ATLAS - Ti 7 User Guide and Reference

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ATLAS.ti 7 User Guide and Reference
ATLAS.ti 7.1 USER MANUAL
ATLAS.ti 7 User Manual Copyri !t "2#1$ %y ATLAS.ti Scientific Soft&are 'e(elop)ent G)%*+ ,erlin. All ri !ts reser(ed. Manual -ersion. 1#/.2#1$12$#. Updated for pro ra) (ersion. 7.1.# Aut!or. 'r. Susanne 0riese 12UARC Consultin 3 4ro ra))in 5'esi n5Layout. 'r. T!o)as G. Rin )ayr 1&&&.!yperte66t.co)3 Copyin or duplicatin t!is )anual or any part t!ereof is a (iolation of applica%le la&. No part of t!is )anual )ay %e reproduced or trans)itted in any for) or %y any )eans+ electronic or )ec!anical+ includin + %ut not li)ited to+ p!otocopyin + &it!out &ritten per)ission fro) ATLAS.ti G)%*. Trade)ar7s. ATLAS.ti is a re istered trade)ar7 of ATLAS.ti Scientific Soft&are 'e(elop)ent G)%*. Ado%e Acro%at is a trade)ar7 of Ado%e Syste)s 8ncorporated9 Microsoft+ :indo&s+ E6cel+ and ot!er Microsoft products referenced !erein are eit!er trade)ar7s of Microsoft Corporation in t!e United States and5or in ot!er countries. Goo le Eart! is a trade)ar7 of Goo le+ 8nc. All ot!er product na)es and any re istered and unre istered trade)ar7s )entioned in t!is docu)ent are used for identification purposes only and re)ain t!e e6clusi(e property of t!eir respecti(e o&ners.
Contents
A%out t!is Manual....................................................................................................................; 8ntroduction............................................................................................................................../
T!e -8SE 4rinciple............................................................................................................................................................./ Areas of Application........................................................................................................................................................1#
Main Concepts and 0eatures.................................................................................................. 1$

T!e *er)eneutic Unit 1*U3............................................................................................................................................1$ 4ri)ary 'ocu)ents 14' or 4'oc3...................................................................................................................................1< 4ri)ary 'ocu)ent 0a)ilies 1'ata Attri%utes3..................................................................................................................1< 2uotations.....................................................................................................................................................................1= Codes.............................................................................................................................................................................17 Me)os...........................................................................................................................................................................1> 0a)ilies ..........................................................................................................................................................................1> Net&or7 -ie&s...............................................................................................................................................................1/ Analysis..........................................................................................................................................................................2# Tea) Tools.....................................................................................................................................................................21 E6port.............................................................................................................................................................................22 ?t!er Tools....................................................................................................................................................................2< ATLAS.ti Mo%ile..............................................................................................................................................................2<
Main Steps in :or7in &it! ATLAS.ti.....................................................................................2=

'ata and 4ro@ect Mana e)ent.......................................................................................................................................2; T!e 4rocess.....................................................................................................................................................................2; General Steps &!en :or7in &it! ATLAS.ti...................................................................................................................27
Main :or7space. T!e *U Editor............................................................................................2/

Co)ponents of t!e *U Editor.........................................................................................................................................$# T!e ?%@ect Mana ers.....................................................................................................................................................$; 4ri)ary 'ocu)ent Mana er...........................................................................................................................................<2 2uotation Mana er........................................................................................................................................................<= Code Mana er................................................................................................................................................................<7 Me)o Mana er..............................................................................................................................................................=# T!e Mana er Side 4anel ................................................................................................................................................=1
'ata 4reparation ................................................................................................................... =>

Startin and Endin an ATLAS.ti Session.........................................................................................................................=> Creatin + ?penin and Sa(in a *er)eneutic Unit.........................................................................................................;# 4reparin 4ri)ary 'ocu)ents ........................................................................................................................................;2 Addin 'ocu)ents to a 4ro@ect......................................................................................................................................7# Rearran in and Renu)%erin 4's................................................................................................................................7; Loadin and Na(i atin 4ri)ary 'ocu)ents..................................................................................................................77 Re)o(in 4ri)ary 'ocu)ents fro) a 4ro@ect.................................................................................................................>;
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'ata Transcription..........................................................................................................................................................>7 8)portin Sur(ey 'ata .................................................................................................................................................../;
'ata Mana e)ent in ATLAS.ti.............................................................................................1#2

T!e 'ocu)ent Li%raries................................................................................................................................................1#$ *o& To Use T!e T&o Li%raries.....................................................................................................................................1#<
Settin Up a Ne& 4ro@ect..................................................................................................... 1#>

Settin up Sin le User 4ro@ects......................................................................................................................................1#/ Settin up Tea) 4ro@ects..............................................................................................................................................1#/
Mi ratin ATLAS.ti = and ; 4ro@ects ....................................................................................11/

Mi ratin ATLAS.ti = and ; Sin leAUser 4ro@ects to ATLAS.ti 7.....................................................................................11/ Mi ratin (ersion = and ; Tea) 4ro@ects to ATLAS.ti 7.................................................................................................121
4ro@ect ,ac7up and Transfer.................................................................................................12>

,ac7up Copies..............................................................................................................................................................12>
Editin 4ri)ary 'ocu)ents.................................................................................................. 1$7 User Mana e)ent................................................................................................................1<7 Mer in *er)eneutic Units................................................................................................. 1=< T!e 'ata Le(el A ,asic 0unctions.......................................................................................... 1;;
Creatin 2uotations.....................................................................................................................................................1;; Creatin and &or7in &it! Te6tual and 4'0 2uotations..............................................................................................1;; Creatin and :or7in &it! Grap!ical 2uotations.........................................................................................................171 Creatin and :or7in &it! Multi)edia 2uotations......................................................................................................17< Creatin and :or7in &it! Goo le Eart! 2uotations...................................................................................................1>2 'eletin 2uotations.....................................................................................................................................................1>; Codin Tec!niBues.......................................................................................................................................................1>7 Codin 4'0 docu)ents................................................................................................................................................1/; Codin 8)a e docu)ents.............................................................................................................................................1/> Codin audio and (ideo docu)ents..............................................................................................................................1// Codin Goo le Eart! docu)ents..................................................................................................................................2## More Codin ARelated 0unctions...................................................................................................................................2#1 Te6t Searc! C Auto Codin ..........................................................................................................................................211 T!e AutoACodin Tool..................................................................................................................................................21/
0a)ily Life............................................................................................................................22=
Co))on 4rocedures....................................................................................................................................................22;
:or7in &it! -aria%les. 4ri)ary 'ocu)ent 0a)ilies............................................................2$<

Code 0a)ilies...............................................................................................................................................................2<# Me)o 0a)ilies.............................................................................................................................................................2<2
:or7in &it! Me)os...........................................................................................................2<$

Mar in 'ra C 'rop.....................................................................................................................................................2</
'ata Analysis and T!eoryA,uildin Tools..............................................................................2=1

Analysis Tools...............................................................................................................................................................2=1 Tools for -isualiDation and T!eory ,uildin ...................................................................................................................2=2 T!e :ord Crunc!er......................................................................................................................................................2=$ 2uery Tool...................................................................................................................................................................2=> Super 0a)ilies...............................................................................................................................................................2># CoAoccurrence Tools.....................................................................................................................................................2/# CodesA4ri)ary 'ocu)ents CrossATa%ulation................................................................................................................$#2 Calculatin 8nterACoder Relia%ility usin CAT................................................................................................................$#< Net&or7 -ie&s.............................................................................................................................................................$#7 *yperte6t.....................................................................................................................................................................$=2
Special Tools.........................................................................................................................$;;
T!e ?%@ect Cra&ler.......................................................................................................................................................$;; T!e *U E6plorer...........................................................................................................................................................$;> Redundant Codin AnalyDer.........................................................................................................................................$7<
Sortin and 0ilterin .............................................................................................................$7> Generatin ?utput...............................................................................................................$>=

?utput 'estinations.....................................................................................................................................................$>= Report Layout...............................................................................................................................................................$>; Creatin ?utput for t!e Main ?%@ects..........................................................................................................................$>> Creatin Reports &it! t!e EML Con(erter....................................................................................................................$/=
E6port C 8)port................................................................................................................... <#=

S4SS E6port..................................................................................................................................................................<#= E6port C 8)port usin EML..........................................................................................................................................<1$ E6portin t!e *er)eneutic Unit in EML ......................................................................................................................<1= *TML E6port................................................................................................................................................................<1; E6port and 8)port of 'ocu)ent Attri%utes 14' 0a)ilies3..............................................................................................<21 E6portin A Mo%ile 4ro@ect 1i4ad App3..........................................................................................................................<21 8)portin A Mo%ile 4ro@ect to ATLAS.ti 'es7top .........................................................................................................<22
4reference Settin s...............................................................................................................<2< Appendi6..............................................................................................................................<==

Useful Resources...........................................................................................................................................................<== Reportin ,u s.............................................................................................................................................................<;# Ser(ice 4ac7s C 4atc!es F Li(e Update..........................................................................................................................<;1
8nde6....................................................................................................................................<;=
A,?UT T*8S MANUAL
A%out T!is Manual
T!is )anual descri%es t!e concepts and functions of ATLAS.ti 7. 8t is not reBuired t!at you read t!e )anual seBuentially fro) first pa e to last. 0eel free to s7ip sections t!at descri%e concepts you are already fa)iliar &it!+ @u)p directly to sections t!at descri%e functions you are interested in+ or si)ply use it as a reference uide to loo7 up infor)ation on certain 7ey features. 0or users &it! no prior 7no&led e of ATLAS.ti+ &e do+ !o&e(er+ reco))end t!at you especially read t!rou ! t!e first part of t!is )anual in order to %eco)e fa)iliar &it! t!e concepts used %y ATLAS.ti and to ain an o(er(ie& of t!e a(aila%le functions. T!ese are t!e c!apters. GT!e -8SE 4rincipleH on pa e /+ GMain Concepts and 0eaturesH on pa e 1$and GMain :or7space. T!e *U EditorH on pa e $#. 0urt!er+ to set up a pro@ect+ &e reco))ended t!at you read a%out t!e GMain Steps in :or7in &it! ATLAS.tiH on pa e 2; and G4reparin 4ri)ary 'ocu)entsH on pa e ;$. 0or all %asicAle(el &or7 li7e creatin Buotations+ codin + and &ritin )e)os+ consult t!e c!apters under t!e )ain !eadin . GT!e 'ata Le(el A ,asic 0unctionsH on pa e 1;;ff. Ad(anced functions are descri%ed under. G'ata Analysis and T!eoryA,uildin ToolsG on pa e 2=1ff. T!e seBuence of t!e c!apters follo&s t!e steps t!at are necessary to start and &or7 on an ATLAS.ti pro@ect. 0irst+ t!e )ain concepts t!at ATLAS.ti utiliDes are e6plained9 t!en an o(er(ie& of all a(aila%le tools is pro(ided. T!ese introductory and )ore t!eoreticallyAoriented parts are follo&ed %y )ore practicallyAoriented c!apters pro(idin stepA%yAstep instructions. Iou &ill learn !o& to )ana e your data+ !o& to set up and start a pro@ect+ and !o& to prepare and edit docu)ents. After a pro@ect is set up+ t!e %asic functions li7e codin + te6t searc!+ autoAcodin + &ritin )e)os+ etc. %eco)e rele(ant. ConceptualAle(el functions li7e t!e Net&or7 Editor+ t!e 2uery Tool and CoAoccurence E6plorer %uild on t!e dataAle(el &or7 1at least in )ost cases3 and are t!erefore descri%ed last. T!e c!apter GResourcesH on pa e <== offers so)e useful ad(ice on !o& to et support and &!ere to find furt!er infor)ation on t!e soft&are.
*o& To Use T!is Manual

T!is )anual is predo)inantly intended for. T!ose &!o !a(e no prior 7no&led e of ATLAS.ti T!ose &!o !a(e &or7ed &it! a pre(ious (ersion+ ATLAS.ti = or ;.
A,?UT T*8S MANUAL
T!ere is no need for users &it! prior 7no&led e to read t!rou ! t!e entire )anual. *o&e(er+ &e !i !ly reco))end t!at t!ey still read t!e follo&in sections5c!apters. GMain Concepts and 0eaturesG on pa e 1$. GMain :or7space. T!e *U EditorG on pa e $#. G Supported 0or)atsG on pa e ;<. G'ata Mana e)ent in ATLAS.tiG on pa e 1#$. GSettin Up a Ne& 4ro@ectG on pa e 1#/. G4ro@ect ,ac7up and TransferG on pa e 12>. GCodin Tec!niBuesG on pa e 1>7. G0a)ily LifeG on pa e 22=. G:or7in &it! Me)osG on pa e 2<$. G'ata Analysis and T!eoryA,uildin ToolsG on pa e 2=1. GNet&or7 -ie&sG on pa e $#7+ GCreatin Reports &it! t!e EML Con(erterG on pa e $/=. So)e eneral fa)iliarity &it! concepts and procedures relatin to t!e :indo&s operatin syste) and co)putin in eneral 1e. .+ files+ folders+ pat!s3 is assu)ed. T!is is lar ely a tec!nical docu)ent. Iou s!ould not e6pect any detailed discussion of )et!odolo ical aspects of Bualitati(e researc! ot!er t!an cursory state)ents fro) t!is )anual.
To t!ose see7in inAdept! instruction on t!e )et!odolo ical aspects and !o& to put ATLAS.ti to practical use in an actual researc!5pro@ect en(iron)ent+ &e !i !ly reco))end t!e follo&in %oo7. 'r. Susanne 0riese. 2ualitati(e 'ata Analysis &it! ATLAS.ti. Sa e+ 2#11. More infor)ation fro) !ttp.55&&&.atlasti.co)5frieseBda.!t)l. Also+ t!e ATLAS.ti Trainin Center offers a full co)ple)ent of dedicated ATLAS.ti trainin e(ents &orld&ide+ %ot! t!rou ! online courses and faceAtoA face se)inars in nearly all parts of t!e &orld. -isit t!e Trainin Center at !ttp.55trainin .atlasti.co).
Manual Con(entions
Notes
Mar in notes. Mar in notes contain i)portant o%ser(ations of a eneral nature.
T!is para rap! contains a eneral note t!at )ay %e of interest or &ort! re)e)%erin .
A,?UT T*8S MANUAL
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Tip5Reco))endation T!is para rap! contains a tip or reco))endation+ i. e.+ so)et!in &e ad(ise you to )a7e a practice in your &or7.
Caution T!is para rap! contains a &arnin or caution+ i. e.+ so)et!in you s!ould a(oid doin or %e a&are of conseBuences %eyond t!e action itself.
8nstruction T!is para rap! contains an instruction+ i. e.+ so)et!in you s!ould follo& alon and5or e6ecute in t!e pro ra).
Additional resources5Su
ested furt!er readin
Additional infor)ation a%out t!is topic is a(aila%le else&!ere+ usually online fro) our &e% site or so)e ot!er place on t!e :e%.
8NTR?'UCT8?N
8ntroduction
ATLAS.ti is a po&erful &or7%enc! for t!e Bualitati(e analysis of lar e %odies of te6tual+ rap!ical+ audio+ and (ideo data. 8t offers a (ariety of tools for acco)plis!in t!e tas7s associated &it! any syste)atic approac! to unstructured data+ i. e.+ data t!at cannot %e )eanin fully analyDed %y for)al+ statistical approac!es. 8n t!e course of suc! a Bualitati(e analysis+ ATLAS.ti !elps you to e6plore t!e co)ple6 p!eno)ena !idden in your data. 0or copin &it! t!e in!erent co)ple6ity of t!e tas7s and t!e data+ ATLAS.ti offers a po&erful and intuiti(e en(iron)ent t!at 7eeps you focused on t!e analyDed )aterials. 8t offers tools to )ana e+ e6tract+ co)pare+ e6plore+ and reasse)%le )eanin ful pieces fro) lar e a)ounts of data in creati(e+ fle6i%le+ yet syste)atic &ays.
T!e -8SE 4rinciple

T!e )ain principles of t!e ATLAS.ti p!ilosop!y are %est encapsulated %y t!e acrony) -8SE+ &!ic! stands for -isualiDation+ 8nte ration+ Serendipity+ and E6ploration.
-isualiDation
T!e (isualiDation co)ponent of t!e pro ra) )eans directly supports t!e &ay !u)an %ein s 1t!is includes researc!ersJ3 t!in7+ plan+ and approac! solutions in creati(e+ yet syste)atic &ays. Tools are a(aila%le to (isualiDe co)ple6 properties and relations %et&een t!e o%@ects accu)ulated durin t!e process of elicitin )eanin and structure fro) t!e analyDed data. T!e o%@ectAoriented desi n of ATLAS.ti see7s to 7eep t!e necessary operations close to t!e data to &!ic! t!ey are applied. T!e (isual approac! of t!e interface 7eeps you focused on t!e data+ and Buite often t!e functions you need are @ust a fe& )ouse clic7s a&ay.
8NTR?'UCT8?N
1#
8nte ration
Anot!er funda)ental desi n aspect of t!e soft&are is to inte rate all pieces t!at co)prise a pro@ect+ in order not to lose si !t of t!e &!ole &!en oin into detail. T!erefore+ all rele(ant entities are stored in a container+ t!e soAcalled K*er)eneutic Unit 1*U3.H Li7e t!e spider in its &e%+ t!e *U 7eeps all data &it!in reac!. Loadin a pro@ect &it! !undreds of files is )erely a )atter of openin a sin le *U.
Serendipity
:e%sterLs 'ictionary defines serendipity as Ka see)in ift for )a7in fortunate disco(eries accidentally.K ?t!er )eanin s are. 0ortunate accidents+ luc7y disco(eries. 8n t!e conte6t of infor)ation syste)s+ one s!ould add. 0indin so)et!in &it!out !a(in actually searc!ed for it. T!e ter) KserendipityK can %e eBuated &it! an intuiti(e approac! to data. A typical operation t!at relies on t!e serendipity effect is %ro&sin . T!is infor)ationAsee7in )et!od is a enuinely !u)an acti(ity. :!en you spend a day in t!e local li%rary 1or on t!e :orld :ide :e%3+ you often start &it! searc!in for particular %oo7s 1or 7ey &ords3. ,ut after a s!ort &!ile+ you typically find yourself increasin ly en a ed in %ro&sin t!rou ! %oo7s t!at &ere not e6actly &!at you ori inally !ad in )ind. E6a)ples of tools and procedures ATLAS.ti offers for e6ploitin t!e concept of serendipity are t!e ?%@ect Mana ers+ t!e *U E6plorer+ t!e interacti(e )ar in area+ full te6t searc!+ and t!e !yperte6t functionality.
E6ploration
E6ploration is closely related to t!e a%o(e principles. T!rou ! an e6ploratory+ yet syste)atic approac! to your data 1as opposed to a )ere K%ureaucraticK !andlin 3+ it is assu)ed t!at especially constructi(e acti(ities li7e t!eory %uildin &ill %e of reat %enefit. T!e entire pro ra)Ls concept+ includin t!e process of ettin acBuainted &it! its particular idiosyncrasies+ is particularly conduci(e to an e6ploratory+ disco(eryAoriented approac!.
Areas ?f Application
ATLAS.ti ser(es as a po&erful utility for Bualitati(e analysis+ particularly of lar er %odies of te6tual+ rap!ical+ audio+ and (ideo data. T!e content or su%@ect )atter of t!ese )aterials is in no &ay li)ited to any one particular field of scientific or sc!olarly in(esti ation. 8ts e)p!asis is on Bualitati(e+ rat!er t!an Buantitati(e+ analysis+ i. e.+ deter)inin t!e ele)ents t!at co)prise t!e pri)ary data )aterial and interpretin t!eir )eanin . A related ter) &ould %e G7no&led e
8NTR?'UCT8?N
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)ana e)ent+H &!ic! e)p!asiDes t!e transfor)ation of data into useful 7no&led e. ATLAS.ti can %e of reat !elp in any field &!ere t!is 7ind of Ksoft dataK analysis is carried out. :!ile ATLAS.ti &as ori inally desi ned &it! t!e social scientist in )ind+ it is no& %ein put to use in areas t!at &e !ad not really anticipated. Suc! areas include psyc!olo y+ literature+ )edicine+ soft&are en ineerin + Buality control+ cri)inolo y+ ad)inistration+ te6t lin uistics+ stylistics+ 7no&led e elicitation+ !istory+ eo rap!y+ t!eolo y+ and la&+ to na)e @ust so)e of t!e )ore pro)inent. E)er in daily are nu)erous ne& fields t!at can also ta7e full ad(anta e of t!e pro ra)Ls facilities for &or7in &it! rap!ical+ audio+ and (ideo data. A fe& e6a)ples. Ant!ropolo y. MicroA estures+ )i)ics+ )aps+ eo rap!ical locations+ o%ser(ations+ field notes Arc!itecture. Annotated floor plans Art 5 Art *istory. 'etailed interpretati(e descriptions of paintin s or educational e6planations of style ,usiness Ad)inistration. Analysis of inter(ie&s+ reports+ &e% pa es Cri)inolo y. Analysis of letters+ fin er prints+ p!oto rap!s+ sur(eillance data Geo rap!y and Cultural Geo rap!y. Analysis of )aps+ locations Grap!olo y. Micro co))ents to !and&ritin features. 8ndustrial 2uality Assurance. AnalyDin (ideo taped userAsyste) interaction Medicine and !ealt! care practice. Analysis of EAray i)a es+ CAT scans+ )icroscope sa)ples+ (ideo data of patient care+ trainin of !ealt! personal usin (ideo data Media Studies. Analysis of fil)s+ T- s!o&s+ online co))unities Touris). Maps+ locations+ (isitor re(ie&s Many )ore applications fro) a !ost of acade)ic and professional fields are t!e reality. 8n fact+ &e encoura e all users to let us 7no& a%out t!e specific use t!ey are )a7in of ATLAS.ti in t!eir area or &or7. Iou can al&ays reac! us (ia t!e ATLAS.ti Support Center at !ttp.55support.atlasti.co).
ATLAS.ti offers support to t!e researc!er A &it!out ta7in control of t!e intellectual process.
T!e funda)ental desi n o%@ecti(e in creatin ATLAS.ti &as to de(elop a tool t!at effecti(ely supports t!e !u)an interpreter+ particularly in !andlin relati(ely lar e a)ounts of researc! )aterial+ notes+ and associated t!eories. Alt!ou ! ATLAS.ti facilitates )any of t!e acti(ities in(ol(ed in Bualitati(e data analysis and interpretation 1particularly selectin + inde6in 5codin + and annotatin 3+ its purpose is not to auto)ate t!ese processes. Auto)atic interpretation of te6t cannot succeed in raspin t!e co)ple6ity+ lac7 of e6plicitness+ or Gconte6tualityH of e(eryday or scientific 7no&led e. 8n fact+ ATLAS.ti &as desi ned to %e )ore t!an a sin le toolMt!in7 of it as a professional &or7%enc! t!at pro(ides a %road selection of effecti(e tools for a (ariety of pro%le)s and tas7s.
Tea)&or7 Support
ATLAS.ti facilitates coAaut!orin + i. e.+ it allo&s t&o or )ore researc!ers or &or7 roups to &or7 on t!e sa)e pro@ect+ al%eit async!ronously. T!is )eans eac! person &or7s on !is or !er o&n pro@ect file. Access to t!e sa)e data source is possi%le. T!e su%Apro@ects are t!en )er ed into one co)pre!ensi(e MASTER pro@ect. ATLAS.ti pro(ides t!e tools t!at allo& for t!e transfer and
8NTR?'UCT8?N
12
con(ersion of researc! data &!ile 7eepin t!e respecti(e sources of ideas identifia%le at all ti)es.
MA8N C?NCE4TS AN' 0EATURES
1$
Main Concepts And 0eatures
T!e concepts of pri)ary docu)ents+ Buotations+ codes+ and )e)os are t!e o(erall foundation you need to %e fa)iliar &it! &!en &or7in &it! ATLAS.ti+ co)ple)ented %y a (ariety of special aspects suc! as fa)ilies+ net&or7 (ie&s 1Nt!e )ain (isualiDation tool3+ and analytical5data Bueryin tools. All of t!ese co)e to et!er in t!e o(erall Gpro@ect container+H T!e *er)eneutic Unit 1*U+ for s!ort3.
T!e *er)eneutic Unit 1*U3

T!e *er)eneutic Unit 1*U3+ pro(ides t!e data structure for eac! pro@ect in ATLAS.ti. T!e na)e &as c!osen to reflect t!e initial approac! ta7en &!en %uildin a support tool for data interpretation. T!ere &as no intention to inti)idate users &it! t!is ad)ittedly ton ueAt&istin na)e. AcBuaint yourself &it! t!is eneral GcontainerH concept and its i)plications. ?nce you understand t!e *U concept+ you understand al)ost e(eryt!in t!at is necessary to &or7 &it! ATLAS.ti. And in spite of its i)pressi(e na)e+ it is really si)ple and practical to use. E(eryt!in t!at is rele(ant to a particular pro@ect 1e. .+ a researc! topic3 is part of t!e *U and resides in t!e di ital do)ain. 0or instance+ t!e 4ri)ary 'ocu)ents+ i. e. t!e data you are analyDin + t!e Buotations+ t!e codes+ t!e conceptual lin7a es 1fa)ilies+ net&or7s3+ and t!e )e)os+ etc.+ are all part of one *U. ?ne o%(ious ad(anta e of t!is container concept is t!at t!e user only !as to deal &it! and t!in7 of one entity. Acti(atin an *U is t!e strai !tfor&ard selection of a sin le file9 all associated )aterial is t!en acti(ated auto)atically.
1<
0i ure 1. T!e !ierarc!y of o%@ects inside a *er)eneutic Unit
T!e )ost %asic le(el of an *U consist of t!e 4ri)ary 'ocu)ents+ follo&ed closely %y t!e KBuotationsK 1N selections fro) t!e 4ri)ary 'ocu)ents3. ?n t!e ne6t le(el+ codes refer to Buotations. Me)os A you )eet t!e) e(ery&!ere. An *U can %eco)e a !i !ly connected entity+ a dense &e% of pri)ary data+ associated )e)os and codes+ and interrelations %et&een t!e codes and t!e data. To find your &ay t!rou ! t!is &e%+ ATLAS.ti pro(ides po&erful %ro&sin + retrie(al and editin tools.
4ri)ary 'ocu)ents 14' ?r 4'oc3

4ri)ary 'ocu)ents represent t!e data you !a(e added to an ATLAS.ti pro@ect. T!ese can %e te6t+ i)a e+ audio+ (ideo or eo rap!ic )aterials t!at you &is! to interpret.
4ri)ary 'ocu)ent 0a)ilies 1'ata Attri%utes3

0a)ilies in ATLAS.ti are a roup of o%@ects 1see t!e entry G0a)iliesH %elo&3. 4ri)ary docu)ent fa)ilies fulfill a special function as t!ey can %e re arded as Buasi dic!oto)ous (aria%les. Iou can roup all fe)ale inter(ie&ees into a 4' fa)ily na)ed Gfe)ale+H all )ale inter(ie&ees into a 4' fa)ily na)ed G)ale.H Iou can do t!e sa)e for different professions+ )arital status+ education le(els+
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etc. T!e classification is a #51 classification. G1H )eanin t!e docu)ent is part of a particular roup9 G#H )eanin it is not part of t!e roup. 0ollo&in a special synta6+ you can also create 4' fa)ilies t!at can %e i)ported or e6ported as (aria%les &it! t&o or )ore c!aracteristics %ased on an E6cel ta%le li7e Gender..)ale and Gender..fe)ale. 4' 0a)ilies can %e later used to restrict codeA%ased searc!es li7e. GS!o& )e all data se )ents coded &it! Oattitude to&ards t!e en(iron)entO %ut only for fe)ales &!o li(e in London as co)pared to fe)ales &!o li(e in t!e country side.H Iou can also use 4' fa)ilies as a filter+ for e6a)ple to reduce ot!er types of output+ li7e a freBuency count for codes across a particular roup of docu)ents. See t!e c!apter on G:or7in &it! -aria%les. 4ri)ary 'ocu)ent 0a)iliesH %elo& on pa e 2$<.
2uotations
A Buotation is a se )ent fro) a 4' t!at is interestin or i)portant to t!e user. 8n te6tual docu)ents+ a Buotation is an ar%itrary seBuence of c!aracters ran in in len t! fro) a sin le c!aracter+ to a &ord+ a sentence+ or a para rap!+ e(en up to t!e entire data file. 0ree Buotations rese)%le passa es Kscri%%ledK on t!e )ar in of a %oo7. Usually+ Buotations are created )anually %y t!e researc!er. *o&e(er+ if repetiti(e &ords or p!rases are contained in t!e te6t+ t!e AutoACodin feature can %e used to auto)atically se )ent t!ese Buotations and assi n a code to t!e). :!en a Buotation is created+ ATLAS.ti auto)atically assi ns an identifier to it. T!is identifier is %uilt fro) t!e inde6 of t!e pri)ary te6t to &!ic! it %elon s and t!e first $# letters 1note t!at a different len t! can %e set (ia 4references3 of t!e te6t se )ent+ e. .+ K1.21 T!erefore a )ore efficient fil....K. T!e identifier is displayed in list &indo&s and printouts. 0or rap!ic+ audio+ and (ideo se )ents+ t!e ori inal file na)e of t!e 4' is c!osen as an identifier. Alt!ou ! t!e creation of Buotations is al)ost al&ays part of a %roader tas7 li7e codin or &ritin )e)os+ KfreeK Buotations can %e created t!at indicate interestin parts in t!e pri)ary data for &!ic! a )eanin ful classification !as not yet %een found 1GT!e 'ata Le(el A ,asic 0unctionsG on pa e 1;;3.
2uotations As Layers
2uotations can %e re arded li7e a transparent layer on top of a docu)ent. Tec!nically spea7in + a Buotation consists of t!e identifier 1a nu)%er3 and a pair of coordinates t!at specify t!e %e innin and end of t!e Buotation. T!e
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content of a 4' file 1t!e data source3 is t!erefore not altered %y t!e creation+ deletion+ or )odification of Buotations. 2uotations are stored inside t!e *U+ independent of t!e docu)ent to &!ic! t!ey %elon . Additional readin . !ttp.55do&nloads.atlasti.co)5li%rary5MaiettaP2##/A #=P;.pdf
Types ?f 2uotations
T!ere are si6 different types of Buotations 1correspondin &it! t!e si6 different types of for)ats ATLAS.ti accepts3 .
Te6t 2uotations
A te6tual Buotation ori inates fro) an ar%itrary seBuence of selected c!aracters. Te6tual Buotations represent 1for t!e co)puter3 a seBuence of c!aracters 1Kstrin sK3 and can %e of ar%itrary siDe. Sentences+ speec! turns+ or para rap!s are often t!e %asis for t!e len t! of te6tual Buotations. ?nly te6t offers enou ! Ksyntactical cluesK to allo& for searc!es for t!e occurrence of specific e(idence t!at )ay support a concept. Te6t also offers t!e option for auto)atic se )entation as used %y t!e AutoACodin procedure 1GT!e AutoACodin ToolG on pa e 21/3.
Grap!ic 2uotations
T!e creation+ acti(ation+ and display of rap!ical Buotations !as si)ilarities &it!+ %ut also differs fro)+ t!eir te6tual counterparts. A rap!ical Buotation is a rectan ular re ion inside a rap!ical 4'. 0ro) its data structure+ it is identical to te6tual Buotations+ since t!eir )ain attri%utes are also t!e 4' identifier and t&o coordinates t!at )ar7 t!e %e innin and end+ definin a rectan le t!rou ! its upper left and lo&er ri !t corner. *andlin rap!ical Buotations is lar ely analo ous to )ar7in te6t passa es in a te6tual docu)ent 1GCreatin and :or7in &it! Grap!ical 2uotationsG on pa e 1713.
4'0 2uotations
4'0 Buotations can %e of a te6tual or of a rap!ical nature. T!e Buotation references for te6tual Buotations indicate t!e pa e nu)%er and t!e start and end position on t!e %asis of c!aracter counts. 0or e6a)ple. 1$1.1=$7A$1.17<=3 )eans t!at t!is Buotation is fro) pa e $1+ startin at c!aracter 1=$7 and endin at c!aracter 17<=. T!e reference for coded i)a es indicates t!e position of t!e Buotation &it!in t!e 4'0 file+ li7e 1Q<22AQ;1>3 1GCreatin and &or7in &it! Te6tual and 4'0 2uotationsG on pa e 1;;.
Audio And -ideo 2uotations

Audio and (ideo Buotations can %e as s!ort as a fe& )illiseconds. T!e len t! of a Buotation is selected on a ti)e line. Se )ent startin points and len t! are displayed in t!e follo&in for)ats. )illiseconds 5 **.MM.SS.)s 5 fra)es 1for (ideos3
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See GCreatin and :or7in &it! Multi)edia 2uotationsG on pa e 17<.
Goo leEart! 1GE3 2uotations

:!en creatin a GE Buotation+ you see t!e ATLAS.ti icon on t!e GE )ap. 8t is lin7ed to one location and t!us is different fro) all ot!er types of Buotations t!at present a ran e. T!e Buotation 8' s!o&s eit!er t!e na)e of t!e docu)ent or t!e featureOs na)e 1if applica%le3. 8n addition t!e eo rap!ic reference of t!e )ar7ed location is pro(ided 1GCreatin and :or7in &it! Goo le Eart! 2uotationsG on pa e 1>2 Additional readin 1:or7in &it! Goo leEart! data3. !ttp.55do&nloads.atlasti.co)5li%rary5CisnerosP2##/A#$P17.pdf
Codes
T!e ter) code is used in )any different &ays. 0irst+ &e &ould li7e to define &!at t!at ter) )eans in Bualitati(e researc!+ and t!en in ATLAS.ti.
Codin ?%@ecti(es
0ro) a )et!odolo ical standpoint+ codes ser(e a (ariety of purposes. T!ey capture )eanin in t!e data. T!ey also ser(e as !andles for specific occurrences in t!e data t!at cannot %e found %y si)ple te6tA%ased searc! tec!niBues. Codes are used as classification de(ices at different le(els of a%straction in order to create sets of related infor)ation units for t!e purpose of co)parison 1e. .+ a concept li7e KCopin Strate yK3. Reep code na)es %rief and succinct. Use t!e co))ent pane for lon er ela%orations. 0ro) a Klo& le(elK tool perspecti(e+ codes are typically s!ort pieces of te6t referencin ot!er pieces of te6t+ rap!ical+ audio+ or (ideo data. T!eir purpose is to classify an often lar e nu)%er of te6tual or ot!er data units. 8n t!e real) of infor)ation retrie(al syste)s+ t!e ter)s Kinde6+K Kinde6in +K or K7ey&ordK are often used for &!at &e call KcodeK or Kcodin K. T!e len t! of a code s!ould %e restricted and s!ould not %e too (er%ose. 8f te6tual annotations are &!at you &ant+ you s!ould use Buotation co))ents instead. T!e tec!nical aspects of codin are descri%ed in t!e section GCodin Tec!niBuesG on pa e 1>7.
Te6t Searc! Tool

0ro) si)ple strin )atc!in to sop!isticated pattern )atc! 1GRE43 and cate ory searc!+ all is a(aila%le in t!e Te6t Searc! Tool 1see pa e 211 ff3.
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:ord Crunc!er
T!e :ord Crunc!er counts all &ords in te6tual 4's. T!e count can %e li)ited to one 4' only or include all 4's. To clean up t!e count or to count only certain &ords+ a stop and o list can %e defined. T!e result can %e displayed in for) of a &ord cloud or an E6cel ta%le. T!e result can %e displayed in an E6cel ta%le 1GT!e :ord Crunc!erG+ pa e 2=$3.
Auto Codin Tool

8f t!e pri)ary te6t itself contains i)portant 7ey &ords+ t!e Auto Codin Tool scans t!e te6t and auto)atically assi ns a preAselected code to )atc!in te6t passa es. 8f so desired+ t!e process can %e controlled %y )anual confir)ation of eac! action 1GT!e AutoACodin ToolG+ pa e 21/3.
Me)os
Me)os capture your t!ou !ts re ardin t!e te6t and are an i)portant de(ice for creatin t!eory. A K)e)oK is si)ilar to a code+ %ut usually contains lon er passa es of te6t. A )e)o )ay Kstand aloneK or it )ay refer to Buotations+ codes+ and ot!er )e)os. T!ey can %e rouped accordin to types 1)et!od+ t!eoretical+ descripti(e+ etc.3+ &!ic! is !elpful in or aniDin and sortin t!e). Me)os )ay also %e included as t!e o%@ects of analysis %y assi nin t!e) as 4's. See t!e c!apter on G:or7in &it! Me)osG on pa e 2<$ff. Additional readin 1Me)o &ritin 3. !ttp.55do&nloads.atlasti.co)5li%rary50rieseP2##/A#/P1.pdf !ttp.55do&nloads.atlasti.co)5li%rary50rieseP2##>A12P>.pdf
0a)ilies
0a)ilies are a &ay to for) clusters of 4's+ codes+ and )e)os for easier !andlin of roups of codes+ )e)os+ and 4's. 4ri)ary 'ocu)ent fa)ilies can %e re arded as attri%utes or (aria%les 1G0a)ily LifeG+ pa e 22=3. 0a)ilies can %e co)%ined usin lo ical operators si)ilar to codes and Super Codes 1GSuper 0a)iliesG+ pa e 2>#3.
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Net&or7 -ie&s
Net&or7 -ie&s are a %it )ore sop!isticated t!an fa)ilies. T!ey allo& you to conceptualiDe t!e structure %y connectin sets of si)ilar ele)ents to et!er in a (isual dia ra). :it! t!e aid of Net&or7 -ie&s you can e6press relations!ips %et&een codes+ Buotations+ and )e)os. 4's+ fa)ilies and e(en Net&or7 -ie&s can also %e GnodesH in a net&or7 (ie&.
0i ure 2. An e6a)ple of a net&or7 (ie& 1see sa)ple pro@ect3
Nodes+ Lin7s And Relations

A node is any o%@ect t!at is displayed in a Net&or7 -ie&. Iou can c!an e t!eir loo7 and )o(e t!e) around in t!e Net&or7 Editor. Relations are lin7 prototypes used to create a lin7 %et&een t&o codes or %et&een t&o Buotations. An e6a)ple is t!e GisAaH 18SA3 relation+ &!ic! is freBuently used to lin7 concepts of different a%straction le(el 1e. .+ '?G SisaT MAMMAL3.
Net&or7 -ie& Mana er

T!e Net&or7 -ie& Mana er contains a list of all sa(ed Net&or7 -ie&s pre(iously constructed %y t!e user. 8t can %e used to create ne& Net&or7 -ie&s+ to access or delete e6istin ones+ or to &rite and edit co))ents.
Net&or7 Editor
T!e Net&or7 Editor displays and offers all editin capa%ility to construct and refine se)antic net&or7s. 8n addition+ it allo&s t!e (isual creation and tra(ersal of !yperte6t structures.
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Relation Editor
S!ould t!e already %uiltAin relations t!at are used to connect o%@ects in Net&or7 -ie&s pro(e not sufficient+ you can edit t!e) or create ne& ones usin t!e Relation Editor.
Lin7 Mana ers

T!e Lin7 Mana ers pro(ide an o(er(ie& of all codeAcode lin7s and of all BuotationABuotation lin7s you !a(e created. Iou find )ore infor)ation on t!e net&or7 function under GNet&or7 -ie&sG+ startin on pa e $#7. -ideo tutorials. Net&or7 ,uildin 115$3. !ttp.55&&&.youtu%e.co)5&atc!U(N7?%p2=GML U Net&or7 ,uildin 125$3. !ttp.55&&&.youtu%e.co)5&atc!U(N#u)fcNTVB*c Net&or7 ,uildin 1$5$3. !ttp.55&&&.youtu%e.co)5&atc!U(NWTRW/='IA#2 *yperlin7s. !ttp.55&&&.youtu%e.co)5&atc!U(NR78%St=rp7s
Analysis
ATLAS.ti contains )ultiple po&erful+ dedicated analytical tool to !elp to )a7e sense of your data once it is coded.
2uery Tool
0or )ore co)ple6 searc! reBuests+ t!e 2uery Tool is at your disposal. *ere you can for)ulate searc! reBuests t!at are %ased on co)%inations of codes usin one or a co)%ination of 1< different operators+ ,oolean+ se)antic and pro6i)ity operators 1G2uery ToolG+ pa e 2=>3.
Super Codes
A Super Code differs fro) a standard code. A standard code is directly lin7ed &it! t!e Buotations to &!ic! it is associated+ &!ile a Super Code is a stored Buery+ t!us pro(ides an ans&er to a Buestion 1in t!e %est case3 t!at typically consists of se(eral co)%ined codes 1GSuper 0a)iliesG on pa e 2>#3.
T!e CoAoccurence E6plorer

T!e CoAoccurence E6plorer is )ore e6ploratory t!an t!e 2uery Tool. Rat!er t!an deter)inin t!e codes yourself+ you can as7 ATLAS.ti &!ic! codes !appen to coAoccur in t!e )ar in area. T!e output can %e (ie&ed in for) or a tree (ie& or a ta%le (ie& 1CTE. CoAoccurence Ta%le E6plorer3. T!e CTE pro(ides freBuency of coAoccurrence and a coefficient )easurin t!e stren t! of t!e relation is calculated. Since a coefficient is only appropriate for so)e type of data+ its display can %e acti(ated or deacti(ated.
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8t is al&ays possi%le to directly access t!e data %e!ind t!e freBuency counts or coefficient. Iou find t!is function under t!e ANALIS8S )enu. 0or furt!er infor)ation+ see GCoAoccurrence ToolsG+ pa e 2/#.
CodesA4ri)ary 'ocu)entATa%le
T!e CodesA4ri)aryA'ocu)ent Ta%le contains t!e freBuency of codes across docu)ents. A re ated counts %ased on code and pri)ary docu)ent fa)ilies are also a(aila%le. T!e ta%le can %e e6ported as E6cel co)pati%le ta%le. ?ptionally+ t!e ta%le cells can also contain t!e &ord counts for t!e Buotations per code across docu)ents.
0i ure $. CodesA4ri)aryA'ocu)ents Ta%le
T!is option can %e found under t!e ANALIS8S )enu. See GCodesA4ri)ary 'ocu)ents CrossATa%ulationG+ pa e $#2.
Tea) Tools
Tea) &or7 is a nor)al scenario in data analysis+ and ATLAS.ti is uniBuely suited for colla%orati(e &or7. A nu)%er of special tools and features support efficient &or7 in a tea).
Tea) Li%rary
8n ATLAS.ti 7+ docu)ents are stored in a special repository called li%raries. 0or tea)s+ a tea) li%rary is pro(ided and *Us usin t!is li%rary are )ar7ed as tea) *Us.
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User Ad)inistration
Mana e t!e ATLAS.ti user data%ase t!rou ! t!e user ad)inistration tool. T!is is a prereBuisite for colla%orati(e &or7+ %ut is also useful to indi(idual users t!rou ! personaliDin t!e lo Ain or protectin an *U &it! a pass&ord. User Mana e)ent options can %e found under t!e Tools )enu. See also t!e c!apter on GUser Mana e)entH+ pa e 1<7.
*er)eneutic Unit Mer er

T!is tool )er es different *Us. A (ariety of options to control t!e )er e strate y are offered. Iou find t!is function under t!e Tools )enu. 0urt!er infor)ation is pro(ided in t!e c!apter GMer in *er)eneutic UnitsG+ pa e 1=<.
Codin AnalyDer
T!e Codin AnalyDer is !elpful after )er in *Us. 8t tests for redundant codes+ i. e.+ codes used )ore t!an once for data se )ents t!at o(erlap or are e)%edded in one anot!er 1see pa e $7<3.
E6port
RT0
T!ere are output options for eac! of t!e )ain o%@ects in ATLAS.ti. 4ri)ary 'ocu)ents+ 2uotations+ Codes and Me)os. Iou find it under t!e respecti(e )enus. Iou can output a list of pri)ary docu)ents alon &it! t!eir co))ents+ all or selected Buotations &it! our &it!out co))ents+ Buotations %y codes 1(ia t!e Codes 5 ?utput )enu3+ a list of all codes+ codeAnei !%ors lists+ etc. 0or )e)os+ you can eit!er output @ust a list of your )e)os+ t!e content of )e)os or t!e content includin t!e lin7ed o%@ects.
4'0
Iou can print out coded docu)ents as you see t!e) on t!e screen &it! t!e codes in t!e )ar in area. T!is option is a(aila%le for te6t+ i)a e and 4'0 docu)ents and you find it under '?CUMENTS 5 ?UT4UT 5 4R8NT :8T* MARG8N.
EML E6port ?f 4ro@ect 0ile

T!e EML enerator e6ports all infor)ation contained in an *U in EML for)at. T!is uni(ersal+ open data for)at allo&s for a &ide (ariety of possi%ilities for display+ processin + and e(en inte ration of your data &it! e6ternal applications. Clic7 on t!e EML %utton in t!e )ain tool %ar to e6plore t!e options.
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EML Reports
ATLAS.ti offers a nu)%er of reports (ia EML style s!eets. 8f you are s7illed in &ritin suc! style s!eets+ you can create any output you li7e %ased on t!e ra& EML file of your ATLAS.ti pro@ect. 0or all ot!ers+ &e !a(e put to et!er a selection of useful reports li7e creatin a code %oo7+ lists of all fa)ilies &it! t!eir )e)%ers+ all )e)os &it! lin7ed Buotations+ o(er(ie&s of t!e (arious lin7s created in net&or7 (ie&s+ Buotation output %y codes+ etc. Iou find t!is option under 4R?WECT 5 EE4?RT 5 EML EE4L?RER.
S4SS E6port
Iou can e6port your coded data as S4SS synta6 file. :!en e6ecuted in S4SS+ your Buotations %eco)e cases and your codes and code fa)ilies (aria%les. 8n addition+ furt!er identifyin infor)ation in for) of (aria%les is pro(ided li7e t!e pri)ary docu)ent nu)%er for eac! case+ start and end position and creation date. T!ese (aria%les allo& you to a re ate your data in S4SS if needed 1GS4SS E6portG+ pa e <#=3. 8f you need a less detailed output+ see XCodesA4ri)ary 'ocu)ents CrossA Ta%ulationG on pa e $#2. T!e ta%le pro(ides an output t!at is already a re ated %y pri)ary docu)ents.
E6cel E6port
T!e freBuency of codes across docu)ents 1C?'ES 5 ?UT4UT 5 C?'ESA4R8MARI '?CUMENT TA,LE3+ t!e results of t!e CoAoccurence Ta%le E6plorer 1T??LS 5 C?A ?CCURENCE T??LS+ and t!e &ord freBuency count 1see GT!e :ord Crunc!erG+ pa e 2=$3 can %e e6ported as E6cel co)pati%le file.
Grap!ic 0iles
Net&or7 -ie&s can %e sa(ed as %)p or e)f files. ?pen a net&or7 (ie& and select NET:?RR 5 SA-E AS GRA4*8C 08LE.
*TML Generator
4u%lis!in online or @ust creatin a printout fro) a pro@ect is a(aila%le &it! t!e *TML enerator 1see T??LS 5 EE4?RT T?. 5 *TML3. T!e results can %e (ie&ed platfor)Aindependent &it! any :e% %ro&ser. T!is option can %e found under t!e E6tras )enu and is %est suita%le for e6portin your entire pro@ect. *TML preferences can %e set under T??LS 5 4RE0ERENCES 5 *TML 4RE0ERENCES 1G*TML E6portG+ pa e <1;3.
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?t!er Tools
?%@ect Cra&ler
:it! t!e ?%@ect Cra&ler+ you can searc! all of t!e parts of your pro@ect &it!in ATLAS.ti t!at contain te6t. Searc!es are not restricted to @ust te6tual 4's. codes+ )e)os+ Buotations+ all fa)ilies+ codeAcode lin7s+ !yperAlin7s+ and t!e *U can %e searc!ed. 8n addition+ t!e scope of t!e searc! can %e li)ited to certain fields. Iou find t!e ?%@ect Cra&ler under t!e Tools )enu 1GT!e ?%@ect Cra&lerG+ pa e $;;3.
*U E6plorer
T!e *U E6plorer displays all t!e ele)ents of an *U in a strictly !ierarc!ical )anner+ e(en if t!e structures are nonA!ierarc!ical+ or e(en cyclic. Iou find t!e *U E6plorer under t!e Tools )enu 1GT!e *U E6plorerG+ pa e $;>3.
ATLAS.ti Mo%ile
ATLAS.ti Mo%ile 0or T!e 84ad
ATLAS.ti+ t!e po&erful 7no&led e &or7%enc!+ no& !as a co)panionYATLAS.ti Mo%ile for t!e i4ad. :it! t!e app you can collect and analyDe data &!ere(er you are and can ta7e your i4ad alon . 4er!aps you &ant a &or7 on a docu)ent &!ile on a lon train+ plane or %oat ride. E)ail it to yourself so it is a(aila%le on t!e i4ad. Add it to an ATLAS.ti Mo%ile pro@ect+ read it+ &rite co))ents+ and perfor) codin &or7. Iou can later )er e t!e result &it! your e6istin ATLAS.ti des7top pro@ect. T!is is e6plained in t!e sections GE6portin A Mo%ile 4ro@ect 1i4ad App3G and G8)portin A Mo%ile 4ro@ect to ATLAS.ti 'es7top .G
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0i ure <. ATLAS.ti i4ad app in action
A co)plete docu)entation of t!e app is a(aila%le fro) !ttp.55ipad.atlasti.co). ATLAS.ti Mo%ile for t!e i4ad is a(aila%le 0REE fro) t!e Apple app store.
ATLAS.ti Mo%ile 0or Android

,y popular de)and+ an app for Android de(ices &ill %e co)in soon. Stay tuned.
MA8N STE4S 8N :?RR8NG :8T* ATLAS.T8
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Main Steps 8n :or7in :it! ATLAS.ti
T!e fi ure %elo& illustrates t!e )ain steps of &or7in &it! ATLAS.ti+ startin &it! t!e creation of a pro@ect+ addin docu)ents+ identifyin interestin t!in s in t!e data and codin t!e). Me)os and co))ents can %e &ritten at any sta e of t!e process+ &!ereas t!ere is possi%ly a s!ift fro) &ritin co))ents li7e addin )eta infor)ation to your docu)ents+ first code nodes t!at later turn in to code definitions+ initial t!ou !ts a%out specific data se )ents 1t!e ATLAS.ti Buotations3 to )ore e6tensi(e )e)o &ritin durin t!e later sta es of t!e analysis. ?nce your data is coded+ it is ready to %e Bueried usin t!e (arious analysis tools pro(ided. T!e insi !ts ained can t!en %e (isualiDed usin t!e ATLAS.ti net&or7 (ie& function. So)e steps need to %e ta7en in seBuenceAAfor instance+ lo ic dictates t!at you cannot Buery anyt!in or loo7 for coAoccurences if your data !as not yet %een coded. ,ut ot!er t!an t!at t!ere are no strict rules. Net&or7 (ie&s+ in addition to presentin findin s+ also !a(e an e6ploratory co)ponent and as suc! can !elp you to see your data fro) a different perspecti(e. T!is )ay pro(ide furt!er ideas for codin + Bueryin or e(en furt!er data collection.
0i ure =. Main &or7 flo&
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'ata And 4ro@ect Mana e)ent

A first i)portant %ut often ne lected aspect of a pro@ect is data and pro@ect )ana e)ent. T!e first step is data preparation. Iou find )ore infor)ation on supported file for)ats in t!e section G Supported 0or)atsG on pa e ;<. Apart fro) analyDin your data+ you also )ana e di ital content and it is i)portant to 7no& !o& t!e soft&are does it. 0or detailed infor)ation+ see t!e section G:!at !appens %e!ind t!e scene if you add docu)ents to a pro@ectH on pa e 71ff. As a %asic uide+ consider t!e follo&in %asic Buestions.

S!ould data %e edited after it is assi ned to ATLAS.tiU See t!e section on GEditin 4ri)ary 'ocu)entsH on pa e 1$7. 'o you need data to %e s!ared a)on tea) )e)%ersU 0or furt!er infor)ation on tea) pro@ect )ana e)ent see GSettin up Tea) 4ro@ectsG on pa e 11#.:!ere and !o& can you create pro@ect %ac7upsU 1G4ro@ect ,ac7up and TransferG on pa e 12>3.
T!e 4rocess
T!ere are t&o principal )odes of &or7in &it! ATLAS.ti+ t!e data le(el and t!e conceptual le(el. T!e 'ata Le(el includes acti(ities li7e se )entation of data files9 codin te6t+ i)a e+ audio+ and (ideo passa es9 and &ritin co))ents and )e)os. T!e Conceptual Le(el focuses on Bueryin data and )odelA%uildin acti(ities suc! as lin7in codes to net&or7s+ in addition to &ritin so)e )ore co))ents and )e)os.
'ataALe(el :or7
'ataAle(el researc! acti(ities include se )entin t!e data t!at you !a(e assi ned to a pro@ect into Buotations+ addin co))ents to respecti(e passa es 1noteA)a7in 5annotatin 3+ and codin selected te6t passa es or data se )ents+ secondary )aterials+ annotations+ and )e)os to facilitate t!eir later retrie(al. T!e act of co)parin note&ort!y se )ents leads to a creati(e conceptualiDation p!ase t!at in(ol(es !i !erAle(el interpreti(e &or7 and t!eoryA%uildin .
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ATLAS.ti assists you in all of t!ese tas7s and pro(ides a co)pre!ensi(e o(er(ie& of your &or7 as &ell as rapid searc!+ retrie(al+ and %ro&sin functions. :it!in ATLAS.ti+ initial ideas often find e6pression t!rou ! t!eir assi n)ent to a code or )e)o+ to &!ic! si)ilar ideas or te6t selections also %eco)e assi ned. ATLAS.ti pro(ides t!e researc!er &it! a !i !ly effecti(e )eans for Buic7ly retrie(in all data selections and notes rele(ant to one idea. Read )ore detail in t!e section on t!e G'ata Le(el ,asic 0unctionsH in t!e full )anual.
Conceptual Le(el :or7

,eyond codin and si)ple data retrie(al. ATLAS.ti allo&s you to Buery your data in lots of different &ays+ co)%inin co)ple6 code Bueries &it! (aria%les+ e6plorin relations!ips %et&een codes and to (isualiDe your findin s usin t!e net&or7 tool. ATLAS.ti allo&s you to (isually KconnectK selected passa es+ )e)os+ and codes into dia ra)s t!at rap!ically outline co)ple6 relations. T!is feature (irtually transfor)s your te6tA%ased &or7space into a rap!ical Kplay roundK &!ere you can construct concepts and t!eories %ased on relations!ips %et&een codes+ data se )ents+ or )e)os. T!is process so)eti)es unco(ers ot!er relations in t!e data t!at &ere not o%(ious %efore and still allo&s you t!e a%ility to instantly re(ert to your notes or pri)ary data selection. 0or )ore detail+ see G'ata Analysis and T!eoryA,uildin ToolsG on pa e 2=1ff.
General Steps :!en :or7in :it! ATLAS.ti

T!e follo&in seBuence of steps is+ of course+ not )andatory+ %ut descri%es a co))on Kscript.K Create a pro@ect+ an Kidea container+K )eant to enclose your data+ all your findin s+ codes+ )e)os+ and structures under a sin le na)e. :e call t!is a K*er)eneutic UnitK 1*U3. A )ore detailed e6planation is pro(ided %elo& 1GMain :or7space. T!e *U EditorG on pa e $#. Ne6t+ add docu)ents+ te6t+ rap!ic+ audio and (ideo files+ and Goo le Eart! as so called 4ri)ary 'ocu)ents 14's3 to your ATLAS.ti pro@ect. See GAddin 'ocu)ents to a 4ro@ectG on pa e 71. Read and select te6t passa es or identify areas in an i)a e or select se )ents on t!e ti)e line of an audio or (ideo file t!at are of furt!er interest+ assi n 7ey &ords 1codes3+ and &rite co))ents and )e)os t!at contain your t!in7in a%out t!e data. :e call t!is t!e 'ataALe(el &or7in p!ase 1GT!e 'ata Le(el A ,asic 0unctionsG+ pa e 1;;3.
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Co)pare data se )ents %ased on t!e codes you !a(e assi ned9 possi%ly add )ore data files to t!e pro@ect. ?r aniDe 4's+ codes+ and )e)os usin G0a)iliesH 1see t!e c!apter on G0a)ily LifeG on pa e 22= for furt!er infor)ation3. 2uery t!e data %ased on your researc! Buestions utiliDin t!e different tools ATLAS.ti pro(ides. T!e 7ey &ords to loo7 for are. si)ple retrie(al+ co)ple6 code retrie(als usin t!e Buery tool+ si)ple or co)ple6 retrie(als in co)%ination &it! (aria%les (ia t!e scope %utton+ t!e coAoccurence e6plorer 1tree and ta%le e6plorer3+ t!e codesApri)ary docu)ent ta%le+ E6cel and S4SS e6port of freBuency counts for furt!er statistical analysis 1see GAnalysis ToolsG on pa e 2=1. ,uild se)antic+ prepositional or ter)inolo ical net&or7s fro) t!e codes you !a(e created. T!ese net&or7s+ to et!er &it! your codes and )e)os+ for) t!e fra)e&or7 for e)er in t!eory. Loo7 for t!e c!apter GNet&or7 -ie&sG+ pa e $#73. 0inally+ co)pile a &ritten report %ased on t!e )e)os you !a(e &ritten t!rou !out t!e (arious p!ases of your pro@ect and t!e net&or7s you !a(e created and e(en pu%lis! your pro@ect as a :orld :ide :e% docu)ent or an indi(idual presentation usin EML. See GGeneratin ?utputG+ pa e $>=ff. Additional readin a%out &or7in &it! ATLAS.ti. A !ttp.55do&nloads.atlasti.co)5li%rary5Casase)pereP2##7A#7P11.pdf A !ttp.55&&&.Bualitati(eA researc!.net5inde6.p!p5fBs5article5(ie&Article51;$25$1</ A !ttp.55atlas)alaysia.&ordpress.co)52#1#5#/5#15!o&tolr5
MA8N :?RRS4ACE. T*E *U E'8T?R
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Main :or7space. T!e *U Editor
T!e *er)eneutic Unit 1*U3 Editor is t!e )ain &or7space. 8t is opened after t!e start of t!e pro ra)+ and &ill %e your G!o)e pa eH )ost of t!e ti)e.
0i ure ;. T!e *U Editor &it! acti(ated line nu)%ers and )ar in area.
T!e *U Editor ser(es as t!e )ain editin tool and offers access to all ot!er &or7%enc! tools. Iou can decide &!ic! parts of t!e &indo& to display and custo)iDe its appearance to your needs. Use t!e -8E:S )enu to !ide so)e of t!e %uttons+ &indo&s+ etc.
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Co)ponents ?f T!e *U Editor

T!e nu)%ers in %rac7ets refer to t!e fi ure a%o(e s!o&in t!e *U editor.
Title ,ar Z1[

T!e title %ar is co))on to all &indo&s and dialo %o6es. 8t displays t!e na)e of t!e *U t!at is currently %ein edited.
Main Menu And Tool ,ars Z2[

T!e )ain )enu %elo& t!e title %ar offers access to t!e different 7inds of o%@ects t!at populate an *U. Co))ands found in t!e )ain )enu are often also a(aila%le fro) conte6t )enus and tool%ar %uttons. Tool %ars offer functions t!at are enerally also a(aila%le as )enu co))ands. A s!ort Gtool tipH !elp te6t is displayed &!en t!e )ouse pointer rests on a tool %utton. T!e Edit options in t!e tool %ar are a(aila%le only &!en an edita%le 4ri)ary 'ocu)ent 14'3 is displayed. T!e tools fro) t!e Editin Tool%ar can %e used after enterin edit )ode. T!e (arious options are e6plained furt!er in t!e section on GEditin 4ri)ary 'ocu)entsH on pa e 1$7.
T!e 4ri)ary 'ocu)ent Tool ,ar Z$[

T!e 4' tool%ar is to t!e left of t!e 4' pane. Note t!at it is disa%led unless a docu)ent is loaded.
?%@ect 'ropA'o&n Lists Z<[

,elo& t!e )ain tool%ar+ you find four dropAdo&n lists t!at contain t!e *ULs )ain entities. 0ro) left to ri !t+ t!ese are t!e dropAdo&n lists for. 4'ocs+ Buotations+ codes+ and )e)os. Clic7 into t!e entry field or t!e little dropAdo&n arro& on t!e ri !t to select an o%@ect. Clic7 t!e %utton to t!e left of t!e entry field to open an ?%@ect Mana er.
4ri)ary 'ocu)ent 4ane Z=[

T!e do)inant &indo& pane in t!e *U Editor is t!e 4ri)ary 'ocu)ent 4ane. T!is pane is t!e central &or7space &!ere te6t or rap!ic )aterial is re(ie&ed+ )ar7ed+ coded+ and annotated. 8t is usually au )ented %y t!e 4ara rap! nu)%er pane &!en te6t docu)ents are loaded Z>[ and t!e )ar in area Z/[.
4ara rap! Nu)%er Area Z;[

To t!e left of t!e te6t area+ paragraph numbers can %e displayed. Tec!nically a !ard return in te6t docu)ent is interpreted as para rap!.
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Mar in Area Z7[

To t!e ri !t !and side of t!e 4' area is t!e optional margin area. ,ars are used to indicate Buotations. Attac!ed codes+ )e)os+ and !yperlin7s are displayed ne6t to t!e Buotation %ars. T!e )ar in area is fully interacti(e. t!e displayed o%@ects are sensiti(e to )ouse clic7s and !a(e t!eir o&n conte6t )enus. 8n addition+ a (ariety of dra AandAdrop options are possi%le. See G Mar in 'ra C 'ropG on pa e 2</ for )ore detail. Iou can resiDe t!e )ar in area usin t!e split %ar Z1#[ %et&een t!e 4' pane and t!e )ar in pane. :!en you dou%le clic7 on a code in t!e )ar in area+ a co))ent field pops up s!o&in t!e code definition if you !a(e &ritten one.
0i ure 7. Mar in area conte6t )enu
A eneral conte6t )enu can %e opened inside t!e )ar in area %y )o(in t!e )ouse pointer onto t!e %ac7 round %et&een t!e o%@ects. 8t allo&s you to set display properties of t!e o%@ects.
Mar in Area 4references

Se(eral indi(idual preferences can %e set for t!e )ar in area. t!e 7ind of o%@ects s!o&n+ &!et!er icons s!ould %e used+ &!et!er inAplace editin s!ould %e allo&ed+ etc. 8n order to set your indi(idual preferences. Select T??LS 5 4RE0ERNCES 5 GENERAL 4RE0ERENCES 1or use t!e G&renc!H %utton3 and t!en select t!e Mar in ta%.
:indo&s Splitter Z>[

Use t!e &indo&s splitter to resiDe t!e 4' pane and )ar in area.
Re ion ,utton Z/[

:!en you clic7 on t!e plus si n on t!e ri !t !and side of t!e editor+ you can open up t!ree )ore re ions for t!e display of docu)ents. T!us+ you can (ie& 1and &or7 on3 up to four docu)ents sideA%yAside.
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'ocu)ent ,ar Z1#[
0i ure >. *U editor &it! t&o docu)ent re ions
8ndicates t!e acti(e re ion for currently loaded docu)ents.
Na(i ation 4ane Z11[

T!e na(i ation pane allo&s easy access to pri)ary docu)ents+ Buotations+ codes+ )e)os and net&or7 (ie&s. Iou can searc! for o%@ects and also load 5 open t!e) t!e) fro) !ere. ?pen t!e na(i ation pane at t!e left !and side of t!e editor.
0i ure /. Accessin t!e na(i ation pane
'ou%leAclic7 on a docu)ent entry to load it into t!e first docu)ent re ion.
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0i ure 1#. :or7in &it! t!e na(i ation pane
Use t!e searc! field to searc! for a specific ite). T!is is especially useful if you &or7 &it! lots of docu)ents or !a(e a lon list of codes or ot!er o%@ects. 8f you &ant to rena)e an o%@ect+ use t!e inAplace )et!od 1see G8nAplace La%el Editin G on pa e <2. S&itc! to -ie& )ode %y ri !t clic7in on an o%@ect in t!e list to see pre(ie& i)a es for eac! docu)ent. T!is pro(ides a ood o(er(ie& if you &or7 &it! different )edia types and is especially !elpful &!en analyDin lots of i)a e data 1see 0i ure 113. T!e -ie& )ode is a(aila%le for pri)ary docu)ents and for net&or7 (ie&s.
0i ure 11. -ie& pre(ie& i)a es for your docu)ents in t!e na(i ation pane
Status ,ar Z12[

T!e status %ars at t!e %otto) of t!e &indo&. T!e left)ost field tells t!e user a%out successful ter)ination of operations+ and displays t!e file na)e of t!e currently loaded file. At ti)es+ it also contains s!ort !elp te6ts for )enu ite)s and %uttons+ and s!o&s error )essa es &!en necessary.
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0i ure 12. T!e status %ar
To&ards t!e ri !t side+ t!e current (ie& siDe of t!e loaded docu)ent is s!o&n. Ne6t to it t!e ATLAS.ti icon. 8t c!an es to a pen &!en t!e 4' is s&itc!ed to edit )ode. T!e ne6t field displays t!e docu)entLs content type 1e. .+ Ric! Te6t+ 4'0 i)a e+ audio+ (ideo and GE?3 and t!e selected lan ua e 1in 0i ure 12 t!is is 'E for Ger)an3. Clic7 t!e 'efault %utton to select t!e lan ua e.
0i ure 1$. Select t!e lan ua e you are usin
4opAup Menus
4opAup or Kconte6tK )enus are acti(ated &it! a ri !t )ouse %utton clic7.
\Conte6tL or \popAupL )enus are used for co))ands t!at apply to a selected o%@ect or to a specific su%Apane inside a )ultiApane &indo&. A popAup )enu is acti(ated %y a ri !t )ouse clic7 at t!e current location of t!e )ouse pointer. T!ey are also ter)ed conte6t sensiti(e %ecause t!e offered co))ands depend on t!e type and t!e current state of t!e o%@ect or t!e conte6t in &!ic! t!e )enu &as acti(ated. Usin popAup )enus to initiate procedures is a t!reeAstep procedure typical for &indo&A)ouse user interfaces. Select an o%@ect. ?pen t!e popAup )enu &it! t!e ri !t )ouse %utton. Select a co))and &it! t!e left )ouse %utton. T!e *U editor pro(ides specific popAup )enus in eac! of its su%Apanes. T!e 4' pane alone offers a (ariety of popAup )enus+ dependin on &!at is currently displayed or selected. :!en t!ere is no 4' displayed 1e. .+ directly after startin a session or after closin a 4'3 you et t!e &allpaper )enu.
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0i ure 1<. :allpaper popAup )enu
:!en a 4' is loaded and a c!un7 of te6t is selected+ a different popAup )enu is displayed.
0i ure 1=. 4opAup )enu for a selected te6t se )ent.
8f t!e selection is an e6istin Buotation+ t!e popAup )enu ets )ore specific.
0i ure 1;. 4opAup )enu for a Buotation.
T!e co))ands are tailored to t!e o%@ects under t!e cursor at t!e ti)e t!e conte6t )enu pops up.
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T!e ?%@ect Mana ers

T!e ad(anta e of dropAdo&n lists is t!at t!ey sa(e space. To pro(ide )ore efficient access to t!e o%@ects listed in t!e dropAdo&n lists+ t!e lists can %e displayed in a detac!ed &indo&. T!ese &indo&s are called ?%@ect Mana ers %ecause t!ey not only allo& access to t!e o%@ects+ %ut pro(ide )any )ore options and functions. Li7e )any ot!er tools t!at can %e in(o7ed fro) t!e )ain editor+ an ?%@ect Mana er is a c!ild or dependent &indo& of t!e )ain editor. C!ild &indo&s !a(e so)e co))on properties. T!ey are closely related to t!eir parent &indo& 1!ere. t!e *U editor3 and c!an es in eit!er t!e c!ild or t!e parent &indo& are usually K%roadcastK %et&een t!e) 1li7e t!e selections of o%@ects3. T!ey can %e resiDed and positioned independently of t!eir parent &indo&. T!ey are )ini)iDed &!en t!e parent &indo& is )ini)iDed and t!ey are restored &it! t!eir parent &indo&. T!ey are closed &!en t!e parent &indo& is closed. *o&e(er+ c!ild &indo&s do N?T )o(e &it! t!e parent &indo&.
RollAup Mode
?n lo& resolution screens+ ?%@ect Mana ers can co(er relati(ely lar e areas of t!e &or7space. Iou can use t!e rollAup )ode to sa(e screen space. 8n order to Groll upH a &indo&+ clic7 on t!e icon on t!e top left of t!e &indo& as s!o&n in 0i ure 17 and t!e select t!e rollAup option fro) t!e )enu.
0i ure 17. Acti(ate t!e rollAup )ode to opti)iDe space
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Launc!in An ?%@ect Mana er

8n addition to t!e options pro(ided %y t!e na(i ation pane+ you can also open a list of all docu)ents in a separate &indo& called t!e 4ri)ary 'ocu)ent Mana er. T!is )ana er contains a nu)%er of additional functions. To open for instance t!e 'ocu)ent Mana er+ select t!e )ain )enu option '?CUMENTS 5 4R8MARI '?C MANAGER or clic7 on t!e 4A'ocs %utton to t!e left of t!e dropAdo&n list. 8n t!e sa)e &ay+ you can launc! t!e 2U?TAT8?N+ C?'E MANAGER and MEM? MANAGER.
0i ure 1>. 4ri)ary 'ocu)ent Mana er
?n t!e ri !t !and side of t!e &indo& you see t!e list of o%@ects. -arious (ie& options are a(aila%le 1see -ie& Menu3. ?n t!e left !and side+ you see an optional side panel t!at s!o&s t!e e6istin fa)ilies. 0a)ilies are a de(ice in ATLAS.ti t!at allo&s you to roup o%@ects 1see T!e Mana er Side 4anel 3. 8f you select an ite) t!at is part of a fa)ily+ t!e fa)ily icon is !i !li !ted. 8n 0i ure 1/ for instance t!e )e)o]idea )e)o is selected. As it is part of t!e )e)o fa)ily 8nstructions+ t!e icon of t!is fa)ily is !i !li !ted.
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0i ure 1/. Lin7 %et&een list ite)s and associated fa)ilies
8f you clic7 on a fa)ily in t!e side panel+ you acti(ate a local filter and t!e list to t!e ri !t only s!o&s t!e ite)s of t!e selected fa)ily. Note t!at t!e fa)ily is displayed in %old c!aracters.
0i ure 2#. Use side panel to filter t!e list of pri)ary docu)ents
8t is also possi%le to set a lo%al filter in t!e side panel and to create fa)ilies and super fa)ilies ri !t &!ere you need t!e) in t!e Mana er 1see GT!e Mana er Side 4anel G on pa e =23. Clic7 on S*?: ALL to (ie& t!e full lists of ite)s a ain. Iou can acti(ate or deacti(ate t!e side panel %y selectin . -8E: 5 S*?: S8'E 4ANEL+ or select clic7 on t!e side panel %utton in t!e tool %ar 1see left3.
T!e ?%@ect Mana er :indo&

T!e four ?%@ect Mana ers !a(e so)e co))on properties. T!e eneral layout of t!eir &indo& is as follo&s.
Title+ Menu+ And Tool%ar

T!e title %ar displays t!e o%@ect type. 8n t!e fi ure a%o(e t!e 4' Mana er is s!o&n. T!e )enu and t!e tool%ar %elo& t!e title %ar offer access to freBuently used functions+ so)e of &!ic! are also accessi%le fro) popAup )enus. As t!e functions are different for all four o%@ect types+ )enu and tool%ar options differ for t!e four ?%@ect Mana ers. T!e tool%ar options are descri%ed in )ore detail %elo&. T!e )enu ite)s rese)%le t!e correspondin )ain )enus in t!e *U Editor. Note t!at not all options are a(aila%le at all ti)es. So)e )enu and tool%ar options need eit!er a sin le selection or )ultiple selections.
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T!e List 4ane

,elo& t!e tool%ar is t!e list pane. Unli7e t!e *U E6plorer or t!e Net&or7 Editor t!at can !andle !etero eneous collections of o%@ects+ t!e ?%@ect Mana ers display o%@ects of only one type. :!en you are in G'etailsH (ie& )ode+ a nu)%er of attri%utes of t!e ite)s are displayed in a ta%leAli7e )anner. T!e order of t!e colu)ns can %e c!an ed %y dra in a colu)n to a different position in t!e list. 8te)s can %e sorted or re(ersed %y clic7in on t!e respecti(e colu)n !eader.
T!e Te6t 4ane

T!e te6t pane+ located %elo& t!e list pane+ displays t!e co))ent or+ in t!e case of )e)os+ t!e te6t %ody. All te6t panes are Ric! Te6t co)pati%le.
T!e Split ,ar

T!e relati(e siDe of t!e list and co))ent pane can %e )odified %y dra in t!e split %ar %et&een t!e t&o panes. T!e cursor c!an es &!en t!e )ouse )o(es o(er t!e split %ar. Iou can reAsiDe t!e ad@acent panes %y dra in t!e split %ar to t!e desired position.
T!e Status ,ar

T!e status %arLs fields display fro) left to ri !t t!e nu)%er of o%@ects+ t!e selected o%@ect+ t!e filter+ and t!e sort option.
0i ure 21. Status %ar of pri)ary docu)ent )ana er
T!e status %ar a%o(e indicates t!at t!e 4ri)ary 'ocu)ent Mana er lists 12 docu)ents+ none of t!e 4's is currently selected. T!e filter is set to display only docu)ents fro) t!e 4' fa)ily. 8n(esti ation+ and ite)s are sorted %y G8'.H 0or additional infor)ation a%out !o& to use t!e status %ar for sortA and filterA related procedures see GSortin and 0ilterin H on pa e $7>.
4opAUp Menus
T!e list and te6t panes offer conte6t sensiti(e popAup )enus. T!e list paneLs conte6t )enu contains a portion of t!e co))ands a(aila%le fro) t!e )ain )enu for t!e selected o%@ects. T!e te6t paneLs )enu offers standard co))ands for editin and for)attin .
-ie& Menu
-ie& ?ptions are t!e sa)e for all ?%@ect Mana ers.
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CL?U' -8E: 1a(aila%le in t!e Code Mana er only3. S!o&s all codes in a cloud (ie&. ?nce you !a(e acti(ated t!e cloud (ie&+ (arious ot!er (ie& options are offered (ia t!e CL?U' su% )enu+ li7e (ie&in e6tended ta s+ c!an es t!e &ei !t to roundedness 5 density+ to sort %y na)e+ etc. C!oose %et&een (ie&in T8LES+ LARGE 8C?NS+ SMALL 8C?NS+ a L8ST of ite)s+ or a list of ite)s plus additional infor)ation in 'ETA8LS (ie&. T!e Tiles (ie& is interestin in co)%ination &it! t!e option 4RE-8E: S8VE. T!is option is a(aila%le in t!e 4A'ocs and Me)o Mana er and results in t!e display of t!u)% nail i)a es. T!e S8NGLE C?LUMN (ie& s!o&s t!e )ost essential infor)ation li7e na)e+ !o& often used+ lin7a es to ot!er o%@ects+ start and end position 1&!ere applica%le3. USE GR8' displays lines %et&een ro&s in 'etails (ie&. LE'GER STILE s!ades e(ery ot!er ro&. '8S4LAI 0RE2UENC8ES. ?ffers a (isualiDation of Buotation freBuencies in t!e 4A'ocs Mana er and of roundedness and density counts in t!e Code Mana er. 8t needs to %e co)%ined &it! t!e 'etails (ie&. AUT?AC?L?R M?'E 1only a(aila%le in t!e Code Mana er3. Codes are auto)atically assi ned a color accordin to t!eir roundedness and density. See GTH on pa e $<7 for details. 4RE-8E: S8VE is related to t!e tiles (ie&. Iou can c!ose a)on (arious siDes startin &it! t!e standard siDe 1$2 6 $23 up to GodDilla siDe 1=126=123. S*?: S8'E 4ANEL. T!e side panels can %e used to create and display fa)ilies 1see Creatin 0a)ilies3+ to select fa)ilies as local or lo%al filter 1see 0ilterin 3and to create super fa)ilies 1see Super 0a)ilies3. S*?: T??L,AR. turns t!e display of t!e tool%ar on or off. USE 8MAGES. S!o&s icons for t!e (arious o%@ects. 0?NT indi(idually specifies t!e font used for t!is list. T!e default font for t!e list and t!e te6t area can %e set in General 4references. RE0RES* 10=3 refres!es t!e list display SELECT ALL 8TEMS is selfAe6planatory.
Selectin 8te)s 8n ?%@ect Mana ers

Ne6t to t!in7in + clic7in &ill li7ely %e one of t!e )ost freBuent acti(ities &!en &or7in &it! ATLAS.ti. Clic7in is done in )any different &ays suc! as sin leA and dou%leAclic7in and clic7in &it! t!e left or t!e ri !t )ouse %utton. T!e Kse)anticsK of a )ouseA clic7 are not perfectly strai !tfor&ard+ and a fe& (ariations )ust %e learned.
A sin le clic7 selects an o%@ect+ a dou%leAclic7 e6ecutes an associated action for t!e o%@ect.
A sin le clic7 &it! t!e left )ouse %utton selects and !i !li !ts an ite) in eac! of t!e ?%@ect Mana ers. 'ou%leAclic7in an ite) selects t!e o%@ect and in(o7es a procedure dependin on t!e type and state of t!e o%@ect. T!e effect of a dou%leAclic7in is descri%ed for eac! of t!e ?%@ect Mana ers %elo&. 0or )ultiple selections+ you )ay use t!e standard :indo&s selection tec!niBues.
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Sortin And 0ilterin

T!e ?%@ect Mana ers per)it co)forta%le sortin and filterin . See GT!e Mana er Side 4anel G on pa e =2 and GSortin and 0ilterin H on pa e $7> for details.
Searc!in
Use t!e searc! field to searc! for eit!er docu)ents+ Buotations+ codes or
0i ure 22. Searc! field in o%@ect )ana ers
)e)os in t!e respecti(e )ana ers. 8f you enter a searc! ter)+ all o%@ects t!at include t!e ter) so)e&!ere &ill %e s!o&n in t!e list. 0or e6a)ple+ if you enter t!e ter) Gc!ildrenH in t!e code )ana er+ all codes t!at include t!e &ord Gc!ildrenH so)e&!ere in t!e code na)e &ill %e s!o&n li7e c!ildren. unrelated to personal !appiness+ or source. c!ildren+ or S2. Reasons for !a(in c!ildren. Re)e)%er to delete t!e searc! ter) if you &ant to see all codes a ain.
8ncre)ental List Searc!

T!is feature is a(aila%le in t!e list pane of all ?%@ect Mana ers. Select any ite) in t!e list and type in an ar%itrary seBuence of c!aracters to @u)p to a su%seBuent list entry )atc!in t!is seBuence. 0or e6a)ple+ suppose a nu)%er of codes %e in &it! Ke)K 1e. .+ KE)otionsK3 and ot!ers &it! Ke6K 1e. .+ KE6ternal ReferenceK3. typin Ke)K &ill @u)p to t!e first of t!e KEMotion ^K codes+ &!ile enterin Ke6K &ill @u)p to KEEternal reference.K E(ery ot!er c!aracter typed ad(ances t!e focus to t!e ne6t list entry unless a )atc!in na)e cannot %e found. A(oid lon delays %et&een enterin c!aracters. After a certain syste)A defined ti)eout+ t!e ne6t c!aracter starts a ne& for&ard searc!.
8nAplace La%el Editin

8nAplace editin in ?%@ect Mana ers and side panels is a con(enient &ay to rena)e o%@ects. ?n a selected ite)+ you can initiate inAplace editin %y eit!er clic7in a ain or pressin t!e 02 7ey. 'onOt rus! t!e second clic7+ t!ou !+ as t!is initiates a dou%leAclic7 action. Under EETRAS 5 4RE0ERENCES 5 GENERAL 4RE0ERENCES+ ta%. Mar in you can set &!et!er an inAplace action s!ould %e a local or a lo%al action. T!e default is local.
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Editin Te6t
8n t!e ?%@ect Mana ers+ t!e co))ent for t!e selected o%@ect or a )e)oLs content is displayed in t!e te6t pane %elo& t!e list pane. Iou )ay edit t!e te6t ri !t t!ere or you )i !t prefer to open a fullAfled ed te6t editor 1see %utton to t!e left3. 0or )inor c!an es+ &or7in in t!e ?%@ect Mana erLs te6t pane is Buite co)forta%le. T!ere are se(eral &ays to sa(e a c!an ed co))ent. :it! General 4references set to KAccept c!an es in %ro&ser silently+K an o%@ectLs co))ent 1or a )e)oLs %ody3 is sa(ed auto)atically &!ene(er you select anot!er o%@ect in t!e list. T!is is t!e default settin and a Buic7 &ay to sa(e. *o&e(er+ you &ill also c!an e t!e te6t if you clic7 on anot!er ite) accidentally. 8f you are not usin t!e 2uic7 Sa(e option+ you need to confir) sa(in t!e co))ent or )e)o &!en selectin anot!er o%@ect in t!e list. C!an es can %e e6plicitly sa(ed at any ti)e %y pressin t!e CtrlAS 7ey co)%ination+ or (ia E'8T 5 ACCE4T fro) t!e ?%@ect Mana erLs )enu. Note. All te6t editors offer full ric! te6t support.
4ri)ary 'ocu)ent Mana er

0or )any operations+ t!e 4ri)ary 'ocu)ent Mana er is easier to !andle t!an t!e dropAdo&n list 1see 0i ure 1>3. 8f you dou%leAclic7 on a docu)ent+ it &ill %e loaded into t!e acti(e re ion. Iou can also dra and drop docu)ents fro) !ere onto t!e re ion %uttons 1see left3 to load it into a ne& re ion. ?r clic7 on t!e re ion %utton first to open a ne& re ion and t!en dra a docu)ent in t!e e)pty re ion pane. As already s!o&n for t!e na(i ation pane 1see GNa(i ation 4ane Z11[ on pa e $$+ you can also (ie& your docu)ents as tiles. -8E: 5 T8LES. T!e standard option is to see t!u)% nails. ,ut you can also increase t!e siDe %y selectin -8E: 5 4RE-8E: S8VE.
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0i ure 2$. 4re(ie& i)a es for docu)ents in 4ri)ary 'oc Mana er
Ne6t to eac! tile you find infor)ation a%out t!e docu)ent9 its type+ t!e fa)ilies it %elon s to+ and t!e nu)%er of Buotations. 'ou%leAclic7. 'ou%leAclic7in a 4' loads t!e data source and displays its content in t!e 4' pane. Sin leAclic7 F pause F sin leAclic7 1or 023 acti(ates inAplace editin of 4' na)es. Multiple Selection. Iou can select )ore t!an one 4' at a ti)e. T!is is useful for printin a selected list of 4's 1?UT4UT 5 L8ST3. 0ilter. Clic7 on a 4' fa)ily in t!e side panel to set a local filter. Ctrl_S!ift_dou%leAclic7 sets a fa)ily as lo%al filter 1see Usin 0a)ilies as 0ilters3. Colors. Usa%le 4's are colored %lac7. 4's &it! an inaccessi%le data source file are colored ray. 8f t!is !appens+ you !a(e eit!er )o(ed lin7ed docu)ents to a different location or !a(e rena)ed t!e). 8f you are usin )ana ed files+ t!is indicates t!at t!e docu)ent is not a(aila%le in t!e li%rary 1see GT!e 'ocu)ent Li%rariesG on pa e 1#<3. 4's t!at are a(aila%le %ut cannot %e loaded due to a consistency pro%le) are colored red. T!is indicates a pro%le) &it! editin for lin7ed docu)ents. Iou !a(e eit!er )odified t!e docu)ent outside of ATLAS.ti or !a(e lost or )isplaced t!e lo file t!at is created &!en editin a docu)ent inside of ATLAS.ti. 4's t!at can %e loaded+ %ut are loaded (ia t!e fall%ac7 pat!+ are s!o&n in a dar7 red color. T!e fall%ac7 pat! is eit!er t!e *U or t!e T,4AT*. T!is only applies to lin7ed docu)ents. See t!e ATLAS.ti ; )anual for furt!er detail on lin7ed docu)ents.
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0i ure 2<. 4' Mana er tool%ar
T!e 4' Mana er Tool%ar

T!e tool%ar is a con(enient alternati(e to selectin procedures (ia t!e )ain )enu. T!e difference is F&!ere applica%leA t!e selected option only !as an effect on t!e currently selected docu)ent. :!en selectin t!e sa)e option fro) t!e )ain )enu+ it is applied to all docu)ents. 0ro) left to ri !t. Add a ne& docu)ent to your pro@ect ?pen te6t pane for &ritin co))ents in a fullAfled ed te6t editor. ?pen a net&or7 (ie& on t!e selected pri)ary docu)ent. 'isconnect t!e pri)ary docu)ent. -arious -ie& options ?pen t!e 4ri)ary 'ocu)ent 0a)ily Mana er. Searc! t!e list of docu)ents *ide or s!o& t!e side panel
4' Mana er Colu)ns

T!e colu)ns of t!e 4' Mana erLs details (ie& offer a (ast a)ount of infor)ation to 7eep trac7 of possi%le access pro%le)s. T!e arran e)ent of colu)ns )ay differ fro) your current settin .
0i ure 2=. 4' Mana er Colu)ns
8d. T!e internal 8' nu)%er assi ned to t!e docu)ent &!en it &as first added as a 4'. An icon indicates t!e docu)ent type. Na)e. T!e na)e of t!e 4'. Note t!at t!is na)e can differ fro) t!e file na)e+ as 4's can %e rena)ed &it!in ATLAS.ti. Media. T!e )edia type. 2uotations. T!e nu)%er of Buotations created for t!is 4'. Location. T!e actual location of t!e data source file. T!is could %e My Li%rary+ Tea) Li%rary+ in *U if t!e docu)ent is e)%edded+ or t!e actual location of a lin7ed docu)ent if accessi%le. Aut!or. T!e na)e of t!e ATLAS.ti user &!o assi ned t!e docu)ent 0a)ilies. T!e docu)ent fa)ilies t!e docu)ent !as %een assi ned to. Created. T!e date t!e docu)ent &as assi ned to t!is *U.
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Modified. T!e date &!en t!e 4' &as last )odified+ i. e. t!e date of last usa e &it!in ATLAS.ti+ e. .+ a Buotation &as created or re)o(ed. T!e )odification date does not refer to t!e )odification of t!e data source file. Usa%le. \IesL indicates t!at a 4'Ls data source can %e loaded+ and \noL+ indicates t!at t!e data source is not accessi%le. ?ri in. T!e ori inal location of t!e 4'Ls data source fro) &!ere it &as assi ned to t!e *U.
2uotation Mana er
T!is Mana er offers you se(eral display and sortin options. A dou%leAclic7 on a Buotation loads its 4' 1unless already loaded3n and displays its content in conte6t. 8n t!is e6a)ple+ Buotation G11.2$H is selected and its co))ent is displayed in t!e te6t pane. Sin leAclic7 selects a Buotation. 8f you !a(e &ritten a co))ent for t!e selected Buotation+ it is displayed in t!e te6t pane.
0i ure 2;. 2uotation Mana er
Sin leAclic7 F pause F sin leAclic7 1or 023 acti(ates inAplace editin of Buotation na)es.
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'ou%leAclic7. A dou%leAclic7 on a list entry displays t!e selected Buotation in conte6t. Multiple Selection. Iou can select )ore t!an one Buotation at a ti)e+ eit!er to delete t!e)+ to attac! codes+ to open a net&or7 on t!e)+ or to create output. 'ra C 'rop. ,y dra create !yperlin7s. in one or )ore Buotations onto ot!er Buotations+ you
Colors. T!e color pattern for Buotations follo&s t!e sa)e rules as for 4's. 2uotations t!at can %e acti(ated and displayed are listed in %lac7. 2uotations fro) lin7ed 4's t!at are a(aila%le %ut cannot %e loaded due to an issue &it! editin are displayed in red. 2uotations fro) 4's &it! inaccessi%le data source files are displayed in ray 1see pa e <<3. 2uotations t!at can %e loaded+ %ut are loaded (ia t!e fall%ac7 pat!+ are s!o&n in a dar7 red color. T!is applies to lin7ed docu)ents only. See t!e ATLAS.ti ; )anual for furt!er detail on lin7ed docu)ents.
2uotation Mana er Tool%ar
0i ure 27. 2uotation Mana er tool%ar
0ro) left to ri !t. ?pen te6t pane for &ritin co))ents in a fullAfled ed te6t editor. ?pen a net&or7 (ie& on t!e selected Buotation. Mo(e for&ard to t!e ne6t Buotation 1or %ac7 to t!e last one3 Create t!e lin7 source for a !yperlin7 1G*yperte6tG+ pa e $=23 Create t!e tar et lin7 for a !yperlin7. 'elete selected Buotation1s3. -arious -ie& options Enter a searc! ter) into t!e searc! field if you are loo7in for particular Buotations.
2uotation Mana er Colu)ns
0i ure 2>. 2uotation Mana er colu)ns
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8d. T!e 8d co)%ines t!e 4'oc nu)%er and t!e Buotation seBuence nu)%er. T!e Buotation 8d $.1# )eans t!at t!e Buotation is part of t!e t!ird 1$.3 docu)ent+ and it is t!e 1#t! 1.1#3 Buotation t!at &as created in t!is docu)ent. 2uotations are nu)%ered in c!ronolo ical and not in seBuential order. A tilde si n 1`3 indicates t!at a co))ent &as &ritten for t!is Buotation9 t!e %rac7ets 1S or T3 indicate t!at t!e Buotation is a start anc!or or tar et for a !yperlin7. Na)e. T!e first $# c!aracters of a Buotation are used as t!e default list na)e. T!is na)e can %e c!an ed if desired. T!e default na)e of a rap!ic+ audio+ or (ideo Buotation is t!e na)e of t!e data file na)e. 4ri)ary 'ocu)ent. T!e na)e of t!e pri)ary docu)ent it %elon s to. Codes. T!e codes t!at !a(e %een applied to t!e Buotation. SiDe 1)edia type dependent3. Te6t Buotation. nu)%er of para rap!s Grap!ic Buotation. !ei !t in pi6el of t!e BuotationLs rectan le. Audio Buotation. )illiseconds -ideo Buotation. fra)es or ti)e 1see GError. Reference source not foundG+ pa e Error. Reference source not found3 Goo leEart! Buotation. 1 Start 1)edia type dependent3.
Te6t Buotation. para rap! nu)%er Grap!ic Buotation. upper left coordinate Audio Buotation. !.)).ss.)il 1!ours.)inutes.seconds. )illiseconds3 -ideo Buotation. start fra)e or ti)e as for audio Buotations Goo leEart! Buotation. Geo rap!ic reference
'ensity. Nu)%er of lin7s to ot!er Buotations. Aut!or. Na)e of user &!o created t!e ite). Created. Creation date and ti)e. Modified. 'ate and ti)e of last )odification.
Code Mana er
,esides t!e *U Editor+ t!e Code Mana er &ill pro%a%ly %e one of your )ost freBuently used tools.
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0i ure 2/. Code Mana er F -ie& options set to 'etails 5 'isplay 0reBuencies 5 S!o& Side 4anel
A dou%leAclic7 on a code displays t!e coded Buotation !i !li !ted in t!e conte6t of its 4'. 8f )ore t!an one Buotation is associated &it! t!is code+ a list pops up fro) &!ic! a Buotation can %e selected. T!e Code Mana er is freBuently used to create and )odify codes+ to code data se )ents (ia dra C drop+ and to retrie(e coded data se )ents. 8t can also %e used to sort your codes in )ultiple &ays in order to analyDe code %oo7 e(olution. Sin leAclic7. Selects a code. 8f you !a(e &ritten a definition for t!e selected code+ it is displayed in t!e te6t pane. ?nce selected+ t!e code can %e used for dra C drop codin . Sin leAclic7 F pause F sin leAclic7 1or 023 acti(ates inAplace editin of code na)es. 'ou%leAclic7. ?pens a list of Buotations t!at !a(e %een coded &it! t!is code. Multiple Selection. Iou can select )ore t!an one code at a ti)e to delete+ code a data se )ent &it! all of t!e selected codes+ open a net&or7+ create output+ assi n t!e) to one or )ore code fa)ilies+ or to create a code fa)ily containin t!e selected codes 1C?'ES 5 E'8T 0AM8LI3. 'ra C 'rop. Iou can use t!e Code Mana er as a con(enient tool for codin %y dra in codes onto a !i !li !ted piece of data. 8f you dra codes onto anot!er code &it!in t!e sa)e list pane+ codeAlin7s &ill %e created. Colors. Super Codes are displayed in red+ re ular codes in %lac7 unless you color t!e).
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0ilter. Clic7 on a code fa)ily in t!e side panel to set a local filter. Ctrl_S!ift_'ou%le clic7 sets a fa)ily as lo%al filter 1see GT!e Mana er Side 4anel G on pa e =23.
Code Mana er Tool%ar
0i ure $#. Code Mana er tool%ar
0ro) left to ri !t. Create a ne& code. ?pen te6t pane for &ritin co))ents in a fullAfled ed te6t editor. :!en dou%le clic7in a code+ a list of lin7ed Buotations is opened. Clic7 t!e for&ard and %ac7 %uttons to re(ie& t!e list. Select a color for one or )ore selected codes. Code t!e current selection &it! one or )ore selected codes. ?pen a net&or7 (ie& on t!e selected code. 'elete selected code1s3. Create output. -arious -ie& options. ?pen t!e Code 0a)ily Mana er. Enter a searc! ter) to searc! for particular codes.
Code Mana er Colu)ns
0i ure $1. Code Mana er Colu)ns
Na)e. Code na)e. Grounded. Code freBuency or K roundednessH 1i. e.+ t!e nu)%er of Buotations to &!ic! t!e code is applied3. 'ensity. Nu)%er of lin7s to ot!er codes. Created. Creation date and ti)e. Aut!or. User &!o created t!e code. Modified. 'ate and ti)e of last )odification. 0a)ilies. Na)e of code fa)ily if t!e code !as %een added to a fa)ily.
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Me)o Mana er
T!e Me)o Mana er lists t!e *ULs )e)os. Me)os created or )odified today are listed in %old font. T!e te6t pane displays t!e content of t!e selected )e)o.
0i ure $2. Me)o Mana er
Sin leAclic7 selects a )e)o. T!e content of t!e )e)o is displayed in t!e te6t pane. Sin leAclic7 F pause F sin leAclic7 1or 023 acti(ates inAplace editin of )e)o titles. 'ou%leAclic7 opens t!e )e)o editor. T!is %e!a(ior can %e c!an ed to acti(ate t!e Buotation associated &it! a )e)o (ia General 4references. Multiple Selection. Iou can select )ore t!an one )e)o at a ti)e for %ul7 deletion+ to attac! all selected )e)os to a data se )ent+ to open a net&or7 on t!e)+ to create output+ to assi n t!e) to one or )ore )e)o fa)ilies+ or to create a )e)o fa)ily containin t!e selected )e)os 1MEM?S 5 E'8T 0AM8LI3. 'ra C 'rop. Iou can attac! a )e)o to a data selection 1G)e)oin H3 %y dra in it into t!e 4' pane 1applies to te6t and i)a e data3. Colors. Me)os content resides in t!e *ULs file stora e until selected for t!e first ti)e. Me)os+ &!ic! are not yet loaded are displayed in ray. Me)os &!ic! &ere created or )odified today are displayed %old.
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Me)o Mana er Tool%ar
0i ure $$. Me)o Mana er tool%ar
0ro) left to ri !t. Create a ne& )e)o Too le. T!e &indo&s eit!er is display al&ays on top 1default3+ or is closed &!en you clic7 so)e&!ere else. ?pen te6t pane for &ritin t!e contents of a )e)o in a fullAfled ed te6t editor. ?pen a net&or7 (ie& on t!e selected )e)o. 'elete t!e )e)o. -arious -ie& options ?pen t!e Me)o 0a)ily Mana er.
Me)o Mana er Colu)ns
0i ure $<. Me)o Mana er Colu)ns
Na)e. Me)o title. Grounded. Nu)%er of Buotations to &!ic! a )e)o is connected. 'ensity. Nu)%er of codes and ot!er )e)os to &!ic! t!e )e)o is connected. SiDe. SiDe of content. Counts te6t c!aracters and e)%edded o%@ects. Aut!or. Na)e of t!e user &!o created t!e )e)o. Type. Me)o type selected for t!is )e)o. Created. Creation date and ti)e. Modified. 'ate and ti)e of last )odification. 0a)ilies. Na)e of )e)o fa)ily if t!e )e)o !as %een added to a fa)ily. 4's. 8ndicates &!et!er t!e )e)o is used as t!e data source for one or )ore 4's. A das! indicates t!at it is not used as a 4'.
T!e Mana er Side 4anel

T!e side panels in docu)ent+ code and )e)o )ana ers allo& )uc! )ore i))ediate access to funda)ental acti(ities li7e selectin fa)ilies+ creatin
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fa)ilies and super fa)ilies+ and settin local and lo%al filters. T!is allo&s a )uc! )ore effecti(e inte ration into t!e &or7 flo& and sa(es a lot of )ouse )o(e)ents and clic7s. Iou acti(ate or deacti(ate t!e side panel %y selectin . -8E: 5 S*?: S8'E 4ANEL+ or select clic7 on t!e side panel %utton in t!e tool %ar 1see left3
0i ure $=. Side panel in 4ri)ary 'ocu)ents Mana er
Creatin And 'eletin 0a)ilies

To create a ne& fa)ily+ select t!e ite)s t!at you &ant to include usin co))on :indo&s selectin tec!niBues 1eit!er %y !oldin do&n t!e CtrlA of S!ift 7ey3. 'ra and drop t!e selected ite)s to t!e side panel+ or ri !tAclic7 in t!e side panel area and select t!e option NE: 0R?M SELECTE' 8TEMS. Enter a na)e for t!e ne& fa)ily and clic7 o7. See t!e c!apter 0a)ily Life for furt!er infor)ation on &or7in &it! fa)ilies.
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0i ure $;. Creatin a ne& fa)ily in t!e side panel
To delete a fa)ily+ select it in t!e side panel+ ri !t clic7 and select t!e option 'ELETE 0AM8LI.
0i ure $7. Side panel conte6t )enu
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Rena)in A 0a)ily
0i ure $>. 8nAplace rena)in of o%@ects in side panels
Rena)in is possi%le (ia t!e inAplace )et!od. Select an entry in t!e side panel and clic7 left a ain. Enter a ne& na)e.
Side 4anel Conte6t Menu

