Cuadernillo de Inglés

COLEGIO MILITAR DE LA NACIÓN
Cátedra de Idiomas
MILITARY ACADEMY OF ARGENTINA
English – Level 2
Ejercicios y textos originales©2019 CÁTEDRA IDIOMAS
UNIT 1
Shall I compare thee?

Section A: Reading comprehension
PART 1
1. Read the following text. Notice the words in bold.
THE STRONGEST FORCE IN THE WORLD
The Army is one of the largest and most important government

organizations in the United States. Its function is to defend the
American people from aggressors with a force of qualified, skilled,
and dedicated Soldiers.
The U.S. Army is made up of the most dedicated, most respected

Soldiers in the world. These Soldiers protect America’s freedoms while serving at home and abroad, and
they are always prepared to defend the nation in times of need.
A U.S. Army Soldier is more than the embodiment of physical and mental strength. As a Soldier, you will
be prepared to serve whenever and wherever you are needed. See the step-by-step process it takes to
join the Army - from talking to a Recruiter to finding the best position for you.
2. - Read each statement. Circle T for true and F for false.
a. This text is about the American Army. T/F
b. It compares the American Army to the American Navy. T/F
c. It also compares the American soldiers to the soldiers in the world T/F
d. An American soldier protects the world´s freedom T /F
3. - Find these sentences in the article. Write the missing words
 The Army is one of …………………………………………….government organizations in the United States.
 The U.S. Army is made up of …………………………………………….soldiers in the world
4. - Look at the words you wrote in exercise 3. Then circle the correct word to complete each rule.
1. For long / short adjectives, put MOST before the adjective to form the superlative.
2. For long / short adjectives, add –EST to the end of the adjective to form the superlative.
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5. - Re-read the text. Circle the correct word to complete each statement.
 The American Army is large / larger than the Argentine Army
 American soldiers are more respected than / respected British soldiers
6. - Which adjectives add MORE? Circle the correct answer.
a. long ones
b. short ones
Which adjectives add –ER Circle the correct answer?
a. long ones
b. short ones
PART 2
7. - Look at these sentences. Do they mean equal or not equal? Circle the correct answer.
 Argentine soldiers are as brave as American soldiers equal/not equal
 The Argentine Army is not as large as the American Army equal/not equal
 The Army is as strong as the Navy equal/not equal
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8. - Look at these sentences. Do they express a comparison? Do they follow the rule?
A U.S. Army Soldier is more than the embodiment of physical and mental strength.
To find the best position for you, follow the step- by –step process.
PART 3
A) Look at the pictures above. Decide which of the questions below might belong to each situation.
1) What´s your date of birth? Picture:

2) Where´s the nearest (bank)? Picture:
3) Which part of (Poland) are you from? Picture:
4) Sorry, could you repeat that, please? Picture:
5) How much does it cost? Picture:
6) Can we have the bill, please? Picture:
7) Where are you from? Picture:
8) What time is it? Picture:
9) Can I help you? Picture:
10) Where are the toilets , please’ Picture:
11) Do you speak English? Picture.
12) How do you spell…? Picture:
B) Listen to three conversations. Match the conversations to three of the situations above.
(Source: New Cutting Edge Pre- INT. Module 1 T 1.6)
a) Conversation 1
Picture…………………..
b) Conversation 2
Picture……………………
c) Conversation 3
Picture……………………
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Section B: Grammar Practice

PART 1 - COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES
COMPARATIVE DEGREE
To compare two people, places or things. Adj + er + than

More + adj + than ( more than two syllables)
SUPERLATIVE DEGREE
To describe a person, a place or an object The + adj + est

compared to a group The most + adj (more than two syllables)
EQUALITY DEGREE
To show equality As + adj + as
IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES
ADJECTIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE
GOOD BETTER THE BEST

