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yh vLJ brhyiyah? Mfnt yh
jh ahF bt cy bga ms Kft
id fhosJ vgid ahU kWf KoahJ.
yhK-dh: dh W 14 rjj bga
ikdho r_fkhf yha thwd. fgh
ck(u mtf fhy d brW nrf
eyit vw u[]yyh thFgo dh
yh fhyo itjJ. mnghJ dhid M
brj nj d kd nfl vw l xU
gthr fl mDkajh. mjg W
csJ. yha khf dh fa Xiw
bfhifF xJnghdjh yhafSbfW
j Foaik VgL bfhLjh. Mfnt mnua
ghuf kf bgU ms mj FoUF
tjhf. mtf A] djt vd miHfg
lhf. mtf d fyhrhuJl yha
nfhghLfSl elJ bfhld. Mfnt mtfis
df Mjul eldhf. kwtf nkF
gF tF T djt. mtf f
JUahF. mtf d fyhrhu nruhk j
gghLfSl elJ bfhld. Mfnt df
mtfis vnghJnk rnjf fQl nehdhf.
yha fg tffiy wJ sa
jh mtf _y jf bghUfis nkiy ehL
20

ndhnu nfSf[
fSF mDg, btehLfUJ bghUfis
wFk bra fW bfhlhf. 13M
who rh d M JiwKf ilul b#du
yhf xU K UUwh. jf bghUfis
cq khbfonyna thg brj df
yha cjah bt ehLf jf tjf
cwit VgLdhf. mJ kLky dh m
uid VgLanj yha vwJ tuyhW.
d bkh yha gilf Vgld. d
bkh Kj Kj R kh o vw d
mnua bkhUJ UFMid bkh bga
jh. mUtUghd #Jfis czthf cl d
fSF Ayh czid cQ gHfid
fWjjd. eh 1979M ML v jijid
knyah fhz brY t f brnw.
mnf xU d nAhl eh #J vd
brhY eLth vw fUnjfis TLF
itUjd. f thj vdJ f njhH
rh kiufhl mJ vjfhf itUwhf
vnw. mt df mitfis U rhLt
jhf brhdh. mitfis jehLfhuf bfhL
tJ gjhf brhdh. Mdh 2001M ML
eh mbkfh cs rntYF brY
nghJ mnf xU d nAhlYF vdJ kUkf
Tobrwh. mnf vd Mra fhghJyh
r, kdh glf, MaJ Fu, mAJ Nuh
Mait bga ms khlgL Ayh cz
vW vGjgoUjJ. mj nAhl ntiy
ghgt mjid ngfS d Kfns. mj
nAhl mbkffS U tJ rhL
whf. J vjid fhLwJ vwh yh
cz xU u VgL Ayh-Auh vw
ntWghLfis d kfSF nghJ mtfis
kjfshf MsJ Mrajhnd!
21

lhl. V.. KfkJ m

ulh cyf nghUF d mbkfh
if XaJ. mj isjh cy gy nfhoUj
jfis bfhL tJ ghyd eho Fona
dK mnf yha k gjw vgLwJ.
nu jf FonaaF TLgil ehLf
brhd fhuz vd bjkh? jf Ahnyh
fho ghfgltf vW mDjhg fh
oaJ. Mdh jfis yha ntilahodhfsh
iyna! Inuha b#kha y jhnd
ntilahoajhf TwglJ. Mfnt mF brW
mtfis FoakUfyhnk vW cyf yh
aU dnjhW mgh ghyd gLghil
ghj eLiyahsfS nffhkiyna!
yha iybawh cy gntW kj
d nghuhfSl mbkfh TLgil ngh
bjhLf neUF. Vbdwh jdF ofhj
muRfis gzK bghUS MjK bfhLJ
fgJ mij nghdh kfis fhnw
#dehafid iy WJnw vw nghit
jdJ Mj gyid fhLtJkhf UwJ. mjF
cjhuzfis tUlf-ghfgl ehLf th
ahf nH ghfyh:
bfhah(1950)<uh(1953)Fthlkhyh(1954)fhlh
fh(1955)ah(1957)njhndah(1958)nlhk
bug(1960)bgU(1960)<Fthl(1960)fhnfh
(1960)aeh(19611973)gh(1961)nu(1964)(1972)mnfhyh
(1975)fuhFth(1980)bygdh(1982)
uldlh(1983)gdhkh(1989)<uh(1991)(2003)nrhkhah
(1993)nghah(1994)bfhrhth(1999)
Mfhjh(2001) filahf ah(2011).
22

ndhnu nfSf[
nknfh fhoa goago yha kL
kyhk gntW ehLf mbkfh Mfjh
ghfgLsd vgJ sFwJ jhnd. rg
fhyf yha kd Fj frz
VgLsJ. Mfnt mbkfh kW nkiy ehLf
flj fhy yha M rjik kwt
fis kF Fz kfis khfshf fUjhJ rnfhju
fshf fUJ kdghik, rh rkhjhd nghW
elJ bfhL nghUF Mfis fF
KafSF jkj cik wYF bryL
gzid jf ehLfSF yhj ehLf f
Rfhjhu, RWw NH, ntiyth, bjhrhiy
Foj, nuhL tr nghwitfSF brylh
vyh ty myh mtfSF ethid
bfhLgnjhL midJ njr kfS thahu thJ
thf vwh rjhnd brhjfns!

23

lhl. V.. KfkJ m

thf vnyhUnk nrJ xwhfnt

th fhzyh kfh kdhit!
yha flikahf fUjgL A{i# iw
ntw ghlgl yha ghlf ghL jh
jiyghf jJns. Iahu MLf Knd
elj mu ehonyh ahf brk e uh
(miy) mtf VfJt Jid nrhj myh
fliszf mUik kfdh kh(miy)
mtfis mWJ gl idj nghJ jLJ W
mid Ahuh kd Fu kfDF gyhf bfhGj
Moid ruhafhf gL Fgh vw
rlid brJ KoJ cwh cwd viH vnah
gJ cL kG ahf bgUeh jh A{
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kh(miy) mtf jhfid f Xo
miyJ fisUj neu kf fhYfo
cyf Ahf jhf F xU bt usa jh
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fhy f~gh vw iw Mya Vf iwF khW
br KDwWgJ iyf itJ n#htoJ
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[) mtf cjhf. m m vw eifF
24

ndhnu nfSf[
ghukhd e eatf eho elF mdhrhu
fis fL kd btJ <uh Fif jUJ,
jtUJ thdtu nfhkh (miy) mtf bgU
khdhUF iwt mUa Phd flid th tH
iw Jjuhf mJ, W 150 nfho Kf thH
L ru f thj kik f kfh kdh
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iu mik gilbaLf mojslJ vwh
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Ahf TW mra A{ mDgtfis nfl
K kfs ViH gzfhu vw ahryhJ
th xU ehshtJ mj cyf kf xW To
xWik j ghL cdj efufis ghJ L
koa ntL vW aJ brwd. mtf
trfhf mnua muR jhuhskhd 30 yr rh
fis tH, ahaf mUnshl tgl w
ghd VghLfis xbthU tUlK VghL brJ
jUtid fTlhf ghnwh. xbthU yha
ehL kW kj rhgw ehLfS A{ gazfhf
gntW rYiffis tHFwd. ahid
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A{ fofS csd. muR t A{ fof
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tHFwJ. mnj nghW brtjf tajhd tr
giljtf muR zF bryid l U
klF bry brJ A{ bra w VghLl Toa
jah A{-cuh r WtdfS csd
vgid midtU mt. J nghW rfis
elJ WtdfSF xbthU tUlK Fl
ms murh Ahf gazL xJfgLwJ
vgid midtU mjnj!
25

lhl. V.. KfkJ m

rg fhyf A{ r <Lgl jah
Wtdf Vgl y FHgf ftiy jUtjhf
mikJsJ. jHf 1999- 2000 M ML vd
idnw rhF AJ vgt A{ r el
gy gzid bgW bfhL A{#]F mDg
Koahk nghdJ, mJ rgjkhf ...I.o xU
tHF YitUjJ. mj mt bgfq
yh xU foj vG itJ L jbfhiy
brjJ f m jj brahF. mj
foj jh A{#]fhf tN brj gzid
kzo bjh brj xU VkhW ngtl
VkhJ g bfhLjjhf vGUjJ gugughd
brahf UjJ yUF Phgf UF. fhy
ngh Md f giHa f fijahf gyUF
njhdyh. Mdh <khDs vtUF mj gjhg
khd f gR ku moj MnghW vW
gRikahf UF vgJ Iaiy.
mJ nghw jtW j tUlK VgL Ug
jhf TwgL mjfhd sffis mj A{#]
gaz VghL brjtf gifahs kw
sf mjJ mjidaLJ 23.11.2010 mW jah
A{ r Wtdfis jil bra ntLbkw
nfhifid itJ xU r_f mik brid
bknkha Ah Mghl brjJ bghJ
jidahsfis mu itjJ. J nghw xU
tHF nfus ca kw jahUF A{ ru[]
fSF l xJo ghugr fhlgLtjhf
Fw rho xU tHid rhf mDkjjhf
xU br 7.4.2010 mW midJ gifY
btahdJ.
a ehoUJ VwjhH 120000 a
Ahf A{ gaz brjjhf br TWwJ. xU
gif MfhL eth trstf kL
A{ brantL tryhjtf muR kha
26

ndhnu nfSf[
Jl A{ brtJ TlhJ vW mif lh. muR
gz midJ kf tgz. muRf kfSF
gntW kj tghoF rYiff brJ bfhL
wd. cjhuzkhf ng gf kiyao thu
cs knuht ahiuF gazrYif tH
sJ. V fhZ gfYs geh nfh
gazF gy rYif brJ bfhLwJ. mgo
UF nghJ muR rYifid tryhj Kf
bgwTlhJ vW trs nfhkhf brhtJ
vjsF ahakhF?
muR kha xU Fl vif bfhl
KfSF jh A{ fo _y bfhLf Ko.
trs Kf muR khayhJ A{ gaz
bra jah Wtdfis mDkUwJ. mJ
nghw jah A{ r[]fis jil bra ntL
vd Mghl brtJ v bjhiyahf UwJ
vw ilna bfhSa fij jh vwh if
ahFkh? jah A{ r vj jtW eljh
mjid fisa vd tf vW Muha ntLnk
ju Kf mfkhf A{ ahiu bra jil
fyhf vj r_f mik Uf TlhJ vw
Mjf jh jid eh vGJnw.
xU Fw rhL y jah A{ rf
KiwnfLfSl elwJ vgJ mLj Fw rhL
xU y jah A{ ru[]fSF ghugr nfus
ca kw jhfgl tHF nghwJ MF.
mJ xU y khf A{ rf elJtjhf
T Ahfis elh L Ltjhf Fw
rhlgLwJ. 25 MLfSF K Jgh nghw
tisFlh ehoF bry ntLbkwh fs
njh Kig _ykhf yif _ykhf
bryt. mtfis miHJ brwtf tisFlh
ehLf fGjs jz w L kfnd c
rkJ vW eLfl L L brW Lt.
27