Ri !tAclic7 to open t!e conte6t )enu of t!e side panel.
0i ure $/. Conte6t )enu of side panel
Ne& fro) selected ite)s. Select one or )ore codes in t!e Code Mana er+ t!en clic7 t!is option to create a ne& fa)ily. Anot!er option is to dra t!e selected codes in t!e side panel 1see 0i ure $;3. Set lo%al filter 5 Re)o(e lo%al filter. See GSettin a Local 0ilterG on pa e =; and GSettin a Glo%al 0ilterG on pa e =73. Create Super 0a)ily 5 C!an e operator. See GCreatin Super 0a)ilies as Glo%al 0iltersG on pa e =>. ?pen Net&or7 -ie&. Select a code fa)ily and clic7 t!is option to a open a net&or7 (ie& on t!is fa)ily. See G0a)ilies as NodesG on pa e $1=. 'elete 0a)ily. See GCreatin and 'eletin 0a)iliesG on pa e =$.
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Association ,et&een List 8te)s And 0a)ilies

8f you select an ite) t!at is part of a fa)ily+ t!e fa)ily icon is !i !li !ted. 8n 0i ure <# for instance t!e )e)o]idea )e)o is selected. As it is part of t!e )e)o fa)ily 8nstructions+ t!e icon of t!is fa)ily is !i !li !ted.
0i ure <#. Lin7 %et&een list ite)s and associated fa)ilies
Settin A Local 0ilter

8f you clic7 on a fa)ily in t!e side panel+ you acti(ate a local filter and t!e list to t!e ri !t only s!o&s t!e ite)s of t!e selected fa)ily. Note t!at t!e fa)ily is displayed in %old c!aracters.
0i ure <1. Use side panel to filter t!e list of pri)ary docu)ents
Clic7 on S*?: ALL ^. to (ie& t!e full lists of ite)s a ain.
Creatin A Local 0ilter Usin AN' And ?R

Iou can )a7e a selection co)%inin t!e )e)%ers of )ultiple fa)ilies (ia AN' or ?R. Iou can see &!ic! one is t!e currently acti(e operator at t!e %utton displayed at t!e top left of t!e list of fa)ilies. T!e default operator is ?R 1see 0i ure $= %elo&3.
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0i ure <2. AN' and ?R operators
To c!an e t!e operator+ you can eit!er clic7 on t!e %utton+ or ri !t clic7 inside t!e side panel and select t!e option C*ANGE ?4ERAT?R fro) t!e conte6t )enu. 8f you select )ultiple fa)ilies in t!e side panel and t!e ?R operator is acti(e+ all ite)s of all selected fa)ilies are s!o&n 1t!in7 plus3. 8f t!e AN' operator is acti(e+ only t!e co))on ite)s of t!e selected fa)ilies are s!o&n 1t!in7 intersection3.
Settin A Glo%al 0ilter

8f you &ant to set a fa)ily as lo%al filter+ t!us affectin t!e display of t!e selected ite)s in t!e entire *U+ ri !t clic7 on a fa)ily and select t!e )enu option SET GL?,AL 08LTER 1see 0i ure <$ %elo&39 or !old do&n t!e Ctrl_S!ift 7ey and dou%leAclic7 on a fa)ily.
0i ure <$. 'isplay of a lo%al filter settin
T!e fa)ily icon is replaced %y t!e filter icon+ t!e na)e of t!e fa)ily is s!o&n in red c!aracters and t!e effected lists s!o& a pale yello& %ac7 round color. To reset a lo%al filter+ ri !t clic7 t!e fa)ily ite) and select REM?-E GL?,AL 08LTER 1or Ctrl_S!ift dou%leAclic73. 8f you !a(e set )ultiple lo%al filters in )ore t!an one )ana er+ use t!e )ain )enu option T??LS 5 RESET ALL 08LTERS. To set a lo%al filter+ you can only select one fa)ily at a ti)e. 8f you &ant to set a co)%ination of fa)ilies as lo%al filters+ you need to create a super fa)ily first 1see Creatin Super 0a)ilies as Glo%al 0ilters3.
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Creatin Super 0a)ilies As Glo%al 0ilters

Iou can create super fa)ilies usin t!e operators AN' or ?R 1see also t!e section Super 0a)ilies3. 8f you select t!e ?R operator+ all ite)s of all selected fa)ilies are included in t!e ne& a super fa)ily 1plus3. 8f you select t!e AN' operator+ all co))on ite)s of t!e selected fa)ilies are included in t!e ne& super fa)ily 1intersection3. To create a ne& super fa)ily+ select t!e desired operator first. Clic7 on t!e operator %utton+ or ri !tAclic7 in t!e side panel and select C*ANGE ?4ERAT?R. Ne6t select t!e fa)ilies t!at you &ant to co)%ine. Ri !tAclic7 and select t!e option CREATE SU4ER 0AM8LI fro) t!e conte6t )enu 1or !old do&n t!e CtrlA7ey and clic7 on t!e operator %utton3.
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'ata 4reparation
Startin And Endin An ATLAS.ti Session

T!is section descri%es !o& to start and end an ATLAS.ti session+ !o& to create and sa(e a pro@ect 1a *er)eneutic Unit+ see pa e 1$3.
Startin ATLAS.ti
ATLAS.ti can %e started li7e )any ot!er :indo&s applications+ e. .+ (ia t!e :indo&s Start )enu or %y clic7in on pro@ects or pro ra) s!ortcuts. Select ATLAS.ti fro) t!e 4ro ra)s )enu. START ,UTT?N 5 4R?GRAMS 5 SC8ENT808C S?0T:ARE. 'ou%leAclic7 on t!e pro ra)Os s!ortcut on t!e des7top+ or on your tas7 %ar 1if you !a(e created one3.
0i ure <<. ATLAS.ti des7top s!ortcut
0i ure <=. Loadin a pri)ary docu)ent
8f you open ATLAS.ti for t!e first ti)e+ t!e :elco)e pro@ect opens. To load t!e &elco)e docu)ent+ clic7 on t!e dropAdo&n arro& in t!e 4A'ocs list field and select t!e 41. &elco)e.pn . T!e &elco)e docu)ent points out t!e )ost essential features of t!e pro ra) so as to !elp you et started.
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0i ure <;. :elco)e docu)ent
T!e :elco)e pro@ect is &riteAprotected+ i.e. you cannot )a7e )a7e c!an es to it+ and it is not )eant for you to use to add your )aterial. To start your your o&n 1first3 pro@ect+ you )ust create a ne& pro@ect. Select 4R?WECT 5 NE: *ERMENEUT8C UN8T fro) t!e )ain )enu to create a ne& ATLAS.ti pro@ect.
Lo
in 8n
,y default+ you are auto)atically lo ed in as GSuperH 1Super User3. ATLAS.ti associates t!e user currently lo ed in &it! all o%@ects 1li7e codes+ Buotations+ )e)os+ etc.3 created durin a session. 8f you 7eep t!e default settin s+ all o%@ects are \sta)pedL &it! t!e user na)e GSuper.H
Create your o&n user accountJ
Especially if you &or7 in a tea)+ &e reco))end t!at you create your o&n user account. T!is ensure t!at e(ery o%@ect 1Buotation+ code+ )e)o+ etc.3 is properly identified %y its aut!or and can e(en %e Bueried accordin ly. 0or detailed infor)ation+ see GUser Mana e)entG+ pa e 1<7.
Endin Iour ATLAS.ti Session

To close t!e session+ select 4R?WECT 5 CL?SE fro) t!e )ain )enu. 'onOt for et to sa(e your pro@ect %efore closin .
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Creatin + ?penin And Sa(in A *er)eneutic Unit

Creatin A *er)eneutic Unit
0or )ore detail on !o& to %est set up a pro@ect see GSettin Up a Ne& 4ro@ectH on pa e 1#/. :!en you start ATLAS.ti and a recently used *U is not loaded+ you &ill see GNe& *er)eneutic UnitH in t!e caption of t!e *U Editor. Iou can start &or7in ri !t a&ay on t!is ne& *U. Alternati(ely+ you can c!oose 4R?WECT 5 NE: *ERMENEUT8C UN8T to open a ne& *U. To i(e your *U a na)e+ sa(e it. C!oose 4R?WECT 5 SA-E or SA-E file dialo .
AS
fro) t!e )ain )enu+ &!ic! opens a standard
,ro&se to t!e desired folder &!ere you &ant to sa(e your *U file and enter a na)e for your *U. Clic7 SA-E. Ma7e it a !a%it to al&ays &rite a s!ort co))ent for any ne& *U. 'escri%e t!e pro@ectLs oals and intentions. Iou and your tea) )e)%ers &ill %enefit fro) !a(in t!is useful infor)ation a(aila%le at all ti)es A *U co))ents are displayed in *TML and EML output. *U co))ents are also displayed &!en re(ie&in file properties &it! :indo&s E6plorer. To &rite an *U co))ent+ clic7 on t!e co))ent %utton in t!e )ain tool%ar.
?penin A *er)eneutic Unit

To ?pen A *er)eneutic Unit Usin T!e Standard :indo&s 0ile 'ialo
0ro) t!e ATLAS.ti )ain )enu select 4ro@ect 5 ?4EN 1s!ortcut. CtrlA?3. T!e ?pen *er)eneutic Unit file dialo appears. T!e default folder for ATLAS.ti pro@ects is t!e KTe6t%an7K directory+ &!ic! is assu)ed to %e your )ain repository for *Us. ,ut you can store your pro@ect file &!ere e(er you &ant+ see GSettin Up a Ne& 4ro@ectG on pa e 1#/3. Select a *U and clic7 ?4EN.
To ?pen A Recently Used *er)eneutic Unit

?pen t!e 4R?WECT )enu. Select an *U fro) t!e list displayed at t!e %otto) of t!e 4ro@ect )enu.
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To ?pen T!e Most Recently Used *er)eneutic Unit At StartAup

:!en startin ATLAS.ti+ t!e last used *U can %e loaded auto)atically. T!is startAup )et!od can %e selected under T??LS 5 4RE0ERENCES 5 GENERAL 4RE0ERENCES+ ta%. *U E'8T?R. T!is is t!e default settin .
To ?pen A *er)eneutic Unit Usin 'ra C 'rop

Iou can dra files fro) t!e :indo&s E6plorer or t!e des7top. 0ro) t!e :indo&s E6plorer+ your des7top+ or any ot!er folder containin *U files+ dra an *U onto t!e *U EditorLs )ain pane or caption.
4rotectin T!e *U A ainst Concurrent Use 1*U .L?R 0ile3

T!e *U is also protected a ainst accidental concurrent editin .
:!en you open an *U+ a .lo7 file is created for t!is *U 1e. . My 4ro@ect.!pr;.lo73 to pre(ent concurrent editin of a *U. T!e .lo7 file is deleted &!en you close ATLAS.ti. So)eti)es it !appens t!at t!is file is not deleted 1eit!er in case of a syste) cras!+ or t!e user copied t!e pro@ect folder &!ile ATLAS.ti &as still open3. 8f you t!en open t!e *U t!e ne6t ti)e+ a )essa e pops up tellin you t!at t!e *U is currently in use %y so)eone and can conseBuently only %e opened in readAonly )ode. 8f you are sure you are t!e only person usin t!is *U and you !a(e not already loaded it in anot!er &indo&+ you can treat t!is )essa e as a Gfalse alar)H and delete t!e .lo7 file for t!e *U in t!e :indo&s file )ana er.
Sa(in A *er)eneutic Unit

8f you !a(enLt sa(ed your &or7 already+ you &ill %e as7ed to sa(e t!e *U &!en you close t!e *U Editor. 8f you lea(e ATLAS.ti &it!out sa(in + your &or7 of t!e last session is lost. To sa(e t!e currently open *U+ select 4R?WECT 5 SA-E 1AS3 fro) t!e )ain )enu. T!e file dialo opens. Select a folder and enter a na)e for your *U. Clic7 on t!e Sa(e %utton. T!e e6tension .*4R7 is auto)atically appended to t!e file na)e.
T!e *er)eneutic Unit file does not contain your docu)entsJ 8f you &ant to sa(e your entire pro@ect+ you need to create a copy %undle file. See G*o& to Create A Copy ,undle 0ileG on pa e 1$1. T!e copy %undle file contains your *U file _ all data sources.
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4endin C!an es
4endin c!an es are c!an es in open )e)o or co))ent te6t editors 1unless you !a(e sa(ed t!e te6t3 and in net&or7 editors &it! )odified layout t!at !as not yet %een sa(ed. 8f you are currently editin a 4'Ls data source+ t!is &ould also count as a pendin c!an e. 8f any pendin c!an es are detected &!en you are a%out to close or sa(e t!e *U+ you &ill %e offered t!e c!oice to accept or discard suc! c!an es. ,y acceptin t!e c!an es+ t!ey %eco)e part of t!e *U and are t!en sa(ed to dis7 alon &it! all ot!er c!an es in t!e *U. T!e e6tended dialo %elo& lists all pendin c!an es and allo&s control o(er &!ic! pendin c!an es are to %e co))itted.
0i ure <7. Lists all o%@ects &it! pendin c!an es
,efore ta7in any furt!er action you can inspect any pendin c!an es in t!eir respecti(e editors si)ply %y dou%leAclic7in an ite) in t!e list.
4reparin 4ri)ary 'ocu)ents

4ri)ary 'ocu)ents 14's3 play a )a@or role in ATLAS.tiLs fra)e&or7. T!ey are t!e interface %et&een a *er)eneutic Unit 1*U3 and t!e data. T!ey pro(ide access to data sources+ &!ic! are usually files stored on t!e dis7s of your co)puter or a net&or7 dri(e. T!is c!apter outlines t!e steps needed to create+ select+ and prepare docu)ents so t!at t!ey &ill %e suita%le to use in ATLAS.ti.
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Supported 0or)ats
8n principle+ )ost te6tual+ rap!ical+ and )ulti)edia for)ats are supported %y ATLAS.ti. 0or so)e for)ats+ t!eir suita%ility depends on t!e state of your :indo&s syste)+ particularly in re ard to &!at ot!er soft&are is already installed. ,efore decidin to use an e6otic data for)at+ you s!ould c!ec7 if t!is for)at is a(aila%le and if it is sufficiently supported %y your :indo&s syste). 0or a list of for)ats t!at are currently supported as pri)ary docu)ents c!oose '?CUMENTS 5 NE: 5 A'' '?CUMENTS ... fro) t!e )ain )enu and clic7 t!e 0ile Type dropAdo&n list t!at appears at t!e %otto) left of t!e &indo& 1see G 'ocu)ents (ia t!e 0ile 'ialo H on pa e 723. ?nly t!e for)ats listed in t!e dropAdo&n list are supported %y ATLAS.ti. To ensure t!at files are co)pati%le &it! your syste)+ assi n a fe& of your docu)ents as 4's. T!ey s!ould loaded and display 1or play+ &!en t!e source is )ulti)edia3 correctly. See also t!e sections %elo& on G4reparin Te6tual 'ocu)entsG+ G4reparin 4'0 filesG+ G4reparin Grap!ical 'ocu)entsG+ 4reparin AudioA and -ideo 'ocu)entsG and G4reparin Goo le Eart! 'ocu)entsG. 0iles t!at )i !t pro(e pro%le)atic are )ulti)edia files usin e6otic GcodecsH 1soft&are t!at ena%les playin of a certain )ulti)edia file for)at on your co)puter3 and files t!at rely on RT0 con(erters li7e doc and doc6 files. *o&e(er+ ATLAS.ti does pro(ide a file Buality c!ec7 &!en addin docu)ent to a pro@ect 1see G0ile 2uality C!ec7G on pa e 7<3.
Lan ua e Settin s
ATLAS.ti can !andle docu)ents in pretty )uc! ANI lan ua e and c!aracter set+ alt!ou ! t!e pro ra) interface is+ of course+ in En lis! only.
ReBuire)ents
A first reBuire)ent is t!at lan ua eAspecific fonts are installed on t!e co)puter. 8f you use special re ional lan ua es+ t!is )i !t reBuire t!at you install an appropriate lan ua e pac7 on your co)puter. Ne6t+ )a7e sure t!at t!e correct lan ua e is set in t!e Lan ua e ta% at t!e %otto) ri !t of t!e ATLAS.ti &indo&. 8t is set to 'efault if not!in else is selected.
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0i ure <>. ,osnian 1Cyrillic3 is selected as lan ua e in t!is case
After you !a(e selected a specific lan ua e t!at is not t!e default lan ua e on your co)puter+ a t&o letter a%%re(iation is displayed in t!e lan ua e ta%.
User 8nterface Lan ua e

T!e user interface lan ua e can %e set under T??LS 5 4RE0ERENCES. See GTo Set T!e User 8nterface Lan ua eG on pa e <=<.
0ont Settin s
8f c!aracters are not displayed properly in all &indo&s and lists+ you )ay need to ad@ust t!e font settin s. Select T??LS 5 4RE0ERENCES 5 GENERAL 4RE0ERENCES and t!en t!e 0ont ta%. 8n order to reduce t!e list of displayed fonts+ select only t!ose t!at are co)pati%le &it! t!e lan ua e you are usin .
0i ure </. Selectin lan ua e co)pati%le fonts
Select one or )ore or all o%@ect types for &!ic! you &ant to c!an e t!e font. Select a font and appearance 1%old+ italic3 for t!ese o%@ect types. 8f you !a(e pro@ects in different lan ua es+ you can specify different font t!e)es 1see top of ta%3.
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0i ure =#. Creatin ne& font t!e)es
8n-i(o Code Settin s

0irst c!ec7 &!et!er t!e appropriate lan ua e is set in t!e lan ua e ta% 1see a%o(e3. T!en select T??LS 5 4RE0ERENCES 5 GENERAL 4RE0ERENCES and t!en t!e TEET E'8T?R ta%. Select t!e desired lan ua e.
0i ure =1. Lan ua e settin for 8n-i(o codin
Syste) Settin s 0or T!ai And Asian Lan ua e Support ?n :estern European And US :indo&s Syste)s
8n case you are &or7in &it! T!ai and Asian lan ua es on nonAAsian syste)s suc! as U.S. or :estern European :indo&s+ t!e appropriate lan ua e pac7 needs to %e installed on your co)puter. Lo in to your co)puter &it! full ad)inistrati(e ri !ts. Select START 5 C?NTR?L 4ANELS 5 REG8?NAL
AN'
LANGUAGE ?4T8?NS.
Select t!e Lan ua es ta% and t!en t!e option to install t!e lan ua e files t!at you need. Under t!e Ad(ance ta%+ select t!e lan ua e in t!e field KLan ua e for nonA Unicode pro ra)sH.
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SiDe Restrictions
T!eoretically+ siDe restrictions do not play a )a@or role due to t!e &ay ATLAS.ti !andles docu)ents. *o&e(er+ you s!ould %ear in )ind t!at your co)puterOs processin speed and stora e capacity affect t!e perfor)ance. E6cessi(ely lar e docu)ents can %e unco)forta%le to &or7 &it!+ e(en &!en you !a(e an e6cellently eBuipped co)puter. T!e crucial issue is not al&ays t!e file siDe+ %ut rat!er+ in t!e case of )ulti)edia files+ t!e len t! of playin ti)e. 0or te6tual docu)ents+ t!e nu)%er and siDe of e)%edded o%@ects )ay cause e6traordinarily lon load ti)es. T!ere is a !i ! li7eli!ood t!at if a te6tual docu)ent loads slo&ly in ATLAS.ti+ it &ould also load slo&ly in :?R' or :ord4ad.
Ma7e your data sources as s)all as possi%le %ut as lar e as necessary.
0or (ery lon te6ts or )ulti)edia files+ na(i ation can %e se(erely !andicapped+ e. .+ scrollin to e6act positions. :e reco))end )a7in data sources as s)all as possi%le %ut as lar e as necessary &it!out %rea7in passa es t!at %elon to et!er. E(en &it! )any s)aller docu)ents+ ATLAS.ti supports unified processin and fast na(i ation.
4reparin Te6tual 'ocu)ents

Supported 0or)ats
ATLAS.ti principally !andles docu)ents in plain and Ric! Te6t 0or)at 1RT03.
MS :ord .doc And .doc6 0iles

0or your con(enience &e also support t!e inclusion of docu)ents t!at are not RT0. ATLAS.ti con(erts t!ese docu)ents for you and Aif you &or7 &it! )ana ed docu)entsA stores t!e RT0 (ersion in t!e li%rary. T!us+ con(ersion ta7es only place one ti)e. ATLAS.ti uses con(erters installed on your syste) 1as part of t!e %asic :indo&s or ?ffice installation3. 8n case ATLAS.ti infor)s you t!at it cannot add a doc or doc6 file to your pro@ect+ you need to do&nload t!e latest co)pati%ility pac7 fro) t!e Microsoft &e%site and install it. 8t is a(aila%le free of c!ar e.
Ric! Te6t
Ric! Te6t supports c!aracterA and para rap!Arelated for)attin . 'ata fro) ot!er applications can %e e)%edded
RT0 1Ric! Te6t 0or)at3 is a proprietary te6t data for)at de(eloped and propa ated %y Microsoft+ and intended as an industry standard for e6c!an in docu)ents %et&een different applications. 8t supports suc! e6tensions as c!aracter for)attin 1%old+ italic+ color+ etc.3 &it! different fonts and siDes+ para rap! for)attin 1%ullets+ indentation+ ali n)ent+ etc.3+ e)%edded o%@ects 1 rap!ics+ ta%les+ (ideo+ etc3. and )ore. All te6tual docu)ents are displayed on t!e %asis of Ric! Te6t &it!in ATLAS.ti. Sa(in docu)ents as ric! te6t is a standard feature t!at can %e found in )ost &ord processin pro ra)s. 8n :ord+ for instance+ t!is is an option t!at can %e selected in t!e data type field &!en sa(in docu)ents under a different na)e 1KSa(e asK3. :e reco))end storin docu)ents as Gric! te6tH ri !t a&ay e(en if t!ey are currently Gplain te6tH and do not contain any for)attin .
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4lain Te6t
?f course+ plain 1not for)atted3 te6t docu)ents can al&ays %e used+ includin docu)ents usin Unicode. 8n t!e course of editin plain te6t docu)ents &it!in ATLAS.ti+ t!ey can %e Genric!edH and sa(ed &it! all added for)attin .
4reparin 4'0 0iles

8n eneral it is useful to !a(e an understandin &!at 4'0 isMand &!at it is not. :!en 4'0 &as in(ented+ it &as ne(er )eant to %e a te6t for)at. 8ts oal &as to preser(e t!e sa)e layout for onscreen display and in print. T!us+ 4'0 is perfect if you need t!e ori inal layout. :!en preparin 4'0s+ you need to pay attention t!at you prepare a te6t 4'0 file and not a rap!ic 4'0. 8f you do t!e latter+ t!en ATLAS.ti treats it as a rap!ic file and you cannot searc! it or retrie(e te6t. :!en scannin a te6t fro) paper+ you need to use c!aracter reco nition soft&are 1?CR+ freBuently pro(ided &it! your scanner3 in order to create a te6t 4'0 file. Anot!er issue t!at needs to %e pointed out is t!at you can retrie(e te6t+ e. . fro) a coded se )ent+ %ut t!e output &ill %e in ric! te6t. T!us+ you )ay loose t!e ori inal layout. T!is is due to t!e nature of 4'0 as )entioned a%o(e. 8t is a layout for)at and not really )eant for te6t processin .
0ile Con(erter Ser(ice

0ile Con(ert Ser(ice offers a con(enient &ay to %atc! con(erts :ord docu)ent to 4'0 files and :ord '?C1E3 files to rtf files.
0i ure =2. 0ile Con(ert Ser(ice
To use t!is ser(ice+ select '?CUMENTS 5 'ATA S?URCE MANAGEMENT 5 08LE C?N-ERT SER-8CE. T!e 0ile E6plorer opens. Select for instance a fe& '?C files t!at you &ant to con(ert and clic7 ?4EN.
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ATLAS.ti con(erts t!e files for you. T!e con(erted (ersions+ e. . t!e RT0 files+ &ill %e stored in t!e sa)e folder as t!e '?C files t!at &ere con(erted.
4reparin Grap!ical 'ocu)ents

Supported 0or)ats
More t!an t&enty rap!ic file for)ats are accepted %y ATLAS.ti as (alid data sources for 4's+ includin ,M4+ W4EG+ and T800. Scanners often produce T800 and di ital ca)eras usually create W4EG i)a es. Multipa e T800 files are also supported. T!ey need to prepared in an i)a e editin soft&are t!at supports suc! an option.
SiDe Reco))endations
'i ital ca)eras and scanners often create i)a es &it! a resolution t!at si nificantly e6ceeds t!e screenLs resolution. :!en preparin a rap!ic file for use &it! ATLAS.ti+ use i)a eAprocessin soft&are to reduce t!e siDe so t!at t!e rap!ics are co)forta%ly displayed on your co)puterLs screen. 8f an i)a e does not fit into t!e pri)ary pane+ you )ay need to use t!e Doo) function a(aila%le (ia t!e )ouse &!eel or t!e Doo) %utton &!en displayin t!e i)a e usin ATLAS.ti.
4reparin AudioA And -ideo 'ocu)ents

Supported 0or)ats
ATLAS.tiLs )ulti)edia capa%ilities are %uilt upon directE tec!nolo y. ,ot! MC8 and 'irectS!o& are a(aila%le to use (irtually all files t!at can %e played on your co)puter. :!ile dri(ers for A-8 and :A- files are installed in any %asic :indo&s syste)+ for)ats li7e M?-+ 2T+ AU+ SN'+ M4G+ M<A+ M<- and M4$ )ay reBuire a dedicated dri(er. C!ec7 t!e Multi)edia section in *EL4 5 TEC* SU44?RT 8N0? 5 SISTEM RE4?RT for a co)plete list of supported )edia types. 8n case you !a(e pro%le)s playin a (ideo file+ t!e li7ely cause is a )issin codec. Codec is an artificial %lend of t&o &ords+ coder and decoder. T!us+ a codec is capa%le of encodin and5or decodin a di ital data strea) or si nal. :!en creatin a (ideo file+ a certain codec is used to encode it9 &!en you &ant to play it+ you need t!e sa)e codec to decode it. ,ut if t!is codec is not a(aila%le on your co)puter+ t!e file cannot %e played. T!e solution is to o online and to searc! for a codec pac7a e. T!ey are a(aila%le in a nu)%er of lan ua es and are usually a(aila%le free of c!ar e. 'etailed instructions for preparin (ideo files for use in ATLAS.ti are a(aila%le fro) !ttp.55&&&.atlasti.co)5uploads5)edia5(ideoPfor)ats.pdf
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4reparin Goo le Eart! 'ocu)ents

E(en &it! a nonAstandard data source as t!e K:orldK 1as seen t!rou ! Goo le Eart!3 &e still re)ain &it!in t!e 4ri)ary 'ocu)ent )etap!or. T!us+ t!ere is only ?NE data source &orld&ide+ and all Goo le Eart! 4's created in any *U all refer to t!e sa)e data source located at t!e Goo le ser(ers. *o&e(er+ you can also use )ore t!an one Goo le Eart! 4' 1e(en if t!ere is only &orld...3 in order to create distinct sets of locations+ to si)ulate tours+ to si)ply tell different stories. T!e prereBuisite for use of t!e features descri%ed in t!is section is t!at Goo le Eart! is installed on your co)puter. See !ttp.55eart!. oo le.co)5 1or your respecti(e lan ua e &e%site3 for )ore detail.
RMV And RML 'ocu)ents

RMV files are Dipped RML 1Rey!ole Mar7up Lan ua e3 files+ &!ic! &ill start Goo le Eart! and fly you to a specified location. RML+ or Rey!ole Mar7up Lan ua e+ is an EML ra))ar and file for)at for )odelin and storin eo rap!ic features suc! as points+ lines+ i)a es+ poly ons+ and )odels for display in Goo le Eart! and Goo le Maps. RML is used to s!are places and infor)ation &it! ot!er users of Goo le Eart! and Goo le Maps 1and no& ATLAS.ti3. Iou can find )any RML files t!at descri%e interestin features and places ?n t!e Goo le Eart! Co))unity site.
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Addin 'ocu)ents To A 4ro@ect

:!en you add a docu)ent to your pro@ect+ a ne& 4ri)ary 'ocu)ent+ &!ic! is an ATLAS.ti internal o%@ect+ is created+ e. .+ 1G4 1H3 and t!e Gdata sourceH 1e. .+ file te6tP1.rtf3 is associated &it! t!is 4' at t!e sa)e ti)e. E6ceptions are e)%edded docu)ents. T!e content of e)%edded docu)ents is stored &it! t!e *U file. T!is is t!e case &!en you create a ne& te6t docu)ent 1see GAddin e)%edded docu)ents 1Te6t files only3G on pa e 7;3+ &!en you i)port f< or f= transcripts 1see 8)portin Associated 'ocu)ents Transcri%ed else&!ere3 and &!en i)portin sur(ey data 1see 8)portin Sur(ey 'ata 3. More t!an one data source can %e added as a 4' at t!e sa)e ti)e 1e. .+ %y selectin )ultiple files in t!e file dialo 3+ %ut t!ere is no need to add all docu)ents at one ti)e. Iou can add )ore files durin t!e course of t!e analytical process. ,ul7Aadded files are listed in alp!a%etically order. 0or e(ery 4' created durin assi n)ent+ an 8' is created consistin of a prefi6 G4H and a consecuti(e nu)%er. 8n addition+ t!e na)e of t!e data source 1file na)e3 is appended to t!e 8'. T!is na)e can %e c!an ed later for display purposes. T!is Gone source A )ultiple 4'sH principle is not restricted to one *U. A data source can %e added as a 4' 1or )any 4's3 in )ore t!an one *U. Eac! 4'+ !o&e(er+ refers to e6actly one data source. T!us+ if you plan to analyDe a sin le docu)ent source fro) se(eral different perspecti(es+ t!ere is no need to create p!ysical copies of t!e docu)ent and add eac! of t!e copies as a 4' to t!e *U. A sin le data source can %e added )ore t!an once+ &!ic! creates as )any 4's+ eac! &it! its o&n nu)%er and 8'+ %ut t!ey all refer to t!e sa)e data source.
:!at *appens ,e!ind T!e Scene 8f Iou Add 'ocu)ents To A 4ro@ect

Up until ATLAS.ti 7+ docu)ents &ere assi ned to a pro@ect and lin7ed to t!e *U. 0reBuently+ users &ere not a&are t!at t!ey &ere &or7in &it! lin7ed docu)ents and t!ey did not pay attention to t!e dependencies t!is created %et&een t!e docu)ents and t!e ATLAS.ti *U. T!is )eant docu)ents could not %e )o(ed to different locations or rena)ed &it!out Gnotifyin H t!e ATLAS.ti *U a%out it. T!ere !a(e al&ays e6isted solutions to t!e pro%le) li7e t!e oneAfolder setup 1*U4AT*3. *o&e(er+ if users ended up in a situation &!ere t!ey could no lon er load t!eir docu)ents+ it caused )o)ents of irritation 1G!a(e 8 lost all of )y codin no&UH3+ )any !ours of support ti)e e6plainin users t!e principles of lin7ed docu)ents and &!y it actually )a7es a lot of sense to N?T i)port all )aterials. 0or one+ t!e *U file re)ained e6tre)ely s)all+ and t!at in turn+ lets t!e pro ra) perfor) s)oot!ly e(en if you &or7 &it! !undreds or e(en t!ousands of files and5or &it! !u e docu)ents suc! (ideo files.
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,ut e(en if t!is )a7es a lot of sense fro) a tec!nical point of (ie&+ &or7in &it! lin7ed docu)ents can %e pro%le)atic for so)e users+ especially &!en t!ey are not a&are of t!is structure.
Mana ed 'ocu)ents
So ATLAS.ti 7 introduces a po&erful ne& solution to )a7e data and pro@ect )ana e)ent easier. T!e solution is called )ana ed docu)ents and it co)%ines t!e %est of %ot! &orlds no&. *o& does t!is &or7U 8f you add 1rat!er t!an assi n3 docu)ents to a pro@ect+ ATLAS.ti )a7es a copy of t!e docu)ents 1t!e data sources3 and puts t!e) into a li%rary. T!e li%rary is a special file repository. :!en you install ATLAS.ti+ t!e needed folders for t!e t&o a(aila%le li%raries are created auto)atically. T!e li%rary locations are a &or7space for ATLAS.ti and you do not !a(e to concern yourself &it! t!e). Iou can+ !o&e(er+ c!an e t!e location of t!e li%rary if you &ant to. T!is for e6a)ple is rele(ant for tea) pro@ects &!ere docu)ents are stored at a s!ared location 1see GSettin up Tea) 4ro@ectsG on pa e 11#3. T&o predefined li%raries are a(aila%le to you+ a pri(ate li%rary for sin le user pro@ects and a tea) li%rary for tea) pro@ects 1see GT!e 'ocu)ent Li%rariesG on pa e 1#< for furt!er detail3. ?nce you !a(e added docu)ents to eit!er t!e pri(ate or t!e tea) li%rary+ ATLAS.ti &ill not need t!e ori inal source docu)ents any)ore.
UniBue 0in erprints 0or 'ocu)ents

'urin t!e process of i)portin docu)ents into t!e li%rary+ eac! docu)ent is pro(ided &it! a uniBue fin erprint. 8n (ersion ;+ t!e order of t!e docu)ents 141+ 42+ 4$+ ^.3 still )attered &!en )er in pro@ects. T!is does no lon er apply due to t!e ne& &ay of identifyin docu)ents in ATLAS.ti 7.
Tea) pro@ects. 8n order to ensure t!at identical docu)ents in fact et t!e sa)e fin erprint+ t!e pro@ect ad)inistrator )ust create a Master *U first+ add docu)ents to it and t!en distri%ute a copy %undle file to all tea) )e)%ers. 8f a s!ared location is used as li%rary+ t!en it is sufficient to distri%ute t!e Master *U file. See GTea) 4ro@ects Usin a S!ared LocationG on pa e 11=.
8n usersO e(eryday &or7+ &e realiDe t!at t!is ne& &ay of identifyin pri)ary docu)ents (ia fin erprints is eit!er not 7no&n or t!e effect !as not %een fully understood. 8n case you end up &it! t&o pri)ary docu)ents after )er in *Us t!at !o&e(er contain t!e sa)e content+ please read t!e follo&in GTrou%leAs!ootin after )er in G on pa e 1;$.
Addin 'ocu)ents -ia T!e 0ile 'ialo

To add files. 0ro) t!e 'ocu)ents or 4ro@ect )ain )enu+ c!oose NE: 5 A'' '?CUMENTS..... ?r clic7 on t!e file loaded %utton in t!e )ain tool %ar. 0or sin le user
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pro@ects select Add 'ocu)ents 1My Li%rary39 for tea) pro@ects select Add 'ocu)ents 1Tea) Li%rary3. 8f docu)ents already e6ist in t!e li%rary select Add fro) Li%rary. ,y default+ all file types t!at are per)itted to %e assi ned as 4's are offered. ,y selectin fro) t!e filter dropAdo&n+ you can restrict t!e type of docu)ents. ,ro&se and select one or )ore data source files to %e added to t!e *U and clic7 t!e ?pen %utton. T!e selected files are added as 4ri)ary 'ocu)ents and t!e data sources are i)ported into t!e li%rary. ATLAS.ti re)e)%ers &!ic! li%rary you !a(e c!osen &!en addin docu)ents to a ne& *U. 8f you add furt!er docu)ents+ t!ese &ill %e i)ported into t!e sa)e li%rary. 8f you !a(e c!osen t!e tea) li%rary+ t!e *U &ill %e )ar7ed as a tea) *U.
0i ure =$. Iour pro@ect %eco)es a Tea) *U if you add docu)ents to t!e tea) li%rary
Addin 'ocu)ents Usin 'ra C 'rop

Addin docu)ents (ia 'ra C 'rop )ay %e )ore con(enient &!en you !a(e different %ro&sers opened on different folders. ?pen :indo&s 0ile E6plorer. 1e. .+ %y selectin T??LS 5 EE4L?RER fro) t!e )ain )enu3 Select t!e folder fro) &!ere you &ant to add files. Select one or )ore files. 'ra t!e selected files onto t!e *U Editor. Iou &ill t!en %e as7ed &!et!er t!e files s!ould %e added to My Li%rary or t!e Tea) Li%rary 1see 0i ure =<3.
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0i ure =<. Select a location &!en addin docu)ents (ia dra C drop
Co)plete folders can %e assi ned in one step
Iou )ay also dra C drop su% folders. T!is essentially add all files stored in t!e su% folders and any su% folders %elo&. 'ocu)ents not co)pati%le &it! ATLAS.ti are re@ected. Iou can i)a ine t!at t!is operation can assi n an une6pected nu)%er of files to your *U. Ma7e sure you 7no& &!at is in t!e folders. Iou can dra ar%itrary files 1as opposed to t!e standard tec!niBue t!at filters t!e files offered3. ATLAS.ti !o&e(er detects inco)pati%le file for)ats durin t!e Buality c!ec7 1see pa e 7<3.
Addin 'ocu)ents ,y 'ra
in A Lin7
Add docu)ents %y dra in a lin7 directly fro) your &e% %ro&ser into t!e 4' list field or 4' Mana er &indo&. 8f t!e *U does not contain docu)ents yet+ you &ill %e as7ed &!ic! li%rary you &ant to use 1see 0i ure =< a%o(e3.
0ile 2uality C!ec7

'urin t!e i)port process+ a Buality c!ec7 ta7es place. 8f you add lar eAsiDed files+ you &ill %e as7ed &!et!er you &ant to 7eep t!ese docu)ents lin7ed rat!er t!an to i)port t!e). 8f your audio files &ere created &it! a (aria%le %it rate 1-,R3+ ATLAS.ti offers to con(ert t!e) into files &it! a constant %it rate instead. Unless you !a(e (ery ood reasons a ainst it+ you s!ould al&ays allo& con(ersion9 t!is increases t!e precision of Buotations. -,R files can %e!a(e (ery poorly &!en it co)es to playin t!e e6act clips t!at &ere captured as Buotations.
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0i ure ==. 0ile Buality c!ec7 durin i)port
8f you add a nonAco)pati%le for)at 1li7e an ?pen ?ffice docu)ent3+ you &ill also %e infor)ed.
0i ure =;. 0ile Buality c!ec7. Addin nonAco)pati%le file for)ats
8f t!e docu)ent only contains plain te6t+ you can c!oose to i)port it as te6t docu)ent.
Addin Multi)edia 'ocu)ents

Iou can add audio and (ideo files usin t!e )et!ods descri%ed a%o(e. As t!e data sources are copied &!en t!ey are i)ported into t!e li%rary+ you )ay &ant to consider to add lar e (ideo files as e6ternal docu)ents. T!e file Buality c!ec7 &ill alert you if t!is is t!e case 1 1see G0ile 2uality C!ec7G on pa e 7<3. :!en addin a (ideo file+ pre(ie& i)a es are created and displayed on t!e ri !tA!and side of t!e (ideo. T!e siDe of t!e pre(ie& i)a es is up to =# 6 =# pi6els. To create t!ese i)a es+ one fra)e per second is selected. 'ependin on t!e len t! of t!e (ideo+ t!is )ay ta7e a fe& seconds or up to a fe& )inutes. Iou can already start &or7in on t!e file. Iou donOt need to &ait for all i)a es to %e created. Ne6t to t!e pre(ie& i)a es you see t!e audio &a(e for) 1see also 0i ure ;73.
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Addin E)%edded 'ocu)ents 1Te6t 0iles ?nly3

E)%edded docu)ents are stored &it! t!e *U file. T!us+ t!e data sources are neit!er lin7ed as e6ternal files nor is a copy stored in t!e li%rary. A pro@ect solely consistin of e)%edded docu)ents is suita%le for s)aller studies &it! up to appro6i)ately 1## docu)ents. 8t !o&e(er al&ays depends on t!e siDe of t!e docu)ents. T!is approac! is also a ood option for &or7in &it! sensiti(e data )aterial. :!en sa(in t!e *U+ t!e data )aterial is !i !ly co)pressed and t!erefore unreada%le outside ATLAS.ti. 8n addition+ t!e *U can %e pass&ordAprotected. T!is s!ould )a7e unaut!oriDed access reasona%ly difficult. E)%edded docu)ents are also used. &!en &or7in &it! associated docu)ents or &!en i)portin f< 5 f= transcripts 1see pa e >>ff3 &!en i)portin sur(ey data 1see pa e /7ff3 &!en usin )e)os as 4's 1see pa e 773.
*o& To Create A Ne& E)%edded 'ocu)ent

Iou enerate a ne& e)pty te6t docu)ent &it!in ATLAS.ti and t!en you copy and paste t!e contents t!at you &ant to analyDe into it. ?pen ATLAS.ti and select t!e )ain )enu option '?CUMENTS 5 NE: 5 NE: TEET '?CUMENT. Enter a na)e for t!e docu)ent into t!e &indo& t!at opens. T!e docu)ent is loaded in edit )ode. Copy t!e te6t you &ant to analyDe and paste it into t!e pri)ary docu)ent. 4rotect t!e docu)ent %y Buittin edit )ode. Iou &ill find t!e edit )ode %utton in t!e )ain tool%ar to&ards t!e ri !t !and side. Clic7 on t!e pen and select t!e option SA-E AN' LEA-E E'8T M?'E. 4roceed in t!e sa)e &ay &it! all ot!er docu)ents t!at you &ant to analyDe. Sa(e t!e *U file.
Ma7e sure t!at you al&ays create a %ac7up copy of t!is file and store it at a safe locationJ
Addin A Goo le Eart! 'ocu)ent

To create a ne& GE 4'+
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0ro) t!e 'ocu)ents or 4ro@ect )ain )enu+ c!oose NE: 5 NE: G??GLE EART* 4'. ?r clic7 on t!e file loaded %utton in t!e )ain tool %ar. ATLAS.ti starts t!e application Goo le Eart! for you and displays t!e Goo le Eart! &indo& &it!in t!e ATLAS.ti editor. 'ependin on t!e speed of your internet connection t!is )ay ta7e a fe& seconds.
Create And Addin A Goo le Eart! Snaps!ot

Iou can create a snaps!ot fro) t!e eo rap!ic re ion t!at is currently s!o&n on your screen &it!in t!e *U editor. T!is snaps!ot is auto)atically add as pri)ary docu)ent. 0ro) t!e 'ocu)ents or 4ro@ect )ain )enu+ c!oose NE: 5 NE: G??GLE EART* SNA*4S*?T 4'. ?r clic7 on t!e file loaded %utton in t!e )ain tool %ar. T!en c!ec7 your list of pri)ary docu)ents. T!e ne& GE snaps!ot !as %een added at t!e end of 4' list and can no& %e loaded and treated li7e an i)a e docu)ent.
Addin Me)os As 4ri)ary 'ocu)ents

Iou can also use )e)os as 4's. T!ey &ill %e turned into e)%edded docu)ents 1see GAddin e)%edded docu)ents 1Te6t files only3G3. T!is allo&s you for e6a)ple to apply codes to your analytic notes on t!e data. Select a )e)o in t!e Me)o Mana er. Select t!e )enu option M8SCELLANE?US 5 USE AS 4R8MARI '?C. T Iou find )ore detail on t!e )e)o function on pa e 2<$.
Rearran in And Renu)%erin 4's

T!e 8d of a 4' deter)ines its position in t!e list of 4's &!en in default sort order 1%y na)e3. To rearran e 4's 1to c!an e t!eir 8ds3+ use one of t!e follo&in options. Rearran e a selected 4' only. Rearran e one or )ore 4's usin dra C drop. Renu)%er all 4's to )a7e t!e current sort per)anent &!ile eli)inatin aps in t!e nu)%erin at t!e sa)e ti)e. ?f course+ all Buotations %elon in to a repositioned 4' are ta7en alon .
Rearran in A Selected 4ri)ary 'ocu)ent

Select t!e 4' in t!e 'ocu)ent Mana er &!ose list position s!ould %e c!an ed.
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C!oose '?CUMENTS 5 M8SCELLANE?US 5C*ANGE 4?S8T8?N fro) t!e )ain )enu. Enter a position nu)%er after &!ic! t!e selected docu)ent is to %e )o(ed.
Rearran in 4ri)ary 'ocu)ents Usin 'ra C 'rop

Rearran in 4's (ia dra C drop is a con(enient alternati(e and lets you rearran e a nu)%er of selected 4's concurrently. ?pen t!e 4'ocs Mana er. Select one or )ore 4's. Start to dra t!e 4'1s3. A das!ed %ar appears at t!e current list insertion point. 'rop t!e 4's &!en you reac! t!e desired location for t!e docu)ents. Set t!e sort criterion to 8' %y clic7in on t!e 8' !eader for an opti)al feed%ac7 of t!e renu)%erin procedure.
Renu)%erin All 4ri)ary 'ocu)ents

T!is option %eco)es useful after you re)o(ed se(eral docu)ents fro) a *U. :!en re)o(in 4's fro) a *U+ pre(iously assi ned 8's 1e. . K4 1K3 are not Kreleased.K T!is results in aps in t!e seBuence of 4' nu)%ers. Iou )ay re)o(e t!ese aps %y renu)%erin all 4's in t!e *U usin t!e Renu)%er All feature. Select '?CUMENTS 5 M8SCELLANE?US 5 RENUM,ER ALL fro) t!e )ain )enu. 8t is not necessary to renu)%er 4's in ATLAS.ti. 'oin so can i(e reports a cleaner appearance.
Loadin And Na(i atin 4ri)ary 'ocu)ents

Loadin 4ri)ary 'ocu)ents
:!ene(er t!e content of a 4' needs to %e displayed+ printed+ or searc!ed+ it accesses its data source 1file+ )e)o3 and loads t!e content. T!is reBuest is often tri ered indirectly+ e. .+ %y displayin 1or printin 3 a Buotation. 0or perfor)ance reasons+ docu)ents are only loaded once9 t!ey are Gcac!edH unless t!is option is turned off.
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T!e follo&in lists a fe& procedures t!at directly or indirectly load t!e content of a 4'. Acti(atin it in t!e docu)ent dropAdo&n list or t!e 4' Mana er. Acti(atin a Buotation in t!e Buotation dropAdo&n list or t!e 2uotation Mana er. Selectin a Buotation for an acti(ated 1dou%leAclic7ed3 code or )e)o. Acti(atin a !yperlin7 in t!e )ar in area. Usin t!e L?A' option fro) t!e conte6t )enu of a 4' node in a Net&or7 Editor.
To Load A 4' Usin T!e 'ropAdo&n List

Clic7 on t!e 4' dropAdo&n list. Select a 4' %y clic7in on an entry in t!e list. T!e selected 4' is displayed in t!e 4' pane. 8f t!e list does not display all 4's assi ned+ t!e scroll%ar lets you na(i ate t!e list of entries.
To Load A 4' Usin T!e 4' Mana er

?pen t!e 4' Mana er %y clic7in t!e %utton to t!e left of t!e 4' dropA do&n list. 'ou%leAclic7 an entry in t!e 4' Mana er to load and display t!e 4'.
T!e *U is also protected a ainst accidental concurrent editin .
Content Cac!in
,y default+ t!e content of 4's is Gcac!ed+H 1i. e.+ 7ept in )e)ory3 unless t!is option !as %een s&itc!ed off in GENERAL 4RE0ERENCES. T!e %enefit of cac!in is t!at t!e ti)e a docu)ent reBuires to %e ready for use is reatly reduced &!ene(er its content is accessed )ore t!an once 1e. .+ &!en autoAcodin te6t passa es3. T!e dra&%ac7 of cac!in is t!at a lar er a)ount of internal )e)ory is needed &!en loadin )any lar e docu)ents+ &!ic! )i !t in turn create perfor)ance issues on syste)s &it! insufficient )e)ory. Cac!in can %e turned off co)pletely+ %ut you can also e)pty t!e cac!e periodically %y c!oosin )enu option '?CUMENTS 5 'ATA S?URCE MANAGEMENT 5 CLEAR '?CUMENTS CAC*E. :it! cac!in turned off+ repetiti(e operations li7e autoAcodin &ill %e si nificantly slo&ed do&n.
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Multi 'ocu)ent -ie&

:!en you clic7 on t!e plus si n on t!e ri !t !and side of t!e *U editor+ you can open up t!ree )ore re ions for t!e display of docu)ents. T!us+ you can (ie& 1and &or7 onJ3 up to four docu)ents sideA%yAside. 'ra a docu)ent fro) t!e na(i ation pane 1see Na(i ation 4ane Z11[3 or t!e 4A'ocs Mana er onto t!e re ion %utton at t!e ri !t !and side of t!e *U Editor to load a second docu)ent. Alternati(ely+ clic7 on t!e re ion %utton first to open a ne& re ion and t!en dra a docu)ent in t!e e)pty re ion pane.
0i ure =7. *U editor &it! t&o docu)ent re ions
T!e 4' %ar is yello& to indicate t!e current acti(e docu)ent. All inacti(e 4' %ars are ray. Iou can turn an inacti(e docu)ent into an acti(e one %y eit!er clic7in on t!e ray 4' %ar+ or si)ply clic7 inside t!e docu)ent pane of t!e inacti(e docu)ent. 8f you only &ant to co)pare t!e docu)ents &it!out seein t!e )ar in area+ you can s&itc! t!e )ar in area off %y selectin t!e )ain )enu option -8E:S 5 MARG8N AREA or clic7 on t!e Mar in %utton in t!e (ertical tool %ar. T!is s&itc!es t!e )ar in area on or off for t!e currently acti(e docu)ent only. 8f you &ant to c!an e t!e position of t!e docu)ents+ clic7 on a 4' %ar and dra C drop it into t!e desired docu)ent re ion.
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0i ure =>. Mo(in docu)ents %et&een re ions
Na(i atin :it!in 4ri)ary 'ocu)ents

T!e a(aila%le na(i ation options depend on t!e )edia type of t!e selected 4'.
Na(i atin :it!in Te6tual 4ri)ary 'ocu)ents

Te6tual 4's allo& for a (ariety of options to display different parts of t!e te6t. Iou can scroll up and do&n usin t!e )ouse &!eel. T!e arro& 7eys and ot!er na(i ational 7eys can %e used to )o(e t!rou ! t!e te6t. Wu)p to specific line5para rap! nu)%ers usin t!e G?AT?A4ARAGRA4* %utton to t!e left of t!e 4' pane. Iou )ay also Doo) t!e content (ia t!e V??M 4' %utton in t!e (ertical tool %ar 1see left3. To reset t!e (ie& to 1##a+ !old do&n %ot! S*80T_CTRL 7ey &!ile you clic7 on t!e V??M _ %utton. Iou find a selection of predefined siDes in t!e SiDe ta% in t!e %otto) ri !t of t!e ATLAS.ti &indo&.
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0i ure =/. Settin t!e display siDe of pri)ary docu)ents
So)e Additional Notes ?n 'isplayin And Na(i atin 4'0 'ocu)ents

Iou can (ie& 4'0 docu)ents pa e %y pa e or select to (ie& continuous pa es. 8f your 4'0 docu)ents contain %oo7)ar7s+ you can c!ose &!et!er you &ant to see t!e) or not and &!ere to position t!e). To c!an e t!e settin s for 4'0 docu)ents+ select t!e )ain )enu option T??LS 5 4RE0ERENCES 5 4'0 4RE0ERENCES.
0i ure ;#. Settin 4'0 preferences
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Clic7 on t!e colored rectan ular area to select a !i !li !t color. Select t!e continuous pa e display option to scroll do&n t!e entire 4'0 docu)ent. 8f selectin t!e sin le pa e option+ only one pa e at a ti)e is displayed. :!en )o(in do&n and up t!e scroll %ar+ a pre(ie& i)a e of t!e ot!er pa es is displayed 1see %elo&3.
0i ure ;1. Sin le pa e (ie& &it! pre(ie& i)a e
:!en selectin t!e sin le pa e (ie&+ clic7 on t!e 4a e %utton in t!e status %ar to )o(e %ac7 and fort!. ?r clic7 on t!e pre(ie& i)a e to @u)p to t!e displayed pa e.
0i ure ;2. 4a e %utton in t!e status %ar
8n case+ t!e 4'0 docu)ent includes %oo7)ar7s and you &ant to display t!e)+ select t!e appropriate option in t!e 4references &indo& 1see 0i ure ;#3. ,oo7)ar7s are displayed in t!e na(i ation pane.
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0i ure ;$. 'isplay of 4'0 %oo7)ar7s
C!an in T!e 'isplay SiDe ?f 4'0 'ocu)ents

8f you increase t!e siDe of t!e editor &indo&+ t!e siDe of t!e 4'0 pa e is enlar ed. Iou can also use t!e Voo) %uttons in t!e (ertical tool %ar and t!e siDe ta% in t!e status %ar to set t!e display siDe of your 4'0 docu)ent. T!e siDe ta% in status %ar s!o&s t!e actual siDe of t!e 4'. :!en clic7in on t!e SiDe ta% &!en a 4'0 docu)ent is loaded+ you !a(e a fe& additional options.
0i ure ;<. Additional display options for 4'0 files
Na(i atin :it!in 8)a e 4ri)ary 'ocu)ents

To c!an e t!e (isi%le section of a rap!ical 4'. Use t!e scroll %ar. Iou can scroll up and do&n usin t!e )ouse &!eel. T!e cursor arro&s and ot!er na(i ational 7eys can %e used.
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0i ure ;=. 'isplayin co))ents of i)a e docu)ents
:!en you clic7 on t!e upper left corner of an i)a e 4'+ its co))ent is displayed in a popAup &indo&.
0i ure ;;. A red dot indicates t!at t!e p!oto 4' contains eo rap!ical infor)ation
8f you see a red dot in t!e upper left !and corner+ t!e i)a e contains infor)ation a%out t!e eo rap!ical location &!ere t!e p!oto &as ta7en. 'ou%leAclic7 on t!e red dot to open Goo le Maps at t!is location.
Na(i atin :it!in Multi)edia 4ri)ary 'ocu)ents
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0i ure ;7. T!e (arious aspect of a loaded (ideo docu)entb
8f you )o(e t!e cursor inside t!e (ideo pane+ t!e )edia controls appear and you can start+ stop and pause t!e (ideo+ s7ip for&ard and %ac7&ards. 8f you ri !tAclic7 on t!e (ideo pre(ie&+ you can set a nu)%er of display options in t!e conte6t )enu 1see 0i ure ;73. Iou can for instance !ide t!e pre(ie& i)a es+ t!e audio &a(efor) or t!e ti)e indicators t!at are displayed &!en selectin a )ulti)edia data se )ent 1see GCodin audio and (ideo docu)entsG on pa e 1// . T&o oran e sliders t!at appear &!en you )o(e t!e )ouse pointer o(er t!e full pre(ie& let you select @ust t!e section of t!e (ideo t!at you &ant to see in t!e )ar in area 1see 0i ure ;>3.
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0i ure ;>. Selectin an area of t!e (ideo file to %e displayed in t!e )ar in area
S*?RTACUT REIS 4lay 5 4ause. 4lay N 4+ to s&itc! %et&een play and pause+ press t!e Space %ar. Stop N S
Re)o(in 4ri)ary 'ocu)ents 0ro) A 4ro@ect

8f you re)o(e a 4'+ t!e data source to &!ic! it refers is not deleted or ot!er&ise affected. 8f you !a(e docu)ents to one of t!e t&o li%raries+ t!e docu)ent re)ains in t!e li%rary 1see GT!e 'ocu)ent Li%rariesG on pa e 1#<3. *o&e(er+ re)o(in a 4' does delete all of its Buotations fro) t!e *U. As a conseBuence+ all references to ot!er Buotations 1!yperlin7s3+ ot!er codes+ and )e)os are also re)o(ed. Select t!e 4' to %e re)o(ed fro) t!e *U. C!oose '?CUMENTS 5 REM?-E 0R?M 4R?WECT fro) t!e )ain )enu. ?r select a 4' in t!e 4ri)ary 'ocu)ent Mana er+ ri !t clic7 on t!e docu)ent and c!oose REM?-E 0R?M 4R?WECT fro) t!e conte6t )enu.
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'ata Transcription
T!e AA'ocs function+ introduced in ATLAS.ti ;+ allo&s you to not only transcri%e your data &it!in ATLAS.ti+ %ut to also lin7 docu)ents to eac! ot!er in suc! a &ay t!at you (ie& t!e) sync!ronously. T!is )eans you can read your transcript and listen to t!e audio file !earin t!e ori inal tone of (oice or (ie&in t!e se )ent in t!e (ideo file. :!en in t!e )idst of your analysis+ you can )ar7 a se )ent or a Buotation of an associated docu)ent and instantly listen to t!e ori inal audio or (ie& t!e (ideo. T!e audio5 (ideo file stops at t!e end of t!e )ar7ed se )ent. Iou can also use t!e association points as na(i ation de(ice+ e. .+ to enter at a particular point in t!e file or to easily @u)p around.
Addin And Associatin Multi)edia 0iles And Transcripts

,elo& t!e process of addin a %lan7 transcript file to an ATLAS.ti pro@ect and t!e process of transcription is e6plained stepA%yAstep. Add t!e audio file or t!e (ideo file t!at you &ant to transcri%e. 0ro) t!e 'ocu)ents or 4ro@ect )ain )enu+ c!oose 1NE: 53 A'' '?CUMENTS..... Create a a ne& internal docu)ent for t!e transcript. '?CUMENTS 5 NE: 5 NE: TEET '?CUMENT. Enter a na)e for t!e transcript. 8t is i))ediately loaded in t!e *U editor in edit )ode. Load t!e audio or (ideo 4' into t!e second re ion of t!e *U editor 1see GMulti 'ocu)ent -ie&G on pa e >#3. Ne6t you need to associated t!e t&o files &it! eac! ot!er. 0ro) t!e )ain )enu select '?CUMENTS 5 ASS?C8ATE' '?CS 5 ASS?C8ATE :8T* 4' 0R?M REG8?N. A ne& association is auto)atically created and t!e Association Editor opens. T!e default na)e is S 1+ S 2+ S$ and so on. 0or a %etter o(er(ie&+ it is reco))ended t!at you replace t!e default na)e &it! a uniBue na)e. Select 08LE 5 RENAME fro) t!e Association EditorOs )enu and o(er&rite t!e default na)e. Clic7 ?R to confir). Iou can also associate docu)ents %y dra in C droppin t!e) fro) t!e 4'ocs Mana er into t!e Association Editor. To open t!e Association Editor c!ose '?CUMENTS 5 ASS?C8ATE' '?CS 5 ?4EN ASS?C8AT8?N E'8T?R. ?ne *er)eneutic Unit can include as )any associations as you li7e+ one association for eac! set of associated docu)ents+ and t&o docu)ents per set. T!e follo&in co)%inations are currently supported. audioF te6t and (ideoF te6t. 8n order to 7eep trac7 of your associations+ eac! association !as an 8'+ and a uniBue na)e can %e i(en as &ell.
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Settin Re&ind Ti)e

:!en transcri%in + it is often useful to listen once a ain to t!e part one @ust !as transcri%ed. T!erefore you can set an inter(al fro) 1 to = seconds. :!en startin t!e )ulti)edia file+ t!e file auto)atically re&inds t!e ti)e inter(al t!at you !a(e set. To set t!e re&ind ti)e+ clic7 on t!e AU'8? )enu of t!e Association Editor and select t!e desired re&ind ti)e.
0i ure ;/. Set re&ind ti)e
Start Transcri%in
T!e ne& e)pty docu)ent s!ould still %e loaded and in edit )ode. 8f not+ load it a ain and enter edit )ode 1clic7 on t!e pen %utton in t!e )ain tool %ar+ see also GEditin 4ri)ary 'ocu)entsG on pa e 1$73. C!ec7 your settin s in t!e Association Editor as s!o&n in 0i ure 7# %elo&.
0i ure 7#. Settin s for transcription
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T!e default settin is for anc!ors to %e al&ays displayed. Iou can deacti(ate t!is option in t!e Association Editor (ia t!e )enu TEET 5 S*?: ANC*?RS. Start t!e play%ac7 of t!e associated )ulti)edia file (ia t!e 0< 7ey or clic7 t!e appropriate %utton in t!e Association Editor as s!o&n left. Alternati(ely+ you can also use a foot s&itc!. T!e foot s&itc! needs to %e confi ura%le to t!e 0< 7ey for startin and stoppin a )ulti)edia file. Listen to &!ate(er part you can re)e)%er9 t!en press t!e 0< 7ey a ain. Type &!at you !eard. 4ress t!e 0> 7ey or clic7 or t!e anc!or %utton in t!e Association Editor to set an anc!or. T!e association anc!or lin7s t!e )atc!in parts in t!e docu)ents. A red dot is displayed &it!in your te6t and an entry is added to t!e Association Editor. 4ress 0< to play t!e audio file a ain. Listen to &!ate(er you can re)e)%er+ press 0<+ type t!e te6t+ press 0>+ t!en 0< a ain.
0i ure 71. Transcript &it! association anc!ors
T!e closer t!e distance %et&een t&o association anc!ors+ t!e %etter &ill %e t!e sync!roniDation. *o&e(er+ it is not reBuired to set anc!ors at any particular or prescri%ed inter(als 1for instance at t!e end of e(ery line of te6t3. 8f you )ar7 lon er se )ents+ interpolation is used to sync!roniDe t!e te6t &it! t!e associated )ulti)edia file. Sa(e t!e te6t fro) ti)e to ti)e %y clic7in on t!e edit pen selectin t!e SA-E ?NLI option.
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:!en you are finis!ed &it! your transcript or &ant to ta7e a %rea7+ select t!e option SA-E AN' LEA-E E'8T M?'E. T!en sa(e t!e *U 14R?WECT 5 SA-E3.
0i ure 72. Edit su% )enu
Iou can eit!er use t!e functions 7ey 0< to start and stop a recordin + or use a foot s&itc!. T!is sa(es a%out $#a of transcription ti)e. Iou can use any foot s&itc! t!at is confi ura%le to t!e 0< 7ey 1see for e6a)ple t!e &e% pa e of t!e de(elopers of t!e free transcription soft&are f<. !ttp.55&&&.audiotrans7ription.de5en lis!53
8nsert Anc!ors Auto)atically

8f you &ant ATLAS.ti to set anc!ors auto)atically at t!e end of eac! para rap!+ select TEET 5 AUT? 8NSERT ANC*?R :8T* RETURN in t!e Association Editor.
'elete Association Anc!ors

8f you set an anc!or accidentally+ you can correct t!is %y clic7in 0> a second ti)e+ or clic7 on t!e re)o(e anc!or %utton 1see left3. Anot!er &ay to delete anc!ors is (ia t!e Association Editor. Select an anc!or in t!e editor and t!en eit!er press t!e 'el 7ey on your 7ey%oard or select t!e )enu option ASS?C8AT8?N 5 'ELETE ANC*?R.
Undo
Settin or deletin an anc!or can %e re(ersed (ia t!e undo option.ASS?C8AT8?N 5 UN'?+ CTRL_V3
Na)in Anc!ors
Iou can use t!e list of anc!ors in t!e Association Editor to na(i ate t!rou ! t!e associated docu)ents. 0or t!is purpose+ anc!ors can %e na)ed. To na)e an anc!or+ select it+ clic7 on t!e na)e field and enter a na)e.
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Iou can also use t!e currently !i !li !ted te6t as na)e. 8n order to do t!is+ click 0/ or select t!e )enu option TEET 5 GRA, TEET AS NAME 1see 0i ure 713.
Addin 'ocu)ents -ia T!e Association EditorOs Menu

0irst you need to create a ne& association. select 08LE 5 NE: fro) t!e Association EditorOs )enu. A ne& association is i))ediately created. T!e default na)es are S 1+ S 2+ S $+ S <+ etc. Load t!e pri)ary docu)ent t!at you &ant to transcri%e 1see GLoadin 4ri)ary 'ocu)entsG on pa e 7>. T!en select t!e )enu option ASS?C8AT8?N 5 8NSERT 4R8MARI '?CUMENT. No& load t!e file t!at you !a(e prepared for transcription. Select t!e )enu option ASS?C8AT8?N 5 8NSERT 4R8MARI '?CUMENT a ain. No& t!e t&o docu)ents are associated.
'eletin Associations
T!e acti(e association t!at is s!o&n in t!e editor can %e deleted (ia t!e )enu 08LE 5 'ELETE.
Associatin T&o Already E6istin 'ocu)ents

:!en you already !a(e a transcript t!at is not yet associated &it! its audio or (ideo file+ you can sync!roniDe t!e t&o docu)ents %y oin t!rou ! t!e transcript and settin anc!ors. T!is is !o& it &or7s. Create a ne& association in t!e Association Editor and add t!e t&o docu)ents 1see pa e >>3. Start t!e )ulti)edia file &it! 0<+ listen to it or (ie& it. Stop it at a certain point 1press 0< a ain3+ locate t!e )atc!in te6t in t!e transcript+ and set an anc!or at t!e end of t!e )atc!in te6t passa e 1press 0>3. Start t!e )ulti)edia file a ain &it! 0<+ listen to it or (ie& it. Stop it at a certain point 1press 0< a ain3+ locate t!e )atc!in te6t in t!e transcript+ and set an anc!or at t!e end of t!e )atc!in te6t passa e 1clic7 0>3. And so on.... As you can open t!e t&o docu)ents side %y side+ you can )o(e t!rou ! t!e docu)ents Buite Buic7ly. 8t s!ould not ta7e )uc! lon er to create t!e associations t!an t!e actual duration of t!e )ulti)edia file.
8)portin Associated 'ocu)ents Transcri%ed Else&!ere

Currently+ ATLAS.ti supports t!e i)port of transcripts produced &it! f< 1:indo&s3+ f= 1Mac3 and Transana. Ti)e )ar7ers fro) t!e transcript are auto)atically con(erted to association anc!ors. T!e connected audio or (ideo file is also i)ported.
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0or )ore infor)ation on f<5f= see. !ttp.55&&&.audiotrans7ription.de5en lis!5f<.!t) 0or )ore infor)ation on Transana+ see. !ttp.55&&&.transana.co)5
4reparin Transcripts 8n 0<50=

:!en preparin a transcript in f<P2#12+ it is possi%le to c!an e t!e for)at for ti)e sta)ps. *o&e(er+ for i)port in ATLAS.ti+ t!e default for)at is needed. ##.##.##A# 1!ours.)inutes.secondsA)illiseconds3.
0i ure 7$. Settin s for ti)e sta)pes in 0<P2#12
After preparin and sa(in t!e transcript in 0<50= do not open it in :ord and )a7e c!an es in :ord. T!is )ay corrupt t!e reco nition of t!e ti)e sta)ps in ATLAS.ti. F Also do not c!an e t!e file na)es of eit!er t!e transcript or t!e )ulti)edia file. 8f you do+ open t!e transcript in f< and reA associate it &it! t!e )ulti)edia file.
4reparin Transcripts 8n Transana

:!en preparin a transcript in Transana+ you need to sa(e it as e6ternal file 108LE 5 SA-E TRANSCR84T AS...3. ,efore you do t!at you need to acti(ate t!e ti)e code (alues as s!o&n in 0i ure 7<. *ide t!e ti)e code inde6es 1red sy)%ol3. Iou can still i)port a docu)ent t!at s!o&s inde6es+ %ut t!ey &ill @ust %e displayed as an additional sy)%ol in addition to t!e red dots t!at )ar7 t!e ti)e sta)ps in ATLAS.ti and t!us are )ore distur%in t!an !elpful.
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0i ure 7<. Settin %efore sa(in a transcript in Transana
*o& To 8)port Transcripts

To i)port a transcript+ select t!e )ain )enu ite) '?CUMENTS 5 NE: 5 8M4?RT TRANSCR84T. A file %ro&ser opens. ,ro&se to t!e location &!ere t!e transcript is stored+ select it and clic7 on t!e open %utton. 8f t!e associated )ulti)edia file is not auto)atically reco niDed+ you &ill %e as7ed to select it. T!e file %ro&ser opens a ain and you can select t!e )ulti)edia file. Select &!et!er to i)port t!e )ulti)edia file in My Li%rary or t!e Tea) Li%rary 1see GT!e 'ocu)ent Li%rariesG on pa e 1#<3. T!e transcript is added as an internal docu)ent 1see GAddin e)%edded docu)ents 1Te6t files only3 on pa e 7;3. A ne& association is created in t!e Association Editor+ t!e t&o docu)ents are added to t!is association and t!e ti)e code (alues are con(erted to anc!ors. Load t!e transcript into t!e *U editor and clic7 on t!e red circle at t!e top ri !tA!and side of t!e docu)ent to load t!e associated )ulti)edia file 1see 0i ure 7= %elo&3.
:or7in :it! Associated 'ocu)ents

All AA'oc functions can %e accessed eit!er (ia t!e )ain )enu '?CUMENTS 5 ASS?C8ATE' '?CS or fro) t!e Association Editor. A *er)eneutic Unit can contain unli)ited nu)%ers of associations+ %ut only one can %e acti(e at any i(en ti)e. Associations %et&een docu)ents are auto)atically acti(ated &!en a docu)ent is loaded in t!e *U Editor. 8n cases &!ere se(eral associations e6ist+ t!e first a(aila%le is auto)atically selected. Iou can also select a specific association (ia t!e 08LE 5 USE... )enu in t!e Associations Editor.
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:!en you load a docu)ent t!at !as an associated file+ a red circle is s!o&n in t!e 4' %ar 1see 0i ure 7=3.
0i ure 7=. Clic7 t!e red dot to load t!e associated docu)ent
Clic7 on t!e red dot9 t!e associated docu)ent is loaded into t!e docu)ent re ion ne6t to it.
4lay Selected Te6t

8f you select a piece of transcript or a Buotation in an associated te6t+ t!e selected lin7ed audio or (ideo can %e played. *i !li !t a a piece of te6t and select eit!er t!e )enu ite) '?CUMENTS 5
0i ure 7;. 4layin associated audio or (ideo se )ents
ASS?C8ATE' '?CS 5 4LAI SELECTE' TEET or press t!e 7ey co)%ination CTRL_4. T!e associated (ideo or audio recordin &ill %e played %ac7 fro) t!e correct position. 4lay%ac7 stops at t!e end of t!e selection. T!e accuracy of selected te6t play%ac7 depends on t!e precision and t!e nu)%er of t!e a(aila%le anc!ors.
Sync!roniDation Mode 10$3

8n nonAsync!ronous )ode+ t!e docu)ents are independent fro) eac! anot!er. GMo(in aroundH in eit!er one of t!e docu)ents does not affect t!e ot!er. :!en you s&itc! to sync!roniDation )ode+ associated docu)ents display
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sync!ronously+ i. e.+ t!ey are positioned ne6t to eac! ot!er. Since sync!ronous play%ac7 is not useful or desired in all situations+ sync!roniDation )ode can %e s&itc!ed on and off.
T!e nonAsync!ronous )ode is particularly i)portant for settin anc!or points. 8n sync!ronous )ode+ associated )ulti)edia docu)ents follo& t!e )o(e)ents of t!e )ouse cursor. T!is )a7es positionin anc!ors difficult. 8n nonAsync!ronous )ode+ it is !o&e(er still possi%le to clic7 on an anc!or in t!e Association Editor and @u)p to t!e associated data se )ent. ACT8-AT8NG AN' 'EACT8-AT8?N SINC*R?N?US M?'E Sync!ronous )ode can %e ena%led and disa%led (ia t!e )ain )enu entry '?CUMENTS 5 ASS?C8ATE' '?CS 5 SINC*R? M?'E and (ia t!e 0$ 7ey. 8n t!e Association Editor+ sync!ronous )ode can %e selected (ia t!e )enu ite) ASS?C8AT8?N or t!e SINC*R? %utton in t!e tool %ar. :?RR8NG :8T* SINC*R?N?US M?'E Mo(in t!e )ouse cursors in t!e te6t or clic7in a te6t passa e causes associated )ulti)edia docu)ents to %e repositioned. Clic7 0< to start play%ac7 at t!is position. T!e opposite case A i. e.+ )o(in t!e cursor in t!e )ulti)edia docu)ent M causes no cursor c!an e in t!e te6t docu)ent. T!is &ould !a)per your te6t &or7. *o&e(er+ sync!ronous display is still possi%le if you select XRarao7e )odeG 1see %elo&3. Rarao7e Mode 1CTRLA0<3 F not yet a(aila%le in -ersion 7.# GRarao7eH )ode lets you follo& )ulti)edia content and te6t docu)ents at t!e sa)e ti)e. T!e )ulti)edia docu)ent sets t!e pace &!ile t!e current passa e is !i !li !ted in t!e te6t docu)ent. ,ecause of t!e )o(in te6t selection+ nor)al te6tA&or7 tas7s suc! as creatin Buotations are not possi%le in t!is )ode. T!ere are se(eral &ays of !i !li !tin te6t in Rarao7e )ode. To c!oose one of it+ select t!e) fro) t!e TEET )enu of t!e Associations Editor. *8G*L8G*T SECT8?N. *i !li !ts t!e section %et&een t&o anc!ors. *8G*L8G*T L8NE. *i !li !ts t!e entire line of te6t t!at corresponds to t!e position of t!e GleadH docu)ent. *8G*L8G*T :?R'. *i !li !ts t!e &ord t!at corresponds to t!e position of t!e GleadH docu)ent. *8G*L8G*T C*ARACTER. *i !li !ts t!e c!aracter t!at corresponds to t!e position of t!e GleadH docu)ent. Load t!e associated te6t docu)ent+ e. . t!e transcript. To start t!e Rarao7e )ode+ press CTRL_0< or select '?CUMENTS 5 ASS?C8ATE' '?CS 5 RARA?RE. T!is acti(ates %ot! t!e SINC*R? )ode and t!e RARA?RE )ode. 4ress 0< to start t!e )ulti)edia docu)ent. ,ot! &ill no& %e s!o&n side %y side. 8n t!e te6t docu)ent+ t!e passa e is !i !li !ted t!at is currently played %ac7.
'ATA 4RE4ARAT8?N
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8)portin And E6portin Associations

Associations are sa(ed to et!er &it! t!e *U and re)ain affiliated. 0or e6c!an e %et&een ATLAS.ti pro@ects+ t!ey can also %e e6ported and i)ported as files. 8n t!e Associations Editor+ select )enu ite)s 08LE 5 EE4?RT^ and sa(e t!e file. T!e acti(e association is sa(ed as a file. T!is file is in EML for)at and !as t!e e6tension G.synG. T!e i)port function 108LE 5 8M4?RT...3 lets you open files t!at &ere created in t!e a%o(e fas!ion and acti(ates t!e) as ne& associations in a different *U.
8)portin Sur(ey 'ata

T!ese days a lot of sur(eys are conducted online. A positi(e side effect is t!at 1a3 all data is i))ediately a(aila%le in di ital for)at and 1%3 respondents are often &illin to pro(ide len t!y ans&ers to openAended Buestions. ?n paperA andApencil sur(eys t!is &as rarely t!e case. Statistical pro ra)s li7e S4SSc do offer options to analyDe open ended Buestions+ %ut %asically you end up encodin eac! ans&er &it! a nu)%er. A proper Bualitati(e analysis of t!e ans&ers is not possi%le. T!is is no& possi%le in ATLAS.ti. A typical &or7 flo& for &or7in &it! sur(ey data loo7s li7e t!is.
0i ure 77. :or7 flo& &!en i)portin sur(ey data
?nline sur(eys can %e created usin a nu)%er to tools. :!at )ost of t!ese tools !a(e in co))on is t!at you can e6port your data as E6celc file. And t!is is &!at you need to prepare for i)port in ATLAS.ti 1see %elo&3. ,ased on specific prefi6es t!at you add to your (aria%le na)es+ ATLAS.ti interprets t!e colu)n !eaders and cells of t!e E6celc ta%le in (arious &ays and turns t!e) into pri)ary docu)ents+ t!e contents of t!e pri)ary docu)ents+ pri)ary docu)ent fa)ilies+ Buotations+ codes+ co))ents and code fa)ilies. 'ata are i)ported caseA%ased. T!is )eans eac! ro& of t!e E6celc ta%le t!at is i)ported fro) t!e online sur(ey tool is transfor)ed into a pri)ary docu)ent.
'ATA 4RE4ARAT8?N
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*o& Sur(ey 'ata 8s Treated 8n ATLAS.ti

To represent t!e results of an online sur(ey &it!in t!e fra)e&or7 of ATLAS.ti in t!e )ost accurate and co)plete )anner+ a fe& %asic reBuire)ents need to %e considered. A sur(ey %roadly consists of t!e na)e of t!e sur(ey+ t!e Buestions+ t!e ans&ers for eac! respondent. 2uestions can %e of different types li7e sin le c!oice Buestions 1yes5no+ or offerin )ore t!an t&o options3+ )ultiple c!oice Buestions+ or open ended Buestions. Within the framework of ATLAS.ti these concepts are mapped as follows:
Sur(ey Concept ?penAended Buestion Sin le C!oice #51 Sin le C!oice T 2 options Multiple C!oice
ATLAS.ti Concept 4ri)ary docu)ent 4' 0a)ily 4' 0a)ily fro) 2uestion plus -alue 4' 0a)ily fro) 2uestion plus -alue
T!is does not )ean t!at you cannot turn a )ultiple c!oice Buestion into a code+ it all depends on !o& you define t!e colu)ns in t!e E6cel ta%le. 8f you turn sin le or )ultiple c!oice Buestions into codes+ you later need to do so)e auto)atic codin %ased on t!e response c!oices a(aila%le in t!e Buestionnaire. Al&ays re)e)%er t!at ATLAS.ti is not a soft&are for analyDin statistical data+ alt!ou ! it is possi%le to add infor)ation fro) traditional Buantitati(e Buestions. 8t )i !t also %e a ood idea to %e already acBuainted &it! t!e ATLAS.ti analysis tools li7e t!e Buery tool and its scope function 1G2uery ToolG+ pa e 2=>3+ t!e coAoccurence ta%le e6plorer 1GCoAoccurrence Tools+ pa e 2/#3+ and t!e codesApri)aryAdocu)entsAta%le 1GCodesA4ri)ary 'ocu)ents CrossATa%ulationG+ pa e $#23 %efore preparin t!e E6celc ta%le for i)port. A eneral reco))endation is to include t!e follo&in (aria%les fro) t!e online sur(ey. -aria%les descri%in t!e respondents+ i. e. t!e classical de)o rap!ic (aria%les li7e a e roup+ ender+ profession+ educational le(el+ inco)e roups+ etc.. Turn t!ose (aria%les into 4' fa)ilies. Responses to openAended Buestions. Turn t!ose into coded se )ents. Selected ot!er (aria%les li7e ans&ers to sin le or )ultiple c!oice Buestions t!at are i)portant in relation to analyDin t!e openAended Buestions. 4reparin An E6celc Ta%le 0or 8)port T!e follo&in ta%le s!o&s t!e list of all a(aila%le prefi6es t!at you can to add to t!e colu)n !eaders in E6celc in order for ATLAS.ti to interpret t!e cells in (arious &ays.
Prefixes and their interpretation
'ATA 4RE4ARAT8?N
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Prefix
Result
J d C
defines t!e colu)n to list t!e na)es of t!e pri)ary docu)ents defines t!e colu)n to list t!e pri)ary docu)entOs aut!or defines t!e pri)ary docu)entOs date+ e6pects 8S?>;#1 for)at+ see. !ttp.55&&&.cl.ca).ac.u75`) 72=5isoAti)e.!t)l E6a)ple. <t! of 0e%ruary 1//= or 1//=A#2A#< in 8S?>;#1 for)at N IIIIMM'' N 1//=#2#< 8 nore t!is colu)n+ use to e6clude stuff inserted %y t!e sur(ey tool Creates a 4' fa)ily fro) t!e field na)e. Currently t!e cell needs to contain t!e nu)%er 1+ or t!e &ords Ies or Wa to %e applied. Use for sin le c!oice Buestions &!ere respondents can ans&er yes or no 1or encoded as 1 and #3. ?nly t!e responses encoded &it! yes5@a or 1 %eco)e part of t!e 4' fa)ily. Creates a 4' 0a)ily fro) t!e field na)e plus cell (alue. Use for sin le c!oice Buestion li7e ender. Creates a 4' 0a)ily fro) t!e field na)e plus t!e actual cell (alue. Use for sin le c!oice Buestions &it! )ore t!an t&o ans&er options or for )ultiple c!oice Buestions. Add no prefi6 to all open ended Buestions. T!e te6t in t!e colu)n !eader is used as code. To a(oid (ery lon code na)e+ use a s!ort for) to indicate t!e Buestion and add t!e full Buestion as co))ent 1see ne6t ro&3
. e
..
All te6t entered after t&o colons is added to t!e o%@ectOs co))ent field. T!is can %e applied to cells resultin in 4' fa)ilies or codes.
0i ure 7>. Sa)ple ta%le ready for i)port
,y i)portin t!e sa)ple ta%le+ &e et. T!e na)e+ date and aut!or of t!e resultin 4' T&o dic!oto)ous fa)ilies Acade)ic and Ar)y. T!e follo&in co))ent is added to t!e 4' 0a)ily GAr)yH. 'id you ser(eU T&o fa)ilies Se6..)ale and Se6..fe)ale
'ATA 4RE4ARAT8?N
1##
0our fa)ilies 0a(orites..,eatles+ 0a(orites..Stones+ etc. 0or t!e 4' fa)ilies t!e follo&in co))ent is added. :!at %ands do you listen to re ularly. T&o codes Tell us a drea) and ?pen End. T!e follo&in co))ent is added to t!e co))ent field of t!e code G?pen EndH. No& !o& do 8 )a7e a Buestion %e interpreted as openAendedU
*o& To 8)port Sur(ey 'ata

4repare an E6cel ta%le as e6plained a%o(e. Iou can add t!e prefi6es already &!en you prepare t!e online sur(ey+ or after&ard %y editin t!e t!e resultin E6cel ta%le. T!e dra&%ac7 of addin t!e prefi6es to t!e sur(ey is t!at suc! early applied )ar7Aup also displays in t!e online sur(ey interface and your respondents )i !t &onder a%out t!e funny c!aracters at t!e %e innin of Buestions. Editin t!e do&nloaded E6cel ta%le prior to i)portin it into ATLAS.ti !as t!e ad(anta e of not displayin unusual for)attin c!aracters to t!e user. A disad(anta e is t!at you need to do t!is e(ery ti)e you do&nload t!e ta%le+ for instance+ %ecause you are c!ec7in incre)entally and not all respondents !a(e filled out t!e Buestionnaire yet. Mar7 all cells in t!e ta%le and for)at t!e) as Te6t 1ri !t clic7 on t!e !i !li !ted ta%le and select t!e option G0or)at CellsH. Sa(e t!e ta%le 1as 6ls or 6ls6 file3. Close E6cel 1or at least t!e docu)ent t!at you &ant to i)port3. ?pen ATLAS.ti and select '?CUMENTS 5 NE: 5 8M4?RT SUR-EI 'ATA. T!e i)port procedure starts and ATLAS.ti infor)s you &!en all data are i)ported. 'urin t!e i)port+ one pri)ary docu)ent is created fro) e(ery ro&. Unli7e Gnor)alH 4's &!o et t!eir contents fro) files+ t!ese pri)ary docu)ents need to !a(e t!eir content 1data source3 created as &ell. T!ese data sources are e)%edded &it!in t!e *U 1see GAddin e)%edded docu)ents 1Te6t files only3H on pa e 7;3. T!e creation of t!e te6tual contents is done as follo&s. Eac! ro& is scanned fro) left to ri !t+ colu)n %y colu)n. Eac! cellOs content %elon in to an openA ended Buestion field is appended to t!e currently %uilt docu)ent 1case3. 8n addition+ eac! piece of appended te6t is also referenced as a Buotation auto)atically coded &it! t!e current Buestion.
'ATA 4RE4ARAT8?N
1#1
0i ure 7/. 4reAcoded data %y Buestion
T!ose colu)ns defined as (aria%les are turned into 4' 0a)ilies. See t!e section on G0a)ily LifeG on pa e 22= for furt!er infor)ation. 8f you select a case+ all applica%le fa)ilies are !i !li !ted 1see 0i ure >#3.
0i ure >#. 4A'ocs Mana er &it! i)ported sur(ey data and t!e correspondin fa)ilies
Special fa)ilies are created for all i)ported 4's and codes to )a7e filterin for t!e sur(ey )aterial easy. Sa(e t!e *er)eneutic Unit. As default na)e t!e na)e of t!e E6cel file is used. 8f you i)port t!e sa)e ta%le repeatedly+ ro&s &it! already e6istin 4's are i nored. T!is &ay+ you do not !a(e to &ait until t!e last respondent !as filled out t!e Buestionnaire.
AnalyDin Sur(ey 'ata

8n order to analyDe sur(ey data+ you s!ould et acBuainted &it! t!e follo&in features and functions of ATLAS.ti.
'ATA 4RE4ARAT8?N
1#2
4ri)ary 'ocu)ent 0a)ilies+ especially t!eir use as data attri%utes 1see 0a)ily Life on pa e 22= and :or7in &it! -aria%les. 4ri)ary 'ocu)ent 0a)ilies on pa e 2$<. ,asic codin tec!niBues to add so)e additional codes to t!e precoded responses 1see Codin Tec!niBues on pa e 1>73. Code 0a)ilies 1see pa e 2<#3 T!e CodesA4ri)aryA'ocu)entsATa%le 1see pa e $#23 T!e Buery tool and t!e scope function 1see pa e 2=>+ pa e 27>3 Creatin and &or7in &it! super fa)ilies 1see pa e 2>#3 T!e CoAoccurenceATa%leAE6plorer 1see pa e 2/13.
'ATA MANAGEMENT 8N ATLAS.T8
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'ata Mana e)ent 8n ATLAS.ti
As e6plained in t!e section G:!at !appens %e!ind t!e scene if you add docu)ents to a pro@ectG on pa e 713+ you can dele ate your data )ana e)ent to ATLAS.ti. ATLAS.ti 7 is s)art enou ! to )ana e your docu)ents for youJ 8n ATLAS.ti 7+ you add rat!er t!an assi n docu)ents to a pro@ect. ATLAS.ti )a7es a copy of t!e docu)ents and puts t!e) into one of t&o li%raries. My Li%rary for sin le user pro@ects and t!e Tea) Li%rary for tea) pro@ects. T!e li%raries are a &or7space for ATLAS.ti and you do not !a(e to concern yourself &it! it. Iou can+ !o&e(er+ c!an e t!e location of t!e li%rary if you &ant to. T!is for e6a)ple is rele(ant for tea) pro@ects &!ere docu)ents are stored at a s!ared location 1see GTea) 4ro@ects Usin a S!ared LocationG on pa e 11=3.
:!at *appens To -ersion = ?r ; *U1s3U

8f you load a (ersion = or ; pro@ect+ you &ill %e as7ed &!et!er you &ant ATLAS.ti to )ana e your docu)ents 1see GMi ratin ATLAS.ti = and ; 4ro@ects G3. Iou can also decide t!at t!e *U s!ould currently not %e )ana ed %y ATLAS.ti. T!is is for e6a)ple necessary in t!e process of )i ratin an tea) pro@ects to ATLAS.ti 7 if tea) )e)%ers &or7 at different locations 1see GMi ratin (ersion = and ; Tea) 4ro@ects to ATLAS.ti 7G on pa e 121.
:!at 0ile1s3 'o 8 Need To 4ay Attention ToU

,asically+ t!e only files you need to concern yourself &it! are your *U file and a proper %ac7up t!ereof. A (ersion 7 pro@ect 1*U3 file !as t!e file e6tension !pr7. T!is file can %e stored any&!ere and you can )o(e it to any location as lon as access to t!e li%rary is a(aila%le. Since docu)ents are added to the library and not embedded in the
HU, the HU file still remains rather small.
A second file you &ill &ant to attend to is t!e copy %undle file as a %ac7up of your entire pro@ect 1see pa e Error. Reference source not found3.
1#<
*o& 'o 8 Mo(e A 4ro@ect :!en 8 :or7 :it! Mana ed 0ilesU

To )o(e an ATLAS.ti 7 pro@ect to a ne& location+ create a copy %undle file as usual and install it at t!e ne& location 14R?WECT 5 C?4I ,UN'LE3. ?n t!e tar et co)puter+ all docu)ents t!at are not already in t!e li%rary are added to it. To )a7e it )ore o%(ious &!at a copy %undle file is+ &e !a(e created a ne& icon. :e lo(e it and &e !ope t!at you &ill li7e it too. 0urt!er)ore+ t!e copy %undle file !as a ne& e6tension. atlc%. 8f durin t!e course of t!e pro@ect ne& files &ere added to t!e *U or docu)ents &ere )odified+ you can create a partial %undle t!at only includes t!ose docu)ents. T!is reduces t!e siDe of t!e %undle considera%ly 1see G*o& to Create A Copy ,undle 0ileon pa e 1$13. ?nce all docu)ents are a(aila%le in t!e li%rary at t!e (arious locations+ you only need to )o(e %ac7 and fort! t!e *U file.
Can 8 Still Use Lin7ed 'ocu)entsU

Ies+ if you prefer+ you can still )ana e your docu)ents yourself+ i.e. &or7in &it! lin7ed docu)ents as %efore. *o&e(er+ our reco))endation &ould %e t!at you transfer your pro@ects to t!e ne& )ana ed for)at since it offers nu)erous ad(anta es. T!ere is )uc! less to consider in ter)s of pro@ect and data )ana e)ent9 files are co)pressed+ so you sa(e !ard disc space9 all docu)ent re(isions are trac7ed9 you can edit all te6t docu)ents 1also ori inal doc and doc6 files39 and your entire pro@ect is )ore ro%ust.
T!e 'ocu)ent Li%raries

T!e Li%rary Mana er offers access to eit!er My Li%rary for sin le user pro@ect+ or t!e Tea) Li%rary. T!e li%rary )ana er pro(ides infor)ation a%out t!e na)e+ type and siDe of eac! i)ported docu)ent+ t!e ti)e &!en it &as i)ported+ t!e )odification date of t!e source file and t!e location &!ere it &as added5assi ned fro). T!e Li%rary Mana er s!ould pri)arily %e accessed %y pro@ect ad)inistrators only. ?t!er users s!ould only open it &!en instructed to do so %y t!e pro@ect ad)inistrator. T!is is for e6a)ple t!e case if t!e location of t!e tea) li%rary needs to %e set to a different location. To access t!e ATLAS.ti li%raries+ select '?CUMENTS 5 'ATA S?URCE MANAGEMENT 5 ?4EN L8,RARI MANAGER .
1#=
0i ure >1. Li%rary Mana er
S&itc! %et&een t!e t&o li%raries %y clic7in on eit!er t!e My Li%rary or t!e Tea) Li%rary ta%. :it! a clic7 on eac! colu)n+ you can sort t!e docu)ents %y t!e (arious !eaders. Use t!e searc! field on t!e top ri !t !and side to loo7 for particular docu)ents. T!e pane at t!e %otto) left pro(ides infor)ation a%out data source re(isions+ i. e.+ &!et!er a docu)ent !as already %een edited or not. 8n t!e pane ne6t to it+ all *Us t!at use t!e docu)ents are listed. A dou%leAclic7 opens t!e *U1s3 fro) !ere.
*o& To Use T!e T&o Li%raries

T!e differences %et&een t!e t&o li%raries is t!e default location on your co)puter. My Li%rary is found in t!e su% folder structure of t!e user t!at is currently lo ed in under :indo&s. T!e Tea) Li%rary is stored in a su% folder under 4u%lic 'ocu)ents on your co)puter 1see EETRAS )enu in t!e Li%rary Mana er3. T!e reco))endation is to use My Li%rary for sin le user pro@ects and t!e Tea) Li%rary for tea) pro@ects.
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Li%raries Menu
-ia t!e L8,RAR8ES )enu+ you can also s&itc! %et&een My Li%rary and t!e Tea) Li%rary.
0i ure >2. Li%rary Mana er. Li%raries )enu
A furt!er option is to -AL8'ATE L8,RAR8ES. 'urin t!e process of (alidatin + ATLAS.ti c!ec7s t!e li%rary for inconsistencies. 4ossi%le inconsistencies are docu)ents t!at are still )ana ed %y t!e li%rary+ %ut do no lon er e6ist9 or docu)ents t!at are no lon er used any of t!e *Us+ etc. 8f inconsistencies are found+ you &ill %e infor)ed %y t!e follo&in dialo ue.
0i ure >$. Result of a li%rary (alidation
Clic7 on RE4A8R CATAL?G and close t!e &indo&.
0i ure ><. -alidatin . No pro%le)s found
8f no pro%le)s are found+ you &ill see t!e follo&in )essa e.
Select L8,RAR8ES 5 EE8T to close t!e Li%rary Mana er.
1#7
'ata Sources Menu
0i ure >=. Li%rary Mana er. 'ata Sources )enu
Currently+ t!e 'ATA S?URCES )enu only offers you t!e option to delete docu)ents fro) t!e li%rary. 8n a later ATLAS.ti 7 release+ t&o )ore options A to copy or )o(e selected docu)ents %et&een li%raries F &ill %e added. Use t!e 'ELETE option &it! care. 8f you delete docu)ents fro) t!e li%rary t!at are used %y one or )ore *Us+ t!e docu)ents &ill no lon er %e a(aila%le in t!e *U1s3 and you lose all codin + co))entin + etc. t!at you !a(e done.
E6tras Menu
Use t!e EETRAS )enu to )o(e t!e li%raries to a different location 1MANAGE L8,RARI L?CAT8?N3 and to set t!e li%rary location to a different folder if it !as %een )o(ed 1SET L8,RARI L?CAT8?N3 T!ese options are particular rele(ant for tea) pro@ects+ if t!ey &ant to access docu)ents (ia a s!ared location 1see GTea) 4ro@ects Usin a S!ared LocationG on pa e 11=3.
0i ure >;. Li%rary Mana er. E6tras )enu
T!e option ?4EN L8,RARI 0?L'ER opens t!e E6plorer and ta7es you to t!e folder on your co)puter &!ere t!e files are actually stored.
1#>
:e stron ly ad(ises users a ainst )o(in t!e li%rary to 'rop%o6 or ot!er cloudAsynced ser(ices and folders. 8t is t!e ](ery nature] of 'rop%o6 and ot!er cloudA%ased ser(ices t!at t!ey &ill c!an e data in your repository if t!is data !as %een c!an ed else&!ereAA&it! or &it!out t!e userOs 7no&in or consent. T!is corrupts t!e inte rity of your ATLAS.ti pro@ect and )ay result in data lossJ T!e idea of G)ana ed docu)entsH is t!at t!e repository is a location t!at is solely )ana ed %y ATLAS.ti and not %y any ot!er application. ATLAS.ti G)%* t!erefore accepts no responsi%ility and no lia%ility for any data loss caused %y )o(in your li%raries to 'rop%o6 or cloudA%ased ser(ice.
Copyin 'ocu)ents ,et&een Li%raries

8f you accidentally or for &!ate(er reason put a docu)ent into t!e &ron li%rary+ you can )o(e it. ?pen t!e 4ri)ary 'ocu)ent Mana er and !i !li !t t!e docu)ent1s3 t!at you &ant to )o(e. Ri !tAclic7 and select 'ATA S?URCE MANAGEMENT 5 C?4I SELECTE' '?CUMENTS T?... 'ependin on &!ere t!e docu)ents are currently stored+ t!e )enu offers t!e c!oice to eit!er )o(e t!e) to My Li%rary or t!e Tea) Li%rary.
0i ure >7. Mo(in docu)ents %et&een li%raries
E6portin 'ocu)ents 0ro) T!e Li%rary

As all docu)ents are copied to t!e li%rary 1unless you &or7 &it! lin7ed docu)ents3+ all )odifications you )a7e to t!e docu)ent are only reflected in t!e li%rary docu)ent and no lon er in your ori inal :ord docu)ent 1as &as t!e case in (ersion ;3. T!erefore+ ATLAS.ti 7 offers an e6port option. Select t!e docu)ents you &ant to e6port in t!e 4docs Mana er. Ri !tAclic7 and selections 'ATA S?URCE MANAGEMENT 5 EE4?RT SELECTE' '?CUMENTS. Select a destination &!ere you &ant to store t!e) and clic7 ?R.
SETT8NG U4 A NE: 4R?WECT
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Settin Up A Ne& 4ro@ect
8f you clic7 on t!e )ain )enu '?CUMENTS 5 NE: 5 ^. you find a nu)%er of to a pro@ect options to add docu)ents to an ATLAS.ti pro@ect.
0i ure >>. T!e (arious options to add docu)ents to an ATLAS.ti 7 pro@ect
Addin docu)ents to eit!er My Li%rary or t!e Tea) Li%rary 1see G*o& To Use T!e T&o Li%rariesG on pa e 1#=3. Addin docu)ents fro) t!e li%rary. Use t!is option if you &ant to use docu)ents t!at are already in one of t!e t&o li%raries. 8)portin docu)ents t!at you !a(e transcri%ed usin f< 1:indo&s3+ f= 1Mac3 or Transana. T!e transcripts are turned into an e)%edded docu)ents and t!e associated )edia file are added to a li%rary of your c!oice 1see G8)portin Associated 'ocu)ents Transcri%ed else&!ereG on pa e /23. 8)portin sur(ey data %ased on an E6cel spread s!eet. CaseA%ased data are i)ported as e)%edded docu)ents 1see G8)portin Sur(ey 'ata G on pa e /73. Creatin a ne& e)%edded te6t docu)ent 1see GAddin e)%edded docu)ents 1Te6t files only3G on pa e 7;3. Creatin a ne& Goo le Eart! 4' 1see pa e 7;3. Creatin a snaps!ot fro) t!e currently loaded Goo leEart! location as i)a e 4' 1see pa e 773.
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Assi nin e6ternal 1lin7ed3 docu)ents li7e you are used to fro) older (ersions of ATLAS.ti. 4lease see t!e -; )anual for a description of (arious pro@ect setup options. T!e option GT*8S 8S A TEAM *UH is acti(ated+ if docu)ents &ere added to t!e tea) li%rary.
Settin Up Sin le User 4ro@ects

?pen ATLAS.ti and select '?CUMENTS 5 NE: 5 A'' '?CUMENTS 1MI L8,RARI3+ or dra and drop a folder 5 selected docu)ents fro) t!e 0ile E6plorer onto t!e *U Editor 1see GAddin 'ocu)ents usin 'ra C 'ropG on pa e 7$3. 'urin t!e data i)port process a file Buality c!ec7 is carried out 1see pa e 7<3. After you !a(e added docu)ents to your pro@ect+ sa(e t!e pro@ect file to any location. 4R?WECT 5 SA-E.
0i ure >/. Creatin a sin leAuser pro@ect.
Settin Up Tea) 4ro@ects

:!en &or7in in tea)s+ )ultiple scenarios are possi%le. A tea) analyDes a co))on set of docu)ents across different sites. 8nitially+ t!e docu)ents at eac! site are different. E(ery person analyDes a su% set of t!e data %efore )er in t!e *Us. A tea) analyDes a co))on set of docu)ents+ &!ic! are stored on a ser(er t!at e(eryone can access.
Co))onalities ?f Tea) 4ro@ects

Most tea) scenarios reBuire t!at one person of t!e tea) ta7es on t!e role of pro@ect ad)inistrator. T!e desi nated pro@ect ad)inistrator usually sets up t!e
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pro@ect+ distri%utes it to t!e ot!er tea) )e)%ers+ collects t!e su% pro@ects a ain and )er es t!e). Unless t!ere are ood reasons to &or7 &it! lin7ed docu)ents+ all docu)ents s!ould %e eit!er e)%edded or added to t!e tea) li%rary. 8f docu)ents are i)ported into t!e tea) li%rary+ t!e *U is )ar7ed as tea) *U 1see 0i ure 1##3.
0i ure /#. *Us t!at reference docu)ents in t!e tea) li%rary are )ar7ed as Tea) *U
?nce t!e tea) li%rary !as %een selected as location for t!e data sources+ all furt!er docu)ents t!at are added to t!e pro@ect &ill auto)atically %e i)ported into t!e tea) li%rary 1unless you e6plicitly select My Li%rary as location3. All tea) )e)%ers %est create an ATLAS.ti user account on t!eir co)puter and lo in &it! t!eir user na)e. Iou find t!e User Mana e)ent )enu under t!e Tools )enu 1see also GUser Mana e)entG on pa e 1<73.
'istri%uted Tea) :or7

Tea) 4ro@ects Usin A Co))on Set ?f 'ocu)ents Stored At 'ifferent Locations
8f initially a co))on %ody of data s!ould %e )ade a(aila%le to t!e tea)+ it is %est if one person sets up t!e pro@ect.
0i ure /1. Tea) pro@ect setup if all tea) )e)%ers access a co))on data set
Tas7s ?f T!e 4ro@ect Ad)inistrator

Create a ne& *er)eneutic Unit and add docu)ents to t!e tea) li%rary.
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'?CUMENTS 5 NE: 5 A'' '?CUMENTS 1TEAM L8,RARI3+ or dra and drop a folder 5 selected docu)ents fro) t!e 0ile E6plorer onto t!e *U Editor 1see GAddin 'ocu)ents usin 'ra C 'ropG on pa e 7$3. Sa(e t!e pro@ect file to any location. 4R?WECT 5 SA-E. Create a copy %undle file 14R?WECT 5 C?4I ,UN'LE 5 CREATE ,UN'LE3 and distri%utes it to all tea) )e)%ers 1see G*o& to Create A Copy ,undle 0ileG on pa e 1$13. As7 all tea) )e)%ers to create an ATLAS.ti user account on t!eir co)puter and to lo in. 8f your pro@ect contains lin7ed docu)ents+ t!e reco))endation is to store t!ese docu)ents in t!e sa)e folder as t!e *U file 1i.e. *U4AT*3. T!is facilitates pro@ect transfer in case you do not &ant to include t!e lar eAsiDed docu)ents in t!e %undle file. Iou can si)ply copy t!e folder t!at contains t!e *U and t!e lar eAsiDed docu)ents and pro(ide a copy of t!is folder to eac! tea) )e)%er. All ot!er docu)ents can %e transferred as usual (ia a copy %undle file.
Tas7s ?f T!e Tea) Me)%ers

Create an ATLAS.ti user account on your co)puter and lo in &it! your user na)e. Iou find t!e USER MANAGEMENT )enu under t!e T??LS )enu 1see also GUser Mana e)entG on pa e 1<73. 8nstall t!e copy %undle file t!at you recei(ed fro) t!e pro@ect ad)inistrator 1see G8nstall a ,undleG on pa e 1$23. Sa(e t!e *U under a different na)e+ e. . %y addin your na)e or initials to t!e file na)e. 4R?WECT 5 SA-E AS...
Continuous 4ro@ect :or7 1'ocu)ents Are Not Edited3

After an a reedAupon inter(al+ eac! tea) )e)%er sends t!eir &or7 to t!e pro@ect ad)inistrator for )er in . As none of t!e docu)ents &as )odified+ it is sufficient to send t!e *U files. Tas7s of t!e pro@ect ad)inistrator Mer e t!e (arious *U files you recei(e fro) t!e tea) )e)%ers 1see GMer in *er)eneutic UnitsG on pa e 1=<. Create a ne& Master *U and distri%ute t!e ne& Master file to t!e tea) )e)%ers.
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0i ure /2. Continuous process of )er in and distri%utin

Rena)e t!e ne& Master file %y addin your na)e or initials to t!e file na)e and continue your &or7.
Continuous 4ro@ect :or7 1'ocu)ents Are Edited3

4lease note+ e(en under t!e )ana ed docu)ent concept+ editin t!e sa)e data source at t&o different locations s!ould not %e allo&ed. 8f you do so any&ay+ t!is pri)ary docu)ent can no lon er %e )er ed. Iou end up &it! t&o (ersions of it.