BAD WORSE THE WORST
LITTLE LESS THE LEAST
MUCH/MANY MORE THE MOST
FAR FARTHER THE FARTHEST
FURTHER THE FURTHEST
OLD ELDER (people) THE ELDEST (people)
OLDER (general use) THE OLDEST (general use)
I. READ THE TEXT AND MAKE THE RIGHT CHOICE
The Jonas Brothers Circus is in town! Every year, the circus arrives and stays for a week. Then they go to
the next town.
There are not many animals in the circus. People told the circus that they didn't like seeing animals
performing. There is an elephant called Jacob and two old lions, Hattie and Meg.
Most of the performers are human! There is Leopold, The Strongest Man in the World. His father also
worked in the circus, but Leopold is stronger than him, he has bigger arms and bigger legs too! Leopold
performs his act every night for the town's people who come to watch.
Another performer is Sarah. She says she has the longest hair in the world. It's about 4 metres long! She
also has a daughter who works in the circus. Her name is Sue-Ellen. Her hair is a lot shorter, but she
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wants to grow it as long as her mother's. Sue-Ellen helps look after the animals and she's also learning
how to juggle.
The highlight of the circus is the three clowns, Pit, Pot and Pat. They all wear long red shoes, but Pat's
shoes are the longest and sometimes, he falls over because they're so long! They perform for about
twenty minutes and they are always the most popular act with the audience, especially the children.
Many people think Pit, Pot and Pat are three brothers, but Pat is older than the other two - he's their
father! He's the oldest clown in the country, but he has a lot of energy.
Tomorrow will be the longest day because the circus is leaving town and everything must be packed
away into big trucks.
T F
1. The circus comes to the town twice a year. 1
2. There are not many animals in the circus. 2
3. People don't come to the circus because of the animals. 3
4. Leopold and his father work in the circus together. 4
5. Leopold's father is the strongest. 5
6. Clara's hair is longer than her daughter's hair. 6
7. Sue-Ellen wants to be a clown in the circus. 7
8. Pit is the father of the other two clowns. 8
9. The three clowns wear identical shoes. 9
10. Everyone is very tired on the day that the circus leaves town. 10
II. READ THE ARTICLE ABOUT TRASH IN THE DESERT. FIND AND CORRECT EIGHT MORE ERRORS WITH
SUPERLATIVES.
The Arabian Desert in the Middle East is one of the most hot hottest environments on Earth, and it has
the less amount of rainfall. But to the camel, it is home. The camel is one of the most strong animals in
the world. Camels can go for many days with only a little food and water. When they do find water, they
probably drink the most quick of any land animal. Adult camels can drink about 25 to 30 gallons (95–114
liters) in ten minutes. Unfortunately, finding water is not the seriousest problem camels face. Most
dangerous threat to camels comes from humans. Tourists in the desert leave trash behind. Camels think
the trash is food and eat it. This is very dangerous for the camels, because it can kill them. One of the
most polluted parts of the desert is outside the city of Abu Dhabi. Each year, many camels die there
from eating trash. Cameron Oliver has been trying to change this. Since he was eight years old, Cameron
has been telling people that trash is very dangerous for camels. Of all the young people in Abu Dhabi,
Cameron has worked most hard to help the camels. When he was 12, Cameron became the most young
person to win an Abu Dhabi award for community service.
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FINAL TASK: #TenYearsChallenge
You will prepare an entry for a video blog called “How my life has changed”. The idea is to talk about
your life ten years ago and your life now. You can write it down as a script for the blog, act it out or
record it on video. Consider the following aspects:
Physical features – school – homework – summer holidays– Christmas – sport abilities –
You can use these phrases as a starting point:
Ten years ago, I was … years old.
When I was at school, …
I used to see myself … but others saw me …
I used to think that …
During my summer holidays, I was …
In my opinion, …
Your video blog must not be longer than one minute, so when you finish it, read it out loud and time
your speech. Rehearse it several times before producing the final version.
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UNIT 2
Before and now

Section A: A military career
PART 1
A) Read the text and complete the chart below.
BLUE BERET
Change of command in Sector 1
On 31 August 2016, UNFICYP Sector 1 HQ, San Martín Camp, hosted a Change of Command
ceremony. In the presence of Chief of Staff and acting Force Commander Colonel Tim Wildish
and other guests, the outgoing S1 Commander, Lt. Colonel Gustavo Visceglie, handed over
command to incoming Sector 1 Commander Lt. Colonel Luis Pablo Guimpel, who has served as
Deputy Commander since February this year. In his speech, Colonel Wildish expressed
appreciation for Sector 1´s development and maintenance of excellent working relationships
with all the relevant actors within their area of responsibility under the command of Lt. Colonel
Visceglie. He wished him good luck and continued success in his career path. Col. Wildish also
welcomed the newly arrived contingent troops and wished them the best during their tour.
PLACE
Chief of Staff
Outgoing S1 Commander
Incoming S1 Commander
B) READ about one of the newly arrived members of Sector 1 and complete the text with
the verbs in the chart below.
appointed assigned deployed graduated joined served
Deputy CO S1
Lieutenant Colonel Juan Pablo de la Vega 1)…………………..the Argentine Army

in 1988 and 2)……………….from Military College in 1990 as Second Lieutenant
of Infantry Corps. One of his first most notable military appointments was in
Military College where he was an Instructor Officer. Afterwards he was
3)………………… to War College as student, and Uruguayan Military Institute as
student in 2008. He was Deputy CO in the 24 th Mechanized Infantry Regiment in Argentina
Patagonia.
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From 2012 to 2014 he was Head of the Investment Project “Acquisition of Armored Fighting
Vehicles”. At the end of 2014 he was 4) ………………....as Commander Officer of the 5th
Mechanized Infantry Regiment, which is now 5)…………………as core unit of the ARGCON in
UNFICYP.
Lt. Cl De La Vega is now Staff Officer of the Argentine and Uruguayan Armies and he has a
degree in Strategy and Organization. He 6)………………….with the UN in UNPROFOR, Croatia, in
1992. He is married to María Del Rosario and has three children, Juan Ignacio, Francisco José
and María Del Pilar.
PART 2
C) Pronunciation: Past Simple of regular verbs /d/ /id/
LISTEN to your teacher and write /d/ or /id/

1- deployed / / 4- served / /
2- graduated / / 5- joined / /
3- promoted / / 6- appointed / /
D) Analyze this chart and complete the following phrases about a military career.
1- Alan graduated…………….NCO school at the age of 22.

2-He was posted ……………..a cavalry regiment.
3-He deployed………………..Cambodia in 1992.
4- He served…………………UNTAC from 1992 to 1993.
5- He was promoted……………….sergeant major last year.
ENLISTMENT TRAINING ASSIGNMENT MILITARY RANK
the basic Second

Army training Lieutenant
(Unit)
the NCO Posted to
Lieutenant
Navy School
Graduated Promoted
Join the Air officer
from to Colonel
Force school
Served in (country)
The the
Police Military Lt. Cl.
Force Academy
Now complete the following model for a description of a military career. Use information
about your instructor officer.
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My instructor officer joined the Army in (year) when he was (age).... He

graduated from (school) in ……………….. . The course was (years /
months) . He was posted to the (unit) in ……..…….. (Year). He served in
(country) in (year) and he’s currently posted to (unit) . He was
promoted to (current rank) in …………….…… (month and year).
E) Now speak about you. Use the vocabulary and phrases from the text above.
Section B: Talking about incidents in the past.