lhl. V.. KfkJ m

mthW jh y A{ r elJnwh vW
brh Mir thij T gz tN brJ L
ngha rh tuiy vW thLtJ Kiw
yhj brayhF. mJ gthr kh nrit
bra ntoatf jfsJ jiyaha gid
L L A{ r <LgLwd. mj kh
btHik njhW Fgh urf elJtid
xU j o. fho brJ mjid nfrlhf
fgLwJ. mjid onah vLgt gthr
eL bjhGif elJgtfSilna ^ V
W fho brwh. mt ntW kjdt
vW mtl rhJ bjJ bfhnl. is
ahFo. btiro A{ bgUeh bjhGifid
gthrYFns brngh gl oJ bt
ltfSF fldfizf vGggld. V
isahFo gthr tshf elF Ukz
itgtfis ahU onah vLfTlhJ vW
fLghL Tl UFnghJ brid khefu k
UF g eLnt UJ Kkyhjt
onah ^ J V W vLgJ vthW aha
vW bjaiy.
brid Ah ryh mtf Ukz
ffSF fh Jth Xj tUnghJ ahU
onah vLjh mjid mt mDkgiy. V
Nis cs A{ fo elF midJ Ukz
fSF J nghw Kiw fil ofgLwJ. Mdh
mj g kh kL mjid mDkwh V
vgJ MrakhfUwJ. mj khik g th
fdUF 275 ng ifbaGl fhf bfhLf
gL rhuiz bragL 800 ng Mju Ujjh
j gjid jf itJsh vW thfnk
nehO mrofgL btahdJ. eh mj
gF brY nghJ vlK bfhLfglJ.
J nghw jiyik kh xUt U kW L
nuhf ahghu <Lgljh kzo cs
28

ndhnu nfSf[
g mj khik jiyik gjUJ
shf. mj kh jh bt Fgh urfF
jdF cfhJ ngr ehfh ntL vd nfL
bgwt. y khf jfSFs yikid it
J bfhL J nghw mJ wfis yha
rKjha <Lglyhkh vgJ jh v nf.
khfSF muR Xa Tl UF nghJ J
nghw ahu rir fSF khf l
bfhLf TlhJ vW nfL bfhnw.
1)

muR A{ fof jah A{ fofis l

D wghf bra gLj Ko. ka-khy
A{ fof uahz brgtf jfS
fhd czid jhfns VghL brJ bfhs
ntoa iy csJ. Mdh jah elJ
A{ fof mjfhd Vghoid mtfns
brwd. nghJ ka A{ fof
xbthU AhfSF mtf kfh ngh
nrjJ bfhLF 2200 ah gz 700 ah
oj brJ mj AhfSF mtf jF
l ngL(flgl) rhghL _W
ntisfSF mtf j UF lf
tHfyh. gkh gfshnjZ. nfush jeh
oid rhj bk elJgtf mF Vuhskhf
UFnghJ J nghw trfis brayh.
myJ AhfSl miHJ brY tfho
fSF gyhf rikafhuf ghngiu miHJ
brW mtf czF VghL brayh.

2)

dh jUF 5 ehf btW f

buho O jh tHfgLwJ. Mfnt A{ fo
d f[h vw y kfh czid mtf
twhu cz tHfyh.

3)

A{ ehf KojJ Ahf jf l

fSF wgL khd ilf fhJ lF
ehf mtfis b#jh nghw efufSF
29

lhl. V.. KfkJ m

tof _y ifLf Jizl miHJ
brW kfh Ugyh. myJ Kfk mDk
bgW b#jh brWtu mDk L r
cjahsf _y tHfyh.
4)

Ahf U nghJ mtfSl mtf

gaz br khd xU Fl ms
# # j vLJ tu mDkfyh. mjid
L L # # j ntW khd y
ehf fJ mDtjh Ahfis ghf
brgtfSF j tHf Koahk ngh
LwJ.

5)

tajhdtf khWwdhf trahf A{

bra jS tofis mtf gaghofhf
ka A{ fof VghL brayh. jid
xbthU khy mu ka mu r_f ey
Jiwna khWwdhfSfhd kha bjhif
_y mj tofis thf VghL brayh.

6)

ka A{ fof jahUF A{ r elj

mDk tHF nghJ mj jah fbg
fSl fhuh % kW buFnyd go
xgj brJ bfhsyh. xbthU jah A{
r[] xU Fl bjhifid iz
bjhifahf brYj culyh. vj jah
A{ r KiwnfLf <LgLwnjh mtf
blghil gKj brJ mtf nk
A{ r elj mDk tHfhk ghJ
bfhsyh. vgo bl bknuh u uh#o
flgl oJ GJ mjid foa
nfk fol fbg sh brag
lnjh mnj nghw eltoif vLfyh.

7)

jah A{ r AhfSF thFW

bfhLj ri[ rahf braiybawh
mtfis fNk kw _y eZl tHf
ytr rl cj _y eltoif vLfyh.

30

ndhnu nfSf[
8)

xbthU khyY mff gl A{

rfis mtfSF xJfgl l
fis iza jsY ugykhd khy
gifY A{ fo btl ntL.
vj jahU xJfgl lfSF nkyhf
gz tN brahJ ghJ bfhs ntL.

9)

vgo khy t tha cs cWdf

K mikfUJ njbjLf gLwh
fnsh mnj nghW khy A{ fo cW
df mj thfis njbjLfgl
ntL. iybawh tr gilj mua
brthFs ynu mj gjf akd
bragLwd. njbjLfgl cWd
fsh jh Kf jf fUJfis vLJ
brh A{ fof D wghf bragl
Ko.

rj iwj cy 30 yr Ahf kfh

ef iwy miHfgL mfJ myh
yhf yyh- mAJ md KAkJu []yyh
vw ghF rjid nflJ xW To myhA]
mg vW j fo xU F^ Gjh Tl
rj nfwnjh mnj nghW vj Fiw yhj
A{id tU fhyf iwntwyh thU
fns Kfns vd T iw brnw.

31

lhl. V.. KfkJ m

rhjidf bgfSF jiliy!

Rdh vw Mnguiy 2004M ML org
f 26nj bjHF Ma flid cY
bej efufshd flfiu Xu thG gyh
ufzfhd cfis g bfhl dkhd 2010
org f 26nj mW uhkehju khtl
bgaglz vw Kf thG CUJ
cyhrkhf uL glFf mU cs id
ghf brw rnfhju rnfhjf kW mtfSila
FHijf gJFsh 15 ngf gahd br
btahdJ fL midJ csfS m
ciwjd btwh ifahfhJ.
mj nfhurgtid MnghJ fl
fhuzf bjjd:
1)

gl brwtf c fhF rhjdkhf iy

#hbf vw ug ^aid maiy.

2)

gl Riknfg bgfS FHijfS gl

Vwgliy.

3)

gl xU gfnk gSthd bgfS kW gf

FHijfS mku brUjJ.

4)

FHijf crhf miyid if bjhl

KidJ mtfSila gS gl xU gFid
rhUJ rhjJ.

5)

bgf FHijf j isahL bra

id fLgLjhjJ.

6)

bgfSF FHijfSF r gHfik.

32

ndhnu nfSf[
7)

Mgjhd neu vgo c fhgJ vd M

fSF bjahjJ.

8)

kbwhU gl brw y MfSF r

bjahjjh dtf fiuUJ ntbwhU
gl tU tiu g atfis fhghw
ayhjJ.

J nghw gJf mofo Vgljh brwJ

vwhY flfiu Xu thG yha uhk
f thG Cf gogl gJf VgL
nghJ mjid jLf vdd tf vd C #kh
jhf mJ eltoifid nkbfhtJl,
MfS bgfS kW FHijfS flhakhf
r bjl VghL brtJ midJ K
rnfhju rnfhjuf flikahF vwh if
ahFkh?
2004M ML elj Rdh mW v f
njhHD gungilid rhj m mgh
fhiufh rf njhHfSl bl isaho
bfhoUjnghJ, Rdh miy VgL midtU
xU ku V jF nghJ, eg m mgh
kL kunku Koahjjh m gahdh vd
mJ v cs D ntjidah JowJ.
mjidnghW j glF g j mUik
FHijfis jhkhfis g gjf
L L UF K rnfhju rnfhjf iy
vgoUUF vd xU l idJ ghUf.
Mfnt J nghw gJfis jLf vdd
tf vd MuhaJ eltoif vLjh flfiu Xu
kfis nrhf U fthk UFkyth?
1)

foghf Mf Kj FHijf tiu r

gHUf ntL. r UJ kjid
fhghWtJ kLky khwhf wj xU cl
gahF. mJl vts bga blr
UjhY miu kneu rYF brW tjh
33

lhl. V.. KfkJ m

mj kd beUfo xU l gwnjho crhf
nknyhF.
2)

r brgtf kd vjid rhfyh vd

xU vz VgL. mjF cjhuzkhf 26.12.2010
mW Jit xU 38 taJ bgk brj
rhjidid cfSF brhyyhbkd id
nw. ghonr khy aDid rhj
eL taJ bgk uh (38) vgt r
bjahjtfSF z VgLj ntL
bkW xU r gid nkbfhlh. M
nguiy ehsW gho Kdh Kjt ufrh
Kiy xU r Fs jiyid nkny
itJ bfhL fhfis jiu neh Mdh
jiu glhkY, rofhkY xU nyh
l uid fhiy gJ kUJ ka
xU ktiu elJ rhjid brJsh vwh
ghUfns. r rhjid bgfSF y
fy vgid J fhliyah?

3)

y nffyh K bgf fh mJ
cshf, mtfsh vgo r cil j
KobkW. nghJ K bgfSbfd
cl mff bjahJ fh to r
cilf nkiy ehLfY, mnua ehLfY
csd. ekJ bgfSF mjid th bfhLJ
r g bg gahsfis bfhnl
g bfhLfyh. brid nghw efuf
bgfSfhd j neuf r Fsf
xJfgLwd. Fsf cs CfY.
bga fkh FgtfSF Mw fiu
cs K bgf whfSF r g
foghf bfhLf ntL.

4)

y brhthf FRfSF j fW
bfhLfth ntL mtfshf gH bfhthf
vW mrilahf. Mdh J nghW gJf

34

ndhnu nfSf[
Vglh mF VgL c gF mtf kw
tfis Fiw brhyjh mtfSF bjnk
baha mj Fiwfis nghf vLj eltoif
vd vd mtfSF bjahJ. Mfnt tU
fhy J nghw gJf K Cf
VglhjthW eltoif vLgJ midtUila
flikayth rnfhju, rnfhjfns?

35

lhl. V.. KfkJ m

gS JF ngho #h mJ
u br K fk!
KfhL nghoL K bgnz a KfF
v jU K bgnz vW ir KuR ehT
Agh ghoa ghl yha go bjhofby
yh D ikahf xJ bfhLsJ vW
kJ UF eh mj ghl et ehff mbk
fhY u brwJ vwh rW Mrakhf
jhnd UF. midJ <khjhfSF?
mbkfh myhlh khfhzid rhj
35 tajhd FN mJyh bgha Jiw
Muh brJ lhl gl bgwt. mt gS
F ngho neuhf F (bl) 111 nyh
Y kW jh oJ F (ne) 47.5
nyh Y rhjid brJsh. Mdh mj
rhjidahsUF tjnj nrhjid! mJ vd vW
nffsh?
Fkh FN mJyh kw gSF bg
kf nghW miufh fh fil nk Mil
mJ tuhJ KfhLl Toa #h mJ gj
a fyJ bfhL rhjid gilJsh. bghW
ghsfsh nkiy ehL bghahd ehff thf.
mbkfh gS F rfdu cyf gSF
rlid nknfh fho gSFgtf if
fis fh Kofis KlFtid btgil
ahf fhl ntLbkW, Mdh #h m
Ujh mthW ghf KoahJ. Mfnt mt nk
#h mUjh gS F nghof fyJ
36

ndhnu nfSf[
bfhs KoahJ vd mUwhf. Vbdwh
cyf bl gjaf isahL d a
rnfhjf nghy midJ mffS bja cil
ma ntLbkW Uwd. vnd nfty.
xU Xl u XL ntfid, fh
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izj ed fUf UF nghJ, xU gS F
u fh if Kof bjjh jh mt fyJ
bfhs KobkgJ ed cyf PhdF
rthyhf isahL ufSF nf Tjhf
bjaiyah? bl isaho uf
moF gJ vjid ik ntf brwJ, fhW
vjid ik ntf mowJ vgid Jj
khf mf Toa fUf UF nghJ, x
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v fhwh myJ u XL gf Rwjh vW
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Kaahf cfSF bjaiyah? mjF mj
isahL uhfid vd brhwh bjkh?
eh mgogl rlid mwnt btWnw.
J nghw Kid kGa rlfsh kw is
ahL ufS crhfHJ nghof isahL
tfhd Mt FiwJ Lnk vd ftiyail
Jsh.
br. FNDF Mjuthf mbkf K
eYw f bra aFd fh mth
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mbkf th xbthU mfY gF bgW
sd. mtf kj czfis braifahd cil
id bfhL ntW gLj ntlh vd nfL
37