Create a copy %undle file and send it to t!e person &!o (olunteered to %e t!e pro@ect ad)inistrator 14R?WECT 5 C?4I ,UN'LE 5 CREATE ,UN'LE3.

8nstalls all copy %undle files 14R?WECT 5 C?4I ,UN'LE 5 8NSTALL ,UN'LE3. Mer es all *Us and sa(es t!e outco)e as ne& Master *U 1see GMer in *er)eneutic UnitsG on pa e 1=<. Creates a copy %undle file and distri%utes it to all tea) )e)%ers. T!is is si)ilar to t!e process s!o&n in Error. Reference source not found.
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8nitially 'ifferent 'ocu)ents Are AnalyDed At Eac! Site Tas7s ?f T!e Tea) Me)%ers
Create an ATLAS.ti user account on your co)puter and lo in under your user na)e. Iou find t!e USER MANAGEMENT )enu under t!e T??LS )enu 1see also GUser Mana e)entG on pa e 1<73. Set up your su% pro@ect %y creatin a ne& *er)eneutic Unit and add docu)ents to t!e tea) li%rary. '?CUMENTS 5 NE: 5 A'' '?CUMENTS 1TEAM L8,RARI3+ or dra and drop a folder 5 selected docu)ents fro) t!e 0ile E6plorer onto t!e *U Editor 1see GAddin 'ocu)ents usin 'ra C 'ropG on pa e 7$3.
8f your pro@ect contains lin7ed docu)ents+ t!e reco))endation is to store t!ese docu)ents in t!e sa)e folder as t!e *U file 1i.e. *U4AT*3. T!is facilitates pro@ect transfer in case you do not &ant to include t!e lar eAsiDed docu)ents in t!e %undle file. Iou can si)ply copy t!e folder t!at contains t!e *U and t!e lar eAsiDed docu)ents and pro(ide a copy of t!is folder to eac! tea) )e)%er. All ot!er docu)ents can %e transferred as usual (ia a copy %undle file. Sa(e t!e pro@ect file to any location. 4R?WECT 5 SA-E. ,e in to &or7 on your su% pro@ect.
Continuous 4ro@ect :or7

After an a reedAupon inter(al+ eac! tea) )e)%er sends t!eir &or7 to t!e pro@ect ad)inistrator for )er in . Create a copy %undle file 14R?WECT 5 C?4I ,UN'LE 5 CREATE ,UN'LE3 and send it to t!e pro@ect ad)inistrator 1see G*o& to Create A Copy ,undle 0ileG on pa e 1$13. As )entioned %efore+ t!e pro@ect ad)inistrator can %e so)eone fro) t!e tea) &!o (olunteers to ta7e on t!e tas7 of )er in and reAdistri%utin .
Tea) 4ro@ect Setup 8f 'ifferent 'ata Sources Are AnalyDed At E(ery Site
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0i ure /$. Tea) pro@ect setup if different data sources are analyDed at e(ery site

8nstalls all copy %undle files 14R?WECT 5 C?4I ,UN'LE 5 8NSTALL ,UN'LE3. Mer es all *Us and sa(es t!e outco)e as ne& Master *U 1see GMer in *er)eneutic UnitsG on pa e 1=<. Creates a copy %undle file and distri%utes it to all tea) )e)%ers 1see

8nstall t!e copy %undle file t!at you recei(e fro) t!e pro@ect ad)inistrator 14R?WECT 5 C?4I ,UN'LE 5 8NSTALL ,UN'LE3. Rena)e t!e *U file %y addin your na)e or initials 14R?WECT 5 SA-E AS...3 Continue to &or7 on t!e pro@ect. Repeat t!e a%o(e cycle as often as necessary to co)plete t!e analysis.
Tea) 4ro@ects Usin A S!ared Location

8f all tea) )e)%ers access t!e data at a s!ared location li7e a net&or7 dri(e+ t!e tea) li%rary needs to %e set to t!e t!is location and t!e docu)ents need to %e added to t!e tea) li%rary at t!e ne& location. T!is needs to %e done %y t!e desi nated pro@ect ad)inistrator.

Select '?CUMENTS 5 'ATA S?URCE MANAGEMENT 5 ?4EN L8,RARI MANAGER. 8n t!e Li%rary Mana er+ select EETRAS 5 MANAGE L8,RARI L?CAT8?N.
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0i ure /<. T!e Mana e Li%rary &indo&
Select t!e s!ared location for t!e tea) li%rary and clic7 ?R. Iou &ill %e as7ed to restart ATLAS.ti. 8f you clic7 on t!e RESET %utton+ ATLAS.ti sets t!e location of My Li%rary or t!e Tea) Li%rary %ac7 to t!e default location.
To add docu)ents+ select '?CUMENTS 5 NE: 5 A'' '?CUMENTS 1TEAM L8,RARI3+ or dra t!e) fro) t!e 0ile E6plorer into t!e *U editor 1see GAddin 'ocu)ents usin 'ra C 'ropG on pa e 7$3. T!e *U file can %e sa(ed to any location 14R?WECT 5 SA-E3.
Send t!e ne& Master *U to all tea) )e)%ers and instruct t!e) a3 to create a user account on t!eir co)puter and %3 to reset t!e location of t!e tea) li%rary 1see %elo&3. 8f your pro@ect contains lin7ed docu)ents+ t!e reco))endation is to store t!ese docu)ents on t!e ser(er in t!e sa)e folder as t!e *U file 1i.e. *U4AT*+ see ATLAS.ti ; )anual3.

Create an ATLAS.ti user account on your co)puter and lo in under your user na)e. Iou find t!e USER MANAGEMENT )enu under t!e T??LS )enu 1see also GUser Mana e)entG on pa e 1<73. Ne6t+ set t!e location of t!e tea) li%rary to t!e s!ared location as instructed %y t!e pro@ect ad)inistrator.
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Select '?CUMENTS 5 'ATA S?URCE MANAGEMENT 5 ?4EN L8,RARI MANAGER. 8n t!e Li%rary Mana er+ select EETRAS 5 SET L8,RARI L?CAT8?N.
0i ure /=. Set Li%rary Location &indo&
Set t!e location of GTea) Li%raryH to t!e s!ared location and clic7 on t!e ?R %utton. Sa(e t!e Master *U file under a different na)e+ e. . %y addin your na)e or initial to it. T!e *U file can %e sa(ed to any location.
0i ure /;. Tea) pro@ect setup on a ser(er
Ma7e a copy of t!e Master *U and rena)e it+ e. . %y addin your na)e or initial to t!e file na)e. T!e *U file can %e stored at any location+ eit!er locally or on t!e ser(er as &ell+ unless t!e pro@ect contains lin7ed docu)ents t!at are stored on t!e ser(er. 8n t!e latter case+ t!e *U files s!ould re)ain on t!e ser(er in t!e sa)e folder as t!e docu)ents.
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Editin pri)ary docu)ents can %e allo&ed as for ser(erA%ased pro@ects+ ATLAS.ti controls t!e process. 'ocu)ents can only %e edited %y one person at a ti)e. 8f a )odified docu)ent is loaded %y ot!er tea) )e)%er later+ t!e codin s in t!eir *Us are ad@usted auto)atically 1see GEditin 4ri)ary 'ocu)ents in Tea) 4ro@ectsG on pa e 1<<.
Continuous 4ro@ect :or7

After an a reed upon inter(al+ t!e pro@ect ad)inistrator )er es t!e *Us of t!e tea) )e)%ers. 8f tea) )e)%ers store t!eir *U files locally+ t!ey s!ould )o(e t!e) to t!e ser(er 1see 0i ure /7 %elo&3.

Mer e t!e (arious *U files Create a ne& Master *U and sa(e it at at t!e s!ared location under a ne& na)e+ e. .+ %y addin t!e date. T!e old Master *U can %e )o(ed to a %ac7up folder.

Ma7e a copy of t!e ne& Master file+ rena)e it %y addin your na)e or initial and continue your &or7.
0i ure /7. Mer in and distri%utin ser(er %ased tea) pro@ects
M8GRAT8NG ATLAS.T8 = AN' ; 4R?WECTS
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Mi ratin ATLAS.ti = And ; 4ro@ects
Co)pati%ility %et&een ATLAS.ti -ersion = + ; and 7 pro@ects. 8f you sa(e your pro@ect in ATLAS.ti 7 t!e file is sa(ed as .!pr7 file. T!us+ (ersion = or (ersion ; pro@ect files &ill not %e o(er&ritten. *o&e(er+ a !pr7 file cannot %e read %y older (ersion of ATLAS.ti. 8t is not possi%le to sa(e a file as .!pr; or .!pr= file in -ersion 7. 8n ot!er &ords+ ATLAS.ti is up&ard %ut not do&n&ard co)pati%le.
Mi ratin ATLAS.ti = And ; Sin leAUser 4ro@ects To ATLAS.ti 7

?pen an ATLAS.ti = or ; pro@ect in (ersion 7. Iou &ill see t!e follo&in )essa e.
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0i ure />. 8n(itation to turn o(er data )ana e)ent to ATLAS.ti
Select t!e first option to i)port all docu)ents. T!e con(ersion process starts and )ay ta7e up to a fe& )inutes dependin on t!e nu)%er of pri)ary docu)ents in your pro@ect. 'urin t!e i)port process+ a Buality c!ec7 ta7es place 1see G0ile 2uality C!ec7G on pa e 7<3. 0i6 pro%le)s as necessary. ?nce t!is process is finis!ed+ you &ill see t!e follo&in )essa e.
0i ure //. 'ialo infor)in you a%out t!e nu)%er of docu)ents t!at !a(e %een added to t!e li%rary.
Clic7 on t!e ?R %utton and sa(e t!e *U. 8t is not necessary to c!an e t!e file na)e if you &ant to 7eep your old (ersion. ATLAS.ti si)ply adds a ne& file e6tension 1!pr73. Iour (ersion ; file re)ains untouc!ed.
0i ure 1##. 'isplay of ATLAS.ti 7 file in 0ile E6plorer
121
Mi ratin -ersion = And ; Tea) 4ro@ects To ATLAS.ti 7

Tea) Me)%ers :or7 :it! 'ifferent 'ocu)ents At 'ifferent Locations
8f all tea) )e)%ers &or7 &it! a different set of docu)ents+ t!ey can open t!eir ATLAS.ti ; *Us in -ersion 7 and allo& ATLAS.ti to i)port all docu)ents into t!e tea) li%rary 1see Error. Reference source not found3.
Co))on Set ?f 'ocu)ents Stored At A S!ared Locations

See 0i ure // for a depiction of t!e &or7Aflo&.

?pen t!e ATLAS.ti =5; *Us of t!e (arious tea) )e)%ers in ATLAS.ti 7+ i)port all docu)ents into t!e tea) li%rary 1see 0i ure 1#13 and sa(e t!e files as ATLAS.ti 7 *Us.
0i ure 1#1. 4ro@ect )i ration for tea) pro@ects if docu)ents are stored at a s!ared location
Mer e t!e ATLAS.ti 7 *Us and create a ne& Master pro@ect file 14R?WECT 5 MERGE :8T* *U3. No& t!e tea) li%rary needs to %e )o(ed %y t!e pro@ect ad)inistrator 1you3 to a location t!at can %e accessed %y all tea) )e)%ers. T!e steps are.
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Select '?CUMENTS 5 'ATA S?URCE MANAGEMENT 5 ?4EN L8,RARI MANAGER. 8n t!e Li%rary Mana er+ select EETRAS 5 MANAGE L8,RARI L?CAT8?N.
0i ure 1#2. T!e Mana e Li%rary &indo&
Select t!e appropriate location for t!e tea) li%rary and clic7 ?R. Iou &ill %e as7ed to restart ATLAS.ti. 'urin t!is process all docu)ents are )o(ed to t!e ne& location. 8f you clic7 on t!e RESET %utton+ ATLAS.ti sets t!e location of My Li%rary or t!e Tea) Li%rary %ac7 to t!e default location. Send t!e ne& Master *U to all tea) )e)%ers and instruct t!e) to reset t!e location of t!e tea) li%rary 1see %elo&3.

T!e tea) )e)%ers need to set t!e location of t!e tea) li%rary to t!e s!ared location as instructed %y t!e pro@ect ad)inistrator. Select '?CUMENTS 5 'ATA S?URCE MANAGEMENT 5 ?4EN L8,RARI MANAGER. 8n t!e Li%rary Mana er+ select EETRAS 5 SET L8,RARI L?CAT8?N.
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0i ure 1#$. Set Li%rary Location &indo&
Set t!e location of GTea) Li%raryH to t!e s!ared location and clic7 on t!e ?R %utton. Sa(e t!e Master *U file under a different na)e+ e. . %y addin your na)e or initial to it. T!e *U file can %e sa(ed to any location.
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0i ure 1#<. :or7 flo& for tea) pro@ect )i ration if a co))on data set is stored at a s!ared location
Co))on Set ?f 'ocu)ents Stored At 'ifferent Locations

See 0i ure 11$ for a depiction of t!e &or7Aflo&.
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?ption A. Tea) )e)%ers create a copy %undle file in ATLAS.ti ; %efore up radin to ATLAS.ti 7 and send it to t!e pro@ect ad)inistrator. ?ption ,. Tea) )e)%ers open t!eir ATLAS.ti ; *U in -ersion 7 %ut do not allo& ATLAS.ti to i)port t!e docu)ents 1see 0i ure 1#=3.T!ey need to select option $. 'o not )ana e t!is *er)eneutic Unit.
0i ure 1#=. :!en )i ratin distri%uted tea) pro@ects+ initially do not allo& ATLAS.ti to )ana e your docu)ents
T!en t!ey create a copy %undle file and send it to t!e pro@ect ad)inistrator.

T!e pro@ect ad)inistrator first installs t!e copy %undle files+ )er es all *Us and t!en consolidates t!e docu)ents into t!e tea) li%rary. 'ou%leAclic7 t!e ATLAS.ti 7 copy %undle file9 or if you recei(ed ATLAS.ti ; %undle files+ select 4R?WECT 5 C?4I ,UN'LE 5 8NSTALL ,UN'LE. Clic7 on t!e %utton Un%undle. :!en you are as7ed &!et!er ATLAS.ti s!ould )ana e t!e docu)ents for you+ select t!e second option 'o not )ana e t!is *er)eneutic Unit no& 1see Error. Reference source not found a%o(e3. Sa(e t!e *U 14R?WECT 5 SA-E3. Repeat t!is for all copy %undle files. Mer e all ATLAS.ti 7 *Us and create a ne& Master file 14R?WECT 5 MERGE :8T* *U3. See also pa e 1=<. T!is ne& Master file can no& %e turned into a )ana ed pro@ect.
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0i ure 1#;. Consolidate un)ana ed docu)ents &!en transferrin tea) pro@ects
To to t!is+ select 4R?WECT 5 C?NS?L8'ATE '?CUMENTS.... Select t!e second option G?pti)iDe for tea)sH and sa(e t!e *U. T!is )eans all docu)ents &ill %e i)ported into t!e tea) li%rary and t!e *U &ill %e set as tea) *U 1see 0i ure <=3. Sa(e t!e *U. Ne6t+ create a copy %undle file 14R?WECT 5 C?4I ,UN'LE 5 CREATE ,UN'LE3 and distri%ute t!e %undle to all tea) )e)%ers.

Tea) )e)%ers install t!e copy %undle file 14R?WECT 5 C?4I ,UN'LE 5 8NSTALL ,UN'LE3. T!en t!ey sa(e t!e *U under a different na)e+ e. . %y addin t!eir na)e or initial to it. T!e *U file can %e sa(ed to any location.
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0i ure 1#7. :or7 flo& for distri%uted tea) pro@ects &or7in on a co))on set of data
4R?WECT ,ACRU4 AN' TRANS0ER
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4ro@ect ,ac7up And Transfer
4lease also see t!e follo&in docu)ent su))ariDin all &!at you need to 7no& a%out pro@ect %ac7up. !ttp.55do&nloads.atlasti.co)5docs5!o&toP(7Ppro@ectP%ac7up.pdf
,ac7up Copies
T!e default settin is t!at ATLAS.ti creates a %ac7up copy of an e6istin *U %efore o(er&ritin it on sa(e. Backup files can be distinguished from their original by a name prefix: For file Sample.hpr7 a backup file backup of Sample.hpr7 ould be created. To c!an e t!e default settin + select T??LS 5 4RE0ERENCES 5 GENERAL 4RE0ERENCES+ Ta%. ST?RAGE fro) t!e )ain )enu+ or clic7 on t!e 4reference %utton in t!e )ain tool %ar.
Cras! Reco(ery. Auto)atic ,ac7up

Reep %ot! t!e re ular %ac7up and t!e auto)atic reco(ery %ac7up onJ
As G%ac7up of ..H files are only created fro) t!e pre(ious *U &!en sa(in t!e current *U+ t!is functionality &ould not protect you fro) losin t!e &or7 you co)pleted since t!e last sa(e in t!e e(ent of a%nor)al ter)ination of t!e pro ra)+ e. .+ caused %y syste) cras!es or po&er failures. 0or suc! situations+ an auto)atic periodic %ac7up feature is pro(ided t!at &ill store reco(ery infor)ation e(ery 2# )inutes 1or a period of ti)e you can set (ia T??LS 5 4RE0ERENCES 5 GENERAL 4RE0ERENCES+ Ta%. ST?RAGE. 8t is stron ly reco))ended to 7eep t!is feature on. S!ould ATLAS.ti or :indo&s cras! or in any ot!er &ay %e ter)inated irre ularly+ t!e a)ount of &or7 lost is only t!e &or7 conducted since t!e last reco(ery %ac7up 1or re ular sa(e3. :!en Buittin ATLAS.ti or after sa(in t!e *U+ t!e reco(ery %ac7up file is re)o(ed auto)atically.
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8f you e6perience lon delays at t!e sc!eduled autoAsa(in ti)es &!en &or7in &it! lar e *Us+ increase t!e ti)e inter(als rat!er t!an turnin t!is option offJ :!en you restart ATLAS.ti after a cras!+ it &ill as7 you if you &ant to load a reco(ery %ac7up of your *U if t!is %ac7up is indeed ne&er t!an t!e one you last sa(ed. Any pendin c!an es in open te6t or Net&or7 Editors are not sa(ed %y t!e reco(ery %ac7up feature. Sa(in suc! c!an es fro) ti)e to ti)e &ill preser(e t!ese c!an es.
Copy ,undle F Mi ratin And ,ac7in Up 4ro@ects

T!e Copy ,undle function lets you )a7e a copy of your entire pro@ect+ i.e. t!e *U and all associated files+ pac7ed as a sin le file. As suc!+ it ser(es a dual purpose. 4orta%ility 1to transfer a pro@ect to anot!er location3+ and data security 1a po&erful %ac7up C restore de(ice3. Copy ,undle is a po&erful tool. ,y inspectin t!e *U+ it finds and collects all files t!at )a7e up t!e pro@ect. 8t c!ec7s t!e accessi%ility of t!e data sources and pro(ides feed%ac7 in pro%le)atic situations. 0ro) all t!e pro@ect files it co)piles a sin le co)pressed file. ?n a tar et co)puter+ Ginstallin H a %undle distri%utes t!e *U+ t!e data source files+ and all associated files to appropriate location1s3. Copy %undle files can %e reco niDed %y a special icon 1an ATLAS.ti pro@ect in a %o63 and t!e file e6tension atlc% 1see 0i ure 1#>3.
0i ure 1#>. 0ile e6tension and icon for ATLAS.ti 7 copy %undle files
T!e Copy ,undle Tool

Under 4R?WECT 5 C?4I ,UN'LE+ you find t&o functions. ?ne to create a %undle and t!e ot!er to unpac7 or GinstallH a %undle. T!e t&o procedures are e6plained %elo&. To support old !a%its+ t!e copy %undle tool is still a(aila%le fro) t!e T??LS )enu .A3 T!ere are t&o options to sa(e a pro@ect as copy %undle file and to unpac7 a copy %undle file. Iou find %ot! options under t!e 4R?WECT )enu.
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A copy %undle file contains your *U plus all data sources t!at you !a(e added to your ATLAS.ti pro@ect. 8t is t!e %est and safest &ay to sa(e your pro@ect. 8f you &ant to !a(e a full %ac7up of your pro@ect on an e6ternal dri(e or anot!er co)puter+ use t!e Copy ,undle toolAAsa(in t!e *U file alone is not sufficient for secure stora e. T!e *U file represents your entire pro@ect only in rare cases 1i. e. only if you &or7 e6clusi(ely &it! internal docu)ents3. 8n t!e (ast )a@ority of cases you &ill need a copy %undle file to %ac7up or to transfer your pro@ect in its entirety. T!e %undle tool is separated into t&o list panes and one report pane 1see 0i ure 1#/ %elo&3. ,efore creatin a copy %undle file+ you can specifically e6clude docu)ents t!at s!ould not %e in t!e %undle+ e. .+ unc!an ed 1or e(en nonAedita%le3 lar e docu)ents 1e. .+ (ideo+ audio files3 t!at !a(e already %een carried to t!e tar et syste) (ia ot!er )eans or &it! a pre(ious Copy ,undle.
0i ure 1#/. Copy ,undle :indo&. 4ac7 C Go
T!e first list s!o&s all docu)ents t!at &ill %e included in t!e %undle. T!e second list pane diplays all docu)ents t!at cannot %e %undled. T!is list displays docu)ents t!at are e6cluded %y t!e syste) %ecause of an irresol(a%le conflict. 8f all 4's in t!e *U can %e displayed in t!e *U Editor+ t!ere s!ould %e no conflict &!en %undlin t!e *U. T!e follo&in conflicts )ay occur. Source Missin Conflict. T!e docu)ent does not e6ist. Source Unusa%le Conflict 1only applies to lin7ed docu)ents3. T!e docu)ent cannot %e loaded. 4ossi%le cause. A lin7ed docu)ent &as )anually copied fro) anot!er location &it!out its associated L?G file usin :indo&s copy )et!od. 4' Source Conflict 1only applies to lin7ed docu)ents3. Mis)atc! %et&een 4' and its source. T!is i)plies t!at a lin7ed data source is not t!e one t!at is
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e6pected %y t!e 4'. 4ossi%le causes. )appin c!an ed+ data source &as replaced %y anot!er file+ L?G file &as edited )anually. A)%i uous Reference Conflict 1only applies to lin7ed docu)ents3 . A lin7ed data source is used %y )ore t!an one 4' %ut &as assi ned usin different pat!s. Report. 8n t!e report pane+ t!e situation %efore creatin t!e copy %undle file is su))ariDed. T!is includes a list of all e6cluded docu)ents and t!e reason for t!eir e6clusion.
*o& To Create A Copy ,undle 0ile

Sa(e t!e *U. Select 4R?WECT 5 SA-E C?4I ,UN'LE fro) t!e )ain )enu. T!e Copy ,undle &indo& opens. All docu)ents t!at can %e %undled are listed in t!e top ri !t pane.
0i ure 11#. Copy ,undle F Sa(e5Unpac7
To e6clude docu)ents+ deselect docu)ents %y clic7in on t!e c!ec7 %o6es or set a 4' fa)ily as filter %efore openin t!e copy %undle &indo& 1see GUsin 0a)ilies as 0iltersG on pa e 2$13. C!ec7 t!e pane on t!e %otto) left for pro%le)atic docu)ents. 8f so)e are listed+ try to resol(e t!e conflict 1see GConflict Color Code G+ pa e 1$<. C!ec7 t!e report pane. 8f e(eryt!in is as it s!ould %e+ clic7 t!e CREATE ,UN'LE %utton. A standard file dialo &indo& opens. Enter a na)e for t!e %undle file or accept t!e su ested file na)e. T!e file e6tension atlc% 1for ATLAS.ti copy %undle3 is auto)atically appended. Clic7 Sa(e. ,y default+ t!e file is sa(ed in t!e sa)e folder as t!e *U file.
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8nstall A ,undle
To unpac7 t!e copy %undle file on a tar et co)puter+ it needs to %e \installedL. T!e 8nstall ,undle dialo %o6 loo7s as follo&s.
0i ure 111. Copy ,undle 8nstall &indo&
Un%undlin Strate ies

KUn%undlin K is t!e ter) &e !a(e adopted for unpac7in 1or e6tractin 3 t!e co)pressed arc!i(e containin t!e *U and its associated files at t!e ne& location. T!e installation of a %undle on t!e sa)e or a different co)puter can %e done usin t&o sli !tly different strate ies. Mi rate and Restore. M8GRATE
C!oose t!e GMi rateH strate y &!en )o(in pro@ects %et&een t&o &or7 locations.
T!e KMi rateK strate y assu)es t!at t!e %undle is to %e installed on anot!er co)puter or anot!er dis7 in order to resu)e &or7 at t!is different location. T!e tar et pat! for t!e *U can %e freely c!osen. :!en c!ec7in for conflicts+ t!is strate y accepts t!at older (ersions of data source files are replaced %y ne&er (ersions. 8f a docu)ent in t!e %undle is older t!an an e6istin one at t!e ne& location+ it &ill not %e un%undled. T!is pre(ents a docu)ent fro) replacin a ne&er (ersion of it. REST?RE
Use t!e GRestoreH strate y &!en installin a %undle t!at &as created as %ac7up copy.
T!e KRestoreK strate y is used to restore a %undle created as a %ac7up of a pro@ect+ i.e.+ an *U and all t!e data source files referenced %y its 4's. T!is
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strate y restores t!e *U in e6actly t!e sa)e folder as at t!e ori inal location. 8t does not re@ect an atte)pt to replace a current file &it! an older (ersion F &!ic! is indeed t!e (ery nature of Grestore.H 4AT*S ,elo& t!e strate y selection section+ t!e ori inal pat! of t!e *U is displayed. A color )ar7er ne6t to t!e pat! indicates possi%le conflicts for t!is *U+ if it &ere to %e installed in t!e tar et en(iron)ent.
0i ure 112. Selectin a location for t!e *U file
Clic7 on t!e ,ro&se %utton to select t!e location &!ere t!e *U file s!ould %e stored on t!e tar et co)puter. 8f you transfer a pro@ect to a different co)puter+ )ost li7ely you &ill need to c!an e t!e location. 8f you use t!e %undle file as %ac7up and &ant to install t!e %ac7up on your co)puter+ t!ere is pro%a%ly no need to c!an e t!e location. A c!ec7 %o6 lets you e6clude t!e *U itself fro) t!e installation. ,elo& t!e *U pat!+ t!e T,4AT* of t!e tar et co)puter is displayed. T!e T,4AT* is t!e default location for storin ATLAS.ti pro@ect files and can %e set under T??LS 5 4RE0ERENCES 5 GENERAL 4RE0ERENCES+ ta%. 4at!s. T!is pane is not (isi%le in Restore )ode. T!e list of docu)ents included in t!e %undle can %e sorted &it! a clic7 on t!e colu)n !eader. T!e follo&in infor)ation is pro(ided. Na)e of t!e docu)ent Tar et location of t!e docu)ent. A field indicatin if t!is docu)ent is used &!en unpac7in t!e %undle. 8t also contains a s)all colored %o6 indicatin a possi%le conflict 1see GConflict Color Code H %elo&3. SiDe 1t!e total of t!e file siDes of t!e docu)ent file and its optional au6iliary files3. Last )odification date 'ocu)ent type
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0i ure 11$. Status report in t!e copy %undle &indo&
RE4?RT 4ANE T!e report pane in t!e lo&er ri !t of t!e 8nstall ,undle &indo& displays a dyna)ic report of t!e docu)ents a%out to %e un%undled.
Conflict Color Code

4ossi%le tar et conflicts are indicated %y t!e colored sBuare in t!e \UseL colu)n.
Color Code 'escription 'ar7 Green indiates t!at file already e6ists in t!e li%rary. T!e Tar et Location is indicated as SLocalMana edT. Light Green is on for e(ery docu)ent t!at can %e installed &it!out o(er&ritin an e6istin (ersion Yellow. A co)pati%le file &as detected9 replacin t!is file does not !ar) t!e inte rity of t!e *U. ?t!er *Us accessin t!is docu)ent &ill %e sync!roniDed &!en needed. 8f you unpac7 a docu)ent &it! t!is magenta )ar7er+ ot!er *Us &it! references to it )ay no lon er %e a%le to access it. Suc! docu)ents &ill not %e e6tracted in Mi rate )ode. Iou can+ !o&e(er+ include t!ese docu)ents in Restore )ode. Red. 8f a pat! does not e6ist on t!e tar et co)puter+ it is created &!en installin t!e %undle file if possi%le.. *o&e(er+ not e(ery pat! can %e created. 8f you install a %undle on your personal co)puter and a V dri(e is reBuired+ ATLAS.ti can not create t!is dri(e on your co)puter. 8f you see a red %o6+ you eit!er need to c!an e t!e
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location for t!e *U file in t!e *U 4at! field 1see a%o(e3+ or you need to )ap t!e pat! 1see %elo& for furt!er infor)ation3. A docu)ent is )ar7ed light green+ if an ot!er&ise irresol(a%le pat! could %e resol(ed (ia fall%ac7 redirection+ i.e. *U4AT* or T,4AT*. T!is only applies if lin7ed docu)ents are included in t!e %undle.
4at! Mappin 1?nly Needed 0or Lin7ed 'ocu)ents3

Iou need to )ap a pat!+ if t!e ori inal pat! of a file on t!e source co)puter cannot %e created on t!e tar et co)puter. T!is is li7ely to %e t!e case &!en a pro@ect &as set up &it! a%solute pat! references on a net&or7 dri(e t!at cannot %e accessed %y t!e tar et co)puter. Suc! a conflict can %e resol(ed %y )appin t!e nonAe6istin pat!. Clic7 on t!e MA4 4AT* %utton included in t!e 8nstall ,undle &indo&. T!is opens t!e 4at! Map Editor. Enter a pat! to %e )apped.
0i ure 11<. 'ocu)ent 4at! Map Editor
8nto t!e \0ro).L entry field on t!e left side of t!e 4at! Map Editor+ type in eit!er t!e full pat!+ select a pat! fro) t!e dropAdo&n list+ or clic7 on t!e file %ro&ser sy)%ol. Generally+ useful options 1nonAaccessi%le pat!s used in t!e current *U3 are already offered in t!e dropAdo&n list.
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?nce a pat! is entered or selected+ clic7 on t!e Add 4at! %utton. T!e pat! &ill %e added to t!e list of currently )apped pat!s. No& enter 1or c!oose fro) t!e dropAdo&n3 a replace)ent pat! into t!e \To.L field on t!e ri !t side of t!e 4at! Map Editor in t!e sa)e fas!ion. Clic7 on t!e Add 4at! %utton. Repeat t!e a%o(e steps for e(ery pat! to %e )apped. 4ress Apply C Close to store and acti(ate t!e ne& )appin 1s3. RE'8RECT8?N. 0ALL,ACR T!e option OAl&ays Use 0all%ac7 4at!sL is acti(ated %y default in t!e )appin tool. 8f acti(ated+ t!e follo&in !appens. all irresol(a%le files are un%undled in t!e *ULs folder+ i.e.+ t!e folder &!ere t!e *U 1*4R7 file3 is stored. See t!e ATLAS.ti -ersion ; )anual for )ore detail on lin7ed docu)ents and special pat!s li7e t!e *U and T,4AT*. 8t is %est to or aniDe pro@ects in &ays t!at use a%solute pat! references as rarely as possi%le. T!is reduces t!e need to use 4' Mappin .
*o& To 8nstall A ,undle 0ile

Select 4R?WECTS 5 C?4I ,UN'LE 5 8NSTALL ,UN'LE fro) t!e )ain )enu. 0ro) t!e file dialo select a %undle file and clic7 ?4EN 1or dou%le clic7 on a copy %undle file in t!e file e6plorer3. T!e 8nstall ,undle &indo& opens. Select a strate y for installin t!e %undle. Mi rate or Restore 1see GT!e Copy ,undle ToolH on pa e 12/3. 8f in Mi rate )ode+ select t!e tar et location for t!e *U (ia t!e G*U 4at!.H entry field. E6clude un&anted docu)ents fro) t!e *U %efore installin t!e %undle. C!ec7 for conflicts and try to resol(e t!e) 1see GConflict Color Code G on pa e 1$<3. Clic7 on t!e Un%undle %utton. :!en all files !a(e %een copied to t!eir respecti(e locations+ a )essa e pops up infor)in you t!at t!e un%undlin process is finis!ed.
E'8T8NG 4R8MARI '?CUMENTS
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Editin 4ri)ary 'ocu)ents
4's are often s!ared %et&een different pro@ects and5or users5tea) )e)%ers. A sin le file can %e in use %y )ore t!an one pro@ect.
Lin7ed docu)ents cannot %e edited in ATLAS.ti 7. 8f you &ant to edit docu)ents+ you need to add t!e) to your pro@ects as )ana ed files. ?ne of t!e core ideas of ATLAS.ti is t!at 4's are s!ared and part of an arc!i(e. As you already 7no&+ all Buotations+ codes+ and )e)os are actually not parts of 4's+ %ut are Ktransparent layersK t!at are stored &it!in t!e *U. ,ecause of t!is+ editin is %loc7ed %y default &!en you (ie& a 4' in ATLAS.ti. *o&e(er+ it )ay %e necessary to edit t!e content of a 4'. 0or instance+ transcri%ed te6ts are often loaded &it! typos and ot!er &ritin errors. 'ocu)ents )i !t not %e co)plete and te6t )ay need to %e added after t!ey &ere assi ned.
Edit )ode )ust %e acti(ely s&itc!ed on for te6tual 4's. T!is section introduces a(aila%le editin options and t!e issues to %e considered &!en editin 4's.
Clic7 t!e pencil to enter edit )ode.
T&o (ersions of a coded te6t are s!o&n in t!e fi ure %elo&. one (ersion %efore and one (ersion after an editin session. T!e added te6t is colored red. :!en &e refer to Keditin a 4'+K &e indeed )ean editin t!e content+ t!us t!e data source file on t!e co)puter !ard dis7 is )odified %y t!is procedure. A ne& para rap! &as added %et&een para rap! < and = in t!e ori inal docu)ent. As a conseBuence+ all Buotations t!at referenced para rap! = and %eyond needed to %e updated to ta7e into account t!eir ne& position. T!e Buotation startin at para rap! = 1%efore t!e editin procedure3 and its associated code !a(e s!ifted to para rap! ;. A &ord of caution is in order. E(en t!ou ! a nu)%er of safe uards are %uilt into t!e soft&are to pre(ent )isali ned codes or ot!er nuisances after an editin session+ it is still a ood idea to 7no& !o& ATLAS.ti !andles edited 4's. T!erefore+ t!e o%@ecti(e of t!is section is to infor) you a%out t!e 'os and 'onLts of editin 4's.
A po&erful c!an e )aintenance syste) records all c!an es durin an edit session in order to infor) ot!er pro@ects to update t!eir Buotations.
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0i ure 11=. 4ri)ary docu)ent+ %efore and after editin
8nside Editin 4ri)ary 'ocu)ents

2uotations are not )uc! )ore t!an a set of coordinates t!at re)e)%er t!e start and end positions of a te6t seBuence 1or a (ideo passa e+ an i)a e area+ etc.3. 2uotations are )ana ed and stored inside t!e *U. T!e actual docu)ent on t!e dis7 K7no&sK not!in of t!e references ATLAS.ti co)piles a%out it. :!at is needed to %e a%le to edit t!e content of a docu)ent and to update t!e Buotations so t!at t!ey ne(er lose t!eir correct ali n)entU ATLAS.ti needs to record e(ery c!an e t!at !as t!e capacity of )isali ned Buotations. ATLAS.ti needs to create a Klo %oo7 of c!an esK accessi%le to E-ERI *U t!at uses t!is 4'. 8t is also necessary to protect t!e docu)ent a ainst editin %y )ore t!an one user at t!e sa)e ti)e.
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T!e Edit Tool%ar

T!e Edit tool%ar pro(ides a nu)%er of options 7no&n fro) ot!er :indo&s applications. Many of t!ese options are also a(aila%le fro) t!e Edit )enu.
0i ure 11;. Edit tool%ar
T!e !i !li !t color can %e set under T??LS 5 4RE0ERENCES 5 GENERAL 4RE0ERENCES+ ta%. Te6t Editor.
*o& To Edit A 4ri)ary 'ocu)ent

Editin is only possi%le &!en lo ed into ATLAS.ti as an ATLAS.ti user &it! ad)inistrati(e ri !tsJ See GAd)inistrati(e and Standard Access Ri !tsG on pa e 1=#. Load a ric! te6t or plain te6t 4'. 8f you !a(e added doc or doc6 files to your pro@ect+ t!ey are con(erted to ric! te6t durin t!e i)port process and t!us are a(aila%le in ric! te6t for)at as &ell. Clic7 on t!e Edit %utton in t!e )ain tool%ar+ or select E'8T 5 '?CUMENT ACCESS 5 ENTER E'8T M?'E fro) t!e )ain )enu. 8f a nonAedita%le docu)ent 1e. .+ a doc5doc6 or 4'0 docu)ent3 is loaded+ t!e editin tool%ar is not a(aila%le. Edit t!e docu)ent. :!en you are done+ sa(e your c!an es and lea(e edit )ode. Clic7 t!e Edit %utton and select SA-E AN' LEA-E E'8T M?'E.
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C!an es to t!e docu)ent )ust %e e6plicitly sa(ed &!en lea(in t!e edit session.
0i ure 117. Sa(in a )odified pri)ary docu)ent
8f you lea(e t!e edit session &it!out sa(in t!e edited 4'+ t!e c!an es &ill %e discarded. T!is includes all c!an es to t!e *U caused %y t!e editin session+ e. .+ Buotations deleted+ copied+ or )o(ed %y deletin + copyin + or )o(in te6t. 8f you do not sa(e+ t!e te6t &ill re(ert to t!e state %efore t!e last edit session or &!en t!e docu)ent &as last sa(ed. 8f you c!oose SA-E ?NLI+ all )odifications are sa(ed+ a lo file is created or an e6istin one )odified and you can continue to edit t!e docu)ent. 8f you select t!e option '8SCAR' C*ANGES AN' LEA-E E'8T M?'E + t!en all c!an es are discarded and no lo file is created. 8f a lo file already e6isted+ no additional infor)ation is added to it 8f you c!oose '8SCAR' C*ANGES ?NLI+ t!e recent )odifications are dropped and t!e docu)ent is re(erted to its last sa(ed state. Since t!ere is no Undo function for docu)ent editin acti(ities+ )a7e it a !a%it to select SA-E ?NLI once in a &!ile durin t!e edit session. T!en you can re(ert to t!e last sa(ed status in case you )ade a )ista7e %y selectin '8SCAR' C*ANGES ?NLI.
Enric!in A 4lain Te6t 'ocu)ent

Sa(in a for)er plain te6t &it! for)attin does not c!an e t!e file e6tension.
8f you !a(e edited a plain te6t docu)ent and added for)attin attri%utes li7e fonts+ color+ font siDe+ %old+ italic+ e)%edded o%@ects+ etc.+ you are as7ed if you &ant to 7eep t!e for)attin infor)ation and sa(e t!e docu)ent as a ric! te6t 1rtf3 docu)ent. 8f you select No+ any features contained in t!e docu)ent %eyond plain te6t &ill %e lost. 8f you &ant to 7eep t!e ric! for)attin + you need to confir) t!e )essa e. 8f you select Ies+ t!e file &ill %e sa(ed in ric! te6t for)at alt!ou ! t!e file e6tension 1e. .+ TET3 is not c!an ed to RT0.
E)%edded ?%@ects
:!at 8s An E)%edded ?%@ectU
'ata fro) a (ariety of applications li7e :ord+ E6cel+ and 4o&er4oint can %e e)%edded &it!in a 4'Ls data source. 8n fact+ o%@ects can %e e)%edded in any ric! te6t a(aila%le in an *U+ includin )e)os and co))ents.
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*o& To E)%ed An ?%@ect

T!ere are se(eral &ays to e)%ed an o%@ect. EM,E' AN ?,WECT -8A C?4I AN' 4ASTE S4EC8AL Copy a ta%le 1or a portion of it3 in E6cel. 8n ATLAS.ti 1enter edit )ode &it!in t!e 4' area or in t!e )e)o or co))ent area3 c!oose E'8T 5 4ASTE S4EC8AL and select t!e E6cel o%@ect.
0i ure 11>. 4aste special dialo ue 1&!ic! &ill s!o& t!e lan ua e of your :indo&s syste)3
T!e list of for)ats a(aila%le in t!e 4ASTE S4EC8AL dialo )ay also contain ot!er nonAo%@ect for)ats. EM,E' AN NE: ?R EE8ST8NG ?,WECT -8A 8NSERT ?,WECT Enter edit )ode and select E'8T 5 8NSERT 5 8NSERT ?,WECT fro) t!e )ain )enu. T!e 8nsert ?%@ect dialo opens and offers all o%@ect types installed on your co)puter. *o&e(er+ not all of t!e o%@ects listed in t!e dialo )a7e sense inside a 4'. Create a ne& o%@ect. To create a ne& o%@ect select t!e o%@ect type and clic7 ?R. ,y default t!e option \Create ne& o%@ectL is acti(ated. Load an o%@ect fro) a file. Acti(ate t!e option \Create fro) fileL in t!e 8nsert ?%@ect dialo . Clic7 ?R and %ro&se for t!e file to %e inserted. 8f t!e fileLs content is not an e)%edda%le o%@ect+ an icon representation is inserted and displayed instead. 8nsertin an o%@ect fro) a file is not t!e sa)e as 8NSERT 5 8NSERT 08LE+ &!ic! appends t!e usually te6tual contents of a file at t!e cursor position.
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8f you c!oose to lin7 t!e o%@ect+ it &ill also %e inserted+ %ut &it! a si nificant difference. Lin7ed o%@ects. A lin7ed o%@ect 7eeps a reference to t!e ori inal file. :!en you edit t!e ori inal E6cel ta%le+ t!e c!an es &ill %e &ritten to t!e E6cel file and &ill %e updated in ALL docu)ents &!ere t!is o%@ect &as e)%edded. ,ecause of t!is+ inAplace acti(ation is not a(aila%le and t!e ori inal application is launc!ed &!en dou%leAclic7in t!e o%@ect. An o%@ect inserted &it!out c!ec7in t!e lin7 option is fully e)%edded and !as no reference to t!e file fro) &!ic! it ori inated. Editin t!is o%@ect &ill only )odify t!is copy of t!e o%@ect.
Codin E)%edded ?%@ects

E(ery o%@ect is treated as a sin le c!aracter &!en it co)es to selectin and codin it in ATLAS.ti. Iou cannot GenterH an o%@ect in order to select and code parts of it 1e. .+ a sin le cell inside an E6celc spreads!eet or a rap!ic inside a 4o&er4ointc slide3. *o&e(er+ for so)e o%@ects+ selectin a )ore suita%le for)at fro) t!e list presented %y 4aste Special 1see also GE)%ed an ?%@ect (ia Copy and 4aste SpecialH on pa e 1<13 )ay %e t!e solution. 0or instance+ an E6cel ta%le is also offered as Ric! Te6t. 8t &onLt loo7 as neat as t!e ori inal E6cel o%@ect %ut you can select and code a sin le cell or se(eral cells of t!e spreads!eet. T!e sa)e E6cel ta%le selection pasted into a docu)ent as as an E6cel o%@ect and as Ric! Te6t.
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0i ure 11/. Codin e)%edded o%@ects as co)pared to inserted te6t
T!e )ar in s!o&s se(eral codes for t!e Ric! Te6t (ersion and only one code for t!e o%@ect (ersion %elo&.
Editin E)%edded ?%@ects

To edit an e)%edded or lin7ed o%@ect. Enter Edit )ode and dou%leAclic7 t!e o%@ect.
8diosyncrasies
?%@ects can %e acti(ated and edited &it!out t!e 4' %ein in edit )ode. Suc! c!an es are not per)anent.
Acti(atin an e)%edded o%@ect is possi%le e(en &!en t!e e)%eddin 4' is not currently in edit )ode. 0or e6a)ple+ you )ay &ant to play a (ideo or recalculate a ran e of cells &it!out )a7in suc! c!an es per)anent. 8f you &ant to )a7e c!an es and preser(e t!e c!an es applied to an o%@ect in t!e ATLAS.ti *U+ you need to enter edit )ode %efore editin t!e o%@ect. After deacti(atin an acti(e o%@ect %y clic7in outside its %order+ you )i !t find t!at t!e o%@ect !as re(erted to its ori inal siDe. ResiDin an o%@ect can only %e done %y ra%%in its selection fra)e at any resiDe !andle e6cept t!ose located on t!e fra)eLs ri !t %order. To et enou ! space to t!e left you )i !t &ant to center or ri !tAali n t!e o%@ect %efore resiDin .
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Editin 4ri)ary 'ocu)ents 8n Tea) 4ro@ects

Editin in tea) situations needs to %e ti !tly controlled in order to not loose t!e inte rity of t!e (arious *U file in(ol(ed. 8f tea) )e)%ers &or7 at different locations and store data locally+ t!e %est solution is to restrict editin to t!e pro@ect ad)inistrator. 0or details on !o& to setup and )ana e tea) pro@ects see GA%out t!is ManualSettin up Tea) 4ro@ectsG on pa e 11#. 8f t!e tea) pro@ect is set up in &ay t!at all tea) )e)%ers access t!e data on a a ser(er 1see e6a)ple %elo&3+ ATLAS.ti controls t!e editin process. LetLs assu)e you &or7 in a tea) of fi(e people. Eac! of you is located in a separate office or at different eo rap!ical locations. All of you &or7 on t!e sa)e pro@ect and analyDe t!e sa)e pool of data source files. As s!o&n in t!e fi ure %elo&+ all data source files are located on a net&or7 dri(e and are s!ared %y all tea) )e)%ers.
:!ile t!e data sources referenced %y an *U can %e s!ared %y )ultiple users+ *Us cannot %e &or7ed on concurrently. T!erefore+ eac! tea) )e)%er &or7s on !er \o&nL *U. T!e &or7 can t!en %e co)%ined usin t!e ATLAS.ti Mer e feature.
0i ure 12#. Editin in a tea) situation
8t is Monday )ornin at / a.). 4eter+ To)+ and A nes are currently &or7in on t!e ATLAS.ti pro@ect. A nes &or7s &it! 4'<. S!e reads t!rou ! it+ codes it+ and &rites a fe& )e)os. 4eter no& also &ants to loo7 at t!e docu)ent. *e loads t!e docu)ent into !is *U+ c!ec7s a fe& t!in s+ and codes a fe& )ore data se )ents. T!en !e continues to &or7 on 4=. A nes continues !er &or7 on 4<. :!ile readin t!rou ! it+ s!e reco niDes t!at so)e places are not anony)iDed and &ants to correct it. 8n order to do so+ s!e enters edit )ode. S!e can !o&e(er only do so+ if no one else is currently (ie&in t!e docu)ent. 8f t!is &ere t!e case+ t!e follo&in )essa e pops up.
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0i ure 121. Editin is only possi%le if no one else is (ie&in t!e docu)ent
As t!is is not t!e case+ A nes can enter edit )ode. :!ile A nes is editin t!e docu)ent+ To) &ants to do so)e &or7 on 4<. *e can !o&e(er not load t!e docu)ent. 8nstead !e sees t!e follo&in )essa e.
0i ure 122. Ser(er )essa e infor)in users t!at a pri)ary docu)ent is currently edited
A nes corrects t!e docu)ent and lea(es edit )ode and sa(es t!e c!an es )ade in t!e source file of 4<. To) tries to accesses 4< a %it later. *e recei(es a )essa e statin t!at c!an es !a(e %een detected in 4< and t!at all 4's usin t!is data source need to %e sync!roniDed. 8n order to load t!e docu)ent+ To) needs to confir) t!is )essa e. 8f !e clic7s N?+ !e &ill not %e a%le to load t!e docu)ent until !e confir)s t!e sync!roniDation. Modified 4's can only %e loaded after all necessary ali n)ents !a(e %een processed durin t!e sync!roniDation.
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0i ure 12$. Sync!roniDin edited pri)ary docu)ents
After sync!roniDin 4<+ To) can continue to &or7 on it+ add ne& codes+ )e)os etc. *e )ay also edit t!e docu)ent. All ot!er tea) )e)%ers &ill %e infor)ed a%out any furt!er )odifications. 0or t!is reason+ t!ere is no dan er t!at t!e tea) &ill end up &it! fi(e different (ersions of t!e docu)ent. 'ue to ATLAS.tiLs content sur(eillance syste)+ eac! tea) )e)%er &or7s &it! t!e )ost upAtoAdate (ersion of t!e docu)ent. T!e only t!in t!at re)ains to %e done is to )er e t!e *Us fro) all fi(e tea) )e)%ers fro) ti)e to ti)e+ so t!at all codin and ot!er &or7 perfor)ed on t!e data is @oined to et!er. See pa e 1=< furt!er detail on )er in *Us.
Trou%leAS!ootin . 4ro%le)s :it! Loadin An Edited 'ocu)ent

As e6plained a%o(e+ ATLAS.ti needs to 7eep trac7 of t!e c!an es you )a7e to a docu)ent in order to %e a%le to ad@ust t!e Buotations and coded se )ents accordin ly. 8t does not only 7eep trac7 of t!e latest c!an es %ut also stores a nu)%er of re(isions files so t!at it is possi%le to re(ert to a pre(ious (ersion in case a )odified docu)ent can no lon er %e loaded. :it! proper !andlin of your pro@ect+ t!ere s!ould ne(er %een a issue 1e. . if you al&ays !a(e a copy %undle file of your latest pro@ect (ersion3. *o&e(er+ tec!nolo y 1and users3 can %e unpredicta%le. 8f a !ard dis7 fails+ for e6a)ple+ files )i !t %e destroyed or no lon er &or7 properly. Users )ay et )i6ed up &it! different (ersions+ and )ista7es )ay occur alon t!e &ay durin t!e process of )er in and transferrin pro@ects. So)eti)es it is difficult to reconstruct t!e !istory of &!at !appened. 4lease do consult t!e !elp des7 if you are in a situation li7e t!at. T!ey &ill !elp you to sort it out as %est as possi%le. 8f you can no lon er open an edited docu)ent and ATLAS.ti tells you t!at t!e latest re(ision file is )issin + ri !tAclic7 on t!e docu)ent in t!e 4'ocs Mana er and select t!e option 'ATA S?URCE MANAGEMENT 5 RESET T? LAST -AL8' RE-8S8?N. T!is still can )ean t!at so)e of t!e coded se )ents !a(e s!ifted and t!at you need to ad@ust t!e) )anually. *o&e(er+ t!is is pro%a%ly %etter t!an !a(in to start fro) scratc! a ain.
USER MANAGEMENT
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User Mana e)ent
Colla%oration or )ultiAaut!orin )eans t!at )ore t!an one aut!or )ay &or7 on an ATLAS.ti pro@ect at different ti)es. ATLAS.ti supports t!is tea)&or7 %y syste)atically 7eepin trac7 of eac! aut!orOs productions. E(ery o%@ect created+ includin t!e *er)eneutic Unit itself+ is auto)atically sta)ped &it! a date+ ti)e+ and aut!or. T!is identification of t!e aut!or is &!at )a7es t!e lo in process upon syste) start necessary 1&!ic! %y default proceeds auto)atically3. Si)ultaneous colla%oration is not supported+ so only one person can &or7 on a specific *er)eneutic Unit at a ti)e. ,y default+ only t!e aut!or &!o created t!e *er)eneutic Unit 1t!e o&ner or ori inal aut!or3+ is aut!oriDed to load+ read+ and edit t!e *er)eneutic Unit. Lettin ot!ers participate in creatin a *er)eneutic Unit reBuires a fe& %ureaucratic ad@ust)ents9 one of &!ic! is t!e definition of users. T!e si)ple concept of t!e ATLAS.ti user )ana e)ent allo&s all data t!at &ill %e s!ared %y different users to %e placed in pu%licly accessi%le directories. ,ut e(en &it! t!e *er)eneutic Units stored in a pu%lic directory+ access can %e restricted to t!e aut!or. 8n ot!er &ords+ *er)eneutic Units can eit!er %e pri(ate or pu%lic. T!e default settin is pu%lic. 8f set to pri(ate+ ot!er users can %e defined as coAaut!ors for t!is *er)eneutic Unit 1see GAccess Ri !ts for t!e *UG on pa e 1=13.
ATLAS.tiOs user data%ase is independent of t!e account data%ase in a local area net&or7 or your :indo&s lo Ain na)e.
0i ure 12<. User Mana e)ent su% )enu
To 7eep it si)ple+ it is %est to lea(e t!e default settin to pu%lic access and to allo& all users to create an account &it! ad)inistrati(e ri !ts. T!ese ri !ts only apply &!en &or7in &it! ATLAS.ti. Users defined in ATLAS.ti are not necessarily t!e sa)e as :indo&s users. 0urt!er)ore+ ad)inistrati(e ri !ts assi ned to an ATLAS.ti user !a(e not!in to do &it! :indo&s user ri !ts.
Addin A Ne& User

8f you do not intend to use ATLAS.ti in a &or7 roup en(iron)ent+ t!e only procedure you )i !t &ant to 7no& is !o& to )odify t!e default account called KSuper.K
USER MANAGEMENT
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ATLAS.ti 7no&s t&o classes of users. ad)inistrators+ and all ot!ers. Ad)inistrators !a(e )ore ri !ts t!an Knor)alK users. T!e 7ey ri !ts of ad)inistrators are t!e a%ility to define ne& users+ to install ser(ice pac7s or use t!e )ore ad(anced data source )ana e)ent features. T!us+ in order to %e a%le to create ne& user accounts+ you need to %e lo ed as a user &it! ad)inistrati(e ri !ts. ,y default+ you are lo ed in as GSuperH user and t!is user !as ad)inistrati(e ri !ts. To create a ne& user account+ select T??LS 5 USER MANAGEMENT 5 USER E'8T?R fro) t!e )ain )enu. 8f t!is option is rayed out in t!e )enu+ you are lo ed in as standard user. C!oose T??LS 5 USER MANAGEMENT 5 S:8TC* USER... and lo in as Super user to %e a%le to access t!e user ad)inistration &indo&. 8n addition to %ein an ad)inistrati(e user in t!e ATLAS.ti conte6t+ you also )ust !a(e ad)inistrati(e ri !ts as a :indo&s user in order to &riteAaccess t!e user data%ase &!ic! is located in ATLAS.tiLs 4R?GRAM folder %elo& t!e 4ro ra) 0iles folder. T!is folder is usually &rite protected for nonA ad)inistrati(e users on GsecureH 1&ell+ in principle ..3 operatin syste)s li7e :indo&s E4+ :indo&s 2###+ :indo&s -ista+ :indo&s 7 etc.. 0or :indo&s -ista and :indo&s 7 users. :!en usin :indo&s -ista or :indo&s 7+ you need to run ATLAS.ti in ad)inistrati(e )ode. To do t!is+ ri !t clic7 on t!e pro ra) icon &!en you start ATLAS.ti. T!en select t!e option Run as ad)inistrator. 8f you do not see t!is option+ t!en you do not !a(e ad)inistrati(e ri !ts to your :indo&s syste). T!us+ you first need to start :indo&s &it! ad)inistrati(e ri !ts. F An alternati(e &ay to open ATLAS.ti in ad)inistrati(e )ode is %y !oldin do&n t!e Ctrl_S!ift 7ey &!ile dou%leAclic7in on t!e pro ra) icon.
USER MANAGEMENT
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0i ure 12=. User Ad)inistration Editor
T!e user ad)inistration tool allo&s you to create+ )odify and re)o(e users.
A user is c!aracteriDed %y fi(e attri%utes+ four of &!ic! you are pro)pted for in seBuence. Account na)e+ pass&ord+ last na)e+ first na)e. Account na)e. :!en &or7in &it! ATLAS.ti+ t!e account na)e !as to %e entered at lo Ain ti)e. E(ery o%@ect created+ includin t!e *er)eneutic Unit+ is sta)ped &it! t!e account na)e. 4ass&ord. A pass&ord s!ould %e at least < c!aracters 1letters+ di its+ sy)%ols3 lon + %ut s!ould not e6ceed 1# letters 1!i !er ris7 of typos3. A pass&ord can %e c!an ed later %y t!e ad)inistrator. *o&e(er+ &!en lo in in+ you are not reBuired to enter a pass&ord if t!e default settin s are 7ept 1see Rela6ed User Mana e)ent %elo&3. Last and first na)e. ,ot! na)es really !a(e no i)portant function ot!er t!en i(in t!e user a correct &elco)e. *o&e(er+ %ot! a last and a first na)e )ust %e pro(ided &!en definin a user. To add a ne& user. Select E'8T 5 NE: USER. Enter an Account na)e+ a pass&ord+ t!e last and t!e first na)e into t!e seBuence of Gpro)ptersH. After co)pletion of t!e si n up procedure+ t!e ne& entry appears in t!e list of users. T!eGAccess ri !tsH attri%ute is set to GAd)inistratorH %y default 1see GAd)inistrati(e and Standard Access Ri !tsG %elo&3. C!an e t!e access ri !ts if needed.
USER MANAGEMENT
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Ad)inistrati(e And Standard Access Ri !ts

Ad)inistrati(e ri !ts allo& you to add+ delete and c!an e users. 8n addition+ ad)inistrati(e access ri !ts are necessary if you &ant to edit pri)ary docu)ents. Users &it! standard ri !ts can only access *Us t!ey !a(e created t!e)sel(es+ or t!ose &!ere t!ere !a(e %een re istered as coAaut!or. T!ey are not allo&ed to edit pri)ary docu)ents.
Re)o(in A User
To assure t!at t!ere is at least one user &it! ad)inistrati(e pri(ile es in t!e data%ase+ any atte)pts to re)o(e all ad)inistrators is re@ected. Iou cannot+ for instance+ re)o(e t!e user &!o is lo ed in. Select t!e user to %e re)o(ed in t!e list+ ri !t clic7 and select t!e option 'ELETE USER or or select t!e correspondin )enu ite) fro) t!e E'8T )enu.
C!an in User Attri%utes

Iou can c!an e t!e account na)e+ t!e pass&ord+ t!e first and last na)es of a user and t!e access ri !ts. Ri !t clic7 on a user entry and select t!e appropriate option fro) t!e conte6t )enu+ or !i !li !t a user and select t!e correspondin )enu ite) fro) t!e E'8T )enu. !one of t!e )enu options e6cept Ne& user &ill %e a(aila%le if you select yourself in t!e list of users. 8f you need to c!an e or e(en delete your o&n account+ you need to s&itc! to a different ad)inistrati(e account 1e. . super3+ edit your nor)al account and s&itc! %ac7 a ain 1T??LS 5 USER MANAGEMENT 5 S:8TC* USER...
Sa(in T!e User 'ata%ase

After ne& definitions and )odifications+ t!e user data%ase )ust %e e6plicitly sa(ed or all c!an es &ill %e discarded. 8f you close t!e user ad)inistrator &indo& &it!out sa(in + you &ill %e pro)pted to sa(e.
,e default t!e user data %ase is stored in a file called *ERMENCR.*', in t!e ATLAS.ti pro ra) folder. T!is na)e and folder s!ould %e used+ unless you are a%out to create a copy of t!e data%ase.
To sa(e t!e user data %ase+ select 0ile 5 Sa(e fro) t!e )ain )enu in t!e User Ad)inistration &indo&.
S&itc!in Accounts
After creatin a ne& account+ t!e ne6t step is lo in under your na)e+ i.e. to s&itc! to your ne& account. Select T??LS 5 USER MANAGEMENT 5 S:8TC* USER....
USER MANAGEMENT
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0i ure 12;. Lo in :indo&
Select a user account fro) t!e dropAdo&n list. 4ass&ord. Note t!at t!e pass&ord field is rayed out and t!at you are not reBuired to enter a pass&ord. 8f you do &ant to pass&ord protect your user account+ you need to c!an e t!e rela6ed user )ana e)ent settin 1see pa e 1=$. To set a pass&ord for t!e *U+ see pa e GAccess Ri !ts for t!e *UG %elo&3. Auto)atic Lo in. 8f you are t!e only person &or7in at t!is particular co)puter 1or on a pu%lic co)puter usin a personal :indo&s user account3+ t!en t!e auto)atic lo in can re)ain acti(ated. T!is )eans t!e current lo in na)e is also used for t!e ne6t sessions. 8f )ore t!an one user &or7s on t!e sa)e co)puter+ t!en t!e auto)atic lo in s!ould %e deacti(ated. 8f deacti(ated+ t!e lo in &indo& pops up upon startAup and t!e user is pro)pted to lo in.
Access Ri !ts 0or T!e *U

To c!an e access ri !ts for a *U+ c!oose t!e option T??LS 5 USER MANAGEMENT 5 C*ANGE ACCESS R8G*TS fro) t!e )ain )enu. 0our options are offered. 4u%lic A read only. t!is c!oice lets all ot!er users load and (ie& t!e *er)eneutic Unit+ it )ay e(en %e edited+ e. . for trainin purposes+ %ut it cannot %e sa(ed to dis7. 4u%lic A read C &rite 1default3. per)its ot!er users to !a(e t!e sa)e ri !ts as t!e aut!or+ %ut not t!e a%ility to c!an e t!e access ri !ts. 4ri(ate. ,y c!oosin t!is option you can re(o7e pre(iously ranted ri !ts a ain. GSet 4ass&ordH lets you protect t!e *er)eneutic Unit a ainst loadin unless a correct pass&ord is pro(ided. Ma7e sure you re)e)%er t!e pass&ord or you &ill not %e a%le to load your o&n *er)eneutic Unit a ainJ As &it! all ot!er accessArelated options you need to sa(e t!e *er)eneutic Unit %efore any c!an es are in effect.
USER MANAGEMENT
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CoAAut!ors
To restrict access to a roup of coAaut!ors 1i. e.+ )ore t!an one aut!or3+ t!e su%A)enu T??LS 5 USER MANAGEMENT 5 C?AAUT*?RS offers t!ree options for aut!ors. add+ re)o(e+ and (ie& t!e list of coAaut!ors currently defined for t!is *er)eneutic Unit. T!is feature only )a7es sense if pu%lic access to t!e *U !as not %een ranted.
To Re ister CoAaut!ors
CoAaut!ors !a(e t!e sa)e ri !ts as t!e ori inal aut!or+ e6cept for t!e ri !t to define or re)o(e coAaut!ors+ unless !a(in ad)inistrati(e ri !ts t!e)sel(es. Select T??LS 5 USER MANAGEMENT 5 C?AAUT*?RS 5 REG8STER C?AAUT*?RS. Iou are presented t!e list of all users 7no&n to t!e syste) 1&!ic! !a(e pre(iously %een defined %y t!e ad)inistrator or t!e ori inal aut!or3.
0i ure 127. Re isterin coAaut!ors
Select one one )ore aut!ors fro) t!e list and clic7 ?R. A )essa e pops up infor)in you &!o is re istered as coAaut!ors for t!e currently loaded. *U.
To Re)o(e CoAaut!ors
Select T??LS 5 USER MANAGEMENT 5 C?AAUT*?RS 5 REM?-E C?AAUT*?RS. Iou are presented t!e list of current coAaut!ors. C!oose t!e ones to %e re)o(ed fro) t!e *er)eneutic Unit.
To 'isplay CoAaut!ors
Select T??LS 5 USER MANAGEMENT 5 C?AAUT*?RS 5 '8S4LAI C?AAUT*?RS. Iou see a list of t!e coAaut!ors currently assi ned to t!e *er)eneutic Unit.
To 0ilter ,y CoAaut!ors
To display only t!ose parts of a *er)eneutic Unit created %y a su%set of t!e coAaut!ors in(ol(ed+ c!oose t!e filterAoption C?AAUT*?RS in any of t!e ?%@ect Mana ers.
USER MANAGEMENT
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T!e User 'ata%ase

All ATLAS.ti users are catalo ed in a special Kdata%aseKAfile *ERMENCR.*',+ located in t!e ATLAS.ti syste) directory. T!is file is loaded on pro ra) startA up. Ne(er )odify t!e user data%ase file *ERMENCR.*', fro) outside ATLAS.ti+ as t!is &ill corrupt it and loc7 you out of t!e syste)J After t!e initial installation of ATLAS.ti+ t!ere is already one Kdu))yK user &it! ad)inistrator pri(ile es set up. Account N SU4ER+ pass&ord N USER. ,ecause auto)atic lo in is t!e default )ode+ it is Buite li7ely t!at you usually &or7 under t!is default account.
Creatin And :or7in :it! 'ifferent User 'ata%ases

To create a ne& data %ase+ sa(e t!e standard data %ase *ERMENCR.*', under a ne& na)e+ e. . !er)encrP2.!d%. 08LES 5 SA-E AS. Ma7e t!e desired c!an es and sa(e t!e ne& data %ase. :!en you start ATLAS.ti t!e ne6t ti)e+ t!e default user data %ase G!er)encr.!d%H is loaded. To load t!e ne&ly created user data %ase+ select 08LE 5 L?A' 'ATA,ASE.
Rela6ed User Mana e)ent

T!e default settin is Grela6ed user )ana e)entH. T!is feature re)o(es t!e pass&ord reBuire)ent for user accounts. T!e default settin can %e c!an ed %y editin t!e central confi uration file for ALL users+ ATLAS.8N8. T!is file can %e found in t!e co))on application data folder. Iou need :indo&s ad)inistrator ri !ts to %e a%le to )odify t!is file. To access t!e file for )odification.
C!an es to ATLAS.8N8 affect all co)puters in a net&or7ed en(iron)ent.
Select T??LS 5 EE4L?RER 5 C?MM?N A44L8CAT8?N 'ATA. Ma7e a %ac7up copy of ATLAS.8N8 file. ?pen it &it! a plain te6t editor 1suc! as :indo&s Notepad3. Loo7 for t!e section. Zlan[ and set t!e (aria%le Krela6edUserMana e)entK to eit!er Kena%ledK or Kdisa%led.K 8f rela6ed user )ana e)ent it disa%led+ users need to enter t!eir account pass&ord &!en lo in in. Settin s in ATLAS.ini affect all clients in a net&or7ed en(iron)ent. 0or any c!an es in ATLAS.ini to ta7e affect+ ATLAS.ti !as to %e restarted.
MERG8NG *ERMENEUT8C UN8TS
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Mer in *er)eneutic Units
T!e Mer e Tool reunites *UOs t!at &ere ori inally di(ided for analytical or econo)ical reasons. 8ts )ain purpose is t!e support of tea)s. 8t lin7s to et!er t!e contri%utions of different )e)%ers of a researc! tea). A co))on scenario is t!e analysis of different sets of docu)ents %y different tea) )e)%ers+ s!arin a co))on code %ase. ?f course+ t!e sin le researc!er can also %enefit fro) t!is function usin t!e )er e facility to !elp or aniDe lar e pro@ects.
E6a)ples ?f Application
Te6t Corpus Reuse
:it! only 4's to add and e(eryt!in else 8GN?RE' you can transfer all docu)ents fro) any *U into a fres!ly created+ or already e6istin *U. T!e 4' co))ents and any e6istin Buotations are also transferred.
T!eory 8)port
:it! only codes+ net&or7s+ and code fa)ilies selected+ a Kt!eoryK can also %e )i rated to anot!er *U. T!is is si)ilar to t!e current K8)port Net&or7sK feature+ %ut also )i rates Net&or7 -ie&s and code fa)ilies.
Tea) :or7
Add codes, unify PDs T!is &ould %e t!e strate y &!en t!e sa)e set of 4's is utiliDed %y different tea) )e)%ers usin different codes. !nify codes, add PDs 'ifferent 4's &ere distri%uted to tea) )e)%ers usin t!e sa)e set of codes+ or )ainly t!e sa)e set of codes. Codes t!at are different fro) t!e co))on set are not lost %ut added.
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Main Concepts ?f Mer in

Tar et And Source *Us
T!e )ain concepts in Mer e are t!e Tar et *U and t!e Source *U. T!e Tar et *U is t!e *U into &!ic! anot!er Source *U is )er ed. T!e tar et *U !as to %e loaded into t!e *U Editor %efore in(o7in t!e Mer e *Us option. 8t is ad(isa%le to store t!e tar et *U under a different na)e %efore startin t!e )er e procedure. To pre(ent accidental o(er&rite of an e6istin *U+ you )ay create a ne& *U first+ and t!en )er e t!e t&o *Us consecuti(ely into t!is *U. *o&e(er+ t!is approac! ta7es t&o )er e steps.
Mer e Strate ies

T!ree Kstrate iesK can %e c!osen for t!e processin of e(ery o%@ect cate ory. T!ese are KAdd+K KUnify+K and K8 nore.K T!e o%@ect cate ories t!at can %e processed &it!in t!e *U are 4's+ 2uotations+ Codes+ Me)os+ 4' 0a)ilies+ Code 0a)ilies+ Me)o 0a)ilies+ and Net&or7 -ie&s. Add T!e o%@ects of t!is cate ory are added to t!e tar et *U. 8f an identical o%@ect is found in t!e tar et+ t!e added o%@ect &ill et a ne& na)e consistin of t!e ori inal na)e plus t!e suffi6 KPnu)%erK. A ne& nu)%er is added until t!e na)e of t!e o%@ect is uniBue. 0or instance+ if a code KAlc!e)yK already e6ists in t!e tar et+ t!e source (ersion of KAlc!e)yK is rena)ed to KAlc!e)yP1K. !nify Searc!es for correspondin o%@ects in t!e tar et *U. 8f suc! an o%@ect is found+ all attri%utes of t!e source o%@ect are Kin!eritedK %y t!e tar et o%@ect. A correspondin Buotation is one t!at resides in t!e correspondin pri)ary docu)ent AN' t!at !as t!e sa)e start and end position. 8n t!is procedure+ attention is paid to de(iations %et&een t&o 4's to %e )er ed t!at )ay result in a corrupt 4' &it! )isali ned Buotations.
T&o 4's are considered eBual for unification &!en t!ree conditions !old.
:!ile )ost ot!er o%@ects are unified (ia t!eir na)e+ 4's are treated differently. A 4' fro) t!e source *U is unified &it! a 4' fro) t!e tar et *U if t!e follo&in conditions !old. ,ot! 4's !a(e t!e sa)e 8' 1e. .+ 4 13. ,ot! 4's refer to t!e sa)e data source. 8f none of t!e 4's can access its data source+ t!e test uses 8' and re(ision eBuality only. T!us+ *U files can also %e )er ed if t!e data source files are not a(aila%le. 8f t&o 4's found to %e t!e sa)e %ut at a different re(ision status+ t!e 4' &it! t!e older re(ision status is sync!roniDed. "gnore 8nstances fro) i nored o%@ect cate ories are not transferred durin t!e )er e process. 0or a finer rained e6clusion you can use t!e Ki noreK fa)ilies option 1see ne6t3.
Use specially na)ed fa)ilies for fineA rained control o(er ite)s to %e i nored.
K8 norantK fa)ilies. To e6clude specific o%@ects fro) t!e transfer 1li7e pri(ate )e)os or test codes+ etc.3+ you &ould create a special fa)ily &it! t!e na)e K # $%RG%"G&'R%K into &!ic! you can )o(e ite)s to %e e6cluded. T!is can %e done for all t!ree fa)ily types.
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*o& To Mer e *er)eneutic Units

:!en )er in t&o *Us+ t!e Mer e :iDard uides you t!rou ! t!e procedure. 8n t!e first step+ t!e source *U is selected. Ne6t+ a )er e strate y is c!osen and possi%ly fineAtuned.
Select A Tar et And Source *U

Load t!e tar et *U. 8t is ad(isa%le to sa(e it under a different na)e+ so t!at you donLt corrupt t!e ori inal file in case so)et!in oes &ron . 0ro) t!e *U EditorLs )ain )enu+ select 4R?WECT 5 MERGE :8T* *U. Alternati(ely you can dra an *U onto t!e *U EditorLs caption !oldin do&n t!e CTRL 7ey. T!e Mer e :iDard opens+ uidin you t!rou ! t!e )er e procedure 1see fi ure 12> %elo&3. T!e first pa e of t!e Mer e :iDard displays t!e current tar et *U 1i. e.+ t!e one t!at &as loaded first3+ reBuestin you to enter t!e source *ULs file na)e.
0i ure 12>. T!e Mer e Tool A select a Source *U after loadin t!e Tar et *U
Clic7 on t!e %ro&se %utton and select a source *U fro) t!e file dialo . Clic7 t!e NEET %utton. T!e source *U is loaded and you can proceed &it! t!e ne6t step. 8f t!e )er e procedure &as initiated %y dra C drop+ t!e source *U is already entered into t!e source entry field. Iou can i))ediately proceed %y clic7in on t!e NEET %utton. Ne6t+ you need to c!oose a )er e strate y.
C!oose A Mer e Strate y

T!e second step is t!e selection of !o& t!e source *U is to %e )er ed into t!e tar et *U. 0our %road+ predefined strate ies are a(aila%le t!at can %e custo)iDed in a second step. ?%@ect classes can %e selecti(ely added+ unified+ or i nored 1see GMain Concepts ?f )er in H on pa e 1== a%o(e3.
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T!e Mer e :iDard offers a (ariety of options to set t!e )er e strate y for e(ery o%@ect type.
Select one of t!e four stoc7 strate ies. A s!ort description of t!e strate y is displayed at t!e %otto) left of t!e dialo %o6. 0ineAtune t!e strate y so it %est suits your needs. 0or all )a@or o%@ect types+ you can di(ert fro) t!e predefined stoc7 strate yand )anually define !o& t!e (arious o%@ect types are to %e !andled in t!e )er e process.
0i ure 12/. Mer e Tool. Select a stoc7 strate y and fineAtune your selection
Sa)e 4's and Codes. C!oose t!is strate y &!en 4's and codes are 1)ostly3 t!e sa)e in t!e tar et and source *U. All of t!e sa)e 4's and codes are t!en unified. 'ifferent 4's and codes &ill %e added.
T!e Mer e :iDard offers a (ariety of options to set t!e )er e strate y for e(ery o%@ect type.
Sa)e 4's F 'ifferent Codes. C!oose t!is strate y &!en tar et and source *U contain t!e sa)e 4's+ %ut different set of codes. 8f identical codes are found durin t!e )er e procedure+ t!e duplicate codes fro) t!e source *U are auto)atically rena)ed %y addin a nu)eric suffi6. ?ri inal code na)e. Alc!e)y 'uplicate code. Alc!e)yP1 'ifferent 4's A Sa)e Codes. C!oose t!is strate y &!en tar et and source *U contain different 4's t!at !a(e %een coded &it! t!e sa)e code set. T!is is a co))on situation &!en &or7in in tea)s and different tea) )e)%ers !a(e coded different 4's usin a co))on set of codes. 8f a fe& additional codes !a(e %een added to t!e co))on set+ t!ese &ill %e added. 'ifferent 4's and Codes. C!oose t!is strate y &!en %ot! 4's and codes are different. T!e 4's and codes fro) t!e source *U &ill %e added to t!e ones in t!e tar et *U. 8f identical codes are found durin t!e )er e procedure+ t!e duplicate codes fro) t!e source *U are auto)atically rena)ed %y addin a nu)eric suffi6 as s!o&n a%o(e. C!ec7 t!e option KCreate Mer e ReportK to enerate an o(er(ie& of &!at !as %een done. T!e report lists all added and unified o%@ects and t!eir old and ne& na)es. Statistics a%out t!e source and tar et *Us and t!e resultin )er ed *U are created. T!e report &ill %e opened in a ric! te6t editor after t!e )er e process is co)pleted 1see GMer e ReportH on pa e 1;# for details3.
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Clic7 08N8S* to start t!e )er e process. T!is )ay ta7e a &!ile dependin on t!e siDe of %ot! t!e tar et and source *Us and t!e strate y c!osen. T!e Unify strate y is enerally )ore consu)pti(e in processin ti)e t!an addin o%@ects. 8f you repeatedly )er e t!e sa)e *Us+ you )i !t &ant to deacti(ate t!e option GMer e Co))entsH as t!is )ay unnecessarily %lo& up t!e co))ent for any of t!e unified o%@ects and leads to duplication of entries.
Conflict Resolution 0or Lin7s

or certain entities+ a default Kconflict resolution strate yK is used. 8f t!e inclusion of o%@ects could result in t!e )odification of a Klin7K %et&een o%@ects in t!e tar et *U+ t!e tar et *U lin7 is preferred. E6a)ple. 8f t!ere is a lin7 KisA associatedA&it!K %et&een t&o codes KAlc!e)yK and KGoldK in t!e tar et *U+ and a conflictin lin7 KisAcontraryAtoK e6ists %et&een t!e correspondin source *U codes+ t!en t!e lin7 in t!e tar et *U K&insK. *o&e(er+ if no lin7 e6ists %et&een t&o o%@ects in t!e tar et *U+ t!e lin7 e6istin in t!e source *U is transferred. T!is strate y is also pursued for !yperlin7s and ot!er connections %et&een o%@ects.
0i ure 1$#. Mer in *Us. Lin7 resolution A T!e lin7 %et&een Code A and Code , in t!e tar et *U sur(i(es t!e )er e process.
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Mi ration ?f General 0eatures

CoAaut!ors are also )er ed.
T!e co))ent of t!e source *U is appended to t!e tar et+ and t!e list of coA aut!ors in t!e tar et is co)pleted &it! t!ose in t!e source *U.
Special Considerations 0or 2uotations

2uotations play a special role %ecause t!ey cannot %e !andled independent of t!e 4's. :!en 4's are i nored+ so are Buotations. :!en 4's are added+ Buotations are added. T!e interestin case is &!en 4's are unified. you can t!en select eit!er UN80I or A''.
Add Buotations if you &ant to calculate interA coderArelia%iltiy.
A''in Buotations &ill create duplicate Buotations in t!e tar et 4'+ e(en if a )atc!in Buotation already e6ists. T!is is a useful option if you &ant to calculate interAcoder relia%ility 1see CAT+ a free online tool t!at allo&s you to calculate intercoderArelia%iltiy. Iou can access t!e tool (ia *EL4 5 M?RE RES?URCES 5 T*E C?'8NG ANALIS8S T??LR8T3.
Mer in Scaled Codes

:!en (aria%le codes &it! a special na)in con(ention 1see GScaled (s. 'ic!oto)ous CodesH on pa e <#/3 are added durin t!e )er e process+ t!eir (alues are in(alidated in case of na)e clas!. T!e reason for t!is is t!at i)ported codes &it! an identical na)e are auto)atically rena)ed usin a nu)eric suffi6. Note t!at %efore applyin t!e S4SS @o% eneration feature on t!e resultin *U+ suc! codes &ould need to %e )anually rena)ed.
A 0e& Additional Considerations

Iou can unify codes+ %ut add Net&or7 -ie&s. T!is results in a ne& net&or7 containin t!e sa)e nodes as t!ose already contained in t!e tar et *UOs net&or7. Addin nodes and unifyin net&or7s could result in an e6istin Net&or7 -ie& %ein cro&ded &it! %ot! t!e nodes fro) t!e tar et and t!e source *Us.
Test )er e effects %y e6peri)entin &it! sa)ple *Us.
Unifyin Super Codes co)%ines t!eir Bueries usin t!e ?R operator. To et acBuainted to t!e effects of eit!er addin or unifyin entities+ you s!ould e6peri)ent &it! t!e (arious strate ies usin sa)ple *Us. ?%ser(e &!at !appens. ,efore )odifyin serious pro@ects+ you s!ould ain so)e understandin of !o& t!e )er in process &or7s.
After T!e Mer e

After a successful )er e operation+ so)e Kcleanin upK )i !t %eco)e necessary. 0or e6a)ple+ codes &it! different na)es %ut si)ilar )eanin 1i. e.+ synony)s3 are no& treated as distinct codes. T!ey )ay need to %e )er ed 1see GMer in CodesH on pa e 2#=3. 8t could also %e t!e case t!at you end up &it! a nu)%er of Buotations t!at o(erlap %ut are coded %y t!e sa)e code1s3. Suc! instances can %e found &it! t!e !elp of t!e Codin AnalyDer 1see GRedundant Codin AnalyDerH on pa e $7<3.
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T!e Mer e Report

8f you !a(e c!ec7ed t!e option GCreate Mer e ReportH in t!e Mer e :iDard 1default3+ a report enerator 7eeps trac7 of e(ery o%@ect affected durin t!e )er e process. T!e report displays. t!e na)e and location of t!e source and tar et *Us o%@ect statistics and )er e strate ies for source and tar et *Us added o%@ects sorted %y o%@ect type 1prefi6ed &it! a K_K3 unified o%@ects sorted %y o%@ect type 1prefi6ed &it! a KNK3 statistics for t!e resultin *U ,elo&+ e6cerpts fro) a )er e report are s!o&n resultin fro) )er in GT!e Sa)pleH *U &it! itself usin t!e strate y G'ifferent 4's Sa)e CodesH. 'urin t!is )er e+ 4's+ Buotations and 4' 0a)ilies are added9 and all codes are unified. T!e first part of t!e report pro(ides an o(er(ie& of t!e selected )er e
0i ure 1$1. 0irst part of t!e )er e report. An o(er(ie& of t!e selected )er e strate ies
strate ies.
Added ?%@ects
:!en o%@ects are added t!at !a(e identical na)es in %ot! t!e source and tar et *Us+ t!e added o%@ect is rena)ed usin an incre)ental nu)%erin sc!e)e. Note t!at t!e 4's are not rena)ed. T!is is %ecause t!e prefi6 K4 6K is a part of t!e na)e+ )a7in eBually na)ed 4's distinct.
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0i ure 1$2. Added pri)ary docu)ents usin a uniBue identifier in for) of t!e 4' nu)%er
T!e i)ported 4' fa)ilies are rena)ed usin t!e nu)eric suffi6 KP1K.
0i ure 1$$. Na)es of added pri)ary docu)ents
Unified ?%@ects
Unified codes are displayed alon &it! t!eir ne& Buotation references &it!in t!e resultin *U.
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0i ure 1$<. Report on unified codes
Statistical Su))ary
T!e statistical su))ary at t!e end of t!e report pro(ides an o(er(ie& of all
0i ure 1$=. Statistical su))ary at t!e end of t!e )er e report
o%@ect types after t!e )er e.
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0i ure 1$;. Report on unified codes
Trou%leAs!ootin After Mer in

4's Are Added Rat!er T!an Mer ed
E6planation. 8f you add docu)ents to a pro@ect+ t!e data source files are copied into t!e selected li%rary. 8n your ATLAS.ti *U you see Gpri)ary docu)entsH A t!ese can %e t!ou !t of as containers for your data source files. 8n addition to t!e reference to t!e data source+ t!ese containers !a(e a na)e+ an aut!or+ a creation and )odification date+ etc.+ %asically all t!e infor)ation you see in t!e 4'ocs Mana er. 4lus+ eac! pri)ary docu)ent 14'3 !as a uniBue fin erprint 1&!ic! you do not see3. 8t is enerated &!en addin t!e data source to an *U. T!e ad(anta e of t!is is t!at ATLAS.ti can precisely identify eac! pri)ary docu)ent and for e6a)ple t!e order of pri)ary docu)ents in your *Us do no lon er play a role &!en )er in . T!e often o(erloo7ed conseBuence+ !o&e(er+ is t!at if you add t!e sa)e data sources to a different *U 1on t!e sa)e or a different co)puter3+ t!e fin erprints &ill %e different. T!is )eans &!en )er in t!ese *Us+ ATLAS.ti does not reco niDe t!e pri)ary docu)ents as %ein t!e sa)e A due to t!eir different fin erprints A e(en t!ou ! t!eir content is t!e sa)e. :!en )er in *Us+ you do not )er e data sources. Iou )er e pri)ary docu)ent containers. Solution. As it !appens e(ery so often t!at users do not consider t!e fact t!at fin erprints are created+ &e added a ne& option to )er e pri)ary docu)ents
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in case you ended up &it! t&o 1ore )ore3 pri)ary docu)ents t!at contain t!e sa)e content instead of one after )er in *Us. ,efore e6plainin !o& t!is is done+ let us re)ind you of &!at you s!ould !a(e done to a(oid t!is un&anted outco)e .A3. ?ne person in your tea) s!ould !a(e setup t!e pro@ect addin all needed docu)ents+ creatin a copy %undle file and distri%utin t!e copy %undle file to all tea) )e)%ers. -ariations of t!is are possi%le+ e. .+ t!at t!e (arious tea) )e)%ers add '800ERENT docu)ents at different locations. :!at is co))on to all possi%le scenarios is t!at data files &it! t!e sa)e content need to %e added at one location and t!en a copy of t!e pro@ect in for) of a copy %undle file needs to %e distri%uted to e(eryone else. See also GSettin up Tea) 4ro@ectsG on pa e 11#. 8n case after )er in you ended up &it! t&o rat!er t!an one pri)ary docu)ent and you are sure t!eir content is t!e sa)e+ do t!e follo&in . Select t!e t&o pri)ary docu)ents in t!e 4ri)ary 'ocu)ent Mana er 1%y !oldin do&n t!e CtrlA7ey3. 0ro) t!e M8SCELLANE?US )enu 1)ain )enu or conte6t )enu3 select t!e option MERGE SELECTE' 4'S.
0i ure 1$7. Mer e pri)ary docu)ents
Anot!er &indo& opens. Select &!et!er you &ant to add or unify Buotations and &!et!er to )er e co))ents. 8n case you accidentally ended up &it! t&o pri)ary docu)ents for one data source+ you need to select GunifyH option. T!e GaddH option is useful if you &ant to co)pare t!e codin of t&o coders for interAcoder relia%ility purposes 1see GCalculatin 8nterACoder Relia%ility usin CATG on pa e $#<.
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0i ure 1$>. 0urt!er )er e options
Ma7e your selection and clic7 ?R.
T*E 'ATA LE-EL A ,AS8C 0UNCT8?NS
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T!e 'ata Le(el A ,asic 0unctions
As you )ay already 7no& fro) t!e c!apter on t!e )ain concepts and features 1see pa e 1$3+ t!ere are t&o principle le(els of interaction+ t!e data le(el and t!e conceptual le(el. T!e data le(el includes acti(ities li7e se )entin and or aniDin data files+ codin data se )ents+ si)ple retrie(al and &ritin )e)os+ &!ile t!e conceptual le(el focuses on as7in )ore co)ple6 Buestions a%out your data+ )odelA%uildin acti(ities+ suc! as lin7in codes to for) se)antic net&or7s. 8n t!is c!apter+ you &ill learn a%out t!e )ain procedures needed to %e in your data analysis. T!ese include !o& to )ar7+ code+ and co))ent te6t+ rap!ic+ audio and (ideo se )ents9 and !o& to &rite )e)os. 8n addition you learn a%out t!e ATLAS.ti fa)ily function. T!is is a function for roupin o%@ects+ i. e. docu)ents+ codes and )e)o+ &!ic! can t!en %e used as filters for (arious purposes.
Creatin 2uotations
T!e )ost co))on operations on pri)ary docu)ents AA especially &!en startin a pro@ect AA are selectin data sections+ assi nin codes and5or )e)os to t!e). Mar7in a se )ent does not %y itself create a Buotation+ t!ou ! t!is is often t!e (ery ne6t step after )a7in a selection.
Creatin And :or7in :it! Te6tual And 4'0 2uotations

-ideo tutorial. !ttp.55&&&.youtu%e.co)5&atc!U(N%U;nuAa:!IM 8n t!e )a@ority of cases+ creatin Buotations is part of a !i !erAle(el procedure li7e codin or &ritin )e)os 1descri%ed later3.
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T!ere are a nu)%er of &ays to create a Buotation. T!ese options are a(aila%le (ia t!e tool%ar and )enus+ and (ia dra C drop. 0or i))ediate feed%ac7 &!en creatin Buotations+ s&itc! on t!e )ar in area 1if not yet acti(ated3.
0or i))ediate feed%ac7+ acti(ate t!e )ar in area
,efore a Buotation can %e created+ an appropriate selection )ust e6ist.
Selectin Te6t Se )ents

8n addition to t!e usual selection tec!niBues 7no&n fro) te6t editors and &ord processors+ ATLAS.ti offers an e6tended Gse)iAauto)aticH dou%leAclic7 selection tec!niBue for te6tual pri)ary docu)ents. *ere is !o& it &or7s. 'ou%leAclic7 selection seBuence.
Word Sentence Paragraph Complete Text Unselect

0i ure 1$/. Te6t se )entin options
'ou%leAclic7 to select the word 1assu)in it is not yet selected3. 'ou%leAclic7 on t!e selection to e6pand it to the sentence e)%eddin t!e current selection. 'ou%leAclic7 on t!e selection to e6pand it to the full paragraph surroundin t!e selection. 'ou%leAclic7 a ain to select t!e complete text. 'ou%leAclic7 once )ore to deselect the selected area. 0or t!e se)iAauto)atic selection of sentences and para rap!s+ t!e currently used 4ara rap! Model plays a crucial role. 0or instance+ if you !a(e assi ned a GLe acyH docu)ent &it! !ard returns for e(ery line+ selectin a para rap! &ill select a line unless you !a(e s&itc!ed interpretation to an G?ld 4ara rap! ModelH 1see ATLAS.ti -ersion = )anual3.
Selectin 4'0 Se )ents

Selectin 4'0 se )ents &or7s essentially in t!e sa)e &ay as selectin se )ents in te6t of rap!ic files. 8f you select te6t in a 4'0 file+ you need to pay attention t!at t!e cursor is positioned left fro) t!e first letter of t!e te6t. 8f
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you %e in your selection furt!er to t!e left or a%o(e t!e te6t+ t!en ATLAS.ti !andles t!e selection as a rap!ic se )ent 1see GCreatin and :or7in &it! Grap!ical 2uotationsG on pa e 171.
Creatin A 0ree Te6tual ?r 4'0 2uotation

Mar7 a section in t!e pri)ary docu)ent. Clic7 t!e CREATE 0REE 2U?TAT8?N %utton 1see left3 in t!e *U EditorLs pri)ary docu)ent tool%ar. Alternati(ely you can ri !t clic7 on t!e selection and c!oose CREATE 0REE 2U?TAT8?N fro) t!e conte6t )enu. T!e option is also a(aila%le fro) t!e )ain 2uotations )enu.
0i ure 1<#. Creatin free te6t Buotations
8f you accidentally select a section for &!ic! a Buotation already e6ists+ t!e conte6t )enu &ill not include t!e Create 0ree 2uotation co))and. A ne& entry is s!o&n in t!e Buotation drop do&n list or if opened t!e 2uotation Mana er. T!e default na)e consists of t!e first $# c!aracters of t!e selected te6t. Te6t Buotation are !i !li !ted accordin to t!e !i !li !t color you !a(e set in :indo&s. T!e !i !li !t color for 4'0 docu)ents can %e set &it!in ATLAS.ti in t!e 4'0 preferences &indo& 1T??LS 5 4RE0ERENCES 5 4'0 4RE0ERENCES3.
Creatin 2uotations Usin 'ra C 'rop

T!is tec!niBue allo&s you to (irtually Kt!ro&K pieces of te6t into t!e Buotations list. T!is !o&e(er only &or7s for te6tual+ not of 4'0 files 1t6t+ doc+ doc6+ rtf3. Mo(e t!e )ouse pointer into t!e selected te6t. T!e pointer &ill c!an e to its Kdra C dropK appearance. ,y !oldin do&n t!e left )ouse %utton+ dra t!e selection into t!e Buotation dropAdo&n list or t!e 2uotation Mana er.
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0i ure 1<1. Creatin Buotations usin dra C drop
Iou !a(e @ust created a Buotation. A ne& entry appears in t!e Buotations dropA do&n list and t!e 2uotation Mana er. 8n t!e )ar in+ a %ar &ill %e displayed. 2uotations are also %e created in t!e course of codin or )e)oin usin dra C drop.
2uotation References
0i ure 1<2. 2uotation reference
T!e %ars in t!e )ar in )ar7 t!e len t! of t!e Buotation rap!ically. T!e entry in t!e Buotation field s!o&s a te6tual reference for t!e Buotation. 8t consists of t!e follo&in ele)ents. 8'+ na)e+ start and end position. 8'. T!e Buotation 8' is co)posed of t!e nu)%er of its 4A'oc and a second nu)%er indicatin &!en t!e Buotation &as created. T!e 8' >.1 )eans t!at t!e Buotation is fro) 4A'oc > and is t!e first one t!at &as created in t!is docu)ent. T!e reason for t!e c!ronolo ical nu)%erin is to do &it! t!e fact t!at you &ill not necessarily code a docu)ent fro) t!e first line to t!e last. Iou &ill @u)p %et&een passa es and )odify or delete so)e Buotations durin t!e codin process. A linear nu)eration &ould !a(e to %e updated &it! e(ery sin le Buotation t!at is inserted+ &!ic! &ould ta7e up unnecessary
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co)putation capacity. Sortin t!e Buotations %y t!eir start position+ for e6a)ple+ offers a clear linear (ie& of your Buotes. Recently an option &as added to c!an e t!e c!ronolo ical nu)%erin to a seBuential order if need %e 12U?TAT8?NS 5 M8SCELLANE?US 5 RENUM,ER ALL T? '?C0L?:3. T!is can for e6a)ple %e useful &!en codin open ended Buestions fro) sur(ey data and you &ant to 7eep t!e cases in sync! &it! t!e cases in t!e S4SS file. Na)e. T!e na)e s!o&s t!e first $# c!aracters of a te6tual Buotation. T!is is t!e default settin &!ic! can %e c!an ed under T??LS 5 4RE0ERENCES 5 GENERAL 4RE0ERENCES. 2uotations %ased on i)a e+ audio or (ideo files s!o& t!e file na)e. T!e na)e of a Buotation can %e rena)ed. T!is is a useful option for i)a e+ audio and (ideo Buotations+ as &e &ill see %elo&. Start and end positions. T!e fi ures in %rac7ets after t!e Buotation na)e s!o& t!e location 1start and end position3 in t!e docu)ent. 0or te6tual Buotations+ t!e reference i(en is to t!e para rap! nu)%ers &it!in &!ic! t!e coded se )ent occurs. 1/./3 t!us )eans t!at t!e Buotation starts and ends in para rap! /. 0or i)a e files+ t!e rectan ular area )ar7ed as t!e Buotation is referenced. Audio and (ideo Buotes use a ti)e reference. 1!ours.)inutes.seconds.)illiseconds3 References for 4'0 Buotations consist of. pa e nu)%er and nu)%er of c!aracters on t!e pa e for start and end positions. 8n case t!e docu)ent contains colu)ns+ t!e colu)n nu)%er is pro(ided as &ell. -ideo tutorial. !ttp.55&&&.youtu%e.co)5&atc!U(N%U;nuAa:!IM
Acti(atin And 'isplayin Te6tual And 4'0 2uotations