PART 1
A) Read the following text.
A FRIGHTENING ESCAPE
A few years ago, an American pilot was flying a small plane from Massachusetts to North
Carolina when the engine failed. He jumped out of the plane with a parachute at 14,000
metres.
“For the first few minutes after jumping out of the plane I just fell. I had my oxygen mask and
helmet, but it was very cold and I was falling very fast. My left hand was completely numb. I
couldn´t open the parachute because I was too high and there was not enough air. At last there
was more air and I began to go more slowly and suddenly the parachute opened. My nose was
bleeding, my right hand was cut, and my left hand was still very cold, but I felt better.
Then I noticed that the clouds were getting dark and I realized I was going into a thunderstorm.
All of a sudden there was wind, rain, thunder, lightning and even hail. As I was falling, I closed
my eyes to protect them from lightning.
Slowly the weather got calmer and I was below the storm. I was probably about a hundred
metres above the ground when I looked down and saw green fields and knew I was very near to
landing. Then I crashed through some trees and landed on the ground. I lay there for a few
seconds, cold but still conscious. Soon I was able to move my arms and legs. By some miracle I
was all right.”
B) Say if the following statements are True or False.
1- The pilot could open the parachute immediately.

2- Blood was coming out of his nose.
3- The lightning hurt his eyes.
4- He was unconscious when he hit the ground.
5- Finally he could move.
C) Find the underlined words in the text which mean the following:
1- Started ……….…………………………
2- Observed ……….………………………..
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3- Stopped working ………………………………….

4- Hit something violently ……..…………………………..
5- Could move ….….…………………………..
TIP
We use the past continuous to describe an event in progress in the past.
The past simple is used with the past continuous to show that one event happened when another event
was still in progress.
PART 2
LISTENING: MY FIRST TIME
You will hear two people, Helen and Josh, talking about the first time they did something.
A) Listen and say which pictures illustrate their stories. (From New Cutting Edge Pre-Int. T 2.9)
HELEN: Picture ………. JOSH: Picture……………
B) Listen to the stories again and choose the correct options below.
HELEN JOSH
1- Where did it happen? 1-Where did it happen?

At school - At home - Down the road at a seaside resort - in a sky resort - in a party
2- When did it happen? 2- When did it happen? While he
In the morning- in the afternoon - at night was working - was on holiday - was sleeping
3- Who else was in the story? 3- Who else was in the story?
Her mother - Her sister - Her teacher His family - a woman - His friends
4- How did she feel? 4- How did he feel?
Embarrassed - nervous - happy shy - unhappy - excited
5- What happened in the end? 5-What happened in the end?
Everything was… He smiled - He got married - He escaped
wrong - fine - fantastic
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PART 3
Talking about excess and scarcity. Phrasal and prepositional verbs.
A) Analyse the following sentences from the text. What do the ideas in bold type
suggest?
I was too high. TOO + ADJECTIVE

There was not enough air. ENOUGH + NOUN
B) What do the prepositions and adverbs in the following phrases indicate?
He jumped out of the plane. VERB + PREPOSITION

I crashed through some trees.
I looked down the road.
C) Now, find the meaning of the following phrases. Do the prepositions have the
same function?
look for - look up - look out - look after
D) Now that you have analyzed the cases above, complete the following sentences.
1- The plane was falling ………………….. fast and there wasn’t ……………………. air.
2- When I …………………………………………, I could see green fields.
3- A: What are you doing?
B: I´m………………………………….my keys. I can´t find them.
4- I´m going to………………………………..my grandmother tonight. She´s in bed.
5- A: What´s the meaning of “thunder”?
B: ……………………it………………….. in the dictionary!
6- There´s not ……………………milk in the fridge. I´ll get some at Shopper´s.
7- He is ………………………short to play basketball.
8- ……………………………! You may fall down if you´re not careful!
E) Think about a frightening experience and write about it. Use the following
questions as a guide:
1- What happened? (Main actions)

2- What were you doing when it happened? (background actions)
3- How did you feel? (your feelings)
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Now, write your answers in the corresponding boxes below to organize your anecdote.
1-
Main actions
2-
Background actions
3–
Your feelings
F) FINAL TASK
After you have revised and organized your anecdote, tell your story to your
teacher and your colleagues, or record it on video and share it on a social network.
Pictures will give you extra score!
Section C: Integration period.

PART 1
A) Read the following text and complete the chart below.
OPERATION LEOPARD, KOLWEZI 1978

The objective of Operation Leopard was to take control of Kolwezi and free the hostages.
At 1000 hours on Wednesday 17 May, 1978, the phone rang in the headquarters of the 2éme
Regiment Etranger de Parachutists (or 2 REP), based at Camp Rafalli in Corsica. It was the
warning order that 2 REP had six hours to prepare for deployment to Zaire (now called the
Democratic Republic of the Congo) in Central Africa in order to defeat rebels in Kolwezi. The
events that led to the warning order began 4 days earlier, on 13 May, when rebels seized the
mining town of Kolwezi, in the south of Zaire, killing local politicians and threatening the 2500
foreign workers living in Kolwezi.
Lieutenant Colonel Erulin, 2REP´s commander, protested that six hours was too little time- only
two companies of the Regiment were on standby- but 2REP practiced regularly for this type of
mission and at 1800 hours the Regiment was ready to move. At 0320 on 18 May the movement
order finally came into 2Rep´s headquarters and at 1000 the same morning Erulin and his men
arrived at Solenzara, the airbase designated as the take-off site.
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The planes landed in Kinshasha, the capital of Zaire at 2135 on 19 May. The legionnaires
disembarked and Erulin´s staff went straight into a briefing. It was their second night without
sleep. Before leaving Corsica, the plan was for an airdrop on May 20 but at the briefing, Erulin
learned that his unit was going into combat the next day. At 2200, on May 19, the legionnaires
were embarked on transport aircraft. It was less than 24 hours since 2REP had received the
warning order at Camp Rafalli.
(Adapted from Simon Mellor-Clark-Ivonne Baker de Altamirano, “Campaign” English for the Military. Student´s book 2- Unit 4)
EVENT TIME DATE
1-2 REP received a warning order to prepare for deployment. 1000 HS 17 May
2- The movement order came into 2REP´s headquarters.
3- The convoy arrived at Solenzara airbase.
4- 2 REP arrived in Kinshasha.
5- Legionnaires embarked in transport aircraft, ready for the airdrop over Kolwezi.
B) Listen to the story and CHECK the information. Was it all right? Correct the wrong data.
C) Read the text again and answer the following questions.
1- Why was the 2REP deployed to Zaire?