lhl. V.. KfkJ m

sh. mtUila nfhifF gntW mbk
filna Mju bgU bfhLsJ. mjidaJ
k milj br vDila kj czfis
kJ vdF Mju bgUFtid mJ rnjhr
jnw. mJ jh #h mJ gS F
ngho fyJ bfhtF mDkaf cyf
FJ ril fHf knyah thf csJ
vgnj v kj Fnfh gh zW jhoaJ
nghy csJ vd Tsh.
rg <uh eho bgf fh gjhl
FG KG fh rilaJ bfhL isahL
tid mDkf KoahJ vd cyf bgf fh
gjhl rf mJsJ. Mdh cyf gS F
ngho br FNDF mDk ilJ
lh <uh bgf fh gjhl FGDF
D kw isahL nghof K
bgf #h mJ fyJ bfhs vj jF
jil UfhJ. br. FN iw eifF
vjs clYF csF eyJ vW xU
Muh _y bjfyh vd vQnw. mbk
fh bgntah gyfiy fHf r_f Mths
nlhg bfo X Mid 1972M ML
Kj 2006 tiu nkbfhlh. mj MDF 423
egfis Muhjh. m 96 ng kjkhw brJ
bfhld. 54ng iw tghoUJ y
ld. Mdh nsh.jfis KGikahd
iw tgoY, iwkiw brhdgo eljjh
r_f ey, cl ey kW edlijl wJ
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FN Ka bt bgw myh RAhdjhyh
mU a nto bfhnthkh rnfhjfns!
38

ndhnu nfSf[

mGjJ nghJ rKjhank MbjG!

23.10.2010nj
J gif F#uh
Kdh fhu v.. v. #hnu mtfS kW
mt o j{r Fj Fgfh brhiro
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cyf K r_fid f bfhLjh csd
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mkJ vLJ bfhl idglid cf
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39

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ahiu Rkh lhJ vgzf F#uh Kdh
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brJsJ.
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vgo njj neu brid mzhrhiyYs
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j jykhf y bgausYs KfS, K
myhjtU tUif jJ glhil nghJwh
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wd. Mdh Kf J tKiw flJ
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ygth ntL j Ueho vw nf cf
kd vGtJ ahakhdnj!
J nghw gafu bfhLikf cyf K
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brf tj tz jh csd. cjhuzkhf:
40

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1)

ghyd gFf MuJ mnf jf

Lfis fl mDk mJ, mnfs ghy
d kf Lfis nlh[ bfhL jiu
klkhF nghJ kd btJa FLgJl
RWyh tj mbkf uhnf bfh mj
nlh[iu jLJ WJ nghJ, j FHijf
fbznu nlh[uh eRfgl fhid
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khW wdh Tl thL fjwjh L.

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ah Ljiyfhf nghL Fnkil Va

kh ck Kjhid idL khu <uh
eho mg rjh A]ir ngu Mj
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rjh A]irid JofJof ny
L Mu gil bfhw mgh bghJ
kf kL vts bjkh? 66081 ngf.
uthf vW brhygLgtf btW 15196
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kj gLbfhiy <Lgld vW brh
41

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rhuiz <LglJ. mJnghw Fw
<Lgljhf Nlh #dhg KfkJ m g J
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vwh ifahfhFkh?
1)

42

ehnjhW ghjhnyh, <uhnyh myJ

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tif gntW mikf bfhl yif #
43

lhl. V.. KfkJ m

aJ cykh vw xUiz FG cUth
sJ. mj FG vLj khdf tUkhW:
1)

yha nguPf k njha fUJ

ntWghLf r_fid sgLj Twgld
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ait vgid J bfhs.

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elj.

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gtiu vJ gij jj.

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rKjha mikf nghy xWikl xUizf
xU Ka nyh nghW jHfY njitna
44

ndhnu nfSf[
vgid fhliyah? y ehfSF K xU
thugif Uilnr rgtid xU r_f
mik jiytiu rgjgL xU fLfij
bttjJ. mjid ghJ kw r_f jiytf
y Kfkyjid, mjid bjhlJ mj
jiyt J mj mik J
gy fld
fizf oah tubjhld. mJ nghw
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l f nghW l ntosJ. ekJ bghJ
vid vbfhtid L L rnfhju
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ntL. iwa mtru njit rKjha xWikjh.
mj rKjha xWik Ujh kLnk iwa
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f nghW bgw Ko, rKjha rnfhjuJt
id iyehl Ko, ViH KfSF rkJt
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fis xUizJ xU nrha mntf
~u mjhtJ rKjha vG mik VgLj
yhnk ekJ af jiytf. mjF jfSila
nkyhd fUJfis bjf ntLnw!

45

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bjG mikL
rKjha vG m
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kW gy rnfhjf rKjhaid jo vGg f
vd nahrid itUf vw nfid
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id Rfkhf mUkUjhf Ufnt UwJ m
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rghf RHW ciHjh kLnk FLgid
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mj Fiwid nghfjh Intis bjhGif
id ekF Kiwahf flhakhf gLsJ. Mdh
46

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mjid Kiwahf filofhjjh gntW clcs uidfis rf neLwJ. bg
ntah gfiyfHf r_f Mthsuh nlhg
bfo X M 1972 Kj 2006 tiu nkbfhl
gydhf iw tgho <Lgltf r_f ey
cl ey kW edlij wJ sFtjhf
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Kj Kiwahd Intis bjhGifid tWj
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bra ghLglntL.
bksyhd Mrh fahs FG: fahsf
khztf, fPf, vGjhsf, m f
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bfhLsJ. Mdh ekJ rKjha mjF
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47

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jukhd gifnah myJ bjhiyfh Wtd
nkh yhjJ bga Fiwahf UJ tUwJ. neh
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jh MuJ bfhL kW kf urf
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brabrh, khztf isPf bgf
tajhdf CdKnwh nghnwh ga gL
tif f Fiwjsnt urhuK braLtid
y oahfY rKjha gifY Fiw
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muf ahU brthfsh mjid mJ nghw
48

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urf <Lglt ngh ghjhuh? myJ rf
neu Iyfis mlf ntoa neu J
nghw brhbgh njitjhdh vW Muha ntL.
xU f xU ghit bjahjt u[]yyhid
fhz mtf LF tUtjhf mnghJ mt
ghitHjt jhnd vW kidkhf wjh
f. mnghJ eatf j kidkhfis mLj
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brhdJ nghy nj z Mrh mtf cjL
itjid gy Kiy fdnjhL fd
itjid eh ahU brhy nfgliy
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brhy Kiwahd ClffS bjhiyfh Wt
dK mta njit. mJ jglt if Ujh
mtUila ifghitah L. Mfnt J mik
fSbfW Uw Jfh th nghw xU iw
nkil urhu rig ekJ rKjhaY Jtf ntL.
mid ghkh kfu: bgf xU
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d xU bgUgh vW bghJ fU
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bgf f fUg _y vthbwyh
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brW o bryit gJ bfhwhf vg
49

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id mF brW ghjtfSF bj.
j
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z VgLj ntL. mJl mua bg
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nghnjh myJ mrhjhuhz rkaf kUJt
cjf vgo bgf bra ntL vw kUJt
f Cl ntL.
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Kf gntW tHFf iw nfhl
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mik jfSF itJ xUtUbfhUt cj
br nghJ ekJ rKjha tf k mJ
nghw xU mik iy. Mfnt rl goj rKjha
50

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bjhlhw Ug bjF tHfPfis cW
dfshf nrf ntL. mj mikF Rju
nghuhl uU yl tlnki# kheho
a kf fUid Mjukhf vLJ brhd
dh bga xU ytr rl cj ika VgLj
yh.
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mJ mtFdid elj Ko vgid
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m tFid nfhit kJiu nghw gFf
elfhosd. mtf bra fLghLl
Ujjh ekJ rKjhajhY kw mik nghy
rhJ fhl Kobkgij czjiyah? J
nghw mikf xbthU rKjha mY
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mf Kokyth?
ck mua z fHf: iw #dehaf
kjrhgw eho mua ekJ rKjha xU
mfhu ilf tiy. Mdh Rju
ah faf fhnj y fhy mJ
nghw xU mfhu UjJ. W rKjha mik
f ujhd mua ffSF ta brW nrit
br gjhg iy VgL mfhukw iy
51

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53

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mnah mj
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63

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30 rjj Kf Mnuah wjtf.
kwtf Inuhah yhid jGatf
ka HF Ma ehLf uZah ah Mfh
dh kW bj HF MahUJ Fo bgaj
tf Mt. bgUghyhd yha kf My
bkhid kwt JU kW mnua bkh
fis ngRwd. Mnua bkhj #d bjhif 2.2
nfho yha uL rjj csd.
mjhtJ l jl 250000 kf Mt. m bgU
ghnyh Ys mgu und ngl
yf grg bknghYs nlh bA
rth lyh nehg ghunfhg lhkhah
monyL nyL Ma gF twd.
bgUghnyhndh gntW ntiyf csd.
27 rjj nknd#fshf thfshf bjh
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ahj Kf jh ntiy thyhk csd.
a ehL ghjh vJ gfshnjZ Ma
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ehLfUJ tj Kf bjh Egthfshf
Ugjh kw nja Kfis l ntiy th
wJ sFwd. bgUghyhd Kf
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ah djt csd.
fhYa tuyhW: njhndahid rhj
bkfhrh vw dtf tl Mnuah fl
gFf ilF ough vw tif fis
of 1750 M tUlf fhyo itjd. mtf
flnyhu gFf thj gHFodUl R_f
khd cw bfhld. Mdh nkfa ehLf
tUifah njhndah dtf tUifF
fLghL fglJ. Mfhjha Kf
jh Kj Kj Fo bgaJ mtfis bjhlJ
bygdh JU nghah ghjh kW
njhndah ehLfUJ l bgajd.
nlhah khyYs ghiy td ntfkhf
brtfhf 1860 M Mo _W ghiy tdfg
vd miHfgL xlffis Mfhjh
XLdfSl bfhL tugld. mjid
bjhlJ 1865 M ML bj Mnuahid
rhj jhk vl vgt 124 xlffis 31
Mfhjh XLdfSl bfhL tjh.1901
tiu xlf tjfid Mfhjha ifahL
600 xlff mF Ujd. Mdh 1920 tUl
au XL thfdfis mFs muR
ifahljh xlf tjf jilglJ.
mgo
tj
Mfhjha
Kf
vif 13000 ij 2008M ML jhoaJ.
mtf bkngh nghw efuf jfS
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mikJ bfhld. mnj nghW 20M Ewho
l bgaj bygdh ehL Kf 21M
Ewho 40000 jhod. mtf tghL
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71

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bygdh ehL Kf jfSbfw xU rka
mikid VgL yf xU kh m
gthrid 1976M ML VgLd. mj
g 9.3.2011 mW Xg nl vw fid
fhz brnw. mFs nr, yha myhj
Mnua yhid g vGgl rnjf
fSF gyjJ f zid VgLJ
tjhf UjJ. bygdh ehL ah djt jahf
xU gid mdh vw l 1983 VgL
d.
JUa tUif Kj cyf jF fL
gLjglJ. Vbdwh Mnuah yhJ
JUF vuhf nghlJ Fl jfJ. mj
1967M ML mj fLghL jsj
gljh W mtf vif 30000 jhL.
mtfSbfw xU ukhlkhd gthrid
mg gF mikJsd. mjid 10.3.2011 mW
fhz th iljJ. uL bga duhf
ntiyghL mikj gFfsh f neahf
oir mj g mikUjJ. nlhah
khy bkngh nlha vw l bga
g thrYF 22.4.2011 #]kh bjhGifF brnw.
f mf Tlkhf berYl bjhGjJ myh
RgAhdjhyhF e brhy ntL.
xW gl nfhnyah 1990M Vgl
j ghfgl ngha Kf
Mnuah FobgaJ W 15000ij jho
sd. bgUghyhd kfSF My bkh bj
ahjjh bjhrhiyf T ntiy brwd.
1947M ML a Jiz flUJ gh
jh j goj yha isPf M
nuah Fona bgUghyhd yha mik
f
Mf
brYJwd.
mtfSila
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vif f Fiwjsnt7000id vosJ.
<uha vif 10000 gfshnjZ ehod 10000.
r_f thif Kf ikdhoahf thtjh
nyhf f fLghL Ugdh gthr
f bjhGiffhd ghFfis x bgU _y
bjgiy. ntiy ghF lfY gh
jahd lY thlif folfY #]kh
bjhGif eljgLwJ. 1980M MLF dh
Mnuaf yhF tUtJ mffg
LsJ. mtf N[ gh Gfggt
fshf Uwhf. bghJthf #]kh urf
mnua bkh brhygL My gwt
fsh MyY brhygLwJ. bjhGif
gfis _W jkhf fyh:
1)

bjhGifg kju[h kW iyu mlaJ.