2uotations can %e acti(ated 1retrie(ed3 and displayed %y selectin an entry fro) t!e dropAdo&n list+ %y dou%leAclic7in on an entry in t!e 2uotation Mana er+ or %y clic7in on t!e Buotation %ar in t!e )ar in area. Coded Buotations can %e retrie(ed %y dou%leAclic7in on an associated code 1see GCode Mana erH on pa e <> for detail3. 2uotations can also %e acti(ated fro) t!e results pane of t!e 2uery Tool 1see G?utput of 2uery ResultsH on pa e 27#3.
0i ure 1<$. Acti(atin Buotations (ia its code
171
A Buotation can %e acti(ated and displayed fro) (irtually any %ro&ser displayin Buotations. dropAdo&n list+ ?%@ect Mana er+ Net&or7 Editor+ ?%@ect Cra&ler+ *U E6plorer+ etc.
Modifyin Te6tual And 4'0 2uotations

T!is feature lets you c!an e t!e %oundaries 1start and end position3 of a Buotation. Acti(ate t!e Buotation if not already selected. Select a data se )ent t!at you actually &ant to use as t!is Buotation. :!en increasin t!e siDe of t!e Buotation+ you can si)ply !i !li !t t!e te6t t!at you &ant. 8f you &ant to reduce t!e siDe of t!e Buotation+ you need to deselect t!e selection first %y clic7in so)e&!ere a%o(e or %elo& t!e !i !li !ted area. T!en select a s)aller section. :!en resiDin 4'0 Buotations+ you can con(eniently use t!e !andles at t!e upper left and lo&er ri !tA!and corners. Clic7 t!e )odify %utton+ located to t!e left of t!e te6t &indo& or c!oose M?'80I ,?UN'AR8ES fro) t!e )ain 2uotations )enu. T!e Buotation &ill %e c!an ed reflectin t!e ne& %oundaries.
Ne& ,oundaries Matc! E6istin 2uotation

8f t!e ne& %oundaries )atc! anot!er e6istin Buotation+ you are as7ed for confir)ation to K)er eK t!e currently )odified and t!e already e6istin Buotation. T!e Buotation resultin fro) t!e )er e operation collects t!e references of %ot! Buotations. 0or e6a)ple+ if t!e )odified Buotation &as coded &it! code A and t!e e6istin Buotation &it! )atc!in %oundaries &it! code ,+ t!e ne& Buotation &ill %e referenced %y %ot! code A and ,. 8f you )odify a pre(iously rena)ed te6t Buotation+ you are as7ed for confir)ation usin t!e ne&ly selected strin 1truncated3 as its ne& na)e.
Creatin And :or7in :it! Grap!ical 2uotations

Selectin rap!ical se )ents differs fro) t!e operations reBuired for selectin se )ents &it!in te6tual docu)ents. *o&e(er+ t!e o(erall loo7 and feel is sufficiently si)ilar. Mo(e t!e )ouse pointer to t!e upper left corner of t!e rectan ular section t!at you are oin to create.
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'ra 1!oldin do&n t!e left )ouse %utton3 t!e )ouse to t!e lo&er ri !t corner of t!e rectan le.
0i ure 1<<. Grap!ical Buotation
Release t!e )ouse %utton. Iou !a(e no& created a selection and t!e rectan le &ill %e !i !li !ted.
To create a Buotation+ select t!e Gcreate BuotationH %utton in t!e (ertical tool %ar+ or ri !t clic7 on t!e selection+ t!en select CREATE 0REE 2U?TAT8?N fro) t!e conte6t )enu9 or select t!is option fro) t!e )ain )enu 2U?TAT8?NS 5 CREATE 0REE 2U?TAT8?N. All Buotations &it!in a rap!ical docu)ent are nu)%ered consecuti(ely.
Acti(atin And 'isplayin Grap!ical 2uotations

Grap!ical Buotations in a docu)ent appear as rectan les. T!e selected Buotation is e)p!asiDed.
8n addition to t!e eneral acti(ation procedures descri%ed for te6tual Buotations+ a rap!ical Buotation can %e acti(ated %y directly dou%leAclic7in &it!in its G%o6H in t!e docu)ent pane. :!ere t&o or )ore Buotations intersect+ you are presented &it! a list of Buotations fro) &!ic! to c!oose. All rap!ical Buotations are indicated %y %orders. A selected Buotation is depicted eit!er fra)ed or filled. To c!an e t!e display. Ri !tAclic7 any&!ere &it!in t!e rap!ical i)a e and select SELECT8?NA'8S4LAI TI4E 5 0illed.
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0i ure 1<=. 0illed display of a rap!ical Buotation
4er)anent display of rap!ical BuotationsO fra)es can %e to To c!an e t!e per)anent display.
led off and on.
Ri !t clic7 an area on t!e rap!ical docu)ent and c!oose T?GGLE AREAS '8S4LAI fro) t!e conte6t )enu.
Modifyin Grap!ical 2uotations

To )odify an i)a e Buotation+ dou%le clic7 inside t!e rectan le so t!at you see t!e reen lines and dots at t!e four corners. T!e dots act li7e !andles and you can use t!e) to resiDe t!e Buotation.
0i ure 1<;. Use t!e !andles to resiDe t!e Buotation
Select t!e area t!at you actually &ant to use as Buotation. Clic7 t!e )odify %utton on t!e (ertical tool %ar+ or c!oose 2U?TAT8?NS 5 M?'80I ,?UN'AR8ES fro) t!e )ain )enu. T!e Buotation &ill %e c!an ed reflectin t!e ne& %oundaries.
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Creatin And :or7in :it! Multi)edia 2uotations

Load a (ideo pri)ary docu)ent+ e. . G4;. *appiness pro(er%s of fa)ous peopleH in t!e sa)ple pro@ect.
0i ure 1<7. T!e (arious aspect of a loaded (ideo docu)ent
At t!e ri !tA!and side+ pre(ie& i)a es are displayed. :!en you add a ne& (ideo to a pro@ect+ you do not i))ediately see t!e pre(ie& i)a es as t!ey first need to %e created. 'ependin on t!e len t! of t!e (ideo t!is )ay ta7e a fe& seconds or up to a fe& )inutes 1see GAddin Multi)edia 'ocu)entsG on pa e 7=3. 8f you )o(e t!e cursor inside t!e (ideo pane+ t!e )edia controls appear and you can start+ stop and pause t!e (ideo+ s7ip for&ard and %ac7&ards. Iou can also start and stop t!e )ulti)edia file %y pressin t!e space %ar.
Conte6t Menu ?f 4re(ie& 4ane

8f you ri !tAclic7 on t!e (ideo pre(ie&+ you can set a nu)%er of display options in t!e conte6t )enu 1see 0i ure 1<73. Iou can !ide or display t!e (ideo pre(ie& and audio &a(e for).
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0i ure 1<>. 2uotation o(erlay
8f you )ar7 a se )ent %y )o(in &it! your )ouse o(er t!e (ideo pre(ie&s+ ti)e indicators are display. start and end position and total len t! of t!e se )ent. ,y default t!e left and ri !t audio c!annel are displayed as one audio &a(e for). 8f needed+ you can separate t!e left and ri !t c!annel and display t&o audio &a(e for)s. Select :a(efor) Voo) 0actor to ad@ust t!e siDe of audio &a(e. Use AutoAScroll if only parts of t!e (ideo is displayed in t!e )ar in area and you &ant t!e )ar in area to auto)atically scroll if you play t!e (ideo. See 0i ure 1=23. S!o& 2uotation ?(erlay to see t!e Buotation %oundaries displayed on top of t!e (ideo pre(ie&.
Conte6t Menu ?f 'ocu)ent 4ane

T!e options offered %y t!e )edia controls and t!e )ulti)edia tool %ar 1see 0i ure 1=#3 can also %e accessed (ia t!e conte6t )enu.
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0i ure 1</. Conte6t )enu of docu)ent pane
0urt!er you !a(e t!e option to c!an e t!e display siDe of t!e (ideo 1Voo) -ideo3+ to enerate t!e pre(ie& i)a es a ain and to display and e6port so)e tec!nical infor)ation. T!e latter options you only need if t!ere &as a pro%le) &it! eneratin t!e pre(ie& i)a es.
T!e Multi)edia Tool%ar
0i ure 1=#. T!e )ulti)edia tool%ar
177
(ool
Description
Repeat5Loop
Repeats eit!er t!e co)plete file or any selected se )ent until t!e pause or stop %utton is clic7ed. Especially useful to repeat noiseAco(ered or ot!er&ise !ardAtoAunderstand passa es durin transcription. *elps to fineAtune a se )ent end+ e. . to isolate a &ord fro) a conti uous spo7en te6t. :!en )o(in t!e position &!ile t!e Snea7 4re(ie& )ode is acti(e+ a s!ort Gpre(ie&H of =## )illiseconds 1or 2 fra)es for (ideo data3 is played repeatedly+ )a7in it easier for )ar7in t!e %oundary of your se )ent. Usin t!is function ta7es practice and is %est used in co)%ination &it! t!e cursor 7eys. Clic7 to ad@ust t!e (olu)e.
Snea7 4re(ie&
Ad@ust audio (olu)e
Ad@ust play speed
Clic7 to ad@ust t!e speed 1not yet i)ple)ented in -ersion 7.#.663 T!e current position is )ade t!e start coordinate of a Buotation to %e created. Rey%oard s!ortcut. S ?R + T!e current position deter)ines t!e end coordinate of a Buotation. Rey%oard s!ortcut. T ?R . Creates a free Buotation fro) t!e current selection. T!is %utton is disa%led unless a (alid se )ent is )ar7ed+ or if t!e se )ent already )atc!es an e6istin Buotation. Rey%oard s!ortcut. B 1note. B also starts a ne& selection3. 8n co)%ination &it! t!e CTRL 7ey+ t!is %utton tri)s t!e current )edia Buotation to t!e current selection.
Selection start
Selection end
Create and )odify Buotation
Create snaps!ot
Create a snaps!ot of t!e currently displayed (ideo fra)e as i)a e 4'. Iou &ill t!en %e as7ed &!et!er to i)port t!e i)a e into My Li%rary or t!e Tea) Li%rary.
Voo)in T!e Ti)e Line

Iou can Doo) t!e ti)e inline to select @ust t!e section of t!e audio or (ideo t!at you &ant to see in t!e )ar in area. :!en you )o(e t!e )ouse pointer o(er t!e full pre(ie&+ t&o oran e sliders appear 1see 0i ure 1=1 and 0i ure 1=23.
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0i ure 1=1. Voo)in t!e ti)e line
Mo(e t!e ri !t and left slider to t!e desired position. Ti)e indicators display start and end position and len t! of t!e selection.
0i ure 1=2. Selectin an area of t!e (ideo file to %e displayed in t!e )ar in area
Na(i atin T!rou ! T!e Audio ?r -ideo 0ile -ia T!e 4lay!ead 4ointer
Use pa e up 5 pa e do&n+ to )o(e t!e position of t!e play!ead pointer %y 15=#t! incre)ents of t!e len t! of t!e (ideo t!at is currently displayed in t!e )ar in area. Use t!e arro& 7eys+ to )o(e t!e position of t!e play!ead pointer %y 151###t! incre)ents of t!e len t! of t!e (ideo t!at is currently displayed in t!e )ar in area. Use t!e arro& 7eys _ t!e CtrlA7ey+ to )o(e t!e position of t!e play!ead pointer %y 152#t! incre)ents of t!e len t! of t!e (ideo t!at is currently displayed in t!e )ar in area.
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Creatin Audio ?r -ideo 2uotations

Usin T!e MouseApointer
To code a (ideo se )ent+ )o(e your )ouse pointer on top of t!e audio &a(e and )ar7 a section %y clic7in on t!e left )ouse %utton &!ere you &ant it to start. T!en dra t!e cursor to t!e end position.
0i ure 1=$. Selectin a (ideo se )ent
Usin S!ortAcuts
T!ere are t&o alternati(es to )ar7 start and end positions %y usin 7ey%oard s!ortAcuts. Mo(e t!e play!ead pointer to t!e desired start position. Select S or + to set t!e startin point. Mo(e t!e play!ead pointer to t!e desired end position. Select T or . to set t!e end point of a se )ent. 'ependin on your 7ey%oard one of t!e t&o option 1ST or +.3 is )ore con(enient to use.
4re(ie&in T!e Selection
0i ure 1=<. 4layin t!e current (ideo selection
8f you &ant to pre(ie& your selection clic7 on t!e Gplay current selectionH %utton.
Clic7 t!e Create 2uotation %utton 1see 0i ure 1=<3 to create a free Buotation.
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0i ure 1==. 'isplay of a (ideo Buotation
A ne& Buotation &ill %e listed in t!e 2uotation Mana er. T!e default na)e for audio and (ideo Buotations is t!e docu)ent na)e. Eac! Buotation can+ !o&e(er+ %e rena)ed. To do so+ ri !t clic7 on t!e Buotation na)e in t!e 2uotation Mana er and select t!e RENAME option. See also G'escri%in Multi)edia Buotations to i)pro(e outputG on pa e 2##3. 8n addition t!e start position and t!e len t! of t!e se )ent At!is is t!e nu)%er in %rac7ets3 in for) !.)in.sec.)illisec is pro(ided.
0i ure 1=;. Rena)ed audio Buotation s!o&in ti)e references
Audio and (ideo Buotations can %e easily reco niDed %y t!eir special icon.
Acti(atin And 4layin Audio And -ideo 2uotations

To play t!e Buotation+ dou%leAclic7 on t!e Buotation %ar. 8f you &ant to )o(e t!e playA!ead to t!e %e innin of an e6istin Buotation+ !old do&n t!e CtrlA7ey and clic7 on t!e Buotation %ar. Iou can also )o(e t!e play!ead pointer &it! t!e )ouse. As soon as you )o(e it eit!er o(er t!e start or end position+ t!e pointer snaps. To o(erride t!is %e!a(ior+ !old do&n t!e S*80TA7ey.
0i ure 1=7. 4ositionin t!e play!ead pointer at a %e innin of a Buotation
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Clic7 t!e space %ar to stop and start an audio or (ideo file.
Ad@ustin T!e SiDe ?f Audio ?r -ideo 2uotations

To ad@ust or c!an e t!e len t! of t!e Buotation+ dra t!e start or end position to t!e desired place and clic7 on t!e G)odify BuotationH %utton in t!e (ertical tool %ar on t!e left !and side of t!e screen 1see 0i ure 1=> %elo&3.
0i ure 1=>. Ad@ustin t!e siDe of a (ideo Buotation
Iou can also use t!e play!ead pointer to ad@ust t!e siDe of a Buotation. 4osition it at t!e desired point. 8f you &ant t!e start position to c!an e+ !old do&n t!e S*80TA7ey and dou%leAclic7 on t!e area a%o(e t!e play!ead pointer. To c!an e t!e stop position+ !old do&n t!e S*80TA7ey and dou%leAclic7 on t!e area %elo& t!e play!ead pointer.
0i ure 1=/. Usin t!e play!ead pointer to ad@ust t!e siDe of a (ideo Buotation
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Creatin And :or7in :it! Goo le Eart! 2uotations

Creatin Goo le Eart! 2uotations
8f you !a(enOt done so+ you first need to assi n a Goo leEart! 4'. '?CUMENTS 5 NE: 5 NE: G??GLEEART* 4'. T!en load t!e Goo le Eart! 4' %y selectin it fro) t!e dropAdo&n list. T!is loads Goo le Eart! into t!e ATLAS.ti editor. ?pen t!e 2uotation Mana er alon side t!e *U editor.
0i ure 1;#. Enter or select a location to fly to
To create a ne& Buotation+ position Goo le Eart! to &!ate(er location you &ant+ e. . %y enterin a location in t!e 0LI T? field or %y selectin a location in t!e list of 4laces. 'ou%le clic7 to select t!e place &!ere t!e Buotation s!ould %e attac!ed to. 8f you !a(e selected a location fro) GMy 4lacesH+ t!is is not necessary. Ne6t+ clic7 t!e 0ree 2uotation %utton in t!e (ertical tool%ar left of t!e 4' area or c!oose CREATE 0REE 2U?TAT8?N fro) t!e 2uotations )enu. T!e default na)e of t!e Buotation is t!e na)e of t!e pri)ary docu)ent+ e. .. GGoo le Eart!H. 8n case you !a(e selected a feature as Buotation li7e a place fro) t!e list of sa(ed places in Goo le Eart!+ t!e na)e of t!is place is used. 8n addition+ t!e eo rap!ical reference is pro(ided.
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0i ure 1;1. References for Goo le Eart! Buotations
:!et!er t!e 4' na)e or t!e featureOs na)e is used+ can %e set (ia T??LS 5 4RE0ERENCES 5 G??GLE EART* 4RE0ERENCES. 'ependin on your pro@ect needs+ you )ay c!oose to rena)e t!e Buotations.
Acti(atin Goo le Eart! 2uotations

8n t!e first instance+ you only see t!e ne&ly created Buotations &it!in t!e 2uotation Mana er or in t!e drop do&n list. 8n order to see t!e infor)ation in Goo le Eart! as &ell+ t!e infor)ation needs to %e transferred. T!us+ t!e ATLAS.ti Goo le Eart! 4' needs to %e Gin@ectedH into Goo le Eart!. T!is is easily done %y reloadin t!e 4'. 0or t!e ATLAS.ti place)ar7 in t!e GE docu)ent+ t!e na)e of t!e Buotation is used. 8n addition+ you see t!e Buotations in t!e 4laces 4anel under Te)porary 4laces on t!e left !and side. To reload a 4'+ select it fro) t!e drop do&n list %y !oldin do&n t!e CtrlA 7ey. ?R. select t!e )enu option '?CUMENTS 5 M8SCELLANE?US 5U4'ATE G??GLE EART* 4'.
0i ure 1;2. T!e ATLAS.ti place)ar7 s!o&s t!e location of t!e Buotation &it!in t!e GE )ap
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'isplayin Goo le Eart! 2uotations

T!e !ierarc!y of t!e ele)ents under te)porary places in GE rese)%les t!e structure of t!e *U. At t!e top+ you see an ATLAS.ti root folder for eac! *U in t!e session. ,elo& t!is folder+ t!e na)e of t!e *U is repeated and all its Goo le Eart! 4's and Buotations are created as GE features. 8f you &rite a co))ent for a GE Buotation or docu)ent+ it &ill %e s!o&n as &ell. Clic7in on a BuotationLs place )ar7 in GE &ill s!o& a %alloon description &it! )eta infor)ation li7e its codes or )e)os. 8f you !a(e &ritten a co))ent for t!e GE Buotation+ it can %e s!o&n as &ell.
0i ure 1;$. 'isplay of Buotation co))ents in GE
Modifyin Goo le Eart! 2uotations

To )odify a Buotation+ select it in t!e 2uotation Mana er. 'ou%le clic7 on a ne& location &!ere it s!ould %e )o(ed to. Select t!e Gre(ise BuotationH %utton fro) t!e (ertical tool %ar. ?r select 2U?TAT8?NS 5 M?'80I ,?UN'AR8ES fro) t!e )ain )enu.
Mo(in Around
,y default tra(elin to anot!er Buotation is %y flyin . :!en you press t!e S*80T 7ey durin a transfer+ you are KteleAportedK to t!e ot!er location directly. T!e default speed can %e set (ia T??LS 5 4RE0ERENCES 5 G??GLE EART* 4RE0ERENCES.
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E6trusion F 'isplay 2uotations At Ele(ated Le(els

Usually t!e place)ar7 icons are fi6ed to t!e round. 0or !illy en(iron)ents or %et&een lar e %uildin s you can raise t!e icon li7e a %alloon to a certain !ei !t 1in )eters3 a%o(e round. T!e icon is al&ays tied to t!e round &it! a connectin line. Iou can set e6trusion (ia T??LS 5 4RE0ERENCES 5 G??GLE EART* 4RE0ERENCES.
'isplay A GE 2uotation 8n Goo le Maps

"f #oogle $arth is %ust too hea&y' you may open a #$ (uotation in #oogle )aps instead. Select a Buotation+ e. . in t!e 2uotation Mana er. 0ro) t!e Miscellaneous )enu+ select ?pen in Goo le Maps. 8f you !a(e created !yperlin7s to Goo le Eart! Buotations+ ri !t clic7 on t!e !yperlin7 and select t!e option ?pen in Goo le Maps. T!is opens your 8nternet %ro&ser on t!e sa)e location. *o&e(er+ you do not !a(e tilt and !eadin . Currently+ t!ere is a fi6ed Doo) factor for t!e Goo le Map (ie&.
8)port Goo le Eart! 2uotations

8f RM] files include place)ar7 features+ t!ese can %e i)ported as Buotations. T!e )eta infor)ation t!at &as inserted into t!e place)ar7 is inserted into t!e Buotation co))ent field in ATLAS.ti. T!e default settin is to i)port place)ar7s durin t!e process of assi nin a RML 5 RMV file as pri)ary docu)ent. T!is can %e confi ured in t!e GE 4references &indo&. Assi n a RML or RMV file as pri)ary docu)ent 1'?CUMENTS 5 NE: 5 ASS8GN EETERNAL '?CUMENTS3. Currently+ RML and RMV files !a(e to %e created in Goo leEart!. 8f you !a(e created t!e) else&!ere+ open t!e) in Goo leEart! and sa(e t!e) a ain. T!en assi n t!e). Ne6t+ select '?CUMENTS 5 M8SCELLANE?US 5 8M4?RT 2U?TAT8?NS fro) t!e )ain )enu.
0R?M RMV5RML
Create Grap!ical Snaps!ot 4's

T!e i)a es pro(ided %y Goo le Eart! are not sta%le. T!ey )ay c!an e o(er ti)e. :!en (ie&s are c!an ed is not 7no&n to t!e re ular user. T!us+ alt!ou ! positions on eart! are sta%le+ t!e (ie&s are not. A ne& set of aerial and satellite i)a es )ay yield a &!ole different set of details. T!is )a7es )a7in snaps!ots fro) a current (ie& a practical t!in . 0urt!er)ore you can code detailed sections &it!in a rap!ical 4'. Suc! 4's do not reBuire Goo le Eart! to %e installed.
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4osition Goo le Eart! to t!e desired (ie& eit!er )anually or %y selectin a GE Buotation. ResiDe t!e GE &indo& to t!e desired siDe. T!e content you see &ill %e used for t!e 4'. ?nly t!e )ain area is used+ t!e side %ar title etc. are i nored. Configure all needed layers. 0ro) t!e drop do&n Add %utton or t!e )ain 'ocu)ents )enu+ select Ne& Goo leEeart! Snaps!ot 4'. A ne& 4' is created. T!e na)in con(ention is as follo&s. 8f selectin a Buotation in t!e 2uotation Mana er and creatin a snaps!ot %ased on t!at (ie&+ t!e na)e for t!e 4' &ill %e Goo le Eart! SN 1SN for Snaps!ot3. 8f selectin a Buotation fro) t!e Goo le Eart! su% tree in t!e 4laces 4anel+ t!e na)e t!at is s!o&n t!ere is used &it! t!e prefi6 GESN.. T!us+ if you !a(e i(en your Buotation a uniBue na)e and &ant to use it as na)e for your 4' snaps!ot+ t!en it )i !t %e prefera%le to select t!e Buotation fro) t!e 4laces 4anel. 8f you prefer neit!er of t!e t&o standard options+ you can al&ays rena)e t!e ne&ly created snaps!ot 4'. T!e source files for t!e snaps!ot 4's are @p 9 t!ey are stored in t!e sa)e folder as t!e *U and t!eir na)e starts &it! GES plus a t&o di it letter5nu)%er co)%ination. T!is feature is only a(aila%le if GE !as already %een started. A Repeated entries. 8f you close ATLAS.ti and restart &!ile GE is still open+ GE creates a ne& feature !ierarc!y for eac! *U. Iou can eit!er )anually re)o(e t!e feature tree fro) t!e GE places panel or close it and let ATLAS.ti start it for you %y loadin a Goo le Eart! 4'..
'eletin 2uotations
2uotations can %e deleted. ?f course+ not!in is re)o(ed fro) t!e pri)ary docu)entLs data source. 'eletin a Buotation affects only its references. K0reeK Buotations are deleted silently. *o&e(er+ if references to codes+ Buotations+ or )e)os e6ist+ you are pro)pted for confir)ation. T!e option to delete Buotations is a(aila%le in a nu)%er of different places. t!e )ain )enu+ t!e 2uotation Mana er 12U?TAT8?NS 5 'ELETE3+ t!e *U E6plorer+ and t!e )ar in area. To delete a Buotation in t!e )ar in area+ ri !t clic7 on t!e Buotation %ar and select t!e option 'ELETE. Iou can also ri !tAclic7 on a !i !li !ted Buotation and select t!e 'elete option fro) t!e conte6t )enu t!ere.
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0i ure 1;<. 'eletin a Buotation usin t!e conte6t )enu
'eletin 2uotation1s3 8n T!e 2uotation Mana er

Select t!e Buotation1s3 in Buestion. Clic7 t!e REM?-E %utton. 8f references e6ist for t!e Buotation+ confir) or re@ect t!e deletion process. All Buotations of a pri)ary docu)ent are deleted &!en t!e pri)ary docu)ent is disconnected fro) t!e *er)eneutic Unit.
Codin Tec!niBues
T!e codin procedures descri%ed in t!is section do not fully enco)pass t!e co)ple6ity of t!e intellectual acti(ity of codin as+ for e6a)ple+ understood in Grounded T!eory 1GLASER C STRAUSS+ 1/;73. 8n ATLAS.ti codin is si)ply t!e procedure of associatin code &ords &it! selections of data. Tec!nically spea7in + Gcodin H is t!e association %et&een a Buotation and a code. T!e follo&in descri%es &ays to esta%lis!+ )aintain+ or re)o(e suc! associations. Alt!ou ! so)e of t!e codin tec!niBues reflect t!e ideas and ter)inolo y used in Grounded T!eory+ you do not !a(e to use t!is )et!odolo y &!en analyDin your data &it!in ATLAS.ti. 0our codin procedures are descri%ed. ?pen Codin + 8nA-i(o Codin + CodeA %yAList+ and 2uic7 Codin . 8n addition+ t!e purpose and creation of free codes are e6plained. Te6t searc! and auto)atic codin is descri%ed furt!er %elo& in a separte c!apter 1see GT!e AutoACodin ToolH on pa e 21/3.
Ma7e code na)es as succinct as possi%le.
A code )ay contain )ore t!an a sin le &ord+ %ut s!ould %e concise. Use t!e code co))ent area to &rite a definition. 8f you find yourself &ritin prose
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instead of a succinct code na)e+ you )i !t in fact &ant to annotate. 8f t!is is t!e case+ use co))ents or )e)os instead. -ideo Tutorials. Codin ,asics. !ttp.55&&&.youtu%e.co)5&atc!U(NTUVpEEySp1U Code Mana e)ent. !ttp.55&&&.youtu%e.co)5&atc!U(NPf1@?$,<V1> Mar in Area 11523. !ttp.55&&&.youtu%e.co)5&atc!U(NN>e/@4!TEN Mar in Area 12523. !ttp.55&&&.youtu%e.co)5&atc!U(N7fy4&7r0IAA
General Codin 4rocedure

T!ere are so)e co))on steps &it! eac! of t!e codin procedures descri%ed %elo&. 0irst of all+ it is useful to s&itc! on t!e )ar in display to see t!e i))ediate effects of t!e codin process 1note. t!ere is no )ar in area for audio and (ideo docu)ents3. T!e )ar in area also per)its t!e direct )anipulation of t!e codes and t!e associations %et&een t!e Buotations and t!e codes.
To 'isplay T!e Mar in Area

C!oose -8E:S 5 MARG8N AREA fro) t!e )ain )enu+ or clic7 t!e Mar in Area %utton in t!e pri)ary docu)ent tool%ar. T!e )ar in area is a useful feed%ac7 de(ice durin codin . Codes are displayed alon side t!e Buotation to &!ic! t!ey are attac!ed.
0i ure 1;=. Te6t &it! s&itc!ed on )ar in area
T!e siDe of t!e )ar in area can %e c!an ed %y dra in t!e split %ar %et&een t!e pri)ary docu)ent pane and t!e )ar in area &it! t!e left )ouse %utton. Codin creates Buotations for selected data sections if needed. Codin results in codes lin7ed to Buotations. Any nu)%er of codes )ay %e assi ned to a Buotation and (ice (ersa. a code )ay refer to any nu)%er of Buotations. Codin i)plicitly creates Buotations for data se )ents t!at do not already )atc! an e6istin Buotation.
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Iou )ay acti(ate t!e %asic codin procedures eit!er in t!e pri)ary docu)ent tool%ar+ t!e C?'8NG su%)enu of t!e C?'ES )enu+ t!e Code Mana er or t!e conte6t )enu of t!e data selection. T!e codin options in t!e pri)ary docu)ent tool%ar.
?4EN C?'8NG 1CTRL_S*80T_?3 Create a ne& code+ as7 user for na)e of code C?'E 8N -8-? 1CTRL_S*80T_-3 Creates a code fro) t!e selected te6t
C?'E ,I L8ST 1CTRL_S*80T_L3 Selects e6istin codes fro) code list
2U8CR C?'8NG 1CTRL_S*80T_23 Codes &it! t!e last used code
C?'ES TEET SEARC* RESULTS Codes t!e results of a te6t searc!
*o& Codes Are 'isplayed

After a code !as %een created+ it appears as a ne& entry in se(eral locations 1e. .+ in t!e )ar in area+ t!e dropAdo&n list+ t!e code )ana er3.
0i ure 1;;. Codes in ATLAS.ti
T!e selected code &ord is &ritten ne6t to t!e Buotation %ar in t!e )ar in. Iou can reco niDe codes %y t!e yello& dia)ond sy)%ol. T!e entry in t!e dropAdo&n list in 0i ure 1<2. 2uotation reference reads. Gtest 1 f1A#gH. T!e first nu)%er s!o&s t!e freBuency 1!o& often t!e code !as %een
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applied3. 8t i(es you so)e infor)ation on t!e roundedness of a code+ i. e. !o& rele(ant t!is code is in t!e data. T!e second nu)%er t!e density 1!o& )any ot!er codes t!is code is lin7ed to3. *ence t!e code GTest 1H !as %een used only once so far and it is not yet lin7ed to any ot!er code.
'isplay ?f Codes 8n T!e Code Mana er

T!e Code Mana er pro(ides a nu)%er of typical :indo&s display options li7e Lar e 8cons+ S)all 8cons+ List and 'etails. See G-ie& MenuG on pa e <# and GCode Mana er Colu)nsG on pa e =#.
T!e Sin le Colu)n -ie&

:it!in curly %rac7ets follo&in t!e code na)e+ roundedness and density are displayed.
0i ure 1;7. Code display
Grounded1ness3. As e6plained a%o(e+ roundedness refers to t!e nu)%er of Buotations associated &it! a code. 8n t!e a%o(e e6a)ple+ roundedness is >. T!is )eans+ t!e code ]na)e of suspect. Ros)ins7i !as %een used for codin ei !t ti)es. 'ensity. 8n t!e a%o(e e6a)ple t!e density is 2+ t!us t&o codes !a(e %een lin7ed to t!e code ]na)e of suspect. Ros)ins7i. Lin7s %et&een codes are esta%lis!ed %y t!e user eit!er %y dra in and droppin codes onto eac! ot!er in t!e Code Mana er or %y lin7in t!e) in in a Net&or7 -ie& 1see pa e $1/3. Co))ent. T!e tilde c!aracter K`K fla s co))ented codes. 8t is used not only for codes %ut for all co))ented o%@ects.
Codin :it! Ne& Codes

?pen Codin assi ns ne& codes &it! already e6istin or ne&ly created Buotations. Iou can create one ore )ore codes in a sin le step. Select t!e data section or t!e Buotation you &ant to code. Clic7 t!e ?pen Codin %utton 1see left3 or c!oose C?'8NG 5 ENTER C?'E NAME1S3 fro) t!e )ain or t!e conte6t )enu.
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0i ure 1;>. Creatin one or )ore ne& codes usin t!e conte6t )enu
A dialo &ill open. Enter one or )ore code na)es and clic7 ?R. To enter a second code na)e eit!er clic7 &it! t!e )ouse into t!e second entry field+ or if you are used to enter t!e (ertical %ar+ you can also use t!e (ertical %ar 1 h 3 to @u)p to t!e ne6t line.
0i ure 1;/. Enterin code na)es
8f a fe& codes already e6ist+ you see &!et!er a si)ilar code na)e already e6ists as t!e fields are auto)atically co)pleted as you type. T!e ne& code no& appears in t!e Code Mana er. T!e coded se )ent 1Buotation3 is displayed in t!e 2uotation Mana er.
:rite co))entsJ
Ma7e it a !a%it to &rite a co))ent for e(ery ne& code 1see :ritin Code Co))ents on pa e 1/=.
T!e Code Mana er offers %iAdirectional dra C drop.
Codin -ia 'ra C 'rop 0ro) T!e Code Mana er

An easy &ay of codin is (ia 'ra C 'rop fro) t!e Code Mana er. Select a data section. ?pen t!e Code Mana er. Select one or )ore codes in t!e Code Mana er. 'ra and drop t!e codes into t!e pri)ary docu)ent pane. 8f a Buotation already e6ists+ you can alternati(ely drop t!e code onto a Buotation %ar in t!e )ar in area.
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0i ure 17#. Codin (ia dra C drop
8t is not necessary to drop t!e codes into t!e selected area. Iou )ay drop t!e codes any&!ere inside t!e pri)ary docu)ent pane.
Use T!e Code ,utton 8n T!e Code Mana er 0or Codin

*i !li !t one or )ore codes in t!e Code Mana er and clic7 on t!e code %utton in t!e )ana erOs tool %ar 1see 0i ure 1713.
0i ure 171. Use t!e code %utton to code a se )ent &it! one or )ore selected codes
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8nA-i(o Codin
Use inA(i(o codin &!en t!e te6t itself contains a useful and )eanin ful na)e for a code.
T!e ter) KinA(i(oK in t!is conte6t ste)s fro) rounded t!eory+ &!ic! dra&s t!e researc!erOs attention to e6pressions used %y t!e inter(ie&ees t!e)sel(es.
8nA(i(o codin creates a Buotation fro) t!e selected te6t AN' uses t!e selected te6t 1tri))ed to $# c!aracters3 as t!e code na)e. 8f t!e selected te6tLs %oundaries are not e6actly &!at you &ant for t!e Buotation+ )odifyin t!e BuotationLs GspreadH 1see GModifyin Te6tual and 4'0 2uotationsH on pa e 1713 is often t!e ne6t step after creatin t!e inA(i(o code. 8nA-i(o codin can only %e applied to te6tual pri)ary docu)ents.
To Create An 8nA-i(o Code

Mar7 t!e te6t passa e t!at you &ant to use as an inA(i(o code. ,ear in )ind t!at t!e code na)e is created fro) t!e te6t selectionLs first $# c!aracters . Clic7 t!e 8nA-i(o codin %utton or c!oose C?'8NG 5 8NA-8-? C?'8NG fro) t!e )enu. 8f needed+ c!an e t!e ne&ly created BuotationLs %oundaries 1GModifyin Te6tual and 4'0 2uotationsH on pa e 171 for details3.
8nA-i(o Codin -ia 'ra C 'rop

Mar7 t!e te6t passa e t!at you &ant to use for 8nA-i(o codin . ?pen t!e Code Mana er. 'ra and drop t!e selected te6t into t!e Code Mana erLs list pane or t!e code dropAdo&n list. Iou can create a code fro) eac! &ord of t!e selected te6t %y !oldin do&n t!e ALT 7ey &!en droppin t!e te6t.
Create )ultiple 8nA-i(o codes
CodeA%yAList
Select t!e data section5Buotation to %e coded. Clic7 t!e CodeA%yAList %utton or c!oose C?'8NG 5 C?'E ,I L8ST fro) t!e )enu. 0ro) t!e list &indo& &it! applica%le codes select one or )ore codes 1&!ile !oldin t!e Ctrl 7ey3 and clic7 ?R.
T!is procedure offers a list of all current codes fro) &!ic! one or )ore code can %e selected and associated &it! t!e current data selection.
T!e nu)%er of codes t!at you can select fro) t!e list is unli)ited. 8f t!e data section rese)%les an e6istin Buotation+ only codes not already assi ned to t!is Buotation are offered.
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CodeA%yAList 8n(erse
T!e standard codeA%yAlist tec!niBue associates a list of codes to one selected Buotation. So)eti)es+ it )a7es )ore sense to associate a list of Buotations to one code.
Code )ultiple Buotations in one o.
To Lin7 A Code To Many 2uotations

8n t!e Code Mana er+ or t!e drop do&n list select t!e code to %e associated &it! one or )ore Buotations. 0ro) t!e )ain or t!e codeLs conte6t )enu+ c!oose C?'ES 5 C?'8NG 5 L8NR C?'E T?.5 2U?TAT8?NS. A list of Buotations t!at &ere not already assi ned to t!e selected code opens. Select one ore )ore Buotations and clic7 ?R.
To Lin7 A Code To Many 2uotations -ia 'ra C 'rop

8n t!e 2uotation Mana er select t!e Buotations to %e assi ned to t!e code. 'ra C drop t!e selected Buotations into t!e Code Mana er onto t!e code.
2uic7 Codin
2uic7 Codin assi ns t!e last used code to t!e current data se )ent. T!is is an efficient )et!od for t!e consecuti(e codin of se )ents usin t!e )ost recently used code. Select a code in t!e Code Mana er. Select a data se )ent. Clic7 t!e 2uic7 Codin %utton or c!oose C?'8NG52U8CR C?'8NG fro) t!e )enu.
Meanin ?f Colored ,ars 8n T!e Mar in

As you sa& in 0i ure 1<$. Acti(atin Buotations (ia its code+ o(erlappin codes are displayed in different colors in t!e )ar in area. T!ese colors !elp you to distin uis! &!ic! %ar %elon s to &!ic! code &ord. 8f you &ere to add e(en )ore layers+ t!e ne6t t&o layers &ould %e displayed in (iolet and %lue. After t!at+ sil(er is used a ain. T!e colors do not contain any infor)ation a%out t!e different code le(els in t!e sense of !i !er or lo&er ran7ed cate ories. :!en you delete a Buotation+ t!e colors )ay c!an e.
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0i ure 172. Meanin s of colored %ars in t!e )ar in
8t is possi%le to set your o&n colors for codes+ %ut not for t!e %ars )ar7in t!e len t! of a Buotation 1see GSettin code colorsG %elo&3.
Unlin7in A Code
Wust as you can erase a pencil )ar7 in t!e )ar in of a paper docu)ent+ you can GeraseH a code in t!e )ar in area on screen as &ell. T!e di ital eBui(alent is called unlin7in . 8t is )ostly used &!en a se )ent is coded &it! )ore t!an one code. To unlin7 a code+ ri !t clic7 on t!e code in t!e )ar in area and clic7 on t!e UNL8NR option. :!en you unlin7 a code fro) a se )ent t!at only !as one code+ t!e %ar re)ains in t!e )ar in. 8f you &ant to GeraseH %ot! t!e code and t!e Buotation+ you need to proceed as e6plained %elo&.
:ritin Code Co))ents

Use code co))ents to define your code &ords.
Li7e 4ri)ary 'ocu)ents+ co))ents can %e added to clarify t!e )eanin of a code or to e6plain !o& t!e code is to %e used for codin . T!e practice of co))entin o%@ects reatly supports a transparent+ and+ if &or7in as part of a tea)+ cooperati(e &or7in style.
Creatin And Editin A Code Co))ent

?pen t!e code )ana er and select a code. Ri !t clic7 and select t!e option. E'8T C?MMENT fro) t!e conte6t )enu. A te6t editor opens. :rite or edit an e6istin co))ent. Sa(e t!e c!an es and close t!e editor. Iou can also use t!e te6t pane in t!e lo&er part of t!e Code Mana er 1see GEditin Te6tH on pa e <$3 to create or edit a co))ent.
:ritin Co))ents 0or Coded Se )ents

8f you notice so)et!in interestin &!ile codin and you &ant to &rite it do&n+ use t!e Buotation co))ent field for it.
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Ri !t clic7 on t!e !i !li !ted Buotation and select t!e option E'8T C?MMENT fro) t!e conte6t )enu. An editor pops up. :rite a co))ent on t!e selected data se )ent. Sa(e your co))ent %y clic7in on t!e ACCE4T %utton and close t!e editor.
0i ure 17$. 'ra C 'rop codin
2uotation co))ents are (isi%le in t!e %ar in t!e )ar in area and %y t!e tilde 1`3 si n in front of t!e Buotation na)e in t!e Buotations list.
Settin Code Colors

8f you &ant to color your codes+ select a code in t!e Code Mana er and clic7 on t!e rain%o& colored circle in t!e tool %ar. To )a7e code colors (isi%le in t!e )ar in+ ri !t clic7 on a &!ite space in t!e )ar in area and select t!e option USE ?,WECT C?L?RS. 8n order to still %e a%le see &!ic! code la%el %elon s to &!ic! Buotation %ar+ a s)all %ar colored in t!e sa)e color as t!e Buotation %ar is s!o&n in front of t!e code la%el. T!e code la%el s!o&s t!e userAdefined color.
Codin 4'0 'ocu)ents

4'0 docu)ents allo& for (arious &ays of codin . ,asically+ t!ere are no restrictions+ you can code any area &it!in t!e docu)ent. 8f it is te6t+ you code t!e c!aracters of t!e te6t. 8f t!e 4'0 file contains an i)a e+ t!en ATLAS.ti auto)atically s&itc!ed to i)a e )ode and you code a rectan ular area &it!in t!e 4'0 file. ,elo& you find a nu)%er of screen s!ots de)onstratin t!e (arious options.
Codin As Usual
Wust !i !li !t a section of te6t as you do in ot!er te6t docu)ents. T!e difference is t!at you can set a selection color 1see 4'0 preferences3 and t!at a 4'0 Buotation !as a G!andleH on t!e top left and %otto) ri !t t!at you can use to easily )odify t!e siDe of t!e Buotation 1see i)a e %elo&3
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0i ure 17<. Codin a te6t se )ent in a 4'0 pri)ary docu)ent
Codin E)%edded 8)a es

Select a rectan ular area of your c!oice and use t!e !andle at eac! corner to scale to t!e appropriate siDe.
0i ure 17=. Codin an e)%edded i)a e &it!in a 4'0 docu)ent
Codin Colu)ns ?f Te6t

As usual+ @ust !i !li !t a section of te6t &it!in a colu)n.
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0i ure 17;. Codin te6t &it!in a colu)n of a 4'0 docu)ent
Codin 8)a e 'ocu)ents

Load an i)a e docu)ent and select a rectan ular area. 4roceed to code it as !as %een descri%ed for te6t se )ents. Load an i)a e docu)ent 1e. . 4> or 4/3+ select a rectan ular area+ ri !tAclic7 inside t!e rectan le+ and select C?'8NG 5 ENTER C?'E NAMES 1S3 fro) t!e conte6t )enu. Enter a code na)e.
0i ure 177. Coded i)a e se )ent
To &rite a co))ent+ ri !tAclic7 on t!e rectan le and select t!e option E'8T C?MMENT. An editor opens. :rite so)et!in a%out your personal association &it! t!e i)a e. 4ress CTRL_S or clic7 on t!e c!ec7A)ar7 to sa(e t!e co))ent. Close t!e editor.
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0i ure 17>. :ritin a co))ent for an i)a e Buotation
T!e Buotation nu)%er and co))ent %ar are optional display features. T!ey can %e turned and off (ia t!e conte6t )enu. T!e loo7 of t!e Buotation %ar in t!e )ar in area c!an es if a Buotation !as %een co))ented. T!is applies to all )edia types.
Codin Audio And -ideo 'ocu)ents

To code a (ideo se )ent+ )o(e your )ouse pointer on top of t!e audio &a(e and )ar7 a section %y clic7in on t!e left )ouse %utton &!ere you &ant it to start. T!en dra t!e cursor to t!e end position.
0i ure 17/. Selectin a (ideo se )ent 0i ure 1>#. 4layin t!e current (ideo selection
Ri !tAclic7 inside t!e selection and select C?'8NG 5 ENTER C?'E NAME1S33+ or use t!e codin %uttons fro) t!e tool %ar.
0or furt!er detail on !o& to &or7 &it! audio and Buotations+ see GCreatin and :or7in &it! Multi)edia 2uotationsG on pa e 17<.
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'escri%in Multi)edia 2uotations To 8)pro(e ?utput

T!e na)e of an audio or (ideo Buotation is its data file na)e. 8f you &ant to add furt!er infor)ation+ you !a(e t&o options. rena)in t!e Buotations and addin a co))ent. 8n t!e process of creatin (ideo Buotations+ rena)e t!e) so t!ey can ser(e as titles for your (ideo se )ents. To do so+ ri !t clic7 on t!e Buotation na)e in t!e 2uotation Mana er and select t!e RENAME option. 8f $# c!aracters are not enou ! for Buotation na)es+ you can e6tend t!e nu)%er. 0ro) t!e )ain )enu+ select T??LS 5 4RE0ERENCES 5 GENERAL 4RE0ERENCES 5 GENERAL. At t!e %otto) ri !t+ you &ill find t!e option. L8ST NAME S8VE 0?R 2U?TES. 8ncrease it to t!e desired nu)%er of c!aracters9 ># c!aracters are pro%a%ly enou ! for s!ort titles. T!is allo&s you to create a )eanin ful te6t output of coded audio and (ideo se )ents. To create suc! an output+ select a code in t!e Code Mana er. Select t!e option ?UT4UT5 2U?TAT8?N L8ST 0?R SELECTE' C?'E1S3. T!e output &ill s!o& an o(er(ie& of all t!e titles you !a(e created for your (ideo 1or audio3 se )ents. 4lus+ it pro(ides t!e position &it!in t!e audio or (ideo file.
Ma7in Use ?f 2uotation Co))ents

8n addition to usin Buotation na)es for titles+ you can add a description for eac! (ideo Buotation in t!e co))ent field. :!en you output Buotations and t!ere is at least one co))ent+ ATLAS.ti as7s you &!et!er co))ents s!ould %e included in t!e output. As a%o(e+ you can use t!e 2uotation List output option fro) t!e C?'ES 5 ?UT4UT )enu.
Codin Goo le Eart! 'ocu)ents

Codin Goo le Eart! Buotations is si)ilar to codin audio or (ideo Buotations. ?pen t!e 2uotation Mana er. To )a7e it a %it easier to select a Buotation+ set a filter for t!e currently loaded Goo le Eart! docu)ent. 2U?TAT8?NS 5 08LTER 5 SELECTE' 4'. ?pen t!e Code Mana er and dra and drop a code fro) t!e Code Mana er onto t!e Buotation in t!e 2uotation Mana er 1or (ice (ersa3. Iou can also
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ri !t clic7 on t!e Buotation in t!e 2uotation Mana er and select ot!er codin options fro) t!e conte6t )enu. :!en applyin a code+ t!e Buotation count %e!ind t!e code na)e increases %y one. T!is is all you can see+ as t!ere is no )ar in area for Goo le Eart! docu)ents.
Re(ie&in Goo le Eart! 2uotations

Iou can re(ie& (ideo Buotations (ia t!e 2uotation Mana er+ or %y dou%le clic7in on a code t!at contains GE Buotations in t!e Code Mana er+ or (ia t!e 4laces pane in t!e GE editor &indo&.
Unlin7in Codes
Unlin7in a code fro) a GE Buotation currently only &or7s (ia a net&or7 (ie&. Select a GE Buotation in t!e 2uotation Mana er and clic7 on t!e Net&or7 -ie& %utton in t!e tool %ar+ or ri !t clic7 and select ?pen Net&or7 -ie& 4roceed &it! unlin7in as e6plained in t!e c!apter on t!e Net&or7 -ie& function 1see pa e $#73.
'escri%in GE 2uotations To 8)pro(e ?utputs

4roceed as e6plained for audioA and (ideo Buotations 1see G'escri%in Multi)edia Buotations to i)pro(e outputG on pa e 2##3.
More Codin ARelated 0unctions

T!is section descri%es so)e additional codin Arelated K!ouseA7eepin K functions+ suc! as creatin free codes+ i)portin lists of codes+ and rena)in and re)o(in codes.
0ree Codes
Iou can create codes t!at !a(e not 1yet3 %een used for codin or creatin net&or7s. Suc! codes are called GfreeH codes.
:!y Create 0ree CodesU

To prepare a stoc7 of predefined codes in t!e fra)e&or7 of a i(en t!eory. T!is is especially useful in t!e conte6t of tea) &or7 &!en creatin a %ase pro@ect.
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To code in a KtopAdo&nK 1or deducti(e3 &ay &it! all necessary concepts already at !and. T!is co)ple)ents t!e K%otto)AupK 1or inducti(e3 open codin sta e in &!ic! concepts e)er e fro) t!e data. To create codes t!at co)e to )ind durin nor)al codin &or7 and t!at cannot %e applied to t!e current se )ent %ut &ill %e useful later.
Creatin A 0ree Code

0ro) t!e )ain )enu c!oose C?'ES 5 ENTER C?'E NAME1S3 or clic7 t!e Create Code %utton in t!e Code Mana er. A pro)pter opens as in ?pen Codin . Enter one or )ore code na)es and clic7 ?R. Suc! a free code s!o&s t!e na)e suffi6 Kf#A#gK. no Buotations+ no lin7ed codes.
8)portin Codes
Creatin 0ree Codes -ia T!e ,atc! Met!od
To create a lar e nu)%er of free codes+ t!is &or7s %est usin t!e Me)o Mana er. ?pen t!e Me)o Mana er 1MEM?S 5 MEM? MANAGER3 0ro) t!e Me)o Mana erOs )enu+ select MEM?S 5 CREATE 0REE MEM?. As title enter Gcode listH Add your list of code &ords+ one per line. Sa(e t!e )e)o 1MEM? 5 SA-E or CTRL_S3 and close it. *i !li !t t!e )e)o and select t!e option M8SCELLANE?US 5 CREATE C?'ES 0R?M SELECTE' MEM?.
Transferrin Codes 0ro) ?t!er 4ro@ects

8f you &ant to i)port an already e6istin list of codes fro) anot!er *U 1t!at )i !t ser(e as a repository for codes3+ use t!e EML E6port58)port function for codes 1see GE6portin and 8)portin Codes in EMLH on pa e <1$3. T!is option !as t!e ad(anta e t!at already e6istin code definitions 1i. e.+ code co))ents and colors3 are transferred as &ell. 8f only a su%set of codes is to %e transferred fro) one pro@ect to anot!er+ set a code filter in t!e e6portin *U. *o& to transfer codes. Select C?'ES 5 8M4?RT5EE4?RT 5 EE4?RT C?'ES 1EML3. Select t!e option Send ?utput to. 0ile. A file dialo &indo& opens. Select a folder+ enter a file na)e and sa(e t!e file. ?pen a *U into &!ic! t!e codes &ill %e i)ported. 0or t!is *U+ select C?'ES 5 8M4?RT5EE4?RT 5 8M4?RT C?'ES 1EML3.
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A file dialo &indo& opens. Select t!e EML file t!at you @ust e6ported and clic7 ?pen. T!e code list is i)ported. C!ec7 t!e Code Mana er to see &!et!er t!e procedure &as co)pleted successfully and accordin to your e6pectations.
A(oidin Na)e Clas!es :!en 8)portin Code Lists

8f a code &it! t!e sa)e na)e already e6ists in t!e *U+ t!e i)ported code na)e is prefi6ed &it! t!ree e6cla)ation )ar7s. Anot!er atte)pt to load a code &it! a conflictin na)e &ill %e i nored. Note to ATLAS.ti <.6 users. T!e old 8)port Codes function still e6ists. 8n case you !a(e so)e pre(iously created code lists sa(ed as ].cod files t!at you &is! to i)port+ select . C?'ES 5 8M4?RT5EE4?RT 5 8M4?RT C?'E L8ST. 8f you &ant to enerate t!is for)at+ create a si)ple te6t file and c!an e t!e .t6t file e6tension to .cod.
Rena)in And 'eletin A Code

Rena)in or deletin a code !as lo%al effects.
Rena)in and deletin codes are procedures t!at see) tri(ial+ %ut understandin t!e KscopeK of t!ese operations can %e a pro%le) for ne& users. 0or %ot! operations you )ust understand+ t!at t!ere is only ?NE code o%@ect+ e. .+ K*appinessK in a i(en *U+ e(en if you applied 1associated &it! Buotations+ ot!er codes+ etc.3 t!is code )any ti)es. :it! t!e )ar in area s&itc!ed on+ you )ay see t!e code appear )any ti)es &!ile scrollin t!rou ! your docu)ent. 8n fact you are seein Glin7sH %et&een a Buotation represented %y a %ar and t!e code+ represented %y its na)e+ icon+ etc. Rena)in or re)o(in a code in t!e )ar in %esides a te6t on real paper usin an eraser and a pencil affects only one specific occurrence of a code9 all ot!er occurrences of t!e sa)e code are untouc!ed. T!e effect of t!e operation is local. :it! ATLAS.ti you can do t!e sa)e. *o&e(er+ you can do additional t!in s t!at are not possi%le usin traditional paper and pencil tec!niBues. ,y rena)in or re)o(in a code fro) an *U+ you are affectin e(ery occurrence of t!e code t!rou !out t!e entire *U. T!e effect is lo%al. Rena)in t!e code &ill instantly c!an e all t!e code Glin7sH in t!e )ar in to reflect t!e ne& na)e. 'eletin it &ill re)o(e all occurrences in t!e )ar in 1and fro) all ot!er conte6ts in &!ic! it &as en a ed+ li7e net&or7 (ie&s+ fa)ilies+ etc.3.
To Rena)e A Code
Select a code in a Net&or7 -ie& or in one of t!e follo&in places. t!e code dropAdo&n list+ t!e Code Mana er+ t!e *U E6plorer or t!e Code 0orest. :!en selectin a code fro) a list+ you can use t!e C?'ES 5 RENAME function fro) t!e )ain )enu. T!e Rena)e option is also a(aila%le fro) t!e conte6t )enu.
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Enter t!e ne& na)e and clic7 ?R.

Rena)in or replacin U
Anot!er )et!od to rena)e a code is to use 8nA4laceAEditin . T!is option is a(aila%le in t!e Code Mana er+ t!e *U E6plorer+ and t!e )ar in area. Rena)in a code inAplace in t!e )ar in area !as t&o different effects. T!e code can %e rena)ed lo%ally F affectin all occurrences A or replaced %y anot!er code locally. T!is preference can %e set (ia t!e Mar in ta% of General 4references dialo . 1T??LS 5 4RE0ERENCES 5 GENERAL 4RE0ERENCES+ TA,. MARG8N 5 8NA 4LACEAACT8?N3. T!e default option is Glocal replaceH. 8f you lea(e it t!is &ay+ you can use t!e rena)e option of t!e conte6t )enu+ e. . in t!e )ar in area+ to rena)e a code lo%ally. 8f you &ant to rena)e a code locally+ use t!e inAplaceA action.
'eletin Codes
'eletin a code re)o(es t!e code fro) t!e entire *U. All references t!at in(ol(e t!is code are re)o(ed. 8t also disappears fro) Net&or7 -ie&s and fa)ilies t!at contained t!is code. 8f you only &ant to re)o(e a code fro) a specific Buotation+ you s!ould Gunlin7H t!e code instead 1see %elo&3.
To 'elete A Code
Select a code in t!e Code Mana er+ a Net&or7 -ie&+ t!e *U E6plorer or t!e Code 0orest. 8n t!e Code Mana er+ *U E6plorer or Code 0orest use t!e 'ELETE function fro) t!e )enu. 8n a Net&or7 -ie&+ ri !t clic7 on a code. 8f t!e code !as %een used 1e. .+ is assi ned to Buotations+ connected to ot!er codes+ part of a super code+ etc.3+ you are as7ed for confir)ation %efore t!e deletion process continues. 0urt!er)ore+ if Buotations coded &it! t!is code are not used in any ot!er conte6t+ you are as7ed &!et!er t!ese Buotations s!ould %e re)o(ed as &ell. T!ere is no GundoH function to et deleted codes %ac7J 8f you are unsure a%out t!e effects of an operation+ sa(e and5or )a7e a %ac7up copy of your *er)eneutic Unit firstJ
Unlin7in Codes
T!is option is t!e re(erse function of codin . 8t re)o(es t!e lin7s %et&een codes and Buotations. Unli7e t!e delete function+ neit!er codes nor Buotations are re)o(ed9 only t!e association %et&een t!e code and t!e Buotation is re)o(ed.
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T&o )et!ods are descri%ed in t!e follo&in sections.
To Unlin7 Se(eral Codes 0ro) A 2uotation

T!is )et!od is used to re)o(e a nu)%er of codes lin7ed to a specific Buotation. ?pen t!e conte6t )enu of t!e desired Buotation. C!oose UNL8NR C?'ES fro) t!e conte6t )enu. 0ro) t!e list of all codes connected to t!is Buotation displayed in a popAup &indo& select t!e codes to %e unlin7ed and clic7 ?R. 8n t!e )ar in area you can see t!e i))ediate effect of t!is operation. t!e unlin7ed codes disappear.
To Unlin7 A Sin le Code 0ro) A 2uotation

T!is )et!od is a (ery direct )anipulation of t!e association %et&een a code and a specific Buotation usin t!e interacti(e )ar in areas. S&itc! on t!e )ar in area display. Ri !tAclic7 a code in t!e )ar in area. C!oose UNL8NR fro) t!e conte6t )enu. T!e code disappears fro) t!e )ar in area. 8t does not disappear fro) ot!er places in t!e )ar in &!ere it !as %een used. Re)e)%er+ t!e 'ELETE option re)o(es t!e code for ood+ includin all associations &it! Buotations+ codes+ )e)os+ etc. A 8f you &ant to re)o(e a code fro) a Net&or7 -ie&+ %ut do not &ant to actually delete it+ select t!e option REM?-E 0R?M -8E: fro) t!e conte6t )enu.
Mer in Codes
:!en de(elopin a codin sc!e)e+ it )ay !appen in t!e course of t!e analysis t!at t&o or )ore codes essentially )ean t!e sa)e t!in . ?ne cause could %e t!e i)port of code lists &it! different na)es %ut si)ilar )eanin s.
Clean up synony)ous codes %y )er in t!e).
ATLAS.ti offers a procedure to )er e synony)ous codes into one resultin Gtar etH code. T!is tar et code replaces t!e )er ed codes and Kin!eritsK all of t!eir references+ i. e.+ Buotations+ lin7s to ot!er codes or )e)os+ and t!eir co))ents. T!ere are t&o &ays to )er e codes. a listA%ased )et!od+ and one t!at &or7s fro) &it!in t!e Net&or7 Editor. MERG8NG C?'ES US8NG T*E L8ST MET*?'
Sa(e t!e *U %efore )er in codes.
8n t!e Code Mana er select t!e Gtar etH code into &!ic! a nu)%er of ot!er codes are to %e )er ed.
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Ri !tAclic7 and select MERGE C?'ES fro) t!e conte6t )enu 1or select C?'ES 5 MERGE C?'ES fro) t!e )enu3. 8n t!e )ultiple c!oice &indo&+ select t!e codes to %e )er ed into t!e selected code. 8f t!e code !ad a co))ent already+ t!en infor)ation a%out &!en and &!at &as )er ed into t!e tar et code is entered into t!e co))ent field of t!e tar et code includin t!e co))ent1s3 of t!e )er ed code1s3. MERG8NG C?'ES 8N A NET:?RR -8E: *ere t!e procedure &or7s t!e ot!er &ay around. Iou first select t!e codes t!at you &ant to )er e into anot!er code+ and t!en you select t!e tar et code. ?pen an e6istin Net&or7 -ie&. Select t!e code nodes t!at you &ant to )er e 1!old do&n t!e Ctrl 7ey to select )ultiple code nodes3 0ro) t!e net&or7 (ie&Os )enu+ select Nodes5Mer e Codes. So)e red lines appear startin at t!e selected code node+ endin at your )ouse pointer. Mouse t!e )ouse pointer on top of t!e tar et code node and left clic7. T!is starts t!e )er in procedure. T!e codes you selected first disappear and t!eir Buotations are added to t!e tar et code.
T!e codes )er ed into t!e resultin tar et node are deleted fro) t!e *er)eneutic UnitOs code data%ase. Since )er in cannot %e re(ersed easily+ and since t!is procedure )i !t affect )any aspects+ sa(e t!e *er)eneutic Unit %efore doin t!e )er e. 8f you are not satisfied &it! t!e )er e result+ you can reload t!e pre(iously sa(ed *U. Anot!er )ore la%orious &ay to re(ert to t!e pre(ious state is to split t!e tar et code.
Su
estions 0or Structurin T!e List ?f Codes
A freBuent Buestion is !o& to add a structure to t!e ot!er&ise flat code list in ATLAS.ti.
Addin Structure -ia T!e ?rder 8n T!e Code Mana er

T!e easiest &ay to &or7 &it! !i !er and lo&er order codes is to structure your codes alp!a%etically in t!e Code Mana er+ e. .+ accordin to t!e %asic pattern %elo&. category A_sub 1 category A_sub 2 category A_sub 3
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category B_sub 1 category B_sub 2 category B_sub 3 etc. As a )eans to (isualiDe t!e %e innin of a cate ory+ you can enter a free code t!at is not lin7ed to any Buotation+ as s!o&n %elo&. Suc! a )ain cate ory code )i !t initially %e e)pty+ %ut )ay proof to %e Buite !andy durin furt!er codin &or7. Iou )ay co)e across so)e data t!at fits t!e cate ory %ut t!ere is no fittin su%code yet+ or you are unsure &!ere to put it. T!en you can use t!e )ain cate ory code to collect t!ese instances. ?nce a nu)%er of instances are collected+ you can re(ie& t!e) and t!in7 so)e )ore a%out t!e). ,y readin t!rou ! or (ie&in 5listenin to a couple of e6a)ples it %eco)es often easier to decide !o& to code it. Iou )ay decide to create a ne& su%code or decide t!at an e6istin su%code fits after all. CATEGORY A category A_sub 1 category A_sub 2 category A_sub 3 CATEGORY B category B_sub 1 category B_sub 2 category B_sub 3 A furt!er possi%ility is to sort codes %y nu)%ers 1or nu)%ers and letters3. 1 CATEGORY A 11_A_sub 1 12_A_sub 2 13_A_sub 3 2 CATEGORY B 21_B_sub 1 22_B_sub 2 23_B_sub 3 etc. T!e sortin order is. 113 special c!aracters 1] _ O e A P . . 9 + etc.3+ 123 nu)%ers+ and 1$3 letters. T!erefore+ it is N?T a ood idea to use prefi6es li7e 1+ 1.1. + 1.1.1 + 2+ 2.1+ 2.1.2 etc.. Suc! a nu)%erin sc!e)e &ill necessarily &rea7 !a(oc &it! your intended sortin order 1G1#H &ill %e sorted %efore G2H3. :!en usin nu)erals + al&ays use G#1H+ G#2H+ G#$H+ or and so on for sortin to %e on t!e safe side.
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T!e 2uic7 Tour pro@ect+ sta e 88+ s!o&s a structured code list ac!ie(ed %y usin alp!a%etically sorted prefi6es. Iou can access t!is pro@ect in ATLAS.ti (ia t!e *EL4 )enu.
0i ure 1>1. E6a)ple of a structured code list
All ter)s precedin a colon 1.3 indicate t!e )ain cate ory na)e9 t!e ter)s follo&in t!e underscore or colon constitute su%codes. ?t!er pro@ects )ay reBuire additional su%le(els. ,ut donOt o(erdo itJ As )ain cate ory code and su%code na)es )ay contain )ore t!an one &ord+ an e)pty space is not sufficient to separate t!e t&o le(els of codin . T!erefore it is %est to use one t!e of special c!aracters t!at you find on your 7ey%oard to (isually separate le(els of codin .
Retrie(in Coded 2uotations

T!ere are different &ays to retrie(e coded se )ents. 2uotations for a sin le code or a co)%ination of codes+ Buotations displayed in t!e conte6t of t!eir pri)ary docu)ents+ or Buotations sent to a report. T!e si)plest Gretrie(alH is %y acti(atin a code in t!e Code Mana er &it! a dou%leAclic7.
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Acti(atin A 2uotation 0or A Code

2uotations are acti(ated differently in conte6t+ dependin on t!e )edia type.
A strai !tfor&ard )et!od is to display Buotations in conte6t. te6tual and rap!ical Buotations &ill %e selected in t!e docu)ent &!en acti(ated. A )ulti)edia Buotation %e ins to play &!en selected. :!en you select a code in t!e code dropAdo&n list or dou%leAclic7 an ite) in t!e Code Mana er+ t!e follo&in !appensAAdependin on !o& )any Buotations are coded to t!at code. 80 T*ERE 8S ?NLI ?NE 2U?TAT8?N 8f t!ere is only one Buotation for t!e selected code+ it &ill %e acti(ated i))ediately. 80 T*ERE ARE M?RE 2U?TAT8?NS Use t!e ne6t and pre(ious %utton in t!e Code Mana er to %ro&se t!rou ! all Buotations for a selected code. 8f )ore t!an one Buotation is associated &it! t!e code+ t!ey are offered in a popAup list. Selectin one of t!e Buotations acti(ates and displays it in conte6t.
0i ure 1>2. Si)ple retrie(al
Create A Report 0or Coded 2uotations

As an alternati(e to t!e conte6tual display of Buotations+ you can et different reports of t!e Buotations for a selected code. Reports are displayed in a te6t editor and can %e printed or sa(ed. To create a Buotation report. Select a code+ for instance in t!e Code Mana er. 0ro) t!e )ain )enu+ select C?'ES 5 ?UT4UT 5 2U?TAT8?NS 0?R SELECTE' C?'E. :!en selectin a code in t!e Code Mana er c!oose ?UT4UT 5 2U?TAT8?NS 0?R SELECTE' C?'E. Select t!e option 2U?TAT8?N L8ST if you only &ant a list of t!e BuotationsL na)es. T!is report is useful for nonAte6tual data &!ere t!e Buotations do not contain te6tual content.
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8f a co))ent !as %een &ritten for any of t!e Buotations+ you &ill %e as7ed &!et!er you also &ant to include t!e co))ents in t!e report. Ne6t+ you !a(e t!e option to send t!e report to an editor+ printer+ sa(e it to dis7 1option. 0ile3+ or to sa(e it and run t!e file in t!e standard RT0 application A usually :ord or :ordpad F 1option. 0ile C Run3.
0i ure 1>$. ?utput options
0or )ore report options+ c!ec7 out t!e EML E6plorer+ )ore specifically t!e section G:or7in &it! Style S!eetsG on pa e $//.
Reports ?n 2uotations 0or Code Co)%inations

Use t!e 2uery Tool for co)ple6 retrie(als of Buotations.
To retrie(e Buotations or enerate reports for co)%inations of codes use t!e 2uery Tool. 0or )ore infor)ation see G2uery ToolG on pa e 2=>.
?t!er 4laces To Acti(ate 2uotations

2uotations for a code can %e acti(ated fro) t!e )ar in area and any %ro&ser displayin codes. T!e Mar in Area displays codes 1and ot!er o%@ects3 associated &it! Buotations. Clic7in on a code in t!e )ar in area selects t!e associated Buotation in t!e pri)ary docu)ent pane. ,y acti(atin o%@ects in t!e *U E6plorer 1see GT!e *U E6plorerH on pa e $;>3 Buotations are displayed in conte6t si)ilar to t!e o%@ect )ana er. T!e Net&or7 Editor 1see GT!e Net&or7 Editor H on pa e $123 also offers access to associated Buotations (ia a nodeLs conte6t )enu. 8n t!e 2uery Tool 1pa e 27#3 you can acti(ate Buotations in t!e result pane of t!e Buery tool &indo&. Si)ilarly you can acti(ate Buotations in t!e CoA occurence Tools t!at result fro) a coAoccurence Buery 1pa e 2/13.
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Te6t Searc! C Auto Codin

T!e Te6t Searc! Tool is used to searc! &it!in pri)ary te6ts for t!e occurrence of specific te6t strin s t!at )atc! a desi nated strin or pattern. T!e Te6t Searc! Tool offers t!ree distinct )et!ods entitled Standard Searc!+ Cate ory Searc! and GRE4 Searc! to scan pri)ary te6ts for specified te6t patterns. T!e functionality of t!e Te6t Searc! Tool is also fully inte rated into t!e AutoACodin Tool 1see GT!e AutoACodin ToolH on pa e 21/3. T!e searc! )ode is auto)atically deter)ined %y t!e 7ind of searc! strin entered. Re ular E6pression searc! 1GRE43+ !o&e(er+ )ust %e e6plicitly selected. 8f you need to 7no& &!at GRE4 stands for and &!at GRE4 searc!es are+ a detailed e6planation is pro(ided at GGRE4 Searc!H on pa e 21=.
T!e Te6t Searc! Tool

To ?pen T!e Te6t Searc! Tool
Load a pri)ary te6t.
Clic7 t!is %utton to acti(ate te6t searc! S!ortAcut. CtrlA0
0i ure 1><. Te6t searc! tool
Eit!er clic7 t!e te6t searc! %utton in t!e 4' tool%ar+ select E'8T 5 SEARC* fro) t!e )ain )enu+ or use t!e 7ey co)%ination CTRLA0.
8f t!e docu)ent is in Edit )ode+ CtrlA0 opens a :indo&s standard te6t searc!. Use t!e )enu option or t!e searc! %utton instead. 8nitially+ t!e status %ar displays t!e current searc! )ode 1in t!e fi ure a%o(e. Standard Searc! Mode3. 'urin a searc! acti(ity+ t!is is t!e place &!ere you s!ould loo7 for &arnin s and )essa es. Not all options are a(aila%le for e(ery type of searc!. 0or instance+ %ac7&ard and case sensiti(e searc!es are not a(aila%le for Cate ory Searc! 1see %elo&3.
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A te6t searc! al&ays starts fro) t!e current position of t!e te6t cursor in t!e currently selected pri)ary te6t. :!en t!e end of t!is docu)ent is reac!ed+ you are as7ed if t!e searc! s!ould continue t!rou ! t!e rest of t!e pri)ary te6t docu)ents.
Standard Searc! Mode

Use t!e standard searc! )ode &!en you &ant to find e6act+ specified strin s of c!aracters. :ord %oundaries are not reco niDed in t!is )ode. *ence+ searc!in for Kt!eK &ould also find instances li7e K%ot!er+K Kt!ere+K and Kt!eater.K Searc!es t!at reco niDe &ord %oundaries are a(aila%le &it! t!e Cate ory Searc! or %y usin appropriate GRE4 patterns. T? START A STAN'AR' SEARC* ?pen t!e Te6t Searc! tool. Enter a strin into t!e entry field. T!e searc! strin s!ould contain t!e special GpipeH c!aracter KhK as t!is initiates t!e Cate ory Searc!. Unc!ec7 GRE4 )ode. Set Case Sensiti(e as needed. Start t!e searc! %y clic7in t!e Ne6t or 4re(ious %utton. T&o searc! options are a(aila%le in standard searc! )ode to control t!e searc!. CASE SENS8T8-E C!ec7 t!e CASE SENS8T8-E %o6 if you &ant c!aracters to )atc! t!e searc!ed te6t e6actly. 8f CASE SENS8T8-E is selected+ you &ill not find KLo(eK &!en you searc! for Klo(eK. GRE4 M?'E C!ec7in t!e GRE4 %o6 ena%les GRE4 )ode. 8f unc!ec7ed+ t!e Searc! Tool is in KstandardK )ode. Iou )ay use t!e standard &ildcard ] c!aracter e(en &it!out GRE4. More discussion on GRE4 searc!es is pro(ided at GGRE4 Searc!H on pa e 21=.
Cate ory Searc!

T!e Cate ory Searc! )et!od co)%ines t&o po&erful tec!niBues. 4arallel searc! is a sop!isticated )et!od t!at !andles te6tual (ariations. Iou )ay specify a nu)%er of patterns t!at scan t!e te6t si)ultaneously. Secondly+ searc! e6pressions 1Gsearc! s&ar)sH3 can %e stored as a searc! cate ory and later reused. ,esides %ein s!ort and !andy+ a furt!er ad(anta e of cate ories is t!at t!eir contents can %e )odified later &it!out c!an in a sin le c!aracter in ot!er e6pressions usin t!is cate ory.
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Cate ories are reusa%le+ na)ed searc! s&ar)s.
Cate ories allo& a%straction fro) t!e searc! strin itself and per)it easy reAuse of co)ple6 e6pressions in later searc!es. :it! t!e si)ultaneous use of &ildcards+ a searc! reBuest usin a searc! s&ar) )i !t loo7 as follo&s. *caus*|why|*efore|si ce! T!e indi(idual ele)ents of t!e searc! s&ar) are deli)ited %y t!e (ertical %ar c!aracter GhH. T!e %ar can %e read as a 1,oolean3 K?R.K T!e searc! defined a%o(e yields te6t passa es includin any of t!e follo&in strin s. K%ecause+K Kcauses+K Kcausation+K K%efore+K and Kt!erefore+K K&!y+K and Ksince.K 'E08N8NG CATEG?R8ES Searc! s&ar)s t!at !a(e pro(en useful can %e assi ned na)es 1searc! cate ories3 in ATLAS.ti to facilitate reAuse. 0or e6a)ple+ CA"#E $% *caus* | why | *efore | si ce defines CAUSE as a place!older for t!e ori inal searc! s&ar). T!erefore+ instead of retypin len t!y searc! strin s+ t!e user )ay later si)ply type t!e searc! cate ory KiCAUSEK into t!e entry field. T!e dollar si n is a special c!aracter t!at indicates t!at t!e content of t!e CAUSE cate ory is to %e used for t!e searc! and not t!e strin KCAUSEK itself. T!erefore do not use t!e i si n to start a cate ory na)e. Cate ories can %e )i6ed &it! ordinary strin s to %uild co)ple6 searc! reBuests suc! as. u ti&|'CA"#E|whe 'o not )ista7e searc! cate ories for codes. Searc! cate ories are s!ortcuts for co)ple6 searc! procedures+ &!ile codes are concepts representin so)e le(el of interpretation. *o&e(er+ &!en usin searc! cate ories e6tensi(ely and %uildin !ierarc!ies of searc! cate ories+ suc! a KparaAta6ono)yH )i !t sti)ulate t!e construction of a )atc!in net&or7 of codes.
Create !ierarc!ies of searc! s&ar)s %y e)%eddin e6istin cate ories.
*8ERARC*8ES ?0 SEARC* CATEG?R8ES As cate ories )ay %e ele)ents of ot!er cate ories+ recursi(e searc! trees of ar%itrary dept! )ay %e defined.
Categories
*$)+,"+!
*-+S$)+ *.+/$
*!$#$)+ *1!#$2
lo&e0lo&ing0belo&ed0lo&er0
Search Swarm
0i ure 1>=. *ierarc!y of searc! cate ories
T!e definition for t!e ta6ono)y a%o(e is as follo&s. E(OT)O* $% '+O#E(O|'*EGE(O
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+O#E(O $% ',O-E|etc! *EGE(O $% 'A*GER ,O-E % &o.e|&o.i g|be&o.e/|&o.er Suc! cate ory structures are efficient tools to e6ploit t!e literal properties of t!e te6tual )aterials you use in your researc!. ?f course+ t!is tool does not find rele(ant infor)ation %eyond t!e c!aracters specified in t!e searc!. *?: T? USE CATEG?RI SEARC* ?pen t!e Te6t Searc! tool.
0i ure 1>;. Selectin an e6istin searc! cate ory in t!e Te6t Searc! tool
Enter a ne& searc! s&ar) or select an e6istin cate ory fro) t!e li%rary of searc! s&ar)s %y clic7in on t!e drop do&n %utton at t!e ri !t of t!e entry field. Clic7 Ne6t.
List of e6a)ple searc! cate ories in t!e standard searc! li%rary.
:!en usin Cate ory Searc!+ so)e of t!e controls %eco)e disa%led. Cate ory Searc! cannot %e co)%ined &it! GRE4 )ode+ can ne(er %e case sensiti(e+ and t!e 4re(ious %utton cannot %e used. T? 'E08NE A NE: CATEG?RI ?pen t!e Te6t Searc! tool. Enter a ne& definition into t!e entry field usin t!e follo&in synta6.
CATEGORY NAME:= 0stri g or 'category1|0stri g or 'category1| etc!

:!en definin a ne& cate ory do not prefi6 its na)e &it! a GiH. As soon as you press t!e NEET %utton+ a ne& cate ory is created and a searc! for t!e first occurrence starts. T!is cate ory is no& a(aila%le to you for t!e current &or7 session. 8f t!e ne& cate ory s!ould %e a(aila%le in t!e future+ you need to sa(e it to t!e searc! li%rary.
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Clic7 on t!e ?ptions %utton and select SA-E CATEG?R8ES. 8n case you do not &ant to create )ultiple searc! li%raries+ add your ne& cate ory to t!e e6istin searc! li%rary &it! t!e na)e. src!%i%.s7t and sa(e it at t!e su ested location in t!e ATLASti folder. MANAG8NG SEARC* CATEG?R8ES Searc! cate ories are )ana ed in searc! li%raries.
Create searc! li%raries for different lan ua es+ different topics+ different pro@ects+ etc.
?n startup+ ATLAS.ti loads a default li%rary of searc! cate ories na)ed src!%i%.s7t. Iou can update t!is li%rary %y addin ne& cate ories and re)o(in or )odifyin e6istin cate ories. 8t is also possi%le to create co)pletely ne& searc! li%raries t!at %etter fit your reBuire)ents 1different lan ua es+ do)ains+ etc.3. To )ana e cate ories+ t!ree options are a(aila%le. Clic7 t!e ?4T8?NS %utton in t!e Te6t Searc! &indo& for t!is )enu.
0i ure 1>7. Accessin t!e searc! li%rary in t!e te6t searc! tool
Load Cate ories opens a file dialo &indo& s!o&in e6istin searc! li%rary files li7e searc!%i%.s7t or src!%i%.s7t. 8f you select a li%rary in t!e file dialo &indo&+ t!e cate ories fro) t!at li%rary are added to t!e currently loaded cate ories. Sa(e Cate ories stores t!e currently loaded and ne&ly created searc! cate ories in t!e default li%rary file 1src!%i%.s7t3 or a ne& file. 8f you c!oose a ne& na)e+ %e sure to i(e t!e file t!e e6tension SRT+ as in K dutc!.s7tK. To clear t!e internal data%ase of searc! cate ories %efore loadin ne& ones+ use t!e option 'elete Cate ory. T!is opens a )ultiple selection list &indo&. C!oose one or )ore cate ories to %e re)o(ed fro) t!e internal data%ase of searc! cate ories. Iou can use t!e standard :indo&s tec!niBues for )ultiple selections usin t!e Ctrl+ Alt+ or S!ift 7eys in co)%ination &it! t!e left )ouse %utton.
GRE4 Searc!
GRE4 searc!es are (ery fle6i%le.
GRE4 is a &ellA7no&n searc! tool in t!e UN8E &orld. T!e ori inal GRE4 tool printed eac! line containin t!e searc! pattern+ !ence t!e acrony) GRE4 1GGlo%ally loo7 for Re ular E6pression and 4rint3. 8n ATLAS.ti+ t!e results of a GRE4 searc! are not printed lineA%yAline9 rat!er+ t!e te6t )atc!in t!e searc! pattern is !i !li !ted on t!e screen.
Re ular E6pressions efficiently e6ploit t!e syntactical properties of t!e tec!nical de(ice called Kte6t.K
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T!e core of a GRE4 searc! is t!e inclusion of special c!aracters in t!e searc! strin t!at control t!e )atc!in process. GRE4 finds instances in your data t!at )atc! certain patterns. T!e ATLAS.ti GRE4 searc! offers a su%set of t!e Re ular E6pression lan ua e used in sop!isticated te6t searc! syste)s. 8t is a(aila%le in all operations usin te6t )atc!es. T!e )ain &indo&+ in co))ents+ and )e)os+ te6t searc!+ t!e ?%@ect Cra&ler+ and in t!e Auto Codin tool.
Supported GRE4 E6pressions

ATLAS.tiO uses t!e en ine created %y -assili ,y7o( to process GRE4 %ased te6t searc! Bueries. 0or detailed infor)ation a%out re ular e6pressions see !ttp.55en.&i7ipedia.or 5&i7i5Re ularPe6pression
GR%P %xpression
Description
d i . _ ] U Z[
Matc!es an e)pty strin at t!e %e innin of a line. Matc!es an e)pty strin at t!e end of a line. Matc!es any c!aracter e6cept a ne& line. Matc!es at least one occurrence of t!e precedin e6pression or c!aracter. Matc!es t!e precedin ele)ent Dero or )ore ti)es. 0or e6a)ple+ ab*c )atc!es KacK+ Ka%cK+ Ka%%%cK+ etc. Matc!es t!e precedin ele)ent Dero or one ti)e. 0or e6a)ple+ ba2 )atc!es K%K or K%aK. Z[ Matc!es a ran e or set of c!aracters. 3a456 or 37486 or 3aeiou6. 0or e6a)ple. 37486 finds all nu)eric c!aracters+ &!ile 397486 finds all nonAnu)eric c!aracter Matc!es an e)pty strin at a &ord %oundary Matc!es an e)pty strin not a &ord %oundary Matc!es an e)pty strin at t!e %e innin of a &ord Matc!es an e)pty strin at t!e end of a &ord T!e escape c!aracter disa%les t!e special GRE4 functionality of t!e follo&in c!aracter. 0or e6a)ple. :3 )atc!es an openin %rac7et. ?R. Enclose ?Red e6pressions &it! parent!eses if ?R s!ould %e restricted to certain seBuences of c!aracters or e6pressions
j% j, jS jT j
E6a)ple T!e e6pression ;a |wo;a )atc!es K)anK and K&o)anK. Iou could also use <|wo=;a to t!e sa)e effect. ><a|e=&&o )atc!es K*elloK and K*alloK. ><a|e=?&&o )atc!es G*aaaaaalloH as &ell as G*eeeeeaaaaeaeaeaeaello.H
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And !o& a%out the <a gry|&a5y|stu@i/= <;a |wo;a = <wa&A| ru |@&ay|fight=i g with the gr<a|e=y /og F et t!e ideaU
GR%P %xpression
Description
:/ :B :s :# :w :C
Matc!es any di it 1eBui(alent to Z#A/[3 Matc!es anyt!in %ut a di it Matc!es a &!iteAspace c!aracter Matc!es anyt!in %ut a &!iteAspace c!aracter Matc!es any &ord constituent c!aracter any c!aracter %ut a &ord constituent
T!ese escapes are also allo&ed in c!aracter classes. 3:w?46 )eans Gany c!aracter t!at is eit!er a &ord constituent+ or a plus+ or a )inus.H E6a)ples :0:w?:1 )atc!es any &!ole &ord :033$a&@ha$66?:1 )atc!es &!ole &ords containin only alp!anu)eric c!aracters. C!aracter classes can also include t!e follo&in ele)ents.
3$a& u;$6 3$a&@ha$6 3$c tr&$6 3$/igit$6 3$gra@h$6 3$&ower$6 3$@u ct$6 3$s@ace$6 3$u@@er$6 3$D/igit$6 Any alp!anu)eric+ i.e.+ a &ord constituent+ c!aracter Any alp!a%etic c!aracter Any control c!aracter. 8n t!is (ersion+ it )eans any c!aracter &!ose ASC88 code is S $2. Any deci)al di it Any rap!ical c!aracter. 8n t!is (ersion+ t!is )ean any c!aracter &it! t!e code TN $2. Any lo&ercase c!aracter any punctuation c!aracter Any &!iteAspace c!aracter Any uppercase c!aracter Any !e6adeci)al c!aracter
Note t!at t!ese ele)ents are co)ponents of t!e c!aracter classes+ i. e. t!ey !a(e to %e enclosed in an e6tra set of sBuare %rac7ets to for) a (alid re ular e6pression. A nonAe)pty strin of di its or ar%itrary len t! &ould %e represented as 33$/igit$66?
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E6a)ples ?f GRE4 Searc!es

8n t!e follo&in + a fe& searc! e6a)ples are presented s!o&in t!e )atc!in GRE4 e6pression in t!e colu)n on t!e ri !t.
%xamples GR%P expression
0ind te6t 1of ar%itrary len t!3 enclosed &it!in %rac7ets. Note t!at t!e %rac7ets !a(e to %e escaped &it! K:K as t!ey are t!e)sel(es control c!aracters 0ind all years %et&een 2##1 and 2##<. 0ind all nu)%ers &it! 2 di its at t!e end of a line or para rap!. 0ind all KMeyerKs A spelled in four different &ays. 0ind all lines 1para rap!s3 startin &it! one ar%itrary letter follo&ed %y a colon. 8f you searc! for a KdK follo&in t!e colon you &ill !a(e to use t!e Escape c!aracter. d.j.d ?t!er&ise+ t!e letter GdH &ould %e interpreted as a di it.
:3!*:6 277314E6 :/:/' (3ae63iy6er 9!3$6
To Start A GRE4 Searc!

