22.02.

2008 m‹W ÂU¢Á ghuÂjhr‹ gšfiy¡fHf¤Âš bgçah® cauhŒÎ ikaK«,

kfëçaš JiwÍ« ÏizªJ el¤Âa `bgçah® m«ng¤f® : Ï‹iwa bghU¤j¥ghL’
bghU¤j¥ghL’ v‹w
jiy¥Ãyhd Áw¥ò¢brh‰bghêéš g§nf‰W k¤Âa bjhiy¤ bjhl®ò k‰W« jftš
bjhêš E£g¤Jiw mik¢r® M. Ïuhrh mt®fŸ M‰¿a ciu.

ெபைமமிக பாரதிதாச பகைலகழகதி ெபயா உயரா

மயதி சாப நைடெபகிற ெபயா அேபக இைறய ெபாத"பா#
எற தைல"பலான இ&தகதர'கததி(ைடய தைலவ
பகைலகழகதி(ைடய பதிவாள ேபராசிய Ïuhjh»UZz‹ அவகேள,
வரேவ,-ைர நிக.தியகிற /ைனவ மணேமகைல அவகேள, அறி/கைர
ஆ,றியகிற வணகதி,2 ெபமதி"ப,2 உய சீய சி&தைனயாள
அயா எ4.வ.ஆ அவகேள, பகைலகழக ேத ெநறியாள ேபராசிய
பால6"பரமணய அவகேள ெப&திரளாக கல&7ெகா89க:9ய
ேபராசியகேள, என7 அ-2ய மாணவ க8மணகேள, பதிைகயாளகேள,
ெபேயாகேள தாமாகேள அைனவ2 வணக.
bghU¤j¥ghL’ எ(
`bgçah® m«ng¤f® : Ï‹iwa bghU¤j¥ghL’ தைல"ப ஒ
பகைலகழகதி ஒ கதர'க ஏ,பா# ெசய"ப=# அ&த கதர'கதி
இ>வள எ8ணைகய மாணவக? கல&7ெகா89கிறாக? எப7
இைறய @ழலி நா எதிபாகாத ஒ எற காரணதினா நா உ'கைள
/தலி வண'2கிேற.

ெபயா அேபக ெபாதி"பா"பத,2 அ"பா mt®fŸ

இைற2 ேதைவயா எற வனா இ&த தைல/ைற2 /னா
ைவக"ப#கிற இ&த@ழலி இ>வள எ8ணைகய மாணவக? ஆவேதா#
வ&திகிறAகேள எகிற அ&த உணைவ நா ெபகிறேபா7 ெபயா
அேபக இ( சாகவைல அவக? உயேரா# இகிறாக?,
ÏU¡f¥ngh»wh®fŸ எகிற நபைகைய நா ெபகிேற.

e«Kila Áªjidahs®, bgçat® v°.é.uh#Jiu mt®fŸ Ϫj r_f¤Â‰F

tH§»æU¡»w mU§bfhilfshf gšntW üšfis c§fëš gy® m¿ªÂU¡f¡TL«.
eh‹ mid¤J üšfisÍ« f‰wt‹. mtUila thœehëš Ïªj r_f« bgçah®
m«ng¤f® bfhŸiffisÍ« jh§»¥Ão¤J xU m§FykhtJ ca®ªJ élhjh v‹»w
V¡f¤Âš j‹ thœeh£fis t¤Â¡F¢Áfshf¡ »ê¤J¥ngh£L¡bfh©oU¡f¡Toa xU
Áªjidahs®. vdnt mt® T£oæU¡»‹w Ϫj ãfœ¢Áæš gšntW gâfS¡»ilna
c§fis rªÂ¡»‹w Ϫj ešy thŒ¥ig tH§»a gšfiy¡fHf¤Â‰F, gÂths®
cŸë£l mid¤J¤Jiw¥ bgUk¡fS¡F« v‹Dila e‹¿a¿jiy Kjèš eh‹
bjçé¤J¡bfhŸs éU«ò»nw‹.

bgçah® m«ng¤f® v‹D« ÏUjiyt®fis¥ g‰¿¥ ngR»wnghJ Ϫj¤

jiyt®fS¡»ilna tªJ ngh»w Áy jiyt®fis¥ g‰¿a ék®rd« - k¤Âæny
mik¢ruhf ÏU¡»w eh‹ Ϫj¤ jiy¥Ãny ngr ÏU¡»w fhuz¤Âdhš - Áy
jiyt®fis¥g‰¿ m§bfh‹W« ϧbfh‹Wkhf Ϫj ÏUbgU« jiyt®fŸ
brhšèaij¢ brhšynt©oa f£lha« V‰g£lhš khzt®fnsh, g¤Âçifahs®fnsh
mij¤ jå¤jåahf m¥gona gh®¡fnt©Lnk jéu mijna mªj¤ jiyt®fS¡F
ÏU¡»w milahskhf vL¤J¡bfhŸs¡TlhJ v‹gij v‹Dila ciuæ‹
bjhl¡f¤Ânyna eh‹ brhšè¡bfhŸs éU«ò»‹nw‹. Vbd‹whš, xU muÁaš
T£l¤Âš bgçahiu¥ ngRtbj‹gJ ntW, xU r_f¡ T£l¤Âš mšyJ xU
bghUshjhu¡ T£l¤Âš m«ng¤fçDila j¤Jt§fis vL¤Jit¥gbj‹gJ ntW.
Mdhš gšfiy¡fHf khzt®fS¡F K‹dhš ÏUbgU« jiyt®fis¡ bfh©L tªJ
ãW¤JtJ v‹gJ, mJΫ xU muÁašthÂah»a eh‹ bfh©L tªJ ãW¤JtJ v‹gJ
ntW. v‹idÍ« m¿ahkš Ïuæš jl« òu©LéLnkh v‹w ga¤njhL eh‹ ϧF
ã‹Wbfh©oU¡»nw‹. Vbd‹whš Ϫj Ïu©L ÏuæšfS« - bgçah® m«ng¤f®
v‹»‹w Ïu©L ÏuæšfS« - xUf£L¡FŸ ml§fhj ÏuæšfŸ vªj
j©lths¤Â‰F« f£L¥glhj Ïu©L ÏuæšfŸ. vªj¤ j©lths¤Â‰F« f£L¥glhj
Ïu©L Ïuæšfis j©lths¤njhL Toa xU ngh¡fhd xU ngh¡»‰F bfh©LtªJ
ãW¤JtJ v‹gJ m¿th®ªj ntiyah, Mg¤jhd ntiyah v‹W vd¡F¤bjçahJ.
Mdhš c¤juit v°.é. uh#Jiu mŒah mt®fŸ Ãw¥Ã¤ÂU¡»w fhuz¤Âdhš eh‹
Ka‰Á brŒ»nw‹ m›tsÎ jh‹.

M§»y¤Âny brhšYth®fŸ comparision is always odious xUtiu

Ï‹bdhUtnuhL x¥ÃLtJ v‹gJ mtiu ò©gL¤J»w khÂç ÏU¡F«. Ú Ïuh#hit¥
nghš Ïšiy v‹W brh‹dhš mšyJ Ïuh#h 31 taš 32 taš mik¢r® M»é£lh‹
Ú V‹ mik¢r® Mféšiy v‹W ahuhtJ v‹Dila tF¥ò¤ njhHiu¥gh®¤J
mtUila jhŒ jªija® nf£lhš nf£gj‰F Ïå¥ghf ÏU¡F« Mdhš mªj x¥òik
odious ò©gL¤j¡Toajhf ÏU¡F«. Mdhš comparision of values is something productive
v‹W brhšYth®fŸ Ïu©L kåj®fë‹ kÂ¥ÕLfis jå¤jåahf x¥ÕL
brŒtbj‹gJ ntW, neuoahf xU kåjid Ï‹bdhU kåjndhL nr®¤J¥ gh®¥gJ
v‹gJ ntW.

vdnt mªj¡ nfhz¤Âš bgçahiuÍ« m«ng¤fiuÍ« eh« ϧnf gh®¡f

ÏU¡»nwh«. ÏÂny bgçahU« m«ng¤fU« Ku©g£L ã‰f¡ Toa Ïl§fŸ Tl c©L.
bgçahiuÍ« m«ng¤fiuÍ« Ku©gL¤Â¥ gh®¤jt®fŸ Tl Áy Ïl§fëš bgçahiuÍ«
m«ng¤fiuÍ« x¥ò¡bfh©oU¡»wh®fŸ. bgçahiu¥ g‰¿¢ brhšynt©Lbk‹whš,
f©zjhr‹ m®¤jKŸs ϪJ kj¤ij vGÂat®. j‹ thœehbsšyh« f©z‹jh‹
j‹id¡ fh¥gh‰w nt©Lbk‹W j‹Dila filÁ eh£fis¡ fê¤jt®. ϪJ kj¤ij¤
ö¡» ãW¤Âat®. Mdhš thœehbsšyh« ϪJ kj« nt©lhbk‹W brh‹d bgçah®
kç¤j nghJ mªj¡ f©zjhr‹ ghodh‹

rç¤Âu« kiwªj brŒÂ jiytå‹ kuz¢brŒÂ

éç¤jnjh® ò¤jf¤Â‹ Åœ¢Áia¡ TW« brŒÂ
eç¤jd« fy§f¢brŒj ehaf‹ kuz¢ brŒÂ
kç¤jJ bgçahušy, khbgU« jäH® thœ¡if

v‹W Ko¤jh‹. flÎis e«ò»w, ϪJkj¤ij¥ ngh‰W»w f©zjhrnd Tl

bgçah® kç¤J¥ nghdj‰F¥ ÃwF kç¤jJ bgçahušy khbgU« jäH® thœ¡if v‹W
brh‹dh® v‹whš f©zjhr‹ ÏUéjkhd nfhz§fis¥ bg‰¿U¡»wh® v‹whY«
bgçahiu k¤ÂU¡»wh® v‹W bghUŸ. mij¥nghy m«ng¤fiu ék®rd« brŒjt®fŸ
ÏU¡»wh®fŸ. flΟ bgaiu eh¡»Y«, f£lhçia¡ f¡f¤ÂY« it¤ÂU¡»w xU
MS¡F¥ bga® kfh¤kh v‹whš a person who is keeping god’s name in his tongue, keeping
knife in his armpit is deserved for appellation of Mahatma, then Mohandass Karamsanth Gandhi
is also a Mahatma v‹W m«ng¤f® brhš»wh® flΟ bgaiu eh¡»Y«, f£lhçia¡
f¡f¤ÂY« it¤ÂU¡»w xU MS¡F¥ bga® kfh¤kh v‹whš nkhf‹jh° fu«rª¤
fhªÂÍ« kfh¤khjh‹ v‹W bfh^ukhd ék®rd¤ij K‹it¤jt® m«ng¤f®. Mdhš
mªj m«ng¤fiu¥ gh®¤J Ú§fŸ xU äf¥bgça njrg¡j® c§fis¥ ngh‹w xU
njÁathÂia eh‹ gh®¤jšiy v‹W fhªÂ brhšY»wh®. mjdhšjh‹ brhšY»nw‹
comparison is sometimes odious x¥ÕL v‹gJ Áy neu§fëš ò©gL¤J« vdnt, mtiu
mtuhfnt gh®¥gJ v‹w mªj¡ nfhz¤Âšjh‹ Ϫj¡ fU¤ju§»š eh‹ fyªJ bfhŸs
éU«ò»nw‹. Ϫj Ïu©L jiyt®fS« j‹id¥g‰¿ gçnrhjid brŒJ
bfh©lt®fŸ. Raés«òif brŒJ bfh©lt®fŸ. F¿¥ghf¢ brhšynt©Lbk‹W
brh‹dhš, bgçah®
 ``eh‹ ah®? <.nt.Ïuhkrhä v‹»w eh‹, Âuhél rKjha¤ij¤ ÂU¤Â cyf¤Âny
ÏU¡»w Ãw rKjha¤ij¥nghš khdK« m¿Î« cŸs rKjhakhf M¡F»w bjh©oid
nk‰ngh£L¡bfh©oU¡»nw‹. Ϫj¤ bjh©oid¢ brŒtj‰F vd¡F nah¡»aij
ÏU¡»wnjh Ïšiynah Mdhš Ïij brŒtj‰F ntW ahU« K‹tuhj fhuz¤Âdhš
eh‹ brŒJ bfh©oU¡»nw‹’’

- ÏJ bgçah® j‹id¥g‰¿¢ brhšè¡bfh©oU¡»w Ra Ãufld«. mij¥nghš

m«ng¤f® xU Ïl¤Âš brhšY»wh®:

I am not a worshipper of idol -eh‹ Áiyfis, flÎis tz§F»wt‹ mšy. I

believe destruction of idols- eh‹ flÎis Áiyfis mê¥gij xU bjhêyhf
e«Ã¡ifahf¡ bfh©oU¡»wt‹.

v‹W brhšèé£L Û©L« brhš»wh®…Û©L« mt® brhšY»‹wh®:

I hate Gandhi and his philosophy of Hinduism eh‹ fhªÂiaÍ« mt® rh®ªÂU¡»w
ϪJær¤ijÍ« btW¡»nw‹ Vbd‹whš fhªÂia¥ ghuh£LtJ v‹gJ ntW, njr¤Â‰F
ey‹ brŒtJ v‹gJ ntW, ntW ntW k£Lkšy Áy neu§fëš Ïit vÂU« òÂUkhf
ÏU¡»‹wd v‹W mt® brhš»wh®. I love India mjdhšjh‹ brhšY»wh® worship of
Gandhi and loving this nation are two distinct and different things and sometimes afford equally
opposite v‹W F¿¥ÃL»wh®. Mf Ï¥go¥g£l xU Nœãiyæšjh‹ Ïu©L jiyt®fS«
Ϫj k©âš thœªÂU¡»wh®fŸ. Ï‹bdh‹W Ï‹iw¡F¥ bgçah® ah®, m«ng¤f® ah®
v‹»‹w Áªjidæš Ïªj Ïu©L js¤ÂY« Áy ntWghLfis¡ bfh©LtU»wh®fŸ.
bgçahU¡FŸS« m«ng¤fU¡FŸS« ngh»w nghJ eh« äf¤bjëthf ÏU¡f nt©L«.
Ïu©L ngU¡F« X®ik c©L. ÏUtU« x‹whf¢ ÁªÂ¤j Ïl§fŸ c©L. Ïu©L
ngU¡F« ntWghLfS« ÏU¡»wJ. eh« kWjè¤Jél KoahJ.

bgçah® vªj¥ g‰W¡F« M£glhjt®, vªj¥ g‰W¡F« M£glhj j‹id Âuhél

Á¤jhªj« v‹w r£lf¤J¡FŸ it¤J¡bfh©lJ c©ikjh‹. Mdhš m«ng¤fU¡F
mªj¡f£lha« njit¥gléšiy. Ï‹D« eh‹ brhšynt©Lbk‹W brh‹dhš ϪÂ
v®¥ò¥ nghuh£l¤Âš fyªJbfhŸtj‰F¥ jªijbgçahU¡F Ïu©L _‹W fhuz§fŸ
ÏUªÂU¡»wJ. Mdhš ϪÂjh‹ Ϫj k©â‰F M£Ábkhêahf, bghJ bkhêahf
ÏU¡f nt©Lbk‹W gÂÎ brŒjt® m«ng¤f®. ntWghLjh‹. òçªJ bfhŸs nt©L«.