2)

bjhGifg bjhGif elJtF kL

3)

Jt Myaf kW nyhf fo
brl xU gFid thliff vGJ
bjhGif elJtJ.

kW bkngh gFf 100 nkgl

gf csd. j yha mikf
bkngh nghw lf wghf bragL
wd.. bgnwhf ghJ xU njr KfSl
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fLghL brJ bfhtiy vwhY bgU
ghY a FLgidna mFs Kf
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tajhdtfis ghJfhf nlhah khy
ylL vw l xU fhgfid yh
brhiro M bkngh <ld # vw
73

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mik elJwJ. mJ nghW xU fhgfid
JUa uhLnlh vw lY nyho
yh bgf mnrhna[ xU fhgf
id elJwd.
y K bjhyhsf to thFtid
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id fnl. #fh bfhLgtf mj mYtyf
F brW lhyiu bfhLJ Lwd. mjid
gaDs ViHfSF tHf gLwJ. toid
vF isPf K fo fhg
nur M Mnuah vW MuJ ahUF
eZl ahUF yhgyhj igdha Kiw
bjhlfgLsJ. rg I.o vw toyh
t a tUwJ.
f iyaf: 1957M Mo jdJ 23 MtJ
ta 1957M ML bygdhid rhj nr g
vw isP yh brhiro M nlhah
vw mikid VgL thu LKiw ehf 15
khztf gY gid Mujh mt
fhy tsJ Mnuah cyf kj mik
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ghu udh nghw UJ tHfglJ mj
yha mikfis xnu Fil bfhL tU
j Mnua bglnur M yh
brhiro vw mik 1964 M ML cUthdJ.
mnua ehL gz cjl 198M ML fh
yh T bkngh MuglJ. mj
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74

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yh fhny{ bknghY ngY
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vw bgk Kndhoahf csh. mt fg
gil byoz fkhluhf csh. mt IJ
ntis bjhGifid filoJ j jiy
net bjhF nH #h mJsh. 7
kW 9v.v. vw jha Jgh RLt
tyt. mt v wj ghyd bgk
Mth. mt xU nfF g brhY nghJ jh
fg gil gahWtjhY goUgjhY
gy idghf FogHf kW g cz
rhLntbdW. Mdh eh mj gfnk jiyba
LJ ghjiy vd TWtJ bgUikahf U
wJ. ekJ C goj bgf btehLfSF
brY nghJ jiy KfhL nghlhk
kW o r nghL bfhL Mfis nghy
miy fhy v..V goJ Mnuah
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ifahfhJ.
r nt khy cs Ah vw
lYs bt Ng khfoF Ko
btl brUnj. mj r xU ghyd
bgk xUtUF Kobto, mF nrj Kof
Figid bgU bfhoUjJ vdF Mr
aid jjJ. mJ kLkh mj bgk #h
mJ K gghLila cil mUjh.
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ghL jy njhW ifna ahrf br bgfSF
lfhjkhd k mj bygdh ehL bg
yh fkahf idf cfSF njhw
75

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iyah? mJ nghw eifid ekJ rKjha
mikf viH va kf kW isPfl
vLJ T mtf Ra ntiyF ttif bra
ntL.
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kfilna ekJ ckJf K myhj
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bfhs thgjF vyh ty myh
RAhdjhyhF v eid T il bgW
nw.

76

ndhnu nfSf[

cWahd eifna bt
th mojs
xU fol vGg mojs mta. mnj
nghW thif Kndw cWahd eifna
Ka vw fUid tW j fLiu
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iwa ed cyf ngho iwjJ. m ah
rthfis rkhJ vr nghLwhfnsh mtf
jh bt fid gf Ko. ah mLfLfhd
njhfis rJ nrhtilwhfnsh mtf
bt ghijid flf KoahJ. cfSF fns
mahj xU r ijUwJ vd idJ njh
JtshJ bra wdh ra bt cfSF
fjid wF. mJl cfSF iwt Jiz
UwhbdW idfbswh cfis ahuh
njhfof Ko. cjhuzF fh XLtF vd
njit gLwJ. kj afF iwt
fUiz xbthUtUF njit gLwJ. fhW gy
mfis bfhlJ vwJ Phd. iw
tid bjhGJ iwR nghJ VgLw mf
iwtid miltJ rank.
njh kd nrhU nghJ xU kjid
k Hf brwJ. mj neu mikahf rW
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fis rnw JJ ghUf. XL nuhilf
vts fuL KuLfis flJ ry ryF Xirl
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br MWfis cUthFwJ vW, thd
77

lhl. V.. KfkJ m

wfoJ tYUflUJ jJ th elJ
FUfis idJ ghUf. mitfbsyh k
ahf UF nghJ eh y njhfis idJ
xoJ _iy Kl lyhkh? njhfis
rF nghJ iwtid Fiw brhnwh. ghuf
fP ck fah brhwh njhF kj
FiwfSF iwtid Fiw brhna fhy
flJnwh. iwt f kiz jh gilgh.
Fatdhd kj jh mj f kiz ghidahf
ghid _oahf roahf brwh. mj
bghUf Xilnah myJ befnsh Ujh
iwtid V Fiw brhy ntL? vd nf
vGwJ aha jhnd. ja xU kjid aF
Ka fUahf UwJ. mjid bt thifF
bry ntLbkW MizL bra wFf
rakhf bt cf gf tJ nrU.
njhf VgL nghJ kd rry
rrF. ftiy MbfhY neh vW kndhJt
Muhahsf TWwhf. ftiy bghUshjhu
thif btW kd rry ga neh
jik ntiyik f Kndwik ngh
wtwh VgLwJ vwh ifahfhJ. rg 100
taJ tiu thj 450 ngfis itJ vthW m
ts ehf thjhf vw xU Phd Muh
id nkbfhlhf. m fl Ka fL
o flitahF:
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msnthL rhltf.

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u u mfhiy vGjtf.

5)

rh gaid L atf.

6)

njhid fL gaglhjtf.

7)

iw gl thjtf.

78

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Kndw ntL vw vz bfhltf
v Jf fUk vw bjthd bfhifid
itUghf. mjidna rKjhaK nkbfh
lh midtU mJl rKjhaK tsail.
mjF Ka njitahf fUjgLtJ: 1) ehza
2) m 3) eif 4) bjthd ghij 5) jahs
6) gaik 7) bghWik 8) cikid xJ
bfhSj 9) ilj bghUis kL itJ
kl thtJ 10) Fj fhy ntiyid
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nghwitahF.
ts lf ftd brYJ nghJ kd
mGj vgLtJ aifna. mjid thif xU
mf vd vz ntL. ed cy kd
mGjid eh VW bfhsjh bra ntL.
ekJ oF ntlhj Ujh tjh vgo
rkhnwhnkh mnj nghW rkhf bj
Uf gHf ntL. mjid L L mj U
jhid uo mojh ekJ v mtfis ju
ntW ahU Uf Koah.J.
kd mGjid fl mF _y bjJ
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1) ftdFiw 2) r Fiw 3) crhf Fiw
4) nfhgjhg 5) vr 6) jiyt 7) thif
btW
kd mGjid nghf fl t Kiwfis
ngzyh:
1)

kd mGj th xU mf vW vLJ
bfhs ntL.

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3)

kd mGjid f Koaiybawh mj
isid xU fh vG kdjs mjid
VW bfhS kd gFt ntL.
79

lhl. V.. KfkJ m

4)

eh vghj Hid l f Fiwj msnt

HUFkhdh iwtDF e brhy
bja ntL.

5)

cfSila kd mGjid cf cs
nyna itJ mG Gf lhk cf cwh
cwd egfSl gJ mjfhd id
njLf.

6)

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vgJ vnfh nfl ghL. Mfnt f J
J gHf bjUf ntL.

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9)

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10) eil g bky XLj isahLf X

ilF nghJ filof.
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UjhY brtjfshf UjhY FWa vz
yhjtfshf Raeyyhjtfshf T
ikstfshf W btWyhjtfshf
Ughf. mnj nghw bfhiffis rKjha
Ys bgUghnyh bfhoUjh rKjha
Jz bgW bghl sFk.yth?
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juyh vd vQnw. xUt u brid
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vz oid L wglTlhJ. khwhf
eh foghf kyhLJiw uYF Fj neu
ngh nrJ Lnt vw vz wgl
ntL. eifik vw bjhW nehid
cf FHijfS u cflUJ fW
bfhthf. mjF f l bfhLfyhkh?
80

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1)

f Kndw ntLbkw xU yid

neh gaz br nghJ mjfhd xU iy
id bfhLnj MfntL mJ jh th
if mgghF. cy khwnfg
a jidf braghLf Maitfis
gagL Kndw ntL. eh fh brU
yhk eljh fh TRwJ twJ f K
FJwJ vW ynth. Mdh 1984 M
ML #]yh vw jlfs u Xlgja
btWfhYl Xo cyf rhjid J J
ru giljh vwh mt vts kd
cWl jdJ fhYF brU Tl yhk
XLnwhnk vd vzhk cyf rhjid gil
Uwh vwh vyh tr bgw ekh
njh id v ygjh ntLkh?

2)

cyf bghJlik bghUshjhu jij vd t

fgl fhu kh b#k wJ l
jDila cilfis W j tWikid
ngh ViHf rkJtJl thH lh nf
l vw bghJlik bghUshjhu bgh
khf W fUjgLw jfid vGdh
vwh iwt mUsh Xus tr gilj
ekhY eifl thH Koahjh?

3)

JJFo khtl Ur ughoa

glz vw uhk cs Mjehlh
va f nguhiaahf UF
it fl mnrh
bjhlJ _W Kiwahf mzh ggiy
fHf w gid j tUlK jo
brWsh vwh efu thG ey f
fw gyU njhid fL kd nrh
lhk Ujh cfshY gy rhjid gilf
Ko vW egTlhjh?
81

lhl. V.. KfkJ m

4)

g uL fhfis uL iffis
Hj uh ehltuhd Fnuh[h
vgt jdJ Cdid bt bfhs yh
cs fhthid g_wiu
kneu rhjid gilJsh. mt
jDila rhjidid g ngo bfhLF
nghJ mt brhdh jh bfhL UF
nghJ rW vghuh jkhf uL lh
f J u mtUF U wK ghJfh
ghf tjjh. mjid iwt brayhf mt
fUdhuh.

Mfnt vj fhaY f cWahd e

ifl wF nghJ iwt cfSl Jiz
gh vw eif Ujh f th bt
nk bt cfis jtGtJ rakhFkyth rnfhju
rnfhjfns!