?pen t!e Te6t Searc! tool. Enter a searc! pattern 10i ure $$7s!o&s an e6a)ple3.
T!e searc! e6pression entered in t!e te6t searc! &indo& to t!e ri !t finds all $A di it nu)%ers &it! t!e last di it %ein a 7+ >+ or /. T!is can %e a useful searc! to find certain social security nu)%ers or ot!er personal identification nu)%ers.
C!ec7 t!e Use GRE4 %o6.
0i ure 1>>. Searc! e6pression dialo
Clic7 on t!e 4re(ious or Ne6t %utton. T!e Case Sensiti(e option )ay %e used in co)%ination &it! a GRE4 searc!.
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T!e AutoACodin Tool

T!e AutoACodin tool finds te6t passa es+ selects a specified a)ount of te6t 1e. .+ t!e e6act )atc!+ or spread to t!e surroundin &ord+ sentence+ or para rap!3+ and t!en codes t!e passa es &it! a pre(iously selected code. AutoAcodin is useful &!en codin structural infor)ation li7e spea7er turns in roup inter(ie&s+ or ot!er sections t!at can easily %e identified %y a te6t searc!. AutoAcodin allo&s you to Buic7ly collect ideas t!at %elon to a certain concept on t!e %asis of &ords or patterns found in t!e te6t.
Concepts
T!e AutoACodin 'ialo
AutoACodin N Te6t Searc! _ Auto)atic Se )entation _ Codin
T!e AutoACodin tool co)%ines t!e Te6t Searc! tool &it! an auto)atic se )entation and code assi n)ent )ec!anis). To open t!e AutoACodin 'ialo + select C?'ES 5 C?'8NG 5 `AUT? C?'8NG fro) t!e )ain )enu.
0i ure 1>/. Auto Codin 'ialo &indo&
Note t!e NE: C?'E %utton+ &!ic! allo&s you to create codes on t!e fly for t!e autoAcodin procedure.
T!e Ne& Code %utton allo&s you to create codes on t!e fly.
,ased on t!e GRE4 searc! e6pression s!o&n in t!e a%o(e fi ure+ all occurrences of strin Spea7er 1. located at t!e %e innin of a para rap! in all te6tual 4ds are found. Ne6t+ t!e &!ole spea7er unit 1&!ic! could contain one ore )ore para rap!s3 &ill %e selected %efore a Buotation is created and t!e code GSpea7er 1H &ill %e assi ned.
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T!e option C?N08RM AL:AIS is deacti(ated as t!e searc! is una)%i uous and is li7ely to yield t!e desired results.
Searc! E6pression
T!e top part of t!e AutoACodin 'ialo &indo& rese)%les t!e Te6t Searc! tool 1see GT!e Te6t Searc! ToolH on pa e 2113. Searc! e6pressions can %e entered or searc! cate ories can %e selected. T!e searc! )ode can also %e set in a si)ilar &ay as for t!e Te6t Searc! tool.
Scope ?f Searc!
Scope of Searc! can %e all te6tual 4's+ t!e selected 4' only+ or it )ay %e restricted to a set of te6ts fro) a 4' fa)ily. :!en you c!oose GAll current 4's+H t!e searc! starts at t!e %e innin of t!e currently selected pri)ary te6t.
0i ure 1/#. Selectin t!e scope of searc! for auto codin
8f KSelected 4'K is c!osen+ t!e autoAcodin process starts at t!e current position of t!e te6t cursor.
Se )ent SiDe
:!en a )atc!ed strin is found+ t!e siDe of t!e se )ent to %e coded can %e specified as follo&s. T!e E6act Matc! only T!e :ord surroundin t!e )atc!ed strin T!e Sentence surroundin t!e )atc!ed strin T!e )atc!ed strin e6panded to para rap! %oundaries 1Sin le *ard Return3. T!e )atc!ed strin e6panded to one or )ore para rap!s up to t!e ne6t %lan7 lines 1Multiple *ard Returns3. T!is option is useful if you !a(e infor)ation t!at s!ould %e re arded as one unit+ %ut is separated in )ultiple para rap!s. All Te6t of t!e 4' containin a )atc!. :!en transcri%in + enter a %lan7 line %et&een spea7er turns if you are oin to to use t!e autoAcodin tool for codin spea7er units.
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Test Iour Searc! E6pression

Test searc! patterns &it! t!e Te6t Searc! tool first.
T!e AutoACodin tool creates a ne& Buotation for e(ery )atc!ed te6t passa e t!at is not yet a Buotation. A potentially lar e nu)%er of inadeBuate Buotations could %e produced %y an i)precise searc!. 0or t!is reason+ you s!ould al&ays test a searc! pattern %y usin t!e Te6t Searc! tool first 1see GT!e Te6t Searc! ToolH on pa e 2113 or select t!e Confir) option and clic7 S7ip. T!is test &ill i(e an indication if t!e final searc! &ill yield )eanin ful results. T!e ad(anta e of testin &it! t!e Te6t Searc! tool is t!at no Buotations are created. Anot!er option is to auto code into a ne& code. 8f you later find out t!at t!e searc! did not yield ood results+ you can delete t!e code and all created Buotations &it! t&o )ouse clic7s and try a different searc!.
*o& To AutoACode
AutoAcodin can %e fully auto)atic or se)iAauto)atic. T!e sections %elo& &ill clarify t!e difference and &ill s!o& t!e ad(anta es of eac! )et!od.
0ully Auto)atic Codin

Select t!e 4' you &ant to code usin t!e autoAcodin procedure. 8f you only &ant to autoAcode t!e current te6t+ load t!e 4' in Buestion. 8f you &ant to autoAcode all te6ts+ load t!e first 4' and position t!e cursor at t!e %e innin of t!e docu)ent. To open t!e AutoACodin tool+ c!oose C?'ES 5 C?'8NG 5 ` AUT? C?'8NG fro) t!e )ain )enu. 8f no code is selected+ select a code fro) t!e dropAdo&n list at t!e top of t!e AutoACodin tool. Enter a ne& searc! strin or c!oose an e6istin searc! cate ory. Specify t!e searc! scope+ e. . KSelected 4'K Specify t!e se )ent siDe. Start t!e process %y clic7in START.
Se)iAAuto)atic Codin
As it is not al&ays desira%le to let t!e pro ra) decide &!et!er or not to code a i(en te6t passa e+ you can control t!e process %y c!ec7in KConfir) al&ays.K Specific confir)ation fro) t!e user on eac! ne& code &ill t!en %e reBuested. An e6a)ple for t!e usa e of se)iAauto)atic codin &ould %e to code for t!e concept Gdistress.H 8ndications t!at a person )i !t %e distressed could %e &ords li7e ner(ousness+ tension+ unease+ ed iness+ etc. 8n order to capture t!is+ you &ould do t!e follo&in .
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Create a code &it! t!e na)e 'istress. ?pen t!e AutoACodin tool. Select t!e appropriate code. 8n t!e searc! entry field define a ne& cate ory %y enterin . B)#TRE##$% er.ous|te s|u eas|e/g|....etc. T!e ?R operator in t!is e6a)ple is )ar7ed in red for (isi%ility only. T!e searc! ter) in ATLAS.ti does not s!o& colors or for)attin . 'ependin on your data set+ select a suita%le scope of searc! 1current 4'+ all 4's+ or a specific 4' fa)ily3. Select t!e se )ent siDe to %e coded+ e. . sentence. C!ec7 Confir) Al&ays and clic7 on t!e START %utton. E(ery ti)e t!e pro ra) finds a piece of te6t t!at )atc!es your searc! cate ory+ it stops t!e searc! and !i !li !ts t!e te6t it !as found. Iou can t!en read t!e surroundin conte6t and decide &!et!er t!e te6t passa e really !as so)et!in to do &it! distress. 8f it does+ clic7 C?'E 8T+ ot!er&ise clic7 SR84 8T. T!e pro ra) continues to searc! for t!e ne6t )atc!. Iou can unc!ec7 t!e C?N08RM AL:AIS %o6 at any ti)e and let ATLAS.ti scan t!rou ! t!e rest of your te6ts &it!out pro)ptin for furt!er confir)ation.
,rus!in Aup Results After AutoACodin

Since no auto)atic searc! can uarantee 1##a )eanin ful results+ t!e Buotations created and assi ned to t!e selected code durin autoAcodin s!ould %e screened and )odified if needed. C*ECR8NG AN' M?'80I8NG 2U?TAT8?NS Close t!e AutoACodin tool. ?pen %ot! t!e Code Mana er and t!e 2uotation Mana er. Select t!e code you @ust used for autoAcodin . 8n t!e 2uotation Mana er+ set t!e Buotation filter to KSelected CodeK. Clic7 t!e Created colu)n !eader to find all recently created Buotations at t!e top of t!e list. ,ro&se t!rou ! t!e Buotations assi ned to t!is code %y usin t!e NEET and 4RE-8?US %uttons in t!e 2uotation Mana er. Modify or delete )isali ned or inappropriate Buotations. See GModifyin Te6tual and 4'0 2uotationsH on pa e 171.
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4reparin 'ocu)ents ?pti)iDed 0or AutoACodin

T!e follo&in instructions are useful for preparin transcriptions of focus roup sessions+ Buestionnaires+ or inter(ie&s. Suc! data usually contains different spea7ersL sections. T!e !ints i(en !ere also apply for ot!er docu)ents t!at include sections you &is! to identify for autoAcodin . 8t &ould %e tedious to code spea7er or section turns )anually. T&o t!in s are needed. A ood G)ar7erH for &!ic! to searc! and+ once t!e )ar7er is found+ a relia%le identification of t!e unit 1sentence+ para rap!3 to %e coded. 8nsert easily identifia%le )ar7up in t!e te6t to let t!e autoAcodin pattern )atc!er do t!is for you. 0or proper )ar7up+ a little 7no&led e re ardin t!e autoAcoderLs searc! procedure is !elpful. 8n co)%ination &it! a fe& for)attin rules+ docu)ents can %e created t!at can readily support autoAcodin Buite a %it. 0or t!e autoAcodin tool to yield useful results+ it is necessary to properly structure t!e source te6t usin uniBue identifiers. Si)ple e6a)ples are. 4. or S4eterTfor a respondent &it! t!e na)e 4eter #7A#1A11letter for a letter &ritten on t!e first of Wuly 2#11. T!e identifier s!ould %e used e6clusi(ely to )ar7 passa es in t!e te6t t!at indeed relate to t!e person or o%@ect identified. T!e plain &ord 4eter &ill li7ely also occur else&!ere in t!e te6t 1for instance+ &!en anot!er person is referrin to 4eter3. T!e )ar7up K4.K or S4eterT !o&e(er+ is unli7ely to occur else&!ere . 8n order for t!e AutoACodin tool to select a co)plete spea7er section+ a section deli)iter is needed. As discussed a%o(e+ a spea7er or section turn &ill start &it! t!e spea7erLs identifier )ar7up. T!e end of a section is %est )ar7ed %y an e)pty line. ,y doin t!is+ you can still use sin le !ard returns to se )ent a spea7er section into para rap!s. :!en autoAcodin suc! a docu)ent+ you &ould c!oose MULT8 *AR' RETURNS for e6tendin t!e )atc!ed te6t. Usin S4eterT as t!e searc! pattern &ould t!en yield a Buotation includin e(eryt!in fro) S4eterT up to t!e e)pty line.
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0i ure 1/1. E6a)ple transcript
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0a)ily Life
Wust as codes descri%e sets of Buotations+ fa)ilies cluster 4ri)ary 'ocu)ents+ Codes+ and Me)os. ?ne i)portant o%@ecti(e is to )ana e lar e a)ounts of o%@ects %y classifyin t!e) into su%sets+ e. .+ all t!eoretical codes+ all 4's fro) respondents of a certain a e roup or location+ all )e)os related to a t!e)e+ etc.
4urpose ?f Creatin And :or7in :it! 0a)ilies

8n t!e follo&in + t!e role of fa)ilies as (aria%les+ super fa)ilies and for controllin t!e *U )er e procedure are introduced. :!ile fa)ilies are used to classify a roup of o%@ects+ t!e o%@ects t!ey classify can %e )e)%ers of )ore t!an one fa)ily. Unli7e Net&or7 -ie&s+ &!ic! can contain o%@ects of different types as nodes+ fa)ilies can only contain one type of o%@ect. 0or e6a)ple+ a code can ne(er %e a )e)%er of a )e)o fa)ily. 4artitionin o%@ects into fa)ilies reduces t!e nu)%er of Kc!un7sK reBuirin t!e researc!erOs attention. 0a)ilies are often used for filterin 1see GSortin and 0ilterin H on pa e $7>3+ and &!en for)ulatin Bueries in t!e 2uery Tool 1see GCreatin a 2uery &it! t!e 2uery ToolH on pa e 2;73. T!e side panels in t!e )ana ers offer a con(enient &ay to create t!e) and to set t!e) as local and lo%al filters 1see GT!e Mana er Side 4anel G on pa e =2. E6a)ple. :!en conductin an inter(ie& study &it! respondents fro) (arious %ac7 rounds and locations+ 4' fa)ilies can %e created to classify t!e respondents into. 0e)ale 5 Male Location A+ Location ,+ Location C A e Group 1 12#A$#3+ A e Group 2 1$1A<#3+ A e Group $ 1<1A=#3 ,lueAcollar &or7er+ :!iteAcollar &or7er+ Mana e)ent+ etc. 0a)ilies )a7e effecti(e userAdefined filters. 0or e6a)ple+ you can filter 4's to only (ie& fe)ale respondents. 8n t!e 2uery Tool+ 4' fa)ilies can %e used to restrict t!e scope of t!e searc!. 0or e6a)ple+ you can as7 for all Buotations coded %y CodePA and CodeP, t!at occur in docu)ents of &!iteAcollar fe)ale respondents fro) location ,.
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T!e 4'A0a)ily ta%le function pro(ides a con(enient &ay to i)port and e6port (aria%les 1see %elo& for a detailed e6planation3. Code fa)ilies can %e used to loosely roup codes t!at %elon to et!er. Iou can use t!e) to sort+ filter and or aniDe your codes in t!e Code Mana er (ia t!e side panel. ?t!er t!an in Net&or7 -ie&s &!ere specific relations!ips %et&een codes need to %e defined+ in code fa)ilies it is not necessary to specify t!e &ays in &!ic! codes relate to eac! ot!er. Use )e)o fa)ilies to sort+ filter+ and or aniDe your )e)os.
Super 0a)ilies
Super 0a)ilies are co)%ination of ot!er fa)ilies 1includin ot!er Super 0a)ilies3. Iou can %uild co)ple6 fa)ilies incre)entally fro) e6istin fa)ilies usin a set of po&erful ,oolean operators. 0ro) a tec!nical perspecti(e Super 0a)ilies function @ust li7e Super Codes 1see GSuper CodesH on pa e 27$3. T!ey can eit!er %e created in t!e super fa)ily tool or in t!e side panels of Mana ers 1see GCreatin Super 0a)ilies as Glo%al 0iltersG on pa e =>.
Usin 0a)ilies :!en Mer in *er)eneutic Units

A special application of fa)ilies is used to specify t!e sets of o%@ects to %e e6cluded in t!e process of )er in *er)eneutic Units 1see GMer in *er)eneutic UnitsH on pa e 1=<3.
Co))on 4rocedures
Alt!ou ! t!e !andlin of fa)ilies and t!eir )e)%ers is identical+ t!eir usa e differs %et&een types of fa)ilies. 8n t!e follo&in + t!e eneral aspects of and procedures for &or7in &it! fa)ilies are descri%ed. T!ereafter+ a description of specific c!aracteristics of t!e different fa)ily types follo&s. All procedures for displayin + editin + and creatin fa)ilies are found in t!e )enus of t!eir o%@ect type 1i. e.+ under t!e 'ocu)ents+ Codes+ and Me)os )enus3. 0a)ilies can %e created in %ot! t!e 0a)ily Mana er and t!e side panels of t!e respecti(e Mana ers 1see GT!e Mana er Side 4anel G on pa e =2. T!e 0a)ily Mana er offers a fe& )ore options t!an t!e side panel. T!e side panels are !o&e(er %etter inte rated into t!e re ular &or7Aflo&. T!us+ for daily re ular acti(ities you are li7ely to use t!e side panels+ for )ore selecti(e operations t!e 0a)ily Mana ers.
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T!e 0a)ily Mana er

Usin t!e 0a)ily Mana er you can create+ edit+ and delete fa)ilies. Iou can add and re)o(e ite)s 1\fa)ily )e)%ersL3+ &rite co))ents concernin a particular fa)ily+ or set a fa)ily as filter.
0i ure 1/2. 4ri)ary 'ocu)ent 0a)ily Mana er
0a)ily Mana ers and t!e procedures descri%ed in t!e follo&in are t!e sa)e for all fa)ily types.
Co)ponents ?f T!e 0a)ily Mana er

T!e 0a)ily Mana erLs )ain pane lists all fa)ilies for t!e specific o%@ect type. T!e &indo& displays t!e na)e+ 1)e)%er3 siDe+ aut!or+ and creation and )odification dates 1not currently (isi%le3. T!e colu)ns can %e used to sort t!e fa)ilies accordin to t!ese criteria %y clic7in t!e colu)n !eader. T!e left list %elo& t!e fa)ily list displays t!e Gfa)ily )e)%ersH already assi ned. T!e t&o %uttons %et&een t!e list panes are for assi nin or re)o(in ite)s fro) t!e selected fa)ily. T!e ri !t list displays all ite)s not currently assi ned to t!e selected fa)ily. T!e co))ent area contains an optional description for t!e fa)ily.
To ?pen A 0a)ily Mana er

Select 0AM8L8ES 5 ?4EN 0AM8LI MANAGER fro) t!e '?CUMENTS+ C?'ES+ or MEM?S )enu.
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T!e 0AM8L8ES su%)enu is a(aila%le fro) t!e 'ocu)ents+ Codes and Me)os )enu. T!e 0a)ily Mana er is also a(aila%le %y clic7in t!e 0a)ily %utton in t!e correspondin ?%@ect Mana er 1see left3.
Creatin 0a)ilies
,efore usin a fa)ily+ it )ust first %e created in t!e 0a)ily Mana er. ?pen t!e 0a)ily Mana er for 4's+ codes+ or )e)os. Clic7 t!e %utton CREATE A NE: 8TEM or select t!e )enu option 0AM8L8ES 5 NE: 0AM8LI. Enter a na)e &!en pro)pted and clic7 ?R. 8f you enter t!e na)e of an already e6istin fa)ily+ you &ill !ear an error sound. A )essa e pops up lettin you 7no& t!at t!e entered na)e is not accepted. No& you can add )e)%ers and &rite a preli)inary co))ent descri%in t!e fa)ily. T!e nu)%er of ite)s in a fa)ily is displayed %e!ind t!e fa)ilyOs na)e in parent!eses.
Addin Me)%ers
After a fa)ily is created+ addin )e)%ers is often t!e ne6t lo ical step. *o&e(er+ t!e assi n)ent and re)o(al of ite)s can %e done at any ti)e durin t!e life cycle of a fa)ily. To add ne& ite)s to a fa)ily. Select a fa)ily. 8f you !a(e @ust created t!e fa)ily+ it is already selected. Select one or )ore ite)s in t!e list pane on t!e ri !t !and side. Clic7 t!e Add 8te)s %utton to )a7e t!e selected ite)s )e)%ers of t!e selected fa)ily 1see 0i ure 1/$3. 8f you &ant to add one ite) at a ti)e+ you can si)ply dou%leAclic7 an ite).
0i ure 1/$. Addin )e)%ers to a fa)ily
:atc! t!e )e)%er list %ein populated &it! t!e ite)s you !a(e @ust added.
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Anot!er &ay to add )e)%ers is to dra t!e) fro) an ?%@ect Mana er+ t!e *U E6plorer+ or t!e )ar in area into t!e )e)%erLs pane.
Re)o(in Me)%ers
Re)o(in )e)%ers is not possi%le in t!e side panels. ?pen t!e 0a)ily Mana er for t!e rele(ant o%@ect type. Select a fa)ily. Select one or )ore ite)s in t!e list pane for )e)%ers. Clic7 t!e Re)o(e 8te)s %utton to re)o(e t!e selected ite)s fro) t!e selected fa)ily. T!e ite)s are only deleted fro) t!is fa)ily and not fro) t!e syste). 8f you &ant to re)o(e one ite) at a ti)e+ you can si)ply dou%leAclic7 on eac! ite). 8f you delete o%@ects t!at %elon to a fa)ily so)e&!ere else+ t!ey &ill %e re)o(ed auto)atically fro) all t!eir !ostin fa)ilies.
Assi nin 0a)ilies To ?%@ects

T!e option E'8T 0AM8L8ES 5 ASS8GN 0AM8L8ES is anot!er &ay of addin )e)%ers to a fa)ily. T!is option allo&s you to easily assi n suita%le attri%utes to o%@ects eit!er selected in t!e 0a)ily Assi ner or an ?%@ect Mana er.
Assi nin 0a)ilies To ?%@ects 8n T!e 0a)ily Assi ner

?pen t!e 0a)ily Assi ner. ...5 0AM8L8ES 5 ASS8GN 0AM8L8ES. Select an o%@ect 1in t!e e6a)ple %elo&+ it is a pri)ary docu)ent3 in t!e top pane and t!en t!e appropriate fa)ilies in t!e lo&er ri !t !and side. Clic7 t!e Add 8te)s %utton to assi n t!e fa)ilies to t!e selected o%@ect.
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0i ure 1/<. Assi n fa)ilies to o%@ects in t!e 0a)ily Assi ner
Assi nin 0a)ilies To ?%@ects 8n ?%@ect Mana ers

Select any nu)%er of o%@ects in an ?%@ect Mana er %y !oldin do&n t!e CtrlA7ey. Ri !t clic7 on one of t!e selected ite)s and select Assi n 0a)ilies+ or c!oose ^5 0AM8L8ES 5 ASS8GN 0AM8L8ES fro) t!e )enu. 0ro) t!e list of fa)ilies t!at opens+ select one or )ore fa)ilies to &!ic! t!e selected o%@ects are to %e assi ned. Clic7 ?R.
Creatin 0a)ilies 0ro) Selected 8te)s

Select any nu)%er of ite)s in an ?%@ect Mana er %y !oldin do&n t!e CtrlA 7ey. Ri !t clic7 on one of t!e selected ite)s and select 0AM8L8ES 5 NE: 0R?M SELECTE' 8TEMS. Enter a na)e for t!e ne& fa)ily and clic7 ?R.
Accessin 2uotations
To access t!e Buotations related to t!e o%@ects included in t!e fa)ily+ dou%le clic7 on a fa)ily &!ile !oldin t!e CtrlA7ey.
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:ritin A Co))ent 0or A 0a)ily

T!e fa)ily co))ent can %e used to descri%e &!y and for &!at purpose a fa)ily &as created. T!is is especially useful &!en fa)ilies are treated as attri%utes.
Creatin ?r Editin A 0a)ily Co))ent

?pen t!e 0a)ily Mana er for t!e rele(ant o%@ect type. Select a fa)ily. 8n t!e te6t pane at t!e %otto) of t!e &indo&+ &rite or edit a co))ent. Alternati(ely+ you can open a fullAfled ed editor %y clic7in t!e Co))ent %utton in t!e tool%ar.
Usin 0a)ilies As 0ilters

Access T!e 0ilter ?ptions -ia T!e Main Menu
?ne added (alue of fa)ilies is t!at you can use t!e) as filters. 0or e6a)ple+ if you !a(e created a code fa)ily includin only \A%stractL codes+ you can use t!is fa)ily as a filter to reduce t!e total nu)%er of codes displayed in t!e dropA do&n list in t!e Code Mana er and t!e )ar in area.
0ilter 8te)s Usin T!e 0a)ily Mana er

?pen t!e 0a)ily Mana er. 'ou%leAclic7 a fa)ily. :atc! !o& t!e display in t!e ?%@ect Man er and t!e )ar in area c!an es to display only ite)s t!at are )e)%ers of t!e selected fa)ily.
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0i ure 1/=. 'ou%le clic7in on a fa)ily in t!e fa)ily )ana er acti(ates a filter
8f a fa)ily is acti(ated as a filter+ t!e fa)ily icon is replaced %y t!e filter icon. 8n addition+ t!e %ac7 round color of t!e affected lists c!an es. T!e acti(e filter is also indicated in t!e filter field of t!e status %ar in t!e ?%@ect Mana er.
0i ure 1/;. Effect of a code filter in t!e )ar in area
To ta7e t!e filter out dou%leAclic7 on t!e fa)ily a ain+ or select T??LS 5 RESET ALL 08LTERS fro) t!e )ain )enu. A t!ird option is to dou%leAclic7 on t!e filter field in t!e ?%@ect Mana er &!ile !oldin do&n t!e CtrlA7ey. 0ilter settin s also affect net&or7 (ie&s. See GA%out t!is Manual:or7in &it! 0ilters in Net&or7 -ie&sG on pa e $$$.
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Re)o(in 0a)ilies
?pen t!e 0a)ily Mana er for t!e rele(ant o%@ect type. Select t!e fa)ily to %e re)o(ed. Clic7 t!e 'elete %utton or select )enu option 0AM8L8ES 5 'ELETE 0AM8LI. Re)o(in a fa)ily does not re)o(e any of t!e contained ite)s.
:?RR8NG :8T* -AR8A,LES. 4R8MARI '?CUMENT 0AM8L8ES
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:or7in :it! -aria%les. 4ri)ary 'ocu)ent 0a)ilies
Alon &it! s!arin all t!e c!aracteristics of code and )e)o fa)ilies+ 4' fa)ilies !a(e so)e additional c!aracteristics.
4' fa)ilies as (aria%les can %e used in Bueries and S4SS @o%s.
4' 0a)ilies can %e used to define t!e scope of a Buery &!en used as lo%al attri%utes supple)entin codes. 0or instance+ if t!e 4' fa)ilies Kfe)aleK and Ka e roup 1 121A$#3K &ere assi ned to a nu)%er of inter(ie&s+ one can t!en for)ulate Bueries li7e. KS!o& )e all Buotations fro) inter(ie&s &it! fe)ales %et&een t!e a es 21 to $# coded &it! Kcopin K or Kpo&er.K 0or a stepA%yA step instruction+ see GRestrictin Code 2ueries to Su% Groups H on pa e 27>. 8n S4SS @o%s+ 4' fa)ilies are a &ay to a re ate so)e of t!e data 1see G*o& S4SS E6port *andles 0a)iliesH on pa e <113.
Use 4'A0a)ily ta%les to assi n 4's and (aria%les at t!e sa)e ti)e.
4'A0a)ily ta%les are an efficient )eans to create fa)ilies and to assi n 4's to t!eir respecti(e fa)ilies. Iou can also use t!e) to assi n 4's and to enerate (aria%les in one step.
4'A0a)ily Ta%le
4'A0a)ily Ta%les can %e e6ported or i)ported as ta%Adeli)ited 1ELS3 or as co))a5se)icolon separated (alue 1CS-3 files. All t!ree for)ats can %e read %y E6celc as &ell as ?pen?ffice Calc. ,elo& you see an e6a)ple of an e6ported file. T!e colorin !as %een added for reada%ility. ,elo& eac! colu)n !eader and content is e6plained.
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0i ure 1/7. An E6ported 4' 0a)ily Ta%le 1so)e for)attin added3
'ocu)ents. T!e 4' seBuence nu)%er. Na)e. T!e na)e of t!e 4'. All follo&in colu)ns. 4ri)ary docu)ent fa)ilies. 4' fa)ilies follo&in t!e synta6 O(aria%le la%el..attri%ute (alueO are con(erted in E6cel into one (aria%le &it! t!e colu)n !eader Oe(aria%le la%elO. T!e attri%ute (alues are entered into t!e cells. 0or instance+ t!e t&o 4' fa)ilies OGender..)aleO and OGender..fe)aleO are con(erted into t!e (aria%le eGender and t!e t&o (alues )ale and fe)ale. T!is is furt!er e6plained %elo& 1GType of -aria%lesH3.
Type ?f -aria%les
:it!in ATLAS.ti+ all fa)ilies+ &!en interpreted as (aria%les+ are dic!oto)ous %ecause an ite) )ay or )ay not %elon to a specific fa)ily+ t!us it 8 encoded &it! eit!er # or 1 5 applies or does not apply.
0i ure 1/>. ,y default 4' fa)ilies are li7e dic!oto)ous (aria%les
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,y follo&in a si)ple na)in con(ention+ 4' fa)ilies can %e turned into no)inal and cate orical (aria%les for t!e use outside of ATLAS.ti in statistical and ot!er data%ase applications. LetOs assu)e t!at your respondents co)e fro) four different locations. To represent t!is in ATLAS.ti+ you need to create four 4' fa)ilies+ one for eac! location. E6portin t!ese for fa)ilies as 4'A0a)ily ta%le to E6cel+ you et a ta%le as s!o&n a%o(e containin one (aria%le per fa)ily &it! t!e (alues # or 1. 8f you prefer @ust one (aria%le for location rat!er t!an four+ you need to follo& t!e na)in con(ention G-aria%le Na)e..-aria%le -alueH &!en creatin your 4' fa)ilies. ,ocatio $$Ber&i ,ocatio $$,o /o ,ocatio $$*ew YorA ,ocatio $$ToAyo :!en e6portin t!e 4'A0a)ily ta%le+ t!e result &ill %e as follo&s.
0i ure 1//. 4' fa)ily ta%le &it! a no)inal (aria%le for location
T!e ta%le s!o&s one (aria%le for Location and t!e respecti(e (alues as strin . Ber&i F ,o /o F *ew YorA and ToAyo. Note t!at t!e (aria%le na)e is prefi6ed &it! a !as! si n 1e3. T!is is t!e synta6 t!at needs to %e used &!en preparin a ta%le for i)port 1see %elo&3. T!e !as! si n indicates to ATLAS.ti t!at t!is (aria%le needs to %e turned into )ultiple fa)ilies.
Super 0a)ilies 8n 4' 0a)ily Ta%les

Super 0a)ilies 1see pa e 2>#3 are treated li7e standard fa)ilies. 8f you do not c!an e t!e default na)e su ested %y ATLAS.ti &!en creatin super fa)ilies+ t!en t!ey are prefi6ed %y an asteris7 1]3. 8n t!e ta%le %elo& you see t&o super fa)ilies co)%inin t!e fa)ilies for a e roup 1 and 2 &it! t!e fa)ily fe)ale.
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0i ure 2##. 'isplay of 4' Superfa)ilies in 4'A0a)ily ta%les
'o not assi n a 4' to )ore t!an one fa)ily &it! t!e sa)e (aria%le na)e 1e. .+ %ot! to ,ocatio $$Ber&i and ,ocatio $$*ew YorA3. ATLAS.ti allo&s t!is+ as it treats e(ery fa)ily as a separate dic!oto)ous (aria%le. *o&e(er+ &!en con(erted into a cate orical (aria%le GLocationH in t!e process of creatin a 4'A0a)ily ta%le+ suc! )ultiple assi n)ents could create pro%le)s.
4reparin And 8)portin A 4'A0a)ily Ta%le

Create t!e follo&in colu)ns &!en )anually preparin a 4'A0a)ily ta%le for i)port fro) a spreads!eet application suc! as E6cel. 0irst colu)n. Use \'ocu)entsL as t!e !eader and a 4' nu)%er in su%seBuent ro&s. Second colu)n. Use !eader GNa)eH and enter a na)e for t!e 4' in eac! ro&. T!e ne6t one or t&o colu)ns. As already )entioned a%o(e+ t!e docu)ent pat! is stored t&ofold &!en a ta%le is created %y ATLAS.ti. T!e actual pat! at t!e ti)e of e6port 1colu)n 4at!3 and t!e pat! at t!e ti)e of t!e assi n)ent of t!e docu)ent to t!e *U 1colu)n. Q?ri in3. T!e latter can also contain special pat! co)ponents 1S*U4AT*T+ ST,4AT*T3 t!at &ill %e correctly resol(ed &!en i)ported into ATLAS.ti. :!en readin a ta%le into ATLAS.ti+ t!e 4at! colu)n !as )ore or less descripti(e c!aracter as t!e Q?ri in is al&ays preferred. T!erefore t!e 4at! colu)n can %e o)itted &!en creatin a ta%le )anually. 8f neit!er t!e 4at! nor t!e Q?ri in colu)n is defined+ t!e na)e of t!e docu)ent is used as file reference in co)%ination &it! t!e special S*U4AT*T. 8n order to %e a%le to access t!e data+ you need to store t!e *U file and t!e docu)ents in on co))on folder. All follo&in colu)ns. Enter (aria%le na)es and (alues+ i. e. t!e docu)ent fa)ilies into t!e su%seBuent colu)ns. No(els
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Cate orical (aria%les. 0or all cate orical (aria%les+ use a !as! 1e3 as t!e lead c!aracter+ as in. e4rofession+ eGender+ etc. Enter t!e (alues as strin . Missin (alues. Missin (alues are indicated %y a Dero 1#3 and used for docu)ents not assi ned to any fa)ily. 8f a field na)e or (alue contains c!aracters rese)%lin t!e separator for cate orical (aria%les+ you need to enclose t!e na)e or (alue &it! Buotation )ar7s. 8f t!e *U4AT* setup 1as t!e easiest and )ost fle6i%le pro@ect setup3 suits your needs+ t!en an E6cel ta%le ready for i)port could loo7 li7e t!is.
0i ure 2#1. An E6cel ta%le ready for i)port as 4'A0a)ily ta%le
Iou si)ply enter t!e consecuti(e nu)%ers for 4's+ t!e docu)ent na)es and t!e (aria%les. Sa(e t!e ta%le as nati(e E6cel ta%Adeli)ited 6ls56ls6 file or in cs( for)at. ?pen ATLAS.ti. 0ro) t!e )ain )enu+ select '?CUMENTS 5 8M4?RT 5 8M4?RT5EE4?RT 5 8M4?RT 4'A 0AM8LI TA,LE. T!is option is also a(aila%le fro) t!e 'ocu)ents 5 Miscellaneous )enu. 8f you are i)portin into a ne& *U+ a dialo opens+ as7in you to sa(e t!e *U %efore proceedin . T!is is needed to %e a%le to access G*U follo&erH docu)ents usin t!e special S*U4AT*T. Sa(e t!e *U into t!e sa)e folder &!ere t!e docu)ents are stored 1unless you !a(e entered an Q?ri in colu)n &it! user defined pat! references3. Ne6t a file dialo opens. 8f you are i)portin into an e6istin *U+ t!e standard file dialo &indo& opens i))ediately. Select t!e prepared 6ls56ls6 or cs( file and clic7 ?R to start t!e i)port procedure. 8f you i)port a nati(e E6cel file 1ta% deli)ited &it! t!e e6tension 6ls3+ t!e fa)ilies are i)ported i))ediately. 8f you select an E6cel co)pati%le file for)at li7e cs(+ select t!e field deli)iter. co))a+ se)icolon+ or ta%. ?nce t!e i)port is finis!ed a )essa e pops up infor)in you a%out t!e nu)%er of fa)ilies t!at !a(e %een created.
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0i ure 2#2. *U file created %ased on i)portin a 4'A0a)ily ta%le
8)portin t!e a%o(e ta%le+ results in t!e follo&in *U. 0i(e 4's &it! t!e na)es case 1 to case = &ere created+ and t!ey access t!eir source docu)ent (ia t!e *U4AT*. T!is )eans you need to store t!e *U file _ t!e fi(e :ord docu)ents in ric! te6t for)at in a co))on folder as s!o&n %elo&.
0i ure 2#$. 0ile Mana e)ent for creatin an *U (ia i)portin a 4'A0a)ily ta%le
8f t!e 4's do not yet e6ist in t!e *U+ ne& 4's are created and are assi ned to t!e *U.
Addin ne& 4's. 8f your *U already contains 4's+ you can add )ore 4's %y i)portin a 4' 0a)ily ta%le. *o&e(er+ you )ust %e sure t!at t!e ne& 4's are nu)%ered consecuti(ely. 8f your *U already contains 41 to 41#+ t!e nu)%ers of t!e additional 4's in t!e docu)ents colu)n need to start at 411. 8f t!e docu)ent nu)%er and pat! reference do not )atc! an e6istin reference+ t!en t!is docu)ent is i nored and not assi ned as a 4'. ,ased on t!e a%o(e e6a)ple ta%le+ 4' 0a)ily Mana er s!o&s t!e follo&in fa)ilies after i)portin t!e ta%le.
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0i ure 2#<. Created 4' fa)ilies after i)port
E6portin A 4'A0a)ily Ta%le

8f t!e docu)ents !a(e already %een assi ned+ e6portin a 4'A0a)ily ta%le is Buite !andy as a first step in preparin a ta%le for i)port. T!is &ay ATLAS.ti creates t!e colu)ns docu)ents+ Na)e+ 4at! and Q?ri in for you and you do not !a(e to retype t!e file na)es. T!e ta%le can %e e6ported e(en if no fa)ily !as yet %een created.
8f you !a(e na)ed your (aria%le fa)ilies usin a different separator+ c!an e t!e separator &!en pro)pted
Select '?CUMENTS 5 8M4?RT5EE4?RT 5 EE4?RT 4'A0AM8LI TA,LE fro) t!e )ain )enu. T!is option is also a(aila%le in t!e 4' 0a)ily Mana er fro) t!e 0a)ilies )enu or t!e conte6t )enu. Iou are pro)pted for a separator (alue. Clic7 ?R if you use t!e default (alue G..H. 8f you use a different (alue+ c!an e it accordin ly. Ne6t+ select t!e output for)at+ e. . 6ls+ and clic7 ?R. 0inally+ specify t!e output tar et as usual 1see G?utput 'estinationsH on pa e $>= for details3. 0or e6a)ple+ select 08LE C RUN for t!e ta%le to %e opened in E6cel or ?pen?ffice Calc i))ediately
Code 0a)ilies
Code fa)ilies in t!e ATLAS.ti fra)e&or7 are si)ply na)ed sets of codes
8n ATLAS.ti+ t!e ter) Gcode fa)ilyH is used to sort codes into na)ed sets or roups. 0or e6a)ple+ if you !a(e four cate ories t!at are types of actors you
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can roup t!e) into a code fa)ily. 0our )e)%ers of t!e GactorsH fa)ily )i !t %e friends+ parents+ si%lin s+ and partner.
Creatin Code 0a)ilies 0ro) Net&or7 -ie&s

T!is procedure assu)es so)e acBuaintance &it! t!e net&or7 (ie& function 1see GT!e Net&or7 Editor H on pa e $123. Creatin a code fa)ily fro) a Net&or7 -ie&Ls code nodes )i !t %e useful &!en you need to print all Buotations referenced %y t!e codes in t!e Net&or7 -ie& or to filter all codes contained in a Net&or7 -ie&. ?pen a Net&or7 -ie&. 0ro) t!e )ain )enu in t!e Net&or7 Editor+ select S4EC8ALS 5 GENERATE 0AM8LI. Iou are pro)pted for a na)e. T!e offered default na)e is t!e na)e of t!e Net&or7 -ie&. Accept t!e na)e or type in a ne& na)e and clic7 ?R.
Code 0a)ilies Add Analytic 4o&er 8n 2ueries

Code fa)ilies can %e used &it! codes to construct Bueries usin t!e 2uery Tool. 0a)ilies are interpreted in Bueries as if all its contained codes &ere co)%ined usin t!e ,oolean operator ?R. 0or e6a)ple+ a code fa)ily containin t!e four codes &ater+ fire+ air+ and eart! is interpreted in a Buery as \&ater ?R fire ?R air ?R eart!L. 0urt!er)ore Code 0a)ilies can %e used as filters in co)%ination &it! t!e CoA occurence Tools. T!ey are Buite effecti(e in focusin your attention to @ust t!e su%set of data you are interested in. T!e CoAoccurence Tools are often used &!en you &ant to relate t&o code cate ories or t&o roup of codes to eac! ot!er. Rat!er t!en runnin a Buery t!at contains all codes+ you create a code fa)ily t!at @ust contains t!e codes t!at you are interested in+ set it as filter 1e. . C?'ES 5 08LTER 5 0AM8L8ES 3 and t!an run t!e CoAoccurence Tree or Ta%le E6plorer 1see pa e 2/13. A t!ird option is to reduce t!e nu)%er of codes displayed in a CodesA4ri)aryA 'ocu)entsATa%le 1see pa e $#23 %y settin a Code 0a)ily as filter. T!is is often co)%ined &it! settin a 4' 0a)ily as filter as &ell. T!is &ay+ you e6port @ust t!e data you &ant to focus on+ instead of producin a lar e E6cel ta%le t!at contains all docu)ents and all codes.
4' And Code 0a)ilies 8n S4SS Wo%s

8n addition to %ein used &it!in ATLAS.ti+ 4' fa)ilies as &ell as code fa)ilies are used &!en creatin S4SS @o%s. ,ot! 4' and Code 0a)ilies are a &ay to a re ate data in S4SS 1see GS4SS E6portH on pa e <#= for furt!er detail3.
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Me)o 0a)ilies
Me)o fa)ilies are useful for sortin and filterin your &ritten reflections a%out t!e pro@ect. Me)os can %e separated %y type suc! as t!eoretical or lin uistic 1see G:or7in &it! Me)osG on pa e 2<$3. T!e procedures for creatin and !andlin )e)o fa)ilies rese)%le t!ose for code fa)ilies.
:?RR8NG :8T* MEM?S
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:or7in :it! Me)os
4ossi%le uses for )e)os. To ta7e )et!odolo ical notes As a K%ulletin %oardK in tea) pro@ects As a pro@ect plannin de(ice. As a pri)ary docu)ent To create code lists
:ritin )e)os is an i)portant tas7 in e(ery p!ase of t!e Bualitati(e analysis process. T!e ideas captured in )e)os are often t!e Gpieces of a puDDleH t!at are later put to et!er in t!e p!ase of report &ritin . T!eoryA%uildin + often associated &it! %uildin net&or7s+ also can in(ol(e t!e use of )e)os. Me)os are e6planatory and descripti(e te6ts t!at )ay %e associated &it! ot!er Ko%@ectsK li7e Buotations+ codes+ or ot!er )e)os. Me)os can also Kstand aloneK F si)ply as part of an *U. T!ey can contain )et!odolo ical notes9 t!ey can %e used as a %ulletin %oard to e6c!an e infor)ation %et&een tea) )e)%ers9 you can use t!e) to &rite notes a%out t!e analytical process+ 7eepin a @ournal of toAdos. Me)os )ay also ser(e as a repository for sy)%ols+ te6t te)plates+ and e)%edded o%@ects t!at you )ay &ant to insert into 4's or ot!er )e)os. Me)os can also %e assi ned as pri)ary docu)ents+ if you &ant to code t!e) 1see pa e 2<7 %elo&3.
'ifference ,et&een Me)os And Codes

Code na)es are 1or s!ould %e3 succinct+ dense descriptors for concepts e)er in durin t!e sta e of closely studyin t!e data. T!ey often reduce co)ple6 findin s to crisp place!olders and5or t!eoretically rele(ant concepts. ,e inners often stuff len t!y treatises into a code na)e+ %lurrin t!e distinction %et&een codes+ co))ents+ and )e)os and t!ere%y )ista7in codes for t!eir )ore appropriate si%lin s. 8f you find yourself usin )ore t!an a fe& &ords as code &ord+ consider usin Buotations or t!e code co))ent instead. Li7e codes+ )e)os !a(e na)es. T!ese na)es+ or titles+ are used for displayin )e)os in %ro&sers+ and !elp to find specific )e)os. Wust li7e code na)es+ a )e)oLs title s!ould %e s!ort and concise. 'onLt confuse t!e na)e &it! its contentJ
*o& Me)os And Co))ents 'iffer

A co))ent is al&ays a part of anot!er o%@ect9 a )e)o is an o%@ect %y itself.
Me)os are (ery si)ilar to co))ents in t!at %ot! are intended to !old len t!y te6ts+ as opposed to codes t!at are si)ply na)in a concept. Co))ents e6clusi(ely %elon to one entity. 0or e6a)ple+ t!e 4' co))ent is part of t!e pri)ary docu)ent. Co))ents are not displayed in %ro&sers separately fro) t!e o%@ect to &!ic! t!ey are attac!ed. Me)os can %e associated &it! )ore t!an one o%@ect and
:?RR8NG :8T* MEM?S
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!a(e an additional type attri%ute+ e. .+ t!eoretical+ )et!odolo ical+ co))entary+ etc. T!ey can also %e freeAstandin + unli7e co))ents.
Me)o Content
Me)os )ay use plainAte6t as &ell as Unicode or Ric! Te6t. T!e latter allo&s e6tended for)attin and offers t!e option to insert pictures+ ta%les etc. Iou can also include local file na)es li7e file.55notation.
T!e Me)o Editor

0or displayin and editin )e)os+ a )odified te6t editor is used. 8t is opened (ia t!e Me)o Mana erLs tool%ar for an e6istin + selected )e)o or &!en creatin a ne& )e)o.
0i ure 2#=. T!e )e)o editor
,elo& t!e tool%ar+ t!e editor includes a title and )e)o type field. T!e default title assi ned to a ne&ly created )e)o is. GME F todayLs dateH. T!e title and t!e default type GCo))entaryH can %e c!an ed %y o(er&ritin t!e default title or %y selectin a different )e)o type. -arious options are a(aila%le. Iou can c!an e t!e default )e)o title and )ana e a(aila%le )e)o types. Iou can also %e pro)pted for a title &!en creatin a ne& )e)o. 0or details see GMe)o 4referencesH on pa e 2<>. After !a(in typed or c!an ed so)et!in in t!e )e)o editor and %efore closin t!e editor+ sa(e t!e contents if you &ant to 7eep it. Clic7 on t!e Sa(e %utton or select MEM? 5 SA-E fro) t!e editorLs )enu.
Create A 0ree Me)o

8n t!e Me)o Mana er+ clic7 t!e CREATE NE: %utton or select CREATE 0REE MEM? fro) t!e *UEditorLs MEM?S )enu. A ne& )e)o &it! t!e default )e)o title is created. T!e )e)o editor opens 1default settin 3. C!an e t!e )e)o title accordin to your needs and %e in to type t!e )e)o.
:?RR8NG :8T* MEM?S
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Sa(e t!e )e)o content %efore )o(in on to do so)et!in else %y clic7in on t!e Accept %utton+ or select MEM? 5 SA-E or clic7 Ctrl_S. 8f you for et to sa(e it+ you are re)inded %y t!e pro ra) to do so %efore closin t!e editor.
Attac!in Me)os To 'ata Se )ents

T!e procedure to create and associate a )e)o &it! a data se )ent or an e6istin Buotation is si)ilar to t!e codin procedures descri%ed a%o(e 1see GGeneral Codin 4rocedureH on pa e 1>>3.
Create A Me)o 0or A 'ata Se )ent

Select t!e part of t!e pri)ary docu)ent for &!ic! you &ant to &rite a )e)o. Clic7 t!e )e)o %utton in t!e pri)ary docu)ent tool%ar. 8f t!e selected data se )ent does not rese)%le an e6istin Buotation+ a ne& Buotation is created and t!e )e)o is attac!ed. An editor opens and you can start to type.
0i ure 2#;. Attac!in a )e)o to a data se )ent
Adapt t!e auto)atically enerated )e)o type and title accordin to your needs. Iou can custo)iDe t!e default (alues used for )e)o title and type (ia T??LS 54RE0ERENCES 5 GENERAL 4RE0ERENCES+ TA,. MEM?S.
Attac! A Me)o To A 'ata Se )ent

Select t!e part of t!e pri)ary docu)ent to &!ic! you &ant to attac! t!e )e)o. Select t!e part of t!e pri)ary docu)ent to &!ic! you &ant to attac! t!e )e)o.
:?RR8NG :8T* MEM?S
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Select a )e)o in t!e Me)o Mana er and dra and drop t!e )e)o to t!e !i !li !ted data se )ent. 8f t!e !i !li !ted se )ent &as not already a Buotation+ ATLAS.ti creates a ne& Buotation and attac!es t!e )e)o.
Attac! A Me)o To Multiple 2uotations

?ne option is to dra a nu)%er of Buotations fro) t!e 2uotation Mana er onto a )e)o in t!e Me)o Mana er. ,y usin t!e 2uotation Mana er+ one can co)forta%ly %ro&se and re(ie& display Buotations %efore attac!in t!e) to t!e )e)o. Anot!er option is to select fro) a list of Buotations. 8n t!e Me)o Mana er+ select a )e)o. C!oose )enu option L8NR MEM? T?. 5 2U?TAT8?NS fro) t!e conte6t )enu or t!e Me)os )enu. A &indo& pops up s!o&in all Buotations t!at are currently not lin7ed to t!is )e)o. Select t!e Buotations to %e associated &it! t!is )e)o. Clic7 ?R. As a t!ird option you can connect a )e)o and Buotations (isually %y usin t!e Net&or7 Editor 1see GTo lin7 )ore t!an t&o nodesH on pa e $213.
Me)o Types
Me)os can %e or aniDed+ sorted and filtered %y t!e type attri%ute. Se(eral standard )e)o types are offered %y ATLAS.ti 1currently commentary+ method and theory). Iou can add ne& types or )odify e6istin ones. Me)o types )ay eit!er !a(e a lo%al or local scope. Glo%al types are a(aila%le in all *Us9 local )e)o types are 7no&n only for t!e *U for &!ic! t!ey !a(e %een defined. Me)o types are displayed and can %e sorted in t!e Me)o Mana erLs details (ie& in an e6tra Type colu)n.
Create A Local Me)o Type

:!en creatin a ne& )e)o+ si)ply o(er&rite t!e default )e)o type displayed in t!e )e)o editorLs type field &it! a ne& type. After sa(in t!e )e)o+ t!is ne& type )ay also %e used for ot!er )e)os inside t!is specific *U.
Add ?r Re)o(e Glo%al Me)o Types

?pen t!e General 4references dialo and select t!e
MEM?S
ta%.
8n section \Glo%al Me)o TypesL enter a ne& )e)o type in t!e entry field and clic7 t!e A'' %utton.
:?RR8NG :8T* MEM?S
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0i ure 2#7. Addin ne& )e)o types
To re)o(e a lo%al )e)o type+ select a )e)o type fro) t!e list and clic7 REM?-E. Clic7 A44LI and close General 4references. T!e default )e)o type is \Co))entaryL unless you !a(e set a different default in t!e dialo . T!is default type is used for ne&ly created )e)os. To c!an e t!e default type+ select anot!er )e)o type and tic7 t!e %o6 \use as default typeL.
Ma7e A Local Type Glo%al

C!oose t!e )enu option M8SCELLANE?US 5 MARE TI4E GL?,AL fro) t!e conte6t )enu or fro) t!e MEM?S )ain )enu to )a7e all types of t!e selected )e)os lo%al.
Usin Me)os As 4's

Me)os can %e assi ned as pri)ary docu)ents. *o& you i)ple)ent t!is option in your &or7 depends on t!e nature of your pro@ect+ your creati(ity+ and )et!odolo ical considerations. Select a )e)o in t!e Me)o Mana er. Select t!e )enu option M8SCELLANE?US 5 USE AS 4R8MARI '?C fro) t!e conte6t )enu or t!e Me)os )enu. ?r+ dra t!e )e)o into t!e 4' Mana er.
ConseBuences ?f Usin Me)os As 4'

Assi nin a )e)o as pri)ary docu)ent !as t&o i))ediate conseBuences. 8f you &ant to edit t!e )e)oLs content+ you need to edit t!e pri)ary docu)ent. ?nce a )e)o !as %een assi ned as a 4'+ you can no lon er edit t!e )e)o in t!e Me)o Mana er. T!e reason is t!at+ as a 4'Ls data source+ t!e )e)o )ay %e referenced fro) Buotations. ?nly t!e 4' editin tec!nolo y uarantees t!e necessary sync!roniDation after content c!an es. All editin in t!e pri)ary docu)ent also affects t!e )e)o. T!e reason for t!is is t!at t!e data source for t!e 4ri)ary 'ocu)ent 8S t!e )e)o.
:?RR8NG :8T* MEM?S
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T!e \4'sL colu)n in t!e Me)o Mana er indicates &!et!er a )e)o is used as pri)ary docu)ent. T!e nu)%er displayed indicates t!e nu)%er of 4's usin t!e )e)o as a data source. A das! 1A3 indicates t!at t!e )e)o is not used as a 4'.
0i ure 2#>. Me)o used as 4'
Miscellaneous Me)o Goodies

Me)o 4references
Iou )ay specify a nu)%er of settin s for )e)os (ia T??LS 5 4RE0ERENCES 5 GENERAL 4RE0ERENCES+ Ta%. MEM?S+ or clic7 on t!e preferences %utton in t!e )ain tool %ar.
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in A Me)o To Anot!er *er)eneutic Unit
Iou can dra )e)os %et&een *Us. T!is transfers t!e )e)o 1na)e+ %ody+ type3+ %ut none of its referenced Buotations+ codes+ etc.+ are )i rated alon .
Usin Me)os To Create A Code List

Usin a GpseudoH )e)o allo&s you to %ul7Acreate a lar e nu)%er of free codes. Create a ne& )e)o. Type a list of codes &it! one code per line+ or copy and paste an e6istin list fro) an application li7e :ord. Sa(e t!e )e)o. 0ro) t!e M8SCELLANE?US )enu+ c!oose t!e option CREATE C?'ES MEM?.
0R?M
SELECTE'
Codes in t!e )e)oLs code list t!at already e6ist are prefi6ed &it! t!ree e6cla)ation )ar7s. 8f suc! prefi6ed codes already e6ist+ t!ey are i nored.
'ra C 'rop Te6t To Create A Me)o

:!ile droppin te6t into t!e te6t pane of t!e Me)o Mana er or t!e )e)o editor inserts t!e dropped te6t at t!e drop position.
:?RR8NG :8T* MEM?S
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Mar in 'ra C 'rop

All o%@ects populatin t!e )ar in area 1i. e.+ G)ar in o%@ectsH3 support dra C drop. T!e %ar (isualiDe Buotations se )entin t!e docu)ent+ and A dependin on t!e conte6t A t!e o%@ects attac!ed to t!e %ars represent t!e)sel(es or t!e lin7 &it! t!e Buotation. T!e effect of a dra C drop operation depends on t!e o%@ects t!at are in(ol(ed as dra sources 1t!ose t!at are dra ed3 and tar ets 1t!ose onto &!ic! o%@ects are dropped3. A lar e (ariety of o%@ects fro) t!e )ar in area can %e dropped into t!e )ar in area. 0urt!er)ore+ o%@ects can also %e dra ed fro) ot!er o%@ect )ana ers and %ro&sers. ?%@ects can %e dra ed fro) t!e )ar in into ot!er &indo&s and e(en into Gforei nH applications li7e :ordc. 8n t!e latter case+ t!e ATLAS.ti o%@ects lose t!eir ATLAS.ti specific Go%@ectnessH %ut at least t!ey render into so)et!in useful+ e. .+ a for)atted title and ric! te6t co))ent.
Mar in 'ra C 'rop can %e to led on and off (ia General 4references GAd(anced 'ra C 'ropH
Mo(e Lin7ed ?%@ects

:!en an o%@ect 1e. .+ a code+ )e)o+ or !yperlin73 is dropped on a Buotation %ar+ a ne& lin7 is created %et&een t!e o%@ect and t!e Buotation represented %y t!e %ar. 8n t!e fi ure %elo&+ t!e code \!istoric conte6tL is unlin7ed fro) its ori inal Buotation 1sil(er %ar3 and lin7ed to t!e Buotation of t!e tar et %ar.
Replacin a code. 8n t!e )ar in dra a code fro) one Buotation onto anot!er code and t!e tar et code is replaced.
0i ure 2#/. Mo(in lin7ed o%@ects
Replace Lin7ed ?%@ects

:!en a )ar in o%@ect is dropped onto anot!er )ar in o%@ect it is replaced. 8t co)%ines t!e operation descri%ed a%o(e &it! t!e replace)ent of t!e droppedA on o%@ect. T!ree operations are acco)plis!ed at t!e sa)e ti)e. t!e o%@ect is re)o(ed fro) its ori inal Buotation+ it is lin7ed to t!e tar et Buotation+ and it replaces t!e o%@ect it &as dropped on 1t!e latter is unlin7ed fro) its Buotation3.
:?RR8NG :8T* MEM?S
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Copy Lin7ed ?%@ects

To copy lin7ed o%@ects. !old do&n t!e CtrlA7ey and dra a )ar in o%@ect 1e. .+ a code3 onto anot!er Buotation %ar.
An o%@ect in t!e )ar in is unlin7ed fro) its ori inal Buotation &!en it is dropped onto anot!er Buotation %ar or onto anot!er )ar in o%@ect. To 7eep t!e o%@ect fro) unlin7in fro) its ori inal place+ !old do&n t!e CTRLA7ey &!en droppin . T!is rese)%les dra in o%@ects fro) )ana ers and %ro&sers into t!e )ar in area+ &!ic! does not c!an e e6istin lin7s.
Lin7in 2uotations
'ra in a Buotation %ar onto anot!er Buotation %ar creates a ne& !yperlin7 %et&een t!e t&o 1see GCreatin *yperlin7s in Mar in AreaH on pa e $=/3.
Mer in 2uotations
,y !oldin do&n t!e CTRLA7ey you can )er e t!e Buotations. T!e follo&in )essa es pops up.
0i ure 21#. Mer in Buotations
Clic7 IES+ if you &ant t!at t!e ne& Buotations enco)passed t!e len t! of %ot! of t!e Buotations. Clic7 No+ if you &ant t!e dra t!e tar et Buotation. ed Buotation to %e deleted+ t!us )er ed into
'ATA ANALIS8S AN' T*E?RIA,U8L'8NG T??LS
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'ata Analysis And T!eoryA,uildin Tools
8n t!e first part of t!is section+ you find a description of e6ploratory and ad(anced analysis tools. T!ese are. T!e &ord crunc!er+ t!e Buery tool+ t!e coA occurrence tools+ t!e codeApri)aryAdocu)ents ta%le+ super codes and super fa)ilies. -isualiDation and t!eoryA%uildin tools enco)pass predo)inantly t!e (arious net&or7 (ie& functions and ATLAS.tiOs po&erful !yperte6t5lin7in facilities.
Analysis Tools
:ord Crunc!er. Creates a &ord freBuency count for te6tual pri)ary docu)ents 1see pa e 2=$3. 2uery Tool. 0inds Buotations %ased on a co)%ination of codes li7e. GS!o& )e all Buotations &!ere %ot! Code A and Code , !a(e %een applied.H Suc! Bueries can also %e co)%ined &it! (aria%les in for) of 4' fa)ilies. T!us+ you can restrict a Buery to a certain su% roups of your docu)ents. GS!o& )e all Buotations &!ere %ot! Code A and Code , !a(e %een applied+ %ut only for fe)ale respondents %et&een t!e a e of 21 and $#H 1see pa e 2=>3. CoAoccurrence tools. 'ifferent fro) t!e Buery tool+ &!ere t!e results are Buotations+ you can use t!e t&o coAocurrence tools to find codes. T!e tree e6plorer list all codes on t!e first le(el of t!e tree and if t!ere are )ore codes t!at !a(e %een applied to t!e sa)e or o(erlappin Buotations+ t!en you can open t!e tree %ranc!es to see t!ose codes. 8f you open t!e tree furt!er+ t!e associated Buotations are s!o&n. T!e second tool+ t!e ta%le e6plorer+ s!o&s a crossAta%ulation of codes and &it!in t!e cells a freBuency count of !o& often eac! pair of codes coAoccurs. T!e cells also pro(ide access to t!e data %e!ind t!e) 1see pa e 2/#3. CodesA4ri)aryA'ocu)entsATa%le. T!is ta%le is a crossAta%ulation of codes %y pri)ary docu)ents. 8t s!o&s !o& often a code !as %een applied to a docu)ent. A re ate counts %ased on code fa)ilies and 4' fa)ilies are also possi%le. 1see pa $#2 $#23.
2=2
Super Codes are sa(ed Bueries. T!ey can %e reused+ e. . after )ore codin !as %een done or after codin !as %een )odified. T!ey can also %e used as part of ot!er Buery+ t!us+ you can %uild co)ple6 Bueries step %y step 1see pa e 27$3. Super 0a)ilies. Li7e super codes+ super fa)ilies are sa(ed Bueries %ased on fa)ilies. T!e purpose is to create fa)ilies on an a re ate le(el. 0or instance+ if you !a(e your %ase fa)ilies for a e roups+ ender and location+ you can create super fa)ilies t!at reflect a co)%ination of t!ese %ase fa)ilies li7e all fe)ales fro) a e roup 1 li(in in city E 1see pa e 2>#3. 8ntercoderARelia%ility. To assess intercoder relia%ility for data coded in ATLAS.ti.+ you can use t!e &e% %ased tool CAT to calculate Co!enOs 7appa and Cron%ac!Os 1alp!a3 ?n pa e $#< t!e functions t!e tool pro(ides are e6plained and you find references for furt!er resources on !o& to prepare ATLAS.ti data for upload.
Tools 0or -isualiDation And T!eory ,uildin

T!e first steps of t!eory %uildin of course already ta7e place )uc! earlier+ often already durin codin . 8deas are de(eloped furt!er durin t!e process of Bueryin t!e data. ,y as7in specific Buestions+ you ain )ore and )ore insi !ts and start to see !o& t!in s are related. Me)o &ritin is an essential acco)panyin acti(ity as &ell. T T!e net&or7 (ie& function offers furt!er possi%ilities to e6plore your data and to (isualiDe your ideas and findin s. 8n a net&or7 (ie& editor you can lin7 all o%@ects to eac! ot!er. CodeAcode and BuotationABuotation lin7s can also %e na)ed and co))ented. 0urt!er a nu)%er of rap!ical ele)ents li7e colored lin7s+ t!e line &idt!+ t!e node or %ac7 round color can %e set. 8)a e docu)ents can %e used as t!u)%nails 1see pa e $#73. Anot!er function discussed %elo& is t!e creation of !yperte6t. T!is is a net&or7 %ased on Buotations+ t!us you &or7 on t!e data rat!er t!an on t!e )ore a%stract codin le(el. T!rou ! !yperte6t+ t!e ori inal seBuentiality of your data is deAlineariDed+ %ro7en do&n into pieces t!at are t!en reconnected+ )a7in it possi%le to tra(erse fro) one piece of data to anot!er piece of data re ardless of t!eir ori inal positions 1see pa e $=23.
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T!e :ord Crunc!er

T!is feature offers &ord Gcrunc!in H capa%ilities for a si)ple Buantitati(e content analysis. 8t creates a list of &ord freBuency counts for t!e selected or all 1currently filtered3 te6tual 4's. A stop and o list and a list of i nora%le c!aracters can %e used to control t!e analysis. 0urt!er you can create a &ord cloud for t!e selected docu)ents+ or for all docu)ents.
Creatin A :ord Count Ta%le

0ro) t!e )ain )enu+ select ANALIS8S 5 :?R' CRUNC*ER or clic7 t!e )ain tool%arLs :ord Crunc!er %utton. A property dialo opens offerin a nu)%er of options t!at affect t!e procedure.
0i ure 211. Settin properties to start a &ord freBuency count
Iou )ay specify a nu)%er of properties %efore startin t!e freBuency count.
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8nclude Selected 4' only. Select t!e scope of t!e count to %e all te6tual docu)ents or t!e selected one only. ,uiltAin Tool. T!e %uiltAin tool is a si)ple list &indo&. 8n addition to t!e freBuency count+ siDe and percenta e for eac! &ord is s!o&n. T!e %uiltAin tool can only %e used for a selected 4'. E6cel. Select t!is option if you &ant to e6port t!e &ord count to E6cel. :ord Cloud. Select t!is option to create a &ord cloud. Specify content for E6cel ta%le. 8n t!e ne6t section you can specify t!e type of content to %e included in t!e E6cel ta%le. Te6t nor)aliDation.
8 nore case. 8f c!ec7ed+ upper and lo&ercase letters are i nored. *ello+ *ELL?+ and !ello are not counted separately. Use le acy &ord reco nition. Startin &it! (ersion 7.#.><+ a ne& &ay of &ord reco nition !as %een introduced t!at i)pro(es &ord reco nition for Asian lan ua es. *o&e(er+ t!e i)pro(ed reco nition pattern slo&s do&n t!e &ord count. 8f you &ere satisfied &it! t!e older pattern+ clic7 t!is option to increase speed. Re)o(e fro) te6t %efore countin . T!e c!aracters specified in t!is field &ill %e re)o(ed fro) t!e source %efore it is counted. E6a)ple. includin K eli)inates t!e difference %et&een K*elloK and *ello.Enter special c!aracters t!at s!ould %e not %e counted.
Use a stop list to e6clude &ords fro) t!e count. 8nstead of enu)eratin e(ery (ariant of a &ord+ you can specify patterns. Iou can create po&erful stop lists for different lan ua es+ different topics+ and different le(els of detail. 'eacti(ate t!e option GE6clude &ordsH to turn t!e stop list into a o list. T!is )eans+ only t!ose &ords t!at are in t!e stop list are counted and all ot!er &ords are i nored.
T!e Stop And Go List

Clic7 on t!e %utton E'8T L8ST if you &ant to )odify it. T!e first lines startin &it! a se)i colon contain an e6planation of ter)s t!at can %e used. All lines startin &it! a se)i colon are not included in t!e freBuency count.
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0i ure 212. E6ception list editor
T!e ter)s to %e e6cluded or included can %e co)%ined &it! re ular e6pressions. See %elo& t!e list of re ular e6pressions t!at can %e used.
%xpression
%ffect
:0!:1 G/? 4? _? 7?
e6cludes &ords consistin of a sin le c!aracter e6cludes nu)%ers of any len t! e6cludes strin s of !yp!ens of ar%itrary siDe e6cludes strin s of underscores e6clude seBuences of Deros
8t is no lon er necessary to enter t!e &ords to %e e6cluded 5 included in capital letters. T!e instruction in t!e default list still says t!at all entries )ust %e in capital letters. T!e reason for t!is is t!at &e cannot si)ply e6c!an e t!e default file as lon Ati)e users of ATLAS.ti )ay already !a(e custo)iDed t!eir stop lists. E6c!an in t!e default te6t file &ould o(er&rite all userA defined )odifications.
:ord Crunc!er ?utput

T!e fi ure %elo& s!o&s t!e result &!en usin t!e %uiltAin tool for a sin le 4'.
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0i ure 21$. :ord Crunc!er output &!en usin t!e internal tool
8f you select t!e E6cel output option+ a )essa e pops up infor)in you t!at t!e E6cel file can no& %e opened and &!ere it is stored. ?f course+ you need to !a(e E6cel installed to %e a%le to see t!e result.
0i ure 21<. Status &indo& infor)ation you a%out &ord crunc! results
2=7
0i ure 21=. :ord freBuency count displayed in E6cel
Use MS E6celc functionality li7e sortin %y !i !est to lo&est freBuency for furt!er e6ploration.
:ord Cloud
T!e &ord cloud output loo7s as follo&s.
0i ure 21;. :ord freBuency cloud for 4$
0adin fades out t!e less freBuent &ords. :it! t!e slider Li)it+ you can select !o& often a &ord s!ould occur to %e displayed in t!e list. Ri !tAclic7 on a &ord and select REM?-E 0R?M CL?U' ?NLI if you no lon er &ant t!e &ord to %e displayed in t!e current (ie&. 8f you do no lon er &ant t!e &ord to %e counted in all follo&in runs+ select t!e option. EECLU'E SELECTE' :?R'. 8n stop list )ode+ t!is )eans t!at t!e &ord is added to t!e stop list. 8n Go List )ode+ t!e &ord is re)o(ed fro) t!e Go List.
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S&itc! t!e sort order %y na)e+ &ei !t or &ord siDe %y clic7in on t!e suita%le ta%. T!e &ord cloud can also %e created %y ri !t clic7in on a docu)ent in t!e 4ri)ary 'ocu)ent Mana er. Select :?R' CL?U' fro) t!e conte6t )enu.
2uery Tool
Iou need t!e 2uery Tool for Bueries usin )ore t!an a sin le code.
T!e 2uery Tool is used for retrie(in Buotations usin t!e codes t!ey &ere associated &it! durin t!e process of codin . T!is is different fro) a te6t searc!. To searc! for occurrences of te6t t!at )atc! a specified pattern or strin + you !a(e to use t!e searc! function or t!e ?%@ect Cra&ler 1see GTe6t Searc!H on pa e 211 and GT!e ?%@ect Cra&lerH on pa e $;;3. T!e si)plest retrie(al of t!is 7ind 1Gsearc! for Buotations &it! codesH3 is &!at you freBuently do &it! t!e Code Mana er. dou%leAclic7in on a code retrie(es all its Buotations. T!is )ay already %e re arded as a Buery+ alt!ou ! it is a si)ple one. T!e 2uery Tool is )ore co)ple6 in t!at it can %e used to create and process Bueries t!at include co)%inations of codes. A Buery is a searc! e6pression %uilt fro) operands 1codes and code fa)ilies3 and operators 1e. . N?T+ AN'+ ?R+ etc.3 t!at define t!e conditions t!at a Buotation )ust )eet to %e retrie(ed 1e. .+ all Buotations coded &it! %ot! codes A and ,3. ,y selectin codes or code fa)ilies and operators+ a Buery can %e %uilt incre)entally &!ic! is instantaneously e(aluated and displayed as a list of Buotations. T!is incre)ental %uildin of co)ple6 searc! Bueries i(es you an e6ploratory approac! to&ard e(en t!e )ost co)ple6 Bueries.
T!e 2uery Tool :indo&

T!e 2uery Tool is launc!ed %y clic7in t!e 2uery Tool %utton 1see left3+ or %y c!oosin ANALIS8S 5 2UERI T??L fro) t!e *U EditorOs )ain )enu.
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0i ure 217. T!e 2uery Tool &indo&
T!e 2uery Tool !as t!e follo&in )ain co)ponents. Z1[ T!e operator tool%ar+ located near t!e left )ar in of t!e &indo&. Z2[ T!e codeAfa)ily pane in t!e upper left lists codeAfa)ilies to %e used in Bueries. Z$[ T!e codes pane %elo& t!e codeAfa)ily pane contains all current codes 1set filters do apply3. Z<[ T!e ter)Astac7 pane in t!e upper ri !t displays t!e stac7 of all e6pressions entered in t!e current Buery. 8f )ore t!an one entry is (isi%le+ t!ere are ar u)ents still &aitin to %e used in t!e Buery. T!e top)ost entry is t!e current Buery. Z=[ T!e current Buery is also displayed in t!e feed%ac7 pane directly %elo& t!e ter)Astac7 pane. *ere a different notation is used+ one t!at uses parent!eses and rese)%les t!e calculator style of enterin Bueries. Z;[ T!e result of t!e Buery is displayed in t!e results list located in t!e lo&er ri !t of t!e &indo&. A%o(e t!e ter)Astac7 pane are se(eral %uttons for )anipulatin t!e stac7. s&appin 1S3 or duplicatin ter)s 143+ clearin t!e stac7 1C3+ etc. Close to t!e results list are t&o %uttons for re)o(in un&anted !its and creatin a report. 8n fi ure 21< you see t!ree ot!er %uttons !i !li !ted in reen. A super code is a sa(ed Buery 1see Super Codes on pa e 27$ for furt!er detail3. Iou need t!e ad@acency operator settin s if you &ant to searc! for codes near to eac! ot!er 1see Ad@acency ?perators on pa e 2;;3. ,e!ind t!e Scope %utton you find anot!er i)portant feature. :!en you clic7 on t!e Scope %utton+ a second &indo& opens s!o&in t!e 4' fa)ilies 1see pa e 22=3 you !a(e created.
2;#
T!ese are often (aria%les li7e a e+ ender+ education+ profession+ location+ ti)e inter(als etc. T!e scope function allo&s you to co)%ine a code Buery &it! (aria%les. 0or instance you can as7 for all Buotations &!ere you !a(e applied code A and code ,+ %ut only for fe)ales %et&een t!e a es of 21 to $#.
?perands
,asic ?perands
T&o sorts of %asic or ato)ic operands )ay %e used in a Buery. Codes and code fa)ilies. A code represents a set of Buotations+ &!ile a code fa)ily yields t!e Buotations of all t!e codes t!at its )e)%ers !a(e. 8n ot!er &ords+ a fa)ily is interpreted as its )e)%er codes connected %y t!e ,oolean operator ?R. Selectin a code fa)ily 01 &!ic! contains fi(e codes C1AC= is eBui(alent to t!e Buery. KC1 ?R C2 ?R C$ ?R C< ?R C=K.
Co)ple6 ?perands
K?perandK does not only apply to %asic descriptors. An operand can %e any e6pression t!at itself is used as an ar u)ent. An e6pression KA AN' ,K )ay %e used in a )ore co)ple6 Buery as an operand. KN?T1A AN' ,3K+ K1A AN' ,3 ?R 1C AN' N?T '3K+ etc. All types of operands can %e freely )i6ed in a Buery usin any of t!e operators descri%ed %elo&.
?perators
T!ree sets of operators are a(aila%le. T!ey are located &it!in t!e tool%ar at t!e left ed e of t!e 2uery Tool. ,oolean operators allo& co)%inations of 7ey&ords accordin to set operations. T!ey are t!e )ost co))on operators used in infor)ation retrie(al syste)s. Se)antic operators e6ploit t!e net&or7 structures t!at &ere %uilt fro) t!e codes. 4ro6i)ity operators are used to analyDe t!e spatial relations 1e. .+ distance+ e)%eddedness+ o(erlappin + coAoccurrence3 %et&een coded data se )ents. Iou can display a s!ort !elp )essa e for eac! operator %y ri !t clic7in on its correspondin %utton in t!e tool%ar.
,oolean ?perators
0our ,oolean operators are a(aila%le &it! t!e 2uery Tool. ?R+ E?R+ AN'+ and N?T.
2;1
?R+ E?R+ and AN' are %inary operators &!ic! need e6actly t&o operands as input. N?T needs only one operand. *o&e(er+ as stated a%o(e+ t!e operands t!e)sel(es )ay %e of ar%itrary co)ple6ity. Codes+ code fa)ilies+ or ar%itrary e6pressions can %e used as operands. K1A ?R ,3 AN' 1N?T C AN' '3K.
?R T!e ?R operator retrie(es all data se )ents 1i. e.+ Buotations3 t!at are coded &it! any of t!e codes used in t!e e6pression. E6a)ple. KAll Buotations coded &it! OEart!O ?R O0ireOK. An e6a)ple of a )ore co)ple6 for)ulation %ased on a co)%ination of Bueries is. KAll Buotations coded &it! OEart!O ?R coded %y %ot! O0ire AN' :aterO.K E?R T!e ?R operator does not really )atc! t!e e(eryday usa e of K?R.K 8ts )eanin is KAt least one of^+K includin t!e case &!ere ALL conditions )atc!. T!e E?R operator+ in contrast+ as7s t!at KEEACTLI one of^K t!e conditions )ust )eet. 8t translates into e(eryday Keit!erAor.K E6a)ple. KAll Buotations coded &it! E8T*ER OEart!O ?R O0ireO 1%ut not &it! %ot!3.K AN' T!e AN' operator finds Buotations t!at )atc! ALL t!e conditions specified in t!e Buery. T!is )eans you !a(e applied t&o or )ore codes to t!e sa)e Buotation. E6a)ple. KAll Buotations coded &it! OEart!O AN' O0ireO.K T!e AN' operator is (ery selecti(e and often produces an e)pty result set. K4recisionK of t!is operator is !i !+ %ut t!e KrecallK is rat!er lo&. 8t produces %est results &!en co)%ined &it! less restricti(e operators or &!en t!e o(erall nu)%er of t!e a(aila%le te6t se )ents is lar e. N?T T!e N?T operator tests for t!e a%sence of a condition. Tec!nically+ it su%tracts t!e findin s of t!e nonAne ated ter) fro) all data se )ents a(aila%le. Gi(en 12# Buotations in t!e *U and 12 Buotations assi ned to code K0ire+K t!e Buery KN?T 0ireK retrie(es 1#> Buotations A t!ose &!ic! are not coded &it! K0ire.K ?f course+ t!e operator can %e used &it! an ar%itrary e6pression as in t!e ar u)ent KN?T 1Eart! ?R 0ire3K &!ic! is t!e eBui(alent of Gneit!er Eart! nor 0ire.H
T!e ?R operator !as t!e potential to enerate a *UGE nu)%er of !its. 8t !as !i ! KrecallK 1a lot is retrie(ed3+ %ut lo& KprecisionK 1)any of t!e retrie(ed Buotations )ay not )a7e sense3. -enn dia ra)s are descripti(e sc!e)es for illustratin t!e different set operations associated &it! ,oolean operators.
2;2
A or B A xor B
45
not (A or B)
48
A
46
47
49
A and not B A and B not A and B

0i ure 21>. ,oolean Bueries depicted as -enn dia ra)s
T!e rectan le encloses t!e set of all retrie(a%le Buotations+ e. . t!e Kdocu)ent uni(erse.K T!e t&o circles represent t&o codes A and ,. 21 to 2= are Buotations coded &it! A+ ,+ or none 12=3.
Se)antic ?perators
T!e Se)antic ?perator %uttons T!e operators in t!is section e6ploit connected codes resultin fro) pre(ious t!eoryA%uildin &or7. :!ile ,ooleanA%ased Bueries are e6tensional and si)ply enu)erate t!e ele)ents of co)%ined sets 1e. .+ L?-E or R8N'NESS3+ se)antic operators are intentional+ as t!ey already capture so)e )eanin e6pressed in appropriately lin7ed concepts 1e. .+ SU,14?S8T8-E ATT8TU'ES33.
SU, T!e SU, 1or '?:N3 operator tra(erses t!e net&or7 fro) !i !er to lo&er concepts+ collectin all Buotations fro) any of t!e su% codes. ?nly Ktransiti(eK relations %et&een t!e codes are processed 1see GRelationsGon pa e $1#9 all ot!ers are types i nored. :!en %uildin a ter)inolo y fro) your codes+ use t!e 8SA relation for su%Ater) lin7s. E6a)ple. KAll Buotations coded &it! Ma ic or any 1i))ediate or indirect3 su%Ater) of Ma icK. Li7e t!e ?R operator in t!e set of ,oolean operators+ t!e SU, )ay produce lar e result sets. *o&e(er+ unli7e t!e ?R operator+ %ecause you )a7e use of a t!eory usin SU,+ t!e KprecisionK is )uc! %etter 1i. e.+ you et only &!at you e6pect3. ?f course+ if your net&or7 contains du%ious connections 1Kco)puter 8SA intelli ent entityK3+ t!e Buality of your retrie(al &ill decline. U4 T!e U4 operator loo7s at all directly lin7ed codes and t!eir Buotations on t!e ne6t !i !er le(el.. Unli7e t!e SU, operator+ it does not recursi(ely tra(erse t!e structure. ?nly t!e ne6t le(el is considered.
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S8,lin s T!e S8,lin s operator finds all Buotations t!at are connected to t!e selected code or any ot!er descendants of its parents. E6a)ple. KAll Buotations coded &it! Lo(e or any ot!er 4ositi(e Attitude 1!ere. 7indness3.H
0i ure 21/. A !ierarc!y of concepts suita%le for se)antic retrie(al
:it! suc! a net&or7 of codes t!e follo&in Bueries &ould )a7e sense 121 to 2> N Buotations3. SU, 14ositi(e Attitude3 NT f21+ 22+ 2$+ 2<+ 2=g SU, 1Ne ati(e Attitudeg NT f2;+ 27+ 2>g SU, 1Attitude3 NT f21+ 22+ 2$+ 2<+ 2=+ 2;+ 27+ 2>g.
4ro6i)ity ?perators
T!e 4ro6i)ity ?perator %uttons 4ro6i)ity descri%es t!e spatial relation %et&een Buotations. 2uotations can %e e)%edded in one anot!er+ one )ay follo& anot!er+ etc. T!e operators in t!is section e6ploit t!ese relations!ips. T!ey reBuire t&o operands as t!eir ar u)ents. T!ey differ fro) t!e ot!er operators in one i)portant aspect. pro6i)ity operators are nonAco))utati(e. T!is property )a7es t!eir usa e a little )ore difficult to learn. NonAco))utati(ity reBuires a certain input seBuence for t!e operands. :!ile KA ?R ,K is eBual to K, ?R AK+ t!is does not !old for any of t!e pro6i)ity operators. KA 0?LL?:S ,K is not eBual to K, 0?LL?:S AK. :!en %uildin a Buery+ al&ays enter t!e e6pressions in t!e order in &!ic! t!ey appear in t!eir natural lan ua e )anifestation.
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,ecause of nonA co))utati(ity+ e(ery pro6i)ity operator co)es in t&o (ersions.
Anot!er i)portant c!aracteristic for t!ese operators is t!e specification of t!e operand for &!ic! you &ant t!e Buotations retrie(ed. KA :8T*8N ,K specifies t!e constraint+ %ut you )ust also specify if you &ant t!e Buotations for t!e As or t!e ,s. T!is is done i)plicitly %y t!e seBuence. T!e code 1or ter)3 t!at is entered first is t!e one in &!ic! you are interested. 8f ,Ls Buotations are reBuested+ you !a(e to enter K, ENCL?SES AK usin t!e Buery lan ua e descri%ed %elo&. EM,E''8NG ?4ERAT?RS T!e e)%eddin operators descri%e Buotations t!at are contained in one anot!er and t!at are coded &it! certain codes.
:8T*8N A :8T*8N , retrie(es all Buotations coded &it! A t!at are contained &it!in data se )ents coded &it! ,.
ENCL?SES A ENCL?SES , retrie(es all Buotations coded &it! A t!at contain Buotations coded &it! ,.
?-ERLA4 ?4ERAT?RS T!e o(erlap operators descri%e Buotations t!at o(erlap one anot!er.
?-ERLA44E'P,I A ?-ERLA44E'P,I , retrie(es all Buotations coded &it! A t!at are o(erlapped %y Buotations coded &it! ,. ?-ERLA4S A ?-ERLA4S , retrie(es all Buotations coded &it! A t!at o(erlap Buotations coded &it! ,.
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0i ure 22#. -isualiDin t!e spatial relations %et&een se )ents
8f you &ant to retrie(e all se )ents for Greason suspected. %e!a(ioral cluesH related to t!e code G)urdererPdescriptionH+ you &ould need to clic7. Greason suspected. %e!a(ioral cluesH+ G)urdererPdescriptionH+ :8T*8N 8f you enter. G)urdererPdescriptionH+Greason suspected. %e!a(ioral cluesH+ :8T*8N+ t!e Buery tool &ould not deli(er any results for t!e data se )ents s!o&n in fi ure 22#. 8f you enter + G)urdererPdescriptionH+ Greason suspected. %e!a(ioral cluesH ENCL?SES+ t!en t!e Buery tool retrie(es t!e lar er se )ent G)urdererPdescriptionH t!at does contain t!e %e!a(ioral clue. ,ut t!en you need to read )ore t!an you need if you are only interested in t!e %e!a(ioral clues. 8f you are interested in t!e code Gali%iH as reasons for !a(in released a suspect in relation to t!e description of t!e )urderer+ t!en you clic7. Greason released. ali%iH+ G)urdererPdescriptionH o(erlaps. 8f you &ant to find out a%out t!e na)e of t!e suspect related to %e!a(ioral clues+ you enter Gna)e of suspectH+ Greason suspected. %e!a(ioral cluesH :8T*8N. 0ro) t!e a%o(e e6a)ple &e !a(e learned t!at a3 you %e in &it! t!e codes &!ose content you are )ost interested in+ and %3 you first enter t!e codes and t!en you select an operator. See is e6plained in )ore detail %elo& in t!e section GT!e 2uery Lan ua eG. ?ften &!en interested in t!e relation %et&een t&o or )ore codes+ you donOt really care &!et!er so)et!in o(erlaps or is o(erlapped %y+ or is &it!in or encloses. 8t t!is is t!e case+ you si)ply use t!e CoAoccuRE operator+ &!ic! is a co)%ination of :8T*8N+ ENCL?SES+ ?-ERLA4S+ ?-ERLA44E' ,I and AN'. Nonet!eless t!ese (ery specific operators are also (ery useful for specific type of data. T!in7 of (ideo data &!ere it )i !t %e i)portant &et!er action A &as already oin on %efore action , started or (ice (ersa. ?r if you !a(e coded lon er section in your data li7e %io rap!ical ti)e periods in a persons life and t!en did so)e )ore fineA rained codin &it!in t!ese ti)e periods. T!en t!e :8T*8N operator co)es in !andy. T!e sa)e applies &!en &or7in &it! preA coded sur(ey data. ATLAS.ti preAcodes your Buestions+ t!en you do so)e furt!er codin . T!is ena%les you to as7 for instance for all Buotations coded &it! Gtopic 6H :8T*8N Buestion =.
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A'WACENCI ?4ERAT?RS T!e distance operators descri%e a seBuence of dis@oint Buotations. T!e )a6i)u) distance )ay %e specified. 4ossi%le %ase units are c!aracters and para rap!s for te6t+ )illiseconds for audio files+ fra)es for (ideo data and pi6els for i)a es.
0?LL?:S A 0?LL?:S , retrie(es all Buotations coded &it! A t!at follo& Buotations coded &it! ,. 4RECE'ES A 4RECE'ES , retrie(es all Buotations coded &it! A follo&ed %y Buotations coded &it! ,.
A'WACENCI SETT8NGS To set t!e distance+ clic7 on t!e GAd@acency ?perator Settin sH %utton. T!en select a %ase unit and specify t!e )a6i)u) distance.
0i ure 221. Ad@acency operator settin s
T*E C?A?CCURRENCE ?4ERAT?R CoAoccurrence is essentially a s!ortAcut for a co)%ination of all t!e %asic pro6i)ity operators e6cept 0?LL?:S and 4RECE'ES. A C?A?CCURR8NG :8T* ,. 0ind all Buotations t!at coAoccur &it! , 1in &!ate(er &ay3. T!e procedures used for calculatin coAoccurrence for t&o codes is also used in t!e Net&or7 Editor &!en i)portin coAoccurrin codes into a net&or7 (ie&. See G8)port CoAoccurrin CodesH on pa e $$2.
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T!e 2uery Lan ua e

2ueries are %uilt stepA%yAstep fro) operands and operators usin t!e principle of Re(ersed 4olis! Notation 1R4N3. T!is sounds co)plicated+ %ut it is actually Buite easy. See for e6a)ple. !ttp.55en.&i7ipedia.or 5&i7i5Re(erseP4olis!Pnotation R4N+ in(ented %y 4olis! )at!e)atician Lu7asie&icD+ does not reBuire parent!eses to control t!e priority of operators+ nor does it reBuire any ot!er c!aracters li7e co))as+ periods+ etc. E(ery clic7 produces a )eanin ful result and it is i)possi%le to create syntactically &ron Bueries.
?perands 0irst+ ?perators Ne6t

T!e )ost i)portant point to understand a%out R4N is t!e order in &!ic! operands and operators of a searc! e6pression are entered. Usin R4N+ operands 1codes+ code fa)ilies3 are entered first+ follo&ed %y one or )ore operators. T!is is an unusual )et!od for )ost of us &!o are fa)iliar &it! notations &!ere operators are placed %et&een t!e operands+ as in K$ _ =K. Most calculators use t!is type of notation+ also called Kinfi6K notation.
8nfi6 notation. ood for readin . 4ostfi6 notation. ood for clic7in .
T&o aspects )ust %e distin uis!ed. !o& &e read e6pressions and !o& &e for)ulate t!e) &it! a Kpoint and clic7K lan ua e. T!e infi6 notation is usually easier to read+ %ut t!e Kpostfi6K notation is far easier to use &!en creatin Bueries usin )ouseAcontrolled direct )anipulation user interfaces li7e :indo&s.
An Arit!)etic E6a)ple
*ere are so)e si)ple arit!)etic e6a)ples usin an R4N calculator.
Arithmetic expression RP& expression
E6a)ple 1. $ _ < E6a)ple 2. $ _ 1< ] =3 E6a)ple $. 1$ _ <3 ] =
$<_ < = ]$ _ $<_=]
No parent!eses are needed in e6pressions usin R4N notation. T!e precedence of t!e operators is controlled solely %y t!e order in &!ic! operands and operators are entered.
Creatin A 2uery :it! T!e 2uery Tool

T!e result of any Buery is a set of Buotations.
T!e retrie(al of Buotations &it! t!e 2uery Tool differs fro) t!e arit!)etic e6a)ple a%o(e %y t!e result in &!ic! &e are interested. :e are really not interested in t!e operands 1codes+ code fa)ilies3 t!e)sel(es+ %ut in t!e set of Buotations t!at is t!e result of e(aluatin an operand. ,y
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for)ulatin a Buery GA ?R ,+H t!is is &!at &e really )ean. G2uotations coded &it! code A ?R Buotations coded &it! ,.H T!erefore+ enterin t!e operand code GEH displays t!e Buotation na)es &!ic! &ere coded &it! GEH in t!e results list. Ne6t+ you can eit!er (ie& t!e resultin Buotations in conte6t &it!in t!e pri)ary docu)ent+ or enerate a report t!at contains t!e full len !t Buotations &it! or &it!out t!eir co))ents.
,uild co)ple6 Bueries incre)entally &it! i))ediate feed%ac7 after eac! step.
A ,oolean 2uery
T!e e6a)ple %elo& uses t!e *U GC!ildren C *appiness Sta e 88H 4lease load and display t!is *U &!ile readin t!e follo&in . Iou can access t!e sa)ples file (ia *EL4 5 2U8CR T?UR ?ur sa)ple Buery+ usin ,oolean operators+ is t!is. G0ind all Buotations coded &it! eit!er code Gc!ildren. N le(el of !appinessH or code Gc!ildren. unrelated to !appinessH. ?pen t!e 2uery Tool %y clic7in on t!e %inoculars %utton in t!e )ain tool%ar. 'ou%leAclic7 on t!e code Gc!ildren. N le(el of !appinessH. T!e 2uery Tool displays t!e follo&in entries.
0i ure 222. Clic7in a ,oolean 2uery. Step 1
T!e ter) stac7 and feed%ac7 pane no& display t!e code Gc!ildren. N le(el of !appinessH. T!e results pane lists all Buotations for t!is code. 'ou%leAclic7 on t!e code Gc!ildren. unrelated to !appinessH.
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0i ure 22$. Clic7in a ,oolean 2uery. Step 2
No& t!ere are t&o entries in t!e ter) stac7+ t!e codes Gc!ildren. N le(el of !appinessH and Gc!ildren. unrelated to !appinessH T!e feed%ac7 pane displays t!e acti(e Buery. code Gc!ildren. unrelated to !appinessH. And in t!e result pane you can i))ediately see t!e t!irteen Buotations coded &it! t!is code. :it! t&o operands on t!e ter) stac7+ &e can co)%ine t!e) &it! an appropriate operator. T!e intention &as to retrie(e all Buotations t!at contain infor)ation a%out an ali%i or lac7 of e(idence as reasons to release a suspect. Clic7 on t!e ?R operator 1see left3 to co)%ine t!e t&o e6pressions fro) t!e stac7.
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0i ure 22<. Clic7in a ,oolean 2uery. Step $
T!e ter) stac7 no& contains only one ter)+ ?R1Gc!ildren. N le(el of !appinessH+Hc!ildren. unrelated to !appinessH3+ i. e. t!e co)%ination of t!e t&o codes. T!is ter) can %e used as an operand to furt!er e6tend t!e Buery+ e. . to ne ate t!e e6pression or add so)e )ore codes to it. ,ut &e &ill stop !ere for no&. T!e feed%ac7 pane displays t!e Buery in infi6 notation+ as &e &ould !a(e entered it into a re ular calculator 1Gc!ildren. N le(el of !appiness h Gc!ildren. unrelated to !appinessH3. T!e results pane lists $1 Buotations. Iou can loo7 at t!e Buotations in t!e conte6t of t!e docu)ent %y clic7in on a Buotation in t!e list+ or you can create a report 1see G?utput of 2uery ResultsG %elo&3.
?utput ?f 2uery Results

-ie&in Results 8n Conte6t
Ma7e sure t!at t!e 2uery Tool does not co)pletely o%struct t!e area &!ere 4's are displayed. Clic7 on a Buotation in t!e results pane. T!e Buotation is !i !li !ted in t!e pri)ary docu)ent pane.
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0i ure 22=. -ie&in results in conte6t
Creatin A Report
To print all !its found %y a Buery+ clic7 t!e 4R8NTER %utton to t!e ri !t of t!e results list.
0i ure 22;. ?utput options
Select one of t!e follo&in report options. L8ST. 4rint a list of all Buotations in a co)pact for)at s!o&in only t!e Buotation na)es. L8ST F 8NCLU'E C?MMENTS. Sa)e as L8ST %ut includes t!e BuotationsL co))ents if any. 0ULL C?NTENT. ?utput t!e co)plete te6t of t!e Buotations 1&or7s for te6tA type Buotations only+ o%(iously3. 0ULL C?NTENT F N? META. ?utput t!e co)plete te6t of t!e Buotations and specify t!e 7ind of infor)ation t!at is included in t!e output. Iou )ay for e6a)ple e6clude t!e )eta infor)ation for eac! Buotation. 0ULL C?NTENT F 8NCLU'E C?MMENTS. Sa)e as 0ULL C?NTENT %ut includes t!e BuotationsL co))ents if any. T!en+ c!oose &!et!er t!e output s!ould %e displayed in a te6t editor+ sa(ed to dis7+ or printed 1see also G?utput 'estinationsG on pa e $>=3.
272
0i ure 227. Select output destination
Cleanin Up T!e *it List

,efore creatin a report of all t!e Buotations found %y t!e Buery+ you !a(e t!e option to re)o(e entries fro) t!e !it list. Iou can re)o(e un&anted !its fro) t!e list usin t!e erase %utton ri !t ne6t to t!e printer %utton. Iou could+ of course+ refor)ulate your Buery to i)pro(e t!e precision. T!is is !o& you clean up t!e !it list. Select an un&anted Buotation in t!e !it list. Clic7 t!e ERASE %utton 1see left3.
Anot!er E6a)ple Usin A 4ro6i)ity ?perator

8f not already open+ select *EL4 5 2U8CR T?UR 5 L?A' GC*8L'REN C *A448NESS STAGE 88H to open t!e sa)ple file. 0or e6a)ple+ &e can ta7e a loo7 at t!e code Gdef !appiness. fulfill)entH 1respondents &!o define !appiness as fulfill)ent3 and inspect &!et!er t!e responses are different dependent on &!et!er so)eone !as c!ildren or not. 'ou%leAclic7 on t!e fa)ily Gdef !appiness. fulfill)entH. 'ou%leAclic7 on t!e code Gefa). !as c!ildrenH. T Select t!e C??CCUR operator. T!e results for t!is Buery are s!o&n in t!e result pane. T!e nu)%er of results is s!o&n in t!e %otto) left corner of t!e &indo&. To display t!e results in conte6t+ clic7 on eac! Buotation.
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0i ure 22>. 2uery tool &indo&
To create an output of t!ese results+ clic7 on t!e printer %utton. LetLs no& co)pare &!et!er &e et different results if &e select respondents &!o do not !a(e c!ildren. Clic7 on t!e %utton C 1CLEAR3 at t!e top of t!e Buery tool. 'ou%leAclic7 on t!e fa)ily Gdef !appiness. fulfill)entH. 'ou%leAclic7 on t!e code Gefa). no c!ildrenH. Select t!e C??CCUR operator. T!e result pane s!o&s 1 Buotation.
Super Codes
Super Codes are a con(enient &ay to store Bueries. Super Codes are (ery si)ilar in loo7 and feel to nor)al codes+ &it! one i)portant difference. instead of G!ard&iredH connections to Buotations+ Super Codes store a Buery to co)pute t!eir (irtual references &!ene(er needed. T!ey Gauto)aticallyH c!an e t!eir %e!a(ior durin t!e course of t!eory %uildin . 8f you !a(e a Super Code %ased on a Buery li7e 1Code A h Code ,3 C??CCUR Code C and you add or delete Buotations lin7ed to eit!er Code A+ , or C+ t!en t!e Buotations lin7ed to t!e super code &ill auto)atically %e ad@usted. Super Codes can %e clic7ed on in t!e code list li7e any ot!er code and t!ey &ill display t!eir Buotations in an identical &ay. Nor)al codes in co)parisons are G!ardA&iredH to t!eir Buotations.
K8ntelli entK Super Codes co)pute t!eir Buotations Gon de)andH.
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0i ure 22/. Codes are !ardA&ired to t!eir Buotations
0i ure 2$#. Super codes are lin7ed to Buotations (ia a Buery
Super codes are displayed in t!e Code Mana er @ust li7e re ular codes and can %e reco niDed eit!er %y a red te6t color or %y t!eir red sy)%ol+ if i)a es are s&itc!ed on in t!e -ie&s )enu. T!e list of Buotations associated &it! t!e Super Code can %e displayed &it! a dou%leAclic7+ @ust as for any ot!er code. 0reBuencies 1density3 are only indicated if you acti(ated it+ e. . &it! a dou%leA clic7 in t!e Code Mana er. 8f you start a ne& session+ an asteris7 1]3 replaces t!e freBuency count. T!e reason for t!is is t!at a Super Code is dyna)ic and its density5freBuency count c!an es as soon as you )odify any of t!e codes contained in t!e Buery of t!e Super Code. 0or t!e sa)e reason+ Super Codes are not displayed in t!e )ar in area. T!ere is t!e possi%ility to create a re ular code fro) a Super Code 1see GSnaps!ot CodesH on pa e 2773. Super Codes can %e used in code fa)ilies+ Net&or7 -ie&s+ and+ last %ut not least+ as po&erful operands in Bueries+ allo&in you to incre)entally %uild co)ple6 Bueries.
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Creatin Super Codes

To create a Super Code+ you )ust !a(e already constructed a Buery usin t!e 2uery Tool &!ic! is displayed in t!e ter) stac7. Note t!at %ecause Super Codes are Gintentional+H you can also create a (alid and useful Super Code &it! an e)pty results list 1&!ic! )i !t &ell c!an e in a later sta e of your analysis3. Clic7 t!e KSuperACodeK %utton in t!e Buery tool %et&een t!e feed%ac7 pane and t!e result pane.
0i ure 2$1. Location of super code %utton in t!e Buery tool
Enter a na)e for t!e ne& Super Code or accept t!e default na)e created fro) t!e Buery e6pression. Clic7 ?R.
0i ure 2$2. 'isplay of super codes in t!e Code Mana er
T!e ne&ly created Super Code i))ediately appears in t!e list of codes and can %e used for ne& Bueries 1and Super Codes3 ri !t a&ay. 8ts icon and code na)e are red. Iou can access and edit t!e Buery later 1see GEditin a super code 2ueryG on pa e 27;+ %ut t!e notation t!at is used in t!e edit Buery &indo& is not so easy to understand. T!erefore it is ad(isa%le t!at you enter t!e Buery into t!e co))ent field of t!e super code. Iou can copy and paste it fro) t!e feed%ac7 pane into t!e co))ent field.
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Creatin Super Codes 8n T!e Code Mana er

Iou can also create super codes usin an ?R co)%ination in t!e Code Mana er. Select )ultiple codes in t!e Code Mana er. Select t!e )enu option C?'ES 5 M8SCELLANE?US 5 CREATE SU4ER C?'E. Enter a na)e for t!e super code and clic7 ?R.
Editin A Super Code 2uery

8f you &ant to edit t!e Buery a super code is %ased upon+ !i !li !t t!e super code in t!e Code Mana er and select M8SCELLANE?US 5 E'8T 2UERI fro) t!e )enu.
0i ure 2$$. Editin a super code
Clic7 on t!e *elp %utton for instructions.
AutoA?pti)iDation ?f Super Code 2ueries

8n order to ta7e into account Buotations t!at &ere )anually re)o(ed fro) t!e !it list in t!e result pane of t!e 2uery Tool+ t!e syste) )ust )odified t!e Buery %efore a Super Code is created. ?t!er&ise it &ould display t!e full set retrie(ed %y t!e ori inal Buery. To acco)plis! t!is tas7+ a GsuppressorH code is created+ &!ic! refers to t!e Buotations re)o(ed fro) t!e !it list. E6a)ple. T!e ori inal Buery GAll Buotations coded &it! GCode AH ?R GCode ,H3 yields < Buotations 1.1+ 1.2+ 1.$ and $.1. 0ro) t!e !it list+ Buotation 1.1
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and 1.$ are re)o(ed. T!e Buery is no& )odified %y creatin a ne& GsuppressorH code ]]21 referencin 1.1 and 1.$. T!e ori inal Buery is )odified as follo&s. 1Code A ?R Code ,3 AN' N?T 1]]213 And returns e6actly &!at you &ant. Buotations 1.2 and $.1. ,ot! t!e Super CodeOs and t!e suppressor codeOs auto)atically created co))ent reflect t!eir )utual dependency. A suppressor code cannot %e deleted %efore t!e referrin Super Code is deleted.
:!at Iou Cannot 'o :it! Super Codes

As Super Codes are not directly associated &it! Buotations+ certain restrictions apply.
Super codes cannot used for )anual codin .
Codin . T!e )ost i)portant constraint is t!at you cannot associate t!e) &it! Buotations directly. T!erefore+ Super Codes are not presented &!en doin Kcode %y list+K and dra C drop onto data selections is pro!i%ited. Mer in . Code Mer e operations includin Super Codes are also not possi%le. 4re(ent Cycles. 8f you created a Super Code &!ose Buery contains a reference to a code fa)ily+ you cannot assi n t!is Super Code to t!e code fa)ily later. T!is &ould create a cyclic structure and is t!erefore disallo&ed.
Snaps!ot Codes
A Snaps!ot Code is a nor)al code t!at records t!e current state of a Super Code %y &ay of G!ardA&iredH lin7s to t!e deri(ed Buotations. ,y creatin a snaps!ot fro) ti)e to ti)e+ you can analyDe t!e de(elop)ent of a Super Code. Unli7e t!e Super Code+ a code created %y t!e snaps!ot is displayed in t!e )ar in area and can %e used for furt!er codin . T!e default snaps!ot code na)es are suffi6ed &it! ZSNSnu)%erT[.
*o& To Create A Snaps!ot Code

Select a Super Code in t!e Code Mana er. 0ro) t!e C?'ES 5 M8SCELLANE?US )enu+ select option CREATE SNA4S*?T. T!e ne&ly create code appears in t!e Code Mana er. T!e code icon turns yello&+ t!e c!aracters of t!e code na)e appear in %lac7 and t!e postAfi6 ZSN1 _ a consecuti(e nu)%er[ is added to t!e na)e. T!e freBuency count is per)anently displayed as t!e snaps!ot code is no lon er dyna)ic.
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0i ure 2$<. A super code and its snaps!ot
Restrictin Code 2ueries To Su% Groups

Iou can specify t!e docu)ents t!at are to %e considered in a Buery. ,y default+ t!e BueryOs Kdocu)ent uni(erseK is all 4's currently filtered in t!e *U Editor. Clic7in Scope opens anot!er &indo& t!at s!o&s t!e 4's in t!e lo&er left pane and t!e 4' fa)ilies in t!e upper left. As 4' fa)ilies can %e loo7ed at as no)inal (aria%les+ it is easy to preselect Kall inter(ie&s &it! )ale inter(ie&ees a ed %et&een t&enty and t!irty fro) s)all to&ns. A restricted set of operators is offered 1note t!at only ,oolean operators )a7e sense !ere3 and can %e used to construct scope selection Bueries in )uc! t!e sa)e &ay as t!e Buery itself.
0i ure 2$=. Restrictin a searc! to a su% roup of data
0i ure 2$= a%o(e s!o&s a si)ply Buery for t!e code fa)ily Greasons for !a(in 7idsH. T!e scope is set to t!e 4' fa)ily G ender..)aleH. T!is )eans t!at t!e result pane is filtered only displayin Buotations fro) )ale respondents. T!is results in 7 Buotations+ &!ic! can %e seen at t!e %otto) left of t!e Buery tool &indo&.
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'ou%leAclic7in on t!e 4' 0a)ily G ender..fe)aleH in turn yields 1# Buotations. 0urt!er co)parisons could %e %y educational le(el+ )arital status+ &!et!er so)eone is a parent or not+ etc. 0or t!e results al&ays loo7 at t!e result pane of t!e Buery tool &indo&. T!e %otto) pane of t!e Scope of 2uery &indo& s!o&s all Buotations fro) t!e selected docu)ent roup. 8n )at!e)atical ter)s+ t!e result pane in t!e Buery tool &indo& s!o&s t!e intersection %et&een t!e code Buery and all Buotations fro) a particular docu)ent roup. Iou can also co)%ine a nu)%er of 4' fa)ilies or indi(idual 4's usin ,oolean operators in t!e Scope of 2uery :indo&+ or %y creatin Super 4' fa)ilies 1see GCo)%inin roup of docu)ents to restrict searc!esG %elo& or GCreatin Super 0a)ilies as Glo%al 0iltersG on pa e =>. A scope is not stored as part of a Super CodeOs Buery specification. :!en you process t!e Buery of a Super Code later+ t!e co)plete data %ase is Bueried %y default.
Co)%inin Group ?f 'ocu)ents To Restrict Searc!es

A co)%ination of docu)ent fa)ilies li7e all fe)ales in a e roup 88 1$1A<#3 fro) Ne& Ior7 is clic7ed in t!e sa)e &ay as you clic7 a code Buery. Iou first select t&o or )ore 4' fa)ilies and t!en you select one or )ore operaators. Create a Buery. Clic7 on t!e Scope %utton. To create t!e a%o(e descri%ed su% roup+ you &ould dou%le clic7 on t!e t!ree fa)ilies. fe)ale+ a e roup 88 and City..Ne& Ior7. T!en you clic7 on t!e AN' operator t&ice.
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0i ure 2$;. Co)%inin docu)ent fa)ilies to set t!e scope
8f you need certain co)%inations of docu)ent fa)ilies )ore often+ t!en you can create so called Super 0a)ilies. *o& t!is &or7s is descri%ed in t!e ne6t section.
Super 0a)ilies
Wust li7e Super Codes+ Super 0a)ilies reA calculate t!eir )e)%ers Gon de)and.H
Super 0a)ilies follo& t!e sa)e underlyin lo ic as Super Codes 1cf. GSuper CodesH on pa e 27$3. T!ey are constructed %y co)%inin fa)ilies or already e6istin super fa)ilies. T!eir )e)%ers are deter)ined dyna)ically &!ene(er you acti(ate a Super 0a)ily. Super fa)ilies can %e created %ased on pri)ary docu)ent fa)ilies+ code fa)ilies and )e)o fa)ilies. ,elo& an e6a)ple is s!o&n for pri)ary docu)ent fa)ilies. Creatin super code or super )e)o fa)ilies &or7s in t!e sa)e &ay.
Usin Super 0a)ilies

E6a)ple
Iou are &or7in in t!e Custo)er 'epart)ent of an airline and !a(e %een i(en t!e tas7 to analyDe custo)er co)plaints. As %asis for your analysis+ you
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!a(e a set of docu)ents dealin &it! custo)er co)plaints a%out do)estic fli !ts and a set of docu)ents dealin &it! custo)er co)plaints a%out international fli !ts. Iour co)pany is particularly interested in differences %et&een do)estic and international fli !ts and differences %et&een %usiness and leisure tra(elers. 8)portant factors to analyDe )i !t %e ender+ le(el of inco)e+ and freBuentAflyer status. T!e )atri6 %elo& is %ased on t!e four custo)er roups.
Domestic *lights "nternational *lights
,usiness tra(eler Leisure tra(eler
,usiness tra(eler Leisure tra(eler
To represent t!ese four roups in ATLAS.ti+ you create pri)ary docu)ent fa)ilies. Ne6t+ you code t!e data. 0or e6a)ple+ you )ay use codes suc! as Gpunctuality+H G eneral ser(ice+H GinAfli !t ser(ices+H and G!u)an interactionH to descri%e co)plaints custo)ers !ad. After codin + you can use t!e Buery tool in co)%ination &it! t!e scope function to find out !o& t!e four roups differ in ter)s of t!eir co)plaint %e!a(ior. ?pen t!e 2uery Tool. 'ou%leAclic7 on t!e code containin t!e infor)ation you are interested in+ e. .+ co)plaints a%out \inAfli !t ser(ices.L Clic7 Scope to restrict t!e searc! to a specific su% roups of your data+ e. . %usiness tra(elers on do)estic fli !ts. 'ou%leAclic7 on t!e 4' fa)ily \'o)estic 0li !tsL and on t!e 4' fa)ily \,usiness Tra(elerL and co)%ine t!e) usin t!e AN' operator. T!e result pane of t!e 2uery Tool no& displays all Buotations related to co)plaints a%out inAfli !t ser(ices fro) %usiness tra(elers on do)estic fli !ts. 8n order to co)pare t!e four roups in re ard to different types of co)plaints+ t!e steps a%o(e need to %e repeated. *a(in freBuently used co)%inations of fa)ilies a(aila%le as Super 0a)ilies eases suc! tas7s considera%ly. ,elo&+ a stepA%yAstep instruction on !o& to create Super 0a)ilies is pro(ided.
*o& To Create A Super 0a)ily