I need a strong centre v‹W brh‹dt® m«ng¤f®. äf K¡»akhd Ïl¤ÂèU¡»w

kŒa muR¡F mÂf mÂfhu§fŸ njit v‹W brh‹dt® m«ng¤f®. Mdhš
khãy§fS¡F mÂf mÂfhu« njit v‹W nghuhoa Ïa¡f§fS¡F jªijahf
ÏUªjt® jªij bgçah®. Ïitbašyh« ÏU¡»‹w ntWghLfŸ. xU fhyf£l¤Âš
`jäœehL jäHU¡nf’ v‹W nf£lt® jªij bgçah®. m¥go¥g£l Ãçéidia m«ng¤f®
xU ehS« V‰W¡bfh©lšiy. Vbd‹whš mªj¤ js¤Âš mt® Ïa§F»w nghJ ,
jè¤ éLjiy v‹W tU»wnghJ mšyJ khål éLjiy v‹W tU»wnghJ Ϫj
ónfhs mik¥ò v‹»‹w všiy¡nfhLfis¤ jh©o, jh‹ vªj Ïd« v‹»‹w
milahs¤ij¤ jh©o¢ bršy nt©oæUªjJ. Âuhél Ïd milahs¤ij¡Tl
jªij bgçah® xU bgUikä¡f milahskhf¢ brhšè¡bfhŸséšiy.

eh‹ Ϫj Ïl¤Âny x‹iw¢ brhšynt©L«. f©z»¡F¢ Áiy it¤jnghJ

jªij bgçah® mij V‰W¡bfhŸséšiy. Vbd‹whš bg©fis moik¥gL¤J»‹w
xU weapon, xU fUé f‰ò, f‰ò v‹whš mJ MQ¡F« ÏU¡f nt©L«. eh‹
v‹déjkhd xG¡f¤ij v‹d éjkhd el¤ijia Ïuh#Jiu mt®fŸ v‹ÛJ
fh£lnt©Lbk‹W v©Q»nwndh mij eh‹ mtçl¤ÂnyÍ« fh£lnt©L«,
k‰wtU¡F« fh£lnt©L«. mJ jh‹ f‰ò, mJjh‹ xG¡f«, xG¡f¤J¡F buh«g
vëikahf és¡f« brh‹dh® bgçah®: ``eh‹ c‹ål« v‹d v®gh®¡»nwndh mij Ú
v‹ål« v®gh®¥gj‰F« Ï‹bdhUtål« eh‹ v®gh®¥gj‰F« x‹whf
ÏU¡fnt©L«. ÏJjh‹ xG¡f«’’. mªj mo¥gilæš f©z»¡F Áiy
it¥gij¡Tl jªij bgçah® ék®Á¤jh®. Mdhš m©zh ntW éjkhf¢ brh‹dh®.
f‰ò c©lh Ïšiyah v‹gJ ntW, f©z» f‰ò¡F muÁah v‹gJ ntW , Mdhš Ϫj
k©âš xUfyh¢rhu¥ gilbaL¥ò elªÂU¡»wJ. xU ca®ªj br«khªj thœ¡if,
xUtD¡F xU¤Âjh‹ thHnt©Lbk‹»‹w thœ¡if . xU ntis éjitah»é£lhš
mªj éjitia kWkz« nt©Lbk‹»‹w cçikTl Ϫj bjhš rKjha¤Âš
ÏUªÂU¡»w Ϫj jäœ rKjha¤Âš ÂObu‹W `ItD¡F« njé mêahj g¤Âå’ v‹W
Âbusg m«kD¡F¡ nfhæš f£lnt©oa mtÁa« v‹d? Ϫj¡ fyh¢rhu¥
gilbaL¥ig kW¥gj‰fhf¤jh‹ f©z»¡F eh‹ Áiy it¡»nw‹. f©z»¡F Áiy
Ϫj Âuhél Ïa¡f¤Â‰F mtÁa¥g£lj‰F¡ fhuz« , ÏJ v§fŸ milahs«, ÏJ
v§fŸ ehfßf«, ÏJ v§fŸ g©ghL, tuyhW v‹W brhštj‰F xU m©zh Ϫj
k©â‰F mtÁa¥g£ljhf m©zh fU¡bfh©lh®. vdnt Âuhél r£lf« v‹»‹w
r£lf¤Â‰FŸ bgçah® j‹id ml¡»¡bfh©lj‰F¡ fhuz« MçaU¡F v®¥ò,
Ï‹D« bjëthf¢ brhšy¥nghdhš Ãuhkz®fS¡F v®js¤Âš Ïa§Ftj‰F xU
milahs« njit¥g£lJ m›tsÎ jh‹. mj‰fhf Âuhél® mšyhj xU rKjha« Ϫj
k©âny thH¡TlhJ v‹nwh, mt®fS¡F cçika‰W¥ nghŒélnt©Lbk‹nwh
bgçah® xU nghJ« fUÂat® mšy.

vd¡F bkhê¥g‰W »ilahJ, eh£L¥g‰W »ilahJ, njÁa¡bfho v‹ nfhtz¤

Jâ, ϪÂa tiugl¤ij vç¥ng‹

v‹W vijbašyh« vç¡fKoªjnjh mijbašyh« brŒjt® jªij bgçah®.

Ï‹D« Tl eh‹ brhšYnt‹. xU fhy¤Âš Ϫj eh£o‹ ÛJ Ódh gilbaL¤J tªj
nghJ Ϫj eh£oYŸs jiyt®fbsšyh« J©nlªÂ tNš brŒjh®fŸ. Âuhél
K‹nd‰w¡ fHf¤ÂDila jiyt® ngu¿P® m©zh c£gl. Mdhš bgçah® mªj¡
fhça¤ij¢ brŒaéšiy. eh‹ f®¥g¡»uf¤Â‰FŸns ngh»nw‹ v‹W brh‹dh®.
g¤Âçifahs®fŸ nf£lh®fŸ, Ódh gilbaL¤J tU»wJ, ehL g¿ngh»wJ, Ú§fŸ
Ï¥nghJjh‹ #hÂia xê¡»nw‹. kj¤ij xê¡»nw‹ v‹»Ö®fns v‹W nf£l nghJ
bgçah® brh‹dh®:

`xU
xU ntis Ódh¡fhu‹ gilbaL¤J tªJ v‹Dila N¤Âu¥g£l« nghF
khdhš , gw, gŸS g£l« nghFkhdhš mtidÍ« tunt‰gj‰F eh‹ jah®’
jah®’

v‹W brhšYtj‰F xnu xU jiyt‹ jh‹ Ϫj k©âny ÏUªjh®. vdnt

ÏUtU« ntWg£l milahs§fnshL ÏUªj jiyt®fŸ. m«ng¤f® njÁa¤ij
éU«Ãat®, bgçah® njÁa¤ij éU«Ãat® mšy. njÁa« xU f‰Ãj« v‹W brh‹dt®,
eh£L¥g‰W bghŒ v‹W brh‹dt®, ne‰Wtiu gh»°jh‹ e«nkhL ÏUªjJ, ehis¡F
mJ ÃçªJnghŒ é£lhš mj‹ÛJ« eh£L¥g‰W cd¡F tUkh vd¡ nf£lt®. vdnt
bgçahU¡F eh£L¥g‰W »ilahJ, bgçahU¡F bkhê¥g‰W »ilahJ. c©ikæš ÏªÂ
v®¥ò¥ nghuh£l¤ijnaTl jäœ nkš ÏU¡»w fhjyhš jªij bgçah® brŒaéšiy,
Ϫ ϧF tªJél¡Tlhnj v‹»‹w mªj ntf¤Âšjh‹ jªij bgçah® brŒ»‹wh®.
mj‰F xU mUikahd jiya§f¤ijna Ô£odh®. jªij bgçah® vGÂa
jiya§f§fëny x‹W Ïu©L cz®¢Á¥ó®tkhdit. ehf«ik kiwªj nghJ vªj¡
fztD« m¥go vGj KoahJ. j‹Dila Jizéah® kiwªj bghGJ vGÂdh®:

``vd¡F ÏU¡»w xnu jilÍ« nghŒé£lJ, v‹Dila Rf« nghŒé£lJ vd¢

brhšntdh? brh¤J¥ nghŒé£lJ vd¢ brhšntdh? vd¡F ÏUªj xnu xU ey‹
nghŒé£lJ v‹W brhšntdh? ehf«ik thœªjJ vd¡fhfnt jéu jd¡fhf mšy’
v‹bwšyh« F¿¥Ã£L é£L¢ brhš»wh®:ÏUªjhY« xêªjJ, Ï‹nwhL vd¡»Uªj xU
jil xêªjJ. Ïånkš Ϫj¤ j䜢rKjha¤Â‰fhf v‹ thœeh£fis
m®¥gâ¡f¥ngh»nw‹.

kidé Ïwªj nghJ Tl Ï¥go xU f£Liuia xU jiytdhš vGj

KoÍbk‹»‹w tuyhW bgçahU¡F c©L. mªj¥ bgçah® kiwkiyaofS¡F xU
Kiw xU foj« vGÂdh®: eh‹ c§fis¥ gšntW éjkhf ék®Á¤ÂU¡»nw‹.
c§fSila
c§fSila irt¡nfh£ghL ÛJ vd¡F
vd¡F e«Ã¡if Ïšiy. Ú§fŸ ngR»‹w jå¤jäœ
ÛJ v§fS¡F e«Ã¡if Ïšiy. Vbd‹whš jå¤j䜡
jå¤j䜡 nfh£ghL v‹gJ
Ãuhkz®fS¡F vÂu
vÂuhf irt ntshs¥ g©ghL v‹»‹w js¤njhL ã‹W nghŒé£lJ.
jå¤jäœ Ïa¡f« njitjh‹. jå¤jäœ Ïa¡f« vJtiu tªjJ v‹whš bkhêia¥
Ãç¤J¥ gh®¤jnj jéu ÑnH ÏU¡»w #h xêa nt©Lbk‹W éU«géšiy. mJ irt
ntshs¥ g©ghL v‹»‹w mªj¤ js¤njhL jå¤jäœ Ïa¡f« ã‹W nghŒ é£lJ.
Ïij jªij bgçahuhš V‰W¡ bfhŸs Koaéšiy. Mdhš, c§fŸ ÛJ vd¡F ãiwa
fU¤J khWghL c©L, c§fnshL cl‹glhj js§fŸ ãiwa c©L, v‹whY« jäiH
eh« fh¥gh‰wnt©oaj‰F¡ fhuz«, jäH®fŸ j§fSila thœthjhu¤ij ÏHªJ
éLth®fŸ, jäœ bkhê Ïšyhé£lhš jäœ k¡fŸ Rãrkhf thHKoahJ v‹gj‰fhf
c§fis miH¡»nw‹. flªj fhy¤Âš jtW brŒÂUªjhš mŒah mt®fŸ k‹å¤J
mUS§fŸ v‹W vGÂat® jªij bgçah®. Mf eh‹ Ï›tsÎ ólf« ngh£L¥
ngRtj‰F¡ fhuz«, m«ng¤f® Ïa§»a js« ntW, jªij bgçah® Ïa§»a js« ntW,
Ït®fS¡FŸ ÏU¡»w X®ik ntW Ïl¤Âny tU»wJ. vÂny tU»wJ?

v°.é.M® mt®fŸ ϧnf F¿¥Ã£L¢ brh‹dh®fŸ. Annihllation of Caste

v‹»‹w ò¤jf¤ij¥g‰¿. Genesis, Mechanisism and Development of Caste in India v‹w
f£Liuia mt® vGJ»w nghJ mtU¡F taJ 25. 25 taš xU ÏisP‹ Ï¥go xU
MuhŒ¢Á¡ f£Liuia vGj KoÍkh v‹W ÏJtiu ahU¡F« bjçahJ. mtuhš
ga‹gL¤j¥g£l nk‰nfhŸfŸ v›tsÎ v‹gij ÏJtiu MH« gh®¤jt®fŸ Ïšiynah
vd v©Q»w msΡF m«ng¤fçDila m¿ÎE£g« mªj üšfëš btë¥gL»wJ.