2- Why did Lieutenant Colonel Erulin say that six
hours was too little time?
3- How many foreign workers were living in
Kolwezi when rebels seized the town?
4- What was the change in plan that Erulin
learned about in Kinshasha?
5- When did legionnaires finally take control of Kinshasha?
D) Write TRUE (T) or FALSE (F). Correct the false ones.
1- There were few foreign workers living in the city when rebels seized Kolwezi.
2- Local politicians became prisoners.
3- Lt Cl Erulin and his Unit went into combat on May 20.
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PART 2
FINAL TASK
Think about your last weekend. White a short paragraph describing your free time activities.
You can plan your writing using the ideas organizer below.
(Use connectors: Last Saturday, After, First, Then, Next, Finally, As soon as)
DAY ACTIONS CONNECTORS
Friday night
Saturday
- morning
- afternoon
- Evening
Sunday
- morning
- afternoon
- evening
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UNIT 3
The past and future of war

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PART 1
Adapted from https://www.economist.com/special-report/2018/01/25/the-future-of-war
The past and future of war
“No one in this room can accurately predict the future. The nature of war is never going to change.
However, the character of war is changing before our eyes — with the introduction of a lot of technology,
a lot of societal changes with urbanization and a wide variety of other factors. These factors will
probably give war a new face” -Gen. Mark Milley at the Association of the U.S. Army Convention, 2017
https://warontherocks.com/2018/04/forecasting-the-future-of-warfare/
Before reading, look at the pictures and compare the past and the present of the army. Complete
the sentences with information from the box
Weapons - heavy - sophisticated / uniforms - uncomfortable comfortable / map reading - GPS
technology - exact - simple - difficult / soldiers – well-equipped / rations - healthy – tasty
E.g. In the past, weapons were heavier than in the present and less sophisticated. Or: At present,
weapons are more sophisticated.
1. Uniforms
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
2. Map reading
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. Soldiers
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Rations
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Read the caption (text under the pictures) and transcribe:
16
a) A sentence that expresses certainty about the future
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b) A sentence that expresses less certainty about the future
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
c) Do you know which verb tenses are used?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Choose the right option of the verbs. Cross out the incorrect
1. In the past, very big cannons WERE USED / WAS USED at war
2. Soldiers FIGHT / FOUGHT hand to hand in the battlefield
3. In the future, smart weapons such as drones ARE USED / WILL BE USED
4. THERE WILL BE / THERE ARE AI robots so soldiers’ presence WILL BE / WON’T BE
necessary.
5. The battlefields of the future IS GOING TO BE / ARE GOING TO BE different from the war
zones of today.
6. Technology IS GOING TO help / ARE GOING TO help soldiers
Before reading PART 1 “The past of wars”, look at the two paragraphs and complete the sentence
In the first part of this text, the verbs are in the ………………………………………………tense because I
can see time expressions such as: ________________________ , __________________________,
__________________ and ______________________________
In the past, predictions about future warfare put too much emphasis on new technologies and
doctrines. In the19th century, the victory of the Prussian army over France in 1870 convinced
European general staffs that rapid mobilization by rail, quick-firing artillery and a focus on
attack would make wars shorter and decisive. Those ideas were tested at the beginning of the
First World War. The four years of trench warfare on the western front proved them wrong.
In the 1930s it was believed that aerial bombardment of cities would be devastating enough to
make the enemy surrender. That forecast came true only with the invention of nuclear weapons a
decade later. In the first Gulf war in 1990-91, America demonstrated what a combination of its
precision-guided munitions, new intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance methods, space-
based communications and stealth technology could do. Therefore, many people assumed that in
future the West would always have swift and painless victories. However, after the terrorist
attacks on America on September 11th 2001, wars took a different course.
While reading, underline and then transcribe synonyms or words with similar meaning for
the following words:
1. Group of officers ………………………………………….

2. Train ………………………………………….
3. Destructive ………………………………………….
4. Capitulate ………………………………………….
5. Prediction ………………………………………….
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6. Monitoring ………………………………………….
7. Invisible to radar ………………………………………….
8. Quick ………………………………………….
After reading, tick the ideas that are present in the text.
1. European general staffs put too much emphasis on new technologies.