An easy &ay to create super fa)ilies is (ia t!e side panels in t!e )ana ers. T!is !as %een e6plained in detail in t!e section GCreatin Super 0a)ilies as Glo%al 0iltersG on pa e =>. *o&e(er+ !ere only t!e operators AN' and ?R can %e used to create super fa)ilies. T!e super fa)ily tool 1see 0i ure 2$73+ offers a fe& )ore options. ?pen a 0a)ily Mana er and clic7 t!e Super 0a)ily %utton 1see left3+ or select 0AM8L8ES 5 ?4EN SU4ER 0AM8LI T??L fro) t!e )enu. T!e Super 0a)ily Tool opens.
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0i ure 2$7. Super 0a)ily Tool for 4ri)ary 'ocu)ent 0a)ilies
T!e Super 0a)ily Tool is li7e a reduced 2uery Tool 1see G2uery ToolH on pa e 2=> for details3. 8n t!e left pane+ t!e a(aila%le fa)ilies are listed. 0or our e6a)ple a%o(e+ t!ere are four re ular fa)ilies. T!e panes on t!e ri !tA!and side 1fro) top to %otto). t!e ter) stac7 pane+ t!e feed%ac7 pane and t!e result pane3 display infor)ation once you %e in to create a co)%ination of fa)ilies. T!e %uttons a%o(e t!e stac7 pane are descri%ed in t!e conte6t of t!e 2uery Tool 1see GStac7 Mana e)entH on pa e 2>73. To create a Super 0a)ily co)%inin t&o fa)ilies 1suc! as Gdo)estic fli !tsH and G%usiness tra(elerH3+ do t!e follo&in . 'ou%leAclic7 on fa)ily \'o)estic fli !tL. 8t is displayed in t!e stac7 pane. 'ou%leAclic7 on t!e fa)ily \,usiness tra(elersL. 8t is Gpus!edH on top of t!e stac7. No& you !a(e t&o fa)ilies on t!e stac7 t!at can %e co)%ined &it! one of t!e operators. 8n order to create a roup of all %usiness tra(elers on do)estic fli !ts+ clic7 t!e AN' operator. T!is operator Gfetc!esH t!e t&o fa)ilies fro) t!e stac7 and creates t!e co)%ined e6pression. T!e stac7 no& contains t!e Buery e6pression in prefi6 notation+ t!e feed%ac7 pane s!o&s t!e infi6 notation of t!e Buery+ &!ic! is %etter to read and understand. T!e resultin ite)s are displayed in t!e results pane.
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0i ure 2$>. Creatin a super fa)ily
8n t!e results pane+ t!ose )e)%ers of t!e fa)ilies are listed 1eit!er 4's+ codes+ or )e)os3 t!at )atc! t!e current Buery. Clic7 t!e SU4ER 0AM8LI %utton to store t!e Buery as a Super fa)ily. Iou are pro)pted for a na)e. Accept t!e default or enter a ne& na)e+ for instance G,usiness tra(elers on do)estic fli !tsH. T!e ne& Super 0a)ily is displayed in t!e fa)ily %ro&ser &it! a red (ersion of t!e fa)ily icon. 8f icons are turned off+ t!e list entry is colored red.
4ossi%le 0a)ily Co)%inations

Iou can co)%ine fa)ilies in nu)erous and co)ple6 &ays to for) Super 0a)ilies. 8n t!e follo&in section+ so)e co))on co)%inations are presented. ?nce you are fa)iliar &it! t!e tool+ you can (enture out and try out )ore co)ple6 co)%inations. 0or t!e follo&in descriptions of t!e four operators+ loo7in at t!e -enn dia ra) 1see GSe)antic ?peratorsG3 )ay %e !elpful. T!e Super 0a)ily tool offers four operators t!at can %e used to co)%ine fa)ilies. T!e four operators are also 7no&n as ,oolean operators. ?R+ E?R+ AN'+ and N?T.
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Co)%inin t&o fa)ilies &it! t!e ?R operator yields t!ose ite)s t!at are )e)%ers of one or %ot! fa)ilies. Co)%inin t&o fa)ilies &it! t!e AN' operator yields only t!ose )e)%ers %elon in to %ot! fa)ilies. Co)%inin t&o fa)ilies usin t!e E?R operator yields all )e)%ers %elon in to any of t!e fa)ilies less t!ose t!at are in %ot! fa)ilies. T!e N?T operator in(erts an e6istin fa)ily. ,y ne atin a fa)ily fe)ale+ you could si)ply create a Super 0a)ily t!at+ presu)a%ly+ includes all )ales. T!e N?T operator+ as &ell as all ot!er operators+ does not only &or7 on fa)ilies %ut also on Super 0a)ilies or in ar%itrary partial Bueries as in GN?T 1A ?R ,3H.
Co)%inin 0a)ilies Usin ,oolean ?perators

Co)%inin fa)ilies to %uild Super 0a)ilies is essentially t!e sa)e as for)ulatin codeA and code fa)ilyA%ased Bueries in t!e ATLAS.ti 2uery Tool. T!e seBuence of enterin a Buery to create a Super 0a)ily is as follo&s. 0irst+ select all fa)ilies t!at you &ant to co)%ine+ and t!en select t!e operator1s3.
"ntended +uery
,hat to clic-
Display in .uery feedbacpane
Me)%ers fa)ily A or fa)ily , 1or %ot!3 Me)%ers t!at e6clusi(ely %elon to eit!er fa)ily A or fa)ily , Me)%ers t!at %elon to %ot! fa)ily A and fa)ily , Me)%ers t!at do not %elon to fa)ily A
0a)ily A+ 0a)ily ,+ ?R 1G0a)ily AH h G0a)ily ,H3 0a)ily A+ 0a)ily ,+ E?R 1G0a)ily AH hh G0a)ily ,H3
0a)ily A+ 0a)ily ,+ AN' 0a)ily A+ N?T
1G0a)ily AH C G0a)ily ,H3 N?T G0a)ily AH
Co)%inin More T!an T&o 0a)ilies

8n order to co)%ine )ore t!an t&o fa)ilies+ you can use a si)ple Buery to %uild upon+ or you can clic7 it as one seBuence. 0or t!e %e inner+ it is reco))ended to %uild up to a )ore co)ple6 Buery stepA%yAstep. CREAT8NG A C?M4LEE 2UERI STE4A,IASTE4 LetLs assu)e you &ant to create a Super 0a)ily containin all fe)ale respondents under t!e a e of 2=+ li(in in Ne& Ior7. T!is )eans you &ant to enerate a Super 0a)ily %ased on t!e o(erlap of t!e t!ree fa)ilies ernder..fe)ale+ a e roup..under 2=+ and residence..Ne& Ior7. :e start %y co)%in t!e first t&o fa)ilies Gfe)aleH and Gunder 2=H. 8f you !ad suc! fa)ilies+ you &ould. 'ou%leAclic7 fa)ily G ender..fe)aleH. 'ou%leAclic7 fa)ily Ga e roup..under 2=H. Select operator AN'.
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T!e stac7 pane and t!e Buery pane no& contain t!e follo&in ter)s.
0i ure 2$/. 0irst step in %uildin a )ore co)ple6 Buery stepA%yAstep
T!e display in t!e Buery feed%ac7 pane )atc!es )ore or less t!e &ay &e &ould e6press t!e Buery in e(eryday lan ua e. 8n t!e fi ure a%o(e+ one ite) is displayed in t!e stac7+ na)ely t!e Buery &e @ust entered. :e can no& incre)entally %uild a )ore co)ple6 Buery fro) t!is Buery. 'ou%leAclic7 on t!e fa)ily Gresidence..Ne& Ior7H. T!is pus!es t!e fa)ily onto t!e stac7+ &!ic! no& contains t&o ite)s ready to %e co)%ined.
Iou can use t!e *appiness Sta e 88 sa)ple pro@ect to create your o&n co)%inations %ased on t!e 4' fa)ilies t!at &ere i)ported &it! t!e sur(ey data. 0or e6a)ple+ you can try to create a super fa)ily t!at contains all )ale respondents t!at !a(e c!ildren and are )arried. T!is co)%ination applies to t&o respondents+ 41< and 417.
0i ure 2<#. Clic7in a )ore co)ple6 Buery A step 2
T!e feed%ac7 pane al&ays displays t!e ite) t!at is on top of t!e stac7. T!e top)ost ite) on t!e stac7 !as eit!er %een entered or is t!e result of applyin an operator.
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To yield all docu)ents t!at )atc! all t!ree reBuire)ents. fe)ale+ under 2=+ and fro) Ne& Ior7+ clic7 t!e AN' operator a ain. T!e stac7 and Buery feed%ac7 pane no& loo7s as follo&s.
0i ure 2<1. Clic7in a )ore co)ple6 Buery A step $
8f t!ese are all t!e attri%utes t!at you &ant to co)%ine+ clic7 on t!e Super 0a)ily %utton. 8f you &ant to co)%ine a fourt! or fift! attri%ute+ continue as descri%ed a%o(e. CREAT8NG A C?M4LEE 2UERI AS A SE2UENCE :!en creatin a co)ple6 Buery in one seBuence+ t!e rule is to select all fa)ilies first+ follo&ed %y t!e appropriate nu)%er and type of operators. Usin t!e sa)e e6a)ple as a%o(e+ t!e seBuence &ould %e as follo&s. 'ou%leAclic7 on t!e fa)ily G ender..fe)ale.H 'ou%leAclic7 on t!e fa)ily Ga e roup..under 2=.H 'ou%leAclic7 on t!e fa)ily Gresidence.Ne& Ior7.H Select t!e operator AN'. Select t!e operator AN' a ain. 0urt!er e6a)ples. 8f you add t!e N?T operator to t!e a%o(e Buery+ you !a(e create a fa)ily co)%ination not containin fe)ale respondents+ under t!e a e of 2=+ li(in in Ne& Ior7. As an e6ercise. !o& &ould you create a fa)ily co)%ination yieldin )ales o(er 2= not li(in in Ne& Ior7U Solution. Co)%ine fa)ilies G ender..fe)aleH+ Ga e roup..under 2=H and Gresidence..Ne& Ior7H usin t!e ?R operator+ t!en ne ate usin N?T. T!e
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resultin Buery loo7s li7e t!is. N?T 1K ender..fe)aleK h 1Ka e roup.. under 2=K h Kresidence.. Ne& Ior7K33 Anot!er option is to clic7 t!e seBuence. a e roup.. under 2= residence.. Ne& Ior7 ?R N?T ender..)ale AN' T!e resultin Buery loo7s li7e t!is. 1N?T 1Kresidence.. Ne& Ior7K h Ka e roup.. under 2=K3 C K ender..)aleK3
Create A Snaps!ot 0ro) A Super 0a)ily

Snaps!ots are G!ardA&iredH (ersions of super fa)ilies.
A snaps!ot creates a G!ard&iredH standard fa)ily containin t!e ite)s deri(ed fro) a Super 0a)ily as its )e)%ers. E6a)ple. ,y creatin a snaps!ot fro) Super Code fa)ily C!e)istry+ a ne& 1standard3 fa)ily is created &!ic! includes all codes t!at t!e Super 0a)ily !as as its )e)%ers at t!is ti)e. :!ile a Super 0a)ily reflects any c!an es in re ard to t!e )e)%ers of any of its co)%ined fa)ilies+ a snaps!ot &ill not c!an e. T!is is identical to creatin snaps!ot fro) Super Codes. Snaps!ots are a )eans to audit t!e process of your analysis. ,y co)parin Super 0a)ilies &it! pre(ious snaps!ots+ you can see !o& and in &!ic! direction your t!ou !ts !a(e de(eloped. To create a snaps!ot fa)ily+ select a super fa)ily in a fa)ily )ana er. T!en select t!e )enu option M8SCELLANE?US 5 CREATE SNA4S*?T. ,y default t!e postAfi6 1SN _ a consecuti(e nu)%er[ is added to t!e na)e.
0i ure 2<2. Super fa)ily and its snaps!ot
Additional 2uery Tool 0unctions

Stac7 Mana e)ent
Se(eral functions are a(aila%le in poc7et calculator style as a series of %uttons. ?t!er functions can %e acti(ated %y conte6t )enus opened in one of t!e list panes.
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0i ure 2<$. 2uery tool stac7 functions
Clear t!e co)plete ter) stac7 of e6pressions. S&aps t!e t&o top ele)ents of t!e stac7. Use if you )i6 up t!e input order. K4us!K a copy of t!e top)ost ele)ent onto t!e stac7 1in ot!er &ords. duplicate it3. T!is is a useful feature if you need to replicate a co)ple6 e6pression. 8f you created ne& codin t!at affect t!e current Buery &!ile t!e 2uery Tool is open+ you !a(e to clic7 RECALC to reprocess t!e Buery. UN'? re)o(es t!e top)ost entry fro) t!e stac7. T!is is con(enient if you clic7ed on t!e &ron code. Redo pus!es t!e last re)o(ed entry %ac7 onto t!e stac7. T!e functions a%o(e are also a(aila%le fro) t!e conte6t )enu of t!e ter) stac7 pane.
More 0unctions
Conte6t Menus Se(eral conte6t )enus are a(aila%le in t!e (arious panes of t!e 2uery Tool t!at co)ple)ent t!e functions a(aila%le (ia t!e %uttons. Most ite)s in t!e conte6t )enus ser(e an infor)ational need. T!e code fa)ily paneOs conte6t )enu !as a sin le co))and. 'isplay Codes.
0i ure 2<<. Conte6t )enu of t!e code fa)ily pane
Select to (ie& t!e )e)%er codes of t!e selected code fa)ily.
T!e code paneOs )enu offers infor)ation a%out t!e selected code nei !%ors+ t!e ter) 1i. e.+ Buery3 if it is a Super Code+ e)%eddin + e)%edded and coA occurrin codes.
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0i ure 2<=. Conte6t )enu of t!e codes pane
T!e conte6t )enu for t!e ter) stac7 pane rese)%les t!e stac7 function %uttons descri%ed a%o(e.
0i ure 2<;. Conte6t )enu of t!e ter) stac7 pane
T!e results paneLs )enu offers infor)ation a%out t!e nei !%ors 1codes+ ot!er Buotations+ )e)os3+ e)%eddin + e)%edded+ or coAoccurrin codes of a selected K!it.K A furt!er option offers t!e possi%ility to re)o(e t!e selected !it fro) t!e results list+ to create a report or to create a 4' fa)ily %ased on all 4's included in t!e results.
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0i ure 2<7. Conte6t )enu of t!e results pane
T!e last option is (ery useful in t!e searc! of patterns and typolo ies in your data. 8t is also of ood ser(ice &!en &or7in &it! i)a es as in a lot of cases t!e i)a e itself is t!e unit of analysis.
CoAoccurrence Tools
T!e Cooccurrence E6plorer allo&s to as7 a different type of Buestions. Usin t!is tool+ you can as7 ATLAS.ti to s!o& you all codes t!at coAoccur across all of your pri)ary docu)ents. T!e result is a crossAta%ulation of all codes. As co)pared to t!e 2uery Tool &!ere t!e user !as to deter)ine and select codes or code fa)ilies and t!e appropriate operator+ t!e CoAoccurrence E6plorer %y default loo7s for all codes t!at coAoccur in t!e )ar in area co)%inin t!e operators :8T*8N+ ENCL?SES+ ?-ERLA4S+ ?-ERLA44E' ,I and AN'. 8nstead of crossAta%ulatin all pro@ect codes+ it is often )ore )eanin ful to apply filters for certain codes and docu)ents in order to concentrate on a )ore specific set of concepts. T!e output of t!e Cooccurrence E6plorer can %e displayed in a tree (ie& or as a data )atri6. ,elo& you see an e6a)ple for %ot!.
*o& To ?pen T!e CoAoccurrence Tools

Select ANALIS8S 5 C?'E C??CCURRENCE TREE or C?'E C??CCURRENCE TA,LE.
T!e CoAoccurrence Tree E6plorer

:!en runnin t!e tree e6plorer+ you only see t!e root o%@ects &!en it opens. ?pen t!e %ranc!es %y clic7in on t!e _ si n to see t!e t!e cooccurin codes on t!e first le(el and t!e associated Buotations on t!e second le(el.
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0i ure 2<>. E6pandin to code and Buotation le(el in t!e tree e6plorer
T!e sa)e option is a(aila%le for pri)ary docu)ents. 8f you e6pand t!e %ranc! for 4ri)ary 'ocs+ you can see &!ic! codes !a(e %een applied to t!is 4'. 0urt!er+ you can e6pand to t!e Buotation le(el to loo7 at t!e )aterial coded t!ere. 8n t!e a%o(e e6a)ple+ you can i))ediately see all ans&ers i(en %y fe)ale %lo &riters a%out t!eir t!ou !ts &!y !a(in c!ildren )eans less !appiness. 8n t!e section GE6plainin freBuency count and nu)%er of Buotations listedG on pa e 2/$ it is e6plained !o& to interpret t!e listed Buotations. 8f you &ant a count of t!e nu)%er of Buotations t!at coAoccur+ you need to run t!e ta%le e6plorer 1see %elo&3.
T!e CoAoccurrence Ta%le E6plorer

T!e CoAoccurrence Ta%le E6plorer in co)parison to t!e Tree E6plorer s!o&s t!e freBuencies of coAoccurrence in for) of a )atri6 si)ilar to a correlation )atri6 t!at you )ay 7no& fro) statistical soft&are. To produce suc! a ta%le+ select Analysis 5 C?'E C??CCURRENCE TA,LE. Ne6t you need to select t!e codes for t!e colu)n and for t!e ro&s as s!o&n in 0i ure 2</.
2/2
0i ure 2</. Selectin ro& and colu)n codes
T!e results are displayed i))ediately.
0i ure 2=#. Results of a cooccurence Buery
'ou%leAclic7 on a cell+ t!en t!e list of coded Buotations opens. 8n case of o(erlaps+ t!e list s!o&s t&o Buotations for one cooccurence. T!is is furt!er e6plained in t!e section GE6plainin freBuency count and nu)%er of Buotations listedG on pa e 2/$.
2/$
0i ure 2=1. -ie&in
t!e coAoccurrin Buotations
Clic7 on an entry to see t!e Buotation displayed in conte6t.
T!e entry n5a 1N not applica%le3 indicates t!at t!e pair of codes does not coAoccur any&!ere in t!e data )aterial .
E6plainin 0reBuency Count And Nu)%er ?f 2uotations Listed

T!e coAoccurrence freBuency does not count sin le Buotations it counts coA occurrence Xe(entsG. 8f a sin le Buotation is coded %y t&o codes+ t!is &ould count as a sin le coAoccurrence. 8n case of o(erlap+ t!us &!en eac! of t!e t&o Buotations is coded %y one of t!e codes+ t!is also counts as a sin le coA occurrence. 8n t!e cell drop do&n list you &ill find %ot! Buotations. T!e drop do&n list &ill display an ordered list of all Buotations for all coAoccurrence e(ents for t!e pair of codes. 8n t!e follo&in an e6a)ple is s!o&n an e6plained.
0i ure 2=2. E6plainin t!e relation %et&een freBuency of coocccurence and nu)%er of Buotations
2/<
2uotation $.2<> and Buotation $.2=# coded &it! Greasons fro n!c. %ein t!ere for ote!rsH and Gefa). donOt !a(e c!ildren cooccur. 2uotation $.2<< codes t!e entire %lo + Buotation $.2=# only a sentence &it!in t!e post 1see fi ure 2># %elo&3. T!us+ t!ere are to& Buotations+ %ut only one coAoccurrences t!at are counted for t!e freBuency count.
Tool%ar
0i ure 2=$. T!e Codes CoAoccurrence Ta%le tool%ar
Cell Colors
Colorin !elps in detectin coAoccurrences. T!e follo&in options are pro(ided. Iou can c!oose a)on t!ree colors for t!e ta%le cells. %lue+ red and reen.
0i ure 2=<. Set colors for ta%le cells
To select a different color+ clic7 on t!e color %utton in t!e tool %ar. All cells s!o&in t!at a coAoccurance e6ist are colored &it! t!e selected color or none at all 1see 0i ure 2;<3. 'ifferent color intensities are used to indicate t!e stren t! of t!e association. T!e !i !er t!e freBuency+ t!e li !ter t!e color.
0i ure 2==. T!ree alternati(e colors and t!eir s!ades
2/=
4assi(e -ie&
8f you @ust &ant to et feelin for potential patters in your data+ try t!e passi(e (ie&+ &!ic! is a detac!ed i)a e t!at only s!o&s colors.
0i ure 2=;. E6a)ple of a passi(e o(er(ie& as an aid to detect pattern
'ata E6port
RT0 12UAL8TAT8-E3 Iou can eit!er e6port a list of t!e coAoccurin codes+ or t!e list includin Buotation 8's and na)es in for) of an rtf file. T!e t!e full content of t!e Buotations cannot %e e6ported as t!is potentially results in (ery lar e outputs. To e6port t!e list of coAoccurin codes+ select C?'ES 5 ?UT4UT 5 C??CCURR8NG C?'ES. Ne6t you are as7ed &!et!er to include t!e Buotation lists 1N 8' plus na)e of t!e Buotation. Ne6t+ select t!e output destination 1Editor+ 0ile+ 4rinter3.
2/;
0i ure 2=7. List of cooccurin codes in rtf for)at
EECEL 12UANT8TAT8-E3 Iou can eit!er e6port t!e freBuency counts of t!e cAcoefficient. 8f t!e cA coefficient is acti(ated+ t!en t!e coefficient is included in t!e output9 if not+ t!e E6cel ta%le s!o&s t!e freBuency of cooccurrence. To create an E6cel ta%le of eit!er t!e freBuency counts of t!e cAcoefficients+ clic7 in t!e E6cel %utton in t!e tool %ar. As output select destination 0ile C Run. Sa(e t!e file and &ait for E6cel 1?pen?ffice Calc3 to %e opened. Confir) t!e con(ersion of t!e data.
Clusterin 2uotations
8f you &ant to count e)%edded Buotations as only one count 1co)pare GE)%eddin ?peratorsG on pa e 2;<3+ select t!e Cluster 2uotations %utton in t!e tool %ar 1see left3.
CACoefficient
8n addition to t!e freBuency count a so called cAcoefficient can %e displayed. Iou can display or !ide it 1see %utton to t!e left3. T!e cAcoefficient indicates
0i ure 2=>. CoAoccurrence Ta%le displayin cAcoefficients
2/7
t!e stren t! of t!e relation %et&een t&o codes si)ilar to a correlation coefficient. T!e calculation of t!e cAcoefficient is %ased on approac!es %orro&ed fro) Buantitati(e content analysis 1see Garcia+ 2##;3. T!us+ interpretin suc! a coefficient is only )eanin ful &it! a siDa%le data set and not for an inter(ie& study &it! 1# respondents. Gi(en t!e possi%ility to &or7 &it! sur(ey data to analyDe openAended Buestions+ it !o&e(er is a (alua%le addition to t!e ot!er )ore Bualitati(e oriented analysis tools t!at ATLAS.ti pro(ides. T!e cAcoefficient s!ould (ary %et&een #. codes do not coAoccur+ and 1. t!ese t&o codes coAoccur &!ere(er t!ey are used. 8t is calculated as follo&s. c .N n1251n1 _ n23 F n12 n12 N coAoccurrence freBuency of t&o codes c1 and c2+ &!ere%y n1 and n2 are t!eir occurrence freBuency :!at you )ay e6perience is t!e follo&in . ?ut of ran e. T!e CAinde6 e6ceeds t!e # A 1 ran e it is supposed to stay &it!. Colored circles. Cells can !a(e additional (isual cues+ e. .+ a red+ yello& or oran e circle. ?UT ?0 RANGE T!e cAinde6 1structurally rese)%lin t!e Tani)oto and WaBuard Coefficient+ &!ic! are si)ilarity )easures3 assu)es separate nonAo(erlappin te6t entities. ?nly t!en can &e e6pect a correct ran e of (alues. *o&e(er+ ATLAS.tiLs Buotations )ay o(erlap to any de ree. ?(erlaps &ould only t!en %ear no pro%le) if t!ere &asnOt any Xcodin redundancyG 1t!e ones you can eli)inate usin t!e Codin AnalyDer+ see pa e $7< for furt!er detail3. LetOs loo7 at a fe& scenarios. Case 1. T&o differently coded Buotations o(erlap+ &e assu)e no )ore Buotations a(aila%le. Let 41 %e a te6tual docu)ent+ B1 and B2 %e Buotations and a+% %e codes. B1 is coded &it! a+ B2 is coded &it! %.
0i ure 2=/. ?ut of ran e e6a)ple 1
Usin t!e for)ula. c .N nPa%51nPa _ nP%3 F nPa%+ &e et. nPa% N 1 one coAoccurrence of a and % nPa N 1+ nP% N 1 a and % eac! code e6actly one Buotation. c N 1511 _ 13 F 1 N 1
2/>
Suc! a scenario results in t!e )a6i)u) coAoccurrence of 1 J Case 2. B1 is coded &it! %ot! codes a and %+ t!e o(erlappin Buotation B2 is coded &it! %.
0i ure 2;#. ?ut of ran e e6a)ple 2
nPa% N 2. B1 alone counts for a coAoccurrence e(ent and t!e o(erlappin B1]B2 for anot!er. nPa N 1+ nP% N 2 c N 2511 _ 23 F 2 N 2JJ T!is results in a (alue of t&ice t!e allo&ed )a6i)u). T!us+ t!e C inde6 is not appropriate to correctly represent coAoccurrence in redundantly o(erlappin te6ts. 8f t!e cAcoefficient e6ceeds 1+ you need to do so)e cleanin up and eli)inate t!e redundant codes. ATLAS.ti currently does not correct suc! redundancies auto)atically. Correctin t!e redundant o(erlaps+ could for e6a)ple loo7 li7e t!is.
0i ure 2;1. ?ut of ran e e6a)ple 2 nor)aliDed
:e et t!ree Buotations. B1O coded &it! a and %+ B1]2 coded &it! a and %+ B2O coded &it! %. nPa% N 2+ nPa N 2+ nP% N $ c N 2512 _ $3 F 2 N 25$ N #.;7 T!e result is &it!in t!e allo&ed ran e and it correctly ta7es into account t!at of t!e t!ree possi%le coAoccurrence e(ents only t&o apply. To detect and correct redundant codin + select T??LS 5 C?'8NGS ANALIVER. See pa e $7<.
C?L?R 8N'8CAT?RS 8n order not to present a )isleadin i)a e+ all cells displayin an outAofAran e nu)%er 1T 13 are colored in yello&.
2//
0i ure 2;2. E6a)ples of yello& and red circle )ar7ers
Circles &it! different colors are painted into a cellOs upper ri !t corner &!en certain conditions apply. Red circle. :!en t!e cAinde6 e6ceeds 1 1see G?ut of ran eG on pa e 2/73. 8n addition to t!e red circle+ t!e entire cell is !i !li !ted in yello&. Iello& circle. An in!erent issue &it! t!e CAinde6 and si)ilar )easures is t!at it is distorted %y code freBuencies t!at differ too )uc!. 8n suc! cases t!e coefficient tends to %e )uc! s)aller t!an t!e potential si nificance of t!e cooccurrence. 0or instance+ if you !ad coded 1## Buotations &it! code KdepressionK and 1# &it! K)ot!erK and you !ad = coAoccurrences. nPdep N 1##+ nP)ot!er N 1#+ nPdepA)ot!er N = c N =511## _ 1#3 A = N =51#= N #.#<> A c inde6 of only #.#<> )ay slip your eye easily+ alt!ou ! code K)ot!erK appears in =#a of all its applications &it! code KdepressionK. Loo7in fro) code KdepressionK only =a cooccurr &it! code K)ot!erK. 8f t!e ratio %et&een t!e codes freBuencies e6ceeds a certain t!res!old 1currently = %ut &ill %e user defina%le in t!e future3 t!e yello& li !t oes on in t!e cell. So &!ene(er a cell s!o&s t!e yello& )ar7er it s!ould in(ite you to loo7 into t!e coAoccurrences of t!is cell despite a lo& cAinde6. :!en t!e )ouse !o(ers o(er a cell &it! a yello& )ar7+ a popAup displays t!e ratio of t!e t&o codes. ?ran e Circle. T!e oran e circle is si)ply a )i6ture of t!e red and yello& conditions.
4reference Settin s
T!e preference settin s allo& you to set t!e colu)n and ro& !eader &idt! and to set t!e code colors as !eader %ac7 round.
$##
0i ure 2;$. Code Cooccurence Ta%le settin s
T!e follo&in ta%le s!o&s !o& you can alternate t!e loo7 of t!e ta%le %y c!an in t!e settin s.
0i ure 2;<. Settin s. No color for ta%le cell9 use code color as !eader %ac7 round
An E6a)ple 2uery
LetLs ta7e a loo7 at t!e codeAcode )atri6 usin t!e *appiness sa)ple pro@ect. A special code fa)ily as %een prepared for t!is e6ercise t!at !elps us to ain an o(er(ie& of t!e responses re ardin t!e Buestion &!y or &!y not !a(in c!ildren (oiced %y parents and nonAparents. T!e fa)ily contains t!e t&o attri%ute codes 1efa). !as c!ildren and efa). no c!ildren3 plus all su% codes of t!e t&o cate ories Greasons for !a(in c!ildrenH and Greasons for not !a(in c!ildrenH. 0irst+ set a fa)ily as filter to reduce t!e list of codes to select fro). 0ro) t!e )ain )enu select. C?'ES 5 08LTER 5 0AM8L8ES. Gfor 2uic7 Tour. Coocurrence E6a)pleH. ?r set t!is fa)ily as lo%al filter in t!e side panel of t!e Code Mana er 1Ctrl_S!ift_Clic73.
$#1
After settin a filter+ all effected fields are s!o&n in a pale yello& color.
0i ure 2;=. Settin a code fa)ily as filter
0ro) t!e )ain )enu select ANALIS8S 5 C?'E C??CCURRENCE TA,LE. Ne6t you need to select &!ic! codes s!ould %e displayed in t!e ro&s and &!ic! ones in t!e colu)ns 1see 0i ure 2</3. Select t!e efa). donOt !a(e c!ildren 5 !a(e c!ildren and t!e %lo entry codes as colu)ns and all ot!er codes as ro&s.
0i ure 2;;. Results of t!e e6a)ple cooccurence Buery
T!e results of t!is analysis !a(e %een (isualiDed in t!e t&o net&or7 (ie& GReasons for !a(in c!ildrenH and GReasons for not !a(in c!ildrenH. See GNet&or7 -ie&sG on pa e $#7 for furt!er detail.
$#2
Application
T!e t&o CoAoccurrence Tools are (ery useful for )any 7inds of analysis. ,ut not all options )a7e sense for all type of data. 8f you !a(e a s)aller data set li7e a typical inter(ie& study &it! 1# to 2# respondents+ t!en ta7in a loo7 at t!e freBuency count for e6ploratory purposes is li7ely to pro(ide so)e ne& ideas and you )ay ain ne& insi !ts. T!e cAcoefficient is useful &!en &or7in &it! lar er a)ounts of cases and structured data li7e openAended Buestions fro) sur(eys. 8f you use t!e cAinde6+ pay attention to t!e additional colored !ints. As your data %ase is Bualitati(e+ t!e cAcoefficient is not t!e sa)e as for instance a 4earson correlation coefficient and t!erefore also no pA(alues are pro(ided. 8n any case+ coAoccurrence )easures need to %e clearly understood+ not only for t!e )ec!anical %ut also for se)antic issues in(ol(ed in t!eir )eanin ful interpretation 1e. .+ )i6ed application of codes &it! different le(el li7e %roader and su% ter)s3. 0urt!er)ore+ you need to %e a&are of t!e artifacts enforced %y a ta%le approac! li7e %ein reduced to a pair&ise co)parison. *i !er order coA occurrences &!ic! &ould ta7e )ore t!an t&o codes into account need )ore ela%orate )et!ods. References. Garcia 12##<3 !ttp.55&&&.)iislita.co)5se)antics5cAinde6A1.!t)l
CodesA4ri)ary 'ocu)ents CrossATa%ulation

E(en t!ou ! a %it !idden+ a furt!er analysis tool &it! an e)p!asis on Buantitati(e output is t!e C?'ESA4R8MARIA'?CUMENTSATA,LE. Iou find t!is option under t!e ANALIS8S )enu and under C?'ES 5 ?UT4UT. T!e ta%le is a(aila%le as internal report &it!in ATLAS.ti in te6t for)at+ or can %e e6ported to E6cel. T!e internal report displays all 4's as colu)ns and t!e codes as ro&s. T!e ta%le contains eit!er a freBuency count for eac! code or code fa)ily per docu)ent or docu)ent fa)ily+ or a &ord count of t!e coded se )ents per code and pri)ary docu)ent. A useful application is a co)parison across different roups of docu)ents for a particular cate ory of codes. T!us+ you are li7ely to create suc! a ta%le if you !a(e a certain researc! Buestion in your )ind. T!is &ill uide you to create t!e code and 4' fa)ilies you need to construct your Buery.
E6a)ple 2uery
,ased on t!e *appiness Sta e 88 pro@ect t!at can %e accessed (ia t!e *elp 5 2uic7 Tour )enu+ &e can co)pare state)ents t!at e6press eit!er a positi(e or ne ati(e effect of parentin across different roups. 0or t!is purpose t&o code
$#$
fa)ilies roupin all codes a%out positi(e and ne ati(e parentin effects !a(e %een created. To open t!e tool+ select ANALIS8S 5 C?'ESA4R8MARI '?CUMENTS TA,LE fro) t!e )ain )enu.
0i ure 2;7. Settin options for t!e CodesA4ri)aryA'ocu)entsATa%le
Select t!ese t&o code fa)ilies GEffects of parentin . positi(eH and GEffects of parentin . ne ati(eH fro) t!e list. Eit!er dou%leAclic7 on t!e ite)s to )o(e t!e) into t!e selection list+ or clic7 on t!e %utton &it! t!e arro&s pointin to t!e ri !t. Select t!e follo&in docu)ents and docu)ent fa)ilies and )o(e t!e) into t!e selection list. 4$. ,el7inOs parentin %lo discussion 4=+ t!e Ne& Ior7 )a aDin %lo discussion sur(ey respondents &it! c!ildren sur(ey respondents &it!out c!ildren sur(ey respondents t!at ans&ered t!e Buestion a%out !appiness &it! eit!er. Gc!ildren %rin !appinessH or Gc!ildren %rin fulfill)entH ?n t!e ri !t !and side of t!e &indo&+ set t!e options as s!o&n in Error. Reference source not found. Count. 2uotation 5 ?rientation. Codes F Ro&s 5 Send report to. E6cel. Clic7 on t!e %utton Create Report. ,efore t!e ta%le opens in E6cel+ you &ill %e as7ed to con(ert t!e e6ported results. Confir) t!e )essa e.

0i ure 2;>. 0or)atted E6cel output of a codesApri)aryAdocu)entsAta%le
$#<
Across all roups+ &e find )ore ne ati(e t!an positi(e state)ents.
?utput ?ptions
Iou can set t!e follo&in output options. To include t!e calculation of t!e ro& and colu)n totals. To include !eader infor)ation t!at pro(ides infor)ation &!en t!e ta%le &as created+ %y &!o) 1currently lo ed in user3+ and &!ic! ite)s &!ere selected. T!e ta%le cells can eit!er s!o& t!e Buotation count or &ord count per code or code fa)ily. Iou can decide &!et!er t!e codes s!ould appear in t!e ro&s or in t!e colu)ns of t!e ta%le. T!e report can %e displayed in a si)ple te6t editor or in E6cel. T!e te6t editor is only suita%le for s)all ta%les. T!e :e% ,ro&ser option is not yet a(aila%le in -ersion 7.#.
Calculatin 8nterACoder Relia%ility Usin CAT

So)e pro ra)s offer rudi)entary for)s of interAcoder relia%ility calculation as an internal tool+ %ut &e !a(e found CAT+ a free e6ternal tool+ to %e an e6cellent addition to ATLAS.ti. ,ein t!at it is free+ (ery easy to use+ closely inte rated &it! t!e ATLAS.ti data for)at and sports po&erful functionality+ &e rely on it as a useful addAon rat!er t!an rein(ent t!e &!eel. T!e Codin Analysis Tool7it is a &e% %ased addAon tool to ATLAS.ti t!at allo&s you to calculate interAcoder relia%ility for ATLAS.ti coded data. Iou can access t!e tool (ia t!e follo&in &e% site. !ttp.55cat.ucsur.pitt.edu5. To use t!e tool+ you need to re ister and create a user account. 4ri(acy issues are e6plained on t!e &e%site. 8f you donOt &ant to use CAT (ia t!eir official &e%site+ you can !ost your o&n (ersion of CAT fro) t!e pro@ect source code. CAT offers t!e follo&in analysis options to co)pare t!e codin of t&o coders.
$#=
0i ure 2;/. CAT. Analysis options
T!e standard co)parison allo&s you to eit!er calculate a Rappa (alue or RrippendorffOs alp!a. T!e CodeA%yACode co)parison s!o&s you t!e data content and t!us offers a Bualitati(e )eans of co)parin coded data %y coders. T!e t!ird options allo&s a co)parison %ased on fa)ilies.
Standard Co)parison
?nce t!e data is uploaded t!e tool for t!e standard co)parison loo7s as follo&s.
0i ure 27#. CAT co)parison tool for calculatin interAcoder relia%ility
,elo& you see an e6cerpt of a co)parison results. T!e results s!o& a perfect )atc! as t&o identical *Us only differin %y aut!or &ere )er ed.
$#;
0i ure 271. Result of an interAcoder co)parison
-alidation
8n a less t!an perfect &orld+ t!e coders &ill pro%a%ly not a ree one !undred percent. T!erefore CAT offers a (alidation function &!ere t!e coders in(ol(ed can loo7 at eac! coded se )ents+ or only at t!ose se )ents &!ere t!e a ree)ent &as unsatisfactory. T!is &ay+ coders can discuss t!e results and co)e to a %etter co))on understandin of &!at a a particular code )eans
0i ure 272. -alidation process. C!ec7in for differences
and !o& it s!ould %e applied.
0urt!er Resources
Iou find detailed tutorials on t!e CAT &e%site. 2uic7 start uide. !ttp.55cat.ucsur.pitt.edu5CATPBuic7startPfinal.pdf 8nstructions for preparin ATLAS.ti data for upload. !ttp.55cat.ucsur.pitt.edu5upload8nstructions.asp6 -ideo tutorial for preparin ATLAS.ti for upload. !ttp.55&&&.screencast.co)5users5stustu125folders5'efault5)edia5ffea=d= <A2<>7A<=$=A/f7/A71<21/1#ec1<
$#7
Net&or7 -ie&s
T!e &ord Knet&or7K is an u%iBuitous and po&erful )etap!or found in )any different fields of researc! and application. 0lo& c!arts in pro@ect plannin + te6t rap!s in !yperte6t syste)s+ co niti(e )odels of )e)ory and 7no&led e representation 1se)antic net&or7s3 are all net&or7s t!at ser(e to represent co)ple6 infor)ation %y intuiti(ely accessi%le rap!ic )eans. ?ne of t!e )ost attracti(e properties of rap!s is t!eir intuiti(e rap!ical presentation+ )ostly in for) of t&oAdi)ensional layouts of la%eled nodes and lin7s.
0i ure 27$. E6a)ple of an ATLAS.ti net&or7 (ie&
8n contrast &it! linear+ seBuential representations 1e. .+ te6t3+ presentations of 7no&led e in net&or7s rese)%le )ore closely t!e &ay !u)an )e)ory and t!ou !t is structured. Co niti(e KloadK in !andlin co)ple6 relations!ips is reduced &it! t!e aid of spatial representation tec!niBues. ATLAS.ti uses net&or7s to !elp represent and e6plore conceptual structures. Net&or7s add a !euristic Kri !t %rainK approac! to Bualitati(e analysis.
Net&or7s are )ore t!an @ust rap!icsJ
Alon &it! usin net&or7s for K)ind )appin K and t!e (isual desi n of t!eoretical )odels+ you can e6ploit t!e structural properties of codeAnet&or7s to en!ance t!e retrie(al of Buotations. Usin net&or7s for retrie(al purposes is a &ell 7no&n tec!niBue in infor)ation retrie(al. 8n t!at do)ain+ a structured sets of 7ey&ords is usually referred to as a t!esaurus. T!is usa e of net&or7s for se)antic retrie(al &ill %e descri%ed at GSe)antic ?peratorsH on pa e 2;2 in )ore detail.
Nodes And Lin7s

T!e ter) Gnet&or7H is for)ally defined &it!in rap! t!eory+ a %ranc! of discrete )at!e)atics. A net&or7 is defined as a set of nodes 1or K(erticesK3
$#>
and lin7s. A node in a net&or7 )ay %e lin7ed to an ar%itrary nu)%er of ot!er nodes. T!e nu)%er of lin7s for any one node is called its de ree9 e. .+ a node &it! a de ree of Dero is not lin7ed at all. Anot!er si)ple for)al property of a net&or7 is its order. t!e nu)%er of its nodes. Iou )ay )a7e practical use of t!e de ree of nodes %y usin it as a sortin criterion in t!e codes list &indo&. T!e colu)n \'ensityL in t!e Code Mana er represents t!e de ree of a code.
'irected And NonA'irected Lin7s

Lin7s are usually dra&n as lines %et&een t!e connected nodes in rap!ical presentations of net&or7s. 0urt!er)ore+ a lin7 %et&een t&o nodes )ay %e directed or not. A directed connection is dra&n &it! an arro&. :it! directed lin7s+ source and tar et nodes )ust %e distin uis!ed. T!e source node is &!ere t!e lin7 starts and t!e tar et node is &!ere it ends. t!e destination to &!ic! t!e arro& points. T!e ter)s connection and lin7 are synony)ous.
0i ure 27<. E6a)ples of directed and nonAdirected lin7s
Lin7s are created eit!er i)plicitly 1e. .+ &!en codin a Buotation+ t!e Buotation is Klin7edK to a code3+ or e6plicitly %y t!e user. T!e latter option is descri%ed in detail in t!is c!apter. Strictly spea7in + codeABuotation associations 1Gcodin sH3 also for) a net&or7.
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0i ure 27=. CodeABuotations lin7s
,ut you cannot na)e t!ese lin7s+ t!e code is si)ply associated &it! a Buotation t!rou ! t!e act of codin . 8n a net&or7 (ie& you can (isualiDe t!ese lin7s. 8n ATLAS.ti all unna)ed lin7s are referred to as &ea7 lin7s+ all na)ed lin7s are referred to as stron lin7s.
Stron And :ea7 Lin7s

Stron lin7s F or Gfirst classH lin7s F are lin7s %ased on relations. Stron lin7s are entities %y t!e)sel(es+ &it! na)es+ aut!ors+ co))ents+ and ot!er properties. A stron lin7 is only a lin7 %et&een a code and anot!er code or a Buote and anot!er Buote. :ea7 lin7s are lin7s t!at do not !a(e indi(idual properties+ e. .+ t!e lin7s %et&een Buotations and codes+ %et&een codes and )e)os+ %et&een a fa)ily and its )e)%ers.
Net&or7 -s. Net&or7 -ie&

T!e difference %et&een a \Net&or7L and a \Net&or7 -ie&L is an i)portant distinction t!at is necessary to understand t!e &ay net&or7s are !andled &it!in ATLAS.ti. An ATLAS.ti net&or7 is t!e set of all o%@ects and t!eir lin7s inside t!e *er)eneutic Unit 1*U3. 8t e6ists independently of any displayAoriented c!aracteristics 1layout+ color+ line &idt!+ etc.3. 8t is t!e lo ical structure of t!e *UOs o%@ects. 8t e6ists e(en %efore t!e first Net&or7 -ie& is created.
Net&or7 -ie& N lo ical structure _ (isual layout
A Net&or7 -ie& is typically only a su%set of t!is lo%al structure of nodes and lin7s co)%ined &it! an indi(idual layout of nodes. 8t is li7e (ie&in t!e sa)e t!in + i. e.+ t!e net&or7+ fro) different an les and &it! different pieces (isi%le.
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Node Types
T!e user can )anipulate and display al)ost all o%@ects &it!in t!e *U as nodes in a net&or7 (ie&. Buotations+ codes+ code fa)ilies+ )e)os+ )e)o fa)ilies+ ot!er net&or7 (ie&s+ pri)ary docu)ents 14's3+ and 4' fa)ilies. T!e follo&in discussion applies to all nodes re ardless of t!eir type. See GNode TypesH on pa e $1$ furt!er details.
Relations
ATLAS.ti allo&s you to esta%lis! na)ed lin7s to )ore clearly e6press t!e nature of t!e relations!ips %et&een concepts. :it! na)ed lin7s+ you )ay e6press a sentence li7e Ka %ro7en le causes painK %y t&o nodes 1t!e source node K%ro7en le K and t!e tar et node KpainK3 connected &it! a na)ed lin7 1KcausesK or KisAcauseAofK3.
A default set of relations is pro(ided. Iou )ay define your o&n.
T!e na)e of a lin7 is displayed in t!e Net&or7 Editor as a la%el attac!ed to t!e lin7 )id&ay %et&een t!e t&o connected nodes. Si6 preAset relations A or lin7 types A are a(aila%le in ATLAS.ti. T!ese standard relations can %e su%stituted+ )odified+ or supple)ented %y userAdefined relations. T!e default relations are listed in t!e ta%le %elo&. C1 and C2 are source and tar et nodes+ respecti(ely.
Relation
Label /
Label 0
,idth
1olor
*ormal Attribute
Layout Direction
C1 isAassociatedA&it! C2 C1 isApartAof C2 C1 isAcauseAof C2 C1 contradicts C2 C1 isAa C2 C1 nona)e C2 C1 isApropertyAof C2
NN Z[ NT ST 8sa ]g
R G N A # 4
1 1 1 1 2 1 1
,lac7 ,lac7 ,lac7 ,lac7 ,lac7 ,lac7 ,lac7
Sy))etric Transiti(e Transiti(e Sy))etric Transiti(e Sy))etric Asy))etric
So)e of t!ese c!aracteristics directly affect t!e display of lin7s+ &!ile ot!ers affect processin 1e. .+ searc! routines+ auto)atic layout3. A lin7 %et&een concepts is displayed in a Net&or7 Editor %y a line &it! t!e relationLs la%el. Iou can c!oose fro) t!ree different la%els 1la%el 1+ la%el 2 and t!e na)e used for t!e )enu &!en selectin a relation3. T!e Gfor)al attri%uteH affects %ot! t!e display and processin capa%ilities of a relation. 0or e6a)ple. All asy))etric relations are sy)%oliDed in t!e Net&or7 Editor &it! an arro& pointin to&ard t!e tar et code. Sy))etric relations are displayed &it! an arro& at %ot! ends. A typical transiti(e relation is t!e isAcauseAof relation. if C1 isAcauseAof C2 and C2 isAcauseAof C$+ it follo&s t!at C1 isAcauseAof C$. Transiti(e relations also ena%le t!e Kse)antic retrie(alK 1see GSe)antic ?peratorsH on pa e 2;2.
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T!e follo&in properties are userAdefina%le. t!e t&o la%els and t!e )enu te6t+ &!ic! can %e used as alternati(e display options+ t!e &idt! and color of t!e line lin7in t&o nodes+ &!et!er a lin7 is directed or nonAdirected+ and t!e preferred layout direction. T!e preferred layout direction affects t!e layout of a net&or7 &!en ATLAS.ti auto)atically arran es t!e nodes. See GLayout 4roceduresH on pa e $$7.
Lin7 -s. Relation

Relations are li7e KstylesK in a &ord processor. C!an in t!e style &ill c!an e all occurrences of its usa e+ in t!is case. t!e lin7s
8t is i)portant to understand t!e difference %et&een a relation 1or a lin7 type3 and t!e lin7 itself. T!ere is only one Kis part ofK relation+ %ut potentially )any lin7s usin it. 8n t!e Net&or7 -ie& %elo&+ t!e relation KconseBuenceK is used only once+ &!ile t!e relation Gstrate yH is used four ti)es. Anot!er &ay to t!in7 of lin7s and relations is to (ie& lin7s as instances of relations. Lin7s are &ell infor)ed a%out t!e c!aracteristics of relations+ &!ic! define t!eir styles. 8f a c!aracteristic of a relation is c!an ed 1e. .+ line &idt!+ color+ sy)%ol3+ t!ese c!an es are propa ated to all lin7s usin it.
0i ure 27;. 0our lin7s usin t&o relations+ Gstrate yH and GconseBuenceH
T!e Role ?f Relations

8t is useful to understand t!e role t!at relations play in t!e construction of a t!eory. T!e concepts 1codes3 t!at are lin7ed usin relations represent aspects of t!e pro%le) do)ain under in(esti ation. ?n t!e ot!er !and+ t!e relations used to lin7 t!ese do)ain concepts are part of t!e )et!odolo y used to analyDe t!e p!eno)ena. As i)portant episte)olo ical tools t!ey constitute t!e )ain Buestions t!at uide t!e de(elop)ent of a )odel or a t!eory.
'efine your o&n Gepiste)olo ical pri)iti(es.H
T!e KGrounded T!eoryK )et!od of Glaser C Strauss uses relations li7e KisA p!eno)enon+ KisAconte6tAof+H KisAconseBuenceAof+H KisAconditionAfor+H KisA strate yAfor+K etc.+ to relate concepts found durin t!e dataAoriented open codin p!ase. 8n t!e analysis of ar u)entation structures+ ot!er relations are )ore suita%le. e. .+ Kis e(idence of+H Kis contradictory to+H K&arrants+K etc. A )edical e6pert
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atte)ptin to capture dia nostic 7no&led e &ould use+ e. .+ KisAsy)pto)A of+H and Kis )edication for.H
T!e Net&or7 Editor

T!e Net&or7 Editor lets you (isually connect codes and ot!er o%@ects to create se)antic net&or7s or !yperte6t &e%s.
T!e Net&or7 Editor offers an intuiti(e and po&erful )et!od to create and )anipulate net&or7 structures. 8t fa(ors a direct )anipulation tec!niBue. Iou can literally K ra%K codes+ Buotations+ )e)os+ or ot!er o%@ects usin your cursor and )o(e t!e) around t!e screen as &ell as dra& and cut lin7s %et&een t!e). T!e follo&in descri%es (arious )et!ods a(aila%le for creatin and editin Net&or7 -ie&s.
Net&or7 -ie& C!aracteristics

Net&or7 -ie&s !a(e certain i)portant c!aracteristics. Se(eral different Net&or7 -ie&s on t!e sa)e net&or7 are possi%le. Net&or7 -ie&s can %e i(en na)es under &!ic! t!ey are stored and accessed inside t!e *U. Net&or7 -ie&s can %e co))ented. Net&or7 -ie&s are displayed and edited in t!e Net&or7 Editor. Net&or7 -ie&s allo& indi(idual layout of t!e nodes. As a node+ a sin le o%@ect can %e a )e)%er of any nu)%er of Net&or7 -ie&s+ @ust li7e a code can %e an ele)ent of )ore t!an one code fa)ily. An o%@ect+ e. .+ a specific code+ can only appear once in any Net&or7 -ie&. Net&or7 -ie&s allo& for a fle6i%le %ut lo ically consistent display of t!e net&or7 of o%@ects+ so t!ere are a fe& constraints to 7eep in )ind. 8f code A is lin7ed to code , usin t!e relation Gis associated &it!H+ t!en e(ery Net&or7 -ie& t!at contains code A and code , &ill necessarily include t!e relationGis associated &it!H %et&een t!e t&o. 0urt!er)ore+ as only one lin7 can e6ist %et&een any t&o nodes at any i(en ti)e+ no Net&or7 -ie& &ill display any ot!er relation %et&een t!ose t&o nodes. 8f !o&e(er+ you &ant to lin7 code A and , differently in a different net&or7 (ie&+ t!en you need to &or7 &it! Gdu))y or )odifier codesH. T!ese are e)pty codes+ i. e. you !a(e not used t!e) for codin + %ut you need t!e) to )odify a relation.
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0i ure 277. Usin )odifier codes for caseA%ased net&or7 (ie&s
Node Types
T!e follo&in o%@ect classes can %e displayed and edited as nodes &it!in t!e Net&or7 Editor. T!e display c!aracteristics of t!e nodes can %e altered in a (ariety of &ays.
Codes As Nodes
Codes are pro%a%ly t!e )ost pro)inent o%@ects in ATLAS.ti net&or7s. T!ey pro(ide t!e )ain in redients for )odels and t!eories.
Me)os As Nodes
Me)os in net&or7s are often an i)portant supple)ent to code net&or7s. Se(eral t!eoretical )e)os can %e i)ported into a net&or7 to )ap out t!eir relations!ip. T!e (isual layout pro(ides co)forta%le territory for )o(in fro) )e)o to )e)o to read and conte)plate eac! indi(idually and t!e relations!ip1s3 %et&een t!e). :!en dra in a piece of te6t fro) a Kdra Aena%ledK application 1li7e MS :ordc3 into a Net&or7 Editor+ t!e te6t %eco)es a )e)o &it! an auto)atically assi ned title. T!e title can %e rena)ed later.
4ri)ary 'ocu)ents As Nodes

4's as nodes are useful so)eti)es+ %ut in t!e presence of Buotations )ay clutter t!e (ie& %y )yriad lin7s. *o&e(er+ 4's as nodes )a7e a nice rap!ical content ta%le for rap!ical pri)ary docu)ents. :!en selectin t!e option '8S4LAI50ULL 8MAGE 0?R 4'S+ Kt!u)%nailK i)a es of t!e 4's are displayed. T!is option only affects rap!ical 4ds. :indo&s E6plorer are used as standard icons for 4' nodes 1indicatin t!e file of t!e docu)ent3.
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0i ure 27>. e6a)pels of 4' node icons
2uotations As Nodes
2uotations and codes !a(e one t!in in co))on t!at is not true for t!e ot!er o%@ects. T!ey can lin7 to eac! ot!er 1Buotations to Buotations and code to codes3 &it! fully Bualified Kfirst classK lin7s usin relations. T!e inclusion of Buotations in a Net&or7 -ie& supports t!e construction and inspection of !yperlin7 structures.
0i ure 27/. 'isplay of Buotations %ased on its )edia for)at
Te6tual Buotations can %e included in a Net&or7 -ie& %y si)ply dra piece of te6t fro) t!e 4'.
in a
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0a)ilies As Nodes
0a)ilies are a useful de(ice to roup codes+ )e)os+ or 4's t!at %elon to one concept. 8nstead of displayin all of t!e codes %elon in to t!e concept+ t!e Code 0a)ily )ay %e displayed.
0i ure 2>#. 0a)ilies as nodes
T!e lin7s %et&een fa)ilies and t!eir )e)%ers are depicted %y a dotted red line.
Net&or7 -ie&s As Nodes

T!e node icon and la%el for net&or7 (ie&s.
0i ure 2>1. Net&or7 (ie& as node
Net&or7 -ie&s as nodes allo& t!e inclusion of Net&or7 -ie&s in ot!er Net&or7 -ie&s. T!e Net&or7 -ie&Ls conte6t )enu offers t!e option to open t!e -ie& in a separate Net&or7 Editor. T!is is also a(aila%le (ia dou%leAclic7 &it! Ctrl pressed.
,asic Net&or7 -ie& 4rocedures

Creatin Net&or7 -ie&s
T&o )et!ods for creatin Net&or7 -ie&s are a(aila%le. T!e first one creates an e)pty Net&or7 -ie& into &!ic! o%@ects are i)ported in seBuential steps. T!e ot!er )et!od creates a Net&or7 -ie& fro) a selected o%@ect and its nei !%ors.
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T? CREATE A NE: NET:?RR -8E: Select NET:?RRS 5 NE: NET:?RR -8E: fro) t!e *U editorOs )ain )enu or fro) t!e drop do&n list offered %y t!e Net&or7 %utton in t!e )ain tool%ar. Enter a na)e for t!e ne& Net&or7 -ie&. A Net&or7 Editor opens. 8)port nodes &it! any of t!e )et!ods descri%ed in t!e section G NodesG %elo&. T? ?4EN A NET:?RR -8E: ?N AN ?,WECT A Net&or7 -ie& for an o%@ect is created &it! a selected o%@ect and its nei !%ors. 4roceed as follo&s. ?pen an ?%@ect Mana er 1e. .+ t!e Code Mana er3+ or t!e *U E6plorer+ or ri ! clic7 on an o%@ect in t!e )ar in area. Select one or )ore o%@ects &it! a left )ouse clic7. 8n ?%@ect Mana ers+ you can clic7 t!e net&or7 %utton. 0or an o%@ect selected in t!e *U E6plorer+ select ?4EN NET:?RR -8E: fro) t!e conte6t )enu A Net&or7 Editor opens &it! t!e selected o%@ect and its nei !%ors. 8f )ultiple o%@ects are selected+ t!eir nei !%ors are not auto)atically included in t!e net&or7 (ie&. Iou can i)port t!eir nei !%ors in a su%seBuent step. T!e nodes are initially placed usin t!e se)antic layout procedure+ %ut can %e rearran ed )anually. More nodes can %e added to t!is Net&or7 -ie& usin different tec!niBues 1see G NodesH on pa e $1; for details3. Eac! ti)e a net&or7 is opened on a selected o%@ect+ a ne& Net&or7 -ie& is created. T!ere is no need to sa(e it+ as you can easily display it at any ti)e follo&in t!e steps a%o(e. 8f you rearran e t!e nodes and &ant to preser(e t!e ne& layout+ or if you add or re)o(e nodes+ t!en you need to sa(e it e6plicitly 1NET:?RR 5 SA-E AS3. Sa(ed Net&or7 -ie&s can %e selected fro) t!e pic7 list or t!e Net&or7 -ie& Mana er.
Addin Nodes To A Net&or7 -ie&

T!ere are se(eral options a(aila%le for includin o%@ects in a Net&or7 -ie&. -8A 'RAG C 'R?4 0ro) ?%@ect Mana ers+ t!e *U E6plorer or t!e )ar in area. Iou can add nodes %y dra in o%@ects fro) ?%@ect Mana ers+ t!e Net&or7 -ie& Mana er+ t!e 0a)ily Mana er+ t!e )ar in+ or t!e *U E6plorer into t!e Net&or7 Editor.
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'ra C drop i(es you %etter control of t!e initial position of t!e i)ported nodes. ?pen t!e Net&or7 -ie& to &!ic! you &ant ne& o%@ects i)ported. ?pen t!e )ana er1s3 for o%@ects 1code list+ )e)o list+ etc.3 t!at you &ant to i)port into a Net&or7 -ie&. Select t!e node1s3 you &ant to i)port into t!e Net&or7 -ie&. 'ra t!e selected o%@ects into t!e Net&or7 Editor. 'ra selections of a pri)ary te6t. T!is )et!od creates nodes fro) te6tual Buotations or ne& selections of te6t. ?pen t!e 4' t!at contains t!e te6t t!at you &ant to i)port into a Net&or7 -ie&. Ma7e a selection &it!in t!e 4' or select an e6istin Buotation. 'ra t!e selected te6t into t!e Net&or7 Editor. Release t!e )ouse %utton at t!e position you &ant t!e ne& node to %e placed. 8f t!e selection &as not already a Buotation+ a ne& Buotation is created and t!e Buotation node is displayed. 'ra te6t fro) ot!er ATLAS.ti editors or ot!er applications. T!is )et!od allo&s you to dra te6t fro) dra C dropAco)pliant applications li7e an ATLAS.ti co))ent field or :ordc into a Net&or7 -ie& Editor. Suc! te6t is con(erted into a ne& )e)o and displayed as a node. ?pen t!e application fro) &!ic! you &ant to dra selections of te6t into a Net&or7 -ie& Editor. Mar7 t!e piece of te6t &it!in t!e 1ot!er3 application. Mo(e t!e )ouse pointer o(er t!e selected te6t. T!e pointer c!an es its appearance. *old do&n t!e left )ouse %utton and dra t!e selected te6t into t!e Net&or7 -ie& Editor. Release t!e )ouse %utton at t!e position you &ant t!e ne& node to %e placed &it! its upper left corner. A ne& )e)o node is created and displayed. -8A T*E 8M4?RT N?'ES '8AL?G T!e 8)port Nodes &indo& offers access to all a(aila%le node types. T!e list pane offers a conte6t )enu to select or deselect all displayed o%@ects. C!oose N?'ES 5 8M4?RT N?'ES fro) t!e Net&or7 EditorOs )enu. A &indo& opens+ offerin o%@ects to %e i)ported. ?nly o%@ects t!at are not already )e)%ers of t!e present (ie& are listed. 0irst+ select t!e type of node you &ant listed in t!e list pane fro) t!e nodeA type dropAdo&n list.
Te6t dra ed fro) an editor or ot!er applications %eco)es a )e)o. Te6t dra ed fro) t!e 4' pane %eco)es a Buotation.
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0i ure 2>2. 8)port nodes &indo&
Select t!e o%@ects to %e i)ported into t!e Net&or7 -ie&. Clic7 8)port. T!e i)ported o%@ects are placed alon t!e upper left corner of t!e Net&or7 Editor. Iou can eit!er distri%ute t!e) )anually %y )o(in eac! node &it! t!e )ouse+ or you can place t!e) auto)atically %y 1)isA3usin t!e option LAI?UT 5 SEMANT8C LAI?UT.
Selectin Nodes And Lin7s

Selectin nodes is an i)portant first step for all su%seBuent operations tar eted at indi(idual o%@ects &it!in a Net&or7 -ie&. Suc! operations !a(e t!eir correspondin )enu co))ands in t!e )ain )enu of t!e Net&or7 Editor. T? SELECT A S8NGLE N?'E Mo(e t!e )ouse pointer o(er t!e node and left clic7. All pre(iously selected nodes are deselected. T? SELECT MULT84LE N?'ES A MET*?' 1 *old do&n t!e CTRL 7ey on your 7ey%oard. Select a node as descri%ed a%o(e. Repeat steps 1 and 2 for e(ery node to %e selected. T? SELECT MULT84LE N?'ES A MET*?' 2 1KMAR2UEE SELECT8?NK3. T!is )et!od is (ery efficient if t!e nodes to %e selected fit into an i)a inary rectan le. Mo(e t!e )ouse pointer a%o(e and left to one of t!e nodes to %e selected. *old do&n t!e left )ouse %utton and dra t!e )ouse pointer do&n and ri !t to co(er all nodes to %e selected &it! t!e selection )arBuee.
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Release t!e )ouse %utton.
Lin7in Nodes
T!e lin7s %et&een nodes in a net&or7 are real connections %et&een t!e o%@ects. T!erefore+ creatin and re)o(in lin7s s!ould not %e re arded as solely Kcos)eticK operations. Lin7s )a7e per)anent c!an es to t!e *U. T!ere are se(eral &ays to lin7 nodes. L8NR8NG -8A 'RAG C 'R?4 Select a node. A red dot appears on t!e top left corner of t!e node. Clic7 on t!e red dot &it! &it! t!e left )ouse %utton and dra t!e )ouse pointer to t!e node t!at you &ant to lin7.
0i ure 2>$. Lin7in nodes
Release t!e left )ouse %utton on top of t!e node. 8f you lin7 codes to codes or Buotations to Buotations+ a list of relation opens consistin of t!e default relations plus t!e relations of t!e currently open pro@ects.
0i ure 2><. List of standard relations
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0i ure 2>=. Selectin a relation to lin7 t&o code nodes
Select one of t!ese relations. No& t!e t&o nodes are lin7ed.
0i ure 2>;. T&o lin7ed code nodes
T!e t&o nodes are no& lin7ed to eac! ot!er. 8n case of a firstAclass lin7 %et&een t&o codes or %et&een t&o Buotations+ t!e relation na)e is displayed eit!er &it!in t!e lin7 line+ a%o(e t!e line 1rotated3 or &it!in a %o6. To set t!e display options+ select '8S4LAI 5 L8NR '8S4LAI fro) t!e Net&or7 EditorOs )enu.
0i ure 2>7. Lin7 'isplay options
T? L8NR T:? N?'ES US8NG T*E T??L,AR 8C?N Select a node in a net&or7 (ie& and clic7 on t!e Lin7 %utton in t!e tool%ar 1see left3.
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A %lac7 line appears. Mo(e t!e end on top of anot!er node and left clic7. 8f you lin7 t&o codes to eac! ot!er or t&o Buotations+ t!en a list of relations pops up. Select one of t!e offered relations (ia a left clic7.
T? L8NR T:? N?'ES US8NG M?USE AN' REI,?AR'

A Buic7 &ay to lin7 t&o nodes.
4lace t!e )ouse pointer o(er t!e source node. *old do&n t!e S*80T 7ey on your 7ey%oard. *old do&n t!e left )ouse %utton and dra t!e )ouse pointer to t!e tar et node. Release t!e left )ouse %utton and t!e S*80T 7ey. Select a relation 1applies to codeAcode and BuoteABuote lin7s only3. T? L8NR M?RE T*AN T:? N?'ES 8f )ore t!an one source node is to %e lin7ed &it! a tar et node+ use t!e follo&in )et!od. Select t!e source nodes 1seeH To select )ultiple nodes A )et!od 1G on pa e $1>3. C!oose L8NRS 5 L8NR N?'ES fro) t!e Net&or7 EditorOs )ain )enu+ or clic7 on t!e Lin7 %utton in t!e tool%ar. Mo(e t!e )ouse pointer &it! t!e %lac7 lines to t!e tar et node and clic7 t!e left )ouse %utton. 8n case of codeAcode and BuotationABuotations lin7s+ you are pro)pted to select a co))on relation t!at applies to all lin7s. Iou can )odify t!e relations later+ if needed. T? L8NR C?'E N?'ES US8NG T*E L8ST MET*?' ,esides usin t!e Net&or7 Editor for creatin lin7s %et&een codes+ you can also use t!e KC?'ES 5 L8NR C?'E T?K option a(aila%le fro) t!e )ain )enu or t!e code conte6t )enu. Select t!e tar et code 1i.e.+ t!e eneral+ %roader concept3 in t!e Code Mana er. Select C?'ES 5 L8NR C?'E T?. 5 C?'ES fro) t!e )ain )enu. Select t!e source code1s3 fro) t!e )ultipleAc!oice list. Select a relation t!at lin7s t!e selected codes &it! t!e tar et code. 8f needed+ t!e relation can %e )odified. An i))ediate effect of lin7in can %e noticed &!en t!e Code Mana er is open. t!e \densityL counter for all lin7ed codes is updated. As a re)inder+ 'ensity counts all direct lin7s to ot!er codes. 0or instance+ if si6 source codes are lin7ed to one tar et code+ t!e tar et code is incre)ented %y ;9 eac! source code is incre)ented %y one.
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Usin C?'ES 5 L8NR C?'E T?. 0ro) t!e *U EditorLs )ain )enu+ )e)os and Buotations )ay also %e lin7ed to codes. Me)os can also %e lin7ed to ot!er )e)os+ Buotations+ or codes (ia t!e )enu option MEM? 5 L8NR MEM? T?. *o&e(er+ no specific relation can %e selected to lin7 )e)os to ot!er o%@ects.
T? CREATE C?'EAC?'E AN' 2U?TAT8?NA2U?TAT8?N L8NRS US8NG T*E ?,WECT MANAGER Codes and Buotations can also %e lin7ed in t!e Code 5 2uotation Mana er (ia dra C drop. 8dentify t!e tar et ite) in t!e ?%@ect Mana erLs list pane. Select one or )ore source ite)s in t!e ?%@ect Mana erLs list pane and dra t!e) to t!e tar et ite) in t!e sa)e pane. Select a relation fro) t!e list of relations.
0i ure 2>>. Creatin a CodeACode lin7 in t!e Code Mana er
T!is option is only a(aila%le for codes and Buotations in t!e Code and 2uotation Mana ers.
Selectin A Lin7
?nly Gfirst classH lin7s can %e selected. 0irst class or Gstron H lin7s can only e6ist %et&een Buotations or %et&een codes. Selectin lin7s is si)ilar to selectin nodes. Mo(e t!e )ouse pointer onto t!e la%el of t!e lin7 to %e selected. T!e )ouse pointer c!an es its appearance. Clic7 t!e left )ouse %utton.
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T!e selected lin7 la%el &ill %e displayed in(erted. All pre(iously selected nodes5lin7s are deselected. Selectin lin7s is a con(enient &ay to cut or flip )ultiple lin7s 1see GCuttin Lin7sH on pa e $2$3.
'eselectin Nodes And Lin7s

To deselect a selected node or lin7. *old do&n t!e CTRL 7ey on your 7ey%oard. Clic7 on a selected node or lin7. To deselect all nodes and lin7s. Mo(e t!e )ouse cursor o(er t!e Net&or7 EditorOs %ac7 round. 'ou%leAclic7 t!e left )ouse %utton.
Cuttin Lin7s
Se(eral approac!es to disconnectin pre(iously lin7ed nodes are a(aila%le. T!e first )et!od &or7s for all types of lin7s and is useful &!en )any nodes lin7ed to one ot!er node are to %e disconnected. Select one or )ore nodes &!ose connections to anot!er node are to %e re)o(ed. C!oose L8NRS 5 CUT L8NRS fro) t!e Net&or7 EditorOs )enu or clic7 on t!e Cut Lin7s %utton in t!e tool%ar. Mo(e t!e )ouse pointer &it! t!e Kru%%er %andsK to t!e tar et node. Clic7 t!e left )ouse %utton Alternati(ely. Clic7 on one or )ore lin7 la%els. C!oose L8NRS 5 CUT L8NRS fro) t!e Net&or7 EditorOs )enu or clic7 on t!e Cut Lin7s %utton in t!e tool%ar. ?r. Mo(e t!e )ouse pointer o(er a lin7 la%el. Ri !t clic7 and c!oose CUT L8NR fro) t!e conte6t )enu. T!e latter t&o )et!ods &or7 on Kfirst classK lin7s only. codeAcode or BuoteA Buote 1K!yperK3 lin7s.
Modifyin Lin7s
T!e type of a lin7 1e. .+ its Relation3 can %e c!an ed in t!e Net&or7 Editor. Ri !t clic7 on a lin7 la%el and select C*ANGE RELAT8?N fro) t!e conte6t )enu. T!e relation )enu pops up. Select a different relation.
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A (ery efficient &ay to )anipulate first class lin7s is offered %y t!e Lin7 Mana ers 1see GLin7 Mana e)entH on pa e $<#3.
Selectin Nei !%ors

Nei !%ors are t!e nodes lin7ed directly to a node. Usin t!is procedure repeatedly selects a co)plete Gconnected rap!H+ &!ic! is a partial Net&or7 -ie& &!ere e(ery node !as a pat! 1eit!er a direct lin7 or (ia inter)ediate nodes3 to eac! ot!er node. To select nei !%or nodes. Select t!e initial nodes. C!oose N?'ES 5 SELECT NE8G*,?RS fro) t!e Net&or7 EditorOs )enu+ or press CTRLAN on t!e 7ey%oard. To )ar7 a co)plete connected su%Anet&or7+ repeat t!e pre(ious step until all nodes &it!in t!e partial Net&or7 -ie& are !i !li !ted.
Selectin ?r 'eselectin All Nodes

To select all nodes or deselect all selected nodes+ select N?'ES 5 'EASELECT ALL N?'ES fro) t!e Net&or7 EditorLs )ain )enu or press CtrlAA on t!e 7ey%oard. 8N-ERT8NG T*E CURRENT SELECT8?N To in(ert t!e current selection+ press CtrlA8 or select N?'ES 5 8N-ERSE SELECT8?N fro) t!e Net&or7 EditorLs )ain )enu. T!is &ill select all unselected nodes and deselect all pre(iously selected.
Mo(in Nodes
,y )o(in nodes to different positions+ you can )odify an initial layout created %y t!e auto)atic layout procedure. 0or precision place)ent of nodes+ use t!e node ali n)ent options fro) t!e net&or7 editorOs tool %ar+ or Select LAI?UT 5 AL8GN.
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0i ure 2>/. net&or7 (ie& ali n)ent tools
'o not for et to sa(e t!e Net&or7 -ie& 1and t!e *U itself at t!e end of t!e session3 if you &ant to )a7e t!e ne& layout per)anent.
T? M?-E A S8NGLE N?'E Mo(e t!e )ouse pointer onto t!e node to %e selected. *old do&n t!e left )ouse %utton. 'ra t!e selected node to its ne& position. T? M?-E MULT84LE N?'ES Create a )ultiple selection of nodes as descri%ed a%o(e. *old do&n t!e CTRLA7ey and dra t!e selected nodes to t!eir ne& position. T? M?-E N?'ES :8T* T*E ARR?: REIS Select one or )ore nodes usin t!e selection )et!ods descri%ed at GSelectin Nodes and Lin7sH on pa e $1>. Use t!e arro& 7eys in co)%ination &it! t!e CTRL 7ey to )o(e t!e node1s3 1 pi6el at a ti)e in all four directions.
CtrlAV A Undo node place)ents
To undo an erroneous place)ent+ select N?'ES 5 UN'? 4?S8T8?N8NG or t!e 7ey co)%ination CTRL_V.
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Re)o(in And 'eletin Nodes 0ro) Net&or7 -ie&s

\Re)o(in NodesL &ill not delete t!e o%@ects t!ey representJ T!e option \'elete Node+L !o&e(er+ doesJJ
Re)o(in nodes fro) t!e (ie& si)ply ta7es t!e nodes out of a Net&or7 -ie&. T!e nodes re)ain in t!e *U. Re)o(ed nodes can %e GreAi)portedH at any ti)e usin t!e node i)port functions descri%ed pre(iously. *o&e(er+ deletin nodes results in t!e deletion of t!e o%@ects t!ey represent fro) t!e entire *UM erasin codes+ Buotations+ etc.J ,e cautious &!en deletin nodesJ T? REM?-E N?'ES 0R?M A NET:?RR -8E: Select t!e nodes to %e e6cluded fro) t!e (ie&. 0ro) t!e Net&or7 EditorLs )ain )enu+ c!oose N?'ES 5 REM?-E N?'ES 0R?M -8E: or press CtrlA'el on t!e 7ey%oard. 8f you only &ant to e6clude a sin le node+ you )ay also c!oose t!is option fro) t!e nodeLs conte6t )enu. T? 'ELETE N?'ES 0R?M A NET:?RR -8E: Select t!e nodes to %e deleted per)anently fro) your *U. 0ro) t!e Net&or7 EditorLs )ain )enu+ c!oose N?'ES 5 'ELETE N?'E. Confir) t!e deletion process as it is a critical action. 'eletin a node fro) a net&or7 (ie& )eans t!at you per)anently delete t!is o%@ect fro) your *UJ T!is can %e useful+ &!en you !a(e %een addin ne& o%@ects to a net&or7 (ie& for e6ploratory purposes. Use t!is option &it! care. 0or t!is operation+ no undo option is a(aila%le. T!e only &ay to undo a false deletion is to close t!e *U &it!out sa(in it and to open t!e )ost recent (ersion or %ac7up. 8f you only &ant to e6clude nodes fro) a Net&or7 -ie&+ do not select 'ELETE N?'E fro) t!e nodeLs conte6t )enu or 'ELETE ENT8T8ES fro) t!e )ain )enu. Select t!e REM?-E 0R?M -8E: option.
Node And Lin7 Actions

Co))ands affectin selected codes or lin7s are a(aila%le (ia t!eir respecti(e conte6t )enus. 8n addition+ as descri%ed %elo&+ typeAspecific procedures are acti(ated &!en dou%leAclic7in a node. ACT8?NS -8A C?NTEET MENUS
All nodes and lin7s !a(e conte6t )enus.
Conte6t )enus can %e acti(ated on nodes and lin7s. 'ependent on t!e type of t!e node or lin7 selected+ t!ese )enus &ill offer specialiDed options fro) &!ic! to c!oose. :!en t!e )ouse pointer is o(er a node or a lin7+ related infor)ation is displayed in t!e status &indo& of t!e Net&or7 Editor.
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0i ure 2/#. T!e status %ar displays infor)ation a%out a node &!en )o(in &it! t!e )ouse o(er it
To open a conte6t )enu+ )o(e t!e )ouseApointer onto a node or lin7 and clic7 t!e ri !t )ouse %utton.
0i ure 2/1. Conte6t )enus
T? EEECUTE N?'E ACT8?NS 4ER '?U,LEACL8CR 4osition t!e )ouse pointer o(er a node. 'ou%leAclic7 t!e left )ouse %utton T!e ta%le %elo& descri%es t!e specific actions launc!ed for t!e different node types. 8f a co))ent or a )e)oLs te6t pops up+ you can clic7 inside t!e popAup &indo& to open a te6t editor.
&ode (ype
Double21lic- Action
Codes Me)os
'isplays t!e code co))ent 1definition3. 'isplays t!e content of t!e )e)o.
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2uotations 4ri)ary 'ocu)ents 0a)ilies Net&or7 -ie&s
'isplays t!e full te6t of t!e Buotation. 'isplays t!e co))ent for t!e 4'. 'isplays t!e description5co))ent for t!e fa)ily. 'isplays t!e description5co))ent for t!e Net&or7 -ie&. *old do&n t!e Ctrl 7ey to open t!is Net&or7 -ie& in anot!er Net&or7 Editor
Sa(in A Net&or7 -ie&

All lin7s t!at you create are sa(ed as soon as you sa(e t!e *U file. Iou only need to sa(e a net&or7 (ie&+ if you &ant to preser(e t!e layout+ i. e. t!e &ay you !a(e arran ed t!e nodes &it!in t!e editor. 8f you do not sa(e a particular (ie&+ you can al&ays open up a net&or7 (ie& on an o%@ect a ain and ATLAS.ti &ill arran e t!e o%@ects accordin to t!e default or userAdefined layout directions. 0or firstAclass relations+ t!e user can defined preferred layout directions 1see t!e section on t!e GT!e Relation EditorsG on pa e $<2. To sa(e a specific layout you !a(e created+ select t!e )enu option NET:?RR 5 SA-E AS. Enter a na)e for t!e net&or7 (ie& and clic7 o7.
Accessin And ?penin E6istin Net&or7 -ie&s

Iou can access sa(ed net&or7 (ie&s (ia t!e net&or7 %utton t!at you find in t!e top left corner of t!e *U editor underneat! t!e )ain )enu+ or (ia t!e Net&or7 -ie& Mana er+ or (ia t!e na(i ation pane 1see pa e $$3. -8A T*E MA8N T??L ,AR
0i ure 2/2. ?penin an e6istin net&or7 (ie& (ia t!e )ain tool %ar
Clic7 on t!e net&or7 %utton in t!e )ain tool %ar.
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Select a net&or7 and leftAclic7 to open it. -8A T*E NET:?RR -8E: MANAGER Select NET:?RRS 5 NET:?RR -8E: MANAGER. Si)ilar to t!e pri)ary docu)ent )ana er+ t!e net&or7 (ie& )ana e also offers a Tiles (ie& &it! (arious pre(ie& siDes Select -8E: 5 T8LES and t!en -8E: 5 4RE-8E: S8VE. WUM,?. ?r try out ot!er siDes.
0i ure 2/$. 4re(ie& i)a es of net&or7 (ie&s in t!e Net&or7 -ie& Mana er
8n t!e net&or7 (ie& )ana er you can enter a co))ent for eac! net&or7 to descri%e it.
-8A T*E NA-8GAT8?N 4ANE
?pen t!e na(i ation pane and select t!e net&or7 (ie& ta%. Also !ere you !a(e t!e option to display pre(ie& i)a es.
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0i ure 2/<. Accessin net&or7 (ie&s (ia t!e na(i ation pane
Ri !tAclic7 and select S!o& 4re(ie&.
0i ure 2/=. 4re(ie& i)a es of net&or7 (ie&s in na(i ation pane
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Analytic 0unctions
8M4?RT N?'E NE8G*,?RS T!is )et!od i)ports all direct nei !%ors of t!e selected nodes into t!e Net&or7 -ie&. T!is option is also a(aila%le fro) t!e nodeOs conte6t )enu. 8)portin direct nei !%ors allo&s you to construct a connected Net&or7 -ie& stepA%yAstep. 18n a connected rap!+ t!ere is al&ays a direct or indirect pat! %et&een any t&o nodes.3 To i)port nei !%ors of selected nodes.
0i ure 2/;. 8)port Nei !%ors su% )enu
Select t!e node1s3 &!ose nei !%ors are to %e included in t!e Net&or7 -ie&. Ri !tAclic7 and select 8M4?RT NE8G*,?RS fro) t!e conte6t )enu.
8)port nei !%ors can %e undone. S!ortcut. CtrlA S!iftAV.
8f you !a(e )ista7enly i)ported t!e &ron or too )any node nei !%ors+ select N?'ES 5UN'? 8M4?RT NE8G*,?RS fro) t!e )enu+ or press t!e 7ey co)%ination CtrlAS!iftAV. 8)port co))on Nei !%ors i)ports all directly lin7ed o%@ects. All ot!er options let you specifically select &!ic! o%@ects you &ant to i)port. ,elo& t!e options for t!e (arious o%@ects types are listed. 2uotations 8)port co))on Nei !%ors 8)port Codes 8)port Me)os 8)port *yperlin7s 'ocu)ents 5 Codes 5 Me)os 8)port co))on Nei !%ors 8)port Codes 8)port Me)os 8)port 2uotations 8)port 0a)ilies 0a)ilies 8)port Nei !%ors 1i.e. fa)ily )e)%ers3
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CREAT8NG CASEA,ASE' NET:?RR -8E:S 8)portin a docu)entOs codes nei !%ors allo&s to create caseA%ased net&or7 (ie&s. Iou can as7 Buestions li7e. :!ic! of t!e codes !a(e %een applied in &!ic! docu)ent 1and &!ere do t!ey not occur3. ATLAS.ti auto)atically dra&s li !t ray lines %et&een codes and t!e pri)ary docu)ents. T!e net&or7 (ie& G*yperlin7 &e% loo7in at sources of !appinessH in t!e *appiness Sta e 88 sa)ple pro@ect pro(ides an e6a)ple.
0i ure 2/7. E6a)ple of a caseA%ased net&or7 (ie&
:!at can %e seen is t!at state)ents t!at support t!e (ie& t!at one is personally responsi%le for oneOs o&n !appiness are )ainly co)in fro) t!e %lo s 14$ and 4=3. T!ey contradict t!e (ie& t!at relations!ips )i !t %e a source of !appiness as &ell+ &!ic! !o&e(er is supported %y scientific e(idence 141#3. Anot!er e6a)ple pro(ided %y t!e sa)ple pro@ect is t!e net&or7 (ie& GSur(ey results for !a(in 5 not !a(in c!ildren %y enderH.
8M4?RT C?A?CCURR8NG C?'ES 0or code nodes+ t!ere is a special i)port feature t!at e6ploits t!e spatial relations of different codin s. A code coAoccurs &it! anot!er if it !as %een used to code Buotations t!at are in close pro6i)ity. e)%edded+ o(erlappin + or if t&o or )ore codes are applied to t!e sa)e Buotation. T!e pro6i)ity of codin applied to a te6t can also %e e6ploited (ia t!e 2uery ToolLs GcoAoccurrenceH pro6i)ity operator. *o&e(er+ &!ile t!e 2uery Tool yields Buotations for e6plicitly specified codes+ t!e i)port function %rin s in only t!e codes. To i)port coAoccurrin codes.
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Select one or )ore codes in t!e Net&or7 Editor. C!oose N?'ES 5 8M4?RT C?A?CCURR8NG C?'ES fro) t!e Net&or7 EditorLs )enu.
:or7in :it! 0ilters 8n Net&or7 -ie&s

8n ATLAS.ti 7+ filter settin s do !a(e an effect on net&or7 (ie&s. 8n pre(ious (ersions if you used t!e i)port cooccurin code options+ all cooccurin codes &ere i)ported. T!is resulted in pretty pictures %ut )ost often not in )eanin ful results. ,ein a%le to &or7 &it! filters turns t!e net&or7 function into a po&erful analytic tool. LetOs ta7e a loo7 at an e6a)ple a ain %ased on t!e *appiness Sta e 88 pro@ect. To find out &!at people &!o !a(e c!ildren and t!ose &!o do not !a(e c!ildren t!in7 a%out sources of !appiness+ do t!e follo&in . Add t!e code Gefa). !a(e c!ildrenH to a ne& net&or7 (ie&. Set t!e code fa)ily GSources of !appinessH as lo%al filter 1see GSettin a Glo%al 0ilterG on pa e =73A 8n t!e net&or7 (ie& ri !tAclic7 on t!e inserted code and select t!e option 8M4?RT C?CC?UR8NG. No& only t!e GSources of !appinessH codes are i)ported. T!e lin7s t!at you see %et&een t!e codes !a(e pre(iously %een created )anually. Repeat t!e steps &it! t!e super code efa). donOt !a(e c!ildrenH and co)pare t!e outco)e. To create t!e net&or7 (ie& s!o&n in 0i ure 2//+ t&o separate net&or7 (ie&s !a(e %een created at first. After t!e related codes &ere lin7ed+ all codes &ere added to one net&or7 (ie&.
0i ure 2/>. 'ifferences %et&een parents and nonAparents &it! re ard to t!eir (ie&s on sources of !appiness
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Use Glo%al 0ilters To 0adeA?ut ?%@ects

8f you set a lo%al filter and clic7 on t!e filter icon in t!e Net&or7 -ie& editor+ all o%@ects t!at are not included in t!e filter are faded out. T!is is %est de)onstrated %y &ay of e6a)ple in t!e fi ures %elo&.
0i ure 2//. T!e full net&or7 (ie& &it!out acti(e filter
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0i ure $##. 4' fa)ily filter is set. All Buotations t!at are not fro) 2##> are faded out
8n 0i ure $## a%o(e t!e filter is set to t!e 4' fa)ily Gti)e period 2##>H and t!us only t!ose Buotations are s!o&n t!at occur in pri)ary docu)ents fro) 2##>. All ot!er Buotations are faded out. 8n 0i ure $#1 %elo&+ t!e re(erse is true. Iou see all Buotations fro) docu)ents included in t!e 4' fa)ily Gti)e period 2##/H and all ot!er Buotations are faded out.
0i ure $#1. 4' fa)ily filter is set. All Buotations t!at are not fro) 2##/ are faded out
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8f you set ot!er filters+ e. . a code fa)ily+ t!en all %ut t!e codes of t!at fa)ily are rayed out. T!is &or7s for all filters in t!e sa)e &ay.
Create 0a)ilies 0ro) Net&or7 -ie&s

Iou can create code+ 4' or )e)o fa)ilies %ased on t!e nodes included in a net&or7 (ie&. Select t!e nodes t!at you &ant to include in t!e fa)ily 1see GSelectin Nodes and Lin7sG on pa e $1>3. 0ro) t!e net&or7 editorOs )enu+ select t!e option S4EC8ALS 5 GENERATE 0AM8LI and t!en t!e respecti(e o%@ect type 1code+ )e)o or 4' fa)ily3. Enter a na)e for t!e fa)ily and clic7 ?R.
Create Net&or7 -ie&s 0ro) Code 0a)ilies

8t is also possi%le to create net&or7 (ie&s %ased on code fa)ilies. A ne& code &ill %e created fro) t!e code fa)ily na)e and all )e)%er codes &ill %e lin7ed (ia 8SA relations. ?pen t!e Code 0a)ily Mana er. Select a fa)ily and t!en t!e )enu option 0AM8L8ES 5 CREATE NET:?RR. A popAup )essa e infor)s you t!at a ne& code &ill %e created and t!at all )e)%er codes &ill %e lin7ed (ia 8SA relations. Confir) t!is )essa e. Accept t!e default na)e for t!e ne& code or enter a ne& one and clic7 ?7. T!e ne&ly created net&or7 (ie& opens.
0i ure $#2. A net&or7 (ie& created fro) a code fa)ily
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Layout 4rocedures
T&o )et!ods are a(aila%le for t!e auto)atic place)ent of nodes.
Se)antic Layout
S!ortcut. CTRLAL
4laces t!e nodes &it!in t!e &indo& usin t!e se)antic layout al orit!). T!is al orit!) tries to place t!e nodes into opti)al positions usin an in(isi%le )atri6 of default positions. 8t tries to place t!e nodes &it! t!e !i !est connecti(ity into center positions. ,y recursi(ely applyin t!e sa)e )et!od to t!e rest of t!e nodes usin nei !%orin positions of t!e first node placed+ t!e al orit!) tries to a(oid o(erlappin nodes and too )any crossin lin7s. *o&e(er+ calculatin an opti)al solution is not possi%le in a reasona%le a)ount of ti)e. T!e user can e6ert so)e control on t!is al orit!) (ia t!e preferred layout direction of t!e relations used for t!e lin7s+ e. .+ lin7s usin t!e GisAaH relation o fro) %otto) to top+ if possi%le. Iou can c!an e t!e layout direction )anually usin t!e Relation Editor 1see GT!e Relation EditorH on pa e $<2 for details3.
0i ure $#$. ,efore and after applyin Se)antic Layout to a Net&or7 -ie&
T!e results of t!e auto)atic layout procedure are typically Buite usa%le and pro(ide at least a ood startin point for su%seBuent )anual refine)ent of nodesO place)ent. 8f you are not !appy &it! t!e layout produced+ you can re(ert to t!e pre(ious place)ent %y usin UN'? 4?S8T8?N8NG 1CtrlAV3.
Topolo ical Layout

CtrlAV A Undo node place)ents
T!is special layout procedure tries to create a linear list of nodes positioned fro) t!e upper left to t!e lo&er ri !t. T!is seBuence is t!e result of a depth first tra3ersal of t!e rap!. T!e al orit!) tries to resol(e as )any constraints %et&een any t&o nodes so t!at a node &it! t!e least dependencies is )ade t!e first node positioned in t!e upper left corner+ and t!e node &it! t!e )ost dependencies on ot!er nodes is positioned in t!e lo&er ri !t corner of t!e Net&or7 Editor.
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0i ure $#<. A set of acti(ities &it! local constraints
8n t!e e6a)ple a%o(e+ t!e dependencies %et&een se(eral acti(ities necessary to et dressed are descri%ed %y local constraints %et&een t!e nodes. 0ro) t!ese local constraints+ a lo%al solution is enerated. ?ne correct &ay to et dressed. T!e KisAcauseAof K relation &as used to descri%e constraints. T!e only condition a relation )ust )eet is t!at it !as t!e Ktransiti(eK attri%ute. Iou can restrict t!e topolo ical layout option to @ust codes %y !oldin do&n t!e CTRL 7ey &!en selectin t!e topolo ical layout option9 if you &ant to restrict it to Buotations only+ !old do&n t!e CTRL_S*80T 7ey.
0i ure $#=. Topolo ical sort al&ays results in a linear+ dia onal place)ent of t!e nodes
Suc! al orit!)s are typically in use in pro@ect )ana e)ent soft&are. Iou can use a directed relation li7e K%eforeK to represent ti)e dependencies %et&een
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e(ents 1Ksoc7s %efore s!oes+H Ks!irt %efore tie+H K)arria e %efore di(orceK3 and t!en co)pute a possi%le seBuence of e(ents.
Creatin ?utput
Se(eral output options are a(aila%le for Net&or7 -ie&s. T!e ran e is fro) printin t!e layout 1(ia copyin to t!e clip%oard in a (ariety of for)ats %ot! te6tual and rap!ical3 and %y sa(in a Net&or7 -ie& to a file.
4rintin Net&or7s
,efore printin a Net&or7 -ie& t!e first ti)e+ you )ay prefer to set so)e eneral options 1include title+ print %order+ etc.3 1S4EC8ALS 5 4RE0ERENCES 5 4R8NT8NG3. Iou can eit!er print t!e entirety or part of a Net&or7 -ie&. ?pen t!e Net&or7 -ie& and arran e all nodes to %e printed. 8f you &ant to print a selection of nodes only+ select t!ese nodes 1for )ultiple selection+ !old do&n t!e Ctrl 7ey3. C!oose NET:?RR 5 4R8NT NET:?RR -8E: fro) t!e Net&or7 EditorOs )enu. 8n t!e 4rinter dialo &indo& t!at opens+ c!ec7 KSelectionK to print selected nodes only. 8f t!e siDe of t!e net&or7 (ie& deter)ined %y t!e node layout e6ceeds a sin le pa e+ dependin on current printer settin s+ scalin or )ultiApa e print &ill %e offered as a c!oice. Ma7e your c!oice and t!e net&or7 (ie& &ill %e printed.
Net&or7 -ie&s 0or ?t!er Applications

C?4I T? CL84,?AR' T!e )enu option NET:?RR 5 C?4I T? CL84,?AR' copies t!e net&or7 (ie& to t!e :indo&s clip%oard. 0ro) t!e clip%oard it can %e included in :ord or ot!er Gforei nH docu)ents. T!e Net&or7 -ie& 1all nodes or selected nodes only3 is copied to t!e clip%oard in a (ariety of for)ats. A te6tual description of t!e contained nodes 1a node synopsis3 An :indo&s En!anced Metafile for !i ! Buality rap!ics to %e used in reports. 'ependin on t!e processin capa%ilities of t!e tar et application+ results )ay so)eti)es %e less t!an opti)al. A %it)ap file t!at !as )ore accurate layout and fonts+ %ut less Buality &!en printed. 8n ot!er applications 1:ord+ 4o&er4oint+ etc3 a selection or all of t!ese for)ats are offered (ia 4ASTE S4EC8AL.
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SA-E NET:?RR -8E: AS GRA4*8C 08LE Iou can sa(e your Net&or7 -ie& as a rap!ic file. Iou can insert t!is file into reports+ :ord+ 4o&er4oint+ etc. C!oose NET:?RR 5 SA-E AS GRA4*8CS 08LE . T!is function does not sa(e t!e net&or7 as a reusa%le structure for i)port to ot!er *Us. To acco)plis! t!is+ (isit c!apter GTo e6port t!e code net&or7H on pa e $=#.
:!en e6portin your pro@ect in !t)l for)at 1see pa e <1;3+ net&or7 (ie&s %y default need to %e e)%edded in e)f for)at. 8f you &ant to use a different for)at+ you can c!an e t!e entry in t!e ra& !t)l file and c!oose any ot!er of t!e a%o(e listed for)ats.
Lin7 Mana e)ent

T!e CodeALin7 and t!e *yperALin7 Mana ers 1see pa e $;23 offer a (ery efficient &ay to re(ie& and edit first class lin7s 1codeAcode lin7s and BuotationA Buotation lin7+ also referred to as !yperlin7s3. Lin7s can %e edited+ flipped+ and re)o(ed+ and a Net&or7 Editor can %e opened on selected lin7s+ e. .+ all nodes affected. A co))ent can %e (ie&ed and edited for t!e selected lin7. Last %ut not least+ and typical for all ?%@ect Mana ers+ lin7s can %e sorted %y criteria suc! as t!e tar et or source o%@ect+ t!e relation used+ etc. C!an es )ade to t!e lin7s are i))ediately displayed in any Net&or7 Editor t!at currently display t!e lin7s. T!e EML E6plorer offers a nu)%er reports to e6port o(er(ie&s and lists of t!e lin7s you !a(e created 1see G:or7in &it! Style S!eetsG on pa e $//.
T!e Lin7 Mana ers

T!e t&o fi ures %elo& s!o& a Code Lin7 Mana er and a Net&or7 -ie& opened on t&o selected lin7s. 8n t!e left fi ure t!e t&o lin7s are selected and 0lip Lin7 fro) t!e conte6t )enu is selected. T!e ri !t fi ure displays t!e effect.
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0i ure $#;. 0lippin t&o lin7s in t!e CodeALin7 Mana er
T!e searc! field allo&s you to searc! for a &ord or strin of c!aracters in t!e source+ relation and tar et colu)n. -ia t!e tool %ar you can open an editor to &rite a co))ent for a lin7+ open a net&or7 on one or )ore selected lin7s+ open t!e suited relation editor+ deleted one or )ore selected lin7s or c!an e t!e (ie& option.
0i ure $#7. Lin7AMana er tool %ar
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T!e Relation Editors

T!e t&o Relation Editors+ one for codeAcode relations and one for !yperlin7s 1BuotationABuotation relations3 allo&s t!e creation+ display+ and editin of relations. E6plicit relations can only %e used &!en connectin codes to codes or Buotations to Buotations. Connections %et&een codes and Buotations+ )e)os and Buotations+ )e)os and codes+ and fa)ilies and t!eir )e)%ers cannot %e na)ed and specified %y t!e user. T!e relations editors already include a set of default relations. Iou can )odify t!ese entries at any ti)e+ translate t!e) to your lan ua e+ c!an e t!e la%els or t!e )enu te6t+ )odify t!e line color+ etc.
0i ure $#>. T!e CodeACode and t!e *yperlin7 Relation Editors
Cos)etic and descripti(e as &ell as structural aspects of relations can %e edited &it! t!e Relation Editor.
Cos)etics
Cos)etic aspects include t!e la%el used &!en displayin lin7s in a Net&or7 Editor9 t!e )enu te6t displayed &!en creatin a connection9 and t!e &idt!+ solidity+ and color of t!e line connectin t!e nodes lin7ed &it! t!is relation.
4referred Layout 'irection

A )ore sop!isticated Gcos)eticH property is t!e preferred layout direction. ,y usin t!is relation c!aracteristic+ t!e user can assert so)e control on t!e
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auto)atic layout al orit!). 8ndeed+ t!is option @ustifies t!e na)e Gse)antic layout.H
0or)al 4roperty
T!e for)al property associated &it! a relation !as a cos)etic effect and it controls t!e Gprocedural se)anticsH of t!e se)antic operators in t!e 2uery Tool. :!en you &ant to utiliDe t!e se)antic operators 1SU,+ U4+ S8,3+ transiti(e relations need to %e used.
Co))ent
As &it! all entities in ATLAS.ti+ a co))ent can %e attac!ed to a relation. T!e te6t entered as a relation co))ent is displayed &it!in a Net&or7 Editor after openin a conte6t )enu on a lin7+ or &!en selectin '8S4LAI RELAT8?N. ,ear in )ind t!at a co))ent &ritten for a relation is different fro) a co))ent &ritten for a lin7. T!e co))ent for a relation is of a lo%al nature and defines t!e relation type. e. .+ &!at is )eant %y t!e relation Gis associated &it!.H A lin7 usin t!is relation connects t&o specific codes. :!en &ritin a co))ent for t!is lin7+ t!e )eanin is local and e6plains &!y t&o codes &ere connected usin t!is relation.
*o& To Edit Relations

T!e Relation Editor is a(aila%le fro) t!e )ain )enu NET:?RR+ or can %e launc!ed fro) t!e Net&or7 EditorLs L8NRS )enu. Iou can c!an e t!e properties of relations. 8f t!ese relations are already in use %y t!e currently loaded *U+ c!an es &ill %e stored alon &it! t!e *U &!en sa(in it. ?pen t!e Relation Editor. NET:?RRS 5 E'8T RELAT8?NS and select &!et!er you &ant to open t!e codeAcode or t!e !yperlin7s relation editor. 8n t!e list of relations+ clic7 on t!e relation to %e edited. C!an e any of t!e (alues. Clic7 on Apply. 8f you open t!e Relation Editor fro) &it!in a Net&or7 Editor+ all c!an es are G%roadcastH to t!e editor and you see t!e c!an es in t!e display of t!e affected lin7s. :!en openin t!e Relation Editor fro) t!e )ain )enu+ all %ut t!e preferred layout direction settin s are realiDed i))ediately in all currently open Net&or7 Editors.
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*o& To Create Ne& Relations

