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Familial Amyloidotic Polyneuropathy
FAP
in a nutshell
No modifier genes identified so far, but familial
aggregation of subphenotypes.
Parent of origin effects: Anticipation of age at
onset, increased penetrance, particularly on
mother to child transmission. Still unexplained
I ?
(genetic imprinting?).
(g p g )
II
III
IV
FAP ‐ Pathology
gy
Kidney
[Costa et al., PNAS, 1978]
Bi h i l characterization
Biochemical h t i ti off this
thi
fundamental constituent of amyloid
reveals the presence of a TTR mutation,
with
ith a methionine
thi i for valine
f li
substitution at position 30.
ATTR V30M
..........................-M--A--S--H--R--L--L--L--L--C--L--A--G-
-1 1 10
CTGGTATTTGTGTCTGAGGCTGGCCCTACGGGCACCGGTGAATCCAAGTGTCCTCTGATGGTCAAA
-L--V--F--V--S--E--A--G--P--T--G--T--G--E--S--K--C--P--L--M--V--K-
20 30
GTTCTAGATGCTGTCCGAGGCAGTCCTGCCATCAATGTGGCCATGCATGTGTTCAGAAAGGCTGCT
-V--L--D--A--V--R--G--S--P--A--I--N--V--A--M--H--V--F--R--K--A--A-
40 50
GATGACACCTGGGAGCCATTTGCCTCTGGGAAAACCAGTGAGTCTGGAGAGCTGCATGGGCTCACA
-D--D--T--W--E--P--F--A--S--G--K--T--S--E--S--G--E--L--H--G--L--T-
60 70 80
ACTGAGGAGGAATTTGTAGAAGGGATATACAAAGTGGAAATAGACACCAAATCTTACTGGAAGGCA
-T--E--E--E--F--V--E--G--I--Y--K--V--E--I--D--T--K--S--Y--W--K--A-
90 100
CTTGGCATCTCCCCATTCCATGAGCATGCAGAGGTGGTATTCACAGCCAACGACTCCGGCCCCCGC
-L--G--I--S--P--F--H--E--H--A--E--V--V--F--T--A--N--D--S--G--P--R-
G S S G
110 120
CGCTACACCATTGCCGCCCTGCTGAGCCCCTACTCCTATTCCACCACGGCTGTCGTCACCAATCCC
-R--Y--T--I--A--A--L--L--S--P--Y--S--Y--S--T--T--A--V--V--T--N--P-
127
AAGGAATGAGGGACTTCTCCTCCAGTGGACCTGAAGGACGAGGGATGGGATTTCATGTAACCAAGA
-K--E--*-.........................................................
GTATTCCATTTTTACTAAAGCAGTGTTTTCACCTCATATGCTATGTTAGAAGTCCAGGCAGAGACA
..................................................................
ATAAAACATTCCTGTGAAAGGCACTTTTCATTCC
Chr 18
Chr. ..................................
Amyloid Type Precursor Disease
AA apoSAA
SAA SSecondary (reactive) amyloidosis
d ( ti ) l id i
FMF
AL Ig light chains (κ,λ)
ATTR Transthyretin Senile systemic amyloidosis
TTR V30M Polyneuropathy
TTR L111M Cardiomiopathy
AapoAI apoA‐I Arg 26 Polyneuropathy, Nephropathy
apoA‐I Arg 60 Nephropathy
A Lys Lysozime Thr 56, His 67 Nephropathy
AFibA Fibrinogen Aα E526V, R554L Nephropathy
AGel Gelsolin Asn 187 FFA
ACys Cystatin C Gln 68 HCHWA, Icelandic type
Aβ2M β2‐microglobulin Hemodialisis amyloidosis
Aβ βPP Alzheimer s disease
Alzheimer’s disease
βPP Gln 618 HCHWA, Dutch type
AScr PrPC, PrPSc, PrPCJD Kuru, Scrapie, CJD, GSS
AIAPP A ili
Amilin Di b
Diabetes melitus, type 2
li 2
ACal procalcitonin Thyroid medulary carcinoma
TTR M t ti
TTR Mutations
Neuropathy
Arg 47 Ile 50 Vitreous/other
Glu 18
Gly 54
Gly 54 P 12
Pro 12
Tyr 77 Val 107 Arg 58
Leu 30 Lys 61
Val 33 Gly 42 Cys 114 Gly 18
Leu 33 Ala 30 Ile 33
Ile 33
Ser 24 Pro 36
Pro 36
Ala 49
Asn 35 Thr 34 Gly 30
Val 47 Met 30
Gln 89 Ala 47 Ala 60 Pro 55 Arg 10
Ile 112 His 69
His 69 Ala 71
Arg 50 Leu 64
Ile 122 Lys 59 Ser 84 His 60
Gly 97
Asp 45 Leu 68
Ile 20 Met 111
Ile 50
Ser 125 Ser 6
Thr 45
Thr 45
Met 119
Cardiomiopathy
III – Epidemiology
PAF ‐ distribuição
FAP Epidemiolgy
FAP ‐ d
de portadores / nut3
t d / t3
100 ou mais (4)
60 a 99 (3)
Cávado
40 a 59 (3) (733)
30 a 39 (3)
20 a
a 29 (2) Grande Porto
G d P
3525 TTR V30M carriers registered 10 a
0 a
19 (2)
9 (11)
(1206)
In 5000 individuals:
• Met 30 8
• Met 119 35
• Met 30/Met 119 1
• Asn 90 12
• Ile 122 1
• Unknown 3
• Thr 190 1
FAP Prevalence Studies
FAP ‐ Prevalence Studies
In 1276 individuals:
• Met 30 16
• Met 30/Met 30 3
• Other mutations not looked for
FAP – World Distribution
FAP
Biopsies
• Nerve and skin
• Fat aspirate
p
• Other
↓
·· AGTCCTGCCATCAATGTGGCCATGCATGTG ··
·· -S--P--A--I--N--V--A--M--H--V- ··
ATTR Diagnosis – DNA Sequencing
ATTR Diagnosis DNA Sequencing
Alternatives
• SSCP
• DHPLC
• etc.
t
TTR V28M
IV - Treatment
FAP - Treatment
ea e
Before the advent of liver transplantation, FAP was an
incurable disease.
Aconselhamento genético
• Diagnóstico pré‐natal
• Diagnóstico pré‐implantação
g p p ç
DESENVOLVIMENTO
EMBRIONÁRIO PRÉ-IMPLANTAÇÃO
É
1º Dia Dia 1-2 Dia 2
Dia 3
• 1 a 2 bl
blastómeros,
ó ao 3º di
dia Dia 4
Dia 5
• Exames preliminares ♀ ♂
• Estimulação: ≥ 9 ovócitos
ez
• ICSI - não contaminação
células
él l s d
da granulosa
l s
ABERTURA DA ZONA PELÚCIDA
• Remoção dos depósitos
• Antagonistas dos glicosaminoglicanos
Fib il é
Fibrilogénese ‐ I
Estudos realizados in vitro com proteínas purificadas.
purificadas
Native Rearranjed
tetramer tetramer A-state
Early model, based on
acidic denaturation Amyloid
fibrils
SAP GAGs
Serag et al. Nature Struct Biol 9: 734-9, 2002
ATTR Citotoxicity Mechanisms
ATTR ‐ Citotoxicity Mechanisms