2. France surrendered to Prussia in 1870
3. Mobilization by train, quick-firing artillery and a focus on attack made wars shorter
4. Nuclear weapons were invented in the 1940s
5. The First World War lasted 4 years
6. In the First World War, soldiers didn’t fight in trenches
7. The effect of bombs was devastating enough and made the enemy surrender
8. In the first Gulf war, the USA used precision-guided munitions, new intelligence,
surveillance and reconnaissance methods, space-based communications and stealth
technology.
9. People thought that wars would be quick and painless and the USA would be victorious
10. After September 11th 2001, wars changed.
Read the following sentences and answer the questions:
A. The USA demonstrated what the use of technology could do. THEREFORE, people thought
that wars would be quicker and shorter.
B. The USA demonstrated what the use of technology could do SO people thought that wars
would be quicker and painless.
What is the difference between sentences a and b? Is there a difference in meaning?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
What do THEREFORE and SO mean? How are they used? What for?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
C. People thought that wars would be quicker and painless. HOWEVER, war changed after Sept.
11th and it was more painful because a lot of civilians died
D. People thought that wars would be quicker and painless, BUT war changed after Sept. 11th
and it was more painful because a lot of civilians died.
What is the difference between sentences c and d? Is there a difference in meaning?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
What do HOWEVER and BUT mean? How are they used? What for?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
Provide two examples of your own
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PART 2
Before reading Killer Robots: The Future of War? Answer the questions below
Do you think killer robots exist? If so, where are they used?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
As you read, underline the authors’ opinion about this topic and complete the chart. Then tell the
rest of the class if you agree with him or not. Account for your answers.
Killer Robots: The Future of War?
Artificial intelligence (AI) will transform our lives. It will touch almost every aspect of society: business,
education, transportation, medicine, even politics. In most places, this will be a good thing, for example
for improving productivity. However, there is one place where it can be dangerous, and that is in the
military.
The world will be a much worse place if, in 20 years’ time, the military use lethal autonomous weapons
systems (LAWS), as there are no laws to regulate LAWS. The media like to call them “killer robots.” The
problem with calling them “killer robots” is that people are going to imagine The Terminator. It is not the
idea of The Terminator that worries me but the possibility of replacing the human pilot of a Predator
drone with a computer.
If the army uses this drone, they will have the perfect weapon because it can fly, track, and target for
itself. It will never sleep. It will fight and destroy 24/7. It will have superhuman accuracy and reflexes.
But the problem is nobody is going to control drones. Above all, there is a deep moral argument: if we
give machines the decision of whether a person lives or dies, we will lose an essential part of our
humanity.
WRITTEN BY: Toby Walsh. Adapted from https://www.britannica.com/topic/Killer-Robots-The-Future-of-War-2118625
Positive uses Negative uses

Artificial Author’s opinion Your opinion Author’s opinion Your opinion
Intelligence
USEFUL PHRASES TO EXPRESS OPINION:
I agree with the author because…………. I totally disagree because ……………

I think AI can be / will be …… I don’t think …….
I strongly believe that ……… I don’t believe ………………….
After reading, analyze these sentences:
1. In most places, AI will be a good thing

2. If the army uses this drone, they will have the perfect weapon
3. Nobody is going to control drones
What do they have in common? How are they different?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
19
YOUR PLANS AND PREDICTIONS (Go to the practice section and read about future tenses)
Now it’s your turn to write and talk about your plans and predictions for your future personal and
professional life. Think about your life in a few years’ time. Do you have any plans? Will you do
any of these things? What do you think?”
get married – have children –travel abroad – build a house – win the lottery – change your job –
write a book –continue studying – graduate with honors – be assigned / deployed / promoted –
(your own plans and predictions)
I am / I’m not ……………………………………………………………………………………………
I think I will ….…………………………………………………………………………………………
Maybe / Probably I ….…………………………………………………………………………………
If I ………………………………………………, I will ………………………………………….
I will …………………………………………. if I …………………………………………………
PART 3 - FUN TIME! SONG “FORTUNE TELLER” (BY MAROON 5)
1) Before listening, cross out the words that are not related to the title of the son
question - prediction - tomorrow - news - crystal ball - today - future - TV - dream - feeling - love
2) Now, let’s form words.
The suffix ER is used with many verbs to make nouns meaning someone or something that
performs an action
Do you remember?
-ER is also used with short adjectives to make ………………………………
Provide 2 examples of your own and use them in a sentence
Complete the chart. Include 2 examples of your own
Verb Noun
Tell Teller
Sing
Teach
Worker
User
Maker
3) Vocabulary work
20
Before you listen to the song, search “the American dream” in Google.
How can you associate the words river – flow –drown? Can you associate them with a feeling?
4) While listening to the song, pay attention to the spaces and complete them using the verbs in
the circle.
A) Now that the song is complete, say:

1) Who is talking?
2) To whom? What is their relationship?
3) Where are they?
4) Why does the singer say “Why did you have to go and ruin the night?”
21
5) Can you say what the people were doing before the night was ruined?
6) Explain the following phrases in the context of the song:
“I don’t have the crystal ball, I can’t predict the future.”

“I just think we should stay stuck in the moment today.”
“I don’t like watching TV.”
“And your American dream, baby, it just isn’t me”
“I know the song I’m singing is not your favourite kind.”
7) Now that you have worked out the meaning of the lyrics, put the singer’s words in plain, direct
English to get the message across to the other person. You can write WhatsApp messages or chat
bubbles. Use the structures you have learnt:
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
FINAL TASK
Conduct a research on the things you want for your future. Save pictures and images related to them.
Then, prepare a short video using the images, background music and your voice in off to say what plans
and expectations you have for your future. Use the structures and vocabulary you have learnt in this
unit.
Before you record your video, write a script of what you are going to say over the images. Submit at
least two drafts to your teacher for revision until the final version is reached.
22

Cátedra de Idiomas
MILITARY ACADEMY OF ARGENTINA
English – Level 2
PRACTICE SECTION
23
Grammar appendix and Vocabulary tables

UNIT 1
I. - Comparatives
Use the correct form of these adjectives: big | cheap | cold| fat| good| loud| old| small| young.
1. As you get older policemen seem to be .