Ï‹D« brhšy¥nghdhš 1857 Ïš 1856 Ïš Á¥ghŒ¡ fyf« elªj bghGJ

kjétfhu§fëš eh§fŸ jiyæl kh£nlh« v‹W btŸis¡fhu®fŸ ϪÂa¤
jiyt®fS¡F vG¡bfhL¤jh®fŸ. g‹¿¡ bfhG¥ig J¥gh¡»æny it¤jjhf¢
brhšy¥g£l bghGJ mij Ï°yhäa®fŸ x¥ò¡bfhŸs KoahJ v‹W brh‹dnghJ
xU äf¥bgça ÏuhQt¡fytu« bto¤jJ. Á¥ghŒfS¡FŸ fyf« tªj bghGJ
btŸis¡fhu murh§f« xU x¥òjY¡F tªjJ, c§fSila kj étfhu§fëš eh§fŸ
jiyæl kh£nlh« v‹W . Genesis, Mechanisism and Development of Caste in India
#hÂæDila njh‰wK« ts®¢ÁÍ« mJ Ïa§F»w KiwÍ« v‹W xU ò¤jf¤ij
m«ng¤f® 1916 Ïš vGJ»wh®. ϪÂahéš Kj‹Kjyhf¤ jilbrŒa¥g£l xU ò¤jf«
btŸis¡fhu murh§f¤jhš c©L v‹W brh‹dhš mJjh‹ mªj¥ ò¤jf«
ϪÂahéš Kj‹Kjyhf¤ jilbrŒa¥g£l m«ng¤fç‹ ò¤jf«jh‹ btŸis¡fhu
murh§f¤jhš xU ϪÂa® vG Kj‹Kjèš jilbrŒa¥g£l ò¤jf«. mªj¥
ò¤jf¤ij¤ jilbrŒa nt©Lbk‹W Privy Council v‹W brhšy¥gL»w c¢rÚÂ k‹w«
tiu br‹wd®. Ï‹iw¡F c¢rÚÂ k‹w« blšèæny ÏU¡»wJ. Mdhš m‹iw¡F
c¢rÚ k‹w« Privy Council v‹W brhšy¥g£l, ϧ»yhªÂny ÏUªj mªj c¢rÚÂk‹w«
tiu br‹W mªj¥ ò¤jf¤Â‰F¤ jil th§»dh®fŸ ϧnf ÏU¡»‹w Ãuhkz®fŸ.
Vbd‹whš mÂnyjh‹ #h v¥go¤ njh‹¿aJ ? mJ Ïa§F»w fhuz¤Âdhš
v‹bd‹d éisÎfŸ V‰gL»‹wd? v‹W brh‹dh®. mÂny xU Ïl¤Âny
brhšYth®Hindus are the only people in the world whose relation between man to man has been
consecrated as sacred, eternal and inviolative. cyf¤Âny ntWghLfŸ ÏU¡»wJ. Ãsh£nlh
vGÂa `Foaunr’ Division of Labour jh‹. Division of Labour v‹gJ ntW , Division of
Labourers v‹gJ ntW. bjhêiy¥ Ãç¥gbj‹gJ ntW, bjhêyhs®fis¥ Ãç¥gbj‹gJ
ntW. bjhêiy¥ Ãç¤jh®fŸ nkiy ehLfëš,
 eh‹Tl xUKiw btëeh£o‰F¢ br‹¿Uªnj‹. btëeh£o‰F¢ br‹¿UªJ,
xU IªJ e£r¤Âu nAh£lš miwæny eh‹ j§»æUªj nghJ , ÂObu‹W fjit¤
j£odh®fŸ khzt®fŸ. khzt®fŸ v‹W bjçahJ. Ïs« Ãuha¤Âny ÏU¡»‹w
bg©fŸ, M©fŸ všyh« ÂObu‹W fjit¤ j£odh®fŸ. c§fŸ miwia¢ R¤j«
brŒa¥ ngh»nwh« v‹W brh‹dh®fŸ. vd¡F xU rªnjf«. ahiu¥ gh®¤jhY« ekJ
ϪÂa‹ ò¤Â ÏU¡»wnj ek¡FŸ bjU¡T£o v‹whš Ï¥go¤jh‹ ÏU¥gh‹, njh£o
v‹whš Ï¥go¤jh‹ ÏU¥gh‹., v‹W e«ikÍ« m¿ahkš ekJ _is¡FŸ ÏU¡»w ò¤Â
m§nf btëna tªjJ. Ú§fbsšyh« ah®? c§fS¡F v›tsÎ r«gs« jU»wh®fŸ
v‹W mt®fis¥ gh®¤J eh‹ nf£nl‹. mt®fŸ cL¤ÂæUªj cil, mt®fŸ tªj
ehfßf«, mt®fŸ gH»a g©ghL Ït‰iwbašyh« gh®¤J v›tsÎ c§fS¡F r«gs«
v‹W nf£nl‹. Kjèš mt®fŸ nf£l nfŸé, Are you Indian ? Ú xU ϪÂadh? v‹W
nf£lh®fŸ, gçfhr¤njhL. V‹ v‹W nf£nl‹. ϪÂahéšjh‹ T£Ltj‰F«,
fGÎtj‰F« xU #h ÏU¡»wJ v‹W nfŸé¥g£nlh«, eh§fŸ g¡f¤Âny ÏU¡»w
kU¤Jt¡fšÿçæDila khzt®fŸ, Ϫj X£liy¡ F¤jif¡F vL¤ÂU¡»nwh«. xU
Kiw gfèY«, ÏuéY« R¤j« brŒJ é£L¥ nghdhš v§fS¡F gh¡bf£ kâ Ϥjid
lhy® »il¡»wJ. Ïij¤jh‹ eh§fŸ bgUikahf¡ fUJ»nwh« v‹W brhšY»‹w
kd¥gh§F mªj eh£oš ÏU¡»‹wJ.

vdnt m§F ryit¤ bjhêyhë ÏU¡»wh‹. Mdhš Ãw¥nghL mJ

Ko¢R¥nghl¥gléšiy. m§nf j¢r‹ ÏU¡»wh‹, Mdhš Ãw¥nghL mJ Ko¢R¥
nghl¥gléšiy. m§nf brU¥ò¤ ij¡»w bjhêyhë ÏU¡»wh‹. Mdhš mt‹
Ãw¥nghL Ko¢R¥nghl¥gléšiy. Ï‹iw¡F¢ brU¥ò¤ ij¡»w bjhêyhë ehis¡F¤
j‹Dila bjhêiy kh‰¿¡ bfhŸSth®. mjdhšjh‹ brh‹dh®, Division of Labour
v‹gJ ntW , Division of Labourers v‹gJ ntW. m«ng¤f® brhšYth®:

Hindus are the only people in the world whose relation between man to man has been
consecrated by the religion as inviolative and eternal kh‰w KoahJ. xUKiw xUt‹ ÃwªJ
é£lhš kh‰wKoahJ. Ú Ïªj #h v‹W ÃwªJ é£lhš eh‹ éU«ÃdhY«,
éU«ghé£lhY« kh‰w KoahJ.

mŒah »©lyhf¢ brhšYth®. ϪJ ah® v‹W és«gu« brhšY»w nghJ, ϪJ
ahbu‹W muÁaš r£l¤Âny, e«Kila ϪJ yhény brhšY»wnghJ, ah® ϪJ v‹W
brh‹dhš mŒah brhšY»wh®:

``ML vJ‹D nf£lh vJ‹D Ú rçah¢ brhšyDäšy? vJ khL Ïšiynah, vJ

nfhê Ïšiynah, vJ bfh¡F Ïšiynah mbjšyh« ML ‹D brh‹dh mt‹
ig¤Âa¡fhu‹y? ’’

mJ khÂç‹D brh‹dh®. mJtiu¡F« òçay ek¡F. mŒah brhšwh®,

ϪJ‹dh ahU‹D Ït‹ brhšyQäšy?
Those who are not Muslims, those who are not Christians, those who are not Persians,
those who are not Jews, they are Hindus. ahbušyh« Kf«kÂa‹ mšynth, ahbušyh«
»¿°Jt‹ mšynth, ahbušyh« gh®Áa‹ mšynth, ahbušyh« mtdšynth,
Ïtdšynth mtbdšyh« ϪJ.

Ïij¤ jh©o Ï‹bdhUt‹ Ãw¡fKoahJ Ϫj k©âš. Ϫj Ko¢ir

bfh©L tªj nr®¤j ÏêÎ , bgUik vJ v‹gij Ú§fŸ jh‹ KoÎ brŒa nt©L«. mJ
Ϫj ϪJkj¤Â‰F¤ jh‹ c©L.
 Ïij¤jh‹ jªij bgçah® mt®fS«, m©zš m«ng¤f® mt®fS« xnu
Ïl¤Âš ã‹W brh‹dh®fŸ.

jªij bgçah® ÃuhkÙa« v‹W vL¤J¡bfh©oU¡f¡TlhJ, ϪJ¤Jth

v‹Wjh‹ vL¤J¡bfh©oU¡f nt©L« v‹W brh‹dh®fŸ. eh§fŸ go¤J¥
gh®¤jtiu, mŒah v°.é.M® mt®fS« x¥ò¡bfhŸth®fŸ, Ãuhkâa¤Â‰F«,
ϪJ¤Jthé‰F« xU äf¥bgça é¤Âahräšiy. Ïu©L« x‹Wjh‹. xU r_f¤ij¥
gil¤J mªj r_f« Ï¥go¤jh‹ thHnt©Lbk‹gJ k£Lkšy, mt®fis¥ go¡fhnj
v‹W brh‹d r_f« cyf¤Âny Ï‹bdhU rKjha« Ïšiy. Ï‹D« Tl m«ng¤f®
xUKiw MŒÎ brŒ»wh®. The caste system in India is not virtually visible Ϫj mu§f¤Âny
ÏU¡»w ahiuahtJ gh®¤J t‹åa® ah®? MÂÂuhél® ah®? fΩl® ah®? gŸs®
ah®? v‹W ãw« Ãç¡f KoÍkh? Ϫj Kf¤ij¥ gh®¤J ahiuahtJ #h brhšy
KoÍkh c§fshš? ntWghL ÏU¡»wJ v‹gJ ntW. Racial difference v‹W
brhšYth®fŸ. xU Ïd ntWghL v‹gJ Kf¤Ânyna bjçÍ«.

Ú¡nuh¡fis¥ gh®¤jhš bjçÍ«. Ú¡nuh¡fŸ v›tsÎ mšyš g£oU¡»wh®fŸ?

The world owes a duty to untouchables as it is declared to other communities in the world v‹W
m«ng¤f® xU Ïl¤Âny brhšYth®. cyf¤Âny Ú¡nuhit v¥go¥ gh®¤Ô®fnsh,
cyf¤Âny ntW éjkhd Ïd xL¡fš Kiwia v¥go¥ gh®¤Ô®fnsh, m¥go¥g£l Ïd
xL¡fš Kiwjh‹ ϪÂahéš ÏU¡»wbj‹gij¥ òçªJ bfhŸS§fŸ. mJ
bjçaéšiy ek¡F. m›tsÎ jh‹. xU Ú¡nuhit¥ gh®¤jhš bjçÍ«, btŸis¡fhu‹
Ït‹, fU¥g‹ Ït‹, ÏtD¡F fZl« ÏU¡»wJ v‹W brhšyyh«. Ú¡nuh¡fŸ gL«
bfhLikia bgŠrä‹ bkhyhŒÁa° v‹»‹w féP‹ xUKiw brh‹dh‹. xU
fU¥ò¥ bg©kâia ÚÂk‹w¤J¡F miH¤J tU»wh®fŸ, mªj¡ fU¥ò Ïd¥
bg©kâ btŸis¡fhu¥ nghÄ°fhu®fshš ifJ brŒa¥g£L fhtšãiya¤Âš
bfhLik¥gL¤j¥gL»whŸ. v¥go¡ bfhLik¥gL¤j¥gL»whŸ v‹gij ÚÂk‹w¤Âny
bgŠrä‹ bkhyhŒÁa° v‹»‹w Áªjidahs‹ j‹Dila fU¤ij brhšY»w nghJ
ÚÂk‹w¡ fh£Á thæyhf¢ brhšYth‹. xU fU¥ò Ïd¥ bg©iz Ú k‹w¤Â‰F
T£o tU»wh®fŸ. ÚÂg nf£»wh®:

``m«kh, Áiwæš c‹id ahuhtJ bfhLik¥ gL¤Âdh®fsh? Ïšiy, vªj¡

bfhLikÍ« gL¤jéšiy. e‹whf¢ brhš bfhLik¥gL¤Âdh®fsh? Ïšiy. mŒah
vd¡F vªj¡ bfhLikÍ« el¡féšiy. Mdhš x‹W, v‹ mU»ny ÏU¡»whnd Ϫj¥
nghÄ°fhu‹ mtDila jo¡F k£L« éªJ ghŒ¢R»w M‰wš ÏUªjhš eh‹ Ϫneu«
xU FHªij¡F¤ jhŒ’’. ÚÂg¡F¥ òçaéšiy. m¥goahdhš v›tsÎ bgça
bfhLikia mªj¥ nghÄ°fhu®fŸ mªj¥ bg©Q¡F brŒÂU¡»wh®fŸ v‹gÂèUªJ
mªj Ïd xL¡fèDila ml®¤Âia c§fshš m¿a KoÍ«.

m«ng¤f® brhšY»wh®: Ϫj xL¡fiy¡ fh£oY« v§fŸ eh£oš ÏU¡»w #hÂa

xL¡FKiw bfhLikahdJ. Mdhš Ïij¢ brhšyhkš gh®¤J¡bfhŸ»w ntiyia
ÃuhkÙa« ϧnf brŒJ bfh©oU¡»wJ. mjdhšjh‹ mt§f m¡çbk‹£ ngh£lh§f.
vªj Ïl¤Âny jªij bgçahU¡F« m©zš m«ng¤fU¡F« X®ik tU»wJ v‹W
brh‹dhš, Kjšy RjªÂu« ntzh‹D brh‹dJ bu©Lng®jh‹. Ï‹D«
brhšy¥nghdhš 1927 Ïš irk‹ fäõ‹ tU»wJ. 1919 M« M©L muÁaš r£l¤ij
v¥go¤ ÂU¤jyh« v‹gj‰fhf irk‹ fäõ‹ tªj nghJ , ϧnf ÏU¡»w
fh§»u°fhu®fŸ irk‹ fäõnd btënaW v‹W brhšY»wh®fŸ. mj‰F mt®fŸ
brh‹d fhuz« nghè¤jdkhdJ. ϪÂahéš ahU« ϪÂa®fŸ mªj¡ FGény Ïšiy
v‹W brh‹dh®fŸ. mJ mšy neh¡f«. irk‹ fäõ‹ vj‰fhf tªjJ v‹whš,
ϪÂahéš #h v‹whš v‹d? v¤jid #h ÏU¡»wJ? V‹ Ït®fŸ go¡f
it¡f¥glhkèU¡»wh®fŸ? V‹ Ït®fŸ ehfßf« Ïšyhkš ÏU¡»wh®fŸ?
Ït®fS¡F ah® fhuz«? v‹gij¡ f©l¿ant©oa Nœãiy fäõD¡F
njit¥g£lJ. m«ng¤f® Ï‹bdhU Ïl¤Âš brhšY»wh®.

No intellectual class in the world has prostituted its intelligence to invent a

philosophy to keep its fellowmen in perpetual state of imbalance and poverty as Brahmin
community has done to India cyf¤Âny ÏU¡»w vªj K‹nd¿a #hÂÍ«, nk£L¡Fo
#hÂÍ«,
#hÂÍ«, jh‹ tsU« Ru©L« c©ikjh‹. Mdhš go¡fhnj. tWikæY«, VœikæY«
ÏU v‹gj‰fhf flÎë‹ bgauhš xU j¤Jt¤ij¡ f©LÃo¤J mªj j¤Jt¤ij¢
Rk¤Â xU äf¥bgça rKjha¤ij rKjha¤ij 95 ng® ÏU¡»w r_f¤ij m¿ahikæY«,
VœikæY«, fšéa¿éšyhkY« it¤ÂU¡»w xU bfhLik¡F¢ brhªj¡fhu®fŸ
ahbu‹W brh‹dhš ϪÂahéš Ãuhkz®fis¤ jéu ntW ahU« »ilahJ.