82

ndhnu nfSf[

thH bjjh thHyh

tahiy-itaf!
ed cy thif fodkhdJ rthyhdJ
MF. Mdh wikUjh rkhfyh vw
fUJl vGjglJ j fLiu.
mlid eUwtDF ml
njtij mt fjit jodhY mjid rkhf
yUF bjahJ. xUtDF xU eiffil gR
Tgdh xU .v.l fh grhf ilwJ vW
itJ bfhnth. glF nghw gsgsghd fhiu
rhiy brYJ nghJ mj fhiu mjid
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ftU. mtUF gy J egf TLthf. mt
fis V bfhL kl gy RWyh jy
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fhF. mjdh VgLw kd cisr bga ghukhf
mika. Mfnt ml _y tUw bghUsh
jhu cikahd rnjhrid jUtF gyhf
nrhf viynf miHJ brY.
yUF nehf tjh xoJ _iy Kl
Lt. Mdh mj nehiana btW cyf f
VF vos xU bgk fijid nf
brhtJ bghUjkhf mik vd vQnw. 32
tajhd uhah nfus khy kyu khtl
UuhfhoF mU cs btfhL vw l
wj uhah W ta s is thjjh ghf
83

lhl. V.. KfkJ m

gljh 14 taUJ elf KoahJ.. mJl
mtiu W neh Jg MaJ. gl fhny
gL vw gHbkhzf Fa miw GJ
fGJ vG K VgL Jgglh. mJl
jdJ nehfhf rhl kUJfsh Fl my
nehah mtgLwh. jid UJ mt
`fhyid btnt' vw cWahd eifah
mt nghw thj nehah ghfgl FHijfSF
MW gTlf jdht bjhlfSl
elJwh. mtUila nritid nfush cs
ehF kW IjhtJ g khztfSF ghlkhf
itJshf vwh ghUfns. mt kL
Jtuhf UUjh mtiu mid bjuhrhthf
jUghf. mtUila nritid ghuho
1993 tUl nja isP gR 1999M tUl
fz $r gR 2000 M tUl I.eh. rig
gR 2010 M tUl n#hr Knlt gid
jo brWsh. Mfnt uhah nehdh kd
cisr
UjhY
kwtfSF
cjt
ntLbkw mirah eifah jnghw gy
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yUila Kaf njh Vglh mjF
fhuzid njo mjid t brahk
iwtid behJ bfhthf. xU lhlUF if
ogjhY kJ mUJtjhY VgL Wneh
cgl gy nehf jid tJ nrU vd bj.
Mdh y lhlfsh mjid Wj Koaiy.
mjF mtf brhY fhuz. jhf g
uZr if ogjhf TWwhf. Mdh W
neh tU nghJ iwtid FiwTWwhf. kd
cisr cstf jf jtwhd bra Kiw
fis khdh mj kd cisrUJ yfyh.
y tUfhyF ntLbkW bgU bghUis
nrf Xo Xo ciHwd.. mjdh miwa cy
84

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mtf kahf thH kwJ Lwd. gy ML
fSF K nfhnyahid rhj mid
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mFstfis ghJ L ahF tj
d mt ngo bfhLF nghJ. ah gy
goah thLwd. Mdh mbkfh gy
kd cisryhY iw g yhjjhY thLwd
vwh. J vjid fhLwJ vwh tsj
ehLfbyyh kf kd cisryh xU tif
rnjhrid mikahd thid HJ
csd vd cfSF UF.
kjDF xU gj bfhLjhY myJ xU
M mikjhY mJ iyahf Uwjh vwh
iyna! cjhuzF jeho ka gF
cs twl bgugY khtl cs xU Fuh
k wj j did rhj uh#hF a
njr caj nfd mjJ gj bfhLJ my
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nfho CH cHwh. vdhdJ mt mua
th? njdilbaLjt wifid ea fijah
fh iwTl j gj HJ f vQ
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r kW mby[hl MnahUila rhuh{
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Mid jf itf Kojjh iyna!
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fhk Rfjh gjHnjh vjidnah kjfS
Mahsfis eh goUnwh. tahfhuh
khiudh uju fhk Rf ju Kokh? Koahnj!
xU kjDF njit Rfhjhukhd cl edlij
ahd th Ra ey thj kid jU.
85

lhl. V.. KfkJ m

xUt gntW uidfis kd nghL
mG bfhL Ujh kd cisr VgL. khwhf
jfSila uidfis jf eifahdt
fSl fyJ bfhlh mJ kdJF rW MWj
jU.
vid w vgo eldhfnsh mj gona
ehD mtfis elJnt vw Fnuhj kdghik
kid bfLF. khwhf F brjtfSF
cj brjh mJ xU QF kUJ nghLtJ
nghy MF.. Mdh y jf bgnwh rnfhju
rnfhjf egf a ta jfSF brj a
jtWfis Tl bgatdhd brh bfh
oUghf. mjdh mtf kwtf Kdh
gjhgkhf fUjgLthf. Mfnt mitfis kwf
fW bfhs ntL.
1)

cfSF nej kd fhafis f kwfh

lh f VgLa fhaf kiwahJ.

2)

cfis mtkhdgLatiu, Vkhatiu, c

fis Fiw brhgtiu mt MragLksF
miHJ xU f O bfhLf. mt cfis
nkyhdt vW nghWth.

3)

xUtUF bAghoo <u nehUJ mtUila

clUJ bfL nghd giHa ujid
lah[ _y vLJ L J ujid
cl brYJtJ nghy cf cs Jz
bgw giHa frid kwJ a thF
Lf.

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xU fiyP KDF tUK giHa ril

lD glD FoirY ththf. xU
bja KDF tj kh ilul Mug
fhy j jif UkzF xU bghL eif
Tl nghl Koaiy vW tUjgL ngo
bfhLUjh. mt xU FnfhSl brayh

86

ndhnu nfSf[
djh jh mt Kndw KojJ. mJ nghy
xbthUtUF thif Kndw ntL
vw Fnfh Uf ntL.
5)

xU jhah jf FHijfSF VgL ril

id kd ntWghLfis fisa ghLgLtJ
nghy xU rKjha VgL ril rrufis
kd ntWghLfis fisJ rkhjhdF rKjha
mik mikF iz ghykhf bra
gLf.

nkfl braf _y f bt bgw

kjtfshf cfis khw Ko vwh rahFkh?

87

lhl. V.. KfkJ m

thif vD Xl-#gh
xU goid!
10.3.2011 u 8.30 kF Mnuah bjhiy
fh(V..) iya 22.2.2011 mW yhJ
eho iur ef elj y eLfid
bjhlghf cy y mik rgjkhd A v
nk m mjhtJ eik vgo y mik
totikjJ vw lhFbklid xgu
mbkfh fnghah-entlh-mnrhdh khy
f cs bfhnyhlh e mj jhfjh
Vgl ghiwf mikghd nu nfa
bknfh eho fg eho fo
rg fL ofgl iy kf Koahj
l ghnk mlhofh cs g
ghiw vkiy <uh cs a FfSF XL
%W ah cs kakiy vgo VglJ
2004M ML HF Mah Vgl fgK
mjid bjhlJ Vgl Rdh nguiyf m
id nkY fg nfhs VgLs
ghiw nfhLf mikgh mbkfh #gh
yhJ ghjh ah nghw ehLf
Vgl tL vgid bjsbjthf ne
gl ojid s bfhL Ujhf.
mitf jhfid mbkfh brw nghJ
nu nfa kW 2004M ML brid
Vgl Rdh jhffis ne ghjjh
vdF kwtfis nghy iwt cyf gilf
fL aghf UjJ.
88

ndhnu nfSf[
mnghJ eh ru goj Jt
ig cs nehth kW yh cs F e
mtfis VfJt nghjfhf vgo mj ehL
kf bfhLikgLd vW mtflUJ
jJ fg brw mj ehL nguiyah
mjJ vW goJ Unw. mJ xU fij
nghy bjjJ. jHf fh, kJiu mjJ
btW fijay, czik ffshf bjjJ. 2004M
ML Rdh nguiy bridY kW jHf fl
efufY Vgl nghJ jh mj wid
vdh czu KojJ.
11.3.2011 kWeh ka o. ghJ bfhoUj
nghJ #ghid 8.9l msyhd fg jha
jhf mjid bjhlJ Rdh nguiy VgL
tjF vrif lgljhf m btahdJ.
Mfnt o.UJ v ffis mfw Koahj Mt
VglJ. mj fg elF nghJ mj eho
ghuhSkw ujk ngUiu M bfhoU
jh. mj fol MoaJ. mikrfS cWd
fS nki#f mo gJd. HF flfiu
gF cs efuf Ml fld. kf j
jh nghJ vW Xl ojd. Mdh mtf
ciu if oJ XLtF Kdh 10 l
ms Rdh miyf j nfhuo mtfis
NJ bfhlJ. thDa folf bghUfh
f F tlehL bga mgs vbz
bfhgiu jgJ nghy jJ brwd. glF
nghw brhFR fhf xnwhL xwhf nkh jfu
lghthaJ. glFf fgf moJ brygL
bga glFfs fhf j jF Lf nk
rth brjJ. mj fh XlK xU eh to
XL vw ghliy idoaJ. m ntf u xW
moJ brygL jlths kL fW V
bjhFtJ nghy fh jjJ. LfS mYtyf
fS tjf folfS Uj l bjahj
89

lhl. V.. KfkJ m

msF jiu klkhdJ. ah ef kL rh
gjhu UF vd fzlgLsJ. kw
efuf vif tj tz csd. efuf
jfJ kf gahFtid ghJ nrhf
UF nghJ khYs mQ ciy xW
btoJ jaJ. ghid fzL kw ehF
mQ ciyf gh tuTlhJ vW mj
btoid jLf F Kiwfis nkbfhl
nghJ mLj mQ ciy btojJ. kw ciyfS
cil MgJ Ugjhf vrif jftf
TWwd.
Rdhah ghfgl 20 yr kf FogF
jiy fLFUJ fhghw czid
rikgF NL brtF rhuiy. fhuz
mQ ciyf btojdh Vgl jhf jh
mitf. gLgF ngha triy cLgF
khW Jiy. mj nrhffSbfyh kFl
itjJ nghy gd xU er g
gof brW jj 7 R FHijf gl
fgld. Mdh mtf bgnwh cUl
iy vw br beir fr a itjJ.
#gh 1923 M ML l 8.3 msyhd y
eLfK 1995 M ML l 7.2 msthd y eL
fK K VgL mid VgLsJ. Mdh
jsF nfhu rgtf eljjhf bjaiy.
nfhs ghjh tl g fl bj
bfhahF nH xU th nghw a ygu
ehF gfK flfsh Nj gFjh #gh.
Mdh mj ehoid ghJ xU fhy cyfnk
gajJ vwh Mraiyah? 1914 kW 1943M
MLf elj cyf nghf gy ehLf mj
ehL M lUjJ. yhJ kW Inuha
ehLf Ma mnua kWk Mf ehLf
fhy MfF rh k mojJ mj #gh
90

ndhnu nfSf[
ehLjh. Mdh mnjh gjhg mj ehL rth
fhu muruh m^af mfkh vnf cy
mj ehL tyurhf M Lnkh vW gaj
yhJ-mbkfh TLgil ahU vghfhk
#gh flfiu efufshd ehfrh nuhkh
mDFLfis bghJ mJ #gh cyf
rhuhakhtUJ jLJ mbkfh rhuh{
aid iy WsJ vW brhdh Mr
aiyjhnd!
#gh fgK nguiy m y ghl
fis ekF idLwd:
1)

v rF eilna UF nrhyh v r
id, fhwhiy, bjk, uh kWRH
nghw v rfis D KGikahf eh
cgnahfgLjhk mbkfhlK, uZahl
K mQ ciy Miyf mikf vff
vid mQ xgj brJ FoU
gFf mikgJ Rdh miyf tjh
kfis fhf vd ghJfh eltoif vLf
Kokh vW Muha ntL. uZah Vgl
brndh mQ ciy Miy btojdh
uZah c g jLf Koaiyna mJ V?
vgid tsU mf kf bjhif bfhl
ehlhd eh nahf ntlhkh? V ka
unjr nghgh ef 1984M ML mbk
fh fhigL fbg Vgl g
gahd. nehw kf vjid gyhufzfh
ndh vgid eh mnth. mnj nghW
jh 2010 tUl vu khj 20nj mbkfh
bknfh fl gF o bgnuha
MJis zW btoJ 26 ngf c Hj
njhL mbkfh #dhg ghu xghkh v
nuhbkl orhl vW brhYksF
uhfSF fl thG cdfSF
91

lhl. V.. KfkJ m

Mgjhdjhf kh mj fbg 40 a
lhy HL bfhLF msF tjJ. mj
gid Muhj nghJ mj fbg
cgbgUf bryid Fiwj jh rahd
gJ eltoif vLfjt l jhf bjjJ.
Mfnt mJ nghw gJf fghfnyh
myJ TlFsnyh elf TlhJ vW
vnyhUF mfiw UgJ aifjhnd!
2)

xU rgt elj vLF eltoifF

K mj rgtf elfhj msF aif
wf Kdnu fL oF fUf mikf
ntL. mj mj rgt elj
khl buT sh mjhtJ vyh elto
if jfhfkhf W L xW jh
ntiy vw eltoifid vLgJ. mJ nghw
eltoif #gh cyfngh mDFL
Y mj tj yeLfY L
ed efukhf vnghJnk fhaF. mJ
nghw ghfis ehK rJ r gwit
vj rhgUJ cajJ nghy vG
f gHf ntL.

