwd rmef<uum
bmomjcm;rsm;tm; rdpm rsm;? wd&pmefrsm;[k
ajymqdka&;om;vmonftxd w&m;0if
apmfum;jyum tdik ;f pdwf NyKd iv
f mMuonf/
pm;p&mr&Sad tmif? aep&mrJah tmif vkyMf u&
rnf[al om aoG;xd;k rItm; edAm ef
odkYa&mufaMumif; usifhpOfozG,f
t,Hrk mS ;vm Muonf/ bk&m;yGrJ sm;
aps;a&mif;cGifh rjyK&ef? ta&mif;
t0,frjyK&ef um;pD;cGifh rjyK&ef
Ed;I aqmfco
hJ nf/ Pf&nferd yhf g;
ol? wpfzufpGef; wpf,loefwdkY
tBudKufawGUum vufawGUusio
hf ;kH
vmonf/ Ak'bmomwpfOD;\ ,kwfnHh
rIaMumifh Ak'u
jdk ypfwif r&ovdk tpvmrf
bmom0if w pf O D ; \ tjyKtrl a Mumif h
tp v mrf b momud k apmf u m;r&yg/
vluvl? bmomu bmomcGJjcm;odjrif
&rnfom/ wpfbmom ESihfwpfbmom tNy;D
owfacsrIef;ypf&ef rnfodkYrQrjzpfEdkifyg/
vlUtoufrsm;pGm touf ZD0ed cf sKyNf ird ;f oGm;
aomfvnf; urmwnfoa&GU bmomt,l
0g'rsm;uawmhxGe;f um;vsu&f adS eOD;rSmyg//
bmoma&; apmfum;aerIrsm;jyif;xefvmyg
u aygufurJG rI sm;ESi&hf ifqidk &f rSmyg/
Edik if aH &;?pD;yGm;a&;rsm;tuGuaf &TU&ef
bmomw&m;tm;tvG,w
f ul vufyw
l u
kd f
toH;k rcsoifyh g/bmoma&;t,l0g'tay:
onf;cHEdkifpGrf; enf;yg;Muwmudk,frS?olrS
r[kwf/ ouf&SdtodPf&Sdolwdkif;yg/
Sensitivity trsm;qH;k ESihf xdcu
kd &f v
S ,
G q
f ;kH
aom bmomw&m;tm;owdEiS hf udik w
f ,
G f
wwfro
S m vlUb0oufwrf;rSm Nird ;f csr;f rI
tppftrSe&f Edik rf mS yg/
b0yHk&dyf
t wJG ( 1 ) ? t rS wf ( 5 2 )
w e *F a EG ? 2 2 ? 'D Z if b m ? 2 0 1 3
13
odrf
tefwt
hD pfuakd wG? tpfrawGawmif 'DtrsKd ;
om;ausmif;rSmyJwufMu&wm/ tefwv
D uf
xufro
S mwuf&wm/ 'Dawmh ckeu tefwhD
udkausmif;ajymif;xm;r,fqakd wmh tefwu
D
idak wmhwmyJ/ ywf0ef;usit
f opfurkd oGm;
csifvdkY/ araruvnf; azazhudkem;vnf
w,f/ 'Dawmhajymif;aygh/ tJ'w
D ek ;f u tefwD
wufwhJ rufo&pfqw
dk mu tck '*Hk -1 aygh/
tJ'u
D ae tefwu
hD kd jynfvrf;u tckww
D D
pDuykd v
Ykd u
kd w
f ,f}} vkYd olruajymygw,f/
a':oef;oef;Ek&UJ i,fpOftcgu
ynma&;jzwfoef;rI[m wnfwnfNird Nf ird f
r&Scd b
hJ ;l vdYk olruajymygw,f/ 0efBu;D csKyf
OD;Ek&JU EdkifiHa&;jzwfoef;rIawGatmufrSm
rMumcPqdo
k vdk ausmif;tajymif;ta&TU
awGeYJi,fpOftcgu ynmudak umif;aumif;
roifEikd cf b
hJ ;l vdYk olruzGi[
hf ygw,f/
]]aemufyikd ;f rSmvnf; xyfajymif;&yg
w,f/ bmvdv
Yk q
J akd wmh tJ'rD mS u a,musmf ;
av;eJY rdef;uav;wGJxm;awmh araru
ausmif;xyfajymif;a&m/ tJ'w
D ek ;f u r&rf;NcH
ausmif;vdkYac:wJh rdef;uav;ausmif;udk
ajymif;a&m/ tJ'u
D ykd v
Ykd u
kd w
f t
hJ csed rf mS taz
u tdraf pmift
h pd;k &tjzpfeYJ tJ'w
D ek ;f u Adv
k f
csKyfae0if;udktmPmvTJxm;wJh tcsdefeJY
oGm;udu
k fw,f/tJ'rD mS ajcmufwef;pNy;D awmh
wufwhJ tcsed u
f wnf;u tefwu
hD kd csK;d ESrd f
xm;wJhoabm&Sdw,f/ pmoifwJhtcgrSm
tNrJazazraumif;aMumif;awGudk xnfh
ajymw,f/ tJ'gaeYwidk ;f ajymw,f/ 'gawmif
tefwED pS v
f avmufukd onf;cHw,f/ wpf
aeYawmh azazeJYvrf;avQmufxGufawmh
tJ'DhtaMumif;udkajymjyjzpfw,f/ 'Dawmh
azazu bmvdt
Yk pu wnf;urajymwmvJ
vdkYajymw,f/ tJ'DrSm ausmif;xGufvdkuf
jyefa&m/ tefwDhrSm ausmif;r&Sdbl;jzpf
oGm;jyefw,f/tJ'rD mS NrKd Urrde;f uav;ausmif;
tck '*H-k 3 udak jymif;vdu
k w
f ,f/ ajym&r,f
qdk&if tefwDupmawmfcsif&ufeJY rawmf
cJb
h ;l /'Dvekd o
YJ mrefval wGvykd J10wef;atmif
oGm;awmh pD;yGm;a&;wuov
kd w
f ufaygh}}vdYk
ajymygw,f/
zcifjzpfol OD;EkuEdik if aH &;udk i,fpOf
uwnf;u wpdu
k rf wfrwfvyk cf w
hJ t
hJ wGuf
a':oef;oef;EkwiYkd ,fpOfu qif;qif;&J&eJ YJ
b0udkjzwfoef;cJh&w,fvdkYajymygw,f/
EdkifiHa&; tokdif;t0dkif;xJrSm BuD;jyif;cJhwJh
olrtaeeJY vuf&Sdtcsdefxd pD;yGm;a&;udk
aumif;aumif;rvkyw
f wfb;l vdYkolru ajym
ygw,f/
]]tazu ausmif;om;b0 wpf
avQmufrmS vnf; ausmif;om;vIy&f mS ;rIawG
tjyif Edik if aH &;orm;taeeJv
Y nf; vIy&f mS ;
rIawGvyk cf w
hJ ,fqakd wmh oluaiG&mS wJo
h rl
[kwb
f ;l / 'gaMumifh t&ifuEdik if aH &;vkyw
f hJ
pEm
]]tefwu
D xdik ;f rSmtdraf xmifusw,f/
tJ ' D r S m om;av;wpf a ,muf a rG ; w,f /
aemufwpfa,mufuawmh tdE,
d rSmaygh/
aemufyikd ;f tazwdt
Yk arwdu
Yk 'Dujkd yefvm
ayr,fhtefwu
D vdu
k rf vmEdik af wmhb;l av/
bmaMumifv
h q
J akd wmh uav;awGynma&;
u t&rf;ta&;BuD;w,f/ tefwDhb0u
t*Fvyd v
f akd jym r,fq&kd if Life Without the
Choice aygh/ a&G; p&mvrf;r&Sb
d ;l / 'gaMumifh
aeudkae&wm/ wcsdKUuawmh tjyifrSm
aumif;pm;aeMuw,faygh/ 'Dvdkajymwm
awGvnf;&Syd gw,f}} vdYk olruajymygw,f/
a':oef ; oef ; Ek [ m wd k i f ; jynf & J U
tajymif;tvJjzpfpOfrmS yg0ifEikd zf Ykdolrtae
tmPm&SifawGvufxufu vlBuD;
om;orD;awG[m
ausmif;aumif;aumif;rSmwuf?
ae&maumif;aumif;awGrSmae
xdkifcJUayr,fU zqyvacwfuvlBuD;om;
orD;jzpfcJU&wJUolawG&JY b0u . . .
tefwu
D 1969 uwnf;u'Duae
tazeJYtwlwlxGufcJhw,f/ tefwDwdkYu
1969 rSm tjyif(xdkif;e,fpyf)udka&muf
w,f/ 1974 rSmawmh 'Dutpd;k &u xkid ;f
tpd;k &qDukd taMumif;Mum;w,f/ uefu
Y u
G f
pmaygh/ tazeJY tzGUJ awGukd 'Dxidk ;f ajray:rSm
rxm;ygeJv
Y aYkd jymawmh aevdrYk &awmhb;l /
'geJY tdE,
d udak &mufomG ;w,f/ tJ'D
udk a&mufwm 1974 rSmaygh}}vdYk olru jyef
ajymjyygw,f/
a':oef;oef;Ek[m xkdif;EdkifiHrSmyJ
tdraf xmifuscNhJ y;D awmh tJ'cD sed u
f uav;
awG&UJ ynma&;udk OD;pm;ay;cJ&h w,fvYkdajym
qdck o
hJ vdk jynfyrSm aumif;pm;aew,fqNkd y;D
tJ't
D csed u
f pGypf rJG aI wG[m vH;k 0r[kwyf g
bl;vdYk olruajymygw,f//
eJY EdkifiHa&;orm;jzpfvmcJhwmvdkYvnf;
ajymygw,f/
]]tefwt
hD wGuf Edik if aH &;avmuxJ
bmaMumifah jccsjzpfvq
J akd wmh wGe;f tm;u
bmvJq&kd iftefwahD zazuw&m;0ifjzpf&uf
eJY udk,fhwdkif;jynfrSmrae&bl;/ NyD;awmh
tefww
D rYkd o
d m;pk? tefwu
hD av;awG twGuf
utem*wfaysmufaew,f/'Dvadk wGaMumifh
t ajymif;tvJqw
kd m vkt
d yfw,fqNkd y;D 'Dvkd
tajymif;tvJrmS yg0ifc&hJ wmyg/ qH;k H;I rI
t Bu;D qH;k uawmh tarhtoufuakd wmif
rrDb;l ayghaemf/ tarqH;k Ny;D rS a&mufvmcJ&h
w,f}}vdq
Yk ykd gw,f/
vuf&t
dS csed rf mS Edik if aH &;orm;jzpfae
ayr,fv
h nf; olrtaeeJY avhvmp&mawG
t rsm;Bu;D useaf eao;w,fvYkd cH,x
l m;wJh
taMumif; olruajymygw,f/
]]tefwu
D tcktcsed x
f d uk,
d u
hf ,
kd f
udk,fEdkifiHa&;orm;vdkY rcH,lao;ygbl;/
bmvdv
Yk q
J akd wmhvt
kd yfcsuaf wG trsm;Bu;D
&Sad o;vdyYk g/ vlwpfa,mufu ud,
k u
hf ,
kd f
ud,
k f Edik if &H ;orm;vdYk bmudw
k ikd ;f wmNy;D ajym
vJqw
kd m tefwrD odb;l / tJ'gudk avhvmae
wke;f yJ/ tckqykd gwDrmS vnf;tefwu
D taxG
axG twGi;f a&;rSL;csKy/f bmyJjzpfjzpf'gawGu
azazhaMumifhvdkYxifygw,f/ udk,fubm
rSwwfao;wmrSr[kwfwm}}vdkY ajymyg
w,f/
a':oef;oef;Ek&JUajymjycsuft&
awmh i,fpOfuwnf;u &nfreS ;f csuBf u;D
Bu;D rm;rm; &,fvYkd bmudrk o
S yd Nf y;D rxm;cJb
h ;l
vdv
Yk nf;qdyk gw,f/
]]i,fi,fuwnf;u &nfreS ;f csu&f ,f
vdYk aoaocsmcsmr&Scd b
hJ ;l / ajymcsiw
f mu
olrsm;awGvkd q&m0efBu;D jzpf&r,f? bmjzpf
r,faygh/ 'gayrJo
h yd af v;av;eufeufawmh
r[kwfbl;/ tazuvnf;pma&;w,f/
ta':uvnf;pma&;q&mrBu;D a':cifEiS ;f
,k/ 'Dawmh igvnf;a&;csiw
f ,fqNkd y;D 'Dvykd J
a&;vkdufwmyJ/ b,frSm? nmrSm xnfhzl;
wm&,fvYkd r&Syd gbl;}} vkYd ajymygw,f/
2010 rSma&G;aumufy0JG ifcw
hJ hJ olr
[m tJ't
D csed w
f ek ;f u 2008 zGUJ pnf;yHu
k kd ,Hk
vdrYk [kwb
f J a&G;aumufy0JG ifz?Ykd ygwDaxmifzYkd
,Hyk gw,f qdNk y;D vufrw
S x
f ;kd cJw
h mvdv
Yk nf;
ajymygw,f/
2010 rSmawmh tukev
f ;kH odwt
hJ wdik ;f
a&G;aumufyGJ0ifcJhw,f/ tJ'Dvdk0ifwmu
2008 zGJUpnf;yHkudk ,HkvdkY? vufcHvdkYawmh
r[kwyf gbl;/'gayrJh,Hw
k ,fvv
Ykd ufrw
S x
f ;dk rS
ygwDaxmifNy;D a&G;aumufy0JG ifv&Ykd rSmud;k }}
vdaYk jymygw,f/
a&G;aumufyGJawGrSm udk,fpm;vS,f
avmif;tjzpf ta&G;rcH&ayr,fv
h nf; olr
taeeJYvmr,fha&G;aumufyGJwpfckjzpfwJh
2015 rSmvnf; ud,
k pf m;vS,af vmif;tjzpf
0ifNyKd izf Ykd jyifqifxm;w,fvYkd zGi[
hf ygw,f/
]]tefwu
D 2010 rSm H;I wmeJyY wfouf
NyD; bmrSrjzpfygbl;/ tckvmr,fh 2015
rSmvnf; wpfae&muaeawmh 0ifa&muf
,SOfNydKifzdkYjyifqifxm;ygw,f/ Edkifr,f?
H;I r,fqw
kd mawmhrawG;xm;ygbl;/ jynfol
ua&G;cs,w
f ifajrm ufwhJ ud,
k pf m;vS,w
f pf
a,mufu bGJUawG? txifu&vufrSwf
awGawmh 'Davmuf rvkyd gbl;/ wpfc&k w
dS mu
tusifhpm&dwaumif;zdkY? t&m&mudkavh
vmEdik Nf y;D ESpYH yfwo
hJ al wmhjzpfzv
Ykd ykd gw,f}}
vdaYk jymcJyh gw,f/
14
tifwmAsL;
t wJG ( 1 ) ? t rS wf ( 5 2 )
w e *F a EG ? 2 2 ? 'D Z if b m ? 2 0 1 3
88 vlxt
k a&;awmfyBkH u;D wGif yg0ifcahJ om udrk ;kd oD;ZGe?f ESpaf ygif; 20 ausmMf um
vufeufuikd af wmfveS af &;vrf;pOfukd a&G;cs,o
f mG ;cJNh y;D vuf&t
dS csed rf S jynfwiG ;f odYk
jyefvnf0ifa&mufvmum wpfyikd w
f pfEidk f vlraI &;vkyif ef;rsm;udk aqmif&u
G v
f mol?
olY taeESihf vuf&jdS refrmEkid if aH &;tay:rSm b,fvo
kd abmxm;&Sad eygovJ/ orw
OD;ode;f pdet
f pd;k &tay:? vuf&jdS ynfwiG ;f Nird ;f csr;f a&; azmfaqmifrt
I ay:? twku
d t
f cH
acgif;aqmifa':atmifqef;pkMunftay:?wyfrawmftay: ol\xm;&So
d nfhoabm
xm;tjrifrsm; odEidk af tmifawGUqHak r;jref;jzpfcyhJ gonf/
ar;/ / orwoufwrf; wpf0ufBuKd ;
vmwJh OD;odef;pdeftpdk;&tay:rSm tpfudkY
oabmxm;b,fv&kd ydS govJ/
ajz/ / jyKjyifajymif;vJraI wGu awmf
awmfav;udk odoo
d momr[kwaf o;bl;/
Democratization twGuf awmfawmfav;
vdak o;w,f/ pD;yGm;a&;rSmvnf; odoo
d m
omajymif;vJw;kd wufraI wGvnf; rawGU&
bl;/ tJ't
D ay:rSmawmh uReaf wmft
h aeeJY
tm;rvdktm;r&jzpfrdw,f/ wu,fawmh
&Sad ewJu
h pd a wGu tBu;D Bu;D awGr[kwyf g
bl;/ tao;av;awGayghaemf/ Oyrm ajr
odr;f wJu
h pd ? aemuftpd;k &tkycf sKyrf yI ikd ;f u
vmbfay;vmbf,ludpawGrSm pepfwus
ta&;r,lEidk b
f ;l jzpfaew,f/ Ny;D awmh pD;yGm;
a&;ydik ;f rSmvnf; &if;ES;D jrK yEf rHS t
I opfawGukd
rqGJaqmifEkdifawmh tvkyftudkiftcGifh
tvrf;utp topfawGr&bl;aygh/ pGr;f
tifrvHak vmufwjhJ yem? vlawGtwGuf
pm;aomufa&;tcuftcJ? aemufobm0
ywf0ef;usiaf wGysuaf ewm? tJvrkd sK;d wpfck
Ny;D wpfcu
k kd oluvkyw
f ahJ e&mrSmaES;w,f/
tckuwkdif;jynfudk jyefvnfNyD;awmhwnf
aqmufaewJu
h mvjzpfaeawmh wpfrsK;d om;
vH;k udk pnf;vH;k Ny;D awmh vkyMf u&r,fqw
kd m
rdecYf eG ;f xJrmS awmh ygwmaygh/ 'Dawmh'rD mS u
tBuaH y;Ekid w
f o
hJ u
l wu,fawmh enf;yg
w,f/ Oyrm a':atmifqef;pkMunf&rdS ,f?
88 &Srd ,f pojzift
h zGUJ tpnf;awGeYJ awGUqHk
Ny;D awmh vkyo
f ifw
h ,fvYkd uReaf wmfuawmh
tBuaH y;csiw
f ,f/
ar;/ /vuf&jdS ynfwiG ;f Nird ;f csr;f a&; azmf
aqmifaerItay:rSma&mtm;&rI&ydS govm;/
ajz/ / jynfwiG ;f Nird ;f csr;f a&;rSmawmh
vuf&o
dS mG ;aewJEh eI ;f u rqd;k ygbl;/ aES;aomf
jim;vnf; vufcHEkdifwJhtqifh&Sdygw,f/
ar;/
/a':atmifqef;pkMunf&UJ vuf&dS
tpd;k &vufxufrmS vIy&f mS ;aewJh twkid ;f
twmudak &m b,fvakd jymcsiv
f /J
ajz/
/ a':atmifqef;pkMunfu awmh
tckuvTwaf wmfxrJ mS minority jzpfawmh
bmrSoyd rf vkyEf idk b
f ;l aygh/aemufjynfoal wG
eJY uif;uGmovdkjzpfaewmaygh/ 'Dawmh
wcsKUd usawmh olu
Y kd claim vkyaf er,fh tpm;
udk,fvkyfEkdifwmawG udk,fhbmomvkyfzdkY
vdw
k maygh/
ar;/ / 2015 a&G;aumufyrJG mS tpfukd
bmvkyzf &Ykd v
dS cJ ifAs/
ajz/ / wu,fqdk&ifAsm 2015 rSm
uReaf wmfwv
Ykd nf;a&G;aumufy0JG ifcsiw
f ,f/
'Dawmh jyifqifzaYkd wGvw
kd ,f/ uReaf wmfwYkd
EdkifiHom;avQmufxm;w,f/ EkdifiHom;
avQmufxm;wJ[
h mudk tckxufxd uwfukd
ray;ao;bl;/wcsKUd vlawGuusawmh&aeNy/D
ar;/ / ta&G;cHr,fo
h abmaygh? b,f
uaeta&G;cHrvJtpfu/kd
ajz/ / uReaf wmfu a&G;aumufy0JG if
&ifawmh vlaY bmifopfygwDtaeeJyY 0J ifrmS
yg/ uReaf wmft
h aeeJu
Y uReaf wmhu
f kdaxmuf
cHwJh NrdKUe,fav;wpfckuae0ifzdkY pOf;pm;
xm;w,f/ aemufNy;D wjcm;r[mrdwyf gwD
awGeYJ vufwNJG y;D vkyrf ,f/ ud,
k yhf gwDEidk af &;
qdw
k mxuf uReaf wmfweYkd t
YJ wl tajymif;
tvJukd vdv
k m;wJo
h al wGeYJ vufw&JG r,f vdYk
uRefawmfhtaeeJYjrifygw,f/ aemufuRef
csiaf o;vJcifAs/
ajz/ / tJ'guawmh tajctaet&
tukefvHk;udk awmydkYrSmyJav/ tJ'gu
uReaf wmfwt
Ykd jyifrmS &Sad euwnf;u 88
rsKd;qufudkvnf; wdkufwGef;ygw,f/ a':
atmifqef;pkMunf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD
tzGUJ csKyu
f v
kd nf; awmufavQmufwu
kd w
f eG ;f
cJhygw,f/ olwdkYpdwf0ifpm;rIrjycJhygbl;/
tckawmh pdwf0ifpm;rIu jyonfjzpfap?
rjyonfjzpfap jzpfvmwJhtajctaeu
olwt
Ykd rd w
f cH g;udk vmacgufaeygNy/D 'Dawmh
xGufawGU&rSmyg/ tJvdkrSr[kwf&ifawmh
jrKyfoGm;ygawmhr,f/ wnf;wnf;av;yJ
useaf wmhw,fvYk88
d rsK;d qufa&m?trsK;d om;
'Dru
kd a&pDtzGUJ csKyu
f akd &m uReaf wmf ajymcsif
ygw,f/ bmjzpfvv
Ykd q
J akd wmh tpd;k &ua&m?
cdek BD u;D awGa&mu tckomG ;ae wJEh eI ;f u
t&rf;jrefaew,f/ aemufzUJG pnf; yHt
k ajccH
Oya'eJY ywfoufNy;D olwaYkd v;yGiq
hf ikd f aqG;
aEG;zdkYudk wpfzufu pdwf0ifpm;rIrjybl;
qdak wmh MumEkid w
f ,fvYkduReaf wmf jrifw,f/
udrk ;kd oD;ZGef ud,
k af &;tusO;f
rd;k oD;ZGeo
f nf 1962 ZGef 30 &ufwiG f
tzOD;rsK;d jrif?h trda':nGeaYf rwdu
Yk yJc;l wdik ;f ?