ÏJ m«ng¤f® mt®fŸ brh‹dJ. Ïij¤ jh‹ mŒah mt®fŸ brh‹dh®fŸ.

cyf¤Âny vªj njr¤ÂnyÍ« Ï¥go Ïšiyna, nt‰WikfŸ ÏU¡»wJ. Mdhš mªj
nt‰Wikfis Ãw¥nghL Ko¢R¥ nghléšiyna v‹W jªij bgçah® mt®fŸ
brh‹dh®fŸ. Mf mªj Ïu©L ngU¡F« ÏU¡»‹w x‰Wik v‹d v‹W brh‹dhš,
ϪJ kj¤ij v®¥gJ. mj‰F¡ fhuz« , kåjid kåjdhf¥ gh®¥gJ. mJ xU éj«.
nkbyGªj thçahf¥ gh®¡»‹w nghJ , kh®¡Áa f©nzh£l¤Âš gh®¤jhš Ïu©L
ngU« bghUŸ Kjš thÂfŸ. xU bghUŸKjšth¡F ÏU¡fnt©oa mo¥gilahd
g©ò v‹d v‹W brh‹dhš, Ïa‰if¡F« kåjD¡F« cŸs cwit Ïa‰ifahfnt
Ïa‰ifahfnt
gh®¥gJ. Á«Ãsh brh‹dh m›tsÎjh‹. bk£Oçaèr«dh ngh£L¡ FH¥Ã»£L ÏU¡f
nt©oa mtÁa« »ilahJ. bk£Oçaèr«D brh‹dh, Ïa‰if¡F« kåjD¡F« cŸs
cwit Ïa‰ifahfnt gh®¥gJ.

Ϫj kh®¡Áa f©nzh£l¤njhL gh®¤j ϪÂahéš Ïu©L jiyt®fŸ

r_f¤ij¥ gh®¤jt®fŸ c©L v‹whš bgçahU« m«ng¤fU«jh‹ ntW vªj
f«ôå°£fhu®fS« »ilahJ. v°.V.lh§nfnt , f«ôå°£ f£ÁæDila äf¥bgça
jiyt® v°.V. lh§nfnt ntj¤ÂèUªJ jh‹ f«ôår« tªjJ‹D brhšè£L¥
nghæ£lhU. ntj¤J¡F« f«ôår¤J¡F« v‹d r«kªj«? Ï‹iw¡F ÏU¡»‹w Ϫj
nkilæš ã‹W bfh©L brhš»‹nw‹. bgçahU¡F« m«ng¤fU¡F«
bghU¤j¥gh£il¥ g‰¿ Ï‹iw¡F ngÁ¡bfh©oU¡»‹nwh«. xU fhy f£l¤Âš
f«ôå°£ Ïa¡f§fŸ bgçahiuÍ« m«ng¤fhiuÍ« V‰W¡bfhŸshjt®fŸ.
V‰W¡bfhŸshjt®fŸ v‹whš Ït®fSila thœ¡if¤ js«, Ït®fSila be¿
všyh« xU Á‹d Á£oif¡FŸ mil¡f¥glnt©oait v‹W fUÂat®fŸ.
t®zngj« ngr¥gl nt©oašiy v‹W fUÂat®fŸ. Mdhš m¥go¥ ngrhkš
ÏU¥gj‰F mt®fŸ kh®¡Áa¤ij¥ go¡fhkš nghdh®fŸ v‹gJjh‹ c©ik. 1848 Ïš
bgçah® Ãw¥gj‰F 30 M©LfS¡F K‹ò ϪÂahéš RjªÂu¥ ngh® v‹»‹w jiy¥Ãš
fhuš kh®¡° vGJ»wh®. ϪÂahit¥ g‰¿,

gRitÍ« Fu§FfisÍ« tz§F»w _l¤jd« ÏU¡»‹w bj‰fhÁahéš,

F¿¥ghf ϪÂahéš, kåjid Ï‹bdhU kåj‹ fUéahf¡ fUJ»w bj‰fhÁahéš
F¿¥ghf ϪÂahéš òu£Á tUtj‰fhd rh¤Âa¡ TWfns Ïšiy

v‹W 1848 Ïš fhuškh®¡° brh‹dh®. fhuš kh®¡° brh‹d m¿Îiuia V‰f

kW¤j kh®¡ÁathÂfŸ Vw¤jhH 150 M©LfS¡F¥ ÃwF Ï‹iw¡F jªij bgçahç‹
joiaÍ«, m«ng¤fç‹ f©zhoiaÍ« ngh£L¡bfh©L mUªjÂa®fë‹ kheh£oš
cçik¡fhf¡ fyªJ bfhŸ»wh®fŸ v‹whš bgçahU« m«ng¤fU« Ï‹D« üW
M©LfS¡F¤ njit¥gL»wh®fŸ v‹gij¡ F¿¤J it¤J¡bfhŸS§fŸ. ÏJjh‹
Ït®fS¡F ÏU¡»w bghU¤j¥ghL. ϪJær« v‹W tU»w nghJ Ïu©L ngU« xU
js¤Âš ã‹wh®fŸ . mj‰F v‹d fhuz«? Ïu©LngU« xUéj¤Âny eh¤Âf
thÂfŸ. m«ng¤f® j‹id xU Ïl¤ÂnyTl eh¤Âfth v‹W btë¥gilahf¢
brhšè¡bfhŸséšiy. Mdhš ÏU¡»w f£lik¥ig cil¡f nt©Lbk‹W
éU«Ãat®. bgçah® Ï‹bdhU Ïl¤Âny brhšY»wh®.

eh‹ eh¤Âf‹ v‹WTl brhšè¡bfhŸs éU«géšiy. eh‹ jhuhsth v‹W

mt® brhšY»wh®. mj‰F v‹d fhuzbk‹whš , bgçahUila eh¤Âf«, Ï‹iw¡F«
brhšY»‹nw‹. Âuhél®fHf¤Â‹ ÛJ mšyJ bgçahç‹ fU¥ò¢ r£il¡fhu®fŸ ÛJ
ÏU¡»w äf¥ bgça F‰w¢rh£L. bgçah® v‹whš Ït®fŸ m¿ªjJ, mšyJ bgçah®
v‹whš Ït®fŸ milahs¥gL¤j éU«òtJ flΟ kW¥ghsuhf k£L«jh‹ bgçahiu¥
gh®¡»wh®fŸ. kj« nt©lh«, flΟ nt©lh«, nkh£r« Ïšiy, euf« Ïšiy v‹W
brhšYtj‰fhf k£Lnk bgçah® njit¥gL»wh® v‹»‹w xU tw£L¤jdkhd
eh¤Âf¤Â‰FŸ bgçahiu ml¡Ftj‰F Ï‹iw¡F ÏU¡»w bgçahç°£LfŸ bjçªnjh,
bjçahknyh Msh»wh®fŸ mšyJ Msh¡f¥g£oU¡»wh®fŸ v‹»‹w xU F‰w¢rh£oš
ÏU¡»w c©ikia eh« kWjè¥gj‰»šiy.

mjdhšjh‹ bgçah® brhšY»wh®: eh‹ eh¤Âf‹ v‹gij¡ fh£oY« xU

jhuhsth v‹W brhšè¡bfhŸs éU«ò»nw‹. Ï¥go mt® brhšYtj‰F¡ fhuz« ,
bgçahç‹ eh¤Âf« r_f« rh®ªjJ. m¿éaš ó®tkhf mQ» flΟ Ïšiy v‹W
brhšYtJ ntW. bgçah® brhšY»wh®:

kåjD¡F kåj‹ bjhl¡TlhJ, f©âš gl¡TlhJ , bjh£lhš Ô£L, elªjhš

Ô£L v‹W brhšY»‹w xU eh£il óf«g¤jhš mê¡fhknyh, r©lkhUj¤jhš
Jfsh¡f¥glhknyh, rK¤Âu« bgh§» vGªJ mäH¢ brŒahknyh ÏU¥gij¥
ÏU¥gij¥ gh®¤j
ÃwF«Tl
ÃwF«Tl flΟ v‹W xUt® ÏU¡»wh® v‹whš mij v¥go eh‹ e«òtJ ?

v‹W nf£lh®. vdnt Ãu¢rid flÎS¡F« bgçahU¡F« mšy. Ϫj r_f¤Â‹

ÛJ bgçahU¡F m¡fiw ÏU¡»wJ. #hÂ¥ Ãu¢ridia¥ bgçah® bjhL»w nghJ flΟ
FW¡nf tU»wh®. V‹ fhuz« Ï¥go ÏU¡»whŒ v‹W nf£l nghJ, Ïšiy Ï¥go¤jh‹
rh°Âu« brhšY»wJ v‹w és¡f« brhšy¥g£lJ.

mjdhš jh‹ m«ng¤f® Annihllation of Caste v‹w ò¤jf¤Âny brh‹dh®, You

must take the stand that Buddha took; You must take the stand that Guru Nanak took;
those leaders who not only denied the sastras and also the authorities of sastras.

ntj§fis kW¥gJ k£Lkšy, ntj§fS¡F Mjhukhf ÏU¡»w všyht‰iwÍ«

všyht‰iwÍ«
Ú mW¤JéL v‹W Annihilation of Caste Ïš brhšYtj‰F¡ fhuz«, ϧnfjh‹ mªj
kŒa¥òŸë ÏU¡»wJ.

mjdhš jh‹ bgçah® brh‹dh®.

eh‹ #hÂia xê¡f nt©Lbk‹W éU«ò»nw‹. eh‹ #hÂia xê¡f éU«ò»w

Ϫj¥ nghçš c‹Dila flÎis, kj¤ij¡ fh¥gh‰¿¡ bfhŸs KoÍbk‹W brh‹dhš,
fh¥gh‰¿¡ bfh©L ngh.

e«khy Koaiy§fwJ jhnd Ãu¢rid. #hÂia xê¡f nt©Lbk‹W Ka‰Á

brŒ»w nghJ mªj #h v§nf ÏU¡»wJ v‹whš t®zh°uk¤Âny ÏU¡»wJ.
t®zh°uk« v§nf ÏU¡»wJ v‹W brh‹dhš, t®zh°uk¤ij¥ gil¤jJ ehnd v‹W
f©z‹ brhš»wh‹. Mf, Philosophy of Hinduism - ϪJær¤Â‹ j¤Jt« v‹W
tU»wnghJ, m«ng¤f®
m«ng¤f® jåahfnt Ïj‰bf‹W xU nr¥lnu vGJ»‹wh®. Philosophy of
Hinduism v‹W tU»w nghJ jªij bgçah® brh‹d mªj¤ j¤Jt¤ js¤Ânyjh‹
m«ng¤f® ㉻wh®. m«ng¤f® brŒj MŒényjh‹ jªij bgçah® ㉻wh®. ÏJ
Ït®fS¡»ilæny ÏU¡»w X®ik X®ik.
ik. rç ϪJ¤Jth v‹D« bfhŸif brhš»nwhnk,
ÏjDila mo¥gil¡ TWfŸ v‹d? KjšTW, r_f¤ij V‰w¤jhœÎŸs gil¥òfshf
kh‰WtJ. Gradual graded inequality – the first character of the Hinduism, ϪJær¤ÂDila
j¤Jt« v‹W mt® eh‹F TWfis¢ brhšY»wh®. Graded inequality nt‰Wikia¡ Tl
buh«g ò¤Ârhè¤jdkhf go¥goahf it¥gJ. Horizontal division ntW Vertical division
ntW m«ng¤f® äf¤ bjëthf¢ brhšY»wh®.

Horizontal division v‹W brh‹dhš, »ilãiyæš ghFgL¤Â¡bfh©nl nghtJ

ÏÂny xU f£ilia vL¤Jé£L Ï‹bdhU f£il¡F¤ jhtyh«. Mdhš Vâ¥goia¥
nghy vertical Mf it¤jhš xU goia é£L Ï‹bdhU go¡F¥ nghfKoahJ.
ϪÂahéš #h v¥go ÏU¡»wJ v‹whš go¡f£il¥ nghy ÏU¡»wJ. Vertical division -
vertical Mf ÏU¡»w fhuz¤Âdhnyjh‹ xU #hÂæèUªJ Ï‹bdhU #hÂia
jh©lKoahkš ngh»wJ v‹»w MŒéid m«ng¤f® it¡»wh®. mij¤ jªij
bgçahU« x¥ò¡bfh©L, #hÂia eh« vL¡fnt©Lbk‹W brh‹dhš kj¤ij
xê¤jhf nt©L«. kj¤ij xê¡f nt©Lbk‹W brh‹dhš kj¤ij¡ fh¥gh‰W»‹w
flÎis xê¤jhf nt©L« v‹wh®. Ϫj Ïl¤Âny eh‹ x‹iw¢ brhšy nt©L«.
m«ng¤f® j‹id xU M‹Ûfth v‹W milahs¥gL¤Â¡ bfh©lt®. mjdhš jh‹
bgçahiu eh‹ ftdkhf¢ brh‹nd‹, bgçahiu eh« eh¤Âfdhf¥ gh®¥gJ v‹gJ ntW,
mªj eh¤Âf¤J¡FŸ mt® brhšYtJ eh‹ xU jhuhsth v‹W mt® brhšYtj‰F¡
fhuz«, flÎis neuoahf btW¡f nt©oa mtÁa«, v®¡f nt©oa mtÁa«
bgçahU¡F tªjj‰F¡ fhuz« ntW. gF¤j¿Î v‹gJ ntW. Mdhš bgçahUila
eh¤Âf¤Â‰F¥ Ëdhš ÏU¡»w r_f« rh®ªj cz®Î«, m«ng¤f® ca®¤Â¥Ão¤j
M‹ÛfK« xU Ïl¤Âš rªÂ¡»wJ. #h TlhJ, Ïw¥ò¡F¥ ÃwF x‹W« »ilahJ.
ò¤jçl¤Âny nf£lh®fŸ, Ïw¥ò¡F, rhé‰F¥ ÃwF kåj‹ v§nf ngh»wh‹ v‹W
nf£lj‰F mt® brh‹dh®:

``xU és¡F mizªjj‰F¥ ÃwF mªj xë v§nf ngh»wJ v‹W nf£lhš eh‹
v‹d brhšYnt‹’’.

buh«g vëikahf¢ brh‹dh®. xU fhyf£l¤Âš mt® Ï‹D« bjëthf¢

brhšY»wh®. mt® vGÂa Ïu©L ò¤jf§fis¡ fšÿç khzt®fŸ, tuyh‰W
khzt®fŸ go¤jhf nt©L«. Who were the sudras? Why they have been called as sudras
and termed as fourth varna in Indo-aryan society? N¤Âu®fŸ ah®? mt®fŸ V‹
eh‹fhtJ t®zkhf M¡f¥g£lh®fŸ? v‹W xU ò¤jf«. MŒÎ¡f£Liu. Ï‹bdhU
ò¤jf«. Who were the untouchables? Why they have been called as untouchables? mt®fŸ
V‹ Ô©l¤jfhjt®fshf miH¡f¥g£lh®fŸ?
miH¡f¥g£lh®fŸ? v‹W brh‹dnghJ brhš»wh®, Ϫj¤
Ô©lhik #h všyh« v¥nghJ tU»wJ v‹W brh‹dhš, »¿°J Ãwªjj‰F¥ Ëò 400
M©Lfëš mj‰F K‹ò »ilahJ. gh»ah‹ tU»w bghGJ mij¡ F¿¥Ã£L¢
brhš»wh®. ».K.400 tJ M©L bgs¤j¤Â‰F« V‰fdnt ÏUªj Mça r_f¤Â‰F«
elªj nkhjè‹ btë¥ghLjh‹ Ϫj #hÂfbsšyh« tU»wbj‹W m§nf mt®
F¿¥Ã£L xU MŒÎ¡f£Liu it¡»wh®. mªj MŒit kWjè¡»wt®fS«
ÏU¡»wh®fŸ, V‰W¡bfh©lt®fS« ÏU¡»wh®fŸ.

