Transporte metabólico

Water molecules are small enough to pass throught the these bilayer membranes.

Sugar molecules are both polar and too large to easily pass through the membrane.
 Mecanismos de transporte
Membranas

Difusión
Por gradiente
Moleculas
•Pequeñas
•neutrales

C02, O2, etanol

agua (P osmótica)

http://137.222.110.150/calnet/cellbio/page3.htm&h
Difusión facilitada ( transporte pasivo)
Gradiente electroquímico

no costo energético pero

Ayudado por:
proteinas acarreadoras: enlace específico, cambio
conformacional, sin enlaces; reversible ej.
glucosa, aminoacidos

Canales (proteínas): forman poros especificidad

tamaño/carga;
mayoría “canales iónicos", pueden tener
“accesos"; ej. Iones pequeños
http://www.biochem.arizona.edu/classes/bioc462/462a/NOTES/LIPIDS/transport.html
 Un canalito

http://www.biochem.arizona.edu/classes/bioc462/462a/NOTES/LIPIDS/transport.html
 * aquaporins

www.sbc.su.se/~gvh/ teaching/SweLL/module1.html

http://faculty.uca.edu/~johnc/trans1440.htm
 transporte activo
(mediante proteínas acarreadoras)
Contra gradiente electroquímico
Requiere energía –usualmente- ATP
Ej. Bomba Na/K

Transporte por vesículas

http://137.222.110.150/calnet/cellbio/page3.htm&h
 Transporte activo

Fig. 12-30 (Nelson & Cox,

Lehninger Principles of
Biochemistry, 3rd ed., 2000):
Primary vs. Secondary Active
Transport

secondary active transport: "uphill" solute

primary active transport: "uphill" solute transport is coupled to "downhill" transport of a
transport directly coupled to an exergonic different solute whose gradient was
chemical reaction, e.g., ATP hydrolysis. established (is maintained) by primary active
transport.

http://www.biochem.arizona.edu/classes/bioc462/462a/NOTES/LIPIDS/transport.html
 Sistemas de transporte

Fig. 12-29 (Nelson & Cox,

Lehninger Principles of
Biochemistry, 3rd ed., 2000): 3
general classes of transport
systems

Aplica a transporte pasivo y activo

http://www.biochem.arizona.edu/classes/bioc462/462a/NOTES/LIPIDS/transport.html
http://www.mfi.ku.dk/ppaulev/chapter1/images/n1-2.jpg
Carbohidratos relevantes en el hombre

Almidón

lactosa : glucosa + galactosa

sacarosa: glucosa + fructosa
maltosa: glucosa + glucosa
 Cambio en energía libre

Figure 5-9: Les enzymes de la digestion des glucides. * Le raffinose est

un trisaccharide.
http://courses.ed.asu.edu/clark/teams/nutrition/Home%20page.htm
http://faculty.uca.edu/~johnc/blood.gif
 Figure 9 - Passive membrane transport by
conformational change in carrier protein (eg.
glucose)

http://137.222.110.150/calnet/cellbio/page3.htm&h
 family of glucose transporters in various tissues (GluT1, GluT2, etc.)
increase rate of glucose transport, but only facilitate its movement DOWN
its concentration gradient
Erythrocytes depend on constant supply of glucose from blood plasma,
where [Glc] = ~4.5-5 mM, to use as energy source (fuel) via glycolysis
GluT1 increases rate of glucose diffusion across membrane by factor of
about 50,000.
Fig. 12-25 (Nelson & Cox, Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 3rd ed.,
2000): Proposed structure of GluT1

http://www.biochem.arizona.edu/classes/bioc462/462a/NOTES/LIPIDS/transport.html
http://www.biochem.arizona.edu/classes/bioc462/462a/NOTES/LIPIDS/transport.html
http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/memb/membranes.htm
 transportadores

NP_079157 DMT Homo sapiens NCBI glucose-6-phosphate/phosphate

NP_061126 DMT Homo sapiens NCBI glucose-6-phosphate/phosphate?

NP_703150 MFS Homo sapiens NCBI glucose

NP_055395 MFS Homo sapiens NCBI glucose/solute

NP_110434 MFS Homo sapiens NCBI glucose/solute

NP_064425 MFS Homo sapiens NCBI glucose/solute

NP_060055 MFS Homo sapiens NCBI glucose/solute

NP_008862 MFS Homo sapiens NCBI glucose

NP_006507 MFS Homo sapiens NCBI glucose/solute

NP_000331 MFS Homo sapiens NCBI glucose/solute

NP_003030 MFS Homo sapiens NCBI glucose/solute

NP_001033 MFS Homo sapiens NCBI glucose/solute

NP_001458 MFS Homo sapiens NCBI glucose-6-phosphatase

XP_117174 SSS Homo sapiens NCBI sodium ion/glucose

NP_689564 SSS Homo sapiens NCBI sodium ion/glucose

NP_443176 SSS Homo sapiens NCBI sodium ion/glucose

NP_055042 SSS Homo sapiens NCBI sodium ion/glucose

NP_003032 SSS Homo sapiens NCBI sodium ion/glucose

NP_000334 SSS Homo sapiens NCBI sodium ion/glucose

http://66.93.129.133/transporter/wb/index2.html
employees.csbsju.edu/.../ list_of_figures.htm
 Digestión de proteínas

Figure 5-8: Les enzymes de la digestion des protéines. Explications dans

le texte. * et (Glycine) : la nature de l'acide aminé intervenant ici n'est pas
importante. Les liaisons peptidiques apparaissent en bleu.
 Animacion de membranas
Y transporte
Membranita que se mueve y pasa el agua
Hasta transmisión de un impulso eléctrico

http://www.wiley.com/legacy/college/boyer/0470
003790/animations/membrane_transport/membr
ane_transport.htm
 At long last, we're ready to actually
absorb these monosaccharides. Glucose
and galactose are taken into the
enterocyte by cotransport with sodium
using the same transporter (secondary
active transport). Fructose enters the cell
from the intestinal lumen via facilitated
diffusion through another transporter.