'dkufOD;NrdKUe,f? zm'dkaus;&GmwGif arG;zGm;cJh
onf/ trnf&if;rSm rsK;d oef;xG#jf zpfonf/
1988 ta&;awmfyBkH u;D wGif xif&mS ;aom
ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifwpfOD;jzpfonf/
1988 wGif ArmEkid if v
H ;kH qkid &f m ausmif;om;
rsm;tzGJUcsKyf taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;
wm0ef,cl o
hJ nf/
1988 atmufwb
kd m 15 &ufwiG f vlY
abmifopfygwDukd OD;aqmifwnfaxmifchJ
onf/ 1989 wGif ArmEkdifiHvHk;qdkif&m
ausmif ; om;rsm; 'D r d k u &uf w pf w yf O D ;
(ABSDF) wGiO
f u|&mxl;udk 2001 xdwm
0ef,cl o
hJ nf/ 2001 wGit
f ar&duefjynf
axmifpo
k Ykda&muf&o
dS nf/2002 wGicf su
D m*dk
wuov
kd rf S csu
D m*dzk v
J ;kd &SpEf iS hf &D*ifzv
J ;kd &Spf
rsm;&&SdcJhonf/ 2005 wGif udkvHbD,m
wuov
kd rf S (Ekid if w
H um qufqaH &;txl;
jyKbmom&yfjzifh) r[m0dZmbGJU&onf/
2012wGif jrefrmEkid if o
H Ykd jyefvnfa&muf&dS
vmcJo
h nf/
Oya'a&;&m
t wJG ( 1 ) ? t rS wf ( 5 2 )
w e *F a EG ? 2 2 ? 'D Z if b m ? 2 0 1 3
15
EkdifiHawmfwGif yg0ifaom
e,fajrwpfckck jrefrmou&mZf
1185ckESpf? c&pfou&mZf
1823ckESpfrwkdifrDumvrSp
yif&if;EkdifiHtjzpf tNrJaexkdifcJUaom
wkdif;&if;om; t"dym,fzGifhqdkcGifhtmPm
vmonfukBd uKd qkaxmuf
d
c&H rnfjzpfygonf/
wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d 135rsK;d vm;?
144 rsK;d vm;
jynfaxmifpo
k rwjrefrmEkid if t
H pd;k
&rS jrefrmEkid if w
H iG f aexkid Mf uaomwkid ;f &if;
om;rsm;udk &nfeT ;f &mwGif wkid ;f &if;om;
vlrsK;d 100ausm[
f v
k nf;aumif;? wkid ;f &if;
om;vlrsKd; 135rsKd;[kvnf;aumif;azmfjy
avh&ydS gonf/ trSerf mS vl0ifrBI u;D Muyfa&;
ESifh jynfolUtiftm;OD;pD;Xme\ 9-121972 &ufpyJG gyHpk aH &;oGi;f &ef TeMf um;csuf
wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pk 144rsK;d azmfjycJyh gonf/
xdt
Yk jyif 23-2-1973&ufpyJG g Ekid if H
ydik af eYpOfowif;pmrsm;wGif wkid ;f &if;om;
vlrsK;d 143rsK;d &Sad Mumif; w&m;0ifazmfjycJyh g
onf/ xdpk Ofu 1972ckEpS w
f iG f jrefrmhq&kd ,
S f
vpfvrf;pOfA[dkaumfrwDXmecsKyfrS wkdif;
&if;om;vlrsK;d pka&;&m aumfrwD\ nEd idI ;f
ay;csu&f cdS o
hJ nf[o
k &d &dS ygonf/ ,ck wkid ;f
&if;om;vlrsK;d 135rsK;d &Sad Mumif;azmfjyvm&m
wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd; udk;rsKd;jzKwfcscHcJh&yg
onf/ qvH(k yoQL;)? &ckid pf pfwaumif;?
urmvSnfhvuPmtBuHay;ynm&Sif ygarmua'gufwmOD;pHwifatmif(a&Tbdk)\om;
q&mpHausmf[ef0if;
vuPmtBuHay;ynm&Sif
B.A(Palmistry)(Kol.India),
Gold-Prize@Life Membership,(M.A.R.P)
: 09-49 28 94 33 : 09-444 00 62 16
ygarmua'gufwm OD;pHwifatmif (a&Tbdk)Hk;cef;
trSwf(264)? yxrxyf? 28 vrf;/ 82_83 vrf;Mum;? rEav;NrdKY/ - 02-39949
16
owif;pBuF H
t wJG ( 1 ) ? t rS wf ( 5 2 )
w e *F a EG ? 2 2 ? 'D Z if b m ? 2 0 1 3
w pf y wf t wG if ; vId if ; jy if ; a v x ef o w if ; t oH
NyD;oGm;wJhqD;*drf;eJY jyif&r,fht&mawG
&JacgifraJ rmif
rwwfEidk w
f MhJ um;u wpfcgwavyJqNkd y;D rsupf pd rkH w
dS f
0,fcsiaf yr,fh vufrw
S u
f r&Sad wmhwmaMumifh EGr;f
vstrd jf yef/ xkid ;f eJu
Y efwyhJ rJG mS jrefrmajcudt
k m;&cJMh u
ayr,fh ]]i,f;HI }}qdw
k hJ tpOftvmudrk zsuEf idk cf b
hJ ;l /
'gayrJh wpfzufwpf*;kd pDrYkd rI;H &ifawmfNyq
D Nkd y;D pdwaf jz
cJMh u&w,fav/ tJ'v
D pdk w
d af jzcJMh uayr,fh tif'ekd ;D
&Sm;uwpfyEJG idk ?f wpfyo
JG a&? wpfyJG ;HI eJY4rSw&f xm;wm
aMumifh tu,frsm; jrefrmudt
k Ekid u
f pm;oGm;cJ&h if
f & jrefrm
7rSwcf si;f wlNy;D Head to Head qH;k jzwfcsut
toif;xGuo
f mG ;&rSmudo
k Nd y;D pd;k &drpf w
d u
f av;awmh&dS
aecJMh uygw,f/ 'gaMumifhjrefrmabmvH;k toif;taeeJY
EdkifiHa&;
t wJG ( 1 ) ? t rS wf ( 5 2 )
w e *F a EG ? 2 2 ? 'D Z if b m ? 2 0 1 3
17
tEGwrnfaom 'Drdkua&pDvdkcsif&if
a&Tjynfo&D d
,ciftywfrt
S quf
tdEd,EkdifiH\ acgif;aqmifBuD;ael;ESifh
tdEd,EkdifiH ta&;0dkif;0ef;vkyfaqmifae
aom OD;&m&Spfudk AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;u
orwael;xHrS jyefawmif;ojzifh jrefrm
jynfow
Ykd pfzefjyefvmNy;D Adv
k cf sKyEf iS t
hf wl
vufwGJ EkdifiHa&;vkyfcJhonf/ OD;&m&Spf
tdE,
d rSvm twGi;f 0ef;kH odaYk &mufaom
tcg bk&ifcHtpnf;ta0;vkyfaeaom
Adv
k cf sKyu
f ]]bkid &f pS v
f mw,f? awGU&r,fqNkd y;D
tpnf;ta0;ud&k yfcyhJ gw,f}}/ 1952rSp
OD;Ek\ uufbdeuftzGJUxJrSmvnf;ygcJhyg
w,f/ jrefrmEkid if \
H vlrzI v
l akH &;pDru
H ed ;f udk
OD;&m&Spt
f aumiftxnfazmfco
hJ nf/
1957ck uGmvmvrfyrl mS jyKvyk af om
rav;&Sm;EkdifiHvGwfvyfa&;tcrf;tem;
wGif jrefrmud,
k pf m;vS,t
f jzpfwufa&muf
rav;&Sm;0efBu;D csKyf wGeu
f t
l A'&l mref
ESiahf wGUqHu
k m tm&Sa'owGiyf ;l aygif;aqmif
&Gufa&;jyKvkyf&eftBuHjyKcJhonf/ 1961
ckEpS w
f iG f qGpZf mvefEidk if ?H *seD AD mrSmusi;f ywJh
Ekid if w
H umtvkyo
f rm;nDvmcHBu;D ILO rSm
obmywdtjzpf a&G;cs,w
f ifajrm ufjcif;cH&
ygonf/ ILO obmywdtjzpf a&G;cs,cf &H
jcif;rSm ta&SUawmiftm&SrSm yxrOD;qHk;
ta&G ; cH & jcif ; jzpf y gonf / OD ; &m&S p f r S m
wuo? AuoOu|jzpfcjhJ cif;rSm ausmif;
om;or*\pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;a&;qGJEkdif
aomt&nftcsi;f ESihf ausmif;om;rsm;udk
OD;wnfcsurf eS af tmifajyma[mEkid af om t
&nftcsi;f wdaYk Mumifjh zpfonf/
zqyvacwfwGif AdkvfcsKyfatmif
qef;u jrefrm-rGwfpvifrfwdkYonfvnf;
,cifu ArmrGwpf vifE;dk Mum;a&;uJo
h Ykd yif
oD;jcm;tzGJUtpnf;zGJU zqyvESifh yl;
aygif;aqmif&Guf&ef arwm&yfcHcsuft&
ArmrGwfpvifuGef*&uf(Aru)udkq&m
Bu;D OD;&mZmwfO;D aqmif ysO;f rem;NrKd UwGif
1945ck? 'DZifbmv zGUJ pnf;cJo
h nf/ wpf
jynfv;kH rS wpfo;D yk*v
ArmrGwpf vifraf cgif;
aqmifrsm;ESihf &SNd y;D jzpfaom ArmrGwpf vifrf
tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;yg0ifcMhJ uonf/ xdaYk emuf
(Aru)onf u&ifrsm;uJo
h YkdvlrsK;d pktzGUJ wpf
&yftjzpf (zqyv)wyfaygif;pkwiG f yg0ifchJ
onf/
1946ckEpS ?f Zefe0g&DvwGif Adv
k cf sKyf
atmifqef;OD;pD;onfh zqyvtzGUJ csKyBf u;D
\yxrqH;k nDvmcHBu;D udk &efuek Nf rKd U? a&Twd
*Ht
k v,fyp,musi;f ycJ&h m zqyvtzGUJ
csKyBf u;D u ArmrGwpf vifrw
f \
Ykd wkid ;f jynf
tay:opm&Srd u
I kd *kPjf yKcs;D usL;cJNh y;D Arm
rGwpf vifrw
f o
Ykd nf wkid ;f &if;om;vlenf;pk
wdYk &xku
d af omtcGit
hf a&;ud&k vdu
k ,lEidk f
onf[al omtqdt
k rSwf (6)udw
k ifoiG ;f cJh
&mnDvmcHBu;D u twnfjyKaxmufccH MhJ u
onf/
ArmrGwfpvifrfuGefu&ufuvnf;
jrefrmEkid if v
H w
G v
f yfa&;,lvQif awmifwef;
a'orsm;ESihf jynfyyl;aygif;a&;tqdu
k kd t
qdt
k rSw(f 7)jzifh wifc&hJ m twnfjyKaxmuf
cHcMhJ uygonf/ pifppf(Aru)onf yifvrkH sK;d
aphudk nDvmcHBuD;pwifcscJhjcif;jzpfyg
onf/ xdaYk emuf Aruud,
k pf m;vS,w
f pfO;D
jzpfoOl ;D azcifonf zqyv\awmifwef;
a'oqkid &f m twGi;f a&;rSL;jzpfvmcJo
h nf/
AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;onf vGwfvyf
a&;twGuftBuKd jzpfonfhatmifqef;tuf
wvDpmcsKycf sKyq
f &kd ef t*Fvefoo
Ykd mG ;aepOf
&Srf;apmfbGm;tcsKdUu AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;
onfrdrw
d \
Ykd ud,
k pf m;vS,rf [kwAf rmacgif;
aqmifwpfO;D omjzpfonf[k uefu
Y u
G cf &hJ m
Akv
d cf sKyaf tmifqef;rSm tcuftcJBuKH vsuf
&Sad ecJo
h nf/ xdt
k cg ArmrGwpf vifrOf ;D az
cifonf awmifBu;D odcYk sucf si;f vku
d o
f mG ;Ny;D
&Sr;f wdu
Yk kd pnf;H;k cJ&h m aemufq;kH wGif &Sr;f vl
xku Adv
k cf sKyu
f kd rdrw
d \
Ykd acgif;aqmiftjzpf
axmufcHaMumif;vlxktpnf;ta0;BuD;
rsm;jyKvyk cf MhJ uonf/ xdaYk emuf vef'efoYkd
aMu;eef;ydcYk &hJ m Adv
k cf sKyaf tmifqef;rSm quf
vufaqG;aEG;cGi&hf cJo
h nf/
xdt
k awmtwGi;f ArmrGwpf vifru
f eG f
*&ufuvnf; 1946ckEpS f 1946ckEpS f 'DZif
bmvwGif &efuek Nf rKd U ArunDvmcHusi;f
y vGwv
f yfa&;&vQif ArmrGwpf vifrw
f Ykd
onf vlenf;pktcGit
hf a&; Minority Rights
,lrnfavm? odw
Yk nf;r[kwf vlrsm;pktcGihf
ta&; Majority Rights ,lrnfavm[lonfh
jyemudkqHk;jzwfMu&m wufa&mufol
ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;tMum; t,ltquGjJ ym;cJh
Muonf/tcsKUd uvnf;ArmrGwpf vifro
f nf
Armjzpf vlrsm;pktjzpf&yfwnfvdkcJhMu
onf/ tcsKUd uvnf; zqyv\tqdt
k rSwf
(6)jzifah y;xm;aom vlenf;pktcGit
hf a&;&
,lvMkd uonf/ nEd idI ;f r&rJcq
JG ;kH jzwfaom
tcgwGiv
f nf; rJta&twGuw
f n
l aD eo
ydik ;f jrif;cGmyHo
k Pmefawmifwef;a'orsm;
udck sev
f yS
f vGwv
f yfa&;ay;vdo
k nft
h BuH
udk acszsuyf pfcahJ om yifvpkH mcsKycf sKyq
f akd &;
a tmifjrifco
hJ nf/ ArmrGwpf vifru
f eG *f &uf
Aru\ pGrf;aqmifrIwGef;tm;rsm;pGrf;y
um;Bu;D rm;cJyh u
kH v
kd nf; rarhoifMh uyg/
,cktcg wnfaqmufazmufvyk Mf u
awmhrnfh 'Dru
kd a&pDvrf;rBu;D rSm avQmuf
vSr;f Mu&zdaYk eaeomomaumif;uif"mwf
yHkESifhajryHkcsjyHkom&Sdygao;onf/ vrf;r
azmuf&ao;cifuyif tpvmrfbmom0if
rsm;cGjJ cm;qufccH &H onf/ ta&;tcif;zef
wD;zsuq
f ;D vk,uf owfjzwfcaH e&onf/
]]om;azmufEeI ;f jreftpvmrf? wd&pmef0g'
qefu
Y siMf u}}[laom pmwef;rsm;udik af qmif
um tpvmrfbmom0ifrsm;udkvrf;ay:
wufapmfum;Muonf/ OD;ode;f pdet
f pd;k &\
zdwaf c:onft
h wGuf tpvmrpyf ;l aygif;
aqmif&Gufa&;tzGJU OIC jrefrmjynfodkY
a&mufvmonf/ jrefrmEkid if o
H rw\
{nfhonfudk tpvmrfbmoma&;ESifhtp
vmrfbmom0ifrsm;udk &ifo
h ;D apmfum;
rkdufdkif;aom qkdif;bkwfrsm;udkudkifum
BudKqdkMuonf/ rdrdtdrfudk rdrdwdkY\tdrf
axmifO;D pD;tBu;D tuJu zdwaf c:vm
aom {nfo
h nfurkd qdx
k m;ESihf rzdwaf c:
bJa&mufvmaom {nfo
h nfuykd if uGr;f ?
aq;? vufzuf? vufzuf&nfMurf;wdYk jzifh
{nf0h wfjyKwwfaom jrefrmvlrsK;d wd\
Yk yifukd
jrefrmU'Drdkua&pDta&;
aESmifUaES;MuefhMumrIrjzpf&atmif tEGwrnfaom
'Drdkua&pDEkdifiHtjrefqHk;jzpfatmif zqyvacwfuvdk
vlwef;pm;cGJjcm;rI? bmomcGJjcm;rI? vlrsKd;cGJjcm;rIr&SdbJ
at;twlyltrQ twlwuG wGef;tm;ay;MuygpdkYvdkYyJ . . .
pdu
k Ef iS q
hf efu
Y sib
f ufvyk &f yfjzpfonf/
tpvmrfbmom0ifrsm;\ pkaygif;
0wfjyK&mAvDrsm;? tzsucf &H rIxyfrjH zpfymG ;
aeqJyif/ 2013Ed0k ifbmv 18&ufnydik ;f
u &ckid jf ynfe,f? ausmufjzLNrKd U? urf;em;
vrf;? oefyef&yfuu
G &f dS 1881ckEpS u
f wnf
aqmufcJhaom 132ESpfcefYoufwrf;&Sd
pGE*D smarAvD wpfv;kH tzsucf &H onf/ AvD
udzk su&f ef n 8em&DavmufwiG f vlpo
k nf
n 8em&DcaJG vmufwiG f AvDupkd zsuo
f nf/
AvDEiS &hf pJ cef;ay 200avmufyaJ 0;onf/
AvDbufoYkd &Jpcef;rSatmfajym&ifMum;Ekid f
18
txl;owif;aqmif;yg;
t wJG ( 1 ) ? t rS wf ( 5 2 )
w e *F a EG ? 2 2 ? 'D Z if b m ? 2 0 1 3
1
9
19
rif;opfoefh
]]avmif;avmif; avmif;vdkufyg &TJ
atmifavmif;vdu
k yf g/ yufyuf yufvu
kd yf g
&TaJ tmifyufvu
kd yf g}}
jrefrmEkid if w
H iG f tat;vdiI ;f jzwfoef;
rnf[k aMunmxm;onfah eYwiG yf if ok0P
abmvH;k uGi;f ab;wGif oBueF u
f saeMujcif;
jzpfonf/ a0Z,Emvrf;rxufwGif rD;
avmifxm;onfhqdik ;f bkwrf sm;? rD;avmifae
onfh tusy rkH sm;udk rD;owfwyfzUJG 0ifrsm;u
vdkufvHrD;Nidrf;NyD;csdefwGif jrefrmEkdifiH\
'kw,
d oBueF u
f saejcif;jzpfonf/
a0Z,Emvrf;rBuD;xufwGif 'DZif
bm 16 &ufn 10 em&Dausmt
f csed w
f iG f ke;f
&if;qefcwfjzpfaeolrsm;udk jrefrmEkid if H rD;
owfwyfzUJG rS rD;owfyu
kd jf zifx
h ;kd um vlpck JG
&mrS xGuaf y:vmaom oDcsi;f oHjzpfonf/
tay:tus0wfqifxm;jcif;r&Sdonfh vl
i,f 40 ausmcf efrY S oDqv
kd u
kd af omoDcsi;f
oHrmS tMurf;zufrI NzKd ciG ;f a&;&Jrsm; bmvkyf
&rSe;f rod jzpfomG ;cJo
h nf/
]]rD;owfyu
kd ef YJ xd;k cGv
J u
kd w
f t
hJ csed rf mS
vlawGu oBueF o
f cD si;f udkoHNyKd iq
f v
kd u
kd Mf u
awmh ab;uowif ; ,l a ewJ h owif ;
axmufawGu0dik ;f &,fMuw,f/ &JawGvnf;
bmvkyf&rSef;rod jzpfukefMuw,f}} [k
tqd k y gae&mwG i f owif ; &,l a eonf h
owif;axmufwpfO;D uajymjyonf/
jrefrmtoif;ESihf tif'ekd ;D &Sm;toif;
wdkY tkyfpkaemufqHk;yGJpOfupm;NyD;csdefwGif
jrefrmtoif;HI;edrfhrIudk rausreyfjzpfae
aom aomif;ESichf so
D nfh vltyk Bf u;D u jrefrm
abmvHk;toif;tusrsm;rD;dIUjcif;? SEAGAME qdkif;bkwfrsm; rD;dIUzsufqD;jcif;?