Mdhš, v§nf eh« ㉻nwh« v‹W brh‹dhš , Ϫj eh‹F Fz§fŸ

ÏU¡»wnj, Graded inequality-number one ntWghLfis V‰gL¤Â mªj ntWghLfis¡
f£lhakhf M¡FtJ. Ï‹bdh‹W, m¥go ntWghLfis V‰gL¤Âaj‰F¥ Ëdhš
bgU«gh‹ik r_f¤Â‰F¡ fšéia kW¥gJ. ÏJ xU Fzh«r«. ϪJ¤JthéDila
Fzh«r¤Âš ÏJΫ x‹W. _‹whtJ, Prohibition of power mt‹ mÂfhu¤Â‰F
tªJél¡TlhJ v‹W ftdkhf ÏU¥gJ. 1930Ïš, 40 Ïš všyh« v‹d g©z KoÍ«?
c§fS¡F¤ bjçahJ. gy khzt®fS¡F¤ bjçahJ. Ï‹iw¡F ÏU¡»w muÁaèš
khzt®fŸ v§bf§nfh nghŒ¡bfh©oU¡»wh®fŸ. ÂUéHhény FHªijfis xU
ãäl« ÏL¥ÃnyæUªJ jhŒkh®fŸ fH£oé£lhš »Y»Y¥ig¡fhu‹ g¡f¤Âny
Xo¥ngh»w FHªijia¥ nghš Ï‹iw¡F ÏU¡»w ÏisP®fŸ v§bf§nfh muÁaš
f£Á¡F¥ nghŒ¡bfh©oU¡»wh®fŸ. Mdhš eh‹ brhšy éU«ò»nw‹ 1931 tiu Ϫj
k©âš rk°»Uj« go¤jhš k£L«jh‹ v«.Ã.Ã.v° - Ïš m£äõ‹. gh®¥gj‰F¥
ig¤Âa¡fhu¤jdkhf ÏU¡F«. m©zh vGJ»wh®.

m©zh neuoahf¢ brh‹dhš vL¡fhJ v‹W brhšè ntWéjkhf vGJ»wh®:

nuhkdnrh v‹W xUt‹ ÏUªjh‹ uZahéš, mtD¡F¤ jhŒbkhê Ïy¤Ô‹. Mdhš
Ïy¤Ô‹ go¤j mtD¡F kU¤Jt¡fšÿçæš Ïl« kW¡f¥g£lJ. mjdhš mt‹
Ïy¡»a¤Âny Ëdhš bgça Msh» bgça nehgš gçR bg‰wh‹. Mdhš mt‹
m¥nghJ tUªÂdh‹, vd¡F ÏuZa bkhê bjçaéšiy v‹gj‰fhf v«.Ã.Ã.v° Ó£
bfhL¡féšiyna v‹W. c§fS¡F M¢rçakhf ÏU¡F«, xU bkhê bjçaéšiyna
v‹gj‰fhf mªj k©âny thG»wtD¡F v«.Ã.Ã.v°ìny Ó£ Ïšiyah v‹W
nf£»whŒ j«Ã, ϧF k£L« v‹d thœªjJ? 1931 tiu vªj #h¡fhudhf ÏUªjhY«
rk°»Uj« bjçªjtD¡F k£L«jh‹ v«.Ã.Ã.v°ìš Ïl« v‹»‹w r£l¤ij
cUth¡»a ehL Ϫj ehL. v¤jid khzt®fS¡F¤ bjçÍ«?

Mf ÏJ bjçahkš nghd fhuz¤Âdhšjh‹ Ï‹iw¡F ãHèny ÏU¡»‹nwh«

v‹»w fhuz¤Âdhšjh‹ btæè‹ bt¥g« m¿ahkš elªJ tªj jiyt®fisbašyh«
eh« kwªJngh»‹w mty¤Â‰F eh« Msh»æU¡»nwh«. Mfnt ÏJ _‹whtJ Ïl«.
Prohibition of power –mÂfhu¤J¡F tªJél¡TlhJ v‹gš ftdkhf ÏUªjh®fŸ.
_‹W Ban on property - brh¤J th§f¡TlhJ v‹gJ ϪJær¤ÂDila j¤Jt«. eh‹F,
bg©fis ÁWik¥gL¤JtJ, bg©fis ml¡» it¥gJ. Suppression of women –
äf¥bgça F‰w¢rh£L x‹W ÏU¡»wJ. m«ng¤f® ÛJ. bgçah® ngÁa msé‰F, bgçah®
nghuhoa msé‰F m«ng¤fiu xU bg©Qçik¥ nghuhëahf milahs¥gL¤j
Koaéšiy v‹W brhšY»wh®fŸ. m«ng¤f® mj‰fhf¤ jåahf¡ Fuš
bfhL¡féšiy v‹gJ c©ikjh‹. Mdhš, mtUila Fuš ntW éjkhf ÏU¡»wJ.

Rise and fall of Hindu women v‹W xU ÁW üiy vGÂæU¡»wh®. bgçah® bg©
éLjiyia gF¤j¿éèUªJ gF¤j¿Î¤ js¤ÂnyæUªJ gh®¤jh®. bgçah® #hÂ
xê¥ig¥ gF¤j¿Î¤ js¤ÂnyæUªJ gh®¤jh®. m«ng¤f® #h xêa nt©Lbk‹W
éU«Ãdh®, bgçahiu¥ nghynt MŒÎ brŒjh®, vGÂdh®, všyh« c©ikjh‹. Mdhš,
éLjiyia xU M‹Ûf¤ js¤ÂèUªJ gh®¡f éU«Ãdh®. gΤj¤Â‰F¥ nghdh®.
gΤj¤Âš bg©fS¡F všyh cçikÍ« ÏUªjJ. mijél m«ng¤fiu eh«
m¿ªJbfhŸsnt©oa xU Ïl«. eh‹ mj‰F¥ Ëdhš tU»nw‹. vªj Ïl¤Âny
bgçah® brŒj fhça¤ij, Ãu¢rhu« brŒj fhça¤ij m«ng¤f® äf¢ rhJ®akhf muÁaš
r£l¤Âny bfh©L tu Ka‰Á brŒjh® v‹gij eh‹ mL¤j XçU ãäl§fëš brhšy
ÏU¡»nw‹. Ϫj Ïl¤Âny tU»w bghGJ Suppression of women, Mf Graded inequality,
Prohibition of education, Prohibition of ower Ban on property, Suppression of women-ÏJjh‹.
Ϫj ϪJær« Ϫj IªJ nfh£ghLfis it¤ÂU¡»wnj ÏjDila éisΠϪj
r_f¤Âš k£L«jhdh? muÁaèš »ilahjh v‹whš muÁaèš Ïªj r_f¤ÂDila
mik¥Ã‹ rh®ªj rhu« všyh Ïl§fënyÍ« xU äf¥bgça Á¡fiy V‰gL¤ÂæU¡»wJ.
bgUŠÁ¤Âudh® buh«g mHfhf¢ brhšYth®- Ϫj eh£oDila éLjiyia eh‹
FiwÎgL¤jéšiy, eh‹ ϪÂa murh§f¤ÂDila mik¢r®, v‹Dila fhçš
njÁa¡bfho gwªJbfh©oU¡»wJ. vd¡F njr¥g‰W ÏUªjhf nt©L«. Mdhš
tuyh‰iw¢ brhšY»w bghGJ rçahf¢ brhšynt©L« bgUŠÁ¤Âudh® brhšY»wh®:

ešyntis btŸis¡fhu‹ tªjh‹, e«ikbašyh«

e«ikbašyh« fh¥gh‰¿dh‹, mt‹ k£L«
tuhkš nghæUªjhš ehbkšyh« eçahf, óidahf Cisæ£L¡bfh©oUªÂU¥ngh«.
 Ïij eh« kW¥gj‰»šiy. mjdhšjh‹ bgçah® ÛJ« m«ng¤f® ÛJ« xU
äf¥bgça F‰w¢rh£L Ït®fŸ btŸis¡fhu®fS¡F thšÃo¤jh®fŸ. RjªÂu«
nt©lh« v‹W bgçah® brh‹dh®. m«ng¤f® Ï‹D« ntfkhf xU Ïl¤Âny brh‹dh®.
bgçahU¡F« m«ng¤fU¡F« ÏU¡»w x‰Wikia¥ gh®¡f nt©L«. bgçah®
RjªÂu¤ij¥ g‰¿¥ ngR»w nghJ,

btŸis¡fhu®fŸ bfhŸis¡fhu Ãuhkz®fS¡F vG¡ bfhL¤j nk£ Xt®.

-Ϫj th®¤ijia mŒah m¥gona brhšèæU¡»wh®.

RjªÂu« v‹gJ btŸis¡fhu®fŸ bfhŸis¡fhu Ãuhkz®fS¡F

vG¡ bfhL¤j nk£ Xt®. eh‹ V‰W¡bfhŸséšiy v‹wh®. Ïij¢ brhšY»w nghJ
1947. Mdhš ÏJ 1937 , 39 nyna m«ng¤fU¡F xU r§fl« tU»wJ. Ïu©lh«
cyf¥ngh® tªj nghJ mªj Ïu©lh« cyf¥nghçš é‹br‹£ r®¢Áš ϧ»yhªÂDila
Ãujk®. e«Kila ehL mtU¡F¡ ÑnH ÏU¡»wJ. mt® ï£yiu
v®¡fnt©Lbk‹gj‰fhf ϪÂa¤ JU¥òfis¥ ga‹gL¤J»wh®. ahU¡F vÂuhf?
ehí¥gilfS¡F vÂuhf. ï£yU¡F vÂuhf ϪÂahéDila JU¥òfis mt®
ga‹gL¤J»w bghGJ, fhªÂ xU nfŸéia it¡»wh® fh§»u° rh®Ãš. v‹d nfŸé
v‹whš ``é‹br‹£ r®¢Áš mt®fns, c§fS¡F vÂç ï£y®, v§fS¡F mšy. Ϫj¥
nghçš v§fSila Á¥ghŒfis, v§fSila JU¥ò¡fis, v§fSila MÍj§fis
Ú§fŸ ga‹gL¤j¥ngh»Ö®fŸ. Ϫj bt‰¿¡F¥ Ëdhš v§fS¡F¡ »il¡f¥ nghtJ
v‹d?’’ v‹W nf£»wh®. What will be the benefit after the war, having deployed our sources?
ÏJ fhªÂ it¡»w nfŸé, é‹br‹£ r®¢ÁY¡F. é‹br‹£ r®¢Áš buh«g mikÂahf
gš brh‹dh®: To restore traditional Britain eh‹v‹Dila kuòä¡f bjh‹ikä¡f
bgUik ä¡f Ãç£lid eh‹ Û©L« bgWtj‰fhf¤ jh‹ nghuhl¥ ngh»nw‹.

v›tsÎ bgça bfhG¥ò? fhªÂahU¡F¡ nfhg«. v‹Dila rnfhju‹ Ïu¤j«

ÏH¡»wh‹. v‹Dila rnfhju‹ thœit ÏH¡f¥ngh»wh‹. F‰WæU«, FiycæUkhf
Ïs« kidéfis ÏH¡f¥ngh»w fztid v‹ f©bzÂçny gh®¡»nw‹. Mdhš Ú
brhšY»whŒ, To restore traditional Briton c‹Dila Á¥ghŒfis eh‹ bfhšy¥ngh»nw‹
v‹W brh‹dhš ÏJ cd¡F¤ Âäušyth v‹W nf£»wh®. ÏJ a§ Ï©oahéš
tU»wJ.

mL¤jehŸ m«ng¤f® nf£»wh®. Yes, the question that was asked by Mr.Gandhi is
legitimate. fhªÂ nf£»w nfŸé buh«g ãahakhd nfŸé. Mdhš ÂU«g eh‹ nf£»nw‹
fhªÂia.
fhªÂia. é‹br‹£ r®¢ÁY¡F Á¥ghia mD¥Ãé£L v‹d ga‹ v‹W nf£»whna?
eh‹ nf£»nw‹, ϪÂahé‰F RjªÂu« nt©Lbk‹W Ú nf£»whna, mªj
RjªÂu¤Â‰F¥Ã‹dhš vd¡F« ÉgL¤j¥g£ltD¡F« gw, gŸsD¡F« v‹d
»il¡f¥ngh»wJ? What will be the social order after independence since you are fighting for
independence? Ϫj¡nfŸé¡F¥ gš brhšèé£L Ú mtD¡F¡ nfŸ v‹W m«ng¤f®
nf£lnghJjh‹ fhªÂ jLkh¿¥ nghdh®. ÏJ tuyhW. Ïij¤ jh‹ jªij bgçah®
btŸis¡fhu®fŸ bfhŸis¡fhu Ãuhkz®fS¡F vG¡bfhL¤j nk£ Xt® v‹W
RjªÂu¤ij¢ brhš»wh®.

