COURSE 9

Lifestyles
Introduction 1 Read the title of the article below. What do you think it could be about? 2 Skim read the article and ee if your !rediction wa correct. What "iew of the tra"ellin# way of life i e$!re ed? %o you a#ree with it? These children are taught to survive1 &he critici m #enerally le"elled at '(ew )#e tra"eller ' who do not end their children to chool e"ery day i that omehow we are unfit to teach our own children. &hat we are de!ri"in# them of a '!ro!er' education and a 'normal' life. *n fact+ while ome of u ha"e been made homele or unem!loyed and taken to the road a a ur"i"al tactic+ many ha"e made a con ciou and !o iti"e deci ion to li"e in thi way+ not becau e 'the y tem' ha failed u !er onally ,many of u are well-.ualified/ but becau e it i clearly mi #uided and i failin# o many. *t would be fooli h to di re#ard e"erythin# tau#ht in chool . Our children need to know how to read and write+ handle number + and e$!erience mu ic+ !ort + art and craft work. 0ut * cannot a#ree that all children hould know certain !re cribed fact and ac.uire certain !re cribed kill at certain a#e . Our way of education i a kind of in urance. *f we acce!t that adult life may in"ol"e ha"in# at lea t ome !eriod with "ery little money+ with a lot of time on our hand + !erha! without a ecure !lace to li"e+ that kill ha"e to be ada!ted and de"elo!ed to com!ete in the 1ob market+ then our children are e.ui!!ed better than mo t. &hey may not all know what ha!!ened in 1233 by the a#e of ei#ht and three-.uarter + but mo t under tand how to li#ht a fire+ build a tar!aulin helter+ find chea! food and clothin#+ aw and cho! wood+ handle and care for animal and deal with other children and adult in a "ariety of real ituation . 4i itor unu ed to life on ite are often truck by the 'adultne ' of our youn# children. &hreeand four-year- old mi$ freely with adult + !ay ocial call without their !arent + mi#ht #et in"ol"ed in feedin# chicken + milkin# #oat + mendin# en#ine + makin# !a try+ 1ewellery and wood burner . ) well a learnin# 5 kill ' and 'information'+ they learn to acce!t a lot of !eo!1e and their different beha"iour.
1

&ricia ) !inall+ )nette Ca!el+ Advanced Masterclasss CAE Students Book+ O$ford Uni"er ity 6re + 2223+ !. 32

&he feelin# of common hared humanity+ that we are all !art of one 'family'+ i im!ortant in the tra"ellin# community+ and in tead of tri"in# to conform to a norm or com!ete for !o ition+ children are encoura#ed to acce!t that we are all different but all due re !ect in our own way. 7 &he !hra e below ha"e been taken from the article. *n !air + di cu 1 unfit to teach 2 taken to the road 7 'the y tem' ha failed u : com!ete in the 1ob market ; e.ui!!ed better than mo t : Which of the e !hra e de cribe the life tyle of the tra"eller ? English in Use2 1 <ook at the e$tract from a radio inter"iew below. *t i with a !olicewoman who ha been in"ol"ed in an incident with ome (ew )#e tra"eller . =ollowin# thi i a new !a!er re!ort about the incident. &he inter"iew i in informal+ !oken En#li h+ while the new !a!er re!ort i in a more formal and written tyle. Read both te$t and then look at the two e$am!le which ha"e been done for you in the new !a!er re!ort. ) you can ee+ you only need to u e a few word ,ne"er more than two/ to fill the #a!. &he meanin# hould remain a clo e a !o ible to what the !olicewoman aid+ althou#h the word you u e hould not be the ame a the one that a!!ear in the fir t te$t. &hink of other way of fillin# the e fir t two #a! without u in# the actual word from the inter"iew. Interview with a Policewoman >*t wa ab olute chao + they really me ed thin# u!? *t wa about 9.72 la t ni#ht when it wa decided we had to try and mo"e the con"oy off the motorway. *t wa takin# u! all four lane of the motorway+ includin# the hard houlder+ ri#ht u! to the er"ice tation near 1unction 11.
2

what you think they mean.

3 mi$ freely 8 common hared humanity 9 tri"in# to conform 9 com!ete for !o ition

idem+ !. 3;

)bout ;2 officer to di cu

et off toward the 12 "ehicle but they 1u t tarted throwin# tone and rock .