vHx
k ed ;f wyfzUJG rsm;tm; cJjzifyh pfaygufjcif;
rsm; jyKvyk cf o
hJ jzifh rD;owfum;rsm; xyfrH
ac:,lc&hJ Ny;D vHx
k ed ;f tiftm;trsm;tjym;
jzifh 0ifa&mufxed ;f odr;f cJ&h jcif;jzpfonf/
jrefrmEkid if w
H iG f 44 ESpt
f MumrS tdrf
&Sit
f jzpf jyefvnfusi;f ycGihf &&So
d nfh SEAGAME abmvHk;NydKifyGJwGif tdrf&Sifjrefrm
toif;u tif'ekd ;D &Sm;toif;udk 1-0 jzifh H;I
edru
hf m tkypf yk pJG OfwiG yf if Ekwx
f u
G v
f u
kd &f
csed w
f iG f tmqD,aH 'owGi;f xdyo
f ;D owif;
wpfy'k u
f kd abmvH;k yGyJ &dowfrsm;zefw;D ay;
vdu
k f jcif;jzpfonf/ jrefrm-tdrk efyNJG y;D aemuf
'kw,
d ajrmuf y&dowftMurf;qH;k yGw
J pfck
jzpfvmcJo
h nf/
]]jrefrmtdru
f iG ;f rSmjrefrmy&dowfawG
a&SU b,fvu
kd efjyvdu
k w
f mvJrodb;l / uRef
awmfvnf; pdwfukdawmfawmfxdef;xm;
vdu
k &f w,f/ rdom;pkryg&if rD;dUI wJt
h xJ
uReaf wmfygrSmaocsmw,f}} [kvm;d;I NrKd UrS
rd o m;pk v d k u f vma&muf t m;ay;onf h
udo
k m;Bu;D u ajymjyonf/
jrefrm-tif'ykd w
JG iG f tEdik (f odrYk [kw)f
oa&uefjkH zifhqDr;D zdik ef ,fyu
JG kdwufa&muf
Edkifrnfjzpf&m jrefrmy&dowfarQmfvifh
csufBuD;pGmjzifh vma&muftm;ay;&mwGif
arQmfvihfcsuftwdkif; jzpfrvmcJhojzifh
y&dowfaoG;qlum t"dukP;f qefqef
jzpfymG ;cJjh cif;jzpfonf/ tqkyd gyGw
J iG f yxr
ydkif;y,fe,fwDjzifh tif'dktm;tzGifh*dk;ay;
vdkuf&csdefwGif jrefrmy&dowftcsKdUatmf
[pfqq
J rkd rI sm;&Sad omfvnf; y&dowf tcsi;f
csi;f jyefxed ;f um tm;ay;rIt&Sed jf yefjrifv
h m
cJo
h nf/ ]]jrefrm jrefrm}} [laomtoHrsm;
uGi;f twGi;f jyefnv
H maomfvnf; jrefrm
toif;\upm;uGuyf pkH HjyefwufrvmcJah y/
'kw,
d ydik ;f wGifrdepf 80 txd y&dowf
rsm;u at;
a&T&Ekid w
f hJ taetxm;rsK;d a&mufNy;D rS &if0
aqmifhuefcsvdkufovdkyJ? 'DyGJuarQmfvifh
csufudk dkufcsKd;vdkufovdkyJ/ jynfolvlxk
uvnf; t&rf;udak rQmv
f ifah ewJt
h csed rf mS
jzpfoGm;wm/ y&dowfawGudk em;vnfyg
w,f/ 'Dy&JG v'feYJ ywfoufNy;D tvkyyf su?f
tudik yf sucf NH y;D vufrw
S w
f ef;pDNy;D 0,f,l
tm;ay;wJh jrefrmy&dowfBu;D udk wm0ef&dS
olwpfa,muftaeeJY tEl;tnGwf awmif;
yefygw,f}} [k jrefrmEkid if aH bmvH;k tzGUJ csKyf
Ou | OD ; aZmf a Zmf u 'D Z if b m 16 &uf
owif;pm&Si;f vif;yGw
J iG f ajymMum;cJo
h nf/
jrefrmtoif; HI;yGJawGUvdkuf&onfh
'DZifbm 16 &ufnwGifyif vlrIuGef&uf
pmrsuf E S m rsm;ay:wG i f abmvH k ; yG J E S i f h
ywfoufonfh taMumif;t&mrsm; ysHUESHY
aecJo
h nf/ uAsmrsm;? pmrsm;jzifh abmvH;k
yGJtaMumif; a0a0qmqm a&;om;cJhMu
onf/ trsm;pkrmS jrefrmtoif;vlxw
k yf EkH iS hf
ywfoufNy;D ar;cGe;f xkwcf MhJ uonf/ jrefrm
toif;upm;yHkrSm vufa&G;piftoif;
ESirhf wl? vGwv
f yfa&;aeY&yfuu
G af bmvH;k yGJ
upm; aeovdyk if [k a&;om;xm;Muonf/
]]nDav;wdaYk & rif;wdYk Local League
awGrmS vpmaumif;aumif;eJu
Y pm;Ny;D ud,
k f
ydik u
f m;awGeYJ oGm;aecsed rf mS ud,
k w
f aYkd wGu
vdik ;f um;wd;k pD;? yGNJ y;D awmhrS okwo
f w
k jf yef
usew
f mav;eJY npmpm;cJMh uwmyg/}}
nDav;wdaYk & rif;wdaYk wG Ekid yf aJG wG&
qkwq
H yd af wGeYJ wpf<u<ujzpfaecsed rf mS acR;
awG&TJ toHawG0if(wpfcgwav) vlkyf
awmifryDjyifayr,fh uGif;ab;rSm&yfNyD;
vufcyk w
f ;D ae&&if auseyfaeMuwmyg/
nDav;wdaYk & rif;wdaYk wG b,fvrkd mS ;
rSm; tvum;yg/ ajymwJo
h al wGukd cHwu
kd f
rdu
k cf MhJ uwm ud,
k w
f aYkd wGyg/
nDav;wdkYa& tvum;yg? rif;wdkY
jrefrmabmvH;k I;H rSmyguGmajymwdik ;f wpf'ikd ;f
'dik ;f aoG;awGqyl u
G ?f ajymxGuw
f &hJ efolemvef
rxlatmifzEd ydS ?f ckawmhaoG;rwdwaf wmhb;l
uG,?f rd;k rvif;cifx? yl&w
S ahJ ea&mifatmuf
acR;awmufawmufusatmifwef;pD? vuf
awGcsif;csif;eDatmif oHwdkifawGudkifwdk;
wdt
Yk rsK;d &JUpGr;f &nf b,fbufurS rrDcMhJ u
bl;uG,?f 2000 wefvufrw
S u
f kd 20000
ay;NyD;Munfhwm? 4000 wefvufrSwfudk
30000 ay;Ny;D Munfw
h m/ bmaMumifv
h q
J kd
&if nDav;wdkYb,fvdkajzrvJ?
yGJNyD;awmhrS yufvufvJuswJh
nDrav;wdu
Yk kd oem;rdayr,fh
'gb,folpD&ifwJh w&m;vJ?
rauseyfpdwfeJY &Suf&rf;&rf;
yGJMurf;&if;aoG;ql? tJ'D vl
awGu olwdkYa'goudk olwdkY
b0eJY &if;jy Mu&wmuG? aemufwpfcku
urmay:rSmtdru
f iG ;f r&Sw
d hJwpfcw
k nf;aom
Ekid if H b,f oljzpfrvJar;? awG;Munfph rf;ygOD;?
olYEdkifiHusawmhvnf; olY'dkif? udk,fhEkdifiH
usawmhvnf; ol'Y ikd ?f ud,
k w
f v
Ykd nf; wpfEidk if H
vH;k pkNy;D 'dik w
f pfa,mufavmuf 0,f&r,f
xifyg&JU/ aemufwpfqihf rSm BuKH Eidk o
f u
l kd 'dik f
vkyfcGifhay;wm bmtxmvJawmh odcsif
w,f/ enf;jycifAsm; ydyk o
D yg&JU? cifAsm;&JU
Sorry wpfv;kH av;twGuf usKyw
f aYkd y;vdu
k f
&wm oef; 60 &JUtdyrf ufawGAs/ abmvH;k
twGuf oH;k vdu
k &f wJyh u
kd q
f aH wG? wu,fu
arQmfvifhcsufudk aiGeJY 0,faecJhMuwmyg/
Ekid if H wumtawGUtBuKH r&Sv
d ?Ykd ajcrprf;&vd?Yk
avhusichf sed faumif;aumif;r&Sv
d q
Ykd w
kd phJ um;
'Dwpfcgawmh em;cg;cJNh y/D
nDav;wdaYk & rdu
k u
f ef;wJu
h ,
kd w
f aYkd wG
a&TqdkwJhtdyfruf rufcJhMu? wdkufcdkufwJh
pum; em;xm;vdYk ajymcJMh uw,f/ aejynf
awmfomG ;r,f? aejynfawmfomG ;r,fqw
kd hJ
atmfoHcyfnHnH atmfcJhMuw,f/ ckawmh
nDav;wdYk rsu&f nfavmufeYJ 'gawGaMuygh
rvm;/
nDav;wdaYk & rif;wdu
Yk efwyhJ JG rif;wdYk
jyefMunfh&J&if Munfhvdkufyg/ rsufESmi,f
av;eJY rdef;uav;awG? vuftkyfcsDaewJh
aumifrav;awG? pd;k &drx
f w
d v
f ef&Y if; arQmf
vifw
h Bu;D jzpfaewJh rsu0f ef;awG? tm;rvdk
tm;r&pum;awG? olrsm;wdu
k cf u
kd w
f hJpum;
awGMum; em;uef;csiaf ,mifaqmif vufr
axmifaeMuolawG? tJ'DxJrSm rif;wdkYudk
tm;ay;csifvGef;vdkY cdk;xGufvm&olawG&Sd
w,f/ r&Srd &hJ rdS hJ ydu
k q
f cH seNf y;D Munf&h olawG
&Sw
d ,f/ tvkyu
f qkaMu;tjzwfcH usecf sif
oavmufuseyf gapqdw
k hJ olawG&w
dS ,f/ 'g
44 ESprf ufc&hJ wJh tdyrf uf&UJ tqH;k vm;/ tJ'D
tjyifnaD v;wdrYk jrif&wJh wpfzufrmS wke&f D
aewJt
h oHawG? a0haewJrh su&f nfawG? idu
k f
pdu
k u
f somG ;wJh OD;acgif;awG? igrajymvm;qdk
wJ h rsuf 0 ef ; atmuf u od r f i ,f r I a wG ?
awmufacguftBH uw
d af oG;rwdww
f hJ EIwf
crf;awG/ nDav;wdaYk & uGi;f xJutxGuf
rif;wdeYk if;cJw
h m jrufcif;r[kwb
f ;l / oef;
60 &JU oufjyif;awG? wpfEidk if v
H ;kH &JU tdyrf uf
awG? EkdifiHawmf&JU *kPfodumawG? jrefrmh
abmvHk;&JU tem*wfawG? xyfajymyg&
apOD;/ nD rif;wdkYaMumifh'Dnvlb,fES
a,muf...
]]nDav;wdaYk & ud,
k w
f EYkd idk if o
H m;awG
tm;vH;k wm0efauscMhJ uw,f/ rif;wdaYk &m}}
qdo
k nfph mom;rSm vlru
I eG &f ufpmrsuEf mS
rsm;wGif vlBuKd ut
f rsm;qH;k pmom;wpfcjk zpf
aeonf/
abmvH;k yGt
J Ny;D owif;pm&Si;f vif;yGJ
wGifenf;jycsKyfywfaqmif[mG u ]]uReaf wmfh
taeeJY tkypf t
k qifrh mS Head to Head eJY
qH;k jzwfr,fqw
kd m rodco
hJ vdk tjcm;olawG
uvnf; bmrSrajymcJhbl;/ *dk;eJYwGuf&if
oHk;*dk;ay;&&ifawmif qDrD;wufr,fvdkY
odxm;wmyg/ jrefrmtoif; tkypf t
k qifu
h
xGufcJh&wmudk yGJNyD;rSyJ odcJh&wmyg/ 'DyGJ
&v'feYJ ywfoufNy;D uReaf wmhrf mS yJ wm0ef
&Syd gw,f/ uReaf wmht
f &nftcsi;f 'Davmuf
yJ&SdvdkY IH;cJh&wmyg/ jrefrmy&dowfawGudk
vnf; awmif;yefcsiyf gw,f}} [kywfaqmif
[Gmu ajymMum;cJo
h nf/
ywf a qmif [ G m \tajymaMumif h
jrefrmEkid if H abmvH;k tzGUJ csKyOf u| OD;aZmf
aZmfu rD',
D mrsm;a&SUwGiyf if eH&u
H v
kd ufo;D
jzifx
h ;kd um jyefvnfajz&Si;f cJo
h nf/
]]tJ'gawmhr[kwyf gbl;/ 'D Head to
Head pepfeYJ ywfoufNy;D tm&SabmvH;k tzGUJ
csKyfua&m? uRefawmfwdkYa&m? &Sd&SdorQ
toif ; rS m &S d w J h jref r mwm0ef c H a &m?
pum;jyefa&m tukeaf jymNy;D ygNy/D y&dowf
oH;k aomif;awmifow
d m olrodb;l qdw
k m
awmh b,fvjkd zpfEidk rf vJ}} [kO;D aZmfaZmfu
ajymMum;cJo
h nf/
]]enf;jyoabmxm;u olyv
J yk rf ,f/
ab;vlbmrSvmrajymeJ/Y 0ifa&mufpu
G zf uf
wmudk vH;k 0vufrcHwhJ vlpm;rsK;d ? ajymav
uefv
Y efw
Y u
kd af vvlrsK;d ? uReaf wmfwt
Ykd zGUJ
csKyu
f vnf; pmcsKyo
f ufwrf; ESpEf pS ef iYJ mS ;Ny;D
aeawmh tm;vH;k u onf;cHNy;D pmcsKyu
f ek f
wJt
h xd xm;r,fvYkd qH;k jzwfvu
kd w
f myg/ vl
xkwyf ekH YJywfoufNy;D a0zefajymqdw
k t
hJ wGuf
vnf; usew
f jhJ refrmenf;jyawGeYJ pum;rsm;
&wmvnf;tBurd Bf urd yf g/ tcktif'ekd ;D &Sm;
eJY yGJrwdkifrDrSm uRefawmfudk,fwdkif olYudk
ajymygw,f/ tckyu
JG kd Adv
k v
f yk v
JG u
kd pm;zd?Yk
abmvH;k qdw
k mbmrqdjk zpfvmEkid w
f t
hJ wGuf
taumif;qH;k jzpfatmif jyifqifzaYkd jymw,f/
pum;jyefuwpfqifh ]]pdwcf syg? bmrSrjzpfyg
bl;}} vdo
Yk u
l ajzw,f/ uefr,fah eYeeH ufu
vnf; olweYkd aYJ wGUawmh ]]wpfzuftoif;u
azmifzsuw
f u
kd rf mS ? rxifrw
S w
f mawG jzpf
wwfw,f? yxrydik ;f aocsmzdupm;? ESp*f ;kd
avmuf&vdYkaocsmNyq
D rkd Srif;BuKd uw
f mvky}f }
qdak wmh ]]pdwcf syg}}vdYk xyfuwday;w,f/
yGrJ pcifrmS wif wku
d pf pfrLS ; ]]ausmu
f u
kd }kd } udk
rxnf h b l ; vk y f j yef w ,f / 'gaMumif h
ausmfudkudk udkuRefawmfudk,fwdkifac:NyD;
enf;jyywfaqmif[Gmudk ausat;atmif
uefawmhcdkif;NyD; Line up xJxnfhzdkYajym&
w,f/ 'gawmif 'kw,
d ydik ;f rS xnfw
h ,f/
zdtm;awGeYJ upm;&awmh upm;orm;av;
awGvnf; b,fvv
kd yk &f awmhrvJ/ tajc
taeudk MunfhNyD;awmh vlpm;xdk;oifhwm
xd;k &r,fav}} [kenf;jyESihf jzpfysucf o
hJ nfh
udpu
kd tzGUJ csKyOf u|u ajymjycJo
h nf/
]]&v'fqdk;twGuf y&dowfawGudk
uReaf wmfpw
d rf aumif;vGe;f vdYk &Scd ;kd awmif;
yefcsiyf gw,f/ ywfaqmif[mG eJY uReaf wmf
wd&Yk UJ vufwrJG u
I 'DrmS yJ&yfygNy/D olepYJ mcsKyf
oufwrf;useaf eao;ayr,fh qufNy;D vuf
Z*D- ZPKUP6 U>NZ\I JEO``>N }LIXTXIYXI
ajymMum;cJo
h nf/
'DZifbm 16 &ufnydik ;f wGif vHNk cKH a&;
t& zrf;qD;cHxm;&onfh vludk;OD;udk 17
&ufwGif OD;aZmfaZmfudk,fwdkif vma&muf
xkw,
f cl o
hJ nf/ tqdyk gvlrsm;udk c&D;p&dwf
yif jyefxw
k af y;vdu
k af o;onf/
]]abmvH;k udck spv
f Ykdr&nf&,
G b
f jJ zpfwhJ
jyemrSm xdef;odrf;cHxm;&wJh y&dowf
twGuf jyefvnfvw
T af y;zdYk uReaf wmfu,
kd f
wdkif arwm&yfcHtyfwmyg/ rsKd;cspfpdwf
aMumifh jzpf&wJt
h wGuf olwaYkd wGtcsKycf ef;
xJrmS &Sad eoa&GU uReaf wmfb,fvrkd S tdyf
aysmEf idk rf mS r[kwyf gbl;}} [kabmvH;k tzGUJ csKyf
Ou|uqdo
k nf/
jrefrmEkdifiHtaejzifh jrefrm-tdkref
yGw
J iG f jyemjzpfymG ;cJo
h jzifhzDzmrStrd u
f iG ;f
usi;f ycGihf oH;k ESpyf w
d yf ifcx
H m;&&mrS zDzmudk
'Pf aMu;ay;aqmif um usif ;ycG if h &&S d
atmif pDpOfc&hJ jcif;jzpfonf/ vuf&t
dS jzpf
tysurf mS vnf; zDzmrSta&;,lrrI sm; xyfrH
jyKvyk Ef idk o
f nfh taetxm;jzpfaeonf/
jrefrmEkid if \
H trsK;d om;abmvH;k NyKd if
yGrJ mS tkyq
f ;kd tusn;f wefpmG Ny;D qH;k oGm;cJh
NyDjzpfonf/ Seagame NydKifyGJaygif;rsm;pGm
use&f adS e&mwGif a&Twq
H yd q
f ak ygif;rsm;pGm
arQmfrSef;Ekdifao;onfh taetxm;&Sdae
onf/ tjcm;NydKifyGJrsm;wGif EkdifiHBuD;om;
yDopGmyif tm;ay;um tHI;udk tNyHK;ESifh
wkjYH yefay;&efrmS jrefrmEkid if o
H m;wd\
Yk wm0ef
[kq&kd rnfjzpfayonf/
/
20
aqmif;yg;
,ciftywfrt
S quf
4-5-31aeYrmS awmh jynf cdik &f mZ0wf
0efBu;D rpwmMorwifacgif;aqmifwt
hJ zGUJ udk
0ufx;D uefteD;NrKd Ur&GmrSm*VKeo
f yl ek t
f zGUJ u
0kid ;f 0ef;wku
d cf u
dk cf v
hJ Ykd &mZ0wf0efBu;D eJY
ykvdyftzGJU ckepfa,mufusqHk;cJh&w,f/
10-5-31aeY r S m *VKef o l y k e f & G m u
[oFmwNrKd Uv,f*gwf0if; 0if;pD;vkyYd efcsmyD
ppfom;awG'Pf&m&ukew
f ,f/ 15-5-31
rSmawmh [oFmwcdkif? v,fwDpmjzLpk
ykvyd u
f if;pcef;udk *VKeo
f yl ek w
f 0Ykd ifp;D wku
d f
cku
d cf w
hJ ,f/
tJ'w
D ek ;f u *VKeo
f yl ek w
f yfzUJG awG pepf
wusavhusiw
f nfaqmufxm;wmawmhr
[kwb
f ;l / q&mpHu,
kd w
f ikd u
f aq;q&mwpf
a,mufuvmwmjzpfvYkd wkw?f "m;? aoewf
Ny;D aq;qdw
k mazmfpyfx;dk ay;Ny;D ]]ukvm;vuf
eufjzifrh ao&? opm&SMd u}}[laom aqmif
yk'jf zifhwku
d pf w
d cf u
dk pf w
d u
f kdtm;ay;cJw
h mjzpf
w,f/ pGu
J ikd &f wJv
h ufeufawGuvnf; wkw?f
"m;? 0g;cRerf sm;? vSrH sm;? vkyaf oewfrsm;om
jzpfw,f/ tm;aq;taeeJY vufzsaH y:wGif
ukvm;udo
k yl ek jf zKwf twdwjf zifeh *g;ud*k VKef
okww
f t
hJ kyw
f ufw;l udo
k m xd;k ay;avh&dS
w,f/vufarmif;rSmawmh*VKew
f yfzUJG tqifh
(u)Bu;D tu&mudk xd;k ay;xm;w,f/ aemuf
ArmvlrsK;d rsm;xHryS pn;f Opmwpfpw
kH pf&mudk
rvk,ufyg/ wkid ;f jynfeo
YJ moemudt
k ouf
ay;wku
d cf u
kd yf grnfvYkop
d ma&;aomufNy;D
wku
d yf 0JG ifMu&w,fvv
Ykd nf;odc&hJ w,f/
pwku
d yf 0JG if0ifcsi;f *VKew
f yfzUJG 0ifrsm;
[m wpf&mG 0ifwpf&mG xGuf &GmolBu;D rsm;udk
tpd;k &uay;xm;aomESpv
f ;kH jyL;aoewfrsm;
udo
k rd ;f cJw
h ,f/ ,rf;awmifrh sm;udv
k nf; odr;f
w,f/ tcGeaf wmfeaYJ jypmrsm;? pmcsKyrf sm;
udv
k nf;rD;dUI ypfw,f/ tpdk;&ppfom;rsm;rS
ty tjcm;olrsm;udk rowf&vdkY trdefY
xkwx
f m;ayr,fh *VKew
f yfzUJG wGif vlq;kd "m;
jy? awmaMumifrsm; a&maESmygaevdkY om
,m0wD? tif;&Gm? rD;&xm;blwmHkteD;u
wkwu
f v
k m;ukepf q
kH ikd rf sm;rS ypn;f rsm;udk
,l tdrfudkrD;IdUcJhMuw,f/ tdrf&Sif oHk;
a,mufudkvnf; owfjzwfvkdufMuw,f/
'g[m *VKefwyfzGJU0ifwkdif;[m *sDpDbDat
*kP
d ;f om;rsm;r[kwaf Mumif; xif&mS ;cJjh cif;
jzpfw,f/ 'gayrJh t*Fvdyftpdk;&uawmh
q&mpH&UJ ykeu
f efrjI zpfNy;D wJah emuf 'DZifbm
24&ufaeYrSmyJ *sDpDbDatOD;pdk;odrf;&JU t
oif;wkdufudk ppfwyfeJY0dkif;NyD; pm&Gufpm
wrf;rsm;udk odr;f oGm;w,f/ 'kOu|om,m
0wDarmifarmif&UJ tdru
f v
kd nf;oGm;Ny;D odr;f
t wJG ( 1 ) ? t rS wf ( 5 2 )
w e *F a EG ? 2 2 ? 'D Z if b m ? 2 0 1 3
q&mpHudkom,m0wDaxmifydkhNyD;
BudK;rdefhay;owfcJUw,f/
v,form;qdkwmtJ'gyJ?cHEkdiforQawmU iHkhcHw,f/
rcHEkdif&ifawmU wHkhjyefrSmyJ . . . .