2. As more people arrived the crowd got .
3. As the plane flew higher the houses below got .
4. As we travelled north from Glasgow the temperature got .
5. As we argued more in the market, the price got .
6. As the opera reached the end, the music got .
7. My memory gets worse as I get .
8. As we eat more we get .
9. If I practice regularly I get .
II.-Superlatives
Make true sentences using these adjectives in the superlative form: dry| expensive |fast| high |long
|old |rich |tall.
1. Rhodium is the metal.
2. Everest is the mountain in the world.
3. The Atacama Desert is the place on Earth.
4. The first-born son or daughter is the child in the family.
5. The Burj Khalifa is the structure in the world.
6. The cheetah is the land animal.
7. The Bang Na Expressway is the road bridge in the world.
8. Carlos Slim is the man in the world.
24
III.- Complete each sentence with as . . . as and the adjective or adverb in parentheses.
1. Mark plays the guitar ……………………………………………………….(well) Nancy does.
2. Online reviews are……………………………. (useful) asking friends about products.
3. The coat was just………………………………………………………………. (warm) it looked.
4. Your sofa is just …………………………………………………………. (comfortable) Diane’s.
5. My computer is ………………………………………………………. (fast) the newer models.
IV.- Use the words to make comparisons with as . . . as.

1. Desktop computers / be / popular / laptops
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. Microwave ovens / work / well / regular ovens
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. Motorcycles / go / fast / cars
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4. This hotel room / be / big / my apartment
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
V. - WRITE THE COMPARATIVE OR SUPERLATIVE FORM OF THE ADJECTIVES IN THESE SENTENCES
1. She was a very intelligent student. She was ……………………………………………………….girl in her class.
2. It´s a very old castle. Experts argued it is………………………………………………………………….. in Britain.
3. I´m going to sleep on the sofa. The floor is…………………………….… (comfortable) than it.
4. This new job is………………………………………….. (important) for me than the last I had.
5. Living in the countryside is……………………….…………… (healthy) than leaving in town.
VI. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER.
1. - Santa Fe is ____________Catamarca.
a. - wetter than b. - more wet than c. - the wettest
2. - Juan is _____________ Mary.
a. - more happy than b. - happier than c. - happyer than
3. - The sun is _____________ the moon.
a. - hottest than b. - more hot than c. - hotter than
4. - I’m ______________ in this class.
a. - the shortest b. - the shorter c. - the most shorter
5. - He went to bed _____________ she did.
a. - early than b. - earlier than c. - more early than
6. - Luisa´s work is _______________ mine.
a. - gooder than b. - better than c. - the best
25
7. - Dogs are ____________ cats.
a. - the friendliest b. - more friendly than c. - friendlier than
8. - My English homework was _____________ yours.
a. - worst than b. - worse than c. - badder than
9. - I can swim _____________ my brother.
a. - more fast than b. - the fastest c. - faster than
10.- Please give me ______________ box.
a. - the smaller b. - the more small c. - the smallest
11. - This is the most comfortable room ___________ the house.
a. - at b. - in c. - of
12. - _______________ tourist destination in the world is Paris.
a. - the more popular b. - the most popular c. - the popularest
13.- I think English is ________________ Latin.
a. - more interesting than b. - the most interesting c. - interestinger than
14. - ______________ thing in my wardrobe is my jacket.
a. - the more expensive b. - the most expensive c. - more expensive than
15.- Your eyes are _____________ my eyes.
a.- more blue than b.- bluer than c.- bluer than
16.- Mount Everest is the highest mountain ____________ world.
a.- of b.- at c.- in
17.- ________________ football team in Europe is Real Madrid.
a.- the more successful b.- the most successful c.-more successful than
18.- The North is _______________ South.
a.- the richest b.- richer than c.- richer that
19.- Mr. Isla is _____________ youngest teacher in the school.
a.- than b.- more c.- the
20.- Don’t read that book. It’s _____________ interesting book I’ve ever read.
a.- more b.- the least c.- less
21.- Peter has more free time than I. He is _______________ me.
a.- busier than b.- as busy as c.- not as busy as
22.-The big chair is the cheapest chair in the shop. It is _________ expensive chair.
a.- the most b.- the less c.- the least
23.- Juan and Patricia are not the same height. Juan is _____________ Patricia.
a.- not as tall b.- not tall c.- not as tall as
VII. Work with a partner. Use the words in parentheses to write superlatives. Then choose the correct
answer to complete each fact on the quiz. General Knowledge Quiz
1………………………………… is the highest mountain (high / mountain) on Earth.

a. Mount Kilimanjaro b. Mount Everest c. K2
2…………………………………………………………. is (fast / animal) in the world.
a. the camel b. the zebra c. the cheetah
3. ………………………………………………….is (long / river) in the world.
a. The Nile River b. The Amazon River c. The Yangtze River
26
4. …………………………………………………………is (wide / ocean) on Earth.

a. The Pacific Ocean b. The Atlantic Ocean c. The Indian Ocean
5. …………………………………………………..is (small / continent).
a. Africa b. Antarctica c. Australia
6…………………………………………………………………. is (large / animal) on Earth.
a. the elephant b. the blue whale c. the giraffe
7…………………………………………………………….. is (cold / place) on Earth.
a. Antarctica b. Alaska c. Canada
8…………………………………………………………………… is (close / planet) to the sun.
a. Mars b. Venus c. Mercury
UNIT 2
A) Past Simple: affirmative and negative forms
We use the past simple tense to speak about completed actions
Study the examples.
I joined the army as a soldier three years ago. I didn’t join the army as an officer.
(Subject + verb + -ed ) (subject + did not + verb)
Spelling : deploy + ed serve + d
B) Past Simple IRREGULAR VERBS
Study the examples:
PRESENT PAST EXAMPLE