3)

ekJ eho elF #h kjrilf J

nghw mfis ghjhtJ FiwantL.
F#uh byL efunk 2001M ML f
g mjJ. mjidghjhtJ mnah g
thrid oJ nfh fLnth vgtf
ghl fW bfhsiyba #gh
midghjhtJ kj rjikl
elJ bfhL kj xWikF tfhl ntL.

4)

rnfhjufSF cwdfSF gfJ L

fhufSl fhyo yfhf btJ-FJ
ril <LgLtf J nghw ff
jf Lf yf Uj l bjahk

92

ndhnu nfSf[
mJ LnghJ jfsJ rnfhju
cwd ghrid mfgLj ntL.

cwh

5)

nguhirl a t bjh brJ nfho

nfhoahf rghgtf ahtJ <if Fz
Jl fUiz csJlD neikahf elJ
bfhs ntL.

6)

gj Rfnk j bfhif vUgtf mua

thf MgJ tUnghJ nki#F mo
x #gh ghuhSkw cWdf nghy
yhk kf eynd ekJ bfhif vW kf
ey eltoifid vLf ntL.

7)

nkiy ehLf rhF nghJ jfis eylf

brtfhf K Tona gz brY ~~du
eltoifid vLwhf. Mdh dhUF
j l j Kiw jh rh vgid
idJ ghf Koahj msF nej #gh
mid ghjh mtf J nghw K
VghL bra jaFthf myth?

8)

Lf mYtyff mgskhf behWF nghJ

e l vnf UwJ vW njL msF
ehrkh L. Mfnt nghJs f f
khl o shid ghJfhf eltoif vLJ
mjid kbwhU efu ngf itf
VghL bra ntL.

9)

vyhtF nkyhf FLg rilf kj

#h ril kd Kf brhJ jfuhW gz
rilf eiff J nkhf nghwitfis
FiwJ j cyf MLgtfis MlkL Ml
itF cyf Mo KojJ mlf itF
cyf vd idJ midJ kjdU iw
tnd vfis nguUJ fhghW vW
iwr ntL vwh rjhnd rnfhjufns!

93

lhl. V.. KfkJ m

slhfah mtrufhy
mlht mua thRf
1976 M ML a U eho vkb#
vw mtrufhy eltoif mk braglJ
isPfSF bjahj rgtkhf Ufyh. mj
rka gy vf jiytf ifJ bragL
rh vw btbfhLik jsgld. gy khy
muRf jHf cgl fiyfgL #dhg M
mk braglJ. kf bjhif mf vd
brh
if ilgtfSbfyh FLg
fLghL Mgnur braglJ. vd fhuz
fSfhnth ghugaf bl #]kh kij
Rs filf-Lf lnk nf Mu
vd brh Kf vid nlhr
fis bfhL flhakhf mfwgld. t
bfyh fjhehaf mnghUj ghuj ujk
kF uhfh isa kfdh rr
fh fahl gfhf fUjglJ. y
rkaf mnghija #dhg gU mAkJ
mtfl Tl y Ugjfhj rgtf eljjhf
Clff mnghJ btld. rr y muo
eltoiff ujkUnf ofhj xwhf brhy
glJ. eh 1976M ML kJiu Cuf o.v.ahf
gahanghJ jHf MSd Mnyhrf jnt
mtf kJiu-nk nuhoYs xjfil fht
iya vifUF CjFo uhkF #a
brJ mFs kfl Fiwfid nflh. mnghJ
Ukzkhfhj isPf-y tajhdtf jfis
94

ndhnu nfSf[
muR mfhf flhagL FLg fLghL
Mgnur brJ ljhf Fiw brhdhf. mij
mt Wa KfJl bghWikl nflh.
vdF mahf UjJ. J nghw mJ wf
ah KGtJ eljJ vdnth cikjh.
kjf viy W nghJ iw jlidf
yUF bfhLJ mjid kwtfSF goid
ahf UFgo myh brth vW FM
csJ midtU mt. mJnghw rgtf jh
bfhLnfhy m jh Kn[h
b#k y nghwtfSF elJsJ.
rr fh j eg nfl rkhl J bl
xU khd g <LglnghJ Jul
trkhf g kho mfhy kuzkiljh j
egUl. jhd af jiyt ndhgh l
b#aufh ehuhaz jiyiknaW ela kf
uid rkhf KoahkY, rr fh kiwj
JfUj uh fh vkb#id Ug
bgW bghJ njjYF culh. m fhu
njhW #djh Tl M U. bkhuh njrh
jiyik 1977 M ML kyjJ vgid
isPf yUF PhgfgLj Unw.
2009 M ML ghuhSkw njjYF K
kiwj rr fh mUjt jt tU
ghua #djhF a tu. jDila sik
JLid fhl c..khy nubgnuF brY
nghJ ghua #djh bjhlfsh wghf tunt
bfhLfglJ. mtfis nkY crhf _l
bghJTl fhrild J ahU if
itjh mtf ifid btLnt vW KlhR
jodh vW ah KGtJ cs Clff
_y fld Fu vGgglJ. mtUila ngR
c..khy murh d Fwkhf fUjgL tHF
g bragL y ehf f vdh.
95

lhl. V.. KfkJ m

mtUila crhf ngR_y JJth eg
f Mjuid bgU j jh nkdfh fhl
kfsit fhyobaLJ itjh. nghJ ghua
#djh a M.v.v Mju jiyt
tUiz bghJ brayhsuhaJ mtiu nkY
CfgLaJ. Mdh l fhy kfsit cW
duhf UJ-ka mikruhf gahatUkhd
fhiu rhj rh ethfh f bghWUJ
wffgLsh vgid eofU ghuhS
kw cWdUkhd rJUf fhF Tl
uf Koaiy. tU jdF tHfgl gj
jid ah Ko Nlhj kdUF izahdJ
vd fU bfhL cu unjr khy ruh
29.3.2010nj mj khy Kjt j did
rhj khahnjDF xU guukhd uliy
oUwh vW 30.3.2010 njl dky
gif br brhwJ. mJ vd bjkh?
k ghua #djh M tjh khahnjid
ghJfhrl milng vW TWtJ vk
b# rka mt jij rir eltoif
id gWwhnuh vW vz njhWwJ.
1990 M ML ghg k oF nghJ c..
khy gh.#. f Mjh eljJ. mnghJ
j ikdho kf ey wffgljh
kf mj Mid vjd. jnghija
Kjt rhjhuz j FLg wJ Miaahf
gah j kW ikdho kfl XL
fis bgW L L Kjtuh csh. y
brhyyh mt nk CH FwrhL brhygL
wnj vW. kiwj uh fh mikahl xU
jlit CH g Ugf nf nflnghJ CH
xU rtnjr elF rhjhuz f(l
ned ~ndhdh) vwh. W mua CH
brahj uKff 110nfho kf u L
vdToatf jhnd csd. Mdh c.. Kjt
96

ndhnu nfSf[
khaht g ffhyayh uh{ vw tHfP
khaht MF tj j kW ikdho
kf thif juid caj ghLgLwh
vW brhYwh. Mfnt jh tU MF tU
Kng rho fhLwh. njngh jh Kdh
jHf Kjt b#ayjhth jil bragl j
<Hid MjJ Fu bfhLng vw k..K.f
jiyt nfhghyrh nt iw j 18 khj
bghlh rl thodh. Mdh tU ifJ bra
gL _W ehfSF Ljiy braglh.
Mfnt jh mt bjhlJ j kfSF W
ghikdUF ul L bfhoUwh.
mJ kLkh jhf ghua #djh jiytuhf
gjnaUF ffh vd brhwh bj
kh? ghua #djh MF tjh ghg k
Uj l uhk nfh flgL vW. ghg
g xU ghuga K-J kf xWikF
vLJfhlhd gHfhy folfiy wik
cUthfglJ. mj fol vLnjh fnrt
bfhL Mj-cilnjh ghuga gthr
vW mjfol jiuklkhfglJ. j
neu cfSF brid ca kw xU
bghJ ey kDid ouh uhkrh vgt jhf
brJ s rhuhr brhyyh vd idnw.
m brid khefu thfd nghFtuJ mfJ
lJ. Mfnt nghFtuF-bghJkf eilgh
ij elgF ilryhf gy tghL jyf
Mu brJ flgLsd mitfis mfw
ntLbkW brhsh. brid ca
kwK brid khefuh mthW Mu
brJ flgl tghL jyf kj thahf
vjid vW fiu nfoUjJ. mt jhf
brJs jftfis Clff btld. mit
fis cf ghitF itnw.
97

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1)

J nfhf: 196

2)

UJt rRf: 027

3)

gthr

: 005

mj IJ gthriy. mitf jfhf

shF.
brid khef kL 196 Mu nfhf
UwJ vwh ah KGtJ vjid Mu
nfhf UF vd fns fzL
bfhSf. jid vJF nf FLnwbd
wh Kj .n#.. a jiyt ah
cs midJ Mu nfhfis oJ
lh mnahah cs ghg k Uj
l mt f MF tjh nfh flyh.
mjid bra mt jahuh vd kf nff cik
Uwjyth? Mid oF Knd KlhR
jL tUQ, D MF tjh vd Ml
nghLthf vW mahj kfsh a Fokf.
mjdh jhnd .n#. M kY, y
khyY gnghdJ vW midtU mt.
j xU ghLL gj tUnghJ g
tuntL njhHh. mjF Mjhukhf xU fij
id brhtJ nf bghUjkhF vd vQ
nw. xU jlit rfutu mby[hl j
eho bjU tna ef ty gil NH tjh.
mnghJ xU b# Kt vnu tjh. clnd
mby[hl mj Kt K rhlhfkhf
GJ tzdh. jidghJ kf, gil
uf bghJkf Mragld. clnd jiyik
k rfut mby[hliu ghJ fnsh
j cy f thj rut. mtnuh rhjhuz
KW Jwj Kt mt K f GJ
tzfyhkh? cf Milfbsyh zhlnj
cfis kf FiwJ kl khlhfsh? vw
dhid vGd. mjF mby[hl k
98