tBu;D tus,u
f yG u
f v
J u
dk w
f ,f/ 1931ar
v 13&ufaeYrSm trSwf(1^17)tdEd,u
'dk*&majcvsifwyf&if;udk &efukefac:vdkuf
vdkY a&muf&Sdvmw,f/ a&mufa&mufcsif;
jrif;NcHudk tjrefydkYvkdufw,f/ ZGefvqef;rSm
tdEd,u trSwf(3^16)yefcsmyDajcvsif
wyf&if;udkvSrf;rSmvkdufNyD; om,m0wDrSm
ajcukyf,lvkdufw,f/ tJ'DaeYrSmyJ trSwf
12wyfr[m&JU Hk;wyfzGJU[m rEav;udk
ajymif;cJw
h ,f/ ZGev
f 12&ufaeYrmS refcsuf
pwmajcvsiw
f yf&if; trSw(f 2)[m jrefrm
jynfudka&muf&SdvmNyD; awmifileJYrEav;
rS m ae&mcsvk d u f w ,f / ZG e f v uk e f r S m
trSw(f 3^10) bvlcsw
D yf&if;udk [oFmw
jyefydkYvkdufw,f/ trSwf(2^5)rm&wajc
vsiw
f yf&if;udak wmh jynfuakd jymif;oGm;wJh
yefcsmyDwyf&if;ae&m om,m0wDudk xyf
ydkYvkdufw,f/ Mo*kwf 10&ufaeYrSm trSwf
(3^6)&m*smyl;we tdE,
d aoewfuikd w
f yf
&if;a&muf&v
dS mNy;D tvHNrKd Uudyk v
Ykd u
dk w
f ,f/
enf;ynm
t wJG ( 1 ) ? t rS wf ( 5 2 )
w e *F a EG ? 2 2 ? 'D Z if b m ? 2 0 1 3
Europavonfurm\vxuftenf;i,fao;Ny;D
*sLyD wmN*Kd [u
f w
kd pfBurd v
f n
S yhf wf&ef 3'or5 &ufMum
onf/ ,ckawGU&Srd \
I tao;pdwt
f csut
f vufrsm;udk
qef z&efppuw
kd iG f jyKvyk af om American Geophysical
Union tpnf;ta0;wGif euwfynm&Sifrsm;wkdifyif
aqG;aEG;cJMh uNy;D owif;xkwjf yefcjhJ cif;jzpfonf/
ausmo
f &l
iref;trrsm;onf rD;zGm;jcif;tm;
arG;&yfodkYom jyef
jyKvkyfavh &Sdonf[kqdk
iref;rsm;onf a&xJwGif a0;vHaomae&modkY oGm;vm
vIy&f mS ;jcif;udk wjcm;a&aeow0grsm;xufy
kd jyKvyk af vh&MdS u
onf/ xdu
k o
hJ Ykd rkid cf saD 0;vHaomae&mrsm;xd a&muf&u
dS supf m;
Muaomfvnf; ud,
k 0f efaqmifcsed w
f iG f arG;&yfajrodYk tNrjJ yefvm
avh&NdS y;D rD;zGm;Muonfuakd vhvmawGU&Scd o
hJ nf/
a&aeow0gavhvma&; Ekid if w
H umokawoDtzGUJ wpfzUJG
onf b[m; rm;Ekid if &H dSuRe;f rsm;wGifiref;rsm;udkESpaf ygif; 20ausmf
arG;jrL okawoejyKvyk &f m ,cktcsuu
f akd vh vmawGU&Scd jhJ cif;
jzpfonf/ arG;&mae &modYkjyefvmrD;zGm;Muonft
h aMumif;&if;udk
rod&adS o;aomfvnf; aqmfvrGeif g;rsm;ESihf yifv,f vdyrf sm;wGif
vnf; ,if;uJo
h v
Ykd uPmtjyKtrlrsm;&SMd uonf/
iref;rsm;\ arG;zGm;csed rf t
S &G,af &muf &ifu
h sucf sed o
f nf
ESpaf ygif; 20cefMY um jrifah vh&NdS y;D oufwrf;&Snaf om a&aeow0g
wpfrsK;d jzpfonf/ a&xJBu;D us,cf rf;em;aom tzef qif;cHwpfrsK;d
jzpfonfh ig;ref;wdw
Yk iG f xl;jcm;onft
h qdyk gtjyKtrltm; yxr
qHk;tBudrf awGU&SdcJhjcif;jzpfNyD; Molecular Ecology Journal wGif
azmfjyxm;onf/
ausmo
f &l ? Ref:DM
Ref:Reuters
21
prwfvufpGyftm; tdEd,ynm&SifwpfOD;wDxGif
enf ; ynmvuf y wf e m&D
Smart watch rsm; wDxi
G x
f w
k v
f yk f
NyD;onfrSm rMumao;aomfvnf;
,cktcgydkrdkao;i,fonfh prwf
vufpyG u
f kd tdE,
d Ekid if rH S ynm&Sif
tm&S[
f cYkd u
f rl m;u wDxiG cf o
hJ nf/
Smarty Ring [k a c:aom
tqkyd gvufpyG w
f iG f ao;i,faom
LED Screen yg0ifNy;D prwfze
k ;f rsm;
ESihf Bluetooth csw
d q
f uftoH;k jyK&
rnf j zpf o nf / Screen ay:wG i f
tcsed ?f rufaqhcsEf iS hftD;ar;vft0if
txGu?f Social Media rsm;rS Notifications wdkYudkazmfjyay;Ekdifonf/
zke;f ac:qdjk cif;udv
k nf; vufpyG rf S
wpfqifjh yKvyk Ef idk o
f vdk zke;f wGif oD
csi;f zGix
hf m;onfukdxde;f csKyEf idk jf cif;?
zke;f uifr&mudk zGiEhf idk jf cif;ponfwYkd
udrk rd u
d ikd o
f nfhprwfzek ;f \ Remote
Control wpfcktjzpfxdef;csKyf&ef
toHk;jyKEkdifrnfjzpfonf/ Smarty
Ring avtm; pwD;vfjzifjh yKvy
kx
f m;
Ny;D 22mAH&So
d nfh auG;Gw
f ao;
i,faom bufx&Dtm;xnfo
h iG ;f
xm;onf/ xdb
k ufx&Donf 24em&D
22
aqmif;yg;
jrefrmhjynfwGif;a&;jyemawGudk
taumif;qH;k ukpm;Ekid zf Ykd 'Dru
kd a&pDtyk cf sKyf
a&;pepfuakd zmfaqmif&r,fvYkdvGwv
f yfa&;
zcifBuD; AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;&JUorD; a':
atmifqef;pkMunfu Ekid if aH &;a[majymyGJ
awGrmS &J0jhH ywfom;pGmeJ&Y iS ;f jyxm;cJNh y;D jzpf
w,fAs/ 'Dru
kd a&pDpepfqw
kd m Ekid if o
H m;tm;
vH;k udt
k usK;d jyKr,fh vrf;pOfBu;D jzpfaeawmh
Ekid if aH &;vkypf m;csio
f al wGu raxmufccH sif
Mubl;avAsm/
'Dru
kd a&pDpepfuu
kd sio
hf ;kH vdYktjrifq
h ;kH
a&mufaewJhEkdifiHawGeJY 'Drdkua&pDpepfudk
nO;f qJvYkdqif;&JwEhJ idk if aH wGukdavhvmMunfh
&if uREykf w
f &Ykd UJ 'Dru
kd a&pDpepfBu;D [m b,f
vdk*kPfjyKcHae&w,fqdkwm awG;MunfhMu
aygh/ uREykf pf Of;pm;rdw,fAs/ jrefrmhEidk if aH &;
abmvH;k uGi;f xJrmS vkyyf u
JG pm;csiaf eMuwJh
wku
d pf pfrLS ;awGuvnf; 'Dru
kd a&pDtoif;
xJrmS pm&if;yJygwm? pdw"f mwfajcpGr;f awG
u wpfygwDuvyfrmS yif Avmcst
D jrwf&mS
csifaeMuw,fav/ 'gaMumifh 'Drdkua&pD
toif;qdkNyD; toif;acgif;aqmif a':
atmifqef;pkMunftaeeJY b,fvdkyifOD;
aqmifO;D aqmif l;aMumifr;l aMumifeYJ aESmifh
,Sucf sio
f al wGu pepfwusZmwfwu
dk x
f m;
Ny;D om;ygyJAs/ jynfoal wGox
d m;zdu
Yk aumif;
wJo
h el aYJ ygif;r,fo
h [
l m ab;qd;k orm;&JUaoG;
xd;k pum;eJY &efwu
dk w
f mawG? tBurH u
dk w
f m
awGudk rSefvkdufygayqdkNyD; olwdkY&JUom;
aumiftvm; em;a,mifroGm;zdt
Yk a&;Bu;D
w,fAs/
tckq&kd if 2015Ekid if aH &;zvm;NyKd iyf JG
Bu;D u eD;uyfayr,fh pnf;MuyfawG&UJ tvH
udik t
f csuaf y;pepfu b,ftoif;udw
k pf
zufowfzt
d m;ay;Ny;D vluRaH bmzrf;csiaf e
ovJqw
kd muREykf w
f jYkd ynfow
l pf&yfv;kH apmihf
Munfah wmfrMl u&r,fAs/'grSvnf;jynfocl spf
wJh vufa&G;piftppftrSeaf wGay:vmrSm
aygh/ uREykf w
f EYkd idk if &H UJ 'Dru
kd a&pDazmfaqmif
a&;vrf;pOf[mbmeJt
Y vm;oPmefwo
l vJ
qd&k if rsupf w
d rd pf aJG ewJo
h u
l kd orm;awmf
&rf;ukawGu0&deaf qmfNy;D 0efaqmifraI y;ae
ovdBk u;D Asm/ tJ'aD 0'em&Sif b,faeYjyefjrif
vmEkid o
f vJqw
kd mawmh r[muREykf v
f nf;
q&mrvky&f b
J ;l /OD;wJo
h x
l ifovdkawG;Munfh
ayyghwum;/
'Dru
kd a&pDpepfukazmf
d aqmifvmMuwJh
urmEh idk if t
H oD;oD;rSmawmhuREykf w
f w
Ykd idk ;f jynf
[m tifrwefx;l jcm;w,f/ bmaMumifv
h q
J kd
awmh 1988ckEpS u
f ae pwifyx
JG u
G v
f mvku
d f
wm tcktcsed x
f t
d csw
d t
f quf rrdao;bl;
As/ wcsKUd vnf; avhusi&hf if;eJu
Y iG ;f xJrmS yJ
zvm;r&? tom;rusaoawmfro
l mG ;Mu&Sm
w,f/ wcsKUd vnf;yg;pyfu 'Dru
kd a&pDpw
d u
f
rSDcdktajcwnfaygh/ rSDcdktajcwnfqdkwm
wjcm;r[kw?f pum;rIyf rdrt
d vkyjf zpfr,fh
tDvefredS ;f pm; pDru
H ed ;f rsm;udq
k v
kd o
kd aygh/
wpfcgwpfcg uREykf q
f ak wmif;rdygw,fAsm/
2014jrefrmhtwmoBueF rf mS odMum;rif;qdw
k hJ
r[mewfrif;Bu;D qif;oufvmcJrh ,fq&kd if
'Dru
kd a&pD,mOfawmfBu;D pD;vdYvuf
k wpfzufu
t wJG ( 1 ) ? t rS wf ( 5 2 )
w e *F a EG ? 2 2 ? 'D Z if b m ? 2 0 1 3
ajcrSmavQmufarTwm?&rf;um;wmawGvnf;
awmfawmfav;udkxlxyfaeNyDvdkY rSwf,l
MuAsm/ uREykf u
f awmh wyfuvlawG? t&yf
uvlawG rcGjJ cm;bl;? t&yfom;tkycf sKyv
f Ykd
rawmfwmvky&f ifvnf; jynfov
l x
l Bk u;D yJ
rGNJ y;D &if; rGaJ eOD;rSmaygh/ d;k om;wJt
h pd;k &qd&k if
auseyfNyAD sm/
uREykf w
f w
Ykd pfrsK;d om;vH;k &JU pdw"f mwf
awG rjyifoa&GU 'Dru
kd a&pDBu;D qdw
k m pnf
yiftrIdufum;xJrSmvm;vdkY ar;ae&r,f
aemf/ txufzm;atmufzed nf;eJY tacsmif
&mxl;,lxm;NyD; EkdifiHawmfuae vpm,l
w,f? &wmcsLr,fqw
kd hJ pepfq;kd awGrjyKjyif
Ekid o
f a&GU ajymif;vJw,fqw
kd m tnma'o
rSm avjyif;wku
d v
f v
Ykd m;vdyYk J 'kw,
d rx
d yf
ar;Munhcf siw
f ,f/ apmapmu uREykf rf w
d f
aqGukd &efawGUoGm;wJh &mxl;&Sit
f rnfawmf
& tBuHtzef atmufwef;pm;awG rrSef
ruefavQmuf&rf;um;aeoa&GU b,faom
t cgrS 'Dru
kd a&pDpepf rjzpfxeG ;f Ekid af yayghw
um;/ 'Dvydk *k Kd vaf wGaMumifh tpd;k &tquf
quf emrnfysufcJh&jcif;ygAs/ 'Drdkua&pD
Ekid if aH wGrmS b,fvt
kd &m&Su
d rS jynfow
l pf
OD;wpfa,mufukd rNcrd ;f ajcmufb;l / olw&Ykd UJ
EIwv
f QmawGrmS wpftm;owd0ifawmh ,kwf
rmap&m pum;r&Scd siaf wmhb;l / uREykf w
f q
Ykd D
rSmawmh Adv
k cf sKyaf tmifqef;vdrk sK;d jynfou
l kd
tusK;d jyKNy;D rdru
d ,
kd u
f kd tepfemcHwhJ ol
awmfaumif;rsK;d cspaf cgif;aqmifawG wpfaeY
wjcm;&Sm;yg;vmNyD; ZdrfcH&rf;um;vlMurf;
rsm;u xlxyfaygrsm;vdv
Yk maeNyrD Ykd 2015
a&G;aumufyyJG aJ tmfatmf? 2051 tajymif;
tvJyaJ jymajym uREykf w
f pfoufawmh jrefrmh
Ekid if aH &;vrf;pOf[m zm;jyKwu
f akd pmif;wD;
oifovdrk sK;d jzpfaeOD;rSmaygh/
uREykf w
f jYkd ynfoal wG[m t&ifu Ekid if H
a&;udv
k ;kH 0pdwrf 0ifpm;awmh 'Dru
kd a&pDc&D;
pOf[m ESprf w
S w
f idk u
f o
kd ;kH qifph ;D aeovdBk u;D
jzpfcMhJ uwmayghAsm/ tckvnf; jrefrmjynf
olvx
l t
k rsm;qH;k eJY zGUJ pnf;wnfaxmifxm;
wJh 'Drdkua&pDtoif;0ifrSeforQ[m ukef
aps;EIe;f toif;&JU y&d,m,fawGuckd &H vku
d ?f
bmoma&;y#dyutoif;eJYxdyfwkdufawGU
qHv
k u
dk ef YJ awmfawmfav;udk yGyJ ef;aeMuNyD
Asm/ jrefrmhEidk if aH &;zvm;NyKd iyf rJG mS txuf
zm;atmufzu
d vyfu tdru
f iG ;f ? ta0;uGi;f
cHppf? wku
d pf pfrmausmvGe;f Ny;D Ekid yf t
JG wGuf
vdt
k yfvm&if vlcszyYkd g0efrav;bl;vdo
Yk ad e
&w,f/ydq
k ;kd aewmutrsK;d om;opmazmuf
uvyfxrJ mS ajcpGr;f jyaewJh jrefrmwcsKUd [m
pnf;pdrcf sr;f omtv,frmS aeom;usvm
awmh 'Dru
kd a&pDqw
kd hJ owif;udt
k yk pf u
k ae
twufcrH mS r[kwb
f ;l / 'Dru
kd a&pDtoif;
twGuf pdwyf supf &mtcsuEf pS cf suaf wGU&
w,f/ wpfcsuu
f 'dik v
f Bl u;D awGe&YJ if;ES;D wJh
qufqHa&;r&SdrIjzpfNyD; aemufwpfcsufu
qif;&Jwmudk cHwiG ;f awGUaewJh jrefrmh'rD u
kd
a&pDtoif;0ifawG[matmufajcrnDw
G f
ayr,ft
h v,favmufrmS wu,fazmufwm
awG&adS evdyYk q
J w
kd mudk uREykf ef m;eJY t[kwf
Mum;cJv
h yYkd gAsm/ /
aqmif;yg;
t wJG ( 1 ) ? t rS wf ( 5 2 )
w e *F a EG ? 2 2 ? 'D Z if b m ? 2 0 1 3
awmiftmz&duEdik if \
H vlrnf;acgif;
aqmif e,fvfqifrif'Jvm;udk urmwGif
tdE,
d Ekid if \
H acgif;aqmif r[wr*EED iS hf
EdIif;,SOfcJhovdk urmhtajrmftjrif&SdqHk;
EdkifiHa&;acgif;aqmiftjzpf wifpm;ajym
qdMk uonf/ vuf&t
dS csed w
f iG f rif'v
J m;rSm
aoqHk;oGm;NyDjzpf if;ae&mudkrnfol
qufcHrSmvJqdkonfhtcsufrSm ar;cGef;
xkwpf &mjzpfvmcJh onf/ vuf&u
dS mvwGif
b&ef'D? 'Drdku&ufwpfuGef*dk? vDqdkodk?
tif ' d k e D ; &S m ;? ygvuf p wd k i f ; ? tp a &;?
uuf&SfrD;,m;? HIV qdkif&majz&Sif;rItjyif
usefonfhjyemrsm;rSm vuf&Sdurm
xdyw
f ef;jyemrsm;jzpfae um rif'v
J m;u
umvtwefMumajz&Si;f nEd iId ;f rIrsm;jyKvyk f
cJzh ;l onf/
b&ef'ED idk if \
H tjiif;yGm;y#dyuuhJ
odaYk omumvtwefMum&Sad eonfhjyem
rsm; rif'v
J m;uMum;0if nEd iId ;f aphpyfol
tjzpf wm0ef,cl o
hJ vdk HIV uJo
h aYkd &m*gqdik f
&m cufcJvuf0ifaomjyemrsm;udk
ajz&Si;f uln&D ef rif'v
J m;u aqmfMorIrsm;
jyKvkyfcJhonf/ xdkYtjyif rif'Jvm;onf
tar&duef\ Edik if jH cm;a&;rl0g'udk rMum
cPa0zefco
hJ vdk 1991 ckEpS u
f udq
k Akd o
kd Ykd
0if a &muf u sL;ausmf r I u d k v nf ; tjyif ;
txef uefYuGufcJhzl;NyD; HIV qdkif&m
qd k ; &G m ;aoma&m*gtwG u f ul n D r I
rsm;&&efrsm;pGm tulnDrsm;ay;cJhonf/
if;onfvpfAsm; acgif;aqmif u'gzD? tif'kd
eD;&Sm;orwa[mif; ql[mwdkESifh &if;ESD;
rIrsm;pGm&So
d jl zpfonf/
if;\a0zefrrI sm;rSmtjynf0h ratmif
jrifhcJhonfhwkdif rif'Jvm;rSm xif&Sm;aom
*kPjf 'yfrsm;ESit
hf wl urmwGifxifay:ausmf
Mum;aom acgif;aqmiftjzpf owfrw
S cf &H
onf/
0g&SifwefNrdKU&Sd urmhy#dyursm;udk
avhvmapmifMh unfo
h l qDreG rf ufpu
f ]]rif'J
vm;[m tusOf;uscHaecJh&rIrS tajymif;
tvJrsm;pGm vkyaf qmifEidk cf NhJ y;D aphpyfnEd iId ;f rI
ydik ;f rSm NyKd ib
f ufuif;w,fvYkd qdEk idk w
f ,f/
vlYtcGifhta&;qdkif&m udpawGrSmvnf;
vufawGUqefwhJ Ekid if aH &;acgif;aqmifjzpf
w,f/ awmiftmz&duEdik if u
H kd acwfrw
D ;kd
wufa&;twGuf wpfcw
k nf;aomvrf;udk
omoH;k wJhvlt
Y cGit
hf a&;qdik &f macgif;aqmif
yg/'gaMumifrh if'v
J m;[murmt
h ajrmftjrif
t&SdqHk;acgif;aqmiftjzpf owfrSwfcH&
w,f}} [kajymqdo
k nf/ rif'v
J m;onf urmh
plygarmf',frsm;ESihf oDcsi;f qdo
k rl sm;xufyif
xifay:ausmMf um;Ny;D apmifMh unfah v;pm;cH
&oljzpfonf/
xdjYk yif vef'efNrKd UpD;yGm;a&; wuov
kd f
rS c&pfwzkd mt,fv'f ifu rif'v
J m;\ pGr;f
aqmifrEI iS hf ywfouf tif'ekd ;D &Sm;Edik if H
aqmif&GufrIudk Oyrmay;ajymqdkcJhonf/
1997 ckEpS u
f tif'ekd ;D &Sm;orwql[mwdk
\ qEukd jiif;qef *sumwmNrKd U&Sd axmif
uscaH e&aom Edik if aH &;orm; *ufrmtdx
k H
ESpef m&DMumtvnfomG ;cJ&h m ,if;uJo
h o
Ykd mG ;
a&mufraI Mumifh zGUJ pnf;yHt
k ajccH Oya'jyif
qifa&;ESihf *ufrmtdu
k kd jyefvw
G af pcJo
h nf
[kqo
kd nf/ c&pfwzkd mu ]]rif'v
J m;[m Edik if H
a&;vIy&f mS ;olawGtay: qd;k &Gm;pGmjyKrq
l uf
qHyHktwGuf wHkYjyefzdkY vrf;nTefrIawGay;cJh
ovdk Ekid if aH &;orm;rsm;\ rlvtodxuf
ausmv
f eG af ew,f}} [kajymqdo
k nf/
1980 jynfv
h eG Ef pS rf sm;u rif'v
J m;
rSm vlrsK;d cGjJ cm;rI jyemrsm;twGuf rsm;pGm
kef;uefBudK;yrf;&um axmifusrIrsm;&SdcJh
onf/ urmwGit
f ajrmftjrifBu;D aom Edik if H
a&;orm;rsm;&Sad ecJ&h m Ny;D cJah omESprf sm;wGif
trsK;d orD;rsm;vnf; yg0ifcNhJ y;D if;wdrYk mS jynf
wGi;f Edik if aH &;ESihf a'owGi;f jyemrsm;udk
om tmHpk u
kd v
f su&f adS eonf/
rif'v
J m;onf urmNh ird ;f csr;f a&; jzpf
ay:a&;twGuf acgif;aqmifrsm;tpktzGUJ
udk 2007 ckEpS u
f zGUJ pnf;cJzh ;l onf/ rif'v
J m;
\ yk*dKvfa&;qufqHrI aumif;rGefjcif;u
vnf; urmhacgif;aqmifwpfOD;jzpfvmzdkY
t"dutpdwt
f ydik ;f jzpfapNy;D ,if;tcsuf
u jyemrsm;udkajz&Sif;&ef axmufyHh
apcJo
h nf/
udk,fa&;&mZ0ifqdkif&m tcsuft
vufrsm; jyKpkolprpfuvnf; urmhb,f
ae&mrSmrqdk rif'v
J m;\rsuEf mS udjk rifEkH iS hf
ol\trnfukd odMuonf[ak jymqdo
k nf/
rif'Jvm;\t&nfaoG;rsKd; &Sdaomoludk
aemufxyfOyrmay;rnfqdkvQif jrefrm
twdu
k t
f cHacgif;aqmif a':atmifqef;pk
Munfvnf; rif'Jvm;uJhodkYaom t&nf
taoG;rsKd; &SdaeaMumif;? odkYaomfvnf;
rif'v
J m;ESihf wef;wltodrw
S jf yKc&H rnf[k
twdusajymqd
k &rnfr[kwaf Mumif; prpf
23
uajymqdo
k nf/ xdjYk yifrufpu