GET GOT I got up early yesterday.
GO WENT When something went wrong, it wasn´t my problem.
DO DID I did my exercises last night.
GIVE GAVE I gave orders when I was in the Army.
WEAR WORE I wore a uniform at school.
Past simple irregular verbs do not end in -ed.
C) YES / NO and WH-QUESTIONS
Study the examples:
Did you have a good weekend? What did you do last weekend?
Where did you go?
DID + SUBJECT + VERB WH- + DID + SUBJECT + VERB
27
Put the words in order to make correct questions.
1- did / go /last / weekend ? / Wendy / Where

Where did Wendy go last weekend?
2- Did / do / Arnold / last / Sunday? / What

……………………………………………………….
3- play / you / Did / Saturday ? / football / last

……………………………………………………….
4- did / do /What / yesterday ? / you

……………………………………………………….
5- did / go / last / weekend? / partner / Where / your

…………………………………………….
D) Listen and complete the blanks in the text below with the missing verbs in the
correct tense and form.
Li Feng is talking about his life before he joined the army and his life now.
CARRY DO FOLLOW GET GIVE GO SALUTE START WEAR
Before I joined the army, I worked for a year in a bank. I 1)……………………...work at eight o´clock
so I 2)…………………….. up early. Now I 3)…………………..…. up early and I 4)……………..………… PT with
my soldiers at zero eight hundred. When I was a civilian I 5) ……………..……… any exercise. In the
bank I 6)……………………….. orders, like in the Army, but in the bank I never
7)………..…………..orders. In the army I 8)…………………. orders to soldiers. In the bank when
something 9)…………………….wrong it wasn´t my problem, but now it´s my responsibility. There
are other differences. As a civilian I never 10)…………….……... a uniform. I 11) ………………….…….
my superiors and I 12) …………….….… a weapon! I 13) ………………. all these things now!
(Adapted from Simon Mellor-Clark-Ivonne Baker de Altamirano, “Campaign” English for the Military. Student´s
book 1- Unit 3)
28
E) Now write a similar paragraph about you. Think about your life before you joined
the army and your life now.
Before I joined the Army……….
Now,…
F) Work in pairs. Talk about your experience.
Before I joined the Army…..
After I joined the Army….
G) Grammar. Verbs with preposition
Study these phrases:

Deployed to + place or area (Bosnia)
Graduated from + school (officer school)
Promoted to + rank (Captain)
Served in + place (Bosnia)
Posted to +unit (an infantry regiment)
H) Past continuous and past simple
Complete these sentences using the most appropriate verbal form.
1- Last year, a pilot (fly)…………………………… a seaplane

when one of the engines (start) ……………………….. to
fail.
2- The aircraft (begin) ………………. to fall. As he (fall)
…………………………… down, he (close) ……………………….
his eyes to protect them.
3- He (try)……………………………. to reach ground control when he (notice) ……………………… his
fingers were numb.
4- While the plane (fall)………………………………………, a storm (break out) ……………………. .
5- As he (go down)…………………………………, he (look) ……………… down and (see)
…………………… some green spots below.
FURTHER PRACTICE
A) Complete the text. Use the verbs in the box below.
brushed – cleaned – ironed – polished – put on – took off – washed
29
After the exercise, he …………………… his dirty combat uniform. First, he …………………..his uniform
and he …………………………. and ……………………… his boots. Then, he ………………………his shirt and
……………………..his beret. After that, he ……………………………his uniform again and finally, he
paraded with his company.
B) Parts of Speech
Study the example.
NOUN VERB ADJECTIVE NOUN PREPOSITION
Hanif joined the Pakistani army in 1996.
Identify the parts of speech in the following sentences.
1- Kurk took off his uniform. Nouns .………………….

2- Pierre is French. Adjective …………………..
3- On Saturday, I played football. Verb .………………….
4- I joined the army on January 30th 1986. Preposition ….……………….
C) Complete the blanks in the conversation with the options (A-G) in the box below. There are
two extra options.
1- A: ………………………………………………………………….., Hassim?
B: On Saturday I played football and on Sunday I was at a wedding.
2- A: Hi, Wendy,………………………………………………………………..?
B: Yes, I did. It was my brother´s birthday party.
3- A: …………………………………………………………………………………?
B: To a new Mexican restaurant. It was great.
4- A: …………………………………………………………………………Paul?
B: I was at my sister´s wedding anniversary.
5- A: …………………………………………………………………………………?
B: We had a big meal and went to a club.
30
A What did you do last Saturday?

B Where did you go?
C Where did you stay?
D Did you have a good weekend?
E What did you do last weekend?
F How did you celebrate?
G How much did you pay?
A) Now listen and check your answers.
B) TEST PRACTICE: ORAL PRODUCTION

Read the text “THE FRENCH FOREIGN LEGION: Past and present”. Speak about the
text. Say what it is about.
UNIT 3
REVISING THE SIMPLE PAST
The Simple Past is used for an activity or situation that began and ended in the past. It is
usually used with past time expressions such as yesterday, last month/year, a few days ago, and
dates such as: in 1990. Regular verbs add ed to the base form. Irregular verbs form the Simple
Past in a variety of different ways.
BE
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I/he/she/it + was + … I/he/she/it + was not + … Was + I/he/she/it + …?
War was long and cruel It wasn’t easy to survive Was war only geopolitical?
You/we/they+ were + … You/we/they+ were + … Were + you/we/they + …?
Weapons were heavy They were not so effective Were weapons easy to carry?
Other verbs
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
(All persons) + past form (All persons) + did not +Base Did + (all persons) + base
of the verb form of the verb form of the verb?
Soldiers used cannons They didn’t use robots Did they use heavy weapons?
31
Write the correct form of the verbs in brackets
Planning for the Next War By Stephen Peter Rosen Adapted from ttps://www.foreignaffairs.com/reviews/review-essay/2018-02-
13/future-fights
Ex U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert Gates ……………………………. (say) that Washington’s