UserAdefined relations are only a(aila%le for codeAcode or BuotationA Buotation lin7s. All ot!er lin7s use K!ardA&iredK relations 1li7e t!e ones %et&een Buotations and codes3. Ne& relations are stored to et!er &it! t!e *U in &!ic! t!ey are used. :!en startin ATLAS.ti+ t!e default relations as defined in t!e file default.rel are loaded. T!is file is located in t!e user syste) folder t!at can con(eniently %e accessed (ia T??LS 5 EE4L?RER 5 USER SISTEM 0?L'ER. :!en creatin ne& relations+ it is su ested t!at you sa(e t!ese relations to t!e default.rel file. 8f desired+ different REL files can %e created and loaded. Ne& relations can %e created &!en lin7in codes or Buotations+ or independently of any lin7in acti(ity. 8n %ot! cases+ entries are created &it! t!e Relation Editor.
0i ure $#/. Relations
:!en lin7in codes or Buotations+ select t!e option ?4EN RELAT8?N E'8T?R instead of one of t!e offered relations. ?r+ select NET:?RRS 5 RELAT8?N E'8T?R fro) t!e )ain )enu. 8n t!e Relation Editor+ select t!e )enu option E'8T 5 NE: RELAT8?N. Enter a s!ort uniBue 8' for t!e relation you &ant to create. T!e default are capital letters+ %ut it is not necessary to use capital letters. Wust re)e)%er t!at eac! relation needs a uniBue 8'. ,ased on t!is infor)ation+ ATLAS.ti ensures t!at none of t!e relation is o(er&ritten %y any ot!er relation. Ne6t+ enter a la%el 1+ a la%el 2+ and a )enu la%el.
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0i ure $1#. 'isplay options for lin7s in net&or7 (ie&s
8n t!e Net&or7 Editor+ you !a(e t!ree options to display t!e na)e of t!e relation 1see 0i ure $1#3. As a (ie& option+ you can eit!er display la%el 1+ la%el 2+ or t!e )enu la%el. 8f t!ere is sufficient space in t!e net&or7+ you can select to display t!e )enu la%el+ &!ic! is usually lon er. C!oose an a%%re(iation for la%els 1 and 2 as a display option &!en space is li)ited. C!oose a sy)%ol for la%el 1+ a s!ort &ord for la%el 2 and a lon er na)e for t!e )enu la%el. ?r. enter not!in for la%el 1+ an En lis! lan ua e na)e for la%el 2+ and a la%el in your nati(e lan ua e for t!e )enu la%el. T!e )enu la%el eBuals t!e )enu te6t. T!e te6t entered in t!e field \Menu La%elL is used in t!e relation )enu and as a la%el. 8n addition+ t!e )enu te6t is also used &!en outputtin net&or7ed codes in t!e for) of Buasi sentences 1C?'ES 5 ?UT4UT 5 C?'E *8ERARC*I or C?'E NE8G*,?RS3. Ne6t select t!e line style 1&idt!+ color+ solid or das!ed3. 8f you &is!+ you can specify t!e preferred layout direction t!at is used to auto)atically dra& t!e picture &!en openin a Net&or7 -ie& on an o%@ect. T!e final attri%ute to enter is t!e Kfor)al propertyK of t!e relation. Ktransiti(e+K Ksy))etric+K or Kasy))etric.K A transiti(e relation is a directed lin7 li7e Gis part ofH+ G is reason forH+ Gis aH. ,ot! sy))etric and asy))etric relations are nonAdirected lin7s. An e6a)ple of a sy))etric lin7 is Gis associated &it!H9 GcontradictsH is an e6a)ple for an asy))etric lin7. ?ptionally+ you can descri%e t!e ne&ly created relation in t!e te6t pane at t!e %otto) of t!e Relation Editor. 8n order to sa(e t!e ne& relation+ select 08LE 5 SA-E fro) t!e Relation Editor )enu. A file dialo &indo& opens. T!e su ested file na)e is default.rel. 8t is reco))ended to use t!is file as your standard repository for relations. 8t is possi%le to create different sets of relations %y enterin a ne& file na)e 1see Mana in RelationsG %elo&3.
Create sets of relations t!at reflect your )et!odolo y
Mana in Relations
Usin t!e Relation Editor+ different sets of relations can %e created and stored in separate files 1usin 08LE 5 SA-E RELAT8?NS3. 0or instance+ you could !a(e a set
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of relations related to ar u)entation t!eory+ or a set %ased on Grounded T!eory relations. :!en startin ATLAS.ti+ t!e default relation set is loaded 1i. e.+ t!e file default.rel3. 8f you !a(e created a ne& set and stored it in a ne& REL file+ you need to load it after startin ATLAS.ti. To do so+ open t!e Relation Editor and c!oose 08LE 5 L?A' RELAT8?NS. T!is adds t!e ne& relation set to t!e already loaded default set. 8f you &ant to delete relations fro) t!e default set+ or fro) any ne&ly created set+ select a relation in t!e Relation Editor and c!oose t!e )enu option 08LE 5 'ELETE RELAT8?N. :!en you !a(e re)o(ed all un&anted relations and &ant to )a7e t!e c!an es per)anent+ you need to sa(e t!e set 1select 08LE 5 SA-E RELAT8?NS3.
Cos)etics A Net&or7 'isplay 4roperties

T!ere are nu)erous options a(aila%le to alter t!e appearance of nodes+ lin7s+ and e(en t!e %ac7 round. *o&e(er+ all settin s created usin t!e 'isplay )enu of Net&or7 Editor are lost after closin t!e editor. 8f you &ant to c!an e colors and fonts lo%ally for all Net&or7 -ie&s+ you need to c!an e t!ese settin s under NET:?RRS 5 4RE0ERENCES.
Colors
Iou can set t!e Net&or7 EditorOs %ac7 round and t!e color of nodes. C!oose '8S4LAI 5 SET C?L?RS 1or clic7 on t!e color circle in t!e tool %ar3 and t!en one of t!e options fro) t!e su%)enu. Iou are offered a standard color c!ooser dialo fro) &!ic! to pic7 a color.
0i ure $11. Set Colors su% )enu
8f you !a(e colored your codes+ you can display t!ese colors eit!er as node la%el or as node color in a net&or7 (ie&. To do so+ clic7 on t!e color circle in t!e tool %ar and select t!e appropriate option. 8f you !a(e used a dar7 color to color a code+ t!en use t!e G*i ! ContrastH option to display t!e node la%el in &!ite.
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0i ure $12. Lo& and !i ! contrast la%el display
T!e option Color %y 'enisity C Groundedness (isualiDes t!e codin and )odelin state of t!e codes. T!is )ode affects code nodes only. Code nodes are auto)atically assi ned a color accordin to t!eir roundedness and density. Groundedness of a code 1i. e.+ t!e nu)%er of associated Buotations3 increases t!e yello& part of t!e node color 1note Gna)e of suspectH in t!e fi ure %elo&3. 'ensity 1i. e.+ t!e nu)%er of lin7s to ot!er codes3 increases t!e %lue part 1Gna)e of suspect. Co!enH is t!e &inner in t!e fi ure %elo&3. 8n t!e Code Mana er+ !i !Adensity codes are indicated in red+ !i ! freBuency codes in %lue. T!is )a7es codes t!at are !ea(ily or seldo) used for codin or )odel %uildin easily identifia%le. T!is AUT?AC?L?RAM?'E !as also an effect in t!e Code Mana er in 'etails (ie&.
0i ure $1$. AutoAcolor )ode
T!e %ars for roundedness and density are colored accordin to t!eir freBuency. Iou can also acti(ated t!e t!e autoAcolor option under t!e -ie&s )enu in t!e Code Mana er.
0onts
T!e font used for nodes and lin7s can %e set independently c!oosin '8S4LAI 5 SET 0?NTS fro) t!e Net&or7 EditorLs )ain )enu.
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'isplay ?f Nodes
Nodes can %e displayed eit!er in a flat or $'A(ie&+ &it! rounded %orders+ &it! or &it!out %orders+ and a radient s!adin . To select any of t!e four options+ clic7 on t!e 'isplay %utton s!o&n %elo&.
0i ure $1<. 'isplay options for nodes
ResiDin Nodes
Nodes can %e indi(idually resiDed. Wust leftAclic7 on a node and dra t!e node %o6 into t!e desired position.
Node And Lin7 Appearance

Under t!e 'isplay )enu of t!e Net&or7 Editor you find a lar e (ariety of options to alter t!e display c!aracteristics of nodes and lin7s. So)e of t!ese options affect all nodes re ardless of t!eir type. ?t!er options c!an e t!e display of certain node types only. N?'E 8C?N T!e node type icon can %e s&itc!ed on and off for all nodes %y selectin t!e )enu option '8S4LAI 5 USE N?'E ,8TMA4S+ or %y pressin t!e 7ey co)%ination CTRLAALTA,. T!e s)all i)a e used as a node icon increases t!e distincti(eness of t!e nodes+ especially &!en a )i6ture of node types e6ists in a Net&or7 -ie&. Nonet!eless+ &!en space runs lo&+ you )ay prefer to s&itc! off t!e icons. A node can %e displayed &it! a G$'H %order+ or &it! a drop s!ado&. To s&itc! %et&een t!e $' and t!e s!ado&ed (ie&+ select t!e )enu option '8S4LAI 5 '8S4LAI N?'ES $' or press t!e 7ey co)%ination CTRLA$. N?'E -ER,?S8TI Iou !a(e se(eral options to control t!e a)ount of infor)ation displayed in a node. 2uotes can %e displayed &it! @ust t!eir 8' or &it! t!e co)plete selection of te6t t!ey represent.
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0i ure $1=. Su% )enu 2uotation -er%osity
?f course+ to decide &!ic! le(el of (er%osity )a7es sense+ you need to e6a)ine !o& )any nodes populate t!e Net&or7 -ie& and t!e o(erall siDe of t!e te6t. To c!an e t!e (er%osity of Buotes+ select t!e )enu option '8S4LAI 5 2U?TAT8?N -ER,?S8TI.
Miscellaneous Net&or7 4rocedures

T!eory Transfer
T!eory transfer supports a deducti(e approac! to analyDin Bualitati(e data and t!e application of Kpro(enK t!eories to ot!er do)ains.
,y KT!eory TransferK &e )ean t!e reAuse of codes+ relations+ and code net&or7s produced in one pro@ect in su%seBuent pro@ects. T&o different strate ies are supported. T!e reAuse of a KflatK 1unstructured3 list of codes includin na)es+ code definitions+ aut!or+ date of creation and )odification in ot!er *Us. T!e transfer of ric! representations of codes 1includin t!e connections %et&een codes3. G0LATH C?'E M8GRAT8?N T!e first strate yAAusin unstructured code listsAAincludes t!e output of all or a selection of codes fro) one *U into a file and t!e later i)port of t!is code file into anot!er *U. StepA%yAstep instruction is pro(ided else&!ere 1see GTransferrin Codes fro) ?t!er 4ro@ectsH on pa e 2#23. T!e )et!od of flat code )i ration is useful &!en &or7in in tea)s and &!en a code list is first de(eloped on one co)puter. T!is &ay+ ot!er tea) )e)%ers can easily i)port t!e a reed upon list of codes into t!eir *Us. ?t!er potential applications for t!is function include testin relia%ility+ or startin deducti(e structural t!eory &or7 fro) scratc!. :!en testin for relia%ility+ a i(en code %ase can %e used on t!e sa)e )aterial %y different aut!ors. SEMANT8C NET:?RR M8GRAT8?N T!is )et!od transfers a relati(ely co)plete Kt!eoryK into a ne& pro@ect. Li7e t!e flat code )i ration )et!od descri%ed a%o(e+ t&o steps are necessary. 0irst+ t!e net&or7 of codes needs to %e e6ported and sa(ed as an e6ternal file. Second+ t!is file is i)ported into a ne& *U 1or an e6istin *U3.
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T? EE4?RT T*E C?'E NET:?RR Load t!e *U t!at contains t!e Kt!eoryK you &ant to )i rate. 8f needed set t!e code filter to contain only t!ose codes to %e processed in t!e ne6t step. C!oose 4R?WECT 5 EE4?RT 5 C?'E NET:?RR fro) t!e *U EditorOs )ain )enu. Enter a na)e for net&or7 file. ,y default+ t!e na)e of t!e *U &it! t!e e6tension NET is offered. T!e file contains a te6tual description+ &!ic! can %e processed %y t!e i)port step descri%ed in t!e follo&in directions. T? 8M4?RT A C?'E NET:?RR Load t!e *U into &!ic! t!e net&or7 of codes s!all %e i)ported. C!oose 4R?WECT 5 8M4?RT 5C?'E NET:?RR fro) t!e *U EditorOs )ain )enu. Select a net&or7 file 1e6tension .NET3. C?N0L8CT RES?LUT8?N :!en i)portin net&or7s into an *U t!at already contains net&or7ed codes+ t!e follo&in internal strate y is applied to a(oid conflicts. E6istin codes and lin7s are not )odified+ inconsistent lin7s are not created 1e. . direct cycles3. CLEAN8NG U4 :!ile t!e situation of i)portin !o)ony)s is controlled %y t!e conflict resolution strate y+ t!e syste) cannot auto)atically !andle un&anted synony)s. Especially &!en i)portin codes and net&or7s created %y ot!ers into a nonAe)pty *U+ suc! synony)s 1e. .+ K)anK and K)an7indK3 )i !t clutter t!e na)e space of codes. Iou can clean up %y )er in t!e synony)s 1see GMer in CodesH on pa e 2#=3. SCALE' T*E?RI TRANS0ER ,esides t!e t&o strate ies descri%ed a%o(e+ you can use t!e *U )er e procedure to ain )ore control o(er &!at co)ponents are to %e transferred. Code lists &it! Kric!K representations of codes can %e e6tracted fro) a i(en Kt!eory te)plateK *U9 Net&or7 -ie&s+ )e)os+ and5or 4's )ay %e included. T!is )et!od also !as t!e ad(anta e t!at it is a KoneApassK procedure and t!ere is no need to create e6tra files containin t!e codes or net&or7s to %e transferred. Unli7e t!e Se)antic Net&or7 Mi ration )et!od descri%ed a%o(e+ it also allo&s you to assert )ore control o(er !o& conflicts &it! e6istin codes and lin7s are to %e resol(ed. 0or details please refer to GMer in *er)eneutic UnitsH on pa e 1=<. MERG8NG C?'ES US8NG T*E NET:?RR E'8T?R ,elo& &e descri%e !o& )er in codes can %e acco)plis!ed in a Net&or7 Editor.
Clean up synony)ous codes usin t!e Code Mer e procedure. T!e essentials of )er in codes !a(e already %een descri%ed else&!ere 1see GMer in CodesH on pa e 2#=3.
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T!e fi ures %elo& illustrate t!at t!e )er in of t&o or )ore codes is not a tri(ial tas7+ %ecause all of t!eir references+ lin7s+ and co))ents need to %e transferred to t!e tar et code in a consistent )anner. Usin t!e net&or7 )et!od is t!e Kin(erseK procedure of t!e list )et!od descri%ed earlier 1see GMer in Codes Usin t!e List Met!odH on pa e 2#=3. Usin t!e list )et!od+ you select t!e tar et code first. T!en you c!oose t!e codes to %e )er ed. Mer in codes in a net&or7 editor is t!e in(erse. Iou select t!e codes to %e )er ed first and t!en you select t!e tar et code.
T? MERGE C?'ES US8NG T*E NET:?RR E'8T?R ?pen or create t!e Net&or7 -ie& t!at contains t!e codes to %e )er ed. *ere. Geffects of parentin . )ore stress 5 )ore %urden 5 )ore e6penses 5 )ore &or7H. T!ey s!ould %e )er ed into a )ore eneral code na)ed. Geffects of parentin . )ore.... 1ne 3H. Select all KsourceK codes to %e )er ed into one tar et code. Ma7e sure t!at t!e tar et node is already (isi%le in t!e Net&or7 Editor. C!oose N?'ES 5 MERGE C?'ES fro) t!e Net&or7 EditorOs )ain )enu.
0i ure $1;. Mer in codes in a net&or7 (ie& editor
Mo(e t!e )ouse to t!e tar et node and clic7 t!e left )ouse %utton. After t!e )er e. T!e four selected codes !a(e %een )er ed into t!e tar et codeKeffects of parentin . )ore... 1ne 3K. T!e tar et node Kin!eritsK all t!e references+ i. e.+ Buotations+ lin7s to ot!er codes and )e)os+ and co))ents+ into t!e incorporated node1s3.
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Net&or7 -ie&s As Grap!ical Ta%les ?f Contents

8f you use rap!ical 4's+ you can use Net&or7 -ie&s to display Kt!u)%nailsK 1s)allAsiDed copies3 of t!ese 4's. See for e6a)ple 0i ure 2/7. Create a ne& Net&or7 -ie& %y c!oosin NET:?RRS 5 NE: NET:?RR -8E: fro) t!e *U EditorOs )ain )enu.
C!an e t!e siDe of t!e t!u)%nail i)a es
8)port so)e rap!ical 4's 1see G NodesH on pa e $1;3. 0ro) t!e Net&or7 Editor )enu+ c!oose '8S4LAI 5 0ULL 8MAGE 0?R 4'S. Rearran e t!e nodes in t!e Net&or7 -ie& and sa(e t!e net&or7 (ie&. Iou can confi ure t!e siDe of t!e t!u)%nails. 8n t!e net&or7 (ie& editor+ select S4EC8ALS 5 4RE0ERENCES+ ta%. Nodes. T!e standard &idt! is set to 2##.
0i ure $17. 4reference settin s for t!u)%nail 4's
C!an e t!e &idt! and clic7 Apply. Close t!e Net&or7 4references &indo&.
*yperte6t
A net&or7 &it! te6t 1or ot!er )edia3 as nodes is often referred to as a !yperte6t. T!e ori inal seBuential te6t is deAlineariDed+ %ro7en do&n into pieces t!at are t!en reconnected+ )a7in it possi%le to tra(erse fro) one piece of data to anot!er piece of data re ardless of t!eir ori inal positions. T!e procedures descri%ed so far !a(e focused on t!e creation of code net&or7s. 'irect lin7in of dataAse )ents 1Buotations3 to ot!er dataAse )ents offers si)ilar fle6i%ility in c!oosin and definin relations. Al)ost all of t!e editin functions descri%ed for code net&or7s can also %e used &!en connectin t&o or )ore Buotations. CodeAcode and BuoteABuote lin7s are t!e only types of net&or7 connections t!at allo& you to assi n a na)e to t!e connection t!at appears on t!e line or arro& t!at runs %et&een t!e o%@ects.
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Representin T!e GR!etoric ?f Te6tH

:!ile a code offers fast access to sets of data se )ents+ it defines only a si)ple relation %et&een t!e)+ na)ely eBui(alence.
*yperlin7s+ &!ic! directly relate data se )ents+ e6press )ore differentiated relations!ips %et&een Buotations. contradiction+ support+ illustration+ etc.
0i ure $1>. *yperte6t captures t!e )acrostructure of a te6t
No code is needed to connect Buotation 21 &it! one t!at it contradicts 1223. CrossAreferences %et&een te6t passa es are (ery co))on e(en in con(entional )edia li7e %oo7s A @ust t!in7 of reli ious and @uridical te6ts+ literature+ @ournals etc. 0ootnotes and endnotes are anot!er co))on de(iation fro) t!e pure linearity of seBuential te6t. *o&e(er+ in con(entional )edia+ not )uc! na(i ational support is pro(ided for Ktra(ersin K %et&een t!e pieces of data t!at reference eac! ot!er.
TodayOs lar est !yperte6t syste). t!e :orld :ide :e%
Co)puterArelated !yperte6t applications include+ for e6a)ple+ online !elp syste)s t!at display operational infor)ation in suita%le s)all c!un7s 1co)pared to len t!y printed infor)ation3+ %ut &it! a considera%le a)ount of lin7a e to ot!er pieces of infor)ation. A &ellA7no&n !yper)edia structure is t!e :orld :ide :e% &it! its te6tual+ rap!ical and ot!er )ulti)edia infor)ation distri%uted &orldA&ide.
,enefits ?f *yperte6t
:!at are t!e ad(anta es of direct connections %et&een te6t se )ents+ co)pared to t!e traditional procedures of Bualitati(e te6t analysisU
:!at Codes Cannot 'o

May%e &e s!ould as7 a different Buestion first. *o& can you e6press t!at state)ent E in te6t A contradicts state)ent I in te6t ,+ or !o& can you retrie(e all contradictory state)ents of a specific utterance if all you !a(e is codes and t!eir associations &it! t!e dataU
4ure classification is not al&ays adeBuate
T!e Kcode C retrie(eK paradi )+ &!ic! is so pre(alent for )any syste)s supportin t!e Bualitati(e researc!er+ is not adeBuate for certain types of
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analysis. 8n for)al ter)s+ attac!in codes to c!un7s of data creates na)ed sets of se )ents &it! al)ost no internal structure. T!is is not to say t!at partitionin lots of te6t se )ents into sets is not useful. ?n t!e contrary+ classification leads to )ana ea%le a)ounts of se )ents t!at later can %e retrie(ed &it! t!e !elp of t!e attac!ed code &ords. ,ut t!is )ay not %e t!e only &ay you &ant to loo7 at your data.
*yperte6t )a7es te6tAte6t relations e6plicit
T!e concept of !yperte6t introduces e6plicit relations %et&een passa es. T!ese lin7s !a(e to %e %uilt )anually and result fro) an intellectual effort. T!e syste) cannot decide for you t!at se )ent 6 is in contradiction to se )ent y. ,ut after t!e &or7 of esta%lis!in t!e lin7s+ you can )a7e se)antically ric!er retrie(als. KS!o& state)ents contrary to state)ent 6.K *yperte6t allo&s you to create different pat!s t!rou ! t!e data you are analyDin . 0or e6a)ple+ you )ay create a ti)e line different fro) t!e strict seBuence of t!e ori inal te6t.
Grap!ical *yperlin7 Maps

ATLAS.ti incorporates procedures for creatin and %ro&sin !yperte6t structures. 8t allo&s for t&o or )ore Buotations %ein connected usin na)ed relations. 0urt!er+ you can create rap!ical )aps 1usin Net&or7 -ie&s3 to )a7e parts of your !yperspace accessi%le in a co)forta%le &ay. *yperlin7s )ay connect Buotations 1te6tual+ rap!ical+ )ulti)edia3 across docu)ents 1interA te6tual lin7s3 or )ay lin7 se )ents &it!in t!e sa)e pri)ary docu)ent 1intraA te6tual lin7s3. T!e natural %oundary for !yperlin7s+ li7e all structures in ATLAS.ti+ is t!e *er)eneutic Unit. T!e !yperte6t Net&or7 -ie& to t!e ri !t displays Buotations in )a6i)u) K(er%osityK set to Kfull te6t.K ?t!er node types can also %e included in t!e Net&or7 -ie&+ li7e t!e )e)o in t!e upper left corner.
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0i ure $1/. A net&or7 of Buotations
General 4rocedures
STAR ?R C*A8N C?NNECT8?NS
A !yperlin7 c!ain connects Buotations seBuentially
:!en lin7in Buotations+ you !a(e t!e option to create a Gc!ainH+ a GstarH or a co)%ination of %ot!. ,elo&+ a c!ain and star connection are illustrated.
0i ure $2#. A !yperlin7 c!ain
:!en creatin t!is c!ain+ t!e Buotation 2.$ ser(ed as a source Buotation and &as lin7ed to t!e tar et Buotation $.=. 8n order to continue t!e c!ain+ t!e tar et Buotation $+= %eca)e t!e source Buotation and &as lin7ed to t!e ne& tar et Buotation >.7.. A !yperlin7 star connects )any Buotations fro) one source Buotation.
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0i ure $21. A !yperlin7 start
:!en creatin a star+ t!ere is one source Buotation and )ultiple tar et Buotations. 8n t!e a%o(e e6a)ple+ t!e source Buotation is >.;+ &!ic! is lin7ed to fi(e tar et Buotations (ia a nu)%er of different relations.
*yperlin7s 8n T!e 2uotation Mana er

8n list (ie&s+ lin7ed Buotations are prefi6ed &it! an le %rac7ets.
All !yperAlin7ed Buotations can easily %e reco niDed in t!e 2uotation Mana er. All source Buotations are )ar7ed &it! an openin an le %rac7et S+ all tar et Buotations &it! a closin %rac7et T. 8f a Buotation is %ot!+ source and tar et 1as t!e case &!en creatin c!ains3+ t!en %ot! %rac7ets are used as prefi6 ST.
0i ure $22. List of lin7ed Buotations
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*yperlin7s 8n T!e Mar in Area

T!e )ar in is an opti)al &or7 space for na(i atin !yperlin7s
:!en &or7in &it! !yperlin7s+ it is ad(isa%le to set t!e )ar in display options as follo&s.
0i ure $2$. 'isplay of !yperlin7s in t!e )ar in area
To open t!is conte6t )enu+ ri !t clic7 on a %lan7 space in t!e )ar in area.
Creatin *yperlin7s
ATLAS.ti offers a (ariety of options for creatin and tra(ersin !yperte6t lin7s. Si)ilar to t!e lin7in of codes+ you )ay create !yperlin7s in a t!e Net&or7 -ie& editor 1see GLin7in NodesG on pa e $1/3. 8n addition+ !yperte6t lin7s can %e created Kin conte6tK+ or (ia 'ra C 'ra in t!e 2uotation Mana er and in t!e )ar in area.
Creatin *yperlin7s Usin T!e Conte6t Menu

T? CREATE A C*A8N. Select a data se )ent as source or an already e6istin Buotation. Ri !t clic7 on t!e selection or t!e Buotation and select t!e option CREATE L8NR S?URCE fro) t!e conte6t )enu. Alternati(ely+ you can clic7 on t!e Source Anc!or %utton in t!e pri)ary docu)ent tool%ar. Select a tar et se )ent or an e6istin Buotation as tar et+ ri !t clic7 and select t!e option CREATE L8NR TARGET fro) t!e conte6t )enu. Alternati(ely+ you can clic7 on t!e Source Anc!or %utton in t!e pri)ary docu)ent tool%ar. 8f you select a data se )ent as source or tar et t!at &as not yet a Buotation+ ATLAS.ti auto)atically creates a Buotation fro) it. A list of relation pops up. Select a relation to lin7 t!e t&o selected Buotations. 8f none of t!e e6istin relations fit+ create a ne& relation %y selectin ?4EN RELAT8?N E'8T?R 1see G*o& to create ne& relationsG on pa e $<<3.
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0i ure $2<. Select a relation to lin7 t!e source &it! t!e tar et Buotation
Ne6t+ select t!e option C*A8N. ^.. to lin7 a ne6t data se )ent to t!e current tar et Buotation.
0i ure $2=. Select KC!ain. Set tar et 6.6 as sourceK to lin7 anot!er Buotation to t!e current tar et Buotation
Select 2U8T L8NR8NG to end t!e c!ain.
T? CREATE A STAR. 4roceed as e6plained a%o(e GTo create a c!ain.G+ %ut select t!e option Star. Lea(e 6.6 as source. T!en t!e ne6t Buotation is lin7ed to t!e current source Buotation. 0or your infor)ation+ t!e Buotation 8's for t!e current source and tar et Buotations are listed in t!e )enu.
Creatin *yperlin7s 8n T!e 2uotation Mana er

T!is )et!od can %e applied to connect one or )ore e6istin Buotations to one tar et Buotation. Select one or )ore source Buotations in t!e 2uotation Mana er 1)ultiple selections can %e done in t!e standard &ay3. *old do&n t!e left )ouse %utton and dra t!e Buotation1s3 to a tar et Buotation in t!e 2uotation Mana er.
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Release t!e left )ouse %utton. T!e Relation )enu opens and you can specify t!e relation to %e used for t!e !yperlin7s. T!e ne& !yperlin7s are t!en created.
0i ure $2;. Select Buotations+ dra and clic7 tar et Buotation in t!e 2uotation Mana er
Creatin *yperlin7s 8n Mar in Area

Li7e t!e )et!od descri%ed a%o(e+ creatin !yperlin7s in t!e )ar in area is %est suita%le for connectin t&o Buotations t!at are in close pro6i)ity to eac! ot!er. Select a Buotation %ar in t!e )ar in area. *old do&n t!e left )ouse %utton and dra t!e %ar onto anot!er Buotation %ar. Release t!e left )ouse %utton. T!e Relation )enu opens. Select a relation. T!e lin7in procedure ends !ere.
'roppin a %ar onto anot!er Buotation displayed alon side a %ar+ replaces t!e e6istin !yperlin7.
UtiliDin T!e MultiA'ocu)ent -ie& 0or *yperlin7in

T!e )ultiAdocu)ent (ie& )a7es it easy to set !yperlin7s. Load t&o docu)ents sideA%yAside. Left clic7 a Buotation %ar in t!e acti(e re ion+ dra t!e )ouse to a Buotation %ar in t!e sa)e or a nei !%orin re ion+ release t!e left )ouse %utton and select a relation 1see 0i ure $27 %elo&3.
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0i ure $27. Creatin !yperlin7s across re ions
8f you dou%leAclic7 on a !yperlin7+ a &indo& pops up pro(idin infor)ation on t!e lin7ed Buotation and you can clic7 inside to (isit t!is Buotation. ?r use t!e s!ortAcut Ctrl _ dou%leAclic7 to i))ediately @u)p to t!e lin7ed Buotation. ATLAS.ti loads t!e docu)ent containin t!e lin7ed Buotation into t!e nei !%orin re ion and you can (ie& t!e lin7ed se )ents sideA%yAside 1see also GTra(ersin *yperlin7sG on pa e $;1.
Modifyin *yperlin7s
T!ere are t&o place to )odify e6istin !yperlin7s+ t!e Net&or7 Editor and t!e *yperlin7 Mana er 1see GLin7 Mana e)entH on pa e $<#3. T? M?'80I L8NRS 8N T*E NET:?RR E'8T?R ?pen a net&or7 (ie& on a !yperlin7ed Buotation 1e. .+ %y ri !t clic7in on a Buotation and t!en selectin t!e option ?4EN NET:?RR -8E: fro) t!e conte6t )enu3. 8n t!e Net&or7 Editor+ ri !t clic7 on a lin7 la%el and select C*ANGE RELAT8?N fro) t!e conte6t )enu. T!e relation )enu pops up. Select a different relation.
'efinin Ne& *yperlin7 Relations

T!e procedure for definin or editin !yperte6t relations is eBui(alent to t!e )et!ods descri%ed for editin codeAcode relations. Iou )ay eit!er define a ne& relation %y c!oosin t!e %otto) option fro) t!e list of relations &!en actually creatin a lin7+ or you )ay use a !yperAlin7s relation editor+ t!at is
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identical to t!e codeAcode relations editor 1see G*o& to create ne& relationsG on pa e $<<3. Ne&ly defined or edited relations )ust also %e sa(ed to dis7.
Tra(ersin *yperlin7s
MediaAtype Buotations can %e distin uis!ed easily %y t!eir icons. T!ese icons )ay %e used in t!e )ar in area+ t!e ?%@ect Mana er+ t!e *U E6plorer+ t!e Cra&ler+ and in Net&or7 -ie&s. T!e fi ure %elo& s!o&s t!e )edia types of !yperlin7ed Buotations in t!e )ar in. 0ro) top to %otto) t!ese are. te6t+ (ideo+ audio+ i)a e and Goo le Eart! !yperlin7s.
0i ure $2>. Media types for !yperlin7s
T? TRA-ERSE *I4ERTEET L8NRS US8NG T*E MARG8N AREA

T!e )ar in area per)its a (ery intuiti(e tra(ersal of !yper lin7s.
S&itc! on t!e )ar in area. 8f needed+ open up t!e properties conte6t )enu in t!e )ar in area and select ?,WECT TI4ES 5 *I4ERAL8NRS. 'ou%leAclic7 a !yperlin7 displayed in t!e )ar in. T!e Buotation to t!e left of t!e )ar in area is !i !li !ted and a popAup &indo& displays t!e !yperlin7Os contents.
0i ure $2/. Tra(ersin !yperlin7s
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To display t!e !yperlin7 in conte6t+ clic7 into t!e popAup &indo&. Clic7in outside t!e popAup &indo& cancels t!e process. Iou can also use t!e s!ortAcut Ctrl _ dou%leAclic7 to i))ediately @u)p to t!e lin7ed Buotation.
Useful ?ptions 0or *yperlin7s And 2uotations 8n T!e Net&or7 -ie& Editor
To )o(e to t!e te6t of a Buotation t!at appears in a net&or7+ ri !t clic7 o(er t!e Buotation node and c!oose '8S4LAI 8N C?NTEET. Iou are )o(ed to t!e section of t!e 4ri)ary 'ocu)ent &!ere t!e Buotation resides. T? 8M4?RT T*E NE8G*,?RS ?0 A 2U?TAT8?N
Re)o(e all recently i)ported o%@ects &it! CTRL_S*80T_V
T!e Net&or7 Editor lets you i)port t!e nei !%ors of selected nodes %y c!oosin 8M4?RT NE8G*,?RS fro) t!e Net&or7 EditorOs N?'E )enu 1see description in section G8)port Node Nei !%orsH on pa e $$13. 8)portin t!e nei !%ors of a Buotation+ t!at is part of a !yperte6t+ not only retrie(es lin7ed o%@ects of type KBuotationsK %ut also yields all codes+ )e)os and ot!er Buotations directly connected to it. To reduce clutter %y only i)portin nei !%ors t!at are Buotations+ and not codes+ )e)os or docu)ents+ !old do&n t!e CTRL 7ey &!en selectin t!e option fro) t!e Net&or7 EditorOs )enu. 8f you &ant t!e nei !%ors of only one Buotation i)ported+ open t!e conte6t )enu of t!is Buotation and c!oose 8M4?RT NE8G*,?RS.
T!e *yperALin7 Mana er

T!e *yperALin7 Mana er &or7s e6actly li7e t!e CodeALin7 Mana er+ only t!at it is populated %y !yperlin7s.
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0i ure $$#. *yperlin7 Mana er
:!en dou%le clic7in a lin7 a popAup )enu is s!o&n. Iou can c!oose to display t!e source or tar et Buotation. T!e content of t!e lin7ed Buotation is t!en s!o&n in a pale yello& &indo&. 8f you clic7 into t!is &indo&+ t!e lin7ed Buotation is s!o&n in conte6t. Use t!e EML E6plorer to create a report of your !yperlin7s 1see G:or7in &it! Style S!eetsG on pa e $//.
CREAT8NG NE: RELAT8?NS 0?R *I4ERL8NRS T!e Relation Editor !as already %een discussed in t!e conte6t of codeAcode lin7s 1see GT!e Relation EditorsG on pa e $<23. T!e relation editor &indo& for !yperlin7s loo7s t!e sa)e and can %e !andled in t!e sa)e &ay as t!e relation editor for codeAcode relations. 8t only displays a different set of relations. To open it+ select NET:?RRS 5 E'8T RELEAT8?NS 5 *I4ERL8NR RELAT8?NS fro) t!e )ain )enu.
Editin *yperlin7 Co))ents

Use t!e )ar in area to display and edit lin7 co))ents.
T!e lin7s %et&een Buotations use fully Bualified relations+ li7e t!e lin7s %et&een codes and unli7e t!e si)ple association %et&een a code and a Buotation. As GfirstAclassH o%@ects+ t!ese lin7s can %e assi ned a dedicated co))ent. Suc! a co))ent could e6plain &!y Buotation A !as %een lin7ed to Buotation ,. Lin7 co))ents can %e accessed+ displayed and edited fro) t!ree locations. t!e )ar in area+ t!e *yperlin7 Mana er and t!e Net&or7 Editor. T!e )ar in area !as t!e ad(anta e t!at it is readily a(aila%le durin scrollin t!rou ! t!e pri)ary docu)ents. T!e Net&or7 Editor )et!od offers a (isual approac! to acco)plis!in t!is oal. Create a net&or7 (ie& of t!e !yperte6t nodes to facilitate t!is process.
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T? E'8T A *I4ERTEET L8NR C?MMENT US8NG T*E MARG8N AREA S&itc! t!e )ar in area on. 8f not already selected+ open up t!e properties conte6t )enu in t!e )ar in area and select ?,WECT TI4ES 5 *I4ERL8NRS. 4opAup t!e conte6t )enu for a !yper lin7 displayed in t!e )ar in. T!e Buotation inside t!e pri)ary docu)ent pane is !i !li !ted at t!e sa)e ti)e. C!oose E'8T L8NR C?MMENT.
0i ure $$1. Co))entin on a lin7
T? E'8T A *I4ERTEET L8NR C?MMENT US8NG T*E *I4ERL8NR MANAGER ?pen t!e *yperlin7 Mana er (ia NET:?RRS 5 *I4ERAL8NR MANAGER fro) t!e *U EditorLs )ain )enu. Select a !yperlin7. Edit t!e co))ent in te6t pane %elo& t!e lin7 list+ or open a te6t editor %y clic7in t!e Editor %utton.
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0i ure $$2. :ritin + (ie&in or editin a !yperlin7 co))ent in t!e *yperlin7 Mana er
T? E'8T A *I4ERTEET L8NR C?MMENT US8NG T*E NET:?RR E'8T?R ?pen a Net&or7 Editor on a Buotation esta%lis!in one end of t!e !yperte6t lin7. Mo(e t!e )ouse pointer onto t!e lin7 %et&een t&o Buotations and open t!e conte6t )enu &it! a ri !t )ouse %utton clic7. C!oose E'8T C?MMENT.
0i ure $$$. Editin a !yperlin7 co))ent in a net&or7 (ie& editor
S4EC8AL T??LS
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Special Tools
8n t!is c!apter a collection of )iscellaneous tools is presented t!at do not fit &ell under any of t!e ot!er cate ories. 8ncluded are tools for perfor)in &ord searc!es in all o%@ects and fields+ for e6plorin t!e co)ponents of a *U in a !ierarc!ically )anner+ and for re)o(in redundantly coded Buotations.
T!e ?%@ect Cra&ler

Use t!e ?%@ect Cra&ler to searc! for te6t and patterns in *Us+ 4's+ and all ot!er entities t!at )a7e up an *U. T!e searc! can %e restricted to certain facets+ li7e na)e+ aut!or+ date+ co))ents+ and content. Re ular e6pressions 1GRE43 as &ell as Cate ory Searc! can %e used as searc! e6pressions 1see GGRE4 Searc!H on pa e 21= and GCate ory Searc!H on pa e 2123. Unli7e t!e Te6t Searc! tool+ t!e ?%@ect Cra&ler can searc! t!rou ! all o%@ects and fields t!at contain te6t. T!e Te6t Searc! tool only searc!es pri)ary te6t docu)ents. *o&e(er+ it finds all occurrences of t!e entered searc! ter)1s3 and !i !li !ts a )atc! at its ori inal location. T!e ?%@ect Cra&ler stops at t!e first occurrence in an o%@ect and !i !li !ts t!e !it in t!e results pane of t!e ?%@ect Cra&ler &indo&.
*o& To Use T!e Cra&ler

A Cra&ler searc! is a t!reeAstep procedure startin &it! enterin a Buery and specifyin t!e scope 1e. .+ na)e+ co))ent+ etc3+ and t!en selectin t!e o%@ect classes to %e included in t!e searc! and+ as t!e t!ird step+ displayin t!e results. 0ro) t!e )ain )enu+ select T??LS 5 ?,WECT CRA:LER+ or clic7 t!e ?%@ect Cra&ler %utton in t!e )ain tool%ar. T!e ?%@ect Cra&ler dialo starts &it! a pa e to enter t!e Buery and specify t!e scope.
S4EC8AL T??LS
$;7
0i ure $$<. 0irst step in definin a Buery in t!e ?%@ect Cra&ler
Enter a Buery. Re ular e6pressions and searc! s&ar)s can %e used 1see GGRE4 Searc!H on pa e 21= and GCate ory Searc!H on pa e 2123 Select t!e fields t!at s!ould %e searc!+ t!e so called Searc! Scope. Clic7 t!e Select ?%@ects ta% to proceed to t!e ne6t step.
0i ure $$=. Step 2. Select t!e o%@ects to %e searc!ed
Select t!e o%@ects to %e included in t!e searc!. Clic7in All o%@ects c!ec7s all ot!er c!ec7 %o6es. 4roceed &it! t!e ne6t and last step %y clic7in t!e 'isplay Results ta%. All o%@ects for &!ic! a correspondin )atc! !as %een found are displayed in t!e upper list pane. T!e 0ield colu)n displays t!e o%@ect type in &!ic! t!e )atc! appeared. T!e selected !it F a 4' A in t!e fi ure %elo& !ad its )atc! &it!in t!e content of t!e 4'. T!e !it itself is e)p!asiDed %y redAcolored font and &it! an le %rac7ets for easy detection.
S4EC8AL T??LS
$;>
0i ure $$;. T!e ?%@ect Cra&lerOs result pane
T!e results list can indeed %e used li7e an ?%@ect Mana er in a (ariety of &ays. 'ou%leAclic7in a !it in t!e results list acti(ates t!e o%@ect. 0or instance+ dou%leA clic7in a Buotation displays it in conte6t in t!e 4' pane. T!e list is also dra C drop capa%le. you can dra o%@ects fro) t!e list into a Net&or7 Editor or into a Te6t Editor.
T!e *U E6plorer
Alt!ou ! t!e structures t!at can %e created &it! ATLAS.ti are not necessarily restricted to !ierarc!ical trees+ t!e ATLAS.ti *U E6plorer pro(ides a !ierarc!ical (ie& of t!e *U and all of t!e o%@ects t!at it references. All o%@ects can %e (ie&ed in t!e ?%@ect E6plorer. More specific (ie&s are pro(ided %y t!e Code Tree+ T!e Code 0orest and t!e Cooccurence E6plorer. Main purpose of t!e *U E6plorer is to ser(e as a !ierarc!ical content ta%le+ &!ic! )ay %e used to na(i ate %et&een t!e different parts of t!e *U. Unli7e t!e GpureH ?%@ect Mana ers t!at display only one type of o%@ect+ t!e *U E6plorer allo&s an inte rated and structured display of all !etero eneous o%@ects t!at )a7e up an *U. T!ese are 4's+ Buotations+ codes+ )e)os+ fa)ilies+ and net&or7s. T!e display+ t!ou !+ is not strictly !ierarc!ical. Iou &ill notice so)e redundancy &!en e6pandin t!e tree (ie&. 0or instance+ Buotations are listed under eac! 4'. As 4's can also %e )e)%ers of 4' fa)ilies+ t!eir Buotations appear t!ere as &ell.
T!e *U E6plorer can %e launc!ed %y clic7in on t!e *U E6plorer %utton in t!e )ain tool%ar or %y selectin T??LS 5 *U EE4L?RER fro) t!e )ain )enu. Iou can select a)on four options.
S4EC8AL T??LS
$;/
0i ure $$7. *U E6plorer options
T!e Code 0orest and Code Tree 1see pa e $7<3 are su% (ie&s of t!e ?%@ect E6plorer and t!us are not e6plained in t!e sa)e detail. ,ot! allo& dra AandA drop codin . See GUsin t!e *U E6plorer for Codin G on pa e $72. As t!e code tree pro(ides a !ierarc!ical (ie& of one code only+ t!e Code Tree can only %e opened if a code is selected. Iou find )ore detail on t!e Coocurence E6plorer in t!e section GT!e CoA occurrence Tree E6plorerG on pa e 2/#.
T!e ?%@ect E6plorer

T!e upper pane displays t!e treeAstructured contents of t!e *U. T!e te6t pane %elo& displays t!e co))ent t!at is associated &it! t!e acti(ated o%@ect. T!e root o%@ect of t!e tree is+ of course+ t!e *U itself. T!e direct %ranc!es fro) t!is root are. 4ri)ary 'ocs+ Codes+ Me)os+ 4ri)ary 'oc 0a)ilies+ Code 0a)ilies+ Me)o 0a)ilies+ and Net&or7 -ie&s.
0i ure $$>. T!e ?%@ect E6plorer
S4EC8AL T??LS
$7#
E6pandin And Collapsin ,ranc!es

Iou can e6pand and collapse t!e %ranc!es of t!e *U E6plorer tree. 8f a %ranc! can %e e6panded+ a plus si n is displayed to t!e left of t!e o%@ect+ unless t!is is s&itc!ed off (ia -8E:S 5 *AS ,UTT?NS. E6panded %ranc!es are indicated %y a )inus si n. Iou can e6pand or collapse a %ranc! &it! a )ouse clic7 on t!e plus or )inus si n. ,elo& a partly e6panded %ranc! for a net&or7 (ie& is s!o&n.
0i ure $$/. 4artly e6panded %ranc!es for a net&or7 (ie&
E6pandin t!e 4ri)ary 'ocs %ranc! displays t!e 4's9 e6pandin t!is %ranc! displays Buotations+ e6pandin t!ose displays codes+ )e)os+ and ot!er associated Buotations. E6pandin t!e Codes %ranc! displays all codes and t!eir connections to ot!er codes. 0ollo&in t!e code na)es+ t!e se)antic relation connectin t!e code &it! its parent code is s!o&n. Eac! code appears at least once. T!is )eans t!at all codes are listed directly under t!e GCodesH %ranc!+ %ut )ay also appear furt!er do&n in t!e !ierarc!y if t!ey are connected to ot!er codes. T!e order in t!e !ierarc!y is deter)ined %y t!e 7ind of relation you !a(e used. 8f a directed+ i. e. a transiti(e relation li7e t!e Sis part ofT relation &as applied+ codes are displayed !ierarc!ically. t!e tar et code %eco)es t!e !i !er order code and t!e source code1s3 t!e lo&er order code1s3.
S4EC8AL T??LS
$71
0i ure $<#. 'isplay of codes t!at are lin7ed (ia transiti(e relations
:!en usin sy))etric relations+ t!e codes appear in at least t&o places since t!e direction5causal relation cannot %e deter)ined.
0i ure $<1. 'isplay of codes t!at are lin7ed (ia sy))etric or asy))etric relations
Associated )e)os 1if applica%le3 are displayed under t!e code %ranc!. E6pandin Super Codes allo&s access to t!e (arious parts of a Buery. ,elo& you can see t!e e6panded %ranc! for t!e Super Code Gna)e of suspect. Co!en F Reasons for %ein suspectedH 1see fi ure $<23. :!en dou%leAclic7in on t!e entry CoAoccur+ t!e t&o codes t!at are part of t!e Buery are displayed. Clic7in t!e plus si n to e6pand t!e tree s!o&s all associated codes. t!e si6 codes t!at &ere lin7ed to t!e code ]na)e of suspect. Co!enH and t!e ei !t )e)%er codes of t!e code fa)ily GReason for %ein suspectedH.
0i ure $<2. 'isplay of super codes
E6pandin t!e Me)os %ranc! displays all )e)os and t!en t!e )e)os associated &it! ot!er )e)os. ?n t!e ne6t le(el+ all associated codes are s!o&n. :!en e6pandin t!e 0a)ily %ranc!es+ on t!e first le(el all e6istin fa)ilies are s!o&n. ?n t!e ne6t le(el+ all )e)%ers are displayed. ,elo& t!e )e)%ers+ all o%@ects t!at are usually associated &it! t!e type of o%@ect can %e e6panded 1i. e.+ as descri%ed a%o(e. Buotations underneat! 4's+ codes connected to ot!er codes+ and so on3.
S4EC8AL T??LS
$72
8n case you !a(e created Super 0a)ilies+ t!e operators used to %uild up t!e super fa)ilies are also s!o&n. :!en clic7in on an operator+ only t!e correspondin fa)ily )e)%ers are s!o&n+ as e6plained a%o(e for Super Codes. E6pandin t!e Net&or7 -ie&s %ranc! s!o&s t!e e6istin net&or7s on t!e first le(el+ and all o%@ects contained in t!e Net&or7 -ie&s on t!e ne6t le(el. ?n t!e le(els %elo&+ t!e usual ele)ents as descri%ed a%o(e for t!e 4ri)ary 'ocs+ Codes+ and Me)os %ranc!es can %e )ade (isi%le. All codes displayed in t!e *U E6plorer can %e used for dra C drop codin . 4's+ codes+ and )e)os can %e dra ed into fa)ily )ana ers and assi ned to fa)ilies.
'ou%leAclic7 Actions
'ou%leAclic7in t!e entries launc!es t!e respecti(e ?%@ect Mana ers. T!ese are t!e ?%@ect Mana ers for 4's+ codes+ and )e)os9 t!e 0a)ily Mana ers for 4's+ codes+ and )e)o fa)ilies9 and t!e Net&or7 -ie& Mana er for Net&or7 -ie&s. :!en dou%leAclic7in on a 4'+ its co))ent is displayed. :!en dou%leAclic7in on a Buotation+ it is !i !li !ted in conte6t. :!en dou%leAclic7in on a code+ a list of Buotations pops up. 8f only one Buotation is associated &it! t!e code+ it is !i !li !ted in conte6t. :!en dou%leAclic7in on a )e)o+ its content is displayed.
Usin T!e *U E6plorer 0or Codin

'ra C drop codin &or7s fro) &it!in t!e ?%@ect+ Code and Tree E6plorer. 8n t!e ?%@ect E6plorer+ you can use t!e codes under t!e Codes tree or under t!e Code 0a)ilies tree. T!is &ay you can utiliDe t!e structure you !a(e created (ia codeAcode relations 1see pa e $1/+ or (ia code fa)ilies 1see pa e 2<#3.
Rena)in ?%@ects
All o%@ects+ e6cludin t!e topAle(el entries li7e t!e na)e of t!e *U+ t!e container entries G4ri)ary 'ocsH+ GCodesH+ GMe)osH+ etc.+ can %e rena)ed usin t!e GinAplaceH tec!niBue. T!is tec!niBue is also used %y :indo&s E6plorer and ot!er :indo&s file dialo %o6es to rena)e files and directories.
Conte6t Menus ?f ?%@ects

Eac! o%@ect in t!e *U E6plorer !as a conte6t )enu. T!ese )enus can %e accessed in t!e usual )anner &it! a ri !t )ouse clic7. T!is selects t!e o%@ect+ if
S4EC8AL T??LS
$7$
not already selected+ and opens t!e conte6t )enu+ &!ic! offers a fe& selected
0i ure $<$. Conte6t )enu of net&or7 (ie&s in t!e *U E6plorer
o%@ectAspecific operations. *U. Re(ie& a s!ort infor)ation and statistics a%out your pro@ect. Edit t!e *UOs co))ent or create 5 install a copy %undle file 1see GCopy ,undle F Mi ratin and ,ac7in Up 4ro@ectsG on pa e 12/3. 4's 5 Codes 5 Me)os. ?pen t!e o%@ect )ana er or e6pand to t!e respecti(e o%@ect le(el. 4's 5 Codes 5 Me)os. ?pen t!e o%@ect )ana er or e6pand to t!e respecti(e o%@ect le(el. 4'+ Code+ Me)o 0a)ilies. ?pen t!e fa)ily )ana er to e6pand to t!e fa)ily or )e)%er le(el. Net&or7 -ie&s. ?pen t!e net&or7 (ie& )ana er or e6pand to t!e net&or7 or node le(el.
'isplayin And Editin Co))ents

To edit an o%@ectLs co))ent+ Select an o%@ect and edit t!e co))ent t!at appears in t!e te6t pane. Sa(e c!an es %y openin t!e conte6t )enu inside t!e te6t area and c!oose ACCE4T.
T!e -ie& Menu

T!e ite)s offered %y t!e -ie& )enu let you c!an e t!e font 1useful %efore capturin screen s!ots for presentations3+ t!e display of o%@ectAspecific ite)s+ t!e len t! of t!e tree indentation+ t!e presence of t!e collapse5e6pand %uttons+ t!e display of t!e o%@ectOs icons+ and t!e co))ent area 1Voo) List3. Iou can also disa%le t!e inAplace editin capa%ility.
S4EC8AL T??LS
$7<
0i ure $<<. -ie& )enu
Code Trees C 0orests

Special *U E6plorers can %e in(o7ed to display codes only. Iou can open t!e) (ia t!e *U E6plorer %utton in t!e )ain )enu 1see Error. Reference source not found on pa e Error. Reference source not found3+ or (ia t!e follo&in )enus. Select a code+ e. .+ in t!e Code Mana er. 0ro) t!e C?'ES 5 M8SCELLANE?US )enu+ c!oose C?'E TREE. To display all root codes &it! t!eir trees and %ranc!es+ Select a code. C!oose C?'ES 5 M8SCELLANE?US 5 C?'E 0?REST. T!e rules and procedures descri%ed a%o(e for codes in t!e ?%@ect E6plorer apply !ere as &ell 1see GT!e ?%@ect E6plorerH on pa e $;>3. Codes displayed in code trees and forests can %e used for dra C drop codin . T!is is a preferred alternati(e for users &!o li7e to &or7 &it! !ierarc!icallyA ordered codin sc!e)es.
Redundant Codin AnalyDer

T!is procedure identifies o(erlappin or e)%edded Buotations t!at are associated &it! t!e sa)e code. Suc! Gcodin sH AA possi%ly indicatin redundancy AA can result fro) nor)al codin %ut )ay occur unnoticed durin a )er e procedure. Iou )i !t not need or &ant to correct redundant codin s+ %ut t!ese occurrences )ay %e indicati(e of )et!odolo ical issues in your analysis.
T!e Redundant Codin AnalyDer Screen

T!e Codin AnalyDer finds codes &it! redundant codin s and offers appropriate procedures.
S4EC8AL T??LS
$7=
To open t!e tool+ select T??LS 5 RE'UN'ANT C?'8NG ANALIVER fro) t!e *U editorOs )ain )enu.
0i ure $<=. T!e Redundant Codin AnalyDer
T!e upper pane displays a list of codes referencin o(erlappin Buotations. Clic7in on a code displays t!e conflictin Buotations pair &ise. 'ou%leAclic7in on a listed Buotation displays it in conte6t. T!e upper pane lists all codes for &!ic! redundant codin s &ere found. T!e Redundancy colu)n displays t!e nu)%er of pairs of redundant Buotations found for t!e codes. 8f you select one of t!e codes+ t!e redundant Buotations are listed in pairs in t!e t&o lo&er panes. 'ou%leAclic7in on t!e listed Buotations displays and !i !li !ts t!e) in conte6t. ,ecause of t!is+ you can c!ec7 t!e) in conte6t and decide !o& to proceed. T!e fi ure %elo& illustrates a typical redundant codin .
S4EC8AL T??LS
$7;
0i ure $<;. A typical redundant codin
T!ree procedures to !andle a redundant codin are offered. !nlin- detac!es t!e selected code fro) t!e Buotation selected in one of t!e Buotation panes. T!is )et!od is t!e least Gdestructi(eH of t!e a(aila%le options. Remo3e deletes t!e selected Buotation. $erge )elts t!e Buotation in t!e ri !t pane into t!e Buotation selected in t!e left pane. All references to and fro) t!e )er ed Buotation is Kin!eritedK %y t!e ot!er. 8f t!e t&o Buotations o(erlap+ t!e resultin Buotation includes all data fro) %ot! Buotations. ,ot! Buotation panes !a(e a GConnecti(ityH colu)n t!at s!o&s t!e nu)%er of connections 1to codes+ Buotations+ and )e)os3 for t!e selected Buotation. T!e connecti(ity counter pro(ides an additional clue a%out t!e ne6t step. A Buotation &it! less connections )i !t %e less painful to re)o(e. 8f you see a Buotation listed )ore t!an once in one of t!e Buotation list panes+ it )eans t!at t!ree or )ore Buotations are in(ol(ed in a redundant codin . Iou &ill notice+ t!at )er in one pair of Buotations )ay !a(e t!e effect t!at ot!er pairs are re)o(ed fro) t!e list as &ell+ as t!e redundancy assertion does not !old any lon er for t!e re)ainin pairs of Buotations for t!is code.
Unlin7in + Re)o(in ?r Mer in A Redundantly Coded 2uotation

Select a code in t!e upper pane. All pairs of redundantly coded Buotations are t!en displayed in t!e t&o lo&er panes. 'ou%leAclic7 on t!e Buotations of a pair to inspect t!e) in conte6t. 'ecide &!et!er you &ant to unlin7 or re)o(e one of t!e t&o Buotations+ or &!et!er you &ant to )er e t!e). To unlin7 a Buotation clic7 t!e UNL8NR %utton %elo& t!e appropriate list pane. T!e effect and alternati(e procedures of unlin7in codes is descri%ed in furt!er detail in GUnlin7in CodesH on pa e 2#<.
S4EC8AL T??LS
$77
To re)o(e a Buotation clic7 t!e REM?-E %utton %elo& t!e appropriate list pane. To )er e t!e pair of Buotations+ clic7 t!e MERGE %utton. Note t!at t!e Buotations re)o(ed %y t!is procedure cease to e6ist inside t!e *er)eneutic Unit.
S?RT8NG AN' 08LTER8NG
$7>
Sortin And 0ilterin
T!e )ain stren t!s of a co)puter clearly lie in sortin and retrie(in data. 0or suc! tec!niBues to %e deployed successfully+ !o&e(er+ t!e data itself )ust !a(e attri%utes %y &!ic! it can %e )eanin fully ordered and filtered. A (ariety of attri%utes can %e used for filterin and sortin data. Many entities &it!in an *U can %e filtered+ for e6a)ple+ pri)ary docu)ents+ codes+ )e)os+ and Buotations. Sortin and filterin pri)ary docu)ents+ codes+ )e)os+ and Buotations can !elp you ain deeper insi !t into your data. Sortin and filterin can %e accessed (ia t!e *U editorOs )enu or t!e ?%@ect Mana ersL )enus. T!e colu)ns in t!e ?%@ect Mana ersL report (ie&s )ay also %e used for sortin . So)e options for sortin and filterin are co))on to all o%@ects+ &!ile ot!ers are dependent on t!e o%@ectLs type.
Sortin
Sortin is a(aila%le (ia t!e ?%@ect Mana ersL colu)ns and t!e )ain )enus of t!e *U Editor and t!e Mana ers.
Sortin 8n ?%@ect Mana ers

Clic7 t!e !eader to sort t!e ite)s. Clic7 a ain to re(erse t!e sort.
Sortin is con(eniently a(aila%le in all ?%@ect Mana ers (ia t!e list !eaders &!ile in details (ie&. clic7in on a !eader G%uttonH sorts t!e list in eit!er ascendin or descendin order.
$7/
0i ure $<7. Sortin (ia t!e colu)ns in o%@ect )ana ers
T!e colu)n used for sortin is displayed in a dar7er s!ade. T!e sort direction is (isualiDed %y an arro& in t!e !eader. 8n four field of t!e status %ar+ t!e sort criterion is displayed. A dou%leAclic7 on t!e status %arLs sort field refres!es t!e current sort. T!is is a useful option %ecause ne&ly added o%@ects are appended to t!e end of t!e list re ardless of t!eir correct position in t!e sorted seBuence.
Sortin -ia T!e Menus

T!e Sort )enu option is a(aila%le in t!e o%@ect )enus of t!e *U Editor 1'ocu)ents+ 2uotations+ Codes+ and Me)os3 and fro) t!e correspondin Mana erLs )enu.
0i ure $<>. Sort )enu for docu)ents
T!e fi ure %elo& s!o&s t!e Sort )enu for docu)ents &it! t!e current sort criterion set to 8' 1&!ic! is also t!e default3.
$>#
8n ?%@ect Mana ers+ t!e currently selected sort criterion is also displayed in t!e status %ar. After ne& ite)s are added to t!e list+ refres! t!e sort &it! a dou%leA clic7 on t!e status paneLs sort field.
?(er(ie& ?f Sort ?ptions

T!e follo&in descri%es t!e sort options in )ore detail. 'efault sort order. ' N descendin + A N ascendin .
4ort criterion
%ntity type
Description
4ort order
Na)e Aut!or Created Modified 'ensity
4's+ Buotes+ codes+ )e)os 4's+ Buotes+ codes+ )e)os 4's+ Buotes+ codes+ )e)os 4's+ Buotes+ codes+ )e)os Buotes+ codes+ )e)os
Entity na)e 1strin 3 Aut!orLs na)e 1strin 3 Creation date A or date of assi n)ent for 4's. 1date5ti)e3 Modification date 1date5ti)e3 2uotes+ codes. nu)%er of lin7s to o%@ects of t!e sa)e type Me)os. nu)%er of lin7s to all associated o%@ects 1i. e.+ Buotes+ codes+ and ot!er )e)os3
A A ' ' A
Grounded 8' SiDe Me)os. siDe of te6t Media 2uotations Usa%le ?ri in Location Start Type 4's 0a)ilies
codes+ )e)os 4's+ Buotes Buotes+ )e)os A 4's 4's 4's 4's 4's 2uotes Me)os Me)os 4's+ codes+ )e)os
Nu)%er of associated Buotations. T!e syste) enerated 8' 1nu)%er3 2uotations. nu)%er of lines5para rap!s
A A
Media type 1i. e.+ audio+ i)a e+ ric! te6t+ te6t+ (ideo3 Nu)%er of Buotations for t!e pri)ary docu)ent. Usa%ility of t!e pri)ary docu)ent ?ri in of data source 1alp!a%etically3 Redirected pat! 1if used3 T!e BuotationsL start position Me)o type 1strin 3 Nu)%er of 4's usin t!e )e)o as t!eir data source 1if any3. ,y fa)ilies in alp!a%etic order
A ' ' A A A A A A
$>1
0ilterin
T!e status %ar of all ?%@ect Mana ers displays t!e current filter and sort settin . T!e default filter criterion is KAllK.
0i ure $</. 8ndication of filter settin and sort order in t!e status %ar of o%@ect )ana ers
8t is possi%le to co)%ine filterin and sortin 1e. .+ all KfreeK codes sorted %y t!e ti)e of t!eir creation3. T!e filter options are a(aila%le in t!e o%@ect )enus of t!e *U Editor 1'ocu)ents+ 2uotations+ Codes+ and Me)os3 and fro) t!e correspondin Mana erLs )enu. T!e filter field in t!e status %ar offers a fe& additional options li7e re(ersin or re)o(in t!e filter. :!en a filter is acti(e+ t!e %ac7 round color of t!e affected lists and ?%@ect Mana ers c!an es. T!e fi ure %elo& s!o&s t!e 0ilter )enu for codes &it! t!e current filter set to All 1&!ic! is also t!e default3.
0i ure $=#. A(aila%le filters for codes
After settin a filter+ t!e %ac7 round color of t!e affected ?%@ect Mana er and dropAdo&n list c!an es. Iou can )odify t!is color %y c!an in t!e 2uic78nfo color (ia :indo&s display preferences. 8n t!e fi ure %elo&+ t!e filter is set to abstract codes and t!e 2uic78nfo color is set to a dar7er yello& 1under :indo&s preferences3. T!e default color is pale yello& and dependin on your co)puter screen+ it )ay %e difficult to see.
$>2
0i ure $=1. Code Mana er &it! acti(e filter
0ilters affect a nu)%er of procedures
Most operations 1e. .+ display+ printin + e6port3 on sets of o%@ects include only t!e currently filtered set. 0or t!is reason+ if a filter &as set for Buotations+ t!e output of GallH Buotations &ould %e restricted to t!e Buotations currently present in t!e 2uotation Mana er. Net&or7 -ie&s are not affected %y filter settin s and display all o%@ects at all ti)es. T!e )ar in area s!o&s only t!e filtered o%@ects. An o(er(ie& of all filter options for all o%@ect types is pro(ided %elo&.
?(er(ie& ?f 0ilter ?ptions

'ption %ntity type Description incrementally with immediate feedbac- after
All 4attern ?nly todayLs ?nly )ine CoAAut!ors 0a)ilies 0ree
4's+ Buotes+ codes+ )e)os 4's+ Buotes+ codes+ )e)os 4's+ Buotes+ codes+ )e)os 4's+ Buotes+ codes+ )e)os 4's+ Buotes+ codes+ )e)os 4's+ Buotes+ codes+ )e)os 4's+ Buotes+ codes+ )e)os
All o%@ects are displayed 1filter off3 ?%@ects )atc!in t!e entered searc! pattern ?%@ects created today ?%@ects created %y t!e current user ?%@ects created %y any of t!e selected coAaut!ors ?%@ects %elon in to a fa)ily ?%@ects t!at do no reference any ot!er o%@ects
$>$
Co))ented Selected 4' 4'AMe)o Te6t Ric! Te6t 1file3 Grap!ic Audio -ideo Uses Mappin Rena)ed *yperAlin7ed Selected code A%stract codes Current Buotation Super Types
4's+ Buotes+ codes Buotes+ codes+ )e)os 4's 4's 4's 4's 4's 4's 4's 2uotes 2uotes 4'+ 2uotes Codes Codes
?%@ects %earin a co))ent ?%@ects referrin or %elon in to t!e currently selected pri)ary docu)ent Me)o used as pri)ary docu)ent data sources Te6tual pri)ary docu)ents 1plain and Ric! Te6t3 RT0 encoded pri)ary docu)ents Grap!ical pri)ary docu)ents Audio pri)ary docu)ents -ideo pri)ary docu)ents Redirected pri)ary docu)ents Rena)ed Buotations 2uotations lin7ed to ot!er Buotations 2uotations coded &it! t!e currently selected code Codes &it!out Buotations. Less selecti(e t!an K0reeK 0ilters t!e list of codes and displays only t!ose lin7ed to t!e selected Buotation1s3 Super codes Me)os of a certain type
Codes Me)os
4attern Searc!es As 0ilter

Enter a GRE4 pattern to filter all o%@ects &it! na)es )atc!in t!is pattern. 0or e6a)ple+ if you !a(e used na)es prefi6ed &it! GATT.H for all codes !andlin GattitudesH+ t!e pattern GdATT.H &ould filter all t!ose codes 1t!e caret c!aracter d anc!ors t!e searc! at t!e %e innin of t!e na)e3. Enter GjZ.]j[H to filter all ite)s containin ar%itrary te6t in %rac7ets. An o(er(ie& of t!e a(aila%le GRE4 e6pressions is listed in t!e section GGRE4 Searc!H on pa e 21=.
To Re(erse A 0ilter
C!oosin To le 0ilter fro) t!e )enu or dou%leAclic7in t!e filter field re(erses t!e filter. T!e tilde sy)%ol ` indicates a ne ated filter in t!e status %ar. ,y re(ersin t!e codes filter \A%stract+L you can display all codes t!at are not \A%stractL. T!ese are all codes t!at do !a(e Buotations associated &it! t!e). 8n t!e filter field you see t!e entry O`A%stractO.
$><
0i ure $=2. Ne ate a filter %y dou%le clic7in on t!e status %ar
To Re)o(e ?r Reset 0ilters

4ress CTRL and dou%leAclic7 t!e filter field to re)o(e a filter.
To deacti(ate a filter eit!er select 08LTER. ALL fro) t!e )enu+ or dou%leAclic7 on t!e filter field &!ile !oldin do&n t!e CtrlA7ey+ or select T??LS 5 RESET
ALL
08LTERS fro) t!e )ain )enu.
0ilter ,y 0a)ilies 8n T!e 0a)ily Mana ers

:!en dou%leAclic7in a fa)ily in any of t!e 0a)ily Mana ers+ t!e correspondin o%@ects are filtered to t!e )e)%ers of t!e selected fa)ily. 'ou%leAclic7 a ain to re)o(e t!e filter.
Settin Local And Glo%al 0ilters 8n T!e Mana ersO Side 4anel
T!is option is descri%ed in t!e section GT!e Mana er Side 4anel G on pa e =2.
GENERAT8NG ?UT4UT
$>=
Generatin ?utput
T!is c!apter pro(ides an o(er(ie& of all output options t!at are a(aila%le &it!in ATLAS.ti. 8n addition+ so)e eneral procedures co))on to )ost output functions are e6plained. ATLAS.ti offers nu)erous options to create output and reports. Most output is te6tual+ %ut nu)eric or rap!ical output is also a(aila%le &!ere applica%le 1Net&or7 Editor3. Typical te6tual reports include sorted and filtered lists of o%@ects+ li7e code+ )e)os+ fa)ilies and Buotations. Co))ents can often %e included &!en needed. 0or te6tual pri)ary docu)ents a near &!atAyouAseeAisA&!atAyouA et 1:IS8:IG3 output is a(aila%le+ includin t!e annotations populatin t!e )ar in area. ?utput options are a(aila%le fro) t!e )enus of t!e tools+ e. .+ t!e *U EditorLs )enus+ t!e ?%@ect Mana erLs and *U E6plorerLs )enus. So)e tools offer an output %utton+ eit!er as t!e only option 1e. .+ t!e 2uery Tool3 or in addition to t!e )enus 1Code Mana er3. T!e tar et of an output is not necessarily restricted to t!e printer. Many of t!e te6tArelated report procedures allo& output to %e directed to a te6t editor+ t!e printer+ or a file. ?t!er 7inds of output are not necessarily intended to %e printed directly %ut are to %e processed %y ot!er applications+ li7e t!e S4SS e6port option+ se(eral E6cel co)pati%le outputs+ and *TML and EML e6port. Iou can find t!ose procedures in c!apter GE6port C 8)portH on pa e <#=.
?utput 'estinations
:!en creatin te6tual output or &!en creatin te6tA%ased e6ports+ t!e follo&in dialo is usually displayed in t!e course of t!e process. Iou can send output to.
GENERAT8NG ?UT4UT
$>;
0i ure $=$. Co))on output options
Editor. T!e output &ill %e displayed &it!in a te6t editor. T!is option is useful if )odifications are needed %efore actually sendin it to t!e printer or if you are unsure a%out t!e siDe of t!e result. 4rinter . 8f you select t!is option+ t!e output &ill %e printed 1t!e printer dialo &indo& opens &!ere you )ay select t!e desired print options3. 0ile. 8f you select t!is option+ t!e output &ill %e sa(ed to a file 1a sa(e file dialo opens3. 0ile C Run. 8f you select t!e last option t!e file dialo &indo& opens. After it !as %een sa(ed+ t!e file &ill %e opened %y t!e application re istered for its e6tension. 1e. .+ a CS- or 6ls file &ill %e opened in E6celc3.
Report Layout
Co))on *eader
:!en creatin te6tual reports+ a co))on !eader precedes t!e list of o%@ects 1e. .+ all codes or all Buotations for a selected code3. T!e !eader includes infor)ation a%out t!e 7ind of report 1GAll current BuotationsH3+ t!e *U 1na)e and file pat!3+ t!e current user+ t!e date and ti)e of t!e creation of t!e report and t!e current filter if any.
GENERAT8NG ?UT4UT
$>7
0i ure $=<. Report !eader infor)ation
Sorts C 0ilters
Many list reports are affected %y t!e currently acti(e filter for t!e reported o%@ects. 0or instance+ if t!e pri)ary docu)entLs filter is set to a specific fa)ily+ creatin a report of GAllH Buotations yields only t!ose Buotations for pri)ary docu)ents &it!in t!at specific fa)ily.
0i ure $==. ?utput of !yperAlin7ed Buotations
GENERAT8NG ?UT4UT
$>>
T!e fi ure a%o(e s!o&s t!e report enerated after settin t!e t!e Buotation filter to G*yperAlin7ed.H T!e Buotation filter is displayed in t!e !eader.
Restrictin ?utput To Selected ?%@ects

?utput options for selected o%@ects a(aila%le fro) t!e *U EditorLs )enus are restricted to a sin le o%@ect. 0or e6a)ple+ you can print one code at a ti)e. ?utput options &it!in t!e ?%@ect Mana er allo& you to select )ultiple o%@ects and output eac! of t!e) at t!e sa)e ti)e. 0or e6a)ple+ you can !i !li !t t!ree codes &it!in t!e Code Mana er and create a report t!at contains Buotations coded to eac! of t!e t!ree codes. Anot!er option to restrict output is to &or7 &it! filters. See GSortin and 0ilterin H on pa e $7>.
Creatin ?utput 0or T!e Main ?%@ects

Under t!e )ain )enu for eac! of t!e four )ain o%@ect types 1pri)ary docu)ents+ Buotations+ codes and )e)os3 you can find an output su%)enu. T!e correspondin o%@ect )ana ers contain eBui(alent output )enus. *o&e(er+ output options &it!in o%@ect )ana ers allo& for t!e selection of specific ite)s 1e. .+ a su%set of codes rat!er t!an all codes3 to %e included in t!e output. T!e output options for t!e four )ain o%@ect types are e6plained in detail %elo&.
T!e 14ri)ary3 'ocu)ents ?utput Su% Menu

T!e output su% )enu for pri)ary docu)ents
List
Generates a list of all pri)ary docu)ents in t!e *U. 8f any of t!e 4's !a(e a co))ent you are as7ed if t!ese are to %e printed as &ell.
*ierarc!y
4rints t!e selected 4'Ls Buotation nu)%ers and t!eir codes and )e)os in a !ierarc!ical )anner.
2uotations
4rints all Buotations %elon in to t!e selected pri)ary docu)ent.
4rint :it! Mar in

T!e 4rint &it! Mar in option creates a :IS8:IG printout of coded te6ts 1:!at Iou See 8s :!at Iou Get3. 8t also prints te6ts &it! t!eir para rap! nu)%ers. 8f you direct it to a 4'0 printer+ a 4'0 docu)ent is created.
GENERAT8NG ?UT4UT
$>/
4rint &it! Mar in is currently only a(aila%le for te6tual pri)ary docu)ents. T!e appearance of t!e printed te6t can %e controlled in t!ree places. -ia t!e 4' 4rintin ta% in t!e General 4references dialo 1see %elo& GSettin 4' 4rintin 4referencesG3. ,y t!e current display settin s in t!e *U Editor. T!e printout rese)%les t!e screen display at t!e ti)e of creatin t!e output. T!e )ar in or t!e nu)%erin is only included if currently displayed. ?nly t!ose )ar in o%@ects are included t!at &ere selected to %e displayed in t!e )ar in. ,y )o(in t!e splitter %ar t!e ratio %et&een docu)ent and )ar in area can %e controlled. To c!an e t!e type of o%@ects t!at are displayed and t!ey appearance+ e. . font siDe+ ri !t clic7 on a &!ite space in t!e )ar in area to open t!e conte6t )enu. T!e printin dialo under 08LE 5 4R8NTER SETU4. S&itc!in to landscape for densely populated )ar ins )ay i)pro(e results. C!oose to print t!e one or )ore pri)ary docu)ents or a selected te6t passa e only. SETT8NG 4' 4R8NT8NG 4RE0ERENCES 'ependin on t!e siDe and layout of your docu)ent+ t!e nu)%er of o%@ects in t!e )ar in and t!e fonts used in t!e docu)ent+ ad@ust)ents )ay %eco)e necessary. To set 4' 4rintin preferences+ select t!e )ain )enu option T??LS 5 GENERAL 4RE0ERENCES. T? 4R8NT A 4R8MARI '?CUMENT :8T* MARG8N Load t!e pri)ary docu)ent. 8f you do not &ant to print t!e entire 4'+ !i !li !t t!e section t!at you &ant to print. 8f you &ant to print se(eral 4's+ select t!ose you &ant to print in t!e 4' Mana er. S&itc! t!e &rap )ode to 4rinter (ia E'8T 5 :?R' :RA4 5 0?R 4R8NTER. Alt!ou ! printer &rap is ena%led any&ay &!en startin t!e print+ it is ad(isa%le to select t!is &rappin )ode in t!e first place to %etter @ud e t!e e6pected layout and a(oid surprises. T!e printed pa e is di(ided into Gcolu)nsH for t!e nu)%erin + t!e actual te6t and t!e )ar in area. Specify t!e ratio %et&een t!e space reser(ed for t!e te6t and t!e )ar in %y )o(in t!e splitter %ar to an appropriate position. 8t )i !t ta7e so)e e6peri)entation to arri(e at opti)al results for your printer. Select '?CUMENTS 5 ?UT4UT 5 4R8NT :8T* MARG8N fro) t!e )ain )enu. 8f you print se(eral 4's+ select out ?UT4UT 5 4R8NT :8T* MARG8N ?4T8?N fro) t!e 4' Mana erOs output )enu.
4rint selected parts of a docu)ent.
T!e printer dialo opens. 8f you !a(e )ade a selection 1e. .+ )anually or %y acti(atin a Buotation3 and &ant to restrict t!e output to t!is part of t!e docu)ent+ c!ec7 option G4rint SelectionH %efore clic7in t!e 4rint %utton. 8f you &ant to create a 4'0 docu)ent+ select a 4'0 &riter as printer. ?ur :IS8:IG of annotated docu)ents !as its li)its. 0or instance+ if you !a(e coded t!e docu)ent Buite densely+ &it! lots of o(erlappin Buotations and
GENERAT8NG ?UT4UT
$/#
)any )e)os and !yperAlin7s+ color is reco))ended for %est (isual discri)ination.
T!e 2uotations ?utput Su% Menu

Selected 2uotation
4rints t!e selected Buotation. 8n t!e 2uotation Mana er+ all selected Buotations are printed.
All 2uotations
4rints all current Buotations. 8f any of t!e Buotations !a(e a co))ent you are as7ed if t!ese are to %e included in t!e printout.
All 2uotations 1List3

4rints all current Buotations in a co)pact for)at includin only t!e Buotations 8' and display na)e. T!is is a suita%le option for audio+ (ideo+ i)a e and Goo leEart! docu)ents+ &!en you !a(e rena)ed t!e Buotations to ser(e as title. ,y default+ t!e Buotation na)e !as only $# c!aracters. Iou can increase it in t!e General 4references :indo& in t!e field. List na)e siDe for Buotes. 8f you do t!is after t!e Buotations !a(e already %een created+ you need to update all na)es (ia t!e option 2U?TAT8?NS 5 M8SCELLANE?US 5 U4'ATE NAMES.
0i ure $=;. 2uotation list output
GENERAT8NG ?UT4UT
$/1
Spea7 2uotation
Lean %ac7+ close your eyes+ and let ATLAS.ti read t!e Buotation to you. 1Currently t!is &or7s only for En lis! lan ua e te6t.3
T!e Codes ?utput Su% Menu

2uotations 0or Selected Code
4rints all Buotations for t!e selected code1s3. :!en Buotations are e6ported+ !eaders for indi(idual Buotations include references to ot!er codes 1and )e)os3 t!at are lin7ed to t!ose Buotations. T!is is also true for ot!er output options includin Buotations.
2uotation List
4rints a co)pact list of all Buotations for t!e selected code 1appearance as in OAll 2uotation 1list3O3.
8nclude Su% Ter)s

4rints all Buotations for t!e selected code+ includin all Buotations connected to any of t!e codes t!at are transiti(ely lin7ed to t!is code. T!is rese)%les a 2uery Tool created ter) usin t!e SU, operator 1see pa e 2;2 and pa e $223.
2uery Tool
?pens t!e 2uery Tool 1see pa e 2=>for details3.
Code List
4rints a list of codes accordin to t!e current sort settin .
Code *ierarc!y
4rints t!e !ierarc!y of codes as indented te6t. T!e !ierarc!y is not created auto)atically %y ATLAS.ti. 8t is %ased on t!e type of lin7s %et&een codes as defined %y t!e analyst 1see GTo create codeAcode and BuotationABuotation lin7s usin t!e ?%@ect Mana erG on pa e $22.
GENERAT8NG ?UT4UT
$/2
0i ure $=7. Code !ierarc!y %ased on t!e lin7s created %et&een codes
Codes Nei !%ors

Si)ilar to codes !ierarc!y %ut restricted to one !ierarc!y le(el. 4rints all current codes &it! only t!eir i))ediate code nei !%ors.
CodesA4ri)aryA'ocu)entsATa%le Su% Menu

4rints freBuency counts 1nu)%er of Buotations or su) of all &ords of t!e Buotations3 in for) of a ta%le. all current codes 16Aa6is3 %y pri)ary docu)ents 1yAa6is3. Iou )ay also e6port t!e ta%le to E6cel for furt!er processin or )ore fle6i%le reportin . T!is option is e6plained in detail in pa e GCodesA4ri)ary 'ocu)ents CrossATa%ulationG on pa e $#2.
2uotation References
4rints a list of codes includin t!e %oundaries of t!eir Buotations. Code co))ents can %e included.
All Codes :it! 2uotations

4rints all codes &it! a full report of t!eir Buotations. A ta%le %ased output can %e created usin an EML style s!eet 1see pa e $// %elo&3.
GENERAT8NG ?UT4UT
$/$
Codes :it! Co))ents 1Code ,oo73

Generates an output of all codes &it! co))ents includin creation and )odification date+ )e)%ers!ip in fa)ilies and nu)%er of Buotations referenced %y eac! code. An alternati(e option is to use t!e EML E6plorer to create a code %oo7+ see pa e $//.
CoAoccurin Codes
?utputs t!e results of t!e CoAoccurence E6plorer in rtf for)at 1see pa e 2/=3. Iou can c!oose to include t!e Buotation list or to output only t!e list of coA occurrin codes.
T!e ?utput 'ialo 1in T!e Code Mana er3

:!en clic7in t!e Code Mana er output %utton 1see left3+ a dialo opens to allo& you to select t!e c!aracteristics of your output.
0i ure $=>. Code ?utput 'ialo :indo&
Additional c!oices not a(aila%le as )enu options are t!e e6clusion or inclusion of !eader infor)ation and lin7 co))ents. ?NEAL8NER ?NLI corresponds to )enu option \2uotation ListL. TRA-ERSE L8NRS is t!e sa)e as )enu option \8nclude Su%ter)sL.
Reports 0or Code Co)%inations -ia T!e 2uery Tool

:!en clic7in on t!e printer %utton in t!e Buery tool+ you can print t!e list of Buotations resultin fro) your selected co)%inations of codes and code fa)ilies+ eit!er in full len t! or in list for)at. ,efore creatin t!e output+ selected Buotations can %e e6cluded 1see G?utputH on pa e 27#3.
GENERAT8NG ?UT4UT
$/<
0i ure $=/. 2uotation output e6cludin )eta infor)ation
A space and paper sa(in output is t!e Gno )etaH option.
0i ure $;#. ?utput usin No Meta. Sa(e space and paper
A source reference is pro(ided+ if you select t!is option+ %ut it only uses one line. 8t is displayed at t!e end of e(ery Buotation.
T!e Me)os ?utput Su% Menu

List ?f Me)os
4rints a list of t!e current )e)os. Iou are i(en t!e option of output &it! or &it!out t!e )e)o te6t.
GENERAT8NG ?UT4UT
$/=
Selected Me)o1s3
4rints t!e selected )e)o1s3.
Selected Me)o :it! 2uotations

4rints a selected )e)o includin all referenced Buotation1s3.
Spea7 Me)o
Lean %ac7+ close your eyes and let ATLAS.ti read t!e selected )e)o for your. Currently t!is &or7s only for En lis! lan ua e te6t.
0a)ily ?utput
:!en clic7in t!e output %utton in any of t!e t!ree fa)ily )ana ers+ a report is created &it! infor)ation associated &it! t!e selected fa)ily. na)e+ co))ent+ list of )e)%ers. :!en desired+ a report of all Buotations t!at are associated &it! any of t!e )e)%ers of t!e fa)ily is included.
?utput 0or CoAoccurence Tools

See Buantitati(e results of t!e CoAoccurrence Ta%le E6plorer+ i. e. freBuency of coAoccurence of t!e cAcoeffient+ can %e e6ported as E6cel co)pati%le file. To do t!is+ you find an E6cel e6port %utton in t!e tool %ar of t!e CoAoccurrence Ta%le E6plorer 1see pa e 2/;3. T!e Bualitati(e results+ i. e. t!e Buotation 8's and na)es of t!e coAoccurrin codes can %e e6ported as an rtf file. Iou find t!is option under C?'ES 5 ?UT4UT 5 C?A?CCUR8NG C?'ES.
?utput 0or Net&or7 -ie&s

Net&or7 -ie&s can %e sa(ed as eit!er :indo&s ,it)ap 1%)p3 or en!anced )eta 1e)f3 file. 8n a net&or7 (ie& editor select t!e option NET:?RR 5 SA-E AS GRA4*8C 08LE. A second option is to copy t!e entire or only parts of t!e net&or7 to t!e clip%oard and t!en paste it into anot!er application. :!en pastin + you need to select t!e Gpaste specialH option in order to paste t!e net&or7 (ie& as i)a e. 8f you select @ust t!e GpasteH option+ t!e net&or7 (ie& is pasted in te6t for). T!is is t!e eBui(alent to t!e code !ierarc!y output 1see pa e $/1 a%o(e3.
Creatin Reports :it! T!e EML Con(erter

EML+ t!e eEtensi%le Mar7up Lan ua e is a po&erful standard for infor)ation e6c!an e %et&een applications and !as %een used %y ATLAS.ti since release
GENERAT8NG ?UT4UT
$/;
<.2. EML is increasin ly used in any infor)ation tec!nolo y related do)ains. t!e )o%ile p!one &e% Glan ua eH :A4+ transcripts created %y open source transcription tool Transcri%er+ and Microsoft ?ffice all use or are %ased on EML. 8n case you donLt 7no& &!at EML is+ t!e s!ort e6planation is t!at EML+ si)ilar to *TML+ is a docu)ent )ar7up lan ua e. EML concentrates on structurin infor)ation. Structured infor)ation contains %ot! content 1actual &ords+ pictures+ etc.3 plus typically so)e indication of &!at role t!at content plays 1for e6a)ple+ te6t content inside a K!eadin K !as a different )eanin fro) content in a KfootnoteK+ content in a Kfi ure captionK differs fro) content in a Kdata%ase ta%leK+ etc.3. Al)ost all docu)ents !a(e so)e structure+ and a )ar7up lan ua e is a )ec!anis) to identify t!is structure in a docu)ent. T!e EML specification defines a standard &ay to add )ar7up to docu)ents.
'pen+D 5$L
0i ure $;1. EML is a uni(ersal data interc!an e for)at+ allo&in pro ra)s to e6c!an e data
8f you create an EML output file+ it can %e read %y ot!er applications t!at support EML. ?ne )ain ad(anta e is t!at t!e application can define autono)ously and co)pletely detac!ed fro) any display infor)ation contained in t!e docu)ent &!at parts of t!e structure are to %e displayed and &!at t!e display s!ould loo7 li7e. T!is is co))only ac!ie(ed &it! t!e !elp of soAcalled style s!eets. Style s!eets are a &ay of prescri%in !o& t!e content of your EML source file s!ould %e rendered. T!is can ran e fro) (ery si)ple layout co))ands 1Gs!o& all ele)ents of type E in redH3 to Buite co)ple6 pro ra))in lo ic 1Gcreate an entire &e%site in &!ic! eac! ele)ent of type E displays its su%Acontent on a sin le pa e+ alon &it! na(i ation+ layout+ interacti(e ele)entsH3. ATLAS.ti already co)es &it! a nu)%er of suc! style s!eets for you to use+ %ut also to e6plore and potentially to e6pand on %y copyin and e6tendin t!eir functionality for your specific purposes. ?nce you understand t!e principle+ you &ill see &!at an enor)ously po&erful and fle6i%le tool !as %een put at your disposal &it! t!ese little pro ra)s. All style s!eets are &ritten in ESLT+ a special lan ua e desi ned for transfor)in EML content and )aintained %y t!e :orld :ide :e% Consortiu) 1G:$CH3. See also. !ttp.55&&&.atlasti.co)56)l.!t)l
GENERAT8NG ?UT4UT
$/7
EML -s. *TML. A Little Tec! Tal7

EML is s!ort for eEtensi%le Mar7up Lan ua e. T!is is already Buite a useful description &!en you co)pare it to its Kco)petitorK or predecessor+ *TML+ s!ort for *yperTe6t Mar7up Lan ua e. T!e crucial ter) is Ke6tensi%leK+ N?T Ke6tendedK. *TML &as intended to allo& docu)ents and infor)ation of considera%le co)ple6ity to %e e6c!an ed across different tec!nolo ies+ operatin syste)s+ %ro&sers+ etc. 8t &as also )eant as a lan ua e &!ic! descri%es t!e lo ical structure of docu)ents. 8f you loo7 at *TML code 1ri !tAclic7 and select K-ie& SourceK &!en %ro&sin any &e% pa e3+ you &ill !a(e a !ard ti)e identifyin content in t!e c!aotic KnoiseK produced %y ta s representin ta%les+ fra)es+ %uttons+ rulers+ fonts+ i)a es+ indentation+ etc. ,ot! *TML and EML are descendants of a )uc! )ore po&erful 1and less co)pre!ensi%le3 lan ua e+ SGML+ t!e Standard GeneraliDed Mar7up Lan ua e. :!at EML s!ares &it! t!e latter is t!at you can define your o&n ne& lan ua es+ so)et!in *TML does not allo& for. :!ile *TML is a prescri%ed lan ua e itself+ EML is a )etaAlan ua e for definin ne& lan ua es. *TML !as no clear separation of content and presentation. :it! a fi6ed set of ta s t!ere is no &ay to clearly )ar7Aup docu)ent content in a )eanin ful )anner. 8f you !a(e e(er seen t!e source code of a *TML coded &e% pa e+ you can easily reco niDe t&o of t!e )ain c!aracteristics of EML &!ic! )a7es t!e) distinct fro) *TML. T!e presence of ta s 1e. .+ SMEM?T+ SS4EEC* TURNT3 &!ic! are not a(aila%le in t!e fi6ed set of *TML ta s 1&!ere ne& ta s &ould %e eit!er proprietary or at least de(iations fro) t!e standards3. T!e ta s used in an EML file represent I?UR data &it!out in(alidatin any standardsJ ,elo&+ a ra& EML file is s!o&n. T!e a%sence of presentation 1display+ layout3 related infor)ation 1ta%les+ fonts+ i)a es+ rulers+ etc3 ,elo& you can see an EML (ersion of an inter(ie& section &it! so)e added infor)ation.
0Tra s .ersio %H1H tra s_;etho/%H,)*G22H .ersio _/ate%H887127H au/io_fi&e a;e%Hau!wa.H D;&$&a g%HBEH1 0#@eaAers1 0#@eaAer i/%H)H a;e%H) ter.iewerHG1 0#@eaAer i/%HBH a;e%H>err #chu&t5H /ia&ect%Hba.aria HG1 0G#@eaAers1 0Tur s@eaAer%H)H ta@e_@os%H2717H1 Ia! 0GTur 1 0Tur s@eaAer%HBH ta@e_@os%H231EH1 Cars /och eige t&ichF Ja /a wars /och g&aub ich erst ei o/er 5wei TageF o/er .ie&&eicht ei e Tag! 0GTur 1 0GTra s1
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8f you interested to learn )ore a%out EML+ t!ere are countless sources online.
Style S!eets
T!e real po&er of t!e EML standard is unleas!ed %y applyin soAcalled Kstyle s!eets.K 8n fact+ an entire style lan ua e+ t!e eEtensi%le Style Lan ua e 1ESL+ or+ )ore specifically+ ESLT3 can %e le(era ed to create useful little pro ra)s and e(en fullA%lo&n applications on t!e %asis of ra& EMLAstructured data. Iou do not need to 7no& or !a(e to learn t!e ESLT lan ua e to use t!e EML Con(erter &it! t!e pro(ided style s!eets. *o&e(er+ suc! 7no&led e is useful if you &is! to create your o&n reports+ %ro&sers+ and con(erters. A *er)eneutic Unit e6ported to EML can %e con(erted into a &ide (ariety of ot!er representations %y usin style s!eets. 8ndi(idual reports+ con(ersions into ot!er pro ra)sL input for)ats or creatin \clic7a%leL (ie&er (ersions of your *Us are a)on t!e options a(aila%le. T!e default EML folder 1%ro&se con(eniently (ia T??LS 5 EE4L?RER 5 EML 0?L'ER3 !osts so)e e6a)ples of suc! style s!eets &aitin to %e e6plored+ or )odified to suit your o&n needs or tastes. T!e EML con(erter can %e (ie&ed as a 7ind of plu Ain interface for user &ritten Kpro ra)sK or )acros. T!e ATLAS.ti EML Con(erter is a con(enient tool for userAcreated reports+ con(erters and (ie&ers. 8t displays all EML and ESL files located in t!e default EML folder. 8f you c!an e t!e default EML folder under T??LS 5 4RE0ERENCES 5 GENERAL 4RE0ERENCES 5 4AT*S and &ant to continue to use t!e pro(ided style s!eet sa)ples+ you need to copy t!e content of t!e default EML folder to t!e ne& location.
ReBuire)ents
ATLAS.tiLs EML Con(erter reBuires MicrosoftLs MSEML (.$ EML parser to %e installed. 8n turn+ MSEML reBuires t!e 8nternet E6plorer ; or later to %e installed. Alt!ou ! MicrosoftOs 8nternet E6plorer ; 1or !i !er3 )ust %e installed on your syste)+ it is not reBuired to %e your default &e% %ro&serJ 8f you !a(e :indo&s E4 as your operatin syste)+ you s!ould already %e &ell eBuipped. *o&e(er+ it is reco))ended t!at you do&nload t!e )ost recent (ersion of t!e parser fro) t!e Microsoft &e% site 1run t!e C!ec7 MSEML option %elo&3.
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To c!ec7 for t!e (ersion of MSEML installed on your co)puter+ run T??LS 5 EML 5 EML C?N-ERTER fro) t!e )ain )enu+ or clic7 t!e lo%e %utton in t!e )ain tool%ar.
C!ec7in MSEML Co)pati%ility

8f you recei(e an error )essa e+ you need to c!ec7 if you !a(e a co)pliant (ersion of MSEML installed. 0ro) t!e )ain )enu+ select *EL4 5 M?RE RES?URCES 5 C*ECR MSEML. A list of installed MSEML )odules &ill %e displayed includin t!eir co)pati%ility &it! ATLAS.ti. 8f none of t!e )odules is co)pati%le+ follo& t!e lin7 to t!e offered do&nload site to et a co)pliant (ersion of MSEML.
:or7in :it! Style S!eets

ATLAS.ti offers a nu)%er of reports (ia fle6i%le EML5ESLT style s!eets. 8f you are s7illed in ESLT+ you can create any output you li7e %ased on t!e ra& EML file of your ATLAS.ti pro@ect. To create a ra& EML file+ clic7 on t!e EML %utton in t!e tool %ar and t!en select t!e option EE4?RT *U T? EML. 0or all ot!ers+ &e !a(e put to et!er a selection of useful reports. Clic7 on t!e EML %utton+ or select 4R?WECT 5 EE4?RT 5 EML EE4L?RER. T!e E6plorer di(ides t!e a(aila%le style s!eets into t!ree roups. Reports+ -ie&ers+ and 4ro ra))in 5'e)os.