f ]]a':atmif
qef;pkMunfrSm pdwf0ifpm;p&maumif;wJh
t&nftaoG;eJY tusifhpdkufrsm;&Sdw,f/
urmrSm tajrmftjriftBu;D qH;k eJY Ekid if aH &;
acgif;aqmiftjzpf jzpfvmaumif;jzpfvm
Ekid w
f ,f/ Edik if aH &;rSmu tajymif;tvJawG
jzpfay:aevdYk twdusrodb;l }} [kajymqdk
onf/
a':atmifqef;pkMunfonf awmif
tmz&duacgif;aqmifa[mif; rif'v
J m;uJh
odYk tusO;f usc&H zl;um tawGUBuKH &ifu
h suf
Ny;D tHMh op&maumif;aom uRr;f usirf rI sm;
&Sad eonf/ olronfvuf&u
dS mvwGif Edik if H
a&;udk wuf<upGmvIyf&Sm;vsuf&SdaeNyD;
cufcMJ urf;wrf;rItajctaersm; &Sad eqJjzpf
onf/ rufpu
f ]]urmEh ikd if aH &;acgif;aqmif
wm0ef,rl ,fq&kd if pdwt
f aESmift
h ,Sujf zpf
rIawGukd arQmv
f ifx
h m;&r,f/ urmEh ikd if aH &;
avmu[m ol r eJ Y o mNyD ; qH k ; r,f q d k & if
awmif tcuftcJjyemrsm;udkausmv
f mT ;
&r,f}} [kajymqdo
k nf/
*ED? rif'v
J m;ESihf a':atmifqef;pk
Munfwo
Ykd nfEkid if aH &;tusO;f om;rsm;jzpf&m
pGev
Yf w
T rf rI sm;rSm Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;rsm;
twGuft"duusaom tydik ;f rSmyg0ifaeNy;D
ajrmuf u d k & D ; ,m;ES i f h wk w f E d k i f i H r sm;
vnf; owdxm;&rnfhEkdifiHa&;qdkif&m
tusOf;om;rsm; &SdaeqJyifjzpfonf/
,if ; Ed k i f i H r sm;&S d tusOf ; om;rsm;onf
Ed k i f i H a &;tajymif ; tvJ r sm; od o m
xif&mS ;vmEdik Nf y;D yk*Kd vaf &;qdik &f m pGev
Yf w
T f
rIrsm; vkyaf qmif&ef vdt
k yfrnfjzpfonf/
yk*Kd vaf &;qdik &f m pGev
Yf w
T rf rI sm; tajymif;
tvJwiG f tusK;d oufa&muf&ef tcGihf
ta&;rsm;jzpfvmrnfjzpfovdk EkdifiH
a&;qdkif&mrsm; rSefuefoifhawmfaom
vIyf&Sm;rIrsm; jyKvkyfEkdifonf[k rufpfu
xyfraH jymqdx
k m;onf/
24
tawG;tjrif
'D&ufyikd ;f tGev
f ikd ;f pmrsuEf mS awGay:
ae&m,lxm;wJh taMumif;t&muawmh
qD;*drf;ygyJ/ qD;*drf;rSm ,SOfNydKifaeMuwJh
tm;upm;NyKd iyf aJG wGeYJywfoufwt
hJ aMumif;
t&mawGtjyif aejynfawmfrSm crf;crf;
em;em; usif;yjyKvkyfcJhwJh qD;*drf;zGifhyGJ
tcrf;tem;eJY ywfoufNyD;awmh tjyef
tvSeaf jymqdk jiif;cHak eMuwmawGukd zwf&
wmawmf a wmf a v;ud k pd w f 0 if p m;p&m
aumif;ygw,f/ azhpb
f w
G [
f m oH;k wwfr,f
qd&k if vlaygif;pHq
k u
D tjrifaygif;pHu
k kd jrif
&zwf&EkdifwJh wu,fha&mufwwf&m&m
[if;tdk;BuD;vdkygyJ/ uRefawmfuawmh
vlawG&UJ oabmobm0 rwlnyD akH wG? pOf;
pm;yHkuGmjcm;MuwmawG? wlnDwJh tjzpf
tysuw
f pfcw
k nf;udyk J Iaxmift
h jrif uGJ
jym;wwfMuwmawGukawG
d U&Ny;D vlo
Y bm0udk
awmfawmfav;oabmaygufvmcJyh gw,f/
xm;yg/ qD;*dr;f eJyY wfoufNy;D tGev
f idk ;f ay:
rSm bmawGajymMuvdYk uReaf wmfua&m bm
awGawG;rdovJqw
kd u
hJ pd u
q
kd ufajymygr,f/
yxrqH;k awmh jcif;vH;k upm;enf;awG
udk yxrqH;k upm;Ny;D jrefrmu a&Twq
H yd q
f k
awG t&ifq;kH &,lomG ;w,fqw
kd hJ udpe pYJ yg
r,f/ tpuwnf;u ,Ofovdq
k o
kd vdk ygyJ/
a&T&vdkY aysmfMuolawGeJY dk;&mtm;upm;
awGxnfo
h iG ;f Ny;D a&T&wm bmrStxifBu;D
p&mr&Sb
d ;l qdNk y;D ajymMuolawG tGev
f ikd ;f rSm
pawGUMuygawmhw,f/ 'DwpfcgawGUMuwm
u jynfolvlxktcsif;csif; tjiif;yGm;
ukeMf uwmyg/ udp& yfwpfct
k ay:rSm tjrif
awGrwlMuwm obm0usayr,fh tJ'D
rwl n D w J h t jrif a wG u d k tcsif ; csif ; acs
zsuyf pfp&mrvdb
k J tjyeftvSeaf v;pm;
zdkYvdkw,fqdkwJh oabmw&m;uawmh
obm0w&m;eJY twlygrvmbl;jzpfaeyg
w,f/ tJ'Dawmh obm0twkdif;jzpfwJh
uGjJ ym;rIawGukd t&if;cHNy;D rvdv
k m;tyfwhJ
cGjJ cm;rIawGu vlt
Y zGUJ tpnf;xJrmS ajccsae
&m,lvmMuygawmhw,f/
tJ'DaemufrSmawmh qD;*drf;zGifhyGJ
tcrf;tem;udk aejynfawmfrmS crf;crf;em;
em;usif;yjyKvkyfcJhwJh udpeJYywfoufNyD;
xyfrt
H jiif;yGm;Mujyefygw,f/ zGiyhf t
JG crf;
tem;BuD ; [m wk w f ? tar&d u ef p wJ h
EkdifiHBuD;awG&JU yHhydk;rIawGudk a':vmoef;
aygif;rsm;pGmay;Ny;D &,lusi;f ycJw
h maMumifh
awmfawmfav;udk crf;crf;em;em;jzpfcJhNyD;
urmuyg cs;D usL;Mu&wJh taetxm;wpfck
udak &mufcyhJ gw,f/ Munfh MI u&wJh y&dowf
awGtaeeJv
Y nf; awmfawmfav;udk auseyf
tm;&MuNy;D igwdv
Yk yk Ef idk o
f m;yJ? urmt
h v,f
rSm igwdkYrsufESmri,fMu&bl;qdkwJh cHpm;
rIawGudkcHpm;Mu&w,fvdkY zwf&ygw,f/
tJ'v
D ckd pH m;Mu&wJh olawG&dS ovdyk J wkw&f UJ
tultnDukd &,lcw
hJ mjzpfwt
hJ wGuf tJ'D
wkwfudkb,fvdkrsm; ta<u;awGjyefqyf
Mu&OD;rvJrodb;l qdNk y;D aemifa&;awG;ylMu
olawGvnf; 'keaYJ ';yg/ qD;*dr;f NyKd iyf u
JG kd tul
tnDrsm;ay;jcif;onf wkwt
f pd;k &twGuf
txl;ta&;ygaom pDrHudef;jzpfonfvdkY
wk w f u aMunmcsuf x k w f w ,f q d k w J h
owif;awGwufvmawmh tm;vHk;pdk;&drf
t wJG ( 1 ) ? t rS wf ( 5 2 )
w e *F a EG ? 2 2 ? 'D Z if b m ? 2 0 1 3
atmifvyk Ef idk v
f v
Ykd m;}} / ]]'Dvykd rJG sK;d udk ygcsD
ygcsufvkyf&atmif rif;tarvifr*Fvm
aqmifr[kwfb;l uG}}qdw
k mrsK;d awGa&;vm
Muygawmhw,f/
'DziG yhf t
JG crf;tem;Bu;D udk jynfyEkid if H
awGu tultnDay;Muw,fqdkayr,fh
jynfytultnDoufoufeJY 'DvdkyGJrsKd;jzpf
rvmygbl;/ tJ't
D crf;tem;Bu;D jzpfvmzdYk
twGuf aeYrtm;? nrem;BuKd ;pm;cJMh u&wJh
olawGxJrSm jrefrmEkdifiHom;awGygw,f
qdw
k mudk em;vnfxm;zdv
Yk o
kd vdk olw&Ykd UJ yg
0ifywfoufru
I ktod
d trSwrf jyKvrYkd &ygbl;/
qD;*drf;&JYaemufuG,fu wm0ef&SdolawG&JY
pDrHcefhcGJrInHUzsif;yHkawG? t&iftmPm&Sif
pepfwkef;utusifUqdk;awGtwdkif;
usifUoHk;aewmawG? qD;*drf;udktaMumif;jyNyD; . . .
]]rjrifz;l rl;jrpfxifaeMuw,f}}? ]]awmf
yGBJ uKd uw
f ahJ umifawG?trSwu
f rkd &Sd Mubl;}}/
]]vkyw
f wfw,faemf? yg;rSmawmh oeyfcg;?
aygifrSmawmh ao;pD;aMumif;qdkwmrsKd;?
aeOD; usefao;w,f? qHk;oGm;wJh tbGm;
ajymwm av;-qefr&Sad pmufpm;Bu;D rsK;d awG}}
qdw
k hJpum;rsK;d awG a&;vm? ajymvmMuawmh
wpfzufuvnf; ]]ol[
Y moltpd;k &b,fu
ydu
k q
f eH v
YJ yk v
f yk f *krpdu
k b
f ;l / zGiyhf t
JG crf;
tem;BuD;t&rf;aumif;w,f}}/ ]]wkwf
tultnDr,l&atmif rif;wku
Yd tjzpf&dS
ud,
k &hf UJ a0zefajymqdrk [
I m wkid ;f jynfcspw
f hJ
pdwef YJ ud,
k Ehf idk if rH mS usi;f ywJh qD;*dr;f yGBJ u;D rSm
jrefrmawGrsufESmri,f&atmif igEkdif
oavmuf 0dkif;BudK;pm;vdkufOD;r,fvdkY
oabmxm;Ny;D pdwaf &mud,
k yf g arsmygBuKd ;
pm;aeMuwJh ud,
k Ehf idk if o
H m;awG&UJ tm;xkwf
rIukd apmfum;ovdjk zpfomG ;&if raumif;yg
bl;/ qD;*drf;yGJBuD;rSm yg0ifywfoufcJhMu
olawGxrJ mS tJ't
D pm;xJu r[kwb
f ;l vdYk
xifygw,f/ ud,
k Ehf idk if u
H kd cspw
f phJ w
d o
f uf
oufeYJ0ifvyk af y;aeMuwJhvli,fawGtrsm;
oG m ;w,f v d k Y
zwf v d k u f & ygw,f /
odyaf tmufwef;uswv
hJ yk &f yfjzpfNy;D bm
&nf&,
G cf suef v
YJ yk af eMuovJvaYkd wmif ar;
Munfh &rvdyk gyJ rsK;d cspf pdw"f mwfqw
kd phJ um;
udk uReaf wmfwYkd aocsmjyefNy;D qef;ppfMunfh
MuzdYk vdt
k yfygw,f/ odyu
f kd tiftm;Bu;D Ny;D
wefz;kd &Sw
d phJ um;vH;k vdq
Yk Ekd idk yf gw,f/ tJ'D
rsK;d csppf w
d af Mumifyh J aoewfawG? tajrmuf
awGeYJwufvmwJht*Fvyd w
f yfawG?*syefwyf
awGudk "m;eJYwufckwfcJhMuwmyg/ 'gayrJh
ud,
k rhf sK;d EG,w
f pfcw
k nf;twGuf pOf;pm;Ny;D
tjcm;aomolawGukdtNy;D tydik zf suo
f rd ;f zd?Yk
tEkid ,
f al csreI ;f ypfzYkdBuKd ;pm; r,fq&kd ifawmh
tJ'g[m tpGef;a&mufrsufuef;rsK;d cspjf zpf
oGm;ygNy/D *vdb
k ,fvu
kd af Z;&Si;f acwfrSm
vlom;rsK;d EG,w
f pfcv
k ;kH udk xde;f odr;f apmifh
a&SmufMu&rSmyg/
qD;*dr;f yGBJ u;D vnf;rNy;D ao;ygbl;/ zGiyhf JG
Ny;D oGm;Nyq
D akd yr,fh ydwyf u
JG seyf gao;w,f/
tm;vH;k pdw0f ifpm;aewJh abmvH;k NyKd iyf u
JG
vnf; qD;rD;zdik ef ,fawG? zdik ef ,fawGrmS ydNk y;D
NydKifqdkifrI jyif;xefvmOD;rSmyg/ tJ'DvdkyJ
tjcm;aom tm;upm;NyKd iyf aJG wG[mvnf;
jyif;jyif;xefxef qufvuf,OS Nf yKd iMf u&OD;
rSmyg/ tjyifrmS usi;f yaewJh qD;*dr;f NyKd iyf JG
Bu;D &JU *,ufawG tGev
f ikd ;f ay:udk b,fvkd
du
k cf wfNy;D bmawGxyftjiif;yGm;MuOD;rvJ/
uReaf wmfua&m bmawGqufawG;rdaervJ
qdw
k mudk aemuftywfrmS qufygOD;r,f/
tawG;tjrif
t wJG ( 1 ) ? t rS wf ( 5 2 )
w e *F a EG ? 2 2 ? 'D Z if b m ? 2 0 1 3
25
Ny;D cJw
h v
hJ ydik ;f tifwmeufpmrsuEf mS awGay:rSm ]]Adv
k cf sKyBf u;D a[mif; OD;cifeG &Yf UJ rdecYf eG ;f }}qdw
k hJ ydpYk w
f pfcyk sUH EScYH yhJ gw,f/ Ny;D cJw
h hJ &ufyikd ;f axmufvrS ;f a&;tBu;D tuJAv
kd cf sKyBf u;D
a[mif; OD;cifeG &Yf UJ tifwmAsL;aygif;csKypf mtkyx
f w
k af 0wJt
h cg tJ'rD ed cYf eG ;f w&m;0ifyEkH ydS af zmfjycJw
h mawGU&ygw,f/ 'Dred cYf eG ;f eJyY wfoufNy;D um,uH&iS Of ;D cifeG u
Yf ]]Ekid if aH wmf
umuG,af &;wuov
kd t
f &m&SBd u;D rsm; rGr;f rHtyk cf sKyrf o
I ifwef;trSwpf Of(3^93) wGif 30-11-1993&ufu a[majymydcYk scsurf sm;udk jyefvnfazmfjyxm;jcif;jzpfygonf/ xdk a[majym
ydcYk scsurf sm;onf xdyw
f ef;vQKUd 0Sujf zifh xde;f odr;f xm;&onfh pm wef;jzpfygonf}}qdNk y;D rSeu
f efaMumif; twnfjyKay;xm;ygw,f/ tJ'D rdecYf eG ;f xJ rSm t"duxm;ajymoGm;wmawGuawmh
tJ't
D csed u
f ppfacgif;aqmifawG&UJ aemiftem*wf&nfreS ;f csuef YJolwyYkd akH zmfr,fhwkid ;f jynf&UJ yHo
k PmefygyJ/ tcktESpf20Mum Ny;D wJt
h cg ppfacgif;aqmifawG[m tJ'&D nfreS ;f csuaf wGtwkid ;f
taumiftxnfazmfco
hJ vm;? wkid ;f jynfaumif;zdYk &nfreS ;f csuaf wGajymif;Nyv
D m;qdw
k m ckwpfywfaqG;aEG;wifjyoGm;yghr,f/
ppfacgif;aqmifawG
1993u &nf&G,fcsufajymif;NyDvm;
pnfoal tmifjrifh
aecJhwmpwJhtcsufawGaMumifhjzpfEkdifyg
w,f/ tJvt
kd ajctaezefw;D ae&if;eJyY J
wkdif;jynftaeeJY tbufbufrSm tBuD;
tus,cf RwNf cKH usomG ;cJ&h ygw,f/
b,fvykd jJ zpfjzpf 2011ckEpS rf mS awmh
e*d&k nfreS ;f csut
f wkid ;f ppfacgif;aqmifawG
[m tajymif;tvJtjynft
h 0vkyEf idk cf yhJ g
Ny/D 1993ckEpS u
f xm;cJw
h &hJ nfreS ;f csu&f m
EIef;jynfheD;yg; atmifjrifw,fvdkYawmif
ajymEkid yf gw,f/ 2008zGUJ pnf;yHu
k kd tajccH
xm;? ppf,el ;D azmif;cRwNf y;D t&yf0wf 0wf
wkdif;jynf[m &mpkESpfwpf0ufausmfavmuf
ppftmPm&SifawGvufatmufa&mufcJh&vdkh
tbufbufuae cRwfNcHKuscJU&w,f/
urmhtv,frSm jrefrmvdkh . . . .
xm;wJh Adv
k cf sKyBf u;D a[mif;OD;ode;f pdeu
f
orwOD;ode;f pdet
f jzpf tpd;k &tzGUJ udak cgif;
aqmifNyD; wm0ef,laeygNyD/ AdkvfcsKyfBuD;
a[mif;ol&OD; a&Tref;vTwaf wmfukdwm0ef,l
aeygNy/D ppfAv
kd af [mif;awGeYJ ppfAv
kd af wG
vTwfawmfxJ trsm;pkae&m,lxm;ygNyD/
'k-orwwpfae&m? ta&;Bu;D 0efBu;D Xme
oH;k ae&m ppfwyfucsKyu
f ikd x
f m;ygNy/D 'Dvkd
tbufbufucsKyfudkifxm;EkdifwJh tajc
taeatmufrSm tusOf;om;awGudkvTwf
ay;wm? EkdifiHa&;vkyfcGifhay;wmawGvkyf
ygw,f/ tJ'aD jz avQmrh aI wGaMumif&h vmwJh
pD;yGm;a&;ydwfqdkYrI kyfodrf;ay;vkdufwJh
atmufrSm aps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;yHkpHoGm;zdkY
jyifqifygw,f/ wkid ;f &if;om;awGeYJ typf
tcwf&yf Oya'abmifxaJ &mufvm atmif
aqG;aEG;yGaJ wG vkyyf gw,f/
26
owif;aqmif;yg;
t wJG ( 1 ) ? t rS wf ( 5 2 )
w e *F a EG ? 2 2 ? 'D Z if b m ? 2 0 1 3
ygw,f/tMurf;zufcH&rIrsm;rSSWawGudk
cGMJ unf&h if trsK;d om;?trsK;d orD;eJY rde;f rvsm
oHk;pm;awGU&NyD; tm;vHk;[m yHkpHrsKd;pHkeJY
tMurf;zufc&H wm awGU&ygw,f/ SW rjzpf
rD jzm;a,mif;odr;f oGi;f cH&rI? SW jzpfNy;D csed rf mS
BuHK&wJhtMurf;zufrIpwJh yHkpHawGawmh
uGjJ ym;ygw,f/
tMurf;zufrt
I rsm;pkrmS SW rsm;tm;
tvdkrwlbJ tMurf;zufr?I aiGray;acsrI?
uGe'f ;kH roH;k jcif;? vlta&twGurf sm;jcif;ESihf
&JraS pmfum;? vdik ;f aMu;awmif;jcif;? tcsed f
ausmv
f eG af exdik jf cif;rsm;udk awGU&ygw,f/
trsK;d om; SW awGt"du BuKH awGU&wmu
awmh uGe'f ;kH udik af qmifwt
hJ wGuf tppfc&H
wJjh yemvdo
Yk &d ygw,f/&efuek rf mS tvkyf
&SmzdkYe,fuae a&muf&SdvmwJh trsKd;orD;
tcsKUd rSma,mifvnfvnfeYvd
J iv
f yk if ef;cGix
f J
a&muf & S d v m&wmawG u rsm;ygw,f /
aemufNy;D awmh rtlrvnfeYJ vdiv
f yk if ef;cGif
xJrmS acgif;yHkjzwfccH &hJ wmawGukvd
d iv
f yk o
f m;
wpfO;D uajymjycJw
h mawGukdMum;cJ&h ygw,f/
]]uRefr&efukefrSm tvkyf&SmzdkYxGuf
vmawmh b,fomG ;vdYk b,fvm&rSe;f vnf;
rodb;l / a,mifvnfvnfjzpfaew,f/ tJ'D
tcsed rf mS vnfvnf0,f0,f vlypJG m;rde;f r
wpfa,mufeaYJ wGUNy;D uRerf udak iGaMu; ruf
vHk;awGay;NyD;awmh tvkyfaumif;&r,f
qdNk y;D aemufxyfuRerf rodwv
hJ w
l pfa,muf
qDac:oGm;w,f/ aemufro
S v
d u
kd &f wm
uRerf wdu
Yk kd a&mif;pm;cJw
h ,fqw
kd mygyJ}} [k
vdiv
f yk if ef;cGio
f Ykd&nf&,
G cf surf &Sb
d J a&muf
&So
d mG ;olwpfO;D uajymygw,f/ qufvuf
if;BuKH awGUcJ&h onfh tjzpftysurf sm;? t
awGUtBuKH rsm;udv
k nf;xyfraH jymjy&m]]uRerf
u tJ'yD pJG m; ta':Bu;D qDrmS &Sad ewke;f olu
{nfo
h nfawGqD ydaYk y;Ny;D cdik ;f cJw
h ,f/ uRerf
vkyftm;twGuf aiGwpfaomif;&wmudk
ig;yHyk NkH y;D wpfyu
kH kd uRerf udak y;w,f/ uRerf
wdu
Yk cEmud,
k v
f nf;&if;&w,f/ aiGaMu;
usawmhvnf; tpGe;f xGuaf vmufy&J w,f/
uRerf wdu
Yk kd rw&m;acgif;yHjk zwfovdk cHpm;
ae&w,f/ uRerf 'DtzGUJ xJukda&mufvmwm
[m acgif;yHkjzwfwJhb0u vGwfajrmuf
atmifvdyYk g}}[kif;uqufvufajymygw,f/
tMurf;zufjcif;qdw
k m vlwpfO;D wpf
a,mufukd emusiaf tmif wkw?f "m;wdjYk zifh
du
k Ef u
S jf cif;jzifh tMurf;zufjcif;[k ac:qdk
Ekdifaomfvnf; vlwpfOD;wpfa,muftm;
pdw"f mwfyikd ;f t& emusiaf tmifajymqdjk cif;
onfvnf; pdwyf ikd ;f qdik &f m tMurf;zufc&H
rIjzpfw,fvYkd AMA rS information coordinator rauoDuajymygw,f/rde;f ruJo
h Ykd0wf
qifxm;aom trsK;d om;rsm;(rde;f rvsmrsm;)
aqG;aEG;&mrSm tcsuf 10 csuu
f kd t"du
aqG;aEG;cJMh uyg w,f/ tJ't
D csuaf wGxrJ mS
wm0ef&o
dS l &JawGu MSM(rde;f rvsm) rsm;udk
awGU&if olc;kd vdx
Yk ifwwfw,f/ wpfcgwav
MSM awGua
kd wGU&if&aJ wGu t0wftpm;
awG cRwcf ikd ;f wmawG? nrd;k csKyv
f Ykdwjcm;wpf
a,mufeYJ twlwjJG yefvm&if zrf;wmawG?
aESmif,
h u
S w
f mawG? rzG,rf &mvkyjf ywmawG
BuKH awGUae&wmawG&w
dS ,fvYkd MSM wpfO;D
u qdyk gw,f/ aemufNy;D awmh &yfuu
G f xJrmS
MSM awGudk cGJjcm;ESdrfhcsqufqHwmawG?
pdwfydkif;qdkif&m nOf;yef;ESdyfpufwmawG?