predictions about its future wars ……………………………… (not be) one hundred percent right. In
early 1950, officials ……………………………. (tell) the media that the United States would not fight in
Korea. In 1964, U.S. President Lyndon Johnson …………………………… (promise) that he would not
send American troops to fight wars in Asia. Iraq …………………………. (not be) on any American’s list
of enemies in 1990; after all, the United States …………………………… (help) that country in its war
against Iran a decade before. And few people …………………… (anticipate) the U.S. invasion of
Afghanistan in 2001.
NEW TENSES TO TALK ABOUT THE FUTURE
To express certainty (something almost sure to happen), make predictions based on present, concrete
evidence or plans we use Am/Are/Is (Not) Going To + Infinitive Verb
- In the near future, soldiers are going to use AI. They aren’t going to fight hand to hand any more
Questions: (Wh) Am/Is/Are (not) + Subject + going to infinitive + …?
- Is technology going to replace soldiers?
- How are soldiers going to fight?
To make predictions about the future with no concrete evidence in the present (something that may /
probably happen or not) we use Will + Infinitive Verb or Will Not = Won’t
- (probably / maybe) Factors, such as urbanization, will change war. The presence of soldiers won’t be
necessary
Questions: (WH) Will (not) +subject + bare infinitive + …?
Will soldiers use GPS technology? What will rations contain?
Also, to make suppositions about the future, the FIRST TYPE CONDITIONAL can be used.
Subject + will (not) + bare infinitive + … IF + Subject + simple present verb form + …
-If the army uses robots at war, fewer soldiers will die.
Questions: (WH) Will (not) +subject + bare infinitive +… IF + Subject + simple present verb form + …?
-What will happen if robots are used at war? Will fewer soldiers die?
Now, write 3 examples of your own
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
32
GRAMMAR PRACTICE
Complete the sentences with an appropriate future form. Choose between the Future Simple and
the Future Continuous (will or be going to). More than one answer may be correct.
1. You look hungry; I _________________________ (make) you a sandwich.
2. John and I probably _________________________ (not / come) to the party because the weather is
awful and it _________________________ (rain).
3. I can’t have lunch at 2:00 because I _________________________ (have) an operation at that time.
4. I _______________ (celebrate) my birthday at a beautiful restaurant and then I ______________ (fly)

to Europe.
5. The class _________________________ (take) an exam at 9:00 tomorrow morning.
6. Promise me you _________________________ (not / call) before 10; I hate being woken up early!
7. Sarah and Frank _________________________ (go) to the gym after work today.
8. You guys _________________________ (have) a great time in the Bahamas! I’m sure
9. I _________________________ (sleep) so please be silent when you arrive.
10. If she arrives late again, the director _________________________ (not let) her enter the classroom.
33

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COLEGIO MILITAR DE LA NACIÓN

MILITARY ACADEMY OF ARGENTINA

Shall I compare thee?

1. Read the following text. Notice the words in bold.

THE STRONGEST FORCE IN THE WORLD

The Army is one of the largest and most important government

The U.S. Army is made up of the most dedicated, most respected

2. - Read each statement. Circle T for true and F for false.

a. This text is about the American Army. T/F

b. It compares the American Army to the American Navy. T/F

d. An American soldier protects the world´s freedom T /F

3. - Find these sentences in the article. Write the missing words

 The Army is one of …………………………………………….government organizations in the United States.

 The U.S. Army is made up of …………………………………………….soldiers in the world

 The American Army is large / larger than the Argentine Army

 American soldiers are more respected than / respected British soldiers

6. - Which adjectives add MORE? Circle the correct answer.

Which adjectives add –ER Circle the correct answer?

 Argentine soldiers are as brave as American soldiers equal/not equal

 The Army is as strong as the Navy equal/not equal

1) What´s your date of birth? Picture:

Section B: Grammar Practice

To compare two people, places or things. Adj + er + than

To describe a person, a place or an object The + adj + est

To show equality As + adj + as

ADJECTIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

GOOD BETTER THE BEST

I. READ THE TEXT AND MAKE THE RIGHT CHOICE

FINAL TASK: #TenYearsChallenge

Physical features – school – homework – summer holidays– Christmas – sport abilities –

You can use these phrases as a starting point:

Ten years ago, I was … years old.

When I was at school, …

I used to see myself … but others saw me …

I used to think that …

During my summer holidays, I was …

Before and now

A) Read the text and complete the chart below.

appointed assigned deployed graduated joined served

Lieutenant Colonel Juan Pablo de la Vega 1)…………………..the Argentine Army

LISTEN to your teacher and write /d/ or /id/

1- Alan graduated…………….NCO school at the age of 22.

ENLISTMENT TRAINING ASSIGNMENT MILITARY RANK

the basic Second

My instructor officer joined the Army in (year) when he was (age).... He

Section B: Talking about incidents in the past.

A) Read the following text.

B) Say if the following statements are True or False.

1- The pilot could open the parachute immediately.

3- Stopped working ………………………………….

1- Where did it happen? 1-Where did it happen?

I was too high. TOO + ADJECTIVE

B) What do the prepositions and adverbs in the following phrases indicate?

He jumped out of the plane. VERB + PREPOSITION

look for - look up - look out - look after

1- What happened? (Main actions)

Section C: Integration period.

OPERATION LEOPARD, KOLWEZI 1978

EVENT TIME DATE

2- The movement order came into 2REP´s headquarters.

3- The convoy arrived at Solenzara airbase.

4- 2 REP arrived in Kinshasha.

C) Read the text again and answer the following questions.