=ortunately+ we didn>t #et hurt but we had to #o back and #et our riot hield . We then mana#ed thin# with the tra"eller who e"entually a#reed to break u! and #o off in three o we had to hut off different direction . *n the meantime+ of cour e+ there were delay to traffic in both direction the north-bound lane + 1u t in ca e. What we are tryin# to do i to kee! an eye on the e con"oy and !re"ent them from cam!in# ille#ally on common land thi holiday weekend.> Police pelted with stones by travellers blocking blockin# the @; motorway. &he con"oy ,2/ wa blockin# all four lane of the motorway+ includin# the hard houlder+ a far a the er"ice tation at 1unction 11. ) ;2 officer ,7/ AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAthe "ehicle + tone and rock ,:/ AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA. ,;/ AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAwa in1ured+ and after retreatin# to obtain riot hield + officer ,3/ AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAwith the tra"eller + who a#reed+ after nearly four hour + to break u! the con"oy into #rou! and ,8/ AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAin three different direction . %urin# the delay+ hea"y traffic built u! on the outh-bound ide+ and the north- bound lane ,9/ AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAnear the er"ice tation a a !recaution. &he flare-u!wa the late t in a cat-and-mou e #ame+ with the !olice ,9/ AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA the con"oy in an o!eration which aim to !re"ent ille#al cam! on common land ,12/ AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA the holiday weekend. "rammar Present Perfect# Present perfect simple 6re ent !erfect im!le refer toB Recent e"ent + without a definite time #i"en. &he recentne We've missed the turning. I've just seen a ghost! *ndefinite e"ent + which ha!!ened at an unknown time in the !a t. (o definite time i #i"en.
7

! attem!ted to mo"e a con"oy of tra"eller

6olice were !elted with tone la t ni#ht after they ,1/

may be indicated by just.

@ichael 4ince+ 6eter Sunderland+ Advanced Language ractice+ O$ford+ @acmillan+ 2227+ !. 21-23

!i" has had three car accidents. ,u! to the !re ent/ *ndefinite e"ent which may ha"e an ob"iou re ult in the !re ent. I've twisted "# ankle. ,that> why *>m lim!in#/ With tate "erb + a tate which la t u! to the !re ent. I've lived here $or the %ast ten #ears. ) habitual action in a !eriod of time u! to the !re ent. I've been jogging ever# "orning $or the last "onth. Contra t with !a t im!le 6a t im!le i u ed with time e$!re ion which refer to definite time . &he time may be tated or under tood. Com!areB I've bought a ne& car. ,indefinite/ I 'ought the car a$ter all. ,im!lied definiteB the car we talked about/ Choice between !a t im!le and !re ent !erfect for recent e"ent may de!end on the attitude of the !eaker. &hi in turn may de!end on whether the !eaker feel di tant in time or !lace from the e"ent. I've left "# &allet in the car. I'" going 'ack to get it. Cere the !eaker may be about to return+ and feel that the e"ent i connected with the !re ent. I left "# &allet in the car. I'" going 'ack to get it. &he !eaker may feel e!arated in time from the e"ent+ or be further away. Present perfect continuous 6re ent !erfect continuou ,!ro#re i"e/ can refer to a ran#e of meanin# + de!endin# on the time e$!re ion u ed and the conte$t. ) tate which la t u! to the !re ent moment I've been waiting $or #ou $or three hours! )n incom!lete acti"ity I've been cleaning the house 'ut I still haven't $inished. &o em!ha i e duration I've been writing letters all "orning. ) recently fini hed acti"ity I've been running. (hat's &h# I look hot. ) re!eated acti"ity I've been taking )rench lessons this #ear. Contra t with !re ent !erfect im!le :