MSM awGua
kd wGU&if trsK;d om;tcsKUd u 0dik ;f
Ny;D pwm? aemufwmawG &Sw
d ,fvYkdMSMawG
u ajymygw,f/tMurf;zufc&H rI rsm;rSm a&TU
ajymif;oGm;vmolawGvnf; yg0if wmawGU&
yg w,f/ SW eJYMSMawGtwGuf'DZifbm17
&ufrmS yGv
J yk cf ahJ yr,fh Sex Workers uGe&f uf
udk 2007 ckEpS u
f wnf;u zGUJ pnf;xm;jcif;
jzpfNy;D tcktzGUJ 0if 800 cef&Y adS eNyv
D Ykd od&yg
w,f/
AMA tzGUJ [m tm&Sypdzw
d af 'owGi;f
&Sd (Asia Pacific Network of Sex WorkersAPNSW) rsm;uGe&
f uf&UJ jrefrmjynfu,
kd pf m;
vS,ftzGJU0if? urmvHk;qdkif&m (Global
NetworkofSexworkers-NSWP)tzGUJ 0if?a'o
wGi;f eJYurmvH;k qdik &f mSexWorkersNetworks
wdkYcsdwfqufNyD; wef;wltcGifhta&;&&Sd
atmif aqmuf&u
G rf ,fvYkd qdx
k m;ygw,f/
ZG?J cdik cf ikd f
tifwmAsL;
t wJG ( 1 ) ? t rS wf ( 5 2 )
w e *F a EG ? 2 2 ? 'D Z if b m ? 2 0 1 3
27
u ud,
k w
f idk u
f ,
kd u
f svyk af qmifay;oGm;yg
r,f/
ar; - d[
k if*smawGukd 'kuo
nftjzpfvuf
cHay;r,fh wu,fEh idk if aH wGukd ydaYk qmifay;
vku
d rf o
S mvQif vuf&jdS zpfymG ;aewJh bmom
a&;tMurf;zufraI wGu tqH;k owfzt
Ykd ajz
&SmEkid v
f rd rhf ,fqNkd y;D orwOD;ode;f pdet
f yg
t0if Ekid if aH &;orm;trsm;pku oH;k oyfajym
Mum;aeMuygw,f/ 'g[m jiif;ckHaqG;aEG;
yGJvkyfzdkYtwGuf vrf;pwpfcktjzpfvdkYxif
ovm;/ b,fvt
kd ajctaersK;d vJ/ ydaYk qmif
oif h o vm;? ryd k Y a qmif o if h b l ; vm;eJ Y
bmaMumifv
h q
J w
kd myg&Si;f jyay;yg/
ajz - d[
k if*smawG &cdik jf ynfe,frmS rSw
D if;
aexkdifvmwm &mpkESpfrsm;pGmMumygNyD/
'g[m orkid ;f rSww
f rf;t&yg/ jrefrmbk&if
bd;k awmfb&k m;u &ckid jf ynfukd tkycf sKyw
f hJ
tcsed f 1784ckEpS u
f wnf;u rGwpf vifawG
[m&SNd y;D om;yg/
tckq&kd if d[
k if*smawG[m olwYkd
ajruaeESifxkwfcH&vdkY xGufajy;wdrf;
a&Smifae&ygNy/D urmwpf0ef;rSm 'kuo
nf
aygif; 2'or 5oef;[m ysUH ESaYH eMuygw,f/
txl;ojzifh b*Fvm;a'h&Sf? ygupwef?
aqmf't
D ma&As? UAE? xkid ;f eJrY av;&Sm;wdYk
rSmoGm;a&mufcdkvIHaeMuygw,f/ bdk;pOf
abmifqufaevmwJh &ckdifjynfe,fudk
pdwcf svufcsjyefvmEkid zf t
Ykd wGuf vlUtcGihf
ta&;eJY EkdifiHom;qkdif&m jyemawGudk
ajz&Sif;udkifwG,fzdkY vdkygw,f/ 'Djyem
awGukdajz&Si;f udik w
f ,
G zf t
Ykd wGufjrefrmEkid if H
taeeJY jyKjyifajymif;vJrt
I rsm;tjym; xyfrH
vkyfaqmifzdkYvdktyfaeao;w,fqdkwmudk
OIC taeeJY todtrSwjf yKygw,f/ d[
k if*sm
awG[m &ckdifjynftwGuf N*dK[fom;awG
r[kw&f ygbl;/ tpd;k &u IDP 'kuo
nfpcef;
awGukda&muf&adS ewJhd[
k if*smawGukdpm&if;
aumuf,al eMuygw,f/ 'Dpm&if;aumuf
,lru
I kd rMumrDNy;D qH;k atmifvyk Ef idk zf eYkd YJ Ekid f
iHom;jzpfciG &hf o
dS al wGukd todtrSwjf yKay;zdYk
udk jrefrmtpd;k &taeeJY vkyaf qmifay;vdrhf
r,fqw
kd mudk OIC uarQmv
f ifx
h m;ygw,f/
ar; - rGwpf vifqefu
Y siaf &; 'grSr[kwf kd
[if*smqefu
Y siaf &;a[majymrIawGu wkid ;f
&if;om;vlrsK;d pk 135pkukd OD;wnfNy;D ajymwm
awG&ydS gw,f/ 'Dvakd jymqdrk aI wG[m csuu
f s
vufusaxmufjyrIvdkYxifovm;/ jrefrm
EkdifiHtaeeJY dk[if*smvdkrsKd;EG,fpkawGudk
vufczH t
Ykd wGuf Ekid if w
H umtqifrh D Oya'
awGudk b,favmuftwkdif;twmtxd
usio
hf ;kH zdYk vdrk vJ/
ajz - uReaf wmfwYkd jrefrmEkid if v
H mwke;f u
pdeo
f mG ;jrm;
vnf; qefu
Y siq
f EjyrIeYJ &ifqidk cf &hJ yg
ao;w,f/ qEjyolawGudk rGwf
pvifqefYusifa&;vkyf&Sm;wJh
tpGef;a&mufwcsKdUu 0g'jzefY
ajymMum;NyD; vIHUaqmfcJhwmyg/
b,fvdkyJjzpfjzpf 'Dvdkvkyf&yf
awGu tpvmrfbmomudk txif
tjrifvrJG mS ;rIBu;D rm;pGmjzpfapwJt
h jyif
rwlnDwJh,Ofaus;rIudk aMumuf&GHUrkef;
wD;jcif;rsK;d jzpfapygw,f/ 'Dvu
dk pd & yfawGu
yJ wif;rmrIawGujkd zpfapwmyg/ Ny;D cJw
h EhJ pS f
awGuvnf; jrefrmEkid if eH ,ferd w
d t
f wGi;f
'Drdkua&pDazmfaqmifw,fvdkha<u;aMumfxm;wJU jyKjyif
ajymif;vJa&;0g'DorwOD;odef;pdef&JY tkyfcsKyfrIatmufrSm
atmifjrifrItvm;tvmaumif;awG? zGHY NzdK;wdk;wufrIawG?
Nidrf;csrf;pGmtwl,SOfwGJaexkdifEdkifa&;awGudk &ckdifjynfe,frSm
omru jrefrmwpfEkdifiHvHk;rSmazmfaqmifEkdifwmudk
uRefawmfwdkhtaeeJh jrifawGYvdkygw,f/
ar; - d[
k if*smawGeYJ wjcm;vlrsK;d pkawGukd
todtrSwfjyKEkdifzdkYtwGuf 1982ckESpf
Oya'udk jyifqifoifw
h ,fvx
Ykd ifygovm;/
cifAsm; tjrifa&mb,fv&kd ydS govJ/
ajz - acwfrw
D hJ jrefrmEkid if aH wmf&UJ tapm
ydik ;f aeY&ufawGuwnf;u d[
k if*smawG[m
olwb
Ykd mompum;? ,Ofaus;rI? Ekid if o
H m;jzpf
rIawG tjynfht0cHpm;&&SdcJhMuygw,f/ 'D
t&mawGtm;vH;k u wpfpw
kH pfa,muf&UJ jzpf
ovdq
k ;kH jzwfreI YJ cGjJ cm;qufqrH jI yKvyk x
f m;
wJh 1982ckEpS Ef idk if o
H m;Oya'aMumifh tm;
vH;k qH;k I;H cJ&h ygw,f/ cGjJ cm;qufqrH u
I kd OD;
wnfwJh 'DOya'[mqdk&if dk[if*smrGwf
pviftrsm;pkeYJ wkid ;f &if;om;tkypf t
k csKUd udk
Ekid if o
H m;tjzpfuaey,fzsuaf pcJw
h t
hJ wGuf
jyefvnfjyifqifoifhygw,f/ 'DOya'[m
EkdifiHom;jzpfrIudk tqifhoHk;qifhcGJvkdufyg
w,f/ {nfhEkdifiHom;eJYjyKEkdifiHom;awG[m
tvGefao;i,fwJhtaMumif;jycsufav;
wcsKUd eJw
Y ifyJ Ekid if o
H m;jzpfru
I ae vufrjhJ zpf
apEdik yf gw,f/
'DudpeJYywfoufNyD; ukvor*&JU
vlUtcGit
hf a&;qkid &f m taxGaxG nDvmcH
rSmvnf;ajymcJMh uNy;D ygNy/D jrefrm Ekid if t
H aeeJY
Ekid if rH b
hJ 0a&mufaewJh d[
k if*smrGwpf vif
awGudk EkdifiHom;tcGifhta&;wef;wlnDrQ
ay;zdeYk YJ rGwpf vifrsm;tay:tMurf;zufwhJ
vl&rf;um;awGukdxdxad &mufa&mufNzKcd iG ;f zdYk
twGuf ukvor*uawmif;qdck yhJ g w,f/
ar; - OIC taeeJY jrefrmEkid if u
H akd emufq;kH
tBurd v
f mawmh &ckid jf ynfe,frmS &Sw
d hJ vlU
tzGUJ tpnf;ESpzf ufv;kH udktultnDay;r,f
vdaYk jymcJw
h ,faemf/ OIC taeeJY vlom;csi;f
pmemwJt
h axmuftyHah wGtjyif a'owGi;f
Nird ;f csr;f a&;azmfaqmifzt
Ykd wGufb,fvykd pkH H
eJyY g0ifun
l ED idk zf Ykd arQmrf eS ;f xm;ygovJ/
ajz - jrefrmEkid if u
H ae aemufq;kH taeeJYOIC
-jrefrmqufqHa&;udk ,HkMunfcsufeJY a&SU
qufzdkYqHk;jzwfEkdifcJhygw,f/ yl;aygif;vkyf
aqmifrrI mS yg0ifwt
hJ csuaf wGuawmh yl;
aygif;aqmif&u
G rf aI wGukd OIC &JU tmqD,H
tzGUJ 0ifEidk if aH wGjzpfwhJ rav;&Sm;? tif'ekd ;D
&Sm;eJY blEkdif;uwpfqifh vkyfaqmifoGm;
r,f q d k w myg0if y gw,f / txl ; ojzif h
vlom;csif;pmemwJh taxmuftyHhypnf;
awGay;zdaYk ygh/ xyfrjH znfph u
G af jym&r,fqkd
&if ,HMk unfcsurf wlnw
D hJ bmom0ifawG
tMum; aqG;aEG;a&;? &ifMum;apha&;eJY tjyef
tvSe,
f MkH unfr&I &Sad &; ? Nird ;f csr;f a&;azmf
aqmifwyhJ d*k &rfrsm;ay:xGuv
f ma&;? e,f
ajrNird o
f ufa&;eJY pD;yGm;a&;tajcckid rf ma&;
wdkYudk vkyfaqmifay;zdkY &ckdifjynfe,frSm
t&rf ; vd k t yf a eygw,f / 'D v d k r sKd ; vk y f
aqmifEkdifrSomvQif &ckdifjynfe,frSm&SdwJh
vlom;tm;vHk;twGuf tusKd;udkjzpfxGef;
aprSmyg/
Ref:DVB
28
usef;rma&;
t wJG ( 1 ) ? t rS wf ( 5 2 )
w e *F a EG ? 2 2 ? 'D Z if b m ? 2 0 1 3
acsmif;qdk;jcif;ESifh vnfyif;emjcif;twGuf
taumif;qHk;aq;rsm;udk odyHynm&Sifrsm;ajymMum;
xyfrjH yKvyk cf o
hJ nfhokawoet& acsmif;qd;k jcif;ESihfvnfyif;
emjcif;twGuf AspirinomvQif taumif;qH;k jzpfaMumif; odyyH nm
&Sirf sm;u xkwaf zmfajymMum;vku
d o
f nf/ tqkyd g okawoeudkNAw
d ed f
Ekid if H um'pfNrKd U&Sd Common Cold Centre wGijf yKvyk cf MhJ uNy;D Aspirin
aq;vH;k rsm;udka&wGiaf zsmu
f m yvkwu
f si;f ay;ygu vnfyif;emjcif;
\a0'emudk ESpef m&DtwGi;f oufomapEkid af Mumif;udk awGU&Scd MhJ u
onf/ xdo
k ufomrIrmS ajcmufem&DcefY cHonf[q
k o
kd nf/ xdt
Yk jyif
ykwyf gaom SLaq;rsm; SLay;jcif;onfvnf; tvGet
f oH;k 0ifonf
[k od&onf/
]]&moDOwkat;csr;f jcif; aMumifh ESmacgif;ydwjf cif;udo
k ufom
apwJt
h jyif vnfyif;emjcif;eJaY csmif;qd;k jcif;aMumifh emusijf cif;udk
vnf; oufomapygw,f}}[k okawoe udOk ;D aqmifco
hJ l ygarmu
Ron Eccles u ajymonf/ tcsKUd aom ysm;&nftrsK;d tpm;rsm;onf
vnf; [dkuf'dk*sifygatmufqkduf"mwfaygif;yg0ifaomaMumifh
vnfacsmif;twGi;f a&m*gyd;k 0ifru
I kd qefu
Y siw
f u
dk cf u
kd Ef idk af Mumif;?
[ku
d 'f d*k siyf gatmufqu
dk o
f nf bufw;D &D;,m;qefu
Y sio
f nfh *kPf
ow&d adS Mumif;udk e,l;ZDvefEidk if H Waikato wuov
kd rf S uRr;f usio
f l
rsm;uajymMum;cJo
h nf/
ausmo
f &l ? Ref:DM
pmrludp
qufoG,fvdkvQif
&,farmjcif;onf usef;rm
a&;twGuf taumif;qHk;aq;0g;
wpfvufjzpfonfqo
kd nfh tqdjk yK
csurf mS rSm;,Gi;f aecJah Mumif;od&Ny;D
twufa&m*g? ESv;kH uGjJ cif;? tpma&
>yefujJG cif;rsm;jzpfymG ;apEkid af Mumif;
okawoDrsm;u&SmazGawGU&SdcJhMu
onf/ &,farmjcif;onf aumif;usK;d
rsm;&Sad Mumif;od&NdS y;D jzpfaomfvnf;
tcsKd Uaomvlrsm;twGurf l aoap
Ekid af vmufonfh tE&m,fwpfcjk zpf
aMumif;od&onf/
&ifwek jf refonfh ESv;kH a&m*g
cHpm;ae&onfhtrsKd;orD;wpfOD;
onf &,farmcJjh cif;aMumifh tlwuf
oGm;um ESv;kH &yfaoqH;k cJ&h onf[k
okawoDrsm;uqdo
k nf/ [uf[uf
yufyuf&,farmjcif;onf ydrk t
kd E
&m,frsm;aMumif;vnf;od&onf/
&,farmaeonfhtcsdef cyf
jrefjrefavSLoGi;f vku
d yf gu yef;em
&ifusyjf zpfymG ;apwwfNy;D tcsKUd vl
rsm;wGif qD;rxde;f Ekid jf cif;ESit
hf u
l s
jcif;? tluRjH cif;rsm;jzpfymG ;apwwf
onf/ Birmingham ESihfOxford wu
odv
k rf S okawoDrsm;u&,farmjcif;
\cEmud,
k t
f ay:oufa&mufonfh
aumif;usK;d rsm;udk1946ckEpS rf pS wif
,cktcsed x
f d rSww
f rf;rSw&f mrsm;
udk avhvm&mrSwpfqifh &SmazGawGU
&SdcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ prf;oyfrIwpfck
twif;zspfnpf&,farmjcif;
onf qD;csKdvlemrsm;wGif oMum;
"mwfusqif;apNy;D aoG;vTwaf Mum
rsm;\wif;rmrIukdajyavsmah paom
aMumifh pdwfzdpD;rIESifhaoG;wdk;rIudk
avQmch say;Ekid af o;aMumif;udv
k nf;
avh vmawGU&Scd MhJ uonf/
,cifu owfrw
S x
f m;onfh
twkid ;f &,farmjcif;onf aumif;
usK;d om&So
d nfr[kwb
f J qD;rxde;f
Ekid jf cif;? twufa&m*gcHpm;&jcif;?
tlusjcif;? ESv;kH &yfjcif;? tpm>yefuJG
jcif;rsm;vnf;&SdaMumif;od&onf/
]]&,farmjcif;u oufa&mufrI
trsm;tjym;&Syd gw,f/ Oyrmajym&
aqmif;yg;
t wJG ( 1 ) ? t rS wf ( 5 2 )
w e *F a EG ? 2 2 ? 'D Z if b m ? 2 0 1 3
jrefrmEdik if aH &; ESpf 50 ausmMf um uHMurmqd;k arG Zmwferd chf cH NhJ y;D umrS urmw
h ef;0if
'Dru
kd a&pDEikd if w
H pfct
k oGiaf jymif;vJ&ef usm;ukwu
f sm;cJ BuKd ;yrf;aeMu&m Edik if aH wmfwnf
aqmufa&;wGifvlrt
I zGUJ tpnf;rsK;d pHkutESpEf pS t
f vvrdrw
d aYkd ysm[
h mvpfvyfnzhH si;f rIrsm;udk
taumif;qH;k enf;vrf;rsm;ESihf tcsed w
f t
kd wGi;f jyifqifajymif;vJEikd &f ef wpfwyfwpftm;
ndE idI ;f vkyaf qmifaeMuonf/ Edik if w
H umu Iaxmifph rkH S avhvmapmifMh unfah y;um vdt
k yf
ovkd tultnDay; 'Dru
kd a&pDrw
S w
f ikd x
f El ikd af &; tm;ay;tm;ajrm ufjyK usm;uefay;
Muonf/
tajctae tcsed t
f cgt& r*Fvmtcsed f usa&muf&rnfh euwrf sKd ;jzpfaomfvnf;
rdrw
d t
Ykd mPmcsKyu
f ikd af &;? Edik if aH &; N*Kd [q
f ;kd arT uHq;kd cJ&h avNy/D [oFmud;k aomif;yHjk yifyrm
jynfwiG ;f tdrMf uufcsi;f cGy,
f OS Nf yKd ipf ;D xd;k aoG;acsmif;pD;avNy/D
2012 &cdik af 'owpfavQmufavmif
uRrf;cJhaom bmoma&;,HkMunfrIuGJjym;
jcif;tay:tajccHonfha'owGi;f aetcsi;f
csi;f tnmwmuif;rJh vlpw
d u
f if;pGm owf
jzwftMurf;zufrIrsm;onf jrefrmEdkifiH
tv,fyikd ;f a'oodYk wpf[ek x
f ;kd ul;pufjyefY
yGm;um &uf&ufpufpufvlowfuGif;rSm
toufZ0D ed rf sm;pGm kyyf suq
f if;ysuq
f ;kH I;H cJh
&avNy/D 'Dru
kd a&pDu;l ajymif;p jrefrmEdik if H
a&; okyfoPmefrSm csD;rGrf;cH&rnfhqJqJ
a,mif;rjrif;pD;xGufjyvdkufouJhodkYyif/
EdkifiHwumu ][if} ceJ ][m}ceJ Mocs
avmufatmif rsuu
f vl;qefysm ESmacgif;
IUH MuNy;D bke;f Bu;D trI&mG ywfumt&yfuyl gvl
0kid ;f ygESihf Edik if w
H umacgif;aqmifrsm; wpf
a,mufNyD;wpfa,muf vmvmw&m;jy?
wpfzGJUNyD; wpfzGJUndEIdif;eJY tdrfwGif;a&;t
xkwaf jycJ&h avNy/D
tar&dueforwa[mif; bDvfu
vifwefu jrefrmhEdkifiHa&;vufwavm
ajymif;vJaerIrsm;udk wpfurmvH;k u Mobm
ay;aeMuNy;D bmoma&;tMurf;zufrrI sm;
zwf&wJt
h cg pdwyf suaf eMuygw,f[kynm
om;ygyg qH;k rMo0g'a>ccJ&h onf/
tMurf;zufcH&aom dk[if*smESifh
tjcm;vlrsdK;pk tpvmrfbmom0ifrsm;\
tajctaeudk avhvmMunfh &I ef w&m;0if
a&mufvmcJah om OIC tzGUJ ? EU rS uufo
&if;tuf&w
fS ef? NAw
d ed 0f efBu;D csKyw
f ekd b
D vJ
wdEYk iS hf wdu
k q
f idk pf mG jrefrmjynfoYkd vma&muf
cJah om bDvu
f vifwefonf orw&mxl;
wm0efxrf;aqmifpOfu jrefrmEdik if pH pftyk f
csKyaf &; vlt
Y cGit
hf a&;csKd ;azmufrrI sm; t
ay:wefjyef tuJcwfyw
d q
f rYkd rI smjzifph ;D yGm;
a&;ydwq
f cYkd o
hJ nf/
rpwmuvifwefEiS hf wdek b
D vJwu
Ykd
rwlnw
D b
hJ momawGxu
J wefz;kd &Srd ?I aygif;
ul;ay;rI? t,ltqawGukd aocsmuGjJ ym;em;
vnfoabmaygufvmEdik af tmif rGwpf vif
rsm;ESi&hf ckid af wGMum;cGjJ cm;rxm;&ef? tpGe;f
a&mufqefwhJtMurf;zufraI wGxyfrjzpf&ef?
bmomaygif;pHkcspfMunfa&;pum;0dkif;rsm;
zefw;D &ef? 21 &mpk&UJ tBu;D rm;qH;k pdeaf c:rI
jzpfwhJrwlnw
D b
hJ mom0ifrsm;Mum; Nird ;f csr;f
pGm aexdik zf t
Ykd ajz&Sm&mrSm yl;aygif;yg0if&ef?