Mf, ϪJær« v‹gJ«, ϪJær¤ÂDila j¤Jt« v‹gJ« ϪÂahéDila

Ïiwah©ik¡F CW éisé¤jJ. ϪÂahéDila RjªÂu¤Â‰F¤ jl§fiy V‰gL¤
ÂaJ. ÏÂny bgçahiuÍ«, m«ng¤fiuÍ« jå¥g£l Kiwæš Fiw brhšè¥ Ãunah
#d« »ilahJ. ngr nt©oa msΡF ϪJær¤ij cUth¡»aJ. Ï‹bdh‹iwÍ«
eh‹ brhšy nt©L«. mŒah bgçah® brhšèæU¡fh®. filÁah 1973 ny mt® ngR«
nghJ brhšY»wh®,
 Ϫj Ãuhkâa«jh‹, Ϫj ϪJ kj¤ j¤Jt«jh‹ ϪÂahit¥ g§F ngh£lJ,
k¡fis¥ g§Fngh£lJ, ÃsÎ gL¤ÂaJ.

c©ik gy ngU¡F¤ bjçahJ. 1940 tiu¡F« í‹dh gh»°jh‹ nf£féšiy.

fh§»uRy v‹id¡F 1905 ny xU Kjš khehL ghyf§fhju Âyf® jiyikæny elªj
bghGJ mt®jh‹ _Šbrè Ãu¢ridia¡ bfh©L tU»wh®. Ãns¡ nehahš
gh¡f¥g£lnghJ btŸis¡fhu®fŸ vèia¡ bfhšY»wh®fŸ. vèia¡ bfhšY»w
bghGJ ghyf§fhju Âyf®, ÏJ éehafDila thfd«. Ïij¡ bfhšyhnj‹D
brhšwh®. x‹iw¥ òçªJ bfhŸs nt©L«. Ï¥g nrJ rK¤Âu¤ £l« V‹ ã¡FJ?

eh‹ mo¡fo brhšYnt‹, xU bgça ãfœ¢Áæš br‹idæš brh‹nd‹.

v‹Dila Å£oš v‹Dila jhŒ jªija® v‹Dila jh¤jh Ï‹dK« Át‹ gl¤ij
kh£o t¢ÁU¡fh§f. Át‹ jiyæy ãyh ÏU¡F. ehD« e«Ãnd‹. ÁtDila
jiyæšjh‹ ãyh ÏU¡»wbj‹W . e«òtš jt¿šiy. eh‹ mj‹ FW¡nf tuéšiy.
Ïiw e«Ã¡if jtbw‹W brhšY»wtdšy. eh‹ v¥nghJ« ÂU«g¤ÂU«g¢
brhšYnt‹.

c‰whiu ah‹ nt©nl‹, C® nt©nl‹, ng® nt©nl‹ f‰whiu ah‹

nt©nl‹, f‰gdΫ ÏåaikÍ« F‰why¤J mk®ªJiwÍ« T¤jh ã‹ Fiwfs‰nf
f‰whé‹ kd« nghy¡ fÁªJUf nt©Ltnd. v‹W ghodhš ghoé£L¥ngh, cd¡F
vjhtJ tªjhš nghJ«. Mdhš mJ vd¡F cl‹ghlšy. C® ntzh«, c‰wh® ntzh«,
m©z‹ j«Ã ntzh« , Ú k£L« ÏUªjhš nghJ« dh, m¥gw« V‹ Ú r_f¤Ây thœnw?
mJjh‹ vd¡F¡ nfŸé. bjŒt e«Ã¡if ÏUªJé£L¥ nghf£L«. vd¡F¥ Ãu¢rid
ÏšyhJ ÏU¡»w tiu. mnj nghy Ú mu§f¥bgUkhis¥ ghL. vij nt©LkhdhY«
ghL. Mdhš flΟ v‹Dila cçik¡F¡ FW¡nf tU»wnghJjh‹ v§fS¡F¥
Ãu¢rid.

Mf, Át‹ jiyæny ãyh ÏU¡»wJ v‹gJ e«Ã¡if. ehD« e«Ãnd‹

xUfhy¤Âš, v‹Dila jªij e«Ãdh®, v‹Dila jh¤j‹ e«Ãdh®, v‹Dila
gh£l‹, ó£l‹ všnyhU« e«Ãdh®fŸ. Mdhš Fiwªjg£r« 1969 Ïš M«°£uh§ nghŒ
ãyhéš fhyo it¤jj‰F¥ ÃwF v‹d fÂ? xU tF¥Ãny khzt‹ ÏU¡»wh‹,
jäHhÁça® tU»wh® Kjš tF¥Ãš, äjh Ãiw No bgUkhnd ‹dhU. bgçaòuhz¥
gh£L. jäHhÁça® ÏUªjh bjçÍ«. äjh ÃiwNo¥ bgUkhnd‹dh, ãyhit¤ jiyæš
it¤ÂU¡»w bgUkhnd tz¡f«§fwhU. Ko¢r®whU. buh«g ešyh nf£L¡»£L
ÏUªjh‹ iga‹. kâao¤jJ. m¿éaš MÁça® tªjh®. 1969 M« M©L M«°£uh§
ãyhéš fhš it¤jh®dhU. Ϫj ò¤Ârhè khzt‹ nf£lh‹, Át‹ jiyæyah mtU
fhš t¢rhU‹D nf£lh‹. Mf, ÁtDila jiyæny ãyh ÏU¡»wJ v‹gJ e«Ã¡if.
Mdhš M«°£uh§ fhšit¤Jé£lh‹ v‹gJ m¿éaš. m¿éaš tU»w nghJ
e«Ã¡if ef®ªJ têél nt©L«. ef®ªJ tê élhj fhuz¤Âdhš nrJ rK¤Âu«
㉻wJ. e«Ã¡ifah? m¿éayh?

Ϫj e«Ã¡ifia¢ brhšY»wnghJ, xUfhyf£l¤Âš ϪÂahit¤ J©lhL

tj‰F¡ fhuzkhf ÏUªjJ Ϫj ϪJkj e«Ã¡ifjh‹. 1946 Ïš »sbk©£
m£è§fwt® ϧ»yhªJ¡F¥ Ãujk®. »sbk©£ m£è v‹d g©wh®, ϪÂahΡF¢
RjªÂu« v¥go¤ junt©L« v‹gj‰fhf _‹W ngiu¡ T¥ÃLwh®. fh§»uRy ÏUªJ
xU¤j®, K°Ä« Ä¡y ÏUªJ xU¤j®, Princely States - rk°jhd§fS¡F xU
bu¥ur‹nl£o›. Ϫj _Q ng®jh‹ ϪÂahΡF bu¥ur‹nl£o›. ϪJ¡fs bu¥r‹£
g©z x©Q, K°Ä«fs bu¥ur‹£ g©z x©Q, Princely state rk°jhd§fS¡F
x©Q. 1946 Ïš ϪÂahit M©Lbfh©oUªj Ãç£oZ Ãujk® »sbk©£ m£è
T£od T£l¤J¡F _Q ng® nghdh®fŸ. fh§»u° rh®Ãš nghdt® m¥Jš fyh«
Mrh¤, K°Ä«. K°Ä« Ä¡ rh®ghf¥ nghdt® í‹dh, mt® xU K°Ä«. rk°jhd§fë‹
rh®ghf¥ nghdt® eth¥ M~¥ Õfh®. ϪÂahΡF¢ RjªÂu« ntQ«Q nghdJ _Q
K°Ä«. ϪJ¡fŸ mšy. MdhY« Ϫj ehL Ãçéid¡F fhuz«, í‹dh»£l
nf£lh§f, V«¥gh ehL nf¡Fnw‹D nf£lh§f.

mt® Éèa° Ór® ehlf« bjçÍkh‹D nf£lh®. fhªÂa e«ò§f‹D brh‹d¥g

mt® brh‹dh®, fhªÂia eh‹ e«ò»nw‹, Mdhš fhªÂæDila Ïuhkuh{a¤ij
v‹dhš e«g KoahJ. mt® brh‹dh®, òU£l° brhšYth‹ mªj ehlf¤Jy. Not that I
love Ceaser less, but I love my country more. Éèa° Óriu filÁah ò%£l° F¤Jwh‹.
ò%£l° F¤JdJ¡F¥ÃwF Ór® nf¥gh‹, ``mŒnah e©gh ÚÍkh F¤Jd‹D’’ nf¥gh‹.
òU£l° brhšwh‹, ``e©gh c‹id eh‹ neÁ¤jJ c©ikjh‹, v‹d brŒtJ c‹id¡
fh£oY« Ϫj eh£il¡ TLjyhf neÁ¤J é£nl‹’’.

mJ khÂç í‹dh brh‹dh®, Not that I love ceaser less, but I love my country
more - fhªÂia vd¡F¤ bjçÍ«, neÁ¡»nw‹. Mdhš fhªÂ it¤ÂU¡»whnu
Ïuhkuh{ía« , mJ #hÂa Ïuh{ía«, Ϫj ehL cU¥glhJ mjdhy v‹d btëa
éL‹dhU.

Mf Ϫj eh£il¤ J©lhoaJ ϪJ¤Jth, kwªJélhÔ®fŸ. Mf, eh£oDila

muÁaèèUªJ, r_f¤ÂèUªJ tU»w têba§F« Ϫj k©âny všyht‰¿‰F«
Ú§fŸ muÁaiy¥gh®¤jhš, btŸis¡fhu®fŸ Untouchability Abolition Act, 1857 ènyna
bfh©L tªjh§f. mJ¡F neuoah brhšyy. Removal of disablties act v‹W xU
r£l¤ij¡ bfh©L tªjh®fŸ. Ϫj k©âš eugèia xê¤jJ btŸis¡fhu®fŸ.
cl‹f£il VWtij xê¤jJ btŸis¡fhu®fŸ. if«bg© kz¤ij, if«bg©
kWkz¤ij TlhJ v‹gij¤ jilbrŒjt®fŸ btŸis¡fhu®fŸ. Ï¥go v¤jidnah
r_f¡bfhLikfis V‰W¡bfhŸs Koahkš btŸis¡fhu®fŸ r£l« bfh©L
tªjh®fŸ. Mdhš Ϫj r£l¤ij bfh©LtU»w nghbjšyh«, v®¥ò¤bjçé¤j
Ïa¡fkhfΫ, v®¥ò bjçé¤j jiyt®fshfΫ fh§»u°fhu®fS«, fh§»uìDila
jiyt®fS« ÏUªjh®fŸ v‹gJjh‹ kW¡fKoahj c©ik.

vdnt m¥go¥g£l Nœãiyæšjh‹ Ϫj Ïu©L bt›ntW jiyt®fisÍ« eh«

bt›ntW js§fëny gh®¡»w bghGJ X® x‰Wik bjç»wJ. bgçah® ϪÂahéDila
RjªÂu« ntzh‹D brh‹dj‰F«, é‹br‹£ r®¢Áš »£l fhªÂ ngÁdnghJ
m«ng¤f® mJ ntzh‹D brhšwJ¡F« v‹d fhuz«? Ϫj r_f mik¥ò, Ϫj r_f
mik¥ig ϪJ¤Jth r_f« v¥go kh‰¿æU¡»wJ v‹gjdhš jh‹. Ïijél
Ï‹bdh‹W 1916 nyna bgçahU¡F K‹ghfnt, ϧnf mt® ngÁdhnu
f«ôå°£f£ÁæDila m¿¡if. X›bthU jiyt®fS¡F« xU milahs«
ÏU¡»wJ. kh®£o‹ ÿj®»§ v‹W brh‹dhš March to Washington v‹W brhšth®fŸ.
xU milahs«. kh®o‹ ÿj® »§ filÁah brh‹dJ mjh‹. kh®¢ L thÁ§l‹ . m§nf
eh‹ c§fS¡F éLjiy th§»¤jU»nw‹. Mf, kh®o‹ ÿj® »§dh kh®¢ L
thÁ§l‹. f«ôå°£ Ïa¡f¤ÂDila jiyt®fŸ v‹W brh‹dhš 1948 ny Manifesto
of Communist Party. mnj khÂç Ϫj Non-brahmin movement mšyJ ϪJ¤Jt¤Â‰F
vÂuhd r§fÂfŸ v‹W tU»w nghJ 1916 nyna Ãuhkzušyhjh® m¿¡ifæny äf¤
bjëthf ÏU¡»wJ:
``eh§fŸ btŸis¡fhu®fS¡F éRthÁfŸ. mt®fshš jh‹ v§fS¡F
XusthtJ fšéÍ«, RfhjhuK«, kåj cçikÍ« ϧnf ju¥gL»wJ’’ v‹gij 1916 nyna
e«Kila m¿¡if äf¤ bjëthf¢ brh‹dJ. Mf, ϪÂa eh£oDila Ãçéid¡F¡
fhuz« ÏJjh‹. ϪÂahéDila rh V‰w¤ jhœÎ¡F ÏJjh‹ fhuz«. Ï¥go¥g£l
nkhjšfŸ cŸs xU Ïl¤Âš, Ï¥go¥g£l r_f V‰w¤jhœÎfŸ ÏU¡»w X® Ïl¤Âš
Ô®thf jªij bgçahU« m«ng¤fU« vij K‹it¡»wh®fŸ v‹whš, eh‹ K‹dnk
brh‹dij¥ nghy ÏJ xêa nt©Lbk‹W brh‹dhš, Ϫj ãWtd« Ï‹°ooÍõ‹
ϪJkj« v‹»‹w ãWtd« xê¡f¥gl nt©L« v‹gJjh‹, ϪJ kj« xU ãWtd«.
f©Q¡F¤ bjçay m›tsÎjh‹. ghuÂjhr‹ Íåt®Á£o xU ãWtd« f©Q¡F¤
bjçÍJ. Mdhš, xU »uhk¤Â‰F¥ nghŒ MÂÂuhél® bjUéš ÏU¡»wt‹ xU
t‹åa¤bjUéš, mšyJ t‹åa® bjUéš ÏU¡»wt‹ xU bu£oah® bjUéš
Ï‹iw¡F« Å£o‰F¥ nghfKoahJ. FoæU¡f KoahJ. mšyJ Ï‹iw¡F« ÅL
thlif¡F¥ nghf KoahJ, brhªjkhfÏl« th§f KoahJ v‹W brh‹dhš f©Q¡F¤
bjçahj xU ãWtd« ÏU¡»wJ. v¡fdhä¡ òugr®, ï°£ç òugruh khw KoahJ. ÏJ
Ï‹°ooÍõ‹. bjçÍJ. c§fS¡F v¡fdhä¡ òugrU¡F¥ gÂyh ï°£ç òugr® tªjh Ú
V‹ tªj? Ï‹d¡» ï°£ç tF¥ò Ïšiyna‹D brhš¿§f. It is institution, Mdh m§f
f©Q¡F¤ bjçahj xU ãWtd« ÏU¡»w fhuz¤Âdhnyjh‹ mªj ãWtd¤ij¤
jf®¡f nt©oa f£lha« Ït®fS¡F V‰g£lJ v‹gij eh« kwªJél¡TlhJ. mjdhš
jh‹ jªij bgçah® mt®fŸ, mt®ÛJ njr¤Jnuh» vd¥ g£l« N£l¥g£l nghJ, äf¤
bjëthd xU és¡f¤ij¤ jªjh®.

eh‹ njr¤Jnuh»jh‹,
njr¤Jnuh»jh‹, Ϫj k©âš gh®¥gd #hÂ, gw gŸS #h , N¤Âu #hÂ
v‹»‹w #hÂfis xê¤Jé£L xnu #hÂahf M¡F»w bjh©oid
nk‰ngh£L¡bfh©L thG»wt‹. Ï¥go¢ brŒtJ jh‹ njr¤Jnuhf« v‹whš eh‹
filÁ tiu njr¤Jnuh»ahf¤jh‹ ÏU¡f éU«ò»nw‹.

v‹W Ϫj k©âny gÂÎ brŒjt® mt®jh‹. Ï¥g Ï‹d¡» xU F‰w¢rh£il

it¡»wh®fŸ, v‹d F‰w¢rh£L? Ïnjhl eh‹ Ko¡fQ«. Ϫj xU F‰w¢rh£nlhL
eh‹ Ko¡fQ«, buh«g neu« ngÁ£nl‹D ãid¡»nw‹. bgçah® ngUy v‹d
F‰w¢rh£il it¡»wh‹? Ït® jhœ¤j¥g£lt®fS¡F vijÍ« brŒaéšiy‹D
it¡»wh‹. m«ng¤fh® ngUy v‹d it¡»wh‹? Ït® jhœ¤j¥g£lt®fS¡F¤
jiyt®, ÉgL¤j¥g£lt®fS¡F x©Q« brŒay§fwh‹. ÏJ Ïu©L¡F« gš
brhšè£L v‹Dila ciuia eh‹ ãiwÎ brŒa éU«ò»nw‹.

jªij bgçah® äf¤ bjëthf¢ brh‹dh® giwa‹ g£l« nghfh

nghfhkš N¤Âu¥g£l«
nghfhJ .