&here may be little contra t when ome tate "erb are u ed. *o& long have #ou lived here+ *o& long have #ou been living here+ Some "erb ,e !ecially sit, lie, &ait and sta#- !refer the continuou form. &here may be a contra t between com!letion and incom!letion+ e !ecially if the number of item com!leted i mentioned. Com!letedB em!ha i on achie"ement I've ironed $ive shirts this "orning. *ncom!lete+ or recently com!letedB em!ha i on duration I've been ironing "# shirts this "orning. Time e$pressions with present perfect @eanin# with !re ent !erfect "erb form i a ociated with certain time e$!re ion . Contra t with !a t im!le may de!end on the choice of time e$!re ion. 6a t im!leB referrin# to a !ecific fini hed time. #esterda#, last &eek, on Sunda# 6re ent !erfectB with >indefinite> time e$!re ion meanin# >u! to now>. since 1939+ alread# @any time e$!re ion are not a ociated with a !ecific "erb form+ ince they refer both to fini hed time or time u! to the !re ent+ de!endin# on the !eaker> !er !ecti"e. I haven't seen *elen recently. I sa& !i" recently. Other includeB $or, never, 'e$ore, all "# li$e, $or a long ti"e, toda#, all da#, ever# da# &he e may be u ed with either !a t im!le or !re ent !erfect. Practice 1 Underline the correct word or phrase in each sentence% a/ * can>t belie"e it+ *n !ector. Dou mean that Smith stole.has stolen.has 'een stealing money from the till all thi time? b/ Dou three boy look "ery #uilty? What did #ou do.have #ou done.have #ou 'een doing ince * le$t.have le$t the room? c/ Why on earth didn't #ou tell.haven't #ou told me about that loo e floorboard? * tri%%ed.have tri%%ed o"er it 1u t now and hurt my elf.

d/ *t> a lon# time ince * sa&.have seen.have 'een seeing your brother 6aul. What did he do.has he done.has he 'een doing lately? e/ * can>t belie"e that you ate.have eaten.have 'een eating three !iEEa already? * onl# 'rought.have onl# 'rought them in fifteen minute a#o? f/ %on>t for#et that you didn't see.haven't seen @r %aw on. She has &aited.has 'een &aiting out ide ince 12.72. #/ What did #ou think.have #ou thought of 0ri#hton? /id #ou sta#.*ave #ou sta#ed there lon#? h/ * feel really tired. * &eeded.have &eeded.have 'een &eeding the #arden for the la t three hour and * didn't rest.haven't rested for a in#le moment. i/
I'm having problems with David. He

has called.has 'een calling

me up in the

middle of the

ni#ht and told.telling me hi trouble . 1/ Cow lon# did #ou have.have #ou had.have #ou 'een having dri"in# le on ? )nd did #ou take.have #ou taken.have #ou 'een taking your te t yet? 2 &ecide how many different endings '1(1)* you can find for sentences 'a(d* &he entence you make mu t be a!!ro!riate and meanin#ful. a/ * ha"en>t been feelin# "ery well FF;+ 9FFFF.. b/ * went to the denti t> FFFFFFF.. c/ *>"e li"ed here FFFFFFF.. d/ %on>t worry. * ha"en>t been waitin# ... FFFFFF e/ *>"e written two !a#e FFFFFFF.. f/ * waited out ide your hou e FFFFFFF.. #/ *>"e warned you about thi FFFFFFF.. h/ * ha"en>t made a deci ion FFFFFFF.. i/ &he re!air worked FFFFFFF... 1/ *>"e decided to belie"e you FFFFFFF.. a/ So far we 0havent noticed0,notGnotice/ 1 time and time a#ain 2 all my life. 7 o far. : for the time bein# ; for the !a t hour or two. 3 yet. 8 till half !a t ei#ht. 9 for a while. 9 the other day. 12 lon#. anythin# lately. unu ual+ but we

# Put each verb in brackets into the most appropriate perfect or past verb form% .............................................. ,notG!ay/ "ery clo e attention. b/ *>m orry * FFFFFFFFFF..,notGcome/ to cla c/ * FFFFFFFFFF.. ,work/ late in the e"enin# for the !a t fortni#ht.

d/ *

wonder

if

@ary

FFFFFFFFFF..

,reach/

home

yet?

She .............................................. ,lea"e/ too late to catch the bu . e/ Cere i the new . &he Come Office FFFFFFFFFF.. ,announce/ that the two !ri oner who FFFFFFFFFF.. ,e ca!e/ from %artmoor !ri on earlier thi mornin#FFFFFFFFFF.. ,#i"e them el"e u!/ to local !olice. f/ FFFFFFFFFF.. ,youGmake u!/ your mind ? What FFFFFFFFFF.. ,youGdecide/ to do? #/ Carry............................,lea"e/ h/ Recent re earch home rather uddenly , how/ but that and that 4ikin# we .............................................. ,notGhear/ from him ince. FFFFFFFFFF.. )merica+ Columbu FFFFFFFFFF..,notGdi co"er/