,Ofaus;em;vnfvmatmif pnf;Hk;ajym
Mum;cJah omfvnf; OIC tzGUJ udk bmoma&;
apmfum;rIrsm;ygaom tajymtqdkta&;
tom;rsm;ESihfqefYusifqEjycJhum ighavS
igxd;k yJc;l a&mufa&muf? uRyJ g;apmif;wD;jyKrl
cJhMujyefonf/ trsm;jynfolu rvdkvm;
29
rnfodkYtajz&Smoifhoenf;
aeokw
'kuonfpcef;rsm;
ydwfavSmif>ywfodyf
aexdkif&NyD;
i&Jpcef;ozG,f
csKyfjc,fcHae&onf/
vlom;csif;qdkif&m
tul tnDay;rIrsm;
vufcHr&&SdEdkifatmif
enf;rsdK;pHkjzifU
zuftpGe;f a&mufrt
I m; vH;k 0onf;cHay;jcif;
r&Sd bJ wkjYH yefay;Mu&ef wdu
k w
f eG ;f xm;onf/
tmPm&Sif ppftpd;k &vufxufutwdik ;f
bmomjcm;rsm;tay: vlYtcGifhta&;csKd;
azmuf&ufpufrrI sm;&Sad ejcif;aMumifh tar
&duefvw
T af wmfu ppfa&;yl;wGt
J ultnD
ay;a&;udyk ,fcsco
hJ nf/ HRW ESihf UN wdu
Yk
tpD&ifcv
H mT wifoiG ;f jcif; Resolution report
xkwjf yefjcif;jzifh zdtm;ay;Muonf/ 2011
ckEpS u
f pwifcahJ om rGwpf vifqefu
Y siaf &;
tMurf;zufvyk af qmifrrI sm;onf ppftpd;k &
wpfpcef;&yf 'Dru
kd a&pDyakH qmif vuf&t
dS pd;k
& vufxufwiG f urmod bmoma&;? vlrsKd ;
a&; tcGit
hf a&;csKd ;azmufaerIBu;D jzpf&um
Edik if aH &;tajymif;tvJtay:rsm;pGmtusK;d
oufa&mufco
hJ nf/ ode;f ESichf sD td;k tdrpf eG cYf mG
xGuaf jy;&onftxd &ufpuf,w
k rf mvGe;f
vSonf/ usuo
f a&rJjh y,k*t
f jzpf ordik ;f
wGifum bmoma&;,HkMunfrIuGJjym;jcif;
aMumifh touf 94 ESpt
f &G,t
f bGm;tdyk g
xm;jcif;wdo
Yk nf tajccHvUl tcGit
hf a&;rsm;
udk csKd ;azmufaejcif;\ oufaorsm;jzpfay
onf/ orwOD;odef;pdeftpdk;&taejzifh
vlYtcGifhta&; csdK;azmufaerIrsm;udk
vufa&SmifraebJ taES;ESit
hf jref &SmazG
azmfxw
k t
f a&;,lvyk af qmifoifo
h nf/
a'owGi;f zGUH NzKd ;wd;k wufrI edru
hf sae
aom &cdik jf ynfe,f&dS vlUtzGUJ tpnf;acgif;
aqmifawGMum; twljyefvnf,OS w
f aJG exdik f
&ef qE&&S&d efta&;Bu;D aMumif;? vGwv
f yf
pGm oGm;vmcGi?hf toufarG;0rf;ausmif;jyKciG hf
&&Sd&ef ESpfzuftodkif;t0dkif;u yl;aygif;
aqmif&u
G &f efvt
kd yfaMumif;? ESpzf ufMum;
aumvm[vrsm;&Sad ejcif;aMumifh qufqH
a&; at;pufaeaMumif;? &ckid jf ynfe,ftm;
oGm;a&mufcJhaom NAdwdefESifh uae'goH
trwfrsm;u axmufjycJo
h nf/ ukvor*?
tD;,l? OIC tzGJUtpnf;BuD;rsm;ESifh EdkifiH
wumacgif;aqmifrsm;u ESpzf ufvt
Yl odik ;f
t0dkif;Mum; vlrsKd;pGJ? bmompGJrxm;bJ
omwlnrD Q qufqaH y;&ef ud,
k w
f ikd v
f uf
awGUvkyaf qmifjyovdkjrefrmtpd;k &udv
k nf;
zd t m;ay;wk d u f w G e f ; vsuf & S d o nf / Ak '
bmomESifhtpvmrfbmom 0ifwdkYMum;
tjyeftvSefem;vnf ,HkMunfrI&Sd&efvkyf
aqmifjcif;onf Edik if t
hH em*wf c&D;twGuf
t"duta&;ygaomtaMumif;&if; wpf
&yfjzpfNyD; 'Drdkua&pDyDjyifvmatmifazmf
aqmif&mwGiftpd;k &twGuw
f pfwyfwpftm;
jzpfaprnfh r[mtiftm;pkjzpfayonf/
Edik if w
H umtodik ;f t0dik ;f ?'Dru
kd a&pDtiftm;
pkrsm;ESihfrwlujJG ym;jcm;em;aom bmoma&;
tiftm;pkrsm;u pkaygif;yg0ifvufwv
JG yk f
aqmifjcif;jzifhHateSpeechrsm;udktqH;k owf
ed*;kH csKyu
f m bmoma&;? vlrsK;d a&;tMurf;
zufrrI sm;ESihf Edik if aH &;jyemrsm;udk tajz
&SmNy;D wnfNird jf ynf0h aom 'Dru
kd a&pDEikd if H
awmfopfqo
D Ykd wGe;f ydaYk y;&rnfom/
30
EkdifiHwum
t wJG ( 1 ) ? t rS wf ( 5 2 )
w e *F a EG ? 2 2 ? 'D Z if b m ? 2 0 1 3
ig;vufrt&Snf&Sd 0g;ql;
rsufESmwGif xdk;pdkufaeaomfvnf;
&SpfvMumaeEkdifol
wkwfEdkifiH&Sd touf 61 t&G,ftbGm;tdk zlusifzef;\
OD;acgif;ESirhf suEf mS wGif 0g; ig;vufrt&Snf 0g;ql;wpfacsmif; pdu
k f
0ifaeaomfvnf; &Spv
f vH;k vH;k Ekw,
f jl cif;? cGpJ w
d jf cif;rjyKvyk b
f J
aeEkid cf o
hJ nf/ &Spv
f MumNy;D aemuf tbGm;td\
k rdom;pk0ifrsm;u
tbGm;tdt
k m; cse;f &Smjynfe,f&dS use&f aq;Ho
k Ykd oGm;a&mufjyo
cJo
h nf/taMumif;rSm 'DZifbmv tapmydik ;f wGiftbGm;tdu
k olr\
yg;pyfudk tpmpm;&ef tjynfht0zGifh[Ekdifjcif; r&SdaomaMumifh
aq;Ho
k Ykd oGm;a&mufjyojcif;jzpfonf/ touf 61 ESpt
f &G,&f dS
tbGm;tdzk u
l sizf ef;tm; q&m0ef u Munfh pI rf;oyfMunf&h m t&Snf
ig;vufr&Sad om 0g;ql;onf olr\yg;jyifrS 0ifa&mufNy;D tay:
ar;d;k txdyif pl;0ifaeonfukd awGU&Scd &hJ aomfvnf; &Spv
f vH;k vH;k
rnfoYkd rQ ukorIrjyKvyk af omaMumifh rsm;pGmtHMh ocJ&h onf/
tbGm;td\
k rsuEf mS odYk 0g;ql; pwifp;l onft
h csed o
f nf 2013
ckEpS f {Nyv
D tapmydik ;f ujzpfNy;D ,ck'ZD ifbmvtxd rnforYkd Q rjyK
vkyb
f J &Spv
f Mumatmif aexdik cf ahJ omaMumifh q&m0efrsm;onf
r,HMk unfEikd af om tawGUtBuKH topfukd&SmazGawGU&Sjd cif;jzpf onf/
wkwEf idk if \
H tdrw
f ikd ;f vdv
k w
kd iG f 0g;jzifjh yKvyk af om tdro
f ;kH ypn;f
rsm;jzpfonfh tdrt
f oH;k taqmifypn;f rsm;? xrif; cl;cyf&mwGif
toH;k jyKaom ZGe;f uJo
h Ykdwl? xdik cf EkH iS hf carmufponfh toH;k taqmif
rsm;&Sad yonf/
xd0k g;ql;aMumifh 0g;yif\ tyif&nfrsm;onf tom;xJoYkd
wjznf;jznf;pdr0hf ifum xd;k oGi;f 'Pf&mESiahf ygif;Ny;D zsm;emjcif;?
udu
k cf jJ cif;ESihf rl;a0ysKUd tefaprnfjzpfonf/ ,if;ql;udk z,f&mS ;Ny;D
aomfvnf; a0'emoufomap&ef taumif;qH;k aom aq;enf;udk
toH;k jyK&OD;rnfjzpfonf/
eD? Ref:Daily mail.
*smreD\yxrqHk;trsKd;orD;umuG,fa&;0efBuD; cefYtyf
*smreD0efBuD;csKyf tef*svm
rmu,f \ 0ef B uD ; tzG J U topf
twGi;f Ekid if \
H yxrqH;k aom trsK;d
orD;umuG,af &;0efBu;D csKyf topf
wpfOD;tm; cefYtyfcJhonfhtjyif
twku
d t
f cHtwGi;f av;ESpw
f musif
vnfcJholwpfOD;udkvnf; EkdifiHjcm;
a&;0efBu;D tjzpfceft
Y yfEidk cf ahJ Mumif;
od&onf/
0efBu;D csKyt
f ajymif;tvJrsm;
jyKvk y f p Of Christian Democrat
(CDU)ygwDrS,ciftvkyo
f rm;a&;
&m0efBu;D Ursula vonder Leyen u
wpfygwDxJrS vkyfazmfudkifzuf
Thomas de Maiziere \ umuG,f
a&;0efBu;D csKyw
f m0efukdvJaT jymif;,l
Ekid cf o
hJ nft
h wGuf taumif;rGeq
f ;kH
0efBu;D ceft
Y yfrw
I pfct
k jzpf owif;
rD',
D mrsm;u a0a0qmqmazmfjycJh
Muonf/
2017wGif 0efBu;D csKyf &mxl;
tm; qufvuf,OS Nf yKd ijf cif;rjyK
vkyfawmhrnfh rmu,f\ae&mudk
qufc&H ef olronf tvm;tvm
taumif ; qH k ; yk * d K vf w pf O D ; jzpf
aMumif; uRr;f usio
f rl sm;uvnf;
oHk;oyfcJhMuonf/ armif;olrJhav
,mOfya&m*suw
f pfct
k wGi;f tajc
cHud&d,m Prototype wpfckwDxGif
&ef ,lakd iGoef; 650toH;k jyKchJ
aomfvnf; ratmifjrifcJh&jcif;t
wGufa0zefwu
dk cf u
dk jf cif;cHae&onfh
umuG,af &;0efBu;D csKyaf [mif; De
Maiziere rSmrl 2009ckEp
S rf S 2011
ckEpS t
f wGi;f olwm0efxrf;aqmif
cJzh ;l onfh jynfxaJ &;0efBu;D wm0ef
udkjyefvnfxrf;aqmifawmhrnf
jzpfonf/
*smreD\ topfxyfrzH UJG pnf;
vku
d o
f nfh 0efBu;D csKyt
f zGUJ twGi;f
CDU ESihf SPD ygwDwr
Ykd S toD;oD;
yg0ifonfh 0efBuD;ajcmufOD;yg0if
aMumif;od&onf/ 0efBu;D csKy&f mxl;
rsm;ajymif;vJzUJG pnf;cJo
h nfh ,ck
tpDtpOftwGi;f umuG,af &;0ef
Bu;D ? jynfxaJ &;0efBu;D ? b@ma&;
0efBu;D ? obm0ywf0ef;usiq
f idk &f m
0efBu;D ? Ekid if jH cm;a&;0efBu;D ? pD;yGm;
a&;ESifhpGrf;tif0efBuD;wdkY yg0if
ajymif;vJcMhJ uaMumif;od&onf/
Ref:PTI
CS
tm;upm;
t wJG ( 1 ) ? t rS wf ( 5 2 )
w e *F a EG ? 2 2 ? 'D Z if b m ? 2 0 1 3
ajymif;vJrIvkyf&efvdktyf[k armf&if[dkajymMum;
csJvfqD;enf;jy armf&if[dku
vd*fzvm;NydKifyGJwGif qef;'g;vef;
toif;tm;I;H edru
hf m NyKd iyf rJG x
S u
G cf &hJ
Ny;D aemufwiG f toif;udjk yKjyifajymif;
vJrrI sm;jyKvyk &f ef rsm;pGmvdt
k yfvmNyD
jzpfaMumif; xkwaf zmfajymMum;vku
d f
onf/ csJvfqD;toif;onf y&D;rD;
,m;vd*Ef iS hfcseyf ,
D v
H *d w
f w
Ydk iG f &v'f
ydik ;f aumif;rGejf cif;&Sad omfvnf; vd*f
zvm;NyKd iyf w
JG iG f y&D;rD;,m;vd*af tmufq;kH toif;jzpfonfh qef;'g;vef;
udk I;H edrchf &hJ enf;jyarmf&if[akd 'goxGucf &hJ jcif;jzpfonf/ csv
J q
f ;D
toif;onf ,if;NyKd iyf w
JG iG f yxrydik ;f qef;'g;vef;uGi;f v,fupm;
orm;uufwmrd;k \ ud,
k *hf ;kd ud,
k o
f iG ;f rIaMumifh wpf*;kd &cJah omfvnf;
yGNJ y;D cgeD;wGif bd&k eD \
D acsy*d;k ESihf tcsed yf kd 118rdepfwiG af y;vku
d &f onfh
*dk;rsm;aMumifh vd*fNydKifyGJrSxGufcJh&jcif;jzpfonf/ csJvfqD;toif;wGif
vrf;ywf? rDac;vf? tDw;l ESihf &Sm&,fvw
f yYkd g0ifcahJ omfvnf; &v'fyikd ;f
qd;k &Gm;cJ
h Zefe0g&Dtajymif;ta&TUumvwGif toif;udak jymif;vJrrI sm;
jyKvyk af wmhrnf[k armf&if[u
kd ajymMum;cJjh cif;jzpfonf/
refpD;wD;wkdufppfrSL;t*ldkonf 'Pf&m
jyemaMumifh ESpv
f ceft
Y em;,l&rnfjzpf
bmpDvekd mESiu
hf pm;&rnfh cseyf ,
D v
H *d f
16oif;tqifh ;HI xGuyf pJG Ofukd vGaJ csm&f
awmhrnfjzpfonf/
t*lo
kd nf tmqife,ftoif;
tm; 6-3*d;k jzifh tEkid &f &Scd o
hJ nfyh w
JG iG f yGJ
csed f rdepf 50 'Pf&m&cJ
h vlpm;vJrI
jyKvyk cf &hJ jcif;jzpfonf/ enf;jyy,fv*D &DeD
u t*l'kd Pf&m&aecsed w
f iG f 'DZu
D rkd mS wku
d pf pfukd
t"duOD;aqmifvmrnfo
h jl zpfNy;D t*lykd g0ifEidk jf cif;r&Sad omfvnf; toif;
\&v'fyikd ;f udk xdcu
dk Ef idk rf nfr[kwaf Mumif;ajymqdck o
hJ nf/ refp;D wD;toif;
onf vufpwmESiu
hf pm;cJo
h nfhvd*zf vm;NyKd iyf w
JG iG f t"duwku
d pf pfrLS ;t*lkd
yg0ifEidk jf cif;r&Sad omfvnf; 'DZu
D ?kd udv
k ma&mhAw
f \
Ykd oGi;f *d;k rsm;jzifh tEkid &f &Sd
Ny;D aemufwpfqifw
h ufEidk cf o
hJ nf/ xdaYk Mumifh y,fv*D &Deu
D refp;D wD;toif;
wGif uGi;f v,fyikd ;f awmifw
h if;rIrsm;&Sad eovdk wku
d pf pfyikd ;f tm;enf;vmrnf
udv
k nf; vH;k 0pd;k &drrf rI &Sad Mumif; qdck jhJ cif;jzpfonf/ t*lo
kd nf bmpDvekd mESihf
upm;&rnfh ESpaf usmph vH;k tm; vGaJ csm&f rnfjzpfonf/
SHORT NEWS
pyg;toif;onf tdru
f iG ;f
vDAmyl;toif;tm; 5-0*d;k jzifh I;H edrhf
cJNh y;D aemufwiG f enf;jybdt
k ufpt
f m;
xkwyf ,fvu
kd Nf y;D toif;\upm;
orm;a[mif;wpfO;D jzpfol&Sm;0k'u
f kd
,m,Denf;jytjzpf cefYtyfvkduf
onf/
pyg;toif;udk enf;jytjzpf
wm0ef , l v k d u f o nf h &S m ;0k ' f r S m
touf 44ESpo
f m&Sad o;Ny;D t*Fvef
vufa&G;pifupm;orm;a[mif;
wpfOD;vnf;jzpfonf/ if;onf
0ufz'Ykd ?f aemf0pfcs?f bvufbef;?
pyg;? ydpYk af rmufEiS hfudAk ifx&Dtoif;
wdw
Yk iG u
f pm;cJzh ;l oljzpfonf/
pyg;toif;Ou| vDAGdKif;
vufxufwGif toif;rSmenf;jy
tajymif;tvJrsm;cJNh y;D vuf&t
dS csed f
n 7;15em&D
n 9;30em&D
n 9;30em&D
n 9;30em&D
n 9;30em&D
n 9;30em&D
n 9;30em&D
22-12-2013(we*FaEGaeY)
n 08;00em&D
n 10;30em&D
aqmuforfwef - pyg;
qGrq
f ;D - tJAmwef
24-12-2013(t*FgaeY)
eHeuf 02;30em&D
tmqife,f - csv
J q
f ;D
pydev
f mvD*gyGpJ Of(17)
21-12-2013(paeaeY)
eHeuf 02;00em&D
tJvcf s D - rmvm*g
n 9;30em&D
ADvm&D;&Jv f - qDAv
D m
n 11;30em&D
bufwpf - tJvrf m&D;,m;
22-12-2013(we*FaEGaeY)
eHeuf 01;30em&D tufovufwu
D kd -
eHeuf 03;30em&D
*&efem'g -
nae 05;30em&D tufpyf efnKd -
n 10;30 em&D
*Dwmaz; -
vDAefaw;
qkpd 'D uf
A,fvm'dv
k pf
bmpDvekd m
23-12-2013(wevFmaeY)
eHeuf 00;30em&D
eHeuf 02;30em&D
eHeuf 02;30em&D
bDvb
f mtd k - A,fvufumEdk
qJvw
f mAD* kd - tkq
d mqlem
Avifp,
D m - &D;&Jvrf uf'&pf
n 11;30em&D
wGifvnf; &Sm;0k'fudk,m,Denf;jy
tjzpfceft
Y yfum tjrefq;kH toif;
\&v'fydkif;udkjrihfwifay;Ekdifrnfh
enf;jywpfOD;udk&SmazGoGm;rnf[k
qdo
k nf/&Sm;0k'o
f nfMum;umvwGif
pyg;toif;udkenf;jycsKyt
f jzpf udik f
wG,o
f mG ;rnfjzpfonf/ pyg;toif;
onf NyD ; cJ h o nf h & moD u *g&wf
ab;vf\ ajcpGr;f jyrIEiS t
hf wl &v'f
ydik ;f aumif;rGecf u
hJ m y&D;rD;,m;vd*f
bkid ,
f efjrL;epftoif;rS *smreDuiG ;f v,fupm;orm; &S0ed ;f pwkid f
*gu vmrnfh 2014urmzh vm;NyKd iyf w
JG iG f rdr\
d taumif;qH;k
ajcpGr;f rsm;udk jyefvnfjrifawGU&rnf[k ajymMum;vku
d o
f nf/
*smreD*E0ifupm;orm; bufuifabmif0gu bkid ,
f efjrL;epf
toif;rSm urmhtaumif;qHk;toif;wpfoif;jzpfaMumif;?