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l xU MLjiy, xU khLjiy, xU kjjiy
bfhL tu Mizlh. rfut cu u
khf UjJ. UjhY mt Mizzf _W
jiyfS bfhL tuglJ. clnd mby[hl
jgh ToUj kfis ghJ j ML
jiyid dhkhf jUnw ahUF ntL?
vwh. clnd jfSnf ntL vW gy ngho
ld. mjid xUtUF rfut tHdh.
mj j khLjiy ahUF ntL? vd
nflh. jF Vfgl ngho. khLjiy
xUtUF bfhLfglJ. mj wF j kj jiy
ahUF ntL vW mby[hl Fuiy X
vGdh. vd Mra? xUtU mj kjjiy
id thf Ktuiy. mj kid
ghJ brhdh mby[hl kj fG j
kjjiy nghW jh kojJ mJ L.
Mdh Ktf fG xU jdykw-gthd
kj fG vWnk mahUF. Mfnt e
gj-f eKila ffis kiwfTlhJ vgJ
ekF wJ. Mdh fhril a tufSF
a itgJ ah? tUfhy thfhs kfsha
cfis nghwt jhnd brhjfns!
yh vnghJ rh-rkhjhd-rnfhju
id U khf. Mdh mikid FiyF
muh#f ah <LglhY mjid vJ Fu
vGg jafTlhJ. brw 26.3.2010 bt Hik
aW Mu khy iAjuhgh rhdh mU
cs gthr bt Rt uhk gljoid fh
cil egf itj _y fytu VgL c
g-brhJ ehr vW elJ W Tl(31.3.2010)
mnf CulF rl mk bragljhf
vyuh oahf brf btah csd.
J nghw Ja rgtf bghUshjhu ntfkhf
tsJ tU ah J cyf ehLf ghit
F#uh dfytu nghw xU fUahf fUj
99

lhl. V.. KfkJ m

thUfhjh? V rgth egf ma nt
lhkh? UjhY ahid Kfyha kdf
_y Ml K ikdho kfSF xU cik
rgtid brhyyh vd idnw. d eh
o xU ca fh xU 15 tUl tsjhf.
mjF czthf khL khr tHFthf.
xUeh mj ca fhF Vuhskhd Tl
tUjJ. mtfSF crh_l fh ffh
ghs xU ga iaifahlh. mjhtJ
TLF xU bfhs fhis khoid cnuhL
czthf lh. khoid bfhW rhl
fhis J ghjJ. vd Mra mj khL id
jdJ bfhdh F Xl Xl uoaJ. fhis
Mnuh jhfhJ ntjidah fjaJ. clnd
fh ffhghs mj id fhis kho
lUJ fhghdh. mJ g mt TW nghJ
fho thG nghJ mj ntilF j cl
thid Tikahd gfis gagLJ Mfnt
mJ kw Uffis bt bfhS. Mdh
TLF UF ts d njhW
fhghs nghL khrid rhLtjh mj
ntilahL w k lJ vwh.
J vjF brhnwbdwh ekJ cikid
ahUF LbfhLfhJ cl tikid fhf
kwffhJ, cwid jfhJ
xWikF if
bfhLJ, cikF Fu bfhLJ Mnuhrij
lhJ, mJl fhis nghuhl Fzid
bgW W eil nghl ntL vd ntLnfh
LtJ rjhnd brhjfns!

100

ndhnu nfSf[

kj FUkhf j jhsf
rga Clff gugughf ngrgL br
rhahf ghd J isahLf. Jwtw
L jfis PhdgHkhf n#hlid brJ ryhg
f <LgL mjid Clff btr nghL
onah-giff sgugLj Clff
jfSila tUkhdid gy klF bgU
bfhs ttFjnjhL rhahf Kfiuid
bjjd vwh ghuhlhk Uf
Kokh egfns? Clff Jnghw gugu
brfis gy jlit btlhY kf D
kka mtf VkhW- gkhJ ntiyfSF
gahfjhnd brwhf. bghUshjhu Fwfshd
1) Fiwj ms gz blgh brJ mf tUkhd
<Lf vw sgu 2) Fiwj gz bfhLJ
mf gz bfhLF uo nkhro 3) Fiwj
gz bfhLjh jf kiHahf bfhL l 4)
wnghF y nkhro 5) glh yij gyngfSF
ua brJ bfhLF nkhro 6) jf eiffis gh
nghL VkhW ntiy 7) ouht Wtdf
thfd th KjL brjh khjhkhj br
bfhLF nkhro 8) btehLF ntiyF mD
tjhf brh nkhro 9) f g bfhLJ
mbkfh fdlh nghw ehLfSF mDnwh
vW gz rghF nkhro 10) knyah, f,
tisFlh ehLfSF mf rgs ntiy nghw
nkhrofis Clff btr nghLfho
dhY D mJnghw VkhW ntiyfis brJ
bfhLjh Uwd. Mfnt VkhWtf U
101

lhl. V.. KfkJ m

wtiu VkhWgt fho kiH bghajhnd
br.
mJ nghw rhahf VkhW ntiyfis
Clff btlhkiy. cjhuzF:
1)

brid bgntl nghL f% Jkz

jgfis mjkhDnf miHJ brW rh
brhtjhf rh KTj Jbgl mj
rhah rJnt ryhg <LgL mj_y
ifJ bragL tHDfhf kw thr
f gofis v bfhLsh.

2)

yifUJ mfahf UF tJ UkJiu nuho Muk mikJ, mgh yif

mfbgfis fgJ, mjidghj u
vw thgid bfhiy brj >y uil
M jlid bgW fl iw UF
nghJ wj thUJ f vLJ VkhW
nukhdjh.

3)

bl Mflj-kh eoiff VnAh

l f khzf nghnwhiu itJ
grhu brJ bfhoUj ed uZOdhf
fh jU s rhah nt ifJ bragL
f v bfhLsh. mtl Clf
f Ugf Mf g <Lgl f
grhu L el Ufns mJ jtW
iyah? vw nfF brR xU Mfnk
vW gyUwh vwh bjyh M
f rf#gh vW kh eof flkXkF rghriz brhtJ nghy bja
iyah?

4)

fhu b#nau rut rfuhrhah J

bg vGjhs mduhjh ukz gha Fw
Rk gif btr nghliyah?

102

ndhnu nfSf[
5)

mnj fhu njtehj vw mrf

rhahf vyh fhk ntilahL nghJ
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103

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j xUtDF cziyba
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fis kzKoJ, kf eyid wfJ mj nkiy
ehLf ifghitahf thJ bfhoUwd.
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b#k uhQt mfhfis itJ fil neu
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brhj ghJfhfhf mbkf gildiu itJ
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csd.
vbz ts kW aif ts f
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118

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itfis M l itj dU, uthjF
vuhd ngh vW yrfzfhd mgh kfis
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gahtid W tiu vj K ehL jiytU
jo nff K tuiy. khwhf gjwFtF
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tUif jUnghJ mt <uhY MfhjhY
brj m ntiyF e fldhf itu it^a
fis jfjo itJ jhiu thjd vw br
mnghJ vyh ClffY tjd.
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eh mj FG mt oF brW M
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itJjh j thif elgjhf brhdh. J
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119

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fS kfis kwjjh tj isjh mJ. mjF
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brj ep vw goj s jiytiu 22 jlit 15
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120

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#dehaf vwh kfsh njbjLj kf
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TlhJ.

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f TlhJ.

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mDkf TlhJ.

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f TlhJ.

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fid g foahf oJ bfhs jtl
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121

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j mikj muf mz
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mnj nghWjh 2003M ML <uh mg
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122

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jil brjh. <uh-<uh vL tUl nghUF
fhuz gy brhyglhY R-ah njr
ah jiyt vw nghoah VglJ jh
vwh ifahfhJ. 1979 M ML <uh
uF nfhnk Mf VglJ
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125

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Mdh brs murhf mjid btfukhf
KaojJ.
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gyJl FjJ jiy kiwthf Uj rjh
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jiykiw lUJ <uh kfSF xU
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kLkh jdJ Kj eltoifahf <uh a
ah muR <uhDl Kj juf bjhlid
VgLaJ. nj nghWjh 1982M ML
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kfid uoanghJ ahf nu gil
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nghW jh bygdh Kdh ujk u
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126

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bra tjjhf TUwd. mgo bawh
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fns J bfhsyh!
nkfa ehLf kf Mghl br
xbthU ehLF jf gilfis mDajh
vwh iyna! y cjhuzfis nf brh
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uhg Kfhng btis d #jhflUJ
yfis L fWd kfSF bfhLj
nghJ yhJ muR TFu nghlnj. m
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uh fh bfhygl J o
a 2000ng bfhygldnu mnghJ V
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mnghJ V mDgiy? Vbdwh nkho
mJ c ehL tfhu m btehLf
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127

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f mz elJ Xuf ehlf bfhL
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mtfis uhQt bfhL j Ff vW
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ehLf u?

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tlbfhah J gilbaLf iy.
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gild jiyLwd vwh mj eho
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mj ehL xU R K ehlhf UgjhY,
mnf D fL of Koahj vbz
tsf Vuhskhf UgjhY, nkfa ehLf
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128

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wsd. mjF nkfa ehLf if
Tf g nghLwd. Vbdwh ah
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TLgil ah #dehaf ghJfh
eltoif vw behorhid Ug Ug
brhwJ.
brw 11.3.2011 mW #gh Vgl fg
jhY RdhahY 200 a H Vgo
Ugjhf Mdh mj Hid rfl
tyuRf jhuhs kdghik f Fiwthf
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jhf Clff TUwd. vgo mtfSF
ghfgltfSF cjt kdR tU mt
fSF Kdh UF xnu bfhif vd
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iy W, vbz tsid Rul ntL
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j FM 105MtJ m~ maha
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v f JLfis L va brJ ahid
gilid bghR bkygl itnfh nghy
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vwh. mnjnghW mahakhf ngh bjhLF
nkfa ehLf gilfis bghR yha
ehlhd ahid fhghw nto U ifna
Jth bra ntL vwh rjhnd v brh
jfns!

129

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fha rhF r_f mikfSnrhu nghF rKjha affS!

2011 Vu nk khj th j ehL rl kw
njj Ka uL mf cUthaJ. XW
MS f Tl kbwhW vf Tl.
mjid bjhlJ kw r_f mikfS xusF
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mua mik 15(4) tHfgl gntW
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gL lJ vnw Twyh.
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aa K MSfF jehL K
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m jiytfSl giffY uRf
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130

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bragL msF njj xJL braiy.
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fhf ekJ ehoY tisFlh ehLfY Vuhs
khd gz tN braglJ. khehL bry
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thlif fol a tUwJ mjF
gyhf xU brhjfol thfyh vd y
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f xUt jdh jh mts bga bjhif
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khjgif etilJ Ugjhf mjid
bjhlJ elj mj gzid ju ntL
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bghUshsU jfSila mikF xU brhj
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vd mgff ghjh mj rKjha Kndho
vgJ J UF vd e nw.

ne flJ:
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ahf gaha nghJ fl xU rgt. kiwj
nja jiyt xUtUF bj brid xU
131

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gid nkghitl eh akd brag
nl. ekJ rKjha afjiyt xUtU m
fyJ bfhoUjh. rKjha jiyt nja
jiyt mU brW jdF ntY nghol
th ju ntL vw nfhifid
itjh. mnghJ nja jiyt mU Uj
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vd Tdh. clnd ekJ rKjha jiytiu mj
v. ghJ rKjha kf cf J btWghf
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mtUF th bfhLgid gfyh
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thju ntL vd thlh. mj ngR
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bra jdF ilfhj gy ntW ahUF
ilf TlhJ vw brayhf bjaiyah?

rKjha jiytflUJ fjJ:

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TlF Vfdnt xU rKjha af Mju
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af mj Tl jiytfl Vfdnt
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nghy e ehoY tisFsh ehoY <LgL
xU Koj ms tiy m fkh
ogJ nghW tN ntil wFtJ.

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fhiy thL Ijh gil ntiy.