FFFFFFFFFF.. ,land/ there fi"e hundred year before him. i/ * think that !eo!leFFFFFFFFFF.. ,become/ tired of the !oor .uality of tele"i ion !ro#ramme + thou#h theyFFFFFFFFFF.. ,im!ro"e/ lately. 1/ FFFFFFFFFF.. , omethin#Gha!!en/ to the !hone line ? * FFFFFFFFFF.. ,try/ to #et throu#h to Hla #ow for the !a t hour. k/ 0ill ............. .............,#et/ that new 1ob+ but he FFFFFFFFFF.. ,com!lain/ about it e"er ince. + ,omplete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence- using the word given% &o not change the word given% a/ &hi ha been my home for thirty year . lived * FFhave lived hereFF..for thirty year . b/ Eatin# Chine e food i new to me. never * FFFFFFFFFF..FFFFFFFFFF..before. c/ &ony ha n>t been to 6ari before. first *t> FFFFFFFFFF..FFFFFFFFFF..to 6ari . d/ We ha"en>t been wimmin# for a#e . since *t> FFFFFFFFFF..FFFFFFFFFF.. wimmin#. e/ @ary tarted learnin# =rench fi"e year a#o. 8

has @ary FFFFFFFFFF..FFFFFFFFFF..fi"e year . f/ * am on the tenth !a#e of thi letter * am writin#. ten So far * FFFFFFFFFF..FFFFFFFFFF..of thi letter. #/ *t> o"er twenty year for &hey ha"e FFFFFFFFFF..FFFFFFFFFF..than twenty year . h/ &he la t time * aw %ick wa in 199;. seen * ha"en>t FFFFFFFFFF..FFFFFFFFFF..199;. i/ &here i a definite im!ro"ement in your work. has <ately FFFFFFFFFF..FFFFFFFFFF..im!ro"ed. 1/ &hi i my econd "i it to Cun#ary. visited &hi i the FFFFFFFFFF..FFFFFFFFFF..Cun#ary. ; Underline the correct phrase in each sentence% a/ &he !rice of !etrol has risen. has 'een rising by 1;I o"er the !a t year. b/ (o wonder you are o"erwei#ht? 1ou have eaten. 1ou have 'een eating chocolate all day lon#? c/ I've read.I've 'een reading a really #ood book thi mornin#. d/ %oe n>t thi room look better? I've %ut.I've 'een %utting ome !o ter u! on the wall . e/ %on>t di a!!oint me? I've counted.I've 'een counting on you. t/ %on>t for#et your !ill today. *ave #ou taken the".*ave #ou 'een taking the"+ #/ Who has &orn. has 'een &earing my carf? h/ * think there> omethin# wron# with your motorbike. It's "ade.It's 'een "aking ome "ery funny noi e . i/ Jack has asked. has 'een asking for a !ay-ri e three time thi year. 1/ I've 'een %honing.I've %honed )nn all e"enin#+ but there> no re!ly. . Put each verb in brackets into either the past simple- present perfect simple or present perfect continuous% * ,1/ 00"oved00,mo"e/ to <ondon three week a#o to take u! a new !o t at my 9 ince they #ot married.

com!any> <ondon office. E"er ince then+ * ,2/ 0000000,wonder/ if * ,7/ 0000000 ,make/ the ri#ht deci ion. * ,:/ 0000000 , ee/ a lot of ne#ati"e thin# about li4in# in the ca!ital+ and * can>t ay <ondon ,;/ 0000000 ,make/ a "ery fa"ourable im!re ion on me. *t> o !olluted and e$!en i"e+ and the !eo!le are o di tant. Dou ee+ * ,3/ 0000000 ,#row o when my com!any ,9/ u!/ in a fairly mall town called %e"iEe and * ,8/ 0000000 , !end/ all of my life there. * ,9/ 0000000 ,alway Gwant/ to li"e in a bi# city and 0000000 ,offer/ me a 1ob in <ondon+ * ,12/ 0000000 ,1um!/ at the chance. * think *>m not alone in my a"er ion to the bi# city. )ccordin# to a !ro#ramme * ,11/ 0000000 ,1u tGhear/ on the radio+ more and more !eo!le ,12/ 0000000 , to!/ workin# in <ondon recently+ and a lot of lar#e com!anie ,17/ ,choo e/ to mo"e away from the centre. Oh well+ it> too late to chan#e my mind now+ becau e the 1ob i u! and runnin#+ and * ,1:/ 0000000,alreadyG ell/ my hou e in %e"iEe . 0ut * mu t admit+ o"er the !a t few day + * ,1;/ 0000000 , ecretlyGho!e/ that the com!any would relocate me back to my old town.