2013ESihf2014wdw
Yk iG fbkid ,
f efjrL;epfukd,SONf yKd iEf idk rf nft
h oif;rSm
&Sm;yg;aeOD;rnfjzpfaMumif;ajymMum;vku
d o
f nf/
*sLAifwyfwu
dk pf pfrLS ;yD&ufZu
f 2014urmzh vm;NyKd iyf u
JG kd tm
*siw
f ;D em;toif;ESit
hf wl yg0ifciG &hf &S&d ef arQmv
f ifx
h m;aMumif;
qdck o
hJ nf/
vDAmyl;toif;onf wku
d pf pfrLS ;qGm&ufZu
f kdtoif;ESio
hf ufwrf;
wd;k pmcsKyw
f pf&yfcsKyq
f &kd ef urf;vSr;f rIrsm;jyKvyk o
f mG ;&ef pDpOf
vsu&f adS eonf/
bkid ,
f efjrL;epftoif;onf uvyfurmzh vm;NyKd iyf JGtBuKd Av
kd v
f k
yGw
J iG f *GrZf ;l toif;udk 3-0*d;k jzifh tEkid &f &Scd NhJ y;D bkid ,
f efjrL;epf
twGuf*dk;rsm;udk yGJcsdef rdepf 40wGif &pfbm&D? 44rdepfwGif
refZu
l pfEiS hf 47rdepfwiG f a*ghwZf w
D u
Ykd oGi;f ,lcjhJ cif;jzpfonf/
wGif toif;BuD;pm&if;0ifcJhaomf
vnf; ,ckEpS &f moDwiG f &v'fyikd ;f
qd;k &Gm;rIrsm;qufwu
dk Bf uKH awGUae&
um Oa&myNydKifyGJ0ifcGifhwpfae&m
&&Sad &;yifcufcrJ rI sm;&Sad eonf/
e,l;umq,ftoif;onfref,t
l oif;wGifae&mr&jzpfaeonfh
awmifyu
H pm;orm;Zm[mudk vmrnfZh efe0g&D tajymif;ta&TU
umvtiSm;pmcsKyfjzifh ac:,loGm;&ef pDpOfvsuf&SdaMumif;
od&onf/
vDAmyl;toif;onf vmrnfZh efe0g&Dtajymif;ta&TU umvwGif
bmpDvekd mtoif;rS pyde,
f -l 21 nmaemufcu
H pm;orm; rGew
f kd
,mudak c:,lomG ;rnfjzpfonf/
zlv[
f rftoif;onf vmrnfZh efe0g&Dtajymif;ta&TU umvwGif
rdek mudt
k oif;rS jyifopfvil ,fupm;orm; eDuv
kd ufprf &D ifukd
aygif 3'or 5oef;jzifhac:,lomG ;&ef urf;vSr;f rIrsm;jyKvyk x
f m;
aMumif;od&onf/
pyg;wku
d pf pfrLS ;t'Dbma,mu enf;jyopfvufxufwiG f yHrk eS f
yGx
J u
G cf iG &hf &S&d ef ,HMk unfr&I adS Mumif;ajymMum;vku
d o
f nf/
tmqife,fuiG ;f v,fupm;orm; 0D&&DS o
D nf refp;D wD;toif;
tm; 6-3*d;k jzifh ;HI edrchf o
hJ nfyh pJG Of refp;D wD;y&dowfukdvufcv,f
axmifjy apmfum;rIjyKvyk cf jhJ cif;aMumifh tufzaf t\ ta&;
,ljcif;udck &H zG,&f adS Mumif;od&onf/
22-12-2013(we*FaEGaeY)
eHeuf 12;15em&D uuf*vD,m&D - emydv
k D
nae 06;00em&D
bdak vmh*ef m - *sED t
kd m
n 08;30em&D
twvEm - *sLAifwyf
n 08;30em&D
ADekd m - vmZD,kd
n 08;30em&D
d;k rm; - umwmeD;,m;
n 08;30em&D
qrf';kd &D;,m; - yg;rm;
n 08;30em&D
qufqt
l v
kd kd - zDt&kd ifw;D em;
n 08;30em&D
wd&k ED kd - csaD ,Adk
23-12-2013(wevFmaeY)
eHeuf 02;15em&D
tifwmrDvef - atpDrv
D ef
eHeuf 02;00em&D
n 9;00em&D
n 9;00em&D
n 9;00em&D
n 9;00em&D
n 9;00em&D
z&efzY wf - atmhpb
f wf
a'ghref - [mombmvif
0g'gb&Drif - avAmulqif
zdik ;f bwf - [efEAkd m
[rf;bwf - rdeZYf f
tde;f x&ufcs f - a[mhzef[rd ;f
22-12-2013(we*FaEGaeY)
eHeuf 00;00em&D
Ek&ifbwf - a&Smaf u;
n 9;00em&D
*vufbwf - 0kzb
f wf
31
32
EdkifiHwum
t wJG ( 1 ) ? t rS wf ( 5 2 )
w e *F a EG ? 2 2 ? 'D Z if b m ? 2 0 1 3
umwmeD;,m; (tDwvD)
tDwvDabmvHk;avmurSm
awmiftar&dutoif;rsm;ESit
hf wl
qd;k oGr;f y&dowfrsm;&SMd uNy;D umwm
eD;,m;y&dowf? a&mrNrKd Uy&dowfEiS hf
rDvefNrKd Uy&dowfrsm;rSmtDwvDtqd;k
qHk;y&dowfrsm;jzpfMuonf/ NrdKUawmf
a&mr&SdvmZD,dkESifh dk;rm;qHkcsdefwkdif;
ESpo
f if;pvH;k y&dowfrsm; &efjzpfyq
JG al vh&dS
ovdk ppvu
D Re;f &St
d oif;jzpfaom um
wmeD;,m;y&dowfrsm;rSmvnf; NrKd UcHNyKd if
buf toif;rsm;ESifhomru wjcm;NrdKUrS
toif;rsm;ESifhawGUqHkvQif jyemrsm;
zefw;D wwfonf/ xdt
Yk jyif 0ifa&muf xde;f
odr;f aom &Jrsm;ESihftoif;upm;orm;rsm;udk
&efjyKr?I wku
d cf u
dk rf rI sm;jyKvyk Mf u&mtoif;\
yH&k yd f rSm wjznf;jznf;usqif;um yGu
J akd t;aq;
Munfv
h akd om y&dowfrsm;u qk;d oGr;f olrsm;&Sd
aom toif;udak &Smif uset
f oif;udk tm;ay;
rIaMumifh toif;0ifaiGrsm;rSmusqif;aeonf/
bdu
k m*sLeD,m(tm*siw
f ;D em;)
tqdyk gtoif;onf tm*siw
f ;D em; abmvH;k
y&dowfrsm;teuftqd;k qH;k y&dowfrsm;udak rG;xkwf
xm;onf[k ,lqEkid o
f nf/ y&dowfrsm;onf Ekid v
f kd
pdwjf yif;xef rIaMumifhNyKd ib
f uftoif;? y&dowfrsm;udk
ae&mra&G;&ef&mS avh&o
dS nf/ y&dowfrsm;rSm uGi;f wGi;f
omru uGi;f jyifvnf;'dik v
f Bl u;D ? NyKd ib
f ufupm;
orm;?y&dowfrsm;udkwku
d cf u
kd Mf uNy;D rMumcPaoqH;k rI
rsm;vnf;&Sad eonf/ if;toif;onf tm*siw
f ;D em;
vd*\
f tatmifjrifq;kH toif;jzpfaomfvnf; tm;ay;
aom qk;d oGr;f y&dowfrsm; aMumifh yH&k yd u
f sqif;aeum
if;toif;y&dowfrsm;\toif;upm;yGpJ Ofrsm;teuf
wpf&moDvQif tenf;qHk;&SpfyGJESifhtxuf tMurf;
zufrrI sm;vkyaf qmifMuonf/
pygwmy&yf(csu)f
tqkyd gtoif;y&dowfrsm;onf Oa&mywku
d f
ta&SUydik ;f ESihfOa&mytv,fydik ;f tqd;k qH;k y&dowfrsm;
tjzpf owfrw
S cf x
H m;&um y&dowftcsi;f csi;f &efjzpfrI
omru tmPmydik rf sm;udyk g wku
d cf u
dk rf rI sm;vkyfaqmif
Muonf/ Facebook 0ufbq
f u
dk rf S wpfqifv
h pl Mk uNy;D
toif;upm;aomyGJ &efjyKMuonf/ xdt
Yk jyif emrnf
Bu;D upm;orm;rsm;ESihf toif;upm;orm;a[mif;wdYk
vnf; if;wdt
Yk oif;ESiahf wGUqHck sed f wku
d cf u
dk Mf u&m
2006ckEpS u
f upm;orm;a[mif; a*sm*f saD zmifvmudk
wku
d cf u
dk cf o
hJ vdkpaumhwvefy&dowf5000ausmu
f kd
vufeufrsK;d pHjk zifh &efjyKwu
dk cf u
dk Mf uonf/
,leAD mpDwm&D,(kd yD;l )
yD;l uvyftoif;y&dowfrsm;teuf tqd;k
qHk;y&dowfjzpfovdk awmiftar&duwkdufy&d
owfrsm;xJ tqkd;qHk;y&dowfjzpfcJhonf/
toif;y&dowfrsm;onf um;rsm;udkdkufcGJ
&efponfhtjyif yGJMunfhpifrS ta0;a&muf
vufeufrsm;jzifh &efjyKwu
dk cf u
dk Mf uonf/ Ny;D cJh
aomESpu
f touf 23ESpf t&G,&f dS y&dowf
wpfO;D onf Alianza y&dowfukd yGMJ unfph ifrS
wGe;f csc&hJ m tjrifah y 50rSjyKwu
f s NyKd if
buf y&dowfrmS yGcJ si;f Ny;D aoqH;k cJzh ;l onf/
uGif;jyifbD,mqkdifrsm;wGif NydKifbuf
y&dowfrsm;udk tkypf zk UJG wku
d cf u
dk Mf uonf/
',fvrf uf&ED iS t
hf ,fvt
f vD(tD*sp)f
toif;y&dwrf sm;\ tMurf;zuf
aom tm;ay;rIonf awmiftar&du
abmvH;k orkid ;f rSww
f rf;0ifco
hJ nf/
if;wdYk ESpo
f if;awGUqHck sed f NyKd ib
f uf
y&dowfrsm;wGif uGi;f twGi;f wku
d f
cku
d o
f vdkuGi;f twGi;f &Sdupm;orm;?
'dik v
f Bl u;D rsm;udk rD;usnrf sm;? ta0;
ypfu&d ,
d mrsm;jzifh wku
d cf u
dk cf &hJ m
vlaygif; rsm;pGmrSm Ny;D cJah omESpu
f
aoqH;k cJzh ;l onf/ if;wdEYk pS o
f if;
y&dowfrsm;aMumifh upm;ae
aom yGyJ sucf &hJ aomfvnf; uGi;f
tjyifrD;&xm;H?k um;vrf;rsm;
ygwdu
k cf u
kd cf &hJ m aoG;xGuo
f H
,drk rI sm;pGmjzpfc&hJ zl; onf/ if;
wdEYk pS o
f if;\ qd;k oGr;f y&dowf
tcsi;f csi;f &efjyKwu
dk cf u
dk rf I
aMumifh 74OD;aoqH;k cJ&h um
1500xufrenf; 'Pf&m&
&Scd o
hJ nf/
EdkifiHwum
t wJG ( 1 ) ? t rS wf ( 5 2 )
w e *F a EG ? 2 2 ? 'D Z if b m ? 2 0 1 3
33
wkduf&ifqdkif qEjyrIawGvkyfavh&SdNyD;
ydik q
f ikd rf rI sm;yg zsuq
f ;D avh&w
dS ,f/ ,ckEpS f
Zefe0g&Dv tapmydik ;f uwnf;u b*Fvm;
a'h&EfS ikd if &H UJ vrf;rrsm;ay:rSm jzpfay:cJw
h hJ
qEjyrIawGaMumifhvlaygif; 280xufrenf;
aoqH;k cJ&h w,f/
b*Fvm;a'h&t
fS pd;k &tkycf sKyaf &;tzGUJ
rS &mrefu ]]&JawG[mypfcwfErdS ef if;rIawG
vkyaf qmifcw
hJ ,f/ 'g[m aemufxyftMurf;
zufraI wGet
YJ "dukP;f jzpfraI wGukd wm;qD;
zdt
Yk wGufqEjyrIrjzpfatmif ydwyf ifwmyg}}
[kajymqdkonf/ t,f0grDvd*fygwDeJY tp
vmrpfygwDwrYkd mS NyKd ib
f ufawGjzpfwmaMumifh
vuf&t
dS mPm&ygwDt,f0grDv*d ef YJ 0efBu;D
csKyf &Sw
d [
f mqDemwdu
Yk a&G;aumufyJG tEdik f
&zdkYtwGuf vkyfaqmifwmvdkY tpvmrpf
ygwDu pGypf x
JG m;w,f/
tpvmrpyf gwDacgif;aqmif rlvm
[m 1971 ckEpS u
f ygupwefrS vGwv
f yf
a&;BuKd ;yrf;rItwGi;f awmif;qdck w
hJ hJ *sme,f
vpf?pmaa&;q&mygarmu?a'gufwmrsm;udk
ESrd ef if; owfjzwfcNhJ y;D vlaygif; 350 ausmu
f kd
ppf&mZ0wfrIusL;vGefcJhw,f/ 'ghtjyif
t"rjyKusifhrIawGvnf; vkyfaqmifcJhwm
aMumihf uGyrf su&f wmygvdYk w&m;H;k uajym
rsm;eJY qufE,
T rf &I w
dS maMumifh tpd;k &tzGUJ H;k
av;H;k eJt
Y wl &Jrsm;udk rD;cd;k AH;k ? aoewfrsm;eJY
jyefvnfwjYkH yefcw
hJ ,fvYkd wm0ef&o
dS rl sm;u
qkyd gw,f/
NyD;cJhwJh&ufydkif;uvnf; tpvmrpf
ygwDvv
kd m;oltyk pf rk sm;[m t,f0grDv*d f
ygwDvv
kd m;olausmif;om;wpfO;D udBk uKd ;qGJ
csowfco
hJ vdk ygwD&UJ Oya'jyKtrwfrsm;udk
yg xyfrw
H u
dk cf u
kd rf aI wG vkyaf qmifaeMu
w,f/ tpvmrpyf gwDeYJ b*Fvm;a'h&t
fS rsKd ;
om;ygwD[m Edik if w
H pf0ef;qlyt
l <kH urIeYJ t
Murf;zufrIjzpfay:vmatmifvkyfNyD; a&G;
aumufyyJG suo
f Ok ;f atmif vkyaf qmifwmvdYk
pGyfpGJrlawGvnf;&Sdaew,f/ Zefe0g&D 9
&ufrSm a&G;aumufyGJvkyfaqmifcJhayr,fh
ygwDt"du acgif;aqmifrv
l mudu
k yG rf surf l
[m tpvmrpyf gwDtwGurf sm;pGm xdcu
dk f
&w,fvdkYqdkaeMuw,f/ vuf&SdtcsdefrSm
b*Fvm;a'h&fS Edik if aH &;tIyt
f axG;[mydrk kd
av;eufvsuf&Sdaew,f/ NyD;cJhwJhvrsm;
uvnf; b*Fvm;a'h&fS trsKd ;om;ygwDO;D
aqmifNyD; qefYusifqEjyrIawGvkyfum
zGUJ pnf;yHek yYJ wfoufvYkraus
d
eyfraI wGawmif;
qdck w
hJ ,f/ vuf&u
dS mvrSmawmh ygwDacgif;
aqmifudkowfjzwf&mrS aoG;ajrusrIjyef
vnfay:aygufaew,f/
b*Fvm;a'h&SfEdkifiH[m pD;yGm;a&;us
qif;rIawGjzpfaewmaMumifh jynforl sm;pGm
tcufBuKH ae&csed rf mS qEjyrIet
YJ Murf;zufrI
awGjzpfvmrI[m pdwfysufrIjzpfapw,f/
b*Fvm;a'h&SfrSmtpGef;a&mufppfaoG;<u
awGeJYqufET,folawG&SdwmaMumifh rMum
cP tMurf;zufwu
kd cf u
kd rf aI wG&adS ew,f/
'gaMumifhvnf; ,ckjzpfay:aewJhtMurff;
zufqEjyrIukd ESrd ef if;zdNYk rKd Uwdik ;f rSm&Jrsm;udk
vufeuftjynfhtpHkwyfqifNyD;apvTwf
xm;ygw,f/
tpvmrpyf gwD0ifrsm;[m tMurf;
zufwu
kd cf u
kd rf x
I ufNird ;f csr;f pGm qEjyrIvyk f
oifw
h ,fvYkd oH;k oyfraI wGvnf;&Sad ew,f/
NydKifbufygwDrsm;udk usL;vGefwdkufcdkufrI
awGvyk w
f m[m xGuaf ygufyw
d w
f mjzpfNy;D
Edik if aH &;enf;vrf;udt
k Murf;zufykpH eH YJ ajz
&Si;f rI[m rSeu
f efwv
hJ yk &f yfvrYkd qdEk ikd w
f hJ tp
vmrpyf gwD0ifev
YJ v
kd m;olawG[m tMurf;
zufwu
kd cf u
kd rf yI pkH u
H kd NyKd ib
f ufygwD? tpd;k &
tzGUJ rsm;tay:qufvufusihfoH;k r,fq&kd if
b*Fvm;a'h&SfEdkifiH&JU a&G;aumufyGJrwkdifrD
BuD;rm;wJh aoG;xGufoH,dkrIrsm;xyfrHjzpf
ay:vmawmhrmS vm;qdw
k m ..../
34
EdkifiHwum
aiGaMu;rormrIaMumifh
wl&uD0efBuD;oHk;OD;\om;rsm; zrf;qD;cH&
wl&uDEidk if \
H 0efBu;D rsm;\om;rsm;rSm Ekid if \
H wif'grsm;
aiG aMu;rormrIvyk rf w
I iG f yg0ifywf oufrjI zifh 'DZifbm 17&ufu
zrf;qD;cH&aMumif;od&onf/ zrf;qD;cH&olrsm;rSm wl&uDjynfxJ
a&;0efBu;D ywf0ef;usiq
f idk &f m0efBu;D ESihf pD;yGm;a&;0efBu;D wd\
Yk om;
rsm;jzpfMuonf/
wl&uD&rJ sm;onf aiGaMu; tvGo
J ;kH pm;rIEiS hf rormrIvyk cf hJ
aom pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;&Sif 20udk 'DZif bm 17&uf tkPw
f ufcsed f
pD;eif;zrf;qD;cJjh cif;jzpfonf/ zrf;qD;cH&olrsm;rSm tpd;k &ESihf rGwf
pvifbmoma&;acgif;aqmifwMYdk um; tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;ESiq
hf ufpyf
zG,&f adS eaMumif; oH;k oyfaeonf/ aiGaMu;tvGo
J ;kH pm;vkyrf rI sm;udk
pHpk rf;ppfaq;Ny;D aemuf tefum&mNrKd U&SdtBu;D qH;k bPfjzpfaom Halk
bPfuv
kd nf; pD;eif;&SmazGcNhJ y;D bPftBu;D tuJukd zrf;qD;rIrsm;
vkyaf qmifco
hJ nf/
wl& uD0efBu;D csKyftD'*kd efEiS hfjynfajy; tpvmrpaf cgif;aqmif
*lvrfw\
Ykd tjiif;yGm;&mrSwpfqifh if;wdu
Yk kd axmufcaH omolrsm;
ESiyhf wfoufum aiGaMu;tvGo
J ;kH pm;rIrsm;ay: aygufvmjcif;jzpf
onf/ if;wdYkESpOf ;D Ny;D cJah om 10ESpt
f wGi;f tD'*kd ef \ AK ygwDtEkid &f
atmif yl;wGJaqmif&GufcJhaomfvnf; tuGJtNyJrsm;jzpfay:vmcJh
aMumif;od&Ny;D 0efBu;D \om;rsm;vnf; tIyt
f axG; yg0ifc
hJ
zrf;qD;cH&onf/
ZMO
t wJG ( 1 ) ? t rS wf ( 5 2 )
w e *F a EG ? 2 2 ? 'D Z if b m ? 2 0 1 3
tdE,
d Ekid if H tar&duefoH ;kH a&SUudk
twm;tqD;rsm;udk tdE,
d Edik if u
H
z,f&mS ; wHjYk yefcahJ Mumif; owif;
rsm;xGufay:vsuf&Sdaeonf/ xdkY
tjyif if;wdo
Yk w
H refukd tar&duef
u jyKrq
l ufqo
H nfh twdik ;f tdE,
d
&Sd tar&duefow
H refrsm;udv
k nf;
wHjYk yefqufqrH nf[k tdE,
d uNcrd ;f
ajcmufxm;onf/
NyD ; cJ h a om oD w if ; ywf u
tar&duefonf tdE,
d oHwrefukd
bm&m*g'Dukd ADZmvdrv
f nfrI jyKvyk f
onf[k pGypf u
JG m zrf;qD;cJNh y;D ? if;
ud&k pJ cef; oHwrefwpfO;D udk quf
qHaomyHpk t
H wdik ;f qufqrH rI &S[
d k
tdE,
d rD',
D mrsm;u azmfjycJNh y;D jyef
vTwfrIrsm; jyKvkyf&ef tdEd,tpdk;
&uawmif;qdkcJhao;onf/ ,if;
aemuf y d k i f ; td E d , oH w ref u d k
tar&duefa':vm ESpo
f ed ;f cGjJ zifh
tar&dueftpdk;&u jyefvTwfay;
cJo
h nf/
odaYk omftEd t
d pd;k &rSm tar&d
uef\ vkyf&yftay:vufrcHbJ
tdEd,e,l;a'vDNrdKU&Sd tar&duef
oHHk;tjyifbufuGefu&ufjzifh jyK
vk y f x m;aom vH k N cH K a&;qd k i f & m
twm;tqD;rsm;udk bl'Zkd mum;jzifh
zsuq
f ;D y,fzsucf o
hJ nf/ tar&duef
ud,
k pf m;vS,t
f zGUJ tm; awGUqH&k ef
tdEd,EkdifiHa&;ygwD acgif;aqmif
rsm;u y,fcsc&hJ m tdE,
d ESihf tar
&duefMum; qufqaH &;wif;rmrIrsm;
jzpfay:cJo
h nf/ tdE,
d Ekid if jH cm;a&;
0efBu;D q,fvrf efumG [pfu oHw
refukd zrf;qD;jcif;udk vH;k 0vufrcH
aMumif; twdvif;xkwaf zmfcahJ omf
vnf;tar&duefEidk if u
H rlzrf;qD;pOf
twGif vkyx
f ;kH vkyef nf;twdik ;f om
usio
hf ;kH cJo
h nf[k ajymqdx
k m;onf/
oHwrefbm&m*g'DrmS tmrcH
jzifh jyefvw
T af eaomfvnf; tjypf&dS
aMumif; xif&mS ;rnfqv
kd Qif axmif
'Pf 15 ESpfuscH&zG,f&Sdaeonf/
tdE,
d onf ,if;oHwrefukd zrf;qD;
rIEiS hfywfoufajz&Si;f csuaf wmif;
qdkrIrsm;vnf; jyKvkyfxm;onf/
tdE,
d Ekid if u
H rl oHwrefukd zrf;qD;
jcif;rSm dkif;pdkif;aomvkyf&yfjzpf
aMumif; tar&dueftpd;k &udk pGypf JG
xm;onf/
ZMO
EdkifiHwum
t wJG ( 1 ) ? t rS wf ( 5 2 )
w e *F a EG ? 2 2 ? 'D Z if b m ? 2 0 1 3
ae&muGufMum; jyif;jyif;xefxef
wkdufckdufrIrsm;rSm we*FaEGaeYrS
pwif Juba NrKd UwGijf zpfymG ;cJo
h nf/
uk v or* taxG axG
twGif;a&;rSL;csKyf befuDrGef;u
vnf; ,ckjzpfpOfESifhywfouf
tvGefyifpdk;&drfrdaMumif;? jynfol
rsm;udk ypfrSwfxm;wkdufckdufonfh
tMurf;zufrrI sm;qufvufjzpfymG ;
Ekid af jc&Sad Mumif;ESihf rdrw
d \
Ykd rke;f wD;
cufxefpw
d rf sm;udkrqkid ;f rwGtqH;k
owf&ef vdt
k yfaMumif; wku
d w
f eG ;f
ajymMum;cJo
h nf/ tar&duefEidk if H
jcm;a&;0efBu;D *Reu
f ,f&u
D Ekid if aH &;
tjrifrwlnrD rI sm;udk Nird ;f csr;f pGmjzifh
'Drdkua&pDenf;us ajz&Sif;oifh
aMumif;? w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;udk
av;pm;oifhaMumif; ajymMum;cJh
onf/
Ref:USA Today, CS
35
,lu&def;tpdk;&udk a':vm
15bDvD,Hacs;&ef k&Sm;vufcH
vuf&u
dS mvwGif Oa&myor*EiS hf pmcsKycf sKyq
f rkd rI &Sad om
aMumifh qEjyrIrsm;jzifh BuKH awGUae& aom ,lu&de;f orw,mEkukd
zpfcsfrSm Ekid if \
H pD;yGm;a&;tusyw
f nf; rsm;udkajzavQmEh idk &f eftwGuf
k&mS ;Ekid if x
H rJ S a':vm 15 bDv,
D aH cs;,l cGi&hf rnft
h jyif obm0
"mwfaiGUrsm;udk owfrw
S af ps;xuf 30 &mcdik Ef eI ;f avQmah ps;jzifh
0,f,cl iG &hf rnfjzpfaMumif; od&onf/
,lu&de;f orwonf&k mS ;ESihf ukeo
f ,
G rf pI mcsKycf sKyq
f &kd ef
qH;k jzwfcchJ sed rf pS jynforl sm;\ qEjyrIrsm; BuKH awGUae&um ,mEk
udkzpfcsfudk EkwfxGuf&efawmif;qdkrIrsm; &SdaecJhonf/ odkYaomf
orw,mEkuzkd pfcsfonfNy;D cJah om&ufyikd ;f wGifk&mS ;orwylwifEiS hf
aqG;aEG;Ny;D aemuf aiG;aMu;acs;,l&ef oabmwlnrD &I cJjh cif;jzpf
onf/
k&mS ;orwylwifu ]],lu&de;f pD;yGm;a&;jyem[m urmh
b@ma&;? pD;yGm;a&;jyemeJY qufpyfaew,f/ ,lu&de;f pD;yGm;
a&;tqifajyapzdkY aiGaMu;&if;ESD;jrKyfESHrIvkyfr,f/ a':vm 15
bDv,
D u
H akd cs;,lrv
I yk rf mS yg}} [k ajymqdck o
hJ nf/
xd k Y j yif k & S m ;Ek d i f i H u obm0"mwf a iG U rsm;ud k 1000
ukArDwmvQif a':vm 410 jzihf a&mif;ae&mrS ,lu&de;f xHoYkd
a':vm 268 jzihaf &mif;rnfjzpf onf/ ,lu&de;f rSm pD;yGm;a&;tcuf
BuKH ru
I kd ajz&Si;f Ekid &f eftwGuf a':vm 20 bDv,
D v
H akd Mumif;? k
&Sm;\ ulnrD rI mS tcuftcJrsm;udkajyvnfaprnf[korw,mEkukd
zpfcsu
f ajymonf/
ZMO:Ref;washington