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mj TlF Mju vw iyghL
vLfhJ Tl FuYF Xo Mju mj
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133

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Ujjh. Mdh iwa ed Phd cyf
bjhiy ngnf ntiyyhJ ifng tJ lJ.
Mdh mnj bjhiyng sRfis uF ifng
ahf khlJ jh iwa rKjhaF bga
jiytahf kh csJ.
brngh tjwF ta izF Ka
Jt yhj yik tJlJ. rhjhuz T Kj
nfhkh tiu ril ig bfhL brY
150

ndhnu nfSf[
mahta bghUshf khlJ Mraiyjh.
brngh Ka braghLfis bjahjtf
iy banw brhyyh. UjhY y Ka
braghLfis nf brhyyh vd idnw:
1) mu ifnaL 2) miHgt goa 3) onah
gLj 4) gl vLj 5) fhu elJj 6)
bkn[{ mDj 7) vnyh ng{ vw tjf s
gu 8) o. 9) ir 10) br xgu 11) bkhig
ng 12) jg btg iyaj 13) lbe 14)
neh jf 15) cyf k 16) cyf ehza 17) cyf nj
19) vG k 20) fhFnyl 21) S ^ 22)
lfis vjhf fL oF ..v ..M.v
nkTa cgnahff ytif jh. D
mj gaghLf cyf rhykhdJ vgid
kh cyf ifF mlUwJ vW brhY
ksF gaDsjhf mikJsJ.
1964 M ML kdh tisFlh a
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moJ brygL EWfzfhndh wjd.
jDZnfho KYkhf uhnktuJldhd
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Mdh bjhiy bjhl Vgl nriy ts
mghukhdJ vgid uL rgtf _y
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yf Ruf 2000 moF nH ntiy ghJ
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id xU JisnghL m xU brngh brY
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151

lhl. V.. KfkJ m

Ul uL khjfSF wF F tiu onah
fhuY jf FLgjhUl ng kjJ
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2)

mnj nghW bt gaz brj fgdh

ryh nghw uf jf rhjid KoJ th
klyid bjhL tiu jiufLghLl
ng bfhL tjJ midtU ghJ bfh
oUjhf. mj jh mtf g
kjhf.

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vgid vnyhU mt. a ehL bghUshjh
u 8.9 rjj tsailJ tsU ehL vw
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rg a ehLF tUif jjnghJ brhaJ
nghy tsj ehlhf fwJ. Kbgyh fg
nrhW nfigf FUid flD gir
sfh btfhaid foJ bfhL rhl
fhy ngh W twhu rJs cz rhL
juF caJnsh. fuLfY K brofY
btWfhYl gF brw eh W jjkhf
brUf []f mJ munr ytrkhf ir
gF brW ytrkhf g goid Kof
cj fhykhf UwJ. cy brt U
ehlhf ah kh tUwJ vwh kWf KoahJ.
gz vnf Uwnjh mnf kf jhl
tkhL. Mdh mj kna FLg vah
L vgJ uhkJ gHbkh. jf M bg
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baW nahfhJ ciHwd. isf go
fhf fl brngh nkhlh irTl
vW th bfhLwd. y j bry W
isfSF brngh isahL bghik nghy
th bfhLwd. ony lbe tr
brJ bfhLwd. mj is jh yf
152

ndhnu nfSf[
onf tj fijahwJ. vL taJ Kj 18
taFgl Wt Wa fl MF
ol ng vw tiy jsfSF jF jil
brW gntW gh ahyhj J
egfis cUth bfhwd. mj l
beo Mghr iza js gh m bj go
brJ s kdid bfLwhf. mJ nghW
brngh fhj ngRf jik KjLj V
gha bjhlfis Tl flY brngh
Y gkhw brJ bfhwd. bgnwhU
muR jukhd g f goid khztfSF
bfhLf MirgLwJ. Mdh khztf y
gLF vW bjJ m G brfis eh
gonwh. mwhl thifY nfgL
nwh. gntW brf UjhY uL cjhuz
fis kL brhyh vd idnw. nfhit
khtl xgjhtJ goF _W khzf
gUJ xU tUlF K fhziy.
mtf fhzhjJ rgjkhf fht JiwF jft
bfhLfglJ. rg mj _W khzfS
bgfq Ugjhf mJ mtfis brW
ghF nghJ mtf _t xUt Ukzkh MW
khj FHijl UgJ, kW Ut uL
lf L ntiy brtjhf bjjJ. j
njh fhjYfhf kw uL khzfS jf
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kwJ L ntiyf <LgoUjhf vwh
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f xU khzt fJ vw g khzid
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mtUila eg cj brjhuh. Mdh mj
g khz mjid btWjhuh. mtf
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153

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jo nflhuh.. mj g khzid
mj C bgatiu g thf mj uL
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m bllndlfis bghU
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bro vW bjtiy vW. Kiy bro
nghw s tad mahj gUtny jf
f bro vw fhj nk ehl bfh
wd. mjF cjahf brnghD lbeL
UwJ.
154

ndhnu nfSf[
Mdh mitf thrid yhj khztf
jf thif rhjid gilwhf vW y
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1)

brw s 2 gir Kj nu kW
ulh nu tha JJFoid rhj
ghoa ehkfiy rhj rah uh#ghis
aid rhj udh Mnah o. ghg
iyah.

2)

ngRgtf cjL mirid itJ J

bfhS Mw bfhl Utnfid
rhj fh oiut kf ghkh s 2 nj
fhJ nfshjt g Kjl bgWsh.
mt o.. ghgiy.

3)

fahFk khtl uJfilid rhj

brid v.v.v a f khz
khh kiyf itFksF rhjid gilJ
vL a fLoF _yfjhth #dhg
l rhj thsh. mt o.. ghg
iyah.

brnghf Ukzkhfhj Wt Wf
kdid bfLF rhjdkhf UwJ vW mJ
cu unjr khy cs yh vw uhk C
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brngh lbe JZ unahffis jLf y
nahridf:
1)

g khzt khzaUF foghf brngh

tHf TlhJ. mgo tHFtjhf Ujh
mtru miHfSF kLnk mjid cgnah
F msF nrit thf ntL.
155

lhl. V.. KfkJ m

2)

f khza khztfSF ngh bgL

brngh nrit tHfyh. mitf fh rh{
v.v.v rh{ mltiz Yl nrJ
tUkhW brJ bgnwh mjid ffhf
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gLj jil Ujh. Kj v bjj
tf Tl mj KaJt mJ
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jil jd. Mfnt bgnwhf isf
brngh ngRfis ffhgid Kj
vfjh brthf. mjfhf isfis
gLFG H mDkfyhkh? bgnwhf kd
jsuhJ. vJ j isF cfjJ vgid
mtf khf ntL.

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flid lnyhL brjh fL of
yh. D bgnwhUF bjahk tU bk
fis isf dh mgo fgl gF
onu gF UF. mjid a bjJ
bfhsyh.

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foghf g brhyTlhJ.

6)

M Jiz yhj bgfSF vknghy y

tJ mtfl gHfid VgL mtf
cUF fF ciy itghf. cjhuz

156

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F M Jizyhj uhkehju nfiu
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vkdhf KoJ mj eg j TlhfSl
nrJ mtis mtSila mHfhd M xW
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mUnf bfhiy brJ l 2010 ML etg
khj br beir cUFtjhf UjJ.
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y ehf UF nghJ MQ bgQ jf
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vLf mDkf TlhJ. mJ nghW xU
f kzbg jDila thzkhd
glid rf gl khis jhnd vW
mDa nghnlh fhy Ukz gh
KJ lnghJ mj nghnlhit itnj
khis lh mj bgiz nftykhf
ngaJ rga brahf tjJ. Mfnt MQ
bgQ fhj fjfh vW ntW MQl
RW nghJ, nrJ beUfkhf UF
nghnlh onah vLf mDkf TlhJ.

bgfSF vuhd r vw clfil VWj

bg Rid bfhYj, tujriz bfhLik
bgf tbfhLik nghwitfis xf rl
awgLsJ. Mfnt mj bgf Phd
tsF rhjdfshd brngh lbe
nghw itfsh utid bgnwhU cwhU
cl wnjhU xU nghJ mDkf TlhJ.

157

lhl. V.. KfkJ m

ugyfS-y ugykhd
Fw rgtfS!
lL bragLjgL bfhiy, bfhis
flj nghw Fwfsh rg fhyf #dehaf
eho bragL fht JiwdUF xU rthyhf
mikJsJ. bgUghY J nghw Fwf
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f uhkwF mit thf bragL
wJ. Fwf <LgLwtf w giljtfshf
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fS tHFf thjhL tfS, fsrij
gz rghF gzKjiyfS, CH jF
mfhfS Uwhf vwh mJ ifahfhJ.
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Fwfis Mjha nehf bfhL tKiw
gaKWJj flj bfhis nghw Fwf
<LgLj vd sFwJ. tl ah ugykhf
ngrgL lL Fwf <Lgltf<LgLgtf goa tUkhW:
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wh, nrhlh uh#.
jiy efu bl kW mjid Rs kh
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ahrghoidrhj nruh, btis u Ubt
158

ndhnu nfSf[
iurhj nf uhn#u, uhk_, vQiu
rhj ehuhaz, a njhid rhj fhlh
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uk nfhlghfid rhj Mir vw Mir
j milahW fy ka khtlf kz
nkL rfu Kil ut nkF-bjF khtlf
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gRg ghoa fuhnj br nghnwh ugy
Fwthf goa l bgw ugyf.
nkny Fl nf jiytf mf
gofhjtf. Mdh lL Fwf <LgL
gtf yhof. c.idrhj mrh kW
fhiurhj g ahj b#Unj v.v.V
kW v. gjid ojhf vwh ghU
fns. mtf vts yhof vW..
lL Fwf <LgLgtf 19 taUJ
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bgUghyhd Fwthf rhjhuz bghUshjhu
dUJ tjtf Mt.
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cstfS goj gljhfS khztfS
lL Fw bra <LgL tUtJ tU
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nghijbghU flj tH jlid
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urf.
159

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2)

rf tHfPiu vG kw tshfDns
itJ t ml tj uofSl TL
nrJ kbwhU t u bfhiy brjJ.

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bfhLif bjh mg kfid uofis

itJ fl kho bfhl bdhU
tHfP.

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a khztfis fl mtf clikid
gJ bfhL ogl gljh
af.

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s khzt thrid fhUJ LF
wgL nghJ fl gz gJ nfhOtuuhf
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af.

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gofhj Fwthfisk goj Fwth
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vw nguhir jh. Mdh mJ FK nghy bgU
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160

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thL.
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ahF.
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161

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thr fhiy gF brW L khiy
fh oiut Jizl oF wgL
rka nkhlh ir bAbk mJ
tj Ut oiutiu jhL thrid
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gt g jiy mogL cUF
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mJ nghw fy fzhofis bghU
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ghf Tlhf _tiu a iwUJ
vLJ bfhL Kdh uhQt jsgahf U
jtU miwa mu _j ka mikrUkhd
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tjh. mJ mtru fhy eltoif rknahj
ahF.
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eltoif vLjJ. m 700 ngfSF nkyhf
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tj btehL gafis xU g Kdh
fht Jiwia rhjt xUt y nfhif
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j ahF.

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khf f %gh xU nfho VghL brJ mtid
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vaf u, # Mnahiu ojJ kLk
yhk gzabjhifahd xU nfho %gh 98yr
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163

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of Koahk jjj lh Kdh nrk
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fis ifJ brJ M jlid thjjJ _y
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vw W mtSila j if
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clnd nfhit kfUJ kh ugyf
tiu mj Fwthf Utiu clnd
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nghuhfis RL bfhwJ nghY jhyh
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Mdh nfhit FHijfis flJ nghJ
mtf fla thfdid fht Jiwdiu
kl FHijfis cUl f Ka br
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ahU fht Jiwdiu Fiw brhy khlhf.
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165

lhl. V.. KfkJ m

Tl nry xU Wia gha gyhfhu brJ
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