AHS PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2008

ANSWER SCHEME
SEC 4 CHEMISTRY (PAPER 1); 5072 / 1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
C C A C D D B C D D
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
C C D B A D A A D C
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
C C D B D D A B B D
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
A D D B B B D C B A

SEC 4 CHEMISTRY (PAPER 2); 5072 / 2

SECTION A:

A1. (a) Methane; (b) chlorofluorocarbons; (c) lead(II) nitrate; (d) phosphorus(V) oxide.

A2. (a)
Number of Number of Number of
protons electrons neutrons
39
19 K 19 19 20
40
19 K 19 19 21

(b) A very vigorous/violent reaction takes place with the occurrence of an

effervescence. Potassium floats on the surface of water and the gas evolved
burns with a blue flame.

(c) (i) 2K = 2OH- ,

# mol of K = 0.195/39 = 0.00500
# mol of OH- = 0.00500
(ii) # mol of H+ = 0.100 x 100 = 0.0100 (3 s.f.)
1000
(iii) H+ + OH- → H2O
(iv) pH = 1 or 2 since an excess of 0.005 mol of H + ions were left behind after
the neutralization has taken place completely.
A3. (a) Correct structure with outer shell electrons only and bonding .

(b) H2O2 is reduced. The oxidation state of oxygen is reduced from -1 in H 2O2 to -2 in
H2O. I- is oxidized to become I2 because there is an increase in the oxidation state
of iodine from -1 to 0. Thus, it is a redox reaction.

A4. (a) Ethanoic acid is a weak acid/partially ionises. There is a low concentration of ions
with fewer number of ions available to conduct electricity.
(b) CH3COOH (aq) + NaOH (aq) → CH3COONa (aq) + H2 O (I)
All state symbols must be correct.
(c) The salt CH3COONa formed is soluble/fully ionises. Thus, there is a higher
concentration/numerous number of mobile ions that results in an increase in
conductivity. In addition, NaOH is a strong alkali /fully ionises, so there are
numerous number of mobile ions present to conduct electricity.
(d) 40 cm3

A5. (a) Zn (s) + I2 (aq) → Zn2+ (aq) + 2I- (aq)

(b) (i) Zinc because the final mass of zinc > 0.
(ii) Final mass of zinc level higher, gradient less steep

(c) Addition of aqueous ammonia to the sample.

White ppt, soluble in excess aq. ammonia. (Both must be correct.)

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A6. (a) To allow the ions to be transported between the two aqueous electrolytes.
(b) B

(c) (i) Cu2+ (aq) + 2e → Cu (s)

(ii) Zn(s) → Zn2+ (aq) + 2e
(d) Blue solution gradually lightens and becomes colourless / decolourised.
A reddish-brown deposit / pink deposit is observed.

A7. (a) C2H4 + H2 → C2H6

(b) Energy absorbed to break the bonds in C2H4 & H2 = (600 + 4 x 435) + 436
= 2776kJ
Energy released when bonds in ethane are formed = 348 + (6 x 435)
= 2958kJ
Enthalpy change, ΔH = + 2776 - 2958 = - 182 (kJ)
(c) Correct energy profile diagram with Ea & ΔH correctly labelled.

(d) (i) A reaction in which a large number of similar small molecules with C=C
bonds joined up together to form a gigantic molecule or Many small
unsaturated molecules chemically combined to form a gigantic molecule.

(ii) Correct structure of ethene molecules & polyethene shown,

A8. (a) A gas, carbon dioxide, is produced and its escape into the air causes the loss in
mass.
(b) To absorb the acid spray to prevent any loss of mass which leads to the
inaccuracy in measurement.
(c) (i) Experiment II; There was a greater loss in mass of 8.3g from the
Experiment II than that from the Experiment I.
(ii) Experiment II; Since Experiment II had the faster speed of reaction and
higher concentration of the acid led to faster reaction as a result of more
collisions happened.
(e) Powdered calcium carbonate will react faster than lumps of calcium carbonate.
Powdered form has larger surface area for contact and will lead to more frequent
collisions between reacting particles and hence a faster reaction takes place.

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A9. (a) Carbon monoxide might be formed due to the incomplete combustion of
hydrocarbon. CuO is used to convert carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide through
a redox reaction.
(b) To remove/absorb all water moisture formed during combustion.
(c) CO2 is acidic and sodium hydroxide is basic/alkaline.
(d) Oxygen

SECTION B:

B10. (a) Eddium, Alexium, Davium, Bobium, Charium

(b) Da2O3
(c) 2Da+ 3O 2-
key: x – electron of oxygen;
o – electron of Da.
(d) (i) Forms coloured compound.
(ii) Iron
(iii) Fe + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2
(iv) Add dilute sodium hydroxide to a sample of the green solution. When this
mixture is filtered, the residue is the green precipitate [iron (II) hydroxide]
and the filtrate is a colourless solution (NaCl).
(v) Iron(II) hydroxide is oxidized by oxygen in air to form iron(III) hydroxide.

B11. (a) H+
(b) (i) # moles of Mg = 0.24 = 0.0100 (mol)
24
# moles of HCl = 5.0 x 2.0 = 0.0100 (mol)
1000
But Mg Ξ 2HCl
1 mol 2mol
Hence, only 0.00500 mole of Mg reacts with 0.0100 mole of HCl.
Mg is in excess.
(ii) Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2
1mol 1 mol
0.00500mol 0.00500 mol
Mass of 0.00500 mole of MgCl2 = 0.00500 x (24 + 35.5 x2)
= 0.475 (g) [3 significant figures]
(iii) # mole of CH3COOH used = 5.0 x 2.0 = 0.0100 (mol)
1000
Hence, the same number of moles of CH3COOH was used to produce the
same volume of H2 gas.
Ethanoic acid (CH3 COOH) is a weak acid and it ionises partially to give a
low concentration of H+ ions. Hence, the reaction is slower than that using
HCl(aq).
(c) (i) Na2CO3 + 2CH3COOH → 2CH3COONa + H2O + CO2
(ii) The carbonate dissolved and an effervescence occurred rapidly.

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EITHER
B12. (a) Halogens.
(b) Their electronic structures have seven valence/outer electrons.
(c)

(d) WCl2 has a gigantic ionic crystal lattice structure with positive ion, W2+, and
negative ion, Cl- , held together strongly by electrostatic forces of attraction. Thus it
requires a lot more heat energy to break down this giant structure.that results in
having a very high boiling point.
YCl2 has a simple molecular structure with molecules held by weak intermolecular
forces which requires little heat energy to separate these molecules, thus it has a
relatively low melting point.

OR
B12. (a) (i) In solid sodium chloride, the ions are held together tightly by strong
electrostatic forces and hence the ions are immobile.
In aqueous sodium chloride, all the ions become mobile that thus
leads to its ability to conduct electricity.
(ii) Electrode X : 2Cl- → Cl2 + 2e
Electrode Y : 2H+ + 2e → H2
(iii) Red litmus solution turns blue. Hydroxide ions left in the electrolyte
cause this change in colour of the litmus solution.

(b) (i) Butanal, CH3CH2CH2CHO

(iii) H
│
H─C─C=O
│ │
H O─H
(iv) Reaction with steam in the presence of phosphoric(V) acid as a
catalyst at a high temperature of 300oC and high pressure of 70atm.
(v) Using acidified potassium dichromate(VI) or potassium
permanganate(VII).
(vi) Propyl ethanoate.

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