#h v‹gJ jå xU t‹åa® mšy, giwa® mšy, bu£oah® mšy, br£oah®

mšy, It is institution Ϫj Ï‹°ooÍõid KGikah mê¡fhk #h nghfhJ, X‹W.
Ïij v§nf mt® btë¥gL¤J»wh® v‹whš v›tsÎ öu« jhœ¤j¥g£lt®fsJ
éLjiyæny m¡fiw bfh©oU¡»wh® v‹W tuyhW brhšY»wbj‹whš, mt®
ngÁaij všyh« v¥go nt©LkhdhY« Âç¤J¥ ngryh«. Mdhš jhœ¤j¥g£lt®
fS¡bf‹W xU c¢r Ïl« ÏU¡»‹wJ. tuyh‰W¥ gÂény xU c¢rkhd Ïl«
ÏU¡»‹wJ. mš m«ng¤f® njh‰W¥ nghŒéL»‹wh®. mªj¤ njhšéia mt® ntW
éjkhf x¥ò¡bfhŸ»wh®. ódh x¥gªj«. mªj ódh x¥gªj¤Âny v‹d
brhšèæU¡»wh®fŸ? gyngU¡F¤ bjçahJ ódh x¥gªj«dh v‹d‹D.

Ï‹iw¡F¥ bgu«gÿ® reserve constituency, eh‹ çr®› bjhFÂæy ngh£o

nghlnw‹. Mdh çr®› bjhFÂæy Ïu£il th¡FKiw ÏUªjhš xU jhœ¤j¥g£ltU«
nghfyh«, xU ÉgL¤j¥g£ltU« mšyJ bghJ #hÂædU« nghfyh« , v‹d fhuz«
v‹whš, m«ng¤f® m¥bghGnj brh‹dh®. xU jå¤ bjhFÂæy ÏU¡»w xU
nj®ªbjL¡f¥g£l xU eg® ehlhSk‹w cW¥Ãdnuh, r£lk‹w cW¥Ãdnuh KGikahf
jhœ¤j¥g£l k¡fS¡F k£Lnk brayh‰w KoÍ« v‹W brhšy KoahJ. Vbd‹whš mt®
k‰wtuJ th¡ifÍ« bgw nt©oa f£lha¤Âš ÏU¡»wh®. vdnt v§fS¡F Ïu£il
th¡FKiw nt©L«. jhœ¤j¥g£lt®fshš k£Lnk nj®ªbjL¡f¥gl¡Toa xUKiw
nt©Lbk‹W Ïu£il th¡FKiwia¡ nf£lh®. nf£lJ m«ng¤f®, bfhL¤jt®fŸ
btŸis¡fhu®fŸ. v¥bghGJnk ÉgL¤j¥g£lt®fsJ cçikæš, jhœ¤j¥g£lt®fsJ
cçikæš m¡fiwiaÍ« mDjhg¤ijÍ« fh£oa xU r_f« c©bl‹W brh‹dhš mJ
btŸis¡fhu r_f« v‹gš eh« bjëthf ÏU¡f nt©L«. mJ ehL, ngh£o v‹W
tU»w nghJ ml¡FKiw v‹gbjšyh« v‹gJ ntW. muÁaš v‹gJ ntW Mdhš
r_f¡ f©nzh£l¤Âš ÏJ c©ik.

Mf, Ïu£il th¡FKiwia ódh x¥gªj« v‹»‹w mªj x¥gªj¤Â‰F K‹ò

bfh©LtªjnghJ fhªÂ mij v®¡»wh®. v‹d brhšè v®¡»wh® v‹whš,
jhœ¤j¥g£lt®fS¡F éLjiy tªJéL« v‹W brhšè v®¡féšiy. m¥go¡Tl
neuh tªÂUªÂU¡fyh«. Mdhš, fhªÂ v‹d brhš»wh® v‹whš, ``ÏJ ÏJ
jhœ¤j¥g£lt®fis ϪJ kj¤ÂèUªJ Ãç¡»‹w xU ntiyia¢ brŒ»wJ brŒ»wJ’’
wJ’’.
’’. mtU¡F
ϪJ kj¤J nkny buh«g m¡fiw. j‹id rdhjå v‹W x¥ò¡bfh©lt®, gft¤
Ñijjh‹ j‹Dila tê fh£o v‹W brh‹dt®, vªj gft¤ Ñij? c‹Dila m¥gh
brŠr bjhêiyna ÚÍ« brŒaQ«D brh‹d gft¤Ñijna v‹Dila têfh£o v‹W
brh‹dt®. mªj fhªÂ Ϫj Ïu£il th¡Fçikia V‰W¡bfhŸsKoahkš
c©zhéuj« ÏU¡»wh®. ah® bg‰w äf¥bgça Ïy£Áa«? m«ng¤f® bg‰w äf¥bgça
Ïy£Áa cçikia v®¤J, Ïu¤J brŒa nt©Lbk‹W fhªÂ nghuhL»wh®, fhªÂ
c©zhéuj« ÏU¡»wh®, xUehŸ, Ïu©LehŸ, _‹W ehŸ, eh‹F ehŸ fhªÂ
F‰WæU«, Fiy cæUkhf ÏU¡»wh®. fhªÂæDila Jizéah® m«ng¤fçl« nghŒ
v‹Dila fztiu¡ fh¥gh‰W§fŸ, vd¡F kh§fša¥Ã¢ir mëͧfŸ v‹W brhšè
m«ng¤fUila Å£o‰F fhªÂ Jizéah® bršY»wh®. ehbl§F« bfhªjë¥ò.
fh§»u° jiyt®fŸ bfh¤J¥nghŒ ÏU¡»wh®fŸ. xU m«ng¤f® Ϫj njr¤ÂDila
Ãjhit Ϫj eh£il Ï¥go cY¡F»whnu v‹W. všyh¤ jiyt®fS« r«k¤J
é£lh®fŸ. Succumb to precedent v‹W brhšth®fns, fhªÂia¡ fh¥gh‰¿dhš nghJ«
v‹W xU f£lha¤Â‰F všyh¤ jiyt®fS« tªJ é£lh®fŸ. Mdhš m«ng¤fnu
gaªJnghŒé£lh®. m«ng¤fU« »£l¤j£l ifbaG¤J¥ nghl cŸs Nœãiy. Xnu xU
Ét‹,

fhªÂæDila cæ® bgçjh? Ϫj eh£oš ÏU¡»w eh‹»š xUg§F cŸs

jhœ¤j¥g£lt®fë‹ cçik bgçjh v‹whš fhªÂ fhªÂ rhtjhdhY« rhf£L«,
ifbaG¤J¥nghlhnj v‹W xU jªÂ nghdbj‹whš,
nghdbj‹whš, mJ jªij bgçahçläUªJ nghd
jªÂ.

m«ng¤f® gaªJ ifbaG¤J¥ ngh£Lé£lh®. Mdhš rç¤Âu« brhšY»wJ.

fhªÂ cæuh? jhœ¤j¥g£lt®fë‹ khdkh, cçikah v‹W nf£lhš, fhªÂ nghdhš
v¤jidnah fhªÂ tUth®fŸ, Mdhš Ú§fŸ ifbaG¤J¥nghlhÔ®fŸ v‹W
m«ng¤fU¡F¤ jªÂ bfhL¤j xU kf¤jhd jiyt‹ jªij bgçah®. mt®ÛJ
Ï‹iw¡F jhœ¤j¥g£lt®fS¡F vÂçia¥ nghy Á¤jç¥ò. éthj« el¡f£L«. fhªÂ
xU bgça flÎsšy. bgçah® xU flÎsšy, bgçahçl« Fiw fhzyh«, F‰w«
fhzyh« , jtwšy, Mdhš MŒÎ v‹W tU»w nghJ ÏijÍ« fz¡»š vL¤J¡bfhŸs
nt©L«.

m«ng¤f® ÛJ Ï‹bdhU F‰w¢rh£L. mt® ÉgL¤j¥g£lt®fS¡F vijÍnk

brŒaéšiy v‹W. jhœ¤j¥g£lt®fS¡F ÏlxJ¡ÑL bg‰W¡bfh©lh® v‹W mt®ÛJ
xU F‰w¢rh£L. gh®¥gj‰F¤ njh‰w¤Â‰F c©ikia¥ nghš njh‹W«. c©ikjh‹
Vbd‹whš, 1931 yjh‹ rh thç¡ fz¡bfL¥ò filÁahf KoÍJ. mJ¡F¥ ÃwF rhÂ
thç¡ fz¡bfL¥ò¡ »ilahJ. k¡fŸ bjhif¡ fz¡bfL¥òjh‹ nghŒ¡»£L ÏU¡F.
x›bthU Ålh t®wh‹. nlh® e«g® vGJwh‹. ng® vGJwh‹ . v‹d #h‹D Ï¥g
nf¡fwJ Ïšy. Mdhš btŸis¡fhu®fŸ 1931 tiu 10 M©LfS¡F xUKiw
#hÂiaÍ« nr®¤J, x›bthU #hÂÍ« v›ts΋D fz¡bfL¤j tH¡f« ÏUªjJ.
mij¡ filÁah v«.í.M® g©â¥gh®¤jh®. t‹åa®fS¡F ÏlxJ¡ÑL‹D tªj¥g
#h thçah¡ fz¡bfL‹D brh‹dh®. vL¤jh§f. jäœeh£nlhl k¡fŸ bjhif 4
nfho. Ïé§f bfh©L£L tªj bjhif 12 nfho. t‹åa® 8 nfho‹£lh‹, MÂÂuhél®
32 nfho‹£lh‹, V©lh bkh¤j¤ bjhifna 4 nfho Ït§f bfh©LtªjJ 12 nfho
v«.í.Muhy x©Q« g©z Koay. 1931 ny #h thç¡ fz¡bfL¥ig Ko¤jh®fŸ.
mj‰F K‹ng ah® m‹ l¢rß v‹W Ô®khå¤J é£lh®fŸ xU bgça c©ikia¤
bjçŠR¡fQ«. ah® ÉgL¤j¥g£lt‹D btŸis¡fhu murh§fnkh mšyJ ntW vªj
murh§fnkh ã®khâ¡féšiy. Ϫj Cçny xU ÉgL¤j¥g£lt® xçrhény K‰g£l
tF¥Ãduhf ÏU¡f¡TL«. xU CUy fΩl®, Ï‹bdhU CUy fÎlh, fΩl®
v«.Ã.Á, fÎl® Ã.Á. f®ehlfhÎy njtfÎlhΡF brhªj¡fhu®fŸ Ϫj¡ fÎlh¡fŸ v~¥.
Á. Mf, ng¡nt®£ »shi[ ã®za« g©wJ§fwJ xU murh§f¤Â‰F fZlkh ÏUªjJ.

Mdh jhœ¤j¥g£lt®fis ã®za« g©wJ vëjhf ÏUªjJ. v‹d fhuz«dh?

_nz fhuz«jh‹ Unseeable, unapproachable and untouchable - gh¡fhk vtd
ÏU¡fQ«D brhšwnkh, c§fS¡F¤ bjçahJ, gy ngU¡F¤ bjçahJ. ÂUbešntè
kht£l¤Âny òuj t©zh‹D xU #hÂ. v›tsÎ bfhLik ghU§f. òuj t©zh‹D
xU #hÂ, mt®fŸ rha§fhy« 6 kâ¡F nkyjh‹ btëa tuQ«. rha§fhy« 6 kâ¡F
nky tªJ všyh Å£LyÍ« Jâ vL¤Â£L¥ nghæ Ïuh¤Âç 12 kâ¡F¥ nghŒ
bjhit¢Á£L mÂfhiy 6 kâ¡F nghŒ všyh® Å£LyÍ« ÂU¥Ã¡ bfhL¤Â£L gfš
KG¡f gL¤J¡fQ«. gfèš elkhodhš f£oit¤J cij¤jh®fŸ òujt©zh®D xU
#hÂa. 1927 tiu¡F«. Ï¥g xU 50, 60 tUl¤Â‰F K‹dho tiu¡F« òuj t©zh®§fw
xU #h Nçaid¥ gh®¤jšiy. btë¢r¤ij¥ gh®¤jšiy. nj® v¥go ÏU¡F«Q
mtD¡F¤ bjçahJ. rhä v¥go ÏU¡F«Q bjçahJ. bjU v¥go ÏU¡F«Q bjçahJ.
fhiy 6 kâ¡FŸ ÏuΡFŸshfnt j‹Dila thœ¡if¢ r¡fu¤ij Ko¤J¡ bfh©l
xU nftykhd ãiy òuj t©zh®§fw xU #h¡F ÏUªjJ. Mf untouchability is visible
- ah® ahbušyh« jhœ¤j¥g£lt‹? ah® ahbušyh« Ô©lhik¡F M£gL»wh‹ v‹»w
g£oaš btŸis¡fhuål« ÏUªjJ. ÏJ m«ng¤fU¡F <ìah ÏUªJ¢R. t£lnkir
kheh£L¡F¥ nghF«nghJ« rç, btŸis¡fhu‹ nghdÃwF mt® tiuΡFGény
ÏUªj nghJ« rç, ah® ahbušyh« jhœ¤j¥g£lt‹ v‹»w g£oaš khãythçahf v‹gJ
m«ng¤fçDila ifæš ÏUªjJ. ifæš ÏUªj fhuz¤jhš jhœ¤j¥g£lt®fS¡F
ÏlxJ¡ÑL‹D KoÎ g©â£lh®.

m¥g ng¡nt®£ ¡shR¡F x©Qnk brŒayah? ng¡nt®£ ¡shR¡F brŠrnj

m«ng¤f®jh‹. Mdh v›tsÎ brŠrh®§fwJjh‹ K¡»a«. Ï‹iw¡F« ong£y ÏU¡F.
Constituent Assembly ong£y ÏU¡F. muÁaš r£l¤ÂDila 16 tJ ÃçÎ cg ÃçÎ 4 tJ
c£ÃçÎjh‹ employment opportunity - g¤Â ngR»wJ. Ï‹iw¡F ntfkhf¥
ngÁ¡bfh©oU¡»nwhnk Socially and educationally backward v‹W. Ϫj Socially and
educationally backward v‹»w th®¤ijia Kj‹Kjyhf tiuaW¤jt® m«ng¤f®. mJ¡F
K‹dho any class v‹W ÏUªjJ. Any class which was not adequately represented - ÏJ jh‹
tiuΤ Ô®khd«. 16 tJ Ãçéš Ïuhn#ªÂu Ãurh¤ jiyikæš m«ng¤f® k£Lnk
ÏUªJ filÁtiu vGÂa mªj tiuΡ FG éthj¤ij¥ go¤J¥ gh®¤Â§f‹dh, 16 ( 4 )
èny Kjšy v‹d brh‹dh®fŸ v‹whš, vªj r_f« nghÂa msΡF ÃuÂã¤Jt¥
gL¤j¥gléšiynah muR¥gjéfëš mt®fS¡F ÃuÂã¤Jt« ju¥glnt©L« v‹W
ÏUªjJ. mij kh‰¿, ÃçÎ 15 (4) I¢ nr®¤J, mJ m¥go ÏU¡f¡TlhJ Any class ‹D
ÏU¡f¡TlhJ socially educationaly backward class -‹D
‹D ÏU¡fQ« v‹W ngh£lt®
m«ng¤f®. ÏJ x‹W. Ï‹bdh‹W,

m«ng¤f® 10.10.1951 Ïš çir‹ g©wh®. xU mik¢r® çir‹ g©â£L btëna

tU»w bghGJ eh‹ V‹ çir‹ g©nw‹fwJ¡F fhuz§bfhL¡fQ«. eh‹ xU
nfÃd£ mik¢r®, nfÃd£ mik¢r® eh‹ ehis¡F çir‹ g©ând‹D t¢R¡f§f, I
am entitled to file a paper, why I am to resigning eh£L k¡fS¡F¤ bjçaQ« Ïšiyah?
eh‹ V‹ çir‹ g©nw‹D bjçaQ« Ïšiyah? mJ¡fhf muÁaš r£l¤Ânyna xU
mik¥ò ÏU¡F. ¥buhÁ#®yna ÏU¡F gh®èbk©£ ¥buhÁ#®y. m¥go m«ng¤f® r£l
mik¢ruhf ÏUªJbfh©L btëna¿ tU»w bghGJ mt® xU Mtz¤ij rk®¥Ã¡f
Ka‰Á brŒ»wh®. mj‰F neU murh§f¤jhš mDk bfhL¡f Koaéšiy. mt®
btëa tªjJ« mªj ng¥giu¡ bfhL¤JéL»wh®. Ïj¤jh‹ eh‹ gh®èbk©oš
go¡»nw‹D. mÂy mt® brhš»wh®,

mt® xU äf¥bgça bghUshjhuthÂ. bgçabghUshjhuth Problem of rupee-

xU ò¤jf« vGÂæU¡»wh®. mªj¥ò¤jf¤ij Ï‹iw¡F« k‹nkhf‹Á§
go¤J¡bfh©oU¥gjhf ehlhSk‹w¤Âš mtnu gÂÎ brŒÂU¡»wh®. The evaluation of
the provincial finance in British India m¥go‹D xU f£Liu vGÂæU¡»wh®. mªj¡
f£Liu¡F äf¥ bgça ghuh£LjšfŸ všyh« »il¢ÁU¡F. Mf, ehza¤Â‹ kÂ¥ò,
cyf¢ rªijæ‹ kÂ¥ò v‹W Ï‹iw¡F¥ ngR»w mªj kÂ¥igbašyh« mt® ngÁat®.
v‹id V‹ mªj Finance Committee ã r«kªj¥g£l FGéš V‹ nghléšiy
v‹gj‰fhf xU fhuz¤ij¢ brhšY»wh®.

Ïu©lhtJ fhuz«, ÉgL¤j¥g£lt®fS¡F ÏlxJ¡ÑL junt©Lbk‹W eh‹

F¿¥Ã£oU¡»nw‹. mj‰F muÁaš r£l¤ÂDila ÃçÎfëš eh‹ cça V‰gh£il¢
brŒÂU¡»nw‹. muÁaš r£l¤Â‹ 340 tJ ÃçÎ to investigate the backwardness of the
community in each state Vbd‹whš v‹»£l g£oaš »ilahJ. ah® ÉgL¤j¥g£lt‹?
jäœeh£oš t‹åa® ÉgL¤j¥g£ltuh? K¡Fy¤njh® ÉgL¤j¥g£ltuh? ehlh®
ÉgL¤j¥g£ltuh v‹»‹w g£oaš vd¡F¤ bjçahJ. nfushény ah®
ÉgL¤j¥g£lt‹? kfuhZou¤Âny, xçrhény ah® ÉgL¤j¥g£lt‹ v‹»‹w g£oaš
»ilahJ. Mdhš muÁaš r£l¤Âš 340 tJ Ãçéš eh‹ brhšèæU¡»nw‹. A
commission should be appointed to investigate the backwardness of the community and to
give representations to all the corners v‹W mt® brhšèæU¡»‹wh®. Ï¥go xU
Miza« mik¡fnt©Lbk‹W muÁaš r£l¤Âš eh‹ vGÂé£nl‹. neUél« eh‹
gyKiw F¿¥Ã£L brhšèæU¡»nw‹. Ϫj Miza¤ij Kiwahf xG§FgL¤Â
Xuh©L, Ïu©L M©LfS¡FŸshf #hÂ¥g£oaš všyh« vL¤J vL¤J mt®fS¡F
é»jh¢rhu mo¥gilæš Ïl xJ¡ÑL junt©Lbk‹W ehlhSk‹w¤ÂY«,
neUél¤ÂY« gyKiw T¿é£nl‹. Mdhš mt®fŸ mij¢ brŒa kW¡»wh®fŸ v‹W
Ïu©lhtJ fhuz«.

_‹whtJ fhuz«. buh«g K¡»akhd fhuz«. Hindu Code Bill Ï‹iw¡F eh«
brhšY»nwh«. clnd Ïnyrh Ão¡fny‹dh¡Tl ilt®°§fwh‹ Ï‹iw¡F.
Ão¡fny‹dh kzK¿Î. òUr‹ bgh©lh£o¡FŸ jfuhW. kz K¿Î. Ϫj kzK¿it
xU fhy¤Âš KoahJ v‹W brh‹dh®fŸ. bg©fS¡F¢ brh¤Jçik jªjt® jiyt®
fiyP®. Mdhš Ϫj brh¤Jçikia 1950 fëš Hindu Code Bill èš bfh©L£L t®wh®
m«ng¤f®. xU rhÂa« rh®ªj Ϫj ϪJ kj¤Âš v‹bd‹d K‹nd‰w§fis,
v‹bd‹d kWky®¢Áia ÂUkz¤Âš, brh¤Âš cŸth§»¡ bfhŸ»‹w mšyJ
mfkz Kiwæš cŸth§» xU thœéaš Mjhu§fëš v¥go¥g£l eilKiwæš Áéš
r£l« ÏU¡f nt©Lbk‹W Hindu Code Bill brhš»wJ. mªj Hindu Code Bill g‰¿ mt®
brhšY»wnghJ, buh«g¤bjëthfnt brhš»wh®: ÏJtªJ xU äf¥bgça, ÏJtiu
ahU« vL¤Âuhj xU äf¥bgça Ka‰Á. Ϫj Ka‰Áia eh‹ vL¡fnt©Lbk‹W
Mir¥g£L neUél« eh‹ nf£l nghJ, neU x¥ò¡bfh©lh®. Mdhš v‹d
fhuz¤Âdhnyh, j‹id Agnostic v‹W brhšè¡bfh©l neU, j‹id gF¤j¿ÎthÂ
v‹W brhšè¡bfh©l neU, #h »ilahJ v‹W brhšè¡bfh©l neU ϪJ kj¤Âš
eh‹ ifit¥gij, bg©fS¡F brh¤Jçik bfhL¥gij, bg©fS¡F kzK¿Î
tH§Ftij, bg©fS¡F¤ ÂUkz¤Âš Áy rYiffis tH§Ftij x¥ò¡bfhŸs
kW¡»wh®. _jhija® brh¤Âš bg©fS¡F cçiknt©L« v‹W eh‹ F¿¥Ã£L
ÏU¡»nw‹. Ϫj kh‰w§fisbašyh« brŒtj‰F neUΫ, kªÂçrigÍ«
x¥ò¡bfhŸshj fhuz¤Âdhš eh‹ btënaW»nw‹ v‹W mt® brhš»wh®. v‹d
fhuz«.
x‹W, Finance Committee- æš j‹id V‹ nghléšiy? Ïu©L, ng¡ nt®£ ¡sh°
fäõ‹ brhšè Ϥjid M©Lfhykhæ‰nw mt®fS¡F V‹ Ï‹D« Ú§fŸ
ÏlxJ¡ÑL tH§Ftj‰F vªj¡ fhuzK« brhšyéšiy, mªj Miza¤ij V‹
mik¡féšiy. Hindu Code Bill V‹ juéšiy v‹Wjh‹ mt® j‹Dila Ïuhídhkh¡
foj¤ij¤ jU»wh®. Mf, ÉgL¤j¥g£l k¡fS¡F¢ brŒa nt©L«. brŒa¤
Jâªjt® m«ng¤f®. mj‰fhd všyh mo¥gil V‰ghLfisÍ« muÁaš r£l¤ÂY« ,
mt® Ëdhš bfh©L tªj r£lknrhjhéY« bfh©L tªJ nr®¤jt® m«ng¤f®.

Ïij k‰wt®fŸ òçªJ bfhŸs nt©L«. bgçah® fhªÂ¡F vÂuhf

m«ng¤fU¡F vGÂa jªÂia òçªJ bfhŸs nt©L«. Ϫj Ïu©L jiyt®fS«,
Ïu©L js¤Âš ÁW ÁW kh‰w§fnshL Ïa§»dhY«TlÏa§»dhY«Tl,
Tl, mt®fSila
thœ¡ifbašyh«, j‹Dila thœehbsšyh« Ϫj k¡fŸ fšéahš, bghUshjhu¤jhš
ÉgL¤j¥g£l Ϫj k¡fŸ thHnt©Lbk‹gj‰fhf mj‰F vÂuhf ÏU¡»w ÏU¡»w
bfhŸiffisbašyh« jf®¤J v¿ªjt®fŸ.
v¿ªjt®fŸ. filÁahf xU nfŸé. Ït® Ï‹iw¡F«
njit¥gL»whuh? v‹W nf£»wt®fŸ ÏU¡»wh®fŸ.

bgçah® Ï›tsbtšyh« ngÁdh® rç. Ïbjšyh« ÏU¡Fjh‹D nf¡Fwh®. 1973 y

mtUila Ãwªj ehëš bgçah® brh‹dj filÁah eh‹ thÁ¡fQ« .

``50 tUlfhykhf Rakçahij Ïa¡f« rh¤jJ v‹d v‹W gh®¤jhš, Á¿J go¥ò,
Á¿J c¤nahf« bgw ne®ªjnjhL muÁaèš Ãuhkz®fë‹ bfh£l¤ij ešy msÎ
ml¡»‰W v‹gjšyhkš, rKjha¤Jiwæš ÏêΫ, bghUshjhu xL¡fY« ešy
msΡF gy« bg‰Wé£lJ v‹Wjh‹ eh‹ brhšYnt‹’’.

ÏJ bgçah® rh»wtiu¡F« brh‹dh®. bgçah® rh»w nghJTl jh‹

bt‰¿bg‰W é£ljhf v¥nghJ« brhšè¡bfh©ltušy. Ï‹iw¡F« v‹d el¡»wJ.
eh‹ K‹ng F¿¥Ã£lij¥ nghy nrJ¤Â£l« Ï‹W ãiwntwhjj‰F¡ fhuz« Ϫj
ϪJ¤Jth v‹»w mik¥ò, ϪJ¤Jth v‹»w bfhŸif.

Ï‹bdh‹D tuyh‰iw¤ Âç¥gj‰F¡ fhuzkhf ÏU¥gJ ϪJ¤Jth. flªj

Ã.n#.à M£Áæš nuhäyh jh¥gU«, o.o.nfhrh«ÃÍ« , AÕ¥ò« vGÂa Âuhél Ïa¡f
rKjha« v‹whš v‹d? ÁªJ rkbtë ehfßf« v‹whš v‹d? v‹gij és¡»dh®fŸ.
ÁªJ rkbtë ehfßf¤Âš fhis khL ÏUªjJ. ÁtbgUkh‹ têghL ÏUªjJ.
m§»Uªjt®fŸ cyf¤Â‹ _¤j FofŸ. v»¥Âny ÃuäLfŸ tUtj‰F K‹dhš, ieš
e¡fiuæš ehfßf« mU«òtj‰F K‹dhš ÁªJ rkbtë ehfßf«, irdhéDila
bgUŠRt® tUtj‰F K‹dhš ÁªJrkbtë ehfßf« ca®ªÂUªjJ. mj‰F¢
brhªj¡fhu®fŸ bj‹åªÂahény ÏU¡f¡Toa Âuhél®fŸ v‹»‹w mªj tuyh‰iw¥
òu£o, Ïšiy. mJ fhis khL Ïšiy, FÂiujh‹. mJ ÁªJ rkbtë mšy. ϪJ
rkbtë. btëna ÏUªJ Mça®fŸ tuéšiy. ϧnfjh‹ ÏUªjh®fŸ v‹»‹w
tuyh‰W¥ òu£il Ï‹iw¡F« brŒJ bfh©oU¡»wh®fŸ. b#Œghš bu£ojh‹ xUKiw
brh‹dh®, gh®èbk©£y. bluç°£lg¤Â ngÁ¡»£L ÏUªjh§f. mt® brh‹dh®,
neuoah J¥gh¡»ia vL¤J¡bfh©L xU eh£oYŸs kåj®fis¢ RLtJ v‹gJ ntW
mJ bluç°£. Mdhš Kuë kndhf® n#hî ÏU¡»whnu Ït® bl¡°£ ò¡ bluç°£
v‹W b#Œghš bu£o brh‹dh®. ghl¤Â£l¤Âš xU ga§futhÂ, ghlüš ga§futh .
tuyh‰iw¤ Âç¤J¡ TW»w ϪJ¤Jth mik¥òfŸ Ï‹dK« ÏUªJ bfh©oU¡»wJ.
nrJ rK¤Âu¤Â£l¤ij Kl¡»¥ nghLtj‰F Ï‹dK« ϪJ¤Jth ÏU¡»wJ.

Ϫj¢
Ϫj¢ Nœãiyæš bgçahU«, m«ng¤fU« ÏU és¡Ffshf cŸsd®,
cŸsd®, Ϫj
ÏUis Ú¡Ftj‰F ϪjϪj és¡Ffis Ïu©L iffëY« VªÂ¥VªÂ¥ nghuhLtj‰F
K‹tUnth«. mJjh‹ Ϫj¡ fU¤ju§f¤Â‹ ga‹ v‹W brhšè éilbgW»nw‹.
e‹¿. tz¡f«.