Reports offer a nu)%er of predefined reports sorted %y Codes+ 0a)ilies+ Me)os+ Net&or7 -ie&s+ 4ri)ary 'ocu)ents and 2uotations. -ie&ers include style s!eets t!at offer (arious display for)s for t!e *U. 4ro ra))in 5'e)os pro(ide style s!eets t!at )ay inspire and !elp you to &rite additional style s!eets on your o&n to create @ust t!e report you &ant.
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0i ure $;2. EML E6plorer
T!e follo&in predefined reports are a(aila%le.
0i ure $;$. A(aila%le Reports
8f you clic7 on a report+ a s!ort description is pro(ided in t!e co))ent field at t!e %otto) of t!e EML E6plorer &indo&.
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*o& To Create A Report

Select one of t!e reports and dou%leAclic7. A &indo& opens offerin t!e follo&in t!ree e6port options.
0i ure $;<. EML e6port options
Select t!e a)ount of content you need for t!e report. T!e last option 1also include Buotations contents 1as plain te6t33 e6ports t!e full content of t!e *U. T!is is !o&e(er not al&ays needed. 0or e6portin a code %oo7+ for instance+ you only need to e6port t!e code na)es and co))ents. T!erefore+ selectin t!e first e6port option.'o not include 4ri)ary 'ocu)ents is sufficient. 8f you are unsure !o& )uc! infor)ation you need+ you are on t!e sa(e side selectin t!e t!ird e6port option 1Also include Buotations contents3. 8t )ay @ust ta7e a %it lon er 1t!an necessary3 to create t!e report. T!e output is displayed in your &e% %ro&ser 18nternet E6plorer %y default9 results )ay (ary in different %ro&sers3. To create a Code ,oo7. 'ou%le clic7 on t!e report. Codes. Code ,oo7. Select t!e first e6port option. 'o not include 4ri)ary 'ocu)ents. T!en &ait for your %ro&ser to open 1see 0i ure $;=3.
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0i ure $;=. Code %oo7 report
Iou can copy and paste t!is ta%le fro) 8nternet E6plorer into a MS :ord docu)ent or ot!er applications and+ if desired+ add so)e furt!er for)attin .
To output all coded se )ents %y codes plus co))ents. 8f you &ant to output all Buotations sorted %y codes+ select 2uotations. %y Code F Report of all Coded 2uotations %y Code 1plus Co))ents3 Iou need to %e a&are t!at t!is potentially )ay result in lar e outputs+ as you cannot apply filters. Nonet!eless+ t!is output is freBuently used and as7ed for+ e. . as a )eans to add transparency to t!e analysis process and to )a7e outco)es a(aila%le to t!ird parties. Select t!e t!ird e6port option. Also include 2uotations contents 1in plain te6t3. T!e result is a list of ta%les+ one for eac! code+ displayin t!e code na)e and its definition5co))ent in t!e first ro& and all Buotations underneat!.
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Iou can only output te6tual infor)ation. 0or i)a e+ eodata+ or )ulti)edia Buotations only a reference is pro(ided.
0i ure $;;. Report. 2uotations %y Code
:!en e6portin Buotations fro) 4'0 docu)ents+ you )ay !a(e to correct t!e for)attin in :ord and delete unnecessary !ard returns. T!e ori inal layout is of course lost as t!e ta%le only contains plain te6t. As )entioned a%o(e+ you can si)ply copy and paste t!e ta%le1s3 fro) t!e E6plorer to a &ord processin pro ra) and edit t!e) t!ere.
Creatin And Modifyin Style S!eets

8f you are fa)iliar &it! &ritin ESLT style s!eets+ use t!e supplied e6a)ples in t!e section 4ro ra))in 5'e)os as a point of departure for your e6plorations. C!ec7 our :e% site+ !ttp.55&&&.atlasti.co) for additional infor)ation on ATLAS.tiOs EML support+ as &ell as for an e)er in repository of useful style s!eets and dedicated ser(ice pro(iders &!o specialiDe in creatin custo) applications+ interfaces+ and con(ersions on t!e %asis of ATLAS.tiLs EML 5 ESLT capa%ilities. LetOs ta7e a loo7 at so)e of t!e e6a)ples for )anipulatin ra& EML data t!at co)e &it! t!e pro ra). T!e follo&in sa)ple &as created %y e6portin t!e Wac7 t!e Ripper sa)ple *U to EML. ,elo& you see so)e e6cerpts of t!e ra& EML file.
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0i ure $;7. E6cerpt of a ra& EML file
T!ree different style s!eets &ere independently applied to t!is EML file usin t!e EML con(erter to enerate co)pletely different representations fro) t!e sa)e source. 8t is i)portant to notice t!at t!ese representations &or7 independently of ATLAS.ti. T!at is+ t!ey Kli(eK e6clusi(ely in your :e% %ro&ser. T!is adds a !u e ne& repertoire of applications to your tool c!est+ since you can )odify t!e supplied style s!eets to your !earts content and e(en create your o&n style s!eets to suit your uniBue and (ery specific needs. T!e follo&in assu)es so)e 7no&led e a%out EML and ESLT. ESLT styles s!eets are EML confor)in te6t files. As suc!+ t!ey can %e edited &it! a si)ple te6t editor.
Con(entions
Iou &ill note t!at t!e EML Con(erter displays )ore t!an @ust t!e file na)e of t!e style s!eets it found in t!e EML folder. T!is additional infor)ation is part of t!e style s!eets t!e)sel(es. T!e atlas description node &it!in t!e atlas.data na)espace contains t!is self description. Style s!eets t!at do not use t!is !eader are not displayed in t!e con(erter. Style s!eets are stored in t!e ATLAS.ti EML folder+ &!ic! you can con(eniently locate (ia t!e )ain )enu option T??LS 5 EE4L?RER 5 EML 0?L'ER.
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E6port C 8)port
T!is c!apter descri%es procedures to e6port5i)port data and structures %et&een ATLAS.ti and ot!er soft&are. T!e e6port procedures introduced in t!is c!apter are not al&ays clearly distin uis!a%le fro) t!e c!apter GGeneratin ?utputH on pa e $>=. :!ile t!e output options are enerally display and print oriented+ e6port of t!e *U or parts t!ereof allo&s for analysis of data and structures created &it! ATLAS.ti &it!in ot!er soft&are pac7a es.
S4SS E6port
ATLAS.ti is intended pri)arily for supportin Bualitati(e reasonin processes. ?n t!e ot!er !and+ especially &it! lar e a)ounts of data+ it is so)eti)es useful to analyDe t!e data in a Buantitati(e )anner usin statistical approac!es. ATLAS.ti pro(ides an e6port function to per)it furt!er processin of t!e synta6 file %y S4SSk+ t!e Statistical 4ac7a e for t!e Social Sciences.
Cases C -aria%les
T!e case for cases.
T!e %asic co)ponents for statistics are cases and (aria%les. T!e S4SS e6port function in ATLAS.ti treats codes as (aria%les and data se )ents 1Buotations3 as Kcases.K 8n contrast to t!e dic!oto)ous treat)ent of codes &it!in ATLAS.ti+ you can use codes as ordinal or ot!er&ise scaled (aria%les in S4SS @o%s %y usin a specific codeAna)in con(ention.
ATLAS.ti e6ports Buotations as cases. Iou can use S4SS features to use pri)ary docu)ents as cases.
T!e notion of a KcaseK !ere is rat!er fineA rained and differs fro) t!e co))on understandin of t!is ter). Usually cases in Bualitati(e researc! refer to persons+ inter(ie&s+ or docu)ents. :e c!ose to treat t!e s)allest unit as a case for t!e output to S4SS+ to ensure t!at no data is lost durin e6port. ,roader infor)ation+ e. .+ &!ic! pri)ary docu)ent a Buotation %elon s to+ is coded into t!e (aria%le 4' 1pri)ary docu)ent3.
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S4SS Synta6 0ile

T!e output of t!e S4SS enerator is a co)plete S4SS synta6 file containin (aria%le definitions+ optionally t!e data )atri6 and so)e default @o%s state)ents. -AR LA,ELS are ta7en fro) code and code fa)ily na)es. -ALUE LA,ELS for (aria%les created fro) codes are. IES 113 A code is assi ned N? 1#3 A code is not assi ned E(ery KcaseK is not only descri%ed %y t!e codes+ %ut also %y infor)ation a%out position 1pri)ary docu)ent+ start and end position3+ aut!or+ )edia type and date of creation. T!ere are t&o (aria%les for t!e start position 1SI and SE3 and t&o (aria%les for t!e end position 1EI and EE3 for a Buotation. 'ependin on t!e )edia type+ t!ey are used for different start and end coordinates. SI 1start3 Te6t 1ric! te6t3 4'0 Audio -ideo 8)a e Geo
para rap! pa e AAA AAA
SE 1start3
Colu)n c!aracter+ Buotation %ased C!aracter count+ pa e %ased )illiseconds )illiseconds
EI 1end3
para rap! pa e AAA AAA
EE 1end3
Colu)n c!aracter+ Buotation %ased C!aracter count+ pa e %ased )illiseconds )illiseconds
SE and SI indicate t!e position of t!e upper left !and corner of t!e i)a e AAA AAA
EE and EI indicate t!e position of t!e lo&er ri !t !and corner of t!e i)a e AAA AAA
Code and pri)ary docu)ent fa)ilies are !andled usin C?M4UTE state)ents. 8f applica%le super codes can turn into nonAdic!oto)ous (aria%les. T!e S4SS synta6 output created &it! ATLAS.ti is plain ASC88 and can %e edited %efore storin it as a file for furt!er processin &it! S4SS. ,elo& you see an e6a)ple synta6 file. T8TLE OATLAS.ti A C!ildren C *appiness sta e 88O. ] S4SS Synta6 file enerated %y ATLAS.ti 7.#.>$. ] S4SS Generator -ersion $.2 ] 'ate. 6666. 'ATA L8ST REC?R'SN$ 51 CASEN? 10;.#3 4' 10;.#3 2U 10;.#3 SI 10>.#3 SE 10>.#3 EY (F8.0) EX (F8.0) TI (F10.0) /2 K1 to K77 1-77
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/3 K78 to K138 1-61 -AR8A,LE LA,ELS 4' O4ri)ary 'ocO /QU 'Q-Index' /SY 'Sta t x-!o"' /SX 'Sta t #-!o"' /EY 'End x-!o"' /EX 'End #-!o"' /TI '$ eat%on &ate' /K1 ''(a)* 1 +,%-d' /K2 ''(a)* 2 +,%-d en' /K3 ''(a)* 3 o )o e +,%-d en' K K K /K136 '"t.d# de"%/n* de)and (o a 0.a-%tat%1e "t.d#' /K137 '"t.d# de"%/n* )ea". %n/ ,a22%ne""' /K138 '"t.d# de"%/n* .nde "tand%n/ e)2% %+a- "t.d%e"'. -ALUE LA,ELS R1 to R1$> 1 OIESO # ON?O. ] Represent code fa)ilies as co)puted (aria%les. $34!UTE KF1 5 K26 6 K27 6 K28 6 K27 6 K37 6 K38 6 K37 6 K80 6 K81 6 K82 6 K83 6 K88 6 K89. $34!UTE KF2 5 K37 6 K38 6 K37 6 K80 6 K81 6 K82 6 K88 6 K89 6 K66 6 K67 6 K68 6 K67 6 K70. K K $34!UTE KF32 5 K66 6 K67 6 K68 6 K67 6 K70. $34!UTE KF33 5 K98 6 K97 6 K60. F3:4;TS KF1 (F2) KF10 (F1) KF11 (F2) KF12 (F1) KF13 (F1) KF18 (F1) KF19 (F1) KF16 (F1) KF17 (F1) KF18 (F1) KF17 (F1) KF2 (F2) KF20 (F1) KF21 (F2) KF22 (F2) KF23 (F1) KF28 (F2) KF29 (F2) KF26 (F1) KF27 (F2) KF28 (F2) KF27 (F1) KF3 (F2) KF30 (F1) KF31 (F1) KF32 (F1) KF33 (F1) KF8 (F2) KF9 (F2) KF6 (F2) KF7 (F1) KF8 (F1) KF7 (F1). <;:I;=>E >;=E>S KF1 'KF?@$,%-d en 6 E((e+t" o( 2a ent%n/'. <;:I;=>E >;=E>S KF2 'KF?@E((e+t" o( 2a ent%n/ 6 T,e =UT / o.2 ASB 1C'. K K <;:I;=>E >;=E>S KF31 'KF?S. 1e# Ite)"'. <;:I;=>E >;=E>S KF32 'KF?T,e =UT / o.2'. <;:I;=>E >;=E>S KF33 'KF?D,at +,%-d en /%1e'.
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] Represent pri)ary docu)ent fa)ilies as 80 (aria%les. ] Usin ALL pri)ary docu)ent fa)ilies. * +L1 *About ha@@i ess! CO(+"TE +L1 % 7! )L <+B % M or +B % N or +B % O or +B % 8 or +B % 17= +L1 % 1! * +L2 *b&ogs! CO(+"TE +L2 % 7! )L <+B % 2 or +B % 3 or +B % E or +B % P= +L2 % 1! * +L3 *research re@ort a / co;;e ts! CO(+"TE +L3 % 7! )L <+B % 1 or +B % 2 or +B % E= +L3 % 1! * +LE b&og /iscussio ! CO(+"TE +LE % 7! )L <+B % 3 or +B % P= +LE % 1! * +LP e/ucatio $$highschoo&! CO(+"TE +LP % 7! K K K LOR(AT# +L1F +L2F +L3F +LEF +LPF +LMF +LNF +LOF +L8F +L17F +L11F +L12F +L13F +L1EF +L1PF +L1MF +L1NF +L1OF +L18F +L27F +L21F +L22F +L23 <L1=! -AR)AB,E -AR)AB,E -AR)AB,E -AR)AB,E -AR)AB,E K K K ,ABE,# ,ABE,# ,ABE,# ,ABE,# ,ABE,# +L1 +L2 +L3 +LE +LP Q+L_*About ha@@i essQ! Q+L_*b&ogsQ! Q+L_*research re@ort a / co;;e tsQ! Q+L_b&og /iscussio Q! Q+L_e/ucatio $$highschoo&Q!
] 'ocu)ent type declaration. )L <+B % 31 or +B % 1M or +B % 33 or +B % 22 or +B % 18 or +B % or +B % 11 or +B % E or +B % 1N or +B % 23 or +B % 2 or +B % 12 or +B % N or +B 2M or +B % 3E or +B % 17 or +B % 2N or or +B % 2O or +B % 1E or +B % 21 3 or +B % 13 or +B % 2P or +B % P 37 or +B % 28 or +B % 2E or +B % % 27 or +B % 32 or +B % 1O or +B % +B % 1P= (e/iaTy@e % 1!
)L <+B % 1= (e/iaTy@e % 2! )L <+B % M= (e/iaTy@e % 3! )L <+B % 3M or +B % 3N or +B % 3O or +B % 8 or +B % O or +B % 3P= (e/iaTy@e % E!
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#TR)*G (e/ia <AO=! RECOBE (e/iaTy@e <1%HrichteDtH= <2%H@/fH= <3%H.i/eoH= <E%Hgra@hicH= i to (e/ia! -AR)AB,E ,ABE,# -AR)AB,E ,ABE,# (e/iaTy@e Q(e/ia Ty@e <*u;eric=Q! (e/ia Q(e/ia Ty@e <#tri g=Q!
,EG8N 'ATA. 7777717777717777717777777177771E887777777177771N173P77N78 23M 777777777777777777777777771777777777777777777777777777777 77777777777777777777 777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 7777 777772777771777772777777717777P7O8777777717777P2NE3P77N78 28M 777777777777777777771777777777777777777777777777777777777 77777777777777777777 777777777777777777777177777777777777777777777777777777777 7777 777773777771777773777777717777P2NN777777717777PE3E3P77N78 37E K K K EN' 'ATA.
Scaled -s. 'ic!oto)ous Codes

:it!in ATLAS.ti+ a code is al&ays dic!oto)ous+ %ecause it eit!er refers to a i(en Buotation 1K1K3 or it does not 1K#K3. Eac! case 1N Buotation3 can+ in respect to t!e codes+ %e descri%ed as a (ector of #Os and 1Os. T!e concept of scaled codes5(aria%les reBuires a special synta6. T!e di)ension or scale alon &!ic! an e(aluation is to ta7e place is partitioned into t!e nu)%er of different (alues reBuired. Assu)in t!at fi(e de rees of fear are to %e distin uis!ed in a i(en analysis+ fi(e codes )ust %e created. /egree /egree /egree /egree /egree of of of of of fear fear fear fear fear R1 R2 R3 RE RP
A special na)in con(ention is necessary to let ATLAS.ti identify (aria%le codes fro) dic!oto)ous codes.
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Na)in Con(ention 0or Scaled Codes

Eac! code na)e is follo&ed %y at least one %lan7 and t!e aAc!aracter 1you )ay c!oose an alternati(e lead c!aracter for t!e (alue part t!rou ! t!e S4SS initial screen3 follo&ed i))ediately %y a (alue. T!is notation allo&s t!e syste) to construct one (aria%le fro) a roup of codes 1as in t!e e6a)ple i(en a%o(e3. T!e ne& ordinal (aria%le Kde ree of fearK !as as )any distinct (alues as t!e nu)%er of codes t!e user defined accordin to t!e con(ention. 8n S4SS synta6 t!e transfor)ation of t!e data could %e e6pressed as follo&s. if </egree of fear R1 eS 1= /egree of fear%1 if </egree of fear R2 eS 1= /egree of fear%2 if </egree of fear R3 eS 1= /egree of fear%3 etc! Iou are not restricted to nu)erical (alues9 anyt!in t!at follo&s t!e special sy)%ol is interpreted as a (alue. T!e &idt! reser(ed in t!e 'ata List state)ent of t!e synta6 file is t!e )a6i)u) &idt! of t!e lar est of all (alues collected for a (aria%le code. *a;e RChristi e *a;e RTho;as *a;e R>a& T!e (aria%le code KNa)eK &ill !a(e t!ree (alues. KC!ristine+K KT!o)asK and K*al.K T!e &idt! reser(ed in t!e data list state)ent &ill %e /+ deter)ined %y t!e )a6i)u) &idt! (alue KC!ristine.K
Use co))ents for an e6planation of scaled codeLs (alues
A co))ent lin7ed to suc! codes could %e used as an e6planation of t!e (alues to instruct researc!ers in codin t!e )aterial. Reep in )ind t!at ordinal codes only !a(e )eanin in t!e conte6t of %ein used %y S4SS. :it!in ATLAS.ti+ t!e differently (alued codes are treated li7e e(ery ot!er code. dic!oto)ously.
0i ure $;>. E6a)ple of a scaled (aria%le
C!ec7 \T!e Sa)ple.!pr;L for an application of an ordinal code. Iou find t!e file in t!e sa)ples folder+ &!ic! you can access (ia T??LS 5 EE4L?RER 5 SAM4LES 0?L'ER. T!e na)e of t!e code is *orror+ split into *orror a1 to *orror a=.
'o not assi n )utually e6clusi(e codes to t!e sa)e BuotationJ
'o not assi n )ore t!an one scaled (aria%le (alue 1e. .+ fear a1 and fear a23 to t!e sa)e Buotation. Alt!ou ! ATLAS.ti per)its an ar%itrary nu)%er of codes to %e attac!ed to a Buotation+ t!is &ould not )a7e )uc! sense &it! )utually e6clusi(e (alues of scaled (aria%les. 8f you do so+ t!e S4SS enerator &ill si)ply i nore additional (alues after processin t!e first one it finds for a i(en Buotation. Since it cannot %e uaranteed &!ic! (alue &ill %e detected first+ t!is &ill )ost li7ely produce unpredicta%le results in t!e S4SS @o% enerated.
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*o& S4SS E6port *andles 0a)ilies

Treat)ent ?f Code 0a)ilies
Code fa)ilies in S4SS @o%s si)ply count t!e occurrences of assi n)ents of any of its contained codes for t!e current case 1NBuotation3 usin C?M4UTE state)ents. ,elo& an e6a)ple for co)putin a code fa)ily (aria%le is pro(ided. CO(+"TE TL1 % T17 ? T11 ? T12 ? T13 ? T1E ? T1P! -AR)AB,E ,ABE,# TL1 QTL_) .estigatio Q! Scaled codes are i nored in t!e co)putation of code fa)ily (aria%les.
Treat)ent ?f 4ri)ary 'ocu)ent 0a)ilies

Eac! case 1N Buotation3 !as its pri)ary docu)ent inde6 auto)atically enerated %y t!e S4SS e6port function. T!e (alue of a Buotation t!at is part of a pri)ary docu)ent t!at is a )e)%er of a pri)ary docu)ent fa)ily &ill %e co)puted as a K1K or K#.K 8n t!e S4SS synta6 file t!e 4' fa)ily (aria%le is co)puted as follo&s. * +L1 Bescri@tio of -icti;s! CO(+"TE +L1 % 7! )L <+B % P or +B % M or +B % O or +B % 8 or +B % 17= +L1 % 1! -AR)AB,E ,ABE,# +L1 Q+L_Bescri@tio of -icti;sQ!
Missin -alues
Missin (alues are only co)puted for scaled (aria%les. A seBuence of %lan7s 1dependin on t!e for)at &idt! of t!e (aria%le3 is inserted in t!e data )atri6 for any )issin (alue.
Creatin S4SS ?utput

0ro) t!e *U editorOs )ain )enu select 4R?WECT 5 EE4?RT T? 5 S4SS W?,. T!e Send ?utput to. dialo &indo& opens. Select a tar et location. Ne6t+ t!e S4SS Wo% Generation :indo& opens.
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0i ure $;/. 4roperty &indo& for S4SS @o%
Use separate file. :!en c!ec7ed+ t!e data )atri6 is &ritten to a separate file. T!is is )andatory if t!e siDe of t!e )atri6 e6ceeds a certain siDe. S4SS cannot !andle lar e data sets &it!in a synta6 file. 0or re ular siDe pro@ects+ lea(e t!is option unc!ec7ed. Specify t!e na)e of t!e data set. T!is na)e is used as t!e file na)e and as t!e 08LE reference fro) t!e 'ATA L8ST section. Iou only need to enter a na)e !ere if you enerate separate data files. GCreate a fres! data file durin ne6t runH can %e unc!ec7ed if t!e data !as not c!an ed since it &as last created. T!is )ay sa(e so)e processin ti)e. 8nclude BuotationOs aut!or. C!ec7 if you &ant to e6port an additional (aria%le t!at indicates t!e aut!or for eac! Buotation. T!is is for e6a)ple useful if you &ant to use S4SS to calculate interAcoder relia%ility. T!e (alue separator is a %y default+ %ut can %e c!an ed to so)et!in else. See GScaled (s. 'ic!oto)ous CodesG. Create tas7 section. Ena%le t!is option if you &ant te)plates for procedures included at t!e end of t!e synta6 file. Create SA-E ?UT08LE instruction. Ena%le t!is option if you &ant S4SS to sa(e t!e data as ].sa( file after runnin t!e synta6 file.. Specify all desired properties and t!en clic7 ?R. T!e output is enerated and sent to t!e selected tar et location. :!en directed to a te6t editor+ you can edit t!e @o% state)ents and ot!er parts of t!e synta6 file %efore proceedin . 8f file separation is selected+ t&o files F t!e S4SS @o% file and t!e data file A are created si)ultaneously.
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Iou can directly RUN t!e result if S4SS is installed on your co)puter and t!e S4S e6tension !as %een associated &it! S4SS.
0i ure $7#. 'ata )atri6 in S4SS after runnin t!e synta6 file 0i ure $71. -aria%le -ie&
E6port C 8)port Usin EML

Codes+ )e)os+ or entire *Us can %e e6ported into t!e EML for)at. E6portin codes and )e)os as EML files allo&s you to transfer all or only selected codes or )e)os %et&een *Us usin t!e i)port function. 18f you are loo7in to )er e co)plete *Us+ c!ec7 t!e section on GMer in *er)eneutic UnitsH on pa e 1=<3. E6portin t!e entire *U in EML opens up nu)erous possi%ilities for indi(idual reports and con(ersion for ot!er applications.
E6portin And 8)portin Codes 8n EML

E6portin Codes
T!e codeLs na)e+ aut!or+ creation and )odification date+ as &ell as t!e Buery for super codes and t!eir respecti(e co))ents are included in t!e e6port for)at. *o&e(er+ no lin7s to Buotations or ot!er o%@ects are included. Iou can e6port all codes+ or selected codes+ or all codes t!at pass t!e current filter. To e6port all codes 1or all filtered codes3+ C!oose C?'ES 5 8M4?RT5EE4?RT 5 EE4?RT ALL C?'ES 1EML3 fro) t!e )ain )enu. 8n t!e output tar et dialo select 08LE. Confir) t!e default na)e+ or enter a ne& file na)e+ and sa(e t!e file to dis7
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To e6port a list of selected codes+ ?pen t!e Code Mana er and select one or )ore codes. C!oose C?'ES 5 8M4?RT5EE4?RT 5 EE4?RT C?'E 1EML3 fro) t!e )ain )enu 8n t!e output tar et dialo select 08LE. Confir) t!e default na)e+ or enter a ne& file na)e+ and sa(e t!e file to dis7.
8)portin Codes
:!en you i)port codes in EML for)at+ additional infor)ation li7e t!e date of creation and )odification+ t!e aut!or and code co))ents 1in plain te6t only3 are also i)ported. T!is is !o& you do it. Select C?'ES 5 8M4?RT5EE4?RT 58M4?RT C?'ES 1EML3 fro) t!e )ain )enu. A file dialo &indo& opens. Select t!e EML file t!at you pre(iously created and clic7 t!e ?4EN %utton. T!e code list includin all co))ents is i))ediately i)ported and displayed in t!e Code Mana er. 8f conflicts occur+ you recei(e a &arnin and !a(e t!e option to o(er&rite only t!e code for &!ic! a conflict &as detected+ or all codes.
0i ure $72. ?ptions to resol(e conficts &!en i)portin EML codes
E6portin And 8)portin Me)os 8n EML

E6portin Me)os
Iou can e6port selected )e)os or all )e)os. To e6port all )e)os+ C!oose MEM?S 5 8M4?RT5EE4?RT 5 EE4?RT ALL MEM?S 1EML3 fro) t!e )ain )enu.
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8n t!e output tar et dialo select 0ile. Confir) t!e default na)e+ or enter a ne& file na)e+ and sa(e t!e file to dis7. To e6port one or )ore selected )e)os+ ?pen t!e Me)o Mana er and select one or )ore )e)o1s3. C!oose MEM?S 5 8M4?RT5EE4?RT 5 EE4?RT MEM? 1EML3 fro) t!e )ain )enu. Select 08LE as t!e output destination. Confir) t!e default na)e+ or enter a ne& file na)e+ and sa(e t!e file to dis7.
8)portin Me)os
Select MEM?S 5 8M4?RT5EE4?RT 5 8M4?RT MEM?S 1EML3 fro) t!e )ain )enu. A file dialo &indo& opens. Select t!e EML file and clic7 t!e ?4EN %utton. 8f a na)in conflict occurs+ you can c!oose to o(er&rite all )e)os+ to N?T o(er&rite t!e )e)o for &!ic! a conflict &as detected+ or to ne(er o(er&rite an e6istin )e)o.
0i ure $7$. ?ptions to resol(e a conflict &!en i)portin EML )e)os
:!en usin EML as an e6c!an e for)at to transfer )e)os and codes %et&een *Us+ or &!en creatin EML (ersion *Us+ you &ill lose so)e for)attin of t!e te6ts contained in t!e )e)os and codes.
E6portin T!e *er)eneutic Unit 8n EML

8nstead of @ust e6portin a s)all selected part of your pro@ect+ you can also e6port t!e entire *U as an EML file. T!e ATLAS.ti EML e6port option for *Us can %e used for different purposes. 0or internal use in t!e EML con(erter 0or e6ternal use as a nonAproprietary for)at+ e. . to arc!i(e data. T!e Bualitati(e data arc!i(e in Esse6 for e6a)ple uses ATLAS.tiOs EML for)at as
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%lue print for t!eir standard. See. !ttp.55&&&.esds.ac.u75Bualidata5a%out5introduction.asp As a )eans to i)port data into ot!er applications t!at offer an i)port function li7e t!e soft&are 2'A Miner. 2'A Miner offers furt!er Buantitati(e analysis tools li7e cluster+ factor and correspondence analysis and t!us for so)e studies it presents a (ery useful co)ple)ent to ATLAS.ti. To e6port an *U for any of t!e a%o(e )entioned purposes+ select eit!er t!e do&n arro& ne6t to t!e EML %utton in t!e )ain tool %ar and t!en t!e option EE4?RT *U T? EML+ or for) t!e )ain )enu select 4R?WECT 5 EE4?RT 5 EE4?RT *U T? EML. Select t!e a)ount of content t!at is needed 1e6cludin pri)ary docu)ents+ includin )eta infor)ation or includin full content of Buotations as &ell3. Select t!e output destinatino 1Editor+ 4rinter+ 0ile+ or 0ile C Run3+ see K?utput 'estinationsK on pa e $>=3. 8f you select t!e O0ileO or O0ile C RunO option+ enter a file na)e 1or accept t!e default na)e3 and select t!e folder &!ere to store t!e EML file. 8f you do not &ant to apply style s!eets+ i. e.+ you need t!e output for arc!i(in purposes+ or &ant to i)port your pro@ect into anot!er applicatin+ you can sa(e t!e resultin EML file to any location. 8f you &ant to apply style s!eets+ sa(e t!e EML file in t!e su t!e ATLAS.ti EML folder. ested location+
*TML E6port
T!e *U to EML e6port and con(ersion utility allo&s an alternati(e and (ery po&erful and fle6i%le approac! to creatin &e% pa es for users &illin to learn !o& to Gpro ra)H style s!eets. Usin *TML E6port and specifyin t!e layout usin t!e *TML enerator on t!e ot!er !and is si)ply a )atter of clic7in options &it!out any need to learn *TML. 4otential reasons for creatin *TML (ersions of *er)eneutic Units include. Create a &e% pu%lication. E(en inter)ediary results can %e presented to ot!er researc!ers &it!out )uc! effort. T!ese reports are reada%le &it!out needin ATLAS.ti on e(ery syste) t!at !as a &e% %ro&ser a(aila%le. Create a report. A con(enient &ay to create a printout of 1al)ost3 all o%@ects contained in a *er)eneutic Unit usin a &e% %ro&ser. ATLAS.tiLs *TML code eneration con(erts t!e *er)eneutic Unit currently %ein &or7ed &it! into an *TML docu)ent. T!e user can control t!e *TML creation entirely (ia t!e *TML 4references dialo %o6. ?f course+ t!e enerated code can %e edited and refined &it! a plain te6t editor or specialiDed *TML tools if you are 7no&led ea%le in *TML.
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E6portin An *U As *TML 'ocu)ent

Specify all desired c!aracteristics usin t!e ATLAS.ti *TML setup under T??LS 5 GENERAL 4RE0ERENCES 5 *TML 4RE0ERENCES.
0i ure $7<. T!e *TML preference &indo&
Select 4R?WECT 5 EE4?RT 5 *TML fro) t!e )ain )enu. Select 08LE C RUN as t!e output destination to i))ediately open t!e enerated output in a &e% %ro&ser. Select E'8T?R if you &ant to )odify t!e source %efore storin it. ,elo& you see an e6a)ple of !o& an ATLAS.ti pro@ect in *TML for)at )ay loo7 li7e.
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0i ure $7=. E6cerpts of an *TML output
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Special Considerations
SiDe ?f *TML 'ocu)ents
T!e )ore options you specify in t!e *TML 4references dialo + t!e %i er your *TML file &ill %e. T!is )ay not %e a concern if you are usin t!e docu)ents inA!ouse. *o&e(er+ &!en )a7in suc! docu)ents accessi%le to ot!ers (ia t!e 8nternet+ slo& trans)ission rates )ay de)and a reduced set of output options. 8nAlined 1N content included in t!e &e% pa e3 pri)ary docu)ents )ay %oost t!e siDe considera%ly 1and t!erefore trans)ission ti)es3 dependin upon t!e siDe of t!e docu)ents.
Ric! Te6t
Ric! Te6t for)atted docu)ents cannot %e included in t!e resultin *TML code. All contents fro) ric! te6t pri)ary docu)ents 1includin :ord files3+ co))ents or )e)os are con(erted to plain te6t for *TML output.
Lin7in 4ri)ary 'ocu)ents To T!e *TML 0ile

0or eac! 4'+ t!ere is an e)%edded file lin7. 8n order to %e a%le to open your pri)ary docu)ents (ia t!is lin7 t!e t!e *TML file+ you need to copy t!e ori inal files into t!e ATLAS.ti *TML folder. T!is folder can easily located (ia t!e )ain )enu option T??LS 5 EE4L?RER 5 *TML 0?L'ER.
Net&or7 -ie& 8)a es

C!ec7in t!e option to include Net&or7 -ie&s is not sufficient to display t!e) in an *TML docu)ent. T!e rap!ic files !a(e to %e created )anually for e(ery net&or7 t!at you &ant to include. ,y default+ a net&or7 (ie& entry loo7s as follo&s.
0i ure $7;. Net&or7 -ie&s in *TML files
T? 8NSERT NET:?RR -8E: 8MAGES 8NT? *TML 08LES At first you need to create a rap!ic file of t!e net&or7 (ie&. T!is file t!en needs to %e lin7ed to t!e enerated *TML file.
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?pen t!e Net&or7 -ie& in a Net&or7 Editor. Set t!e fonts+ colors+ and t!e siDe of t!e &indo&. Arran e t!e nodes as desired. C!oose NET:?RR 5 SA-E AS GRA4*8C 08LE fro) t!e net&or7 editorLs )ain )enu. Net&or7 (ie&s can %e sa(ed in different for)ats. C!oose En!anced Metafile 1].e)f3 as file for)at+ since t!is is also t!e default for)at used %y t!e *TML enerator. Sa(e t!e file+ e. . on t!e des7top and t!en copy it into t!e ATLAS.ti *TML folder. T!e *TML folder can easily located (ia T??LS 5 EE4L?RER 5 *TML 0?L'ER. ?pen t!e *TML file in t!e :indo&s E6plorer and o to t!e Net&or7 -ie& section+ e. . %y clic7in on t!e lin7 in t!e ta%le of contents.
0i ure $77. Wu)pin to t!e net&or7 (ie& section %y clic7in on t!e lin7 in t!e ta%le of contents
8n addition to t!e te6tual infor)ation and t!e net&or7 (ie& %it)ap+ you see t!e i)a e of t!e sa(ed net&or7 (ie&.
0i ure $7>. A net&or7 (ie& i)a e inserted into an *TML output
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8n ot!er ,ro&sers li7e 0irefo6+ you can only open t!e net&or7 as e6ternal i)a e. 8t is not e)%edded.
E6port And 8)port ?f 'ocu)ent Attri%utes 14' 0a)ilies3

4lease refer to G4'A0a)ily Ta%leH on pa e 2$< for details on !o& to e6port and i)port docu)ent attri%utes (ia an E6celc ta%le.
E6portin A Mo%ile 4ro@ect 1i4ad App3

To e6port your ATLAS.ti Mo%ile pro@ect fro) t!e i4ad app to continue your &or7 in t!e des7top (ersion 1e. .+ to run )ore sop!isticated analysis+ to lin7 (arious o%@ects+ or to create net&or7 (ie&s3+ t&o options are a(aila%le. Iou can e6port your pro@ect to t!e docu)ent directory of your i4ad or to a 'rop%o6 account. 8f you e6port it to t!e docu)ent directory+ you can do&nload t!e pro@ect fro) iTunes to your Mac or 4C. 8f you upload your pro@ect to 'rop%o6 for t!e first ti)e+ ATLAS.ti Mo%ile &ill as7 you to enter your access data. Iou can lo out fro) your 'rop%o6 account any ti)e 1tap t!e SETT8NGS %utton3. T!is is necessary+ for instance+ if you &ant to c!an e t!e 'rop%o6 account t!at is lin7ed to your ATLAS.ti Mo%ile app.
E6port A 4ro@ect
Select a pro@ect and t!en ta% t!e EE4?RT %utton. Select t!e destination. '?CUMENTS '8RECT?RI or 'R?4,?E. Iou &ill see a pro ress report. 8f you selected 'rop%o6 as destination+ t!e data are uploaded to your 'rop%o6 account 1t!us you need an internet connection3 and it ta7es a %it lon er t!an sa(in t!e pro@ect to t!e i4ad docu)ent folder.
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Accessin Iour 4ro@ect 8n T!e 'ocu)ents 'irectory

To access your pro@ect (ia t!e 'ocu)ents 'irectory+ connect your i4ad to your Mac or 4C. :ait for iTunes to start. Select your 84ad fro) t!e side%ar. Select t!e KAppsK ta%. Scroll do&n to t!e 08LE S*AR8NG interface. Select ATLAS.ti fro) t!e list of 0ile S!arin applications on t!e left. Select t!e folder &it! your pro@ect na)e and clic7 on t!e SA-E AS %utton at t!e %otto) of t!e screen.
0i ure $7/. List of file s!arin applications
Accessin Iour 4ro@ect 8n T!e 'rop%o6

?pen your 'rop%o6 folder and loo7 for select t!e folder A44S. :it!in t!e Apps folder you find an ATLAS.ti folder and t!erein a folder t!at !as t!e sa)e na)e as your pro@ect.
8)portin A Mo%ile 4ro@ect To ATLAS.ti 'es7top

-ia T!e Main Menu
'ou%leAclic7 on t!e pro@ect folder t!at you eit!er do&nloaded fro) iTunes+ or t!e one in your ATLAS.ti 'rop%o6 folder. 8nside t!e folder youOll no& find a folder t!at contains your docu)ents plus your pro@ect file.
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0i ure $>#. 'ocu)ent folder and pro@ect file
?pen ATLAS.ti on your co)puter and select 4R?WECT 5 8M4?RT 5 8M4?RT ATLAS.T8 84A' 4R?WECT. Go to t!e folder &!ere your i4ad pro@ect is stored and select t!e pro@ect file. Iou )ay not see t!e file e6tension O!pr6O if your :indo&s E6plorer is not set to s!o& file e6tensions. A pro ress %ar tells you !o& far t!e process !as co)e alon . ?nce finis!ed ATLAS.ti opens a ne& *U. T!is *U !as t!e na)e of your i4ad pro@ect.
-ia 'ra C 'rop

?pen ATLAS.ti on your 4C and dra t!e i4ad pro@ect file onto t!e title %ar of t!e ATLAS.ti &indo&.
0i ure $>1. 8)portin t!e Mo%ile pro@ect to ATLAS.ti des7top (ia dra C drop
Iou do not need to create a ne& *er)eneutic Unit first %efore i)portin your i4ad pro@ect. ATLAS.ti &ill create a ne& *U. T!e default na)e is t!e na)e of your i4ad pro@ect.
4RE0ERENCE SETT8NGS
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4reference Settin s
All settin s fro) t!e 4references dialo are stored in t!e USER.8N8 file &!ic! resides in t!e userLs syste) folder. T!e userLs syste) folder is confi ured durin installation of ATLAS.ti. Iou can access t!is folder any ti)e (ia t!e )ain )enu T??LS 5 EE4L?RER 5 USER SISTEM 0?L'ER. Most c!an es )ade to eneral settin s &onOt ta7e effect until t!e ne6t ti)e you access t!eir respecti(e functions.
To Set General 4references

Select t!e )ain )enu option T??LS 5 4RE0ERENCES 5 GENERAL 4RE0ERENCES or clic7 t!e GGeneral 4referencesH %utton in t!e )ain tool%ar 1see left3.
Ta%. General
4RE0ERENCE SETT8NGS
<2=
0i ure $>2. General 4references &indo&. ta% General
Rin %ell on errors Turn syste) %eeps off and on. ,e serious Reduce t!e a)ount of !u)or t!ro&n at you in t!e user interface. Searc! &it! patterns 1GRE43 :!en turned on+ t!e te6t searc! and autoAcodin functions use re ular e6pressions 1see GGRE4 Searc!H on pa e 21=3. T!is settin is also controlled %y t!e respecti(e c!ec7%o6 in t!e te6t searc! and autoAcode &indo&. S!o& Tas7%ar Tool 'isplays an icon in t!e tas7 %ar to easily access t!e ATLAS.ti &indo& )ana er. Len t! of *U pic7 list Specifies t!e )a6i)u) nu)%er of *er)eneutic Units t!at appear in t!e Grecently usedH list at t!e %otto) of t!e 0ile )enu or in t!e *U ,ro&ser. List na)e siDe for Buotes ,y default+ t!e display na)e of Buotations is $# c!aracters. T!e reco))ended len t! is %et&een $# and =# c!aracters. Note t!at siDe c!an es apply only to su%seBuently created or )odified Buotations. 8f you &ant t!e) to apply to all e6istin Buotations+ fro) t!e )ain )enu select 2U?TAT8?NS 5 M8SCELLANE?US 5 U4'ATE NAMES. 'isplay :elco)e :iDard 'isplays t!e :elco)e screen offerin a fe& startAup options. May %e c!an ed in t!e :elco)e screen.
4RE0ERENCE SETT8NGS
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S!o& TipA?fAt!eA'ay 'isplays a tip &!en startin ATLAS.ti S!o& Tas7%ar Tool 'isplays an icon in t!e tas7 %ar to easily access t!e ATLAS.ti &indo& )ana er. Sa(e )ana er co))ents silently Select t!is option if )odifications in t!e te6t area of ?%@ect and 0a)ily Mana ers s!ould auto)atically %e sa(ed &!en selectin anot!er ite). Use ri !tAtoAleft settin Acti(ates special user interface features 1ri !t te6t ali n)ent+ scroll%ars left+ )irrorin of tree and list (ie&s3 for RTL lan ua es suc! as *e%re& or Ara%ic.
Ta%. *UAEditor
T!e settin s in t!is section affect t!e appearance and %e!a(ior of t!e *U editor and its Kc!ildK &indo&s.
0i ure $>$. General 4references &indo&. ta% *U Editor
Load last used *U upon startAup :!en c!ec7ed+ t!e last *U closed is auto)atically loaded. ?pen )a6i)iDed ?pens t!e *U Editor in full screen )ode.
4RE0ERENCE SETT8NGS
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:!en openin *U load re ions &it! recent 4's Loads all pri)ary docu)ents of t!e last session t!at &ere loaded in one or )ore re ions. 4lay )ulti)edia 4' &!en loaded Acti(ates i))ediate play of a )ulti)edia 4' &!en it is loaded. 'isplay of last used Buotation is not affected %y t!is option. Loop )edia clip ,y default+ a )edia docu)ent is only played once after acti(atin and loadin it. Acti(ate t!is option to repeat t!e clip until stopped )anually. Ena%le dra C 'rop rearran e in 4' )ana er 8f disa%led+ you cannot )o(e t!e position of t!e pri)ary docu)ents in t!e 4'ocs Mana er. Use special pat!s 1*U4AT*+ T,4AT*3 T!is option only applies to lin7ed docu)ents. 8f acti(ated+ one of t!e t&o a%stract pat!s 1*U4AT* or T,4AT*3 is used if applica%le 1pat! or part of t!e docu)ent\s pat! )atc!es a special pat!3. 0or )ore infor)ation on a%stract pat!s see t!e ATLAS.ti (ersion ; )anual. 8n (ersion 7+ lin7ed docu)ents s!ould only %e used e6ceptionally+ and if so t!e *U or T,4AT* are reco))end. Re)e)%er &indo&s positions Stores t!e position and siDe of t!e *U Editor and )ost ot!er &indo&s. Auto open Upon openin t!e *U editor+ auto)atically opens t!e selected )ana er1s3 and5or ?%@ect E6plorer. Rollup :indo& Iou can specify to roll up eac! &indo& %y clic7in on t!e icon on t!e top left of a &indo&. :!en you t!en )o(e t!e cursor outside t!e &indo& and left clic7+ t!e )ain part of t!e &indo& Grolls upH to sa(e space and only t!e caption re)ains. Under t!e *U Editor preferences you can set t!e &idt! and t!e ali n)ent of t!e caption and !o& Buic7ly t!e &indo& s!ould appear5disappear.
4RE0ERENCE SETT8NGS
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Ta%. Mar in
0i ure $><. General 4references &indo&. ta% Mar in
S!o& )ar in :!en c!ec7ed+ displays t!e )ar in area to t!e ri !t of t!e pri)ary docu)ent. T!is option can also %e c!an ed t!rou ! t!e -8E:S5MARG8N AREA )enu ite) or t!e correspondin tool %utton. S!o& line nu)%ers S!o&s para rap! nu)%er pane for te6tual 4's. Use i)a es Adds a typeArelated icon to t!e la%el of t!e )ar in o%@ects. Use ?%@ect Colors 'isplays codes in userAdefined colors. Iou can set code colors in eit!er t!e Code Mana er or in a Net&or7 -ie& editor. 'isplay Buotation coordinates Adds t!e start and endAposition 1para rap!s Zte6t[+ ZyA[coordinates Z rap!ic[ etc.3 of t!e Buotations to t!e la%el of t!e )ar in o%@ects. ,rac7et &idt! Sets t!e &idt! of t!e %rac7ets s!o&n for a Buotation in t!e )ar in. Use s!ort na)e siDed Acti(ate t!is option to display a%%re(iated na)es for t!e )ar in o%@ects. T!e c!aracter li)it is c!osen in t!e field ne6t to t!is option.
4RE0ERENCE SETT8NGS
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'ou%le clic7 to
les s!ort na)e
:!en selectin t!is option+ you can c!an e %ac7 and fort! %et&een full and s!ort na)es %y dou%le clic7in in t!e )ar in area. S!o& )ar in tips :!en )o(in &it! t!e )ouse pointer o(er an entity in t!e )ar in area+ a \tipL is displayed pro(idin infor)ation a%out t!e entity+ suc! as its na)e and co))ent &!en t!is option is acti(ated. Ena%le 'ra C 'rop Allo&s dra C drop operation in t!e )ar in 1li7e dra C drop codin + replacin o%@ects+ )o(in codes+ !yperAlin7in 3. 8nA4laceAAction T!is refers to &!at !appens &!en you are inAplace editin a )ar in o%@ect. None. No inAplaceAaction &ill occur. Glo%al rena)e. T!e selected o%@ect &ill %e rena)ed9 t!is affects all occurrences of t!is o%@ect. Local replace. T!e selected o%@ect &ill %e replaced at t!e current position &it! an o%@ect of t!e sa)e type and &it! a na)e as entered. 8f no o%@ect &it! t!is na)e e6ists+ it &ill %e created 1only for codes or )e)os3. 8nclude Codes+ Me)os and *yperlin7s )ay %e selected separately to %e displayed in t!e )ar in area. Iou can also c!an e t!ese settin s usin t!e conte6t )enu in t!e )ar in area.
4RE0ERENCE SETT8NGS
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Ta%. 0onts
0i ure $>=. General 4references &indo&. ta% 0onts
Set t!e font c!aracteristics for t!e *U Editor and ot!er &indo&s and controls.
Select 0ont t!e)e Iou can create different font t!e)es+ dependin on (arious tas7s or pro@ect lan ua es. 8f for instance you &or7 at different co)puters and t!ere is a !i ! resolution screen at one location+ t!e standard font siDe of > )i !t %e too s)all. 8f you &ant to present your pro@ect connectin your co)puter to a ,ea)er+ you )ay &ant to use a lar er font so t!at your audience can read )ore co)forta%ly. 8f your data is in a lan ua e t!at uses special c!aracters+ you need to set a font t!at is co)pati%le &it! t!is lan ua e 1see %elo&. S!o& only fonts co)pati%le &it!.3
0i ure $>;. Usin different font t!e)es
8n 0i ure $>= and 0i ure $>; for e6a)ple you t!at t!at a t!e)e !as %een created for preparin screen s!oots for t!is )anual usin Se oe U8 1#+ and anot!er t!e)e for presentations usin Se oe U8 12.
4RE0ERENCE SETT8NGS
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Create ne& t!e)e Clic7 t!is %utton to create a ne& t!e). 'elete Clic7 t!is %utton to delete t!e selected t!e)e. 0ont sa)ple 'isplays a te6t sa)ple usin t!e selected font. S!o& only fonts co)pati%le &it!. Iou can reduce t!e list of a(aila%le fonts to only t!ose t!at are co)pati%le &it! t!e lan ua e of your pro@ect data. Iou can select all or only so)e o%@ects usin co))on :indo&s selection tec!niBues to c!an e t!e font for all selected o%@ects at once.
Ta%. Stora e
T!e settin s in t!is section relate to %ac7up and file security )odes.
0i ure $>7. General 4references &indo&. ta% Stora e
Load *U into )e)ory co)pletely 'urin a &or7 session+ an *U needs to access t!e *U file to load )e)os+ etc. 8f you e6pect t!is file to %e una(aila%le at ti)es 1e. .+ %ecause of an unrelia%le local net&or73+ you s!ould c!ec7 t!is option. *o&e(er+ loadin ti)es and )e)ory consu)ption are ne ati(ely affected &!en loadin t!e *U co)pletely.
4RE0ERENCE SETT8NGS
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Cac!e pri)ary docu)ents T!e content of pri)ary docu)ents &ill %e 7ept a(aila%le in )e)ory for furt!er access once it !as %een loaded. 1See GContent Cac!in H on pa e 7/ for )ore infor)ation.3 Al&ays create %ac7up copy &!en sa(in a *U :!en sa(in t!e *U+ a copy of t!e e6istin file &it! t!e added e6tension \%ac7upL is created in t!e sa)e directory.
0i ure $>>. 0ile na)e of %ac7up file for *U
Sa(e auto reco(ery info e(ery ^ )inutes ATLAS.ti sa(es reco(ery infor)ation &it!out any user inter(ention. T!e idea %e!ind suc! autoA%ac7ups. S!ould ATLAS.ti or :indo&s cras! or in any ot!er &ay %e ter)inated irre ularly 1e. .+ a po&er failure3+ t!e a)ount of &or7 lost is only t!e &or7 conducted since t!e last autoA%ac7up. :!en e6itin ATLAS.ti or after sa(in t!e *U+ t!e auto reco(ery infor)ation is re)o(ed auto)atically. 8t is stron ly reco))ended to 7eep t!is feature on. Note. 8f you are in edit )ode+ t!e ti)er %ac7up is disa%led. T!is )eans if your co)puter cras!es &!ile you are in edit )ode+ t!e latest reco(ery file is fro) a ti)e %efore you started t!e editin session. Auto)atic %ac7up pat! ,y default+ t!e folder GAuto ,ac7upsH in t!e userLs personal data folder !ierarc!y is used as t!e repository for periodically stored reco(ery infor)ation. Iou can c!an e t!is %y clic7in on ,ro&se %utton.
Ta%. 4at!s
T!e settin s of t!is section affect t!e pat! reference for t!e co))on ATLAS.ti output folders.
4RE0ERENCE SETT8NGS
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0i ure $>/. General 4references &indo&. ta% 4at!s
Te6t%an7 4at! T!e Te6t%an7 folder is a location t!at is pro(ided %y ATLAS.ti as a repository for storin your *U files+ and as an optional location for storin your data files if you &or7 &it! lin7ed rat!er t!an )ana ed docu)ents. See user )anual ATLAS.ti (ersion ; for )ore detail on &or7in &it! lin7ed docu)ents. *TML 4at! Specifies t!e pat! to &!ic! *TML files are sa(ed and &!ere *TML support files 1e. .+ style s!eets3 are located. EML 4at! Specifies t!e pat! to &!ic! EML output is sa(ed and &!ere all style s!eets and support files are located. S4SS 4at! Specifies t!e pat! to &!ic! synta6 and data files related to t!e S4SS output are stored.
Ta%. Te6tAEditors
T!e settin s of t!is section affect t!e %e!a(ior and appearance of t!e editors used for displayin and &ritin co))ents and )e)os+ and for t!e 4' pane &!en displayin te6t docu)ents. T!e follo&in options can %e set for t!e te6t editors and for t!e 4' pane independently.
4RE0ERENCE SETT8NGS
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0i ure $/#. General 4references &indo&. ta% Te6t Editors
:rap )ode acti(e 8f c!ec7ed+ line &rappin occurs as selected in t!e follo&in option. :rap at )ar in 8f &rap )ode is acti(ated+ t!is option defines &rap in )ore detail. 8f c!ec7ed+ te6t is &rapped at t!e current ri !t %order of t!e te6t pane or t!e *UAEditor pane. 8f unc!ec7ed+ &rap is calculated for t!e usa%le pa e &idt! for t!e currently selected printer. Al&ays on top :!en c!ec7ed+ t!e editors &ill float on top of all ot!er &indo&s. T!is option can %e indi(idually set in t!e editor itself. Mar7er Color Iou can )ar7 selected te6t passa es F &!en &or7in on edita%le te6t F si)ilar to usin a !i !li !ter on paper. *o&e(er+ unli7e t!e nonAdestructi(e te)porary selection and !i !li !tin of te6t &!en displayin a Buotation+ t!is option actually )odifies t!e te6t. Clic7 C*ANGE C?L?R to select a different )ar7er color. NonA',CS Lan ua e Support T!e user can specify t!e lan ua e encodin . T!is %eco)es necessary if t!e lan ua e of t!e docu)ent differs fro) t!e lan ua e of t!e :indo&s installation. *o&e(er+ an appropriate font still needs to %e c!osen. 0or eneral infor)ation on t!is issue consult c!apter GLan ua e Settin sG on pa e ;<. Use t!is Lan ua e. 4er)anently selects an appropriate code pa e )atc!in t!e c!aracter set used in your docu)ents 1e. .+ /$2 for Wapanese te6t3.
4RE0ERENCE SETT8NGS
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Use :indo&s Lan ua e for ,ar settin . Acti(ate t!is option to use t!e :indo&s lan ua e settin s. T!e Lan ua e %ar pro(ides a Buic7 &ay to c!an e t!e input lan ua e or 7ey%oard layout fro) your des7top. Iou usually find it )ini)iDed at t!e %otto) leftA!and side of your tas7 %ar. *o&e(er+ it could also %e located else&!ere on your des7top. 'onLt Con(ert te6t. 'o not use any code pa e ot!er t!an t!e default code pa e 1#3. E6tracted te6t is considered nati(e. T!is is t!e default settin .
Ta%. 4' 4rintin

T!e settin s of t!is section affect t!e appearance of t!e docu)ent t!at is printed &!en selectin t!e option '?CUMENTS5?UT4UT54R8NT :8T* MARG8N.
0i ure $/1. General 4references &indo&. ta% 4' 4rintin
4rint !eader pa e 8f c!ec7ed+ creates a !eader info pa e for t!e pri)ary docu)ent. Units of )easure)ent Iou )ay select fro) inc!es+ ))+ c)+ pts and picas. Left+ ri !t+ top+ and %otto) )ar in. C!an e t!e settin s for t!e pa e )ar ins. Added offset to )ar in area Adds desi nated a)ount of space %et&een t!e te6t docu)ent and t!e )ar in area.
4RE0ERENCE SETT8NGS
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Ta%. Me)os
0i ure $/2. General 4references &indo&. ta% Me)os
4ro)pt for title Allo&s you to enter a title )anually for a ne&ly created )e)o 1reco))ended3. Auto title Auto)atically enerates a )e)o title usin t!e i(en te)plate. T!e te)plate can %e edited. Se(eral )acro (aria%les can %e used in t!e te)plate. ad a' aa a! inserts t!e current date inserts date and ti)e inserts t!e current user inserts t!e *ULs na)e
?pen editor on ne& )e)o :!en a )e)o is created+ a )e)o editor is opened. ?pen editor on dou%leAclic75list Buotes Specifies t!e dou%leAclic7 %e!a(ior for )e)os in t!e Me)o Mana er. Iou can c!oose eit!er to open t!e editor or to list t!e Buotations lin7ed to a )e)o. T!e reco))endation is to deacti(ate t!is option as you !a(e easy access to t!e )e)o editor %y clic7in on t!e editor %utton in t!e tool %ar. Glo%al Me)o Types Specify t!e default type used &!en creatin a )e)o. Also allo&s )odifyin + addin + and re)o(in )e)o types. 0or details see GMe)o TypesH on pa e 2<;.
4RE0ERENCE SETT8NGS
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To Set Net&or7 4references

Unli7e settin s )odified usin t!e Net&or7 EditorOs )enu co))ands+ se(eral options can %e )ade per)anent usin t!e net&or7 preferences dialo . Note t!at )ost )odifications are not i))ediately displayed in t!e Net&or7 Editors. Close and reopen a Net&or7 Editor to see t!ese c!an es. 0or all options t!at &ere already descri%ed in t!e Net&or7 EditorLs )enu description+ t!ere &ill only %e a reference. T!e Net&or7 Editor preferences are acti(ated eit!er fro) t!e *U editorLs NET:?RRS 5 4RE0ERENCES or fro) t!e Net&or7 EditorLs S4EC8ALS 5 4RE0ERENCES )enu.
4RE0ERENCE SETT8NGS
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Ta%. General
0i ure $/$. Net&or7 4references. ta% General
'isplay nodes $' 'isplay nodes as si)ple %o6es &it! a $A' %order. Unc!ec7 for a %o6 &it! a drop s!ado&. 'isplay rid ?(erlays t!e net&or7 (ie& &it! a rid to !elp &it! )anual place)ent of nodes. As t!e rid is colored li !t ray+ you need to use a different %ac7 round color &!en usin t!is feature. Auto)atic redra& 1default3 8f disa%led+ t!e net&or7 editor &ill redra& its contents only &!en forcin a repaint (ia '8S4LAI 5 RE0RES* '8S4LAI 1or %y pressin 0=3. 8f t!e auto)atic redra& does not &or7 properly 1i.e.+ certain t!in s are not displayed correctly3+ press 0=. 'isplay node icon 'isplay a type specific icon for t!e nodes. 'ra& %o6 for lin7 la%el S&itc!es %et&een plain te6t display and %o6ed display of lin7 la%els. Rotated lin7 la%el 'isplays la%els rotated+ e. .+ alon side t!e lin7 %et&een t&o o%@ects. ,ac7 round color Sets t!e color for t!e net&or7 editorLs can(as.
4RE0ERENCE SETT8NGS
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Node color Sets t!e color for 1code3 nodes. Auto color &it! %ac7 round 8f acti(atin t!is option+ t!e %ac7 round color is also used in auto color )ode 1&!ic! is set to &!ite %y default3. Green part Custo)iDes t!e auto color procedure. Ran e )in Custo)iDes t!e auto color procedure. Ma6 node &idt! T!e )a6i)u) !oriDontal siDe in pi6els &it!in &!ic! t!e nodeOs te6t is for)atted.
Ta%. Nodes
T!is pa e allo&s you to define t!e default settin s for t!e display of nodes.
0i ure $/<. Net&or7 4references. ta% Nodes
Codes -er%osity Controls t!e len t! of t!e node na)e displayed for codes 1and )e)os3. Iou !a(e t!e option to display t!e na)e only+ or t!e na)e plus co))ent. 8f GNa)e plus co))entH is selected+ you )ay also define !o& )uc! of t!e co))ent s!ould %e displayed. 0irst line+ first para rap!+ or t!e full te6t of t!e co))ent 1see options to t!e ri !t3.
4RE0ERENCE SETT8NGS
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2uotation (er%osity Allo&s four increasin a)ounts of infor)ation to %e displayed. 8f co))ent is displayed Select !o& )uc! te6t of a co))ent s!ould %e displayed. first line+ first para rap! or t!e full te6t. 0ull i)a e for 4's 'isplays rap!ical 4's as s)all i)a es+ also called Kt!u)%nails.H 8n addition+ you can set t!e !oriDontal &idt! in pi6els for all displayed rap!ical 4' t!u)%nails. ,o6 for Buotations 5 pri)ary 'ocu)ents 5 Me)os 'isplay Buotation+ pri)ary docu)ent and )e)o nodes inside a %oundin %o6.
Ta%. 0onts
0i ure $/=. Net&or7 4references. ta% 0onts
Iou can lo%ally specify a font for all nodes and lin7s. 8n addition+ you can c!oose !o& t!e net&or7 title and co))ent s!ould loo7 &!en outputtin a net&or7. 0ont c!an es for nodes and lin7s are (isi%le t!e ne6t ti)e you open a Net&or7 -ie&.
Ta%. 4rintin
Net&or7 -ie&s are printed as %it)aps. Iou !a(e t!e follo&in options. to include t!e title and co))ent 1info pa e3+ to dra& a %order around t!e Net&or7 -ie&+ and to print or i nore t!e %ac7 round color. 0urt!er)ore you can scale t!e Net&or7 -ie& do&n or up to fit it to t!e pa e siDe. T!e )ar in settin s can also %e set to suit indi(idual preferences.
4RE0ERENCE SETT8NGS
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0i ure $/;. Net&or7 4references. ta% 4rintin
Ta%. Miscellaneous
:!en loadin an *U+ all relations used inside t!e *U are i)ported. T!is is co)para%le to &ord processors t!at use styles. 0or relations i)ported %y loadin anot!er *U+ t!e default strate y is to not o(er&rite already loaded relations &it! t!e sa)e 8' 1G'onLt touc! e6istin relationsH3. E6a)ple. 8f your standard set of relations as defined in t!e file default.rel contains a relation 8SA &it! line &idt! 2+ and t!e *U @ust loaded contains t!e sa)e relation %ut defined &it! &idt! 1+ all Net&or7 -ie&s 1of any *U loaded3 &ill display any 8SA lin7 &it! a &idt! of 2. 0urt!er)ore+ &!en you sa(e any of t!e *Us+ t!eir ori inal relational definitions are e6c!an ed &it! t!e current ones.
4RE0ERENCE SETT8NGS
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0i ure $/7. Net&or7 4references. Miscellaneous
C!oosin t!e option G?(er&rite e6istin relationsH does t!e follo&in . 8f a ne& *U is opened+ all already loaded relations t!at use t!e sa)e 8' as relations in t!e ne&ly opened *U are replaced. T!is c!an es t!e c!aracteristics of t!e lin7s in t!e *U loaded pre(iously. Alt!ou ! t!is is co)plicated + pro%le)s rarely occur %ecause different relations &it! t!e sa)e na)e are not (ery co))on in e(eryday &or7.
To Set *TML 4references

A nu)%er of options can %e set to custo)iDe t!e appearance of t!e enerated *TML docu)ent. To set *TML preferences+ select T??LS 5 4RE0ERENCES 5 *TML 4RE0ERENCES fro) t!e )ain )enu.
Ta%. General
4RE0ERENCE SETT8NGS
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0i ure $/>. *TML 4references. ta% General
C!aracter Encodin Controls interpretation of c!aracters encoded &it! (alues %eyond 7A%it ASC88. T!e default is UT0A>. UT0A> !as %eco)e t!e do)inant c!aracter encodin for t!e :orldA:ide :e%+ accountin for )ore t!an !alf of all :e% pa es. 0ile e6tension for i)a e lin7s 8f you &ant to include net&or7 (ie&s in *TML output+ you need to sa(e t!e) as rap!ic files to t!e ATLAS.ti *TML folder 1see GGeneral 4references Settin Ta%. 4at!sG on pa e <$2+ and GTo insert Net&or7 -ie& i)a es into *TML filesG on pa e <1/. S!ort Report ?nly t!e na)e+ aut!or+ date+ and co))entary of t!e *U %eco)e part of t!e *TML docu)ent. All ot!er setup options are disa%led. Create contents ta%le A list of all sections in t!e *TML pa e is created. All sections can %e @u)ped to fro) t!e contents ta%le. 8nclude *U co))ent 8ncludes t!e *ULs co))ent in italics. 8nclude statistics A s!ort nu)erical su))ary of t!e )ain o%@ects included in t!e *U is created. 8nclude lin7 to pro@ect A lin7 is included t!at allo&s t!e reader of t!e *TML pa e do&nload t!e *U itself. 8f t!is lin7 is acti(ated+ a copy %undle (ersion of t!e pro@ect )ust %e pro(ided and copied to t!e location of t!e *TML pa e. 8nclude aut!or1s3 8ncludes t!e na)e of t!e *ULs aut!or and coAaut!ors+ if any.
4RE0ERENCE SETT8NGS
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Ta%. 4ri)ary 'ocs
0i ure $//. *TML 4references. ta% 4ri)ary 'ocu)ents
8nclude 4ri)ary 'ocs section C!ec7 t!is %o6 if you &ant to include infor)ation a%out t!e 4's. ,ullets. 'isplays a specific icon &it! e(ery 4' description. Co))ent. 8ncludes t!e 4'Ls co))ent. 8nclusion date. 8ncludes t!e date t!e 4' &as assi ned to t!e *U. URL Reference 1Te6t and W4EG only3. 8ncludes a clic7a%le lin7 to t!e 4' file. Note t!at if t!e files are plain ASC88+ W4EG+ or of anot!er suita%le file type+ 4's can %e displayed %y )ost &e% %ro&sers &it!out additional plu Ains. Content 1Te6t and W4EG only3. 'isplays t!e contents of t!e 4's &it!in t!e created *TML docu)ent itself. T!e sa)e restrictions for file types apply as in GReference to 4'H. Note t!at t!e siDe of t!e &e% pa e increases si nificantly &it! t!e inAlined inclusion of 4's. 2uotations. ?nly t!e nu)%er of Buotations is included. Codes. 'isplays t!e codes used for codin t!e 4'. Me)os. 'isplays )e)os 1titles3 used for t!e 4'. Use a%solute pat!s for test runs C!ec7 t!is option &!en testin t!e &e% pa e on your local co)puter. A%solute pat!s to all 4's are included in t!e lin7s created. Ma7e sure to unc!ec7 t!is %o6 &!en you are creatin t!e final pa e to %e uploaded to a &e% ser(er. :!en unc!ec7ed+ all pat!s &ill %e re)o(ed+ assu)in t!at t!e 4' files are t!en located in t!e sa)e location as t!e &e% pa e itself. :it!out t!is option+ all 4's accessed fro) t!e &e% pa e created &ould !a(e to %e copied to t!e *TML directory to %e displayed properly &!en needed.
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'onLt &rap inlined te6t Use t!e line %rea7s of t!e ori inal te6t. 8f unc!ec7ed+ line %rea7s are re)o(ed in order to let t!e *TML %ro&ser apply dyna)ic &rappin .
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Ta%. Codes
0i ure <##. *TML 4references. ta% Codes
8nclude codes section 8ncludes infor)ation a%out codes. ,ullets. 'isplays a specific icon &it! e(ery code description. Su))ary. Lists all codes includin t!e la%el+ roundedness+ and density count. List sorted %y. includes scrolla%le lists t!at sort t!e codes alp!a%etically includes scrolla%le lists t!at sort t!e codes %y nu)%er of te6t references+ i.e.+ roundedness. includes scrolla%le lists t!at sort t!e codes connecti(ity+ i.e. nu)%er of code nei !%ors 1N density3. 0ull description section includin co))ents. All codes t!at !a(e co))ents are listed in an e6tra section. T!e su))ary !as lin7s to t!ese descriptions for all co))ented codes.
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Ta%. Me)os
0i ure <#1. *TML 4references. ta% Me)os
8nclude )e)os section 8ncludes infor)ation a%out )e)os. ,ullets. 'isplays t!e )e)o icon &it! e(ery )e)o description. 0ull te6t. 8ncludes t!e co)plete te6t %ody. 'o not &rap lines. Reeps t!e line5para rap! structure of t!e )e)o intact.
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Ta%. 0a)ilies
0i ure <#2. *TML 4references. ta% 0a)ilies
8nclude fa)ilies section 8ncludes infor)ation a%out fa)ilies. ,ullets. 'isplays t!e fa)ily icon &it! e(ery fa)ily description. 8nclude 1$ options3. 4' fa)ilies code fa)ilies )e)o fa)ilies
4RE0ERENCE SETT8NGS
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Ta%. Net&or7 -ie&s
0i ure <#$. *TML 4references. ta% Net&or7 -ie&s
8nclude net&or7s section 8ncludes infor)ation a%out Net&or7 -ie&s. ,ullets. 'isplays a specific icon &it! e(ery Net&or7 -ie& description. Node list. 8ncludes a te6tual description of e(ery node. Code nei !%ors list. Te6tual description of t!e co)plete net&or7 structure in a Gt!esaurus styleH for)at. for e(ery alp!a%etically listed node+ displays its direct nei !%ors. *ierarc!ical list. Con(erts t!e net&or7 into a !ierarc!y. 8dentifies t!e root o%@ects and displays an indented GforestH of trees. Reference to Net&or7 -ie& rap!ic files. 8ncludes lin7s to t!e rap!ic files created fro) t!e Net&or7 -ie&s. T!ese files !a(e to %e created )anually. A co))on file for)at is :indo&s En!anced Metafile 1e)f3. See GSa(e Net&or7 -ie& as Grap!ic 0ileH on pa e $<#. 8nline Net&or7 -ie& rap!ic files. As a%o(e+ %ut displays t!e rap!ic i)a es in t!e &e% pa e itself.
To Set Goo le Eart! 4references

To set Goo le Eart! preferences+ select T??LS 5 4RE0ERENCES 5 G??GLE EART* 4RE0ERENCES fro) t!e )ain )enu.
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0i ure <#<. Goo le Eart! 4references
Ta%. General
E)%ed Goo leEart! &it!in *U Editor Too le %et&een e)%eddin GE in to t!e *U editor or diplayin GE in a separate &indo&. Ti)eout for startin 8ncrease t!is (alue if it ta7es a lon er ti)e for GE to start and ATLAS.ti does not position to a ca)era (ie&. 0lyAtoAspeed Ad@ust t!e speed t!at is used to tra(el %et&een t&o Buotations.
Ta%. Snaps!ots
'ecide &!ic! ta s+ %uttons and settin s s!ould %e included &!en creatin a GE snaps!ot fro) a GE docu)ent.
Ta%. E6port
?pen features after E6portin to Goo leEart! :!en creatin a ne& Buotation+ you need to e6port it to GE %efore you can see it 1see GError. Reference source not found on pa e Error. Reference source not found3. :!en you acti(ate t!is feature+ t!e To)porary 4laces tree is s!o&n s!o&in t!e *U and t!e Buotations as %ranc!es.
4RE0ERENCE SETT8NGS
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E6trusion Set t!e distance %et&een t!e place)ar7 icon and t!e round in )eter. Snippet lines Set t!e nu)%er of lines t!at are displayed for t!e Buotation co))ent in t!e Goo le Eart! 4laces 4anel. 8nclude )eta data in Buotation e6port 'ecide &!ic! )eta infor)ation for a Buote s!ould %e transferred and displayed in Goo le Eart!.
Ta%. 8)port
8)port file or folder na)e for RML 5 RMV files 'ecide &!ic! default 4' na)e s!ould %e use for your RML and RMV files. 8)port place)ar7s &!en assi nin 4ds Select &!et!er you &ant to i)port place)ar7s &!en assi nin a RML or RMV file as pri)ary docu)ent. 'efault na)e for Buotation 'ecide &!ic! default na)e s!ould %e used for GE Buotations. t!e na)e of t!e pri)ary docu)ent or t!e na)e of a feature+ if a(aila%le.
To Set 4'0 4references

To set 4'0 preferences+ select T??LS 5 4RE0ERENCES 5 4'0 4RE0ERENCES fro) t!e )ain )enu.
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0i ure <#=. 4'0 4references
Ta%. 'isplay
'efault pa e display )ode. C!oose %et&een continuous and sin le pa e )ode. 'isplay te6t opti)iDed for LC' screen. T!is s)oot!es te6t aso it displays %etter on LC' screens and laptops. Selection !i !li !t color. :!en !i !li !tin sections in a 4'0 docu)ent+ t!e color s!o&n in t!e %o6 is used as !i !li !tin color. Select a different color %y clic7in on t!e %o6.
Ta%. Na(i ation

?pen %oo7)ar7s na(i ator &!en loadin a 4'0 doc. 8f you !a(e docu)ents t!at contain %oo7)ar7s+ t!ey can %e displayed in t!e na(i ation pane on t!e ri !tA!and of t!e *U Editor. E6pand all %oo7)ar7 le(els. Select to s!o& all %oo7)ar7 le(els.
0i ure <#;. 'isplay of %oo7)ar7s in side panel
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To Set Li(e Update 4references

T!e default is set to c!ec7 for updates &!en startin t!e soft&are. Iou are alerted if ne& ser(ice pac7s are a(aila%le. 8nstallin ser(ice pac7s is only possi%le if t!e user !as ad)inistrati(e ri !ts to t!e co)puter and+ under -ista 5 :indo&s 7 C >+ if ATLAS.ti is e6plicitly run as ad)inistrator 1see %elo&3. 8f a user does not !a(e ad)inistrati(e ri !ts+ it is %est to deacti(ate t!e auto)atic c!ec7 and as7 your ad)inistrator fro) ti)e to ti)e to update ATLAS.ti for you.
0i ure <#7. Li(e Update Connection Settin s
A t!reeA)ont!s inter(al is reco))ended.
Ta%. Auto)atic Update C!ec7 ?n Startup

4ro!i%it c!ec7in for updates for all users. Select if you do not &ant ATLAS.ti to c!ec7 for updates &!en startin . C!ec7 for updates on startup 1default3. E(ery ti)e you start ATLAS.ti+ ATLAS.ti c!ec7s &!et!er t!ere are ne& ser(ice pac7s a(aila%le and pro)pts you to update.
Ta%. 4ro6y Settin s

Iou can set a nu)%er of pro6y settin s. T!e default is for auto)atic pro6y detection+ %ut it is also possi%le to enter a !ost nu)%er and port nu)%er )anually.
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Ta%. Miscellaneous Connection Settin s

'o not pin ser(er to c!ec7 connecti(ity. 4in is a net&or7 pro ra) t!at sends s!ort data pac7a es 1Kec!o reBuestsK3 to a particular !ost and t!en listens to a response. 4in also )easures t!e round trip ti)e of a pac7a eAAAt!e ti)e elapsed %et&een &!en a pac7a e is sent and a response is recei(ed. 4in ena%les you to find out a ser(er 84 address and deter)ines t!e accessi%ility of t!e ser(er. 8f you do not &ant t!is+ acti(ate t!is option.
To Set T!e User 8nterface Lan ua e

Currently you can s&itc! %et&een t!e default lan ua e En lis! and Spanis!. ?t!er lan ua es &ill follo& soon+ Ger)an &ill %e ne6t. 1Star Tre7 fans+ try out Rlin onJ3
To s&itc! fro) t!e default lan ua e to Spanis! or any ot!er lan ua e+ select T??LS 5 4RE0ERENCES 5 SET USER 8NTER0ACE LANGUAGE 4RE0ERENCES.
0i ure <#>. Set User 8nterface La ua e
Iou need to restart ATLAS.ti for it to ta7e effect. Clic7 ?R.
0i ure <#/. Restart ATLAS.ti after c!an in t!e user interface lan ua e
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Appendi6
Useful Resources
T!e ATLAS.ti :e%site
!ttp.55&&&.atlasti.co) T!e ATLAS.ti &e%site s!ould %e a re ular place to (isit. *ere you &ill find i)portant infor)ation suc! as (ideo tutorials+ additional docu)entation of (arious soft&are features+ &or7s!op announce)ents+ special ser(ice pro(iders+ and announce)ents of recent ser(ice pac7s and patc!es.
2uic7 Tour
!ttp.55Buic7tour.atlasti.co) To et started+ &e reco))end to &or7 your &ay t!rou ! t!e 2uic7 Tour. 8n a%out t&o !ours you et an o(er(ie& of t!e )ain functions and an idea on !o& to conduct an analysis &it! ATLAS.ti. :!en you are ready to start your o&n pro@ect+ use t!e GS!ort ManualH1see %elo&3 as your continuin uide.
ATLAS.ti 7 F :!atOs Ne&

!ttp.55&!atsne&.atlasti.co) T!is docu)ent is intended specifically for users &!o already !a(e e6perience usin t!e pre(ious (ersion+ ATLAS.ti ;+ and &!o are )a7in t!e s&itc! to t!e latest eneration+ in t!is case (.7.
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0ull Manual and G*o& ToH 'ocu)ents

!ttp.55)anual.atlasti.co) 0ind infor)ation on net&or7 installation+ tips and tric7s and special instructions on !o& to &or7 &it! specific type of docu)ents.
-ideo tutorials
!ttp.55tutorials.atlasti.co) 8f you li7e to learn (ia (ideo tutorials+ &e offer a ran e of s!ort (ideos on t!e follo&in topis. 0eatures and 8nterface+ Gettin started on a pro@ect+ Codin + -isualiDin F :or7in &it! Net&or7 -ie&s and *yperlin7s.
Li%rary
!ttp.55li%rary.atlasti.co) T!e li%rary contains a list of &!ite papers %y (arious aut!ors 1)ostly ATLAS.ti trainers and consultants3 e6tracted fro) past ne&sletters. Su%)issions are al&ays &elco)e.
Rno&led e ,ase
!ttp.557%.atlasti.co) Searc! t!e 7no&led e %ase for i))ediate Buestions you )ay !a(e related to licenses+ installation+ update procedures+ trou%le s!ootin or useArelated Buestions. A Buic7 searc! )ay already pro(ide t!e ans&er &it!out !a(in to di for an ans&er in t!e full )anual.
Social Media
IouTu%e
!ttp.55youtu%e.atlasti.co) Iou find a ro&in nu)%er of (ideo tutorials on t!e ATLAS.ti IouTu%e c!annel. So far (ideos are a(aila%le in En lis! and Spanis!+ ot!er to co)e.
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0ace%oo7
!ttp.55face%oo7.atlasti.co) Stay updated &it! t!e latest ne&s on product updates+ special offers+ ne& trainin )aterials+ etc. %y @oinin us on 0ace%oo7. :e are also !appy to !ear fro) users (ia face%oo7. Stop %y and let us 7no& a%out your pro@ects and e6perience &it! ATLAS.tiJ
T&itter
!ttp.55t&itter.atlasti.co) 0ollo& us on T&itter for t!e )ost essential %its of infor)ation and announce)ents 1(ersion and ser(ice pac7 releases+ special offers+ trainin opportunities+ etc.3.
Ne&sroo)
!ttp.55ne&sroo).atlasti.co) T!e ne&sroo) a re ates all pertinent co)pany ne&s con(eniently on a sin le platfor). 4ress releases+ articles and co))ents fro) t!e (arious ATLAS.ti profiles on social net&or7in sites are a lo)erated in real ti)e. 8n addition+ t!e ne&sroo) lets you su%scri%e to a(aila%le content (ia RSS so youOre al&ays upAtoAdate on &!atOs oin on &it! ATLAS.ti.
T!e *elp Menu

Iou can access a nu)%er of resources (ia t!e ATLAS.ti *elp )enu.
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0i ure <1#. Accessin resources (ia t!e *elp )enu
T!e options pro(ided (ia t!e More Resources su% )enu )ay c!an e o(er ti)e reflectin t!e upAtoAdate status on docu)entations a(aila%le. So it )ay %e &ort!&!ile to c!ec7 t!is )enu fro) ti)e to ti)e. All options present lin7s to internet &e% sites. T!us+ you need to %e online to access t!ese resources. Apart fro) t!e Codin Analyis Tool7it 1CAT3+ all ot!er options are selfAe6planatory. T!erefore+ you find a %rief introduction to CAT in t!e section GCalculatin 8nterACoder Relia%ility usin CATG on pa e $#<. Updates and License. All options related to updatin and licensin !a(e %een su%su)ed !ere.
0i ure <11. Update and License su% )enu
Gettin Support
!ttp.55support.atlasti.co) T!e easiest &ay to contact t!e Support Center is (ia t!e )ain )enu option *EL4 5 M?RE RES?URCES 5 C?NTACT SU44?RT. ?r access t!e Support Center directly (ia t!e a%o(e URL.
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0ro) t!e cate ories pro(ided+ select t!e appropriate option so your reBuest can %e processed as Buic7ly as possi%le.
0i ure <12. List of support c!annels
0reBuently As7ed 2uestions

!ttp.557%.atlasti.co) 0reBuently as7ed Buestions are collected in our 7no&led e %ase on our &e%site. To access t!e site directly fro) ATLAS.ti+ select *EL4 5 M?RE RES?URCES 5 -8S8T 0A2 fro) t!e *U editorLs )ain )enu. An acti(e 8nternet connection is reBuired to access t!is &e% pa e.
0oru)
!ttp.55foru).atlasti.co) ATLAS.ti )aintains (arious a lar e foru) for peerAtoApeer co))unication+ i. e. for users to 1(irtually3 )eet+ e6c!an e e6periences &it! t!e tool+ s!are tips and tric7s+ and discuss tec!nical and )et!odolo ical issues t!at arise &it! t!e use of t!e pro ra). Note t!at t!e foru) is not an actual support c!annel %ut a place for t!e lar er co))unity to discuss issues of eneral interest in a pu%licly (isi%le &ay. 8f you e6perience tec!nical difficulties+ please contact Support 1see a%o(e3. Tec!nical ad(ice %y ot!er users s!ould al&ays %e used &it! caution and is not al&ays accurate. A co)petent dia nosis of tec!nical pro%le)s can only %e )ade %y our support tea) after e6a)inin your actual installation.
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Mailin List Arc!i(e

Li7e t!e foru)+ t!e )ailin list is anot!er tool for peerAtoApeer discussion+ ad(ice+ and tips. T!e co)plete )ailin list arc!i(e can %e con(eniently accessed (ia *EL4 5 M?RE RES?URCES 5 T*E MA8L8NGL8ST ARC*8-E.
Reportin ,u s
Most errors t!at occur durin t!e operation of ATLAS.ti are displayed and &ritten to a special lo file na)ed ERR?R.L?G. T!is te6t file is located in t!e user syste) directory. T!e contents of t!is file can only %e interpreted %y t!e de(elopers of t!e pro ra) and is of no use for ot!ers. 8f you file a %u report+ you )i !t %e as7ed to send a syste) report includin t!is file to a specified support eA)ail address. T!e error report contains t!e follo&in . T!e ERR?R.L?G file. T!e Syste) Report 1&!ic! you can (ie& (ia *EL4 5 TEC* SU44?RT 8N0? 5 '8S4LAI SISTEM RE4?RT3 T!e userLs confi uration file USER.8N8. T!e ATLAS.ti confi uration file ATLAS.8N8. T!e list of files in ATLAS.tiLs pro ra) folder. T!e list of files in t!e userLs syste) folder. T!e infor)ation in t!e pac7a e contains tec!nical infor)ation needed for t!e tec!nical support personnel to analyDe and respond to reported pro%le)s. E6cept for t!e content of t!e ERR?R.L?G+ t!e syste) report and t&o 8N8 files5 No ot!er file content is transferred. To send an error report+ fro) t!e )ain )enu+ select *EL4 5 TEC* SU44?RT 8N0? 5 CREATE AN' MA8L RE4?RT. A )essa e infor)s you t!at t!e report !as %een created and &!ic! files it includes. Clic7 ?R.
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0i ure <1$. T!is )essa e infor)s a%out a%out t!e files included in t!e %undle
ATLAS.ti launc!es your default e)ail client and creates a ne& )essa e addressed to an ATLAS.ti support address. T!e report file 1e6tension. G.AtlRepH3 s!ould already %e attac!ed to t!e )ail auto)atically. 8n cases &!ere it isnOt+ please attac! it )anually9 its e6act location is indicated in t!e onAscreen )essa e. T!e %ody of t!e )essa e displays additional instructions. Al&ays include a description of t!e pro%le) in your o&n &ords alon &it! t!e reportMt!e report file onlyH7no&sH a%out t!e state of your ATLAS.ti installation %ut not t!e circu)stances of !o& a pro%le) occurred. 'escri%e in as )uc! detail as necessary. :!at e6actly &ere you doin &!en t!e pro%le) occurred+ &!at e6actly !appened+ can t!e pro%le) %e reproduced and under &!at circu)stances. 8n particular+ also %e sure to Buote any error )essa es t!at you )ay see. ?ur support staff needs t!is infor)ation and &ill %e !appy to assist you once all t!e infor)ation is pro(ided. Ma7e sure you !a(e an acti(e 8nternet connection and send t!e )ail. ?ur support tea) &ill usually respond in less t!an 2< !ours.
Ser(ice 4ac7s C 4atc!es F Li(e Update

4ro ra) updates 1patc!es and ser(ice pac7s3 are re ularly a(aila%le to update your installation. T!e pro ra) do&nloads and installs t!ese ser(ice pac7s auto)atically.
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4ro(ided you !a(e ad)inistrati(e ri !ts to your co)puter 1note. under -8STA and :indo&s 7+ you need to e6plicitly run ATLAS.ti as ad)inistrator in addition to %ein lo ed in &it! full ad)inistrator ri !ts in :indo&s3+ ATLAS.ti c!ec7s for ne& ser(ice pac7s upon start up 1t!is reBuires an 8nternet connection3. 8f a ne& ser(ice pac7 is found+ you &ill %e infor)ed and as7ed to install it.
To Run T!e Soft&are As Ad)inistrator 1for -8STA And :indo&s 7 Users3

Ri !t clic7 on t!e pro ra) icon instead of dou%le clic7in . 0ro) t!e conte6t )enu+ select t!e option 1t!at appears in t!e lan ua e of your :indo&s syste)3 RUN AS A'M8N8STRAT?R. Alternati(ely+ !old do&n t!e Ctrl_S!ift 7ey &!en you start ATLAS.ti. A :indo&s )essa e pops up t!at you need to confir). Ne6t+ a )essa e enerated %y ATLAS.ti pops up infor)in you t!at you run t!e soft&are in ad)inistrati(e )ode. Confir) t!is )essa e as &ell. No& you s!ould !a(e t!e necessary ri !ts to install ser(ice pac7s 1and also to create ne& user accounts3.
Li(e Update Settin s

Iou find t!e settin s for t!e li(e update under *EL4 5 U4'ATES
AN'
L8CENSE
0i ure <1<. Li(e update settin s
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Iou !a(e t!e option to pro!i%it t!e li(e update for instance for settin s &!ere users to not !a(e ad)inistrati(e ri !ts to t!e co)puter. ?r if internet access is not al&ays a(aila%le. T!en it can %eco)e Buite annoyin if ATLAS.ti starts t!e update reBuest+ @ust to find out after !alf a )inute t!at no 8nternet access is a(aila%le. Iou can set t!e pro6y settin s or enter an aut!entication if needed. :e stron ly reco))end t!at you lea(e auto)atic update c!ec7in ena%led 1see *elp )enu3. ,y al&ays 7eepin ATLAS.ti upAtoAdate you a(oid pro%le)s and %enefit fro) on oin continuous de(elop)ent of ne& tools and features. Also+ in case you need to reBuest assistance &it! a tec!nical pro%le)+ our support tea) )ay not %e a%le to assist you as Buic7ly if your installation is se(erely outAofAdate Updatin re ularly is %eneficial on all le(els+ so t!e ada e Gne(er c!an e a runnin syste)H &e so)eti)es !ear isAAat least as far as ATLAS.ti is concernedAAa )is uided superstition t!at &ill !a)per you )ore t!an anyt!in . 8f it &asnOt for t!e )any 1free3 ser(ice pac7s5updates &e pu%lis! for eac! pro ra) eneration+ users &ould still not %e a%le to perfor) a reat )any tas7s t!at t!ey !ence !a(e co)e to consider essential for t!eir &or7+ suc! as sur(ey processin + EML styles!eets+ s)oot! 4'0+ and )any )ore. All of t!ese &ere introduced in free ser(ice pac7sJ
Manual 8nstallation ?f Ser(ice 4ac7s

0or t!ose rare cases &!ere an 8nternet connection is not a(aila%le to use t!e co)forta%le li(e update procedure 1usually users on !i !ly secure net&or7s3+ t!ere is a &or7around t!at lets you install t!e ser(ice pac7s )anually. T!is is not t!e reco))ended procedure for any installation &!ere a nor)al li(e internet connection e6ists. Suc! users s!ould rely on t!e )uc! )ore con(enient Li(e Update process. T!e )anual update procedure is as follo&s. C!ec7 your current (ersion includin t!e %uild nu)%er and t!e )ost recent (ersion. As updates 1ser(ice pac7s and patc!es3 for ATLAS.ti are incre)ental you )ay need to do&nload a nu)%er of files to update your installation. As7 our support to pro(ide you &ill a direct lin7 to do&nload t!e appropriate files 1*EL4 5 M?RE RES?URCES 5 SU44?RT CENTER3. 'o&nload t!ese files and t!en copy t!e) into a special folder of your ATLAS.ti installation so t!at t!e ser(ice pac7 )ana er &ill find t!e). Iou can access t!e default folder (ia T??LS 5 EE4L?RER 5 SER-8CE4ACR 0?L'ER. After you !a(e do&nloaded+ transferred t!e files to t!e ATLAS.ti co)puter into t!e so called GSer(ice 4ac7 0olderH.
A44EN'8E
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Start ATLAS.ti 1if not already opened3 Launc! t!e Ser(ice 4ac7 Mana er &!ile !oldin t!e S*80T 7ey 1J3. *EL4 5 U4'ATE AN' L8CENSE5 SER-8CE 4ACR MANAGER. *oldin do&n t!e S*80T 7ey pre(ents t!e Ser(ice 4ac7 Mana er fro) tryin to connect to our ser(er.
0i ure <1=. T!e Ser(ice 4ac7 8nstaller &indo&
T!e update file1s3 1].sp73 s!ould %e displayed. Clic7 8NSTALL to proceed and follo& t!e instructions on your screen. 8f )ultiple updates need to %e installed+ you )ay !a(e to repeat t!e procedure.
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Ad)inistrator.................................................................................................................................................................................................1<> Aut!or............................................................................................................................................................................................................1<7 Auto Codin ..................................................................................................................................................................................................21/ Scope..........................................................................................................................................................................................................22# Auto)atic %ac7up..........................................................................................................................................................................................12> ,oolean operators..........................................................................................................................................................................................2;# CoAaut!ors.....................................................................................................................................................................................................1=2 Code Mi ration..............................................................................................................................................................................................$</ Codes Co))ents..........................................................................................................................................................................................1/=+ <1# 'eletin ......................................................................................................................................................................................................2#< 'isplay........................................................................................................................................................................................................1>/ 0ree codes...................................................................................................................................................................................................2#1 Rena)in ...................................................................................................................................................................................................2#$ Codin ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................1>7 CodeA%yAlist................................................................................................................................................................................................1/$ Colla%oration.................................................................................................................................................................................................1<7 Co))utati(ity...............................................................................................................................................................................................2;$ Conceptual le(el.............................................................................................................................................................................................1;; Copy ,undle........................................................................................................................................................................................................ Conflicts......................................................................................................................................................................................................1$< Mi rate.......................................................................................................................................................................................................1$2 Restore.......................................................................................................................................................................................................1$2 4at!s..........................................................................................................................................................................................................1$$ 'e ree 1nodes3..............................................................................................................................................................................................$#> 'i)ension......................................................................................................................................................................................................<#/ 'ra C 'rop................................................................................................................................................................................;1+ 72+ 7;+ 277 E)%edded ?%@ects...................................................................................................................................................................................;;+ 1<# Editin ........................................................................................................................................................................................................1<$ Episte)olo ical pri)iti(es..............................................................................................................................................................................$11 Error.lo file...................................................................................................................................................................................................<;# E6port net&or7..............................................................................................................................................................................................$</ E6tension.......................................................................................................................................................................................................2;2 0a)ilies..........................................................................................................................................................................................................22= Add ite)s...................................................................................................................................................................................................22> As filters......................................................................................................................................................................................................2$1 Create.........................................................................................................................................................................................................22> Create fro) net&or7 (ie&s.........................................................................................................................................................................2<1 0a)ily Mana er..........................................................................................................................................................................................227 Re)o(e......................................................................................................................................................................................................2$$ 0ilter $>1 0onts <<# Grap! t!eory..................................................................................................................................................................................................$#> Grounded T!eory...................................................................................................................................................................................1>7+ $11 *er)eneutic Unit................................................................................................................................................................................................. Load last used...............................................................................................................................................................................................;1 Sa(e..............................................................................................................................................................................................................;1 *er)eneutic Unit editor...................................................................................................................................................................................2/ *ierarc!ical (ie&............................................................................................................................................................................................$;> *TML................................................................................................................................................................................................................... A%solute pat!s............................................................................................................................................................................................<<< Code lists....................................................................................................................................................................................................<<; Contents ta%le............................................................................................................................................................................................<<$
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0ile siDe.......................................................................................................................................................................................................<1/ 8nclude *4R lin7.........................................................................................................................................................................................<<$ includin net&or7 (ie&s.............................................................................................................................................................................<1/ 8nlined docu)ents......................................................................................................................................................................................<<< 8nlinin net&or7 (ie&s................................................................................................................................................................................<</ 4' reference...............................................................................................................................................................................................<<< 4references.................................................................................................................................................................................................<<2 Reference to net&or7 (ie&.........................................................................................................................................................................<</ S!ort report................................................................................................................................................................................................<<$ *U Editor............................................................................................................................................................................................................. launc!in o%@ect )ana er.............................................................................................................................................................................$# Mar in Area................................................................................................................................................................................................1>> Status ,ar......................................................................................................................................................................................................$$ title %ar.........................................................................................................................................................................................................$# *yperlin7.............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 'efinin ne& relations................................................................................................................................................................................$;# *yperte6t.......................................................................................................................................................................................................$=2 Creatin lin7s..............................................................................................................................................................................................$=7 8)port net&or7..............................................................................................................................................................................................$=# 8ncre)ental Searc!...........................................................................................................................................................................................<1 8nte ration.......................................................................................................................................................................................................1# 8ntension........................................................................................................................................................................................................2;2 8ntensional Codes...........................................................................................................................................................................................27= Layout............................................................................................................................................................................................................$$7 Line54ara rap! Nu)%ers.................................................................................................................................................................................$# Lin7 co))ents...............................................................................................................................................................................................$;$ Mar in Area...................................................................................................................................................................................2#=+ 21#+ $;$ Me)o Editor..................................................................................................................................................................................................2<< Me)o fa)ilies...............................................................................................................................................................................................2<2 Me)os................................................................................................................................................................................................................. Types..........................................................................................................................................................................................................2<; Use as 4's..................................................................................................................................................................................................2<7 (s. Codes....................................................................................................................................................................................................2<$ Me)os ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................2<$ Mer e Codes.................................................................................................................................................................................................2#= Mer e *Us....................................................................................................................................................................................................1=< Lin7 conflict resolution................................................................................................................................................................................1=> Mer e :iDard.............................................................................................................................................................................................1=; Report.........................................................................................................................................................................................................1;# Scaled codes...............................................................................................................................................................................................1=/ Stoc7 strate ies...........................................................................................................................................................................................1=; Strate y......................................................................................................................................................................................................1== Add.........................................................................................................................................................................................................1== C!oosin .................................................................................................................................................................................................1=; 8 nore......................................................................................................................................................................................................1== Tunin .....................................................................................................................................................................................................1=7 Unify.......................................................................................................................................................................................................1== Unify 4's................................................................................................................................................................................................1== Tar et *U...................................................................................................................................................................................................1== Usin 8 nore 0a)ilies..................................................................................................................................................................................1== Mind )aps.....................................................................................................................................................................................................$#7 MSEML................................................................................................................................................................................................................ (ersion........................................................................................................................................................................................................$// MultiAaut!orin ..............................................................................................................................................................................................1<7 Na)ed lin7s...................................................................................................................................................................................................$1# Net&or7 Editor...............................................................................................................................................................................171+ $1#+ $12 C!an e Relation.........................................................................................................................................................................................$2$ Color...........................................................................................................................................................................................................$<; 'ra C 'rop...............................................................................................................................................................................................$;> 'ra te6t fro) :ord..................................................................................................................................................................................$17 Edit *yperlin7.............................................................................................................................................................................................$;= 0onts...........................................................................................................................................................................................................$<7 8)port nei !%ors........................................................................................................................................................................................$$1 Lin7 'isplay................................................................................................................................................................................................$1# Lin7 nodes..................................................................................................................................................................................................$1/ Lin7s................................................................................................................................................................................................................. Cut..........................................................................................................................................................................................................$2$ Mer e Codes..............................................................................................................................................................................................$=#
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Nodes............................................................................................................................................................................................................... Appearance.............................................................................................................................................................................................$<> 8)port.....................................................................................................................................................................................................$1; pendin c!an es...........................................................................................................................................................................................;2 4references.................................................................................................................................................................................................<$7 sa(e as rap!ic............................................................................................................................................................................................$<# Tra(erse *yperlin7s.....................................................................................................................................................................................$;2 Net&or7 -ie& Mana er.........................................................................................................................................................................$1;+ $72 Net&or7 (ie&s...............................................................................................................................................................................................$#/ as contents ta%le.........................................................................................................................................................................................$=2 Creatin ......................................................................................................................................................................................................$1= Net&or7s.......................................................................................................................................................................................................$#7 Node types.............................................................................................................................................................................................$1#+ $1$ Nodes.............................................................................................................................................................................................................$#> ?%@ect Cra&ler.......................................................................................................................................................................................171+ $;; open..........................................................................................................................................................................................................$;; ?%@ect E6plorer..............................................................................................................................................................................................$;> ?%@ect Mana ers................................................................................................................................................................................................. Codes...........................................................................................................................................................................................................<7 4ri)ary docu)ents.......................................................................................................................................................................................<2 2uotations....................................................................................................................................................................................................<= Selectin ite)s..............................................................................................................................................................................................<# ?rder 1nodes3................................................................................................................................................................................................$#> 4arallel searc!................................................................................................................................................................................................212 4ass&ord........................................................................................................................................................................................................1</ 4' 0a)ily Ta%le.............................................................................................................................................................................................2$/ E6port.........................................................................................................................................................................................................2<# 4lain Te6t.......................................................................................................................................................................................................1<# 4references............................................................................................................................................................................................$<;+ <2< ,ac7up........................................................................................................................................................................................................<$1 'isplay........................................................................................................................................................................................................<2; 0onts...........................................................................................................................................................................................................<2/ General.......................................................................................................................................................................................................<2= *TML.........................................................................................................................................................................................................<1; 4rintin .......................................................................................................................................................................................................<$= Te6t Editors......................................................................................................................................................................................<$2p.+ <$= 4ri)ary docu)ent................................................................................................................................................................................................ Cac!in ........................................................................................................................................................................................................7> C!an e 4osition............................................................................................................................................................................................7; 'isconnect....................................................................................................................................................................................................>; fa)ily................................................................................................................................................................................................................ S4SS........................................................................................................................................................................................................2<1 Load.............................................................................................................................................................................................................77 Mar7in se )ents......................................................................................................................................................................................1;; Na(i ation....................................................................................................................................................................................................># Renu)%er.....................................................................................................................................................................................................77 4ri)ary 'ocu)ent 4ane..................................................................................................................................................................................$# 4ri)ary 'ocu)ents.............................................................................................................................................................................................. Multi)edia...................................................................................................................................................................................................;> 4lain Te6t......................................................................................................................................................................................................;7 RT0 ;; sa(in .........................................................................................................................................................................................................1<# SiDe Restrictions............................................................................................................................................................................................;; Supported 0or)ats.......................................................................................................................................................................................;$ :ord............................................................................................................................................................................................................;; 4ro@ect Maintenance............................................................................................................................................................................................ Copy ,undle...............................................................................................................................................................................................12/ 4ro@ect Mana e)ent......................................................................................................................................................................................11> 4ro@ect plannin .............................................................................................................................................................................................$$> 4ro6i)ity ?perators.......................................................................................................................................................................................2;$ 2ualitati(e Analysis........................................................................................................................................................................................./p. 2uery Tool........................................................................................................................................................................................................... ,oolean operators.......................................................................................................................................................................................2;# 2ueryTool......................................................................................................................................................................................................2=> ,oolean operators............................................................................................................................................................................................. AN'........................................................................................................................................................................................................2;1 ?R...........................................................................................................................................................................................................2;1 ,oolean Buery.............................................................................................................................................................................................2;>
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Clear ter) stac7..........................................................................................................................................................................................2>> Conte6t )enus...........................................................................................................................................................................................2>> E6a)ples.....................................................................................................................................................................................................2;> ?perands....................................................................................................................................................................................................2;# ?perators...................................................................................................................................................................................................2;# 4rint results.................................................................................................................................................................................................271 4ro6i)ity.......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 'istance ?perators..................................................................................................................................................................................2;; E)%eddin ?perators..............................................................................................................................................................................2;< ?(erlap ?perators...................................................................................................................................................................................2;< 4us!............................................................................................................................................................................................................2>> 2uery.........................................................................................................................................................................................................2=> Recalc.........................................................................................................................................................................................................2>> Recall C 4recision........................................................................................................................................................................................2;1 Redo...........................................................................................................................................................................................................2>> Scope..........................................................................................................................................................................................................27> Screen.........................................................................................................................................................................................................2=/ Se)antic operators........................................................................................................................................................................................... S8,lin s....................................................................................................................................................................................................2;$ SU,.........................................................................................................................................................................................................2;2 U4...........................................................................................................................................................................................................2;2 Super Codes...................................................................................................................................................................................................... Creation...................................................................................................................................................................................................27= Cycle protection......................................................................................................................................................................................277 Mer in ...................................................................................................................................................................................................277 Suppresssor codes....................................................................................................................................................................................27; 2uotations........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 'elete.........................................................................................................................................................................................................1>; Grap!ical.......................................................................................................................................................................................................... Selectin ..................................................................................................................................................................................................172 Mer e durin )odify..................................................................................................................................................................................171 Modify........................................................................................................................................................................................................222 Retrie(al......................................................................................................................................................................................................2#> Redundant Codin s.......................................................................................................................................................................................$7< Relations........................................................................................................................................................................................................$1# (s. lin7s......................................................................................................................................................................................................$11 Re)o(e filter..................................................................................................................................................................................................$>< Re(erse filter..................................................................................................................................................................................................$>$ Roles $11 Serendipity.......................................................................................................................................................................................................1# Ser(ice 4ac7s..................................................................................................................................................................................................<;1 Sortin ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................$7> S4SS <#= Code fa)ilies..............................................................................................................................................................................................<11 Missin (alues.............................................................................................................................................................................................<11 Na)in con(ention....................................................................................................................................................................................<#/ 4ri)ary docu)ent fa)ilies..........................................................................................................................................................................<11 Synta6 file...................................................................................................................................................................................................<#; Start ATLAS.ti...................................................................................................................................................................................................=> Stron and &ea7 lin7s....................................................................................................................................................................................$#/ Te6t searc!........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 'efinin cate ories.....................................................................................................................................................................................21$ Searc! s&ar)..............................................................................................................................................................................................21$ Searc! s&ar) deli)iter...............................................................................................................................................................................21$ Te6t Searc!....................................................................................................................................................................................................211 Cate ory searc!..........................................................................................................................................................................................212 GRE4 searc!................................................................................................................................................................................................21= Standard searc!..........................................................................................................................................................................................212 Te6t se )ents...................................................................................................................................................................................................... Se)iAauto)atic selection............................................................................................................................................................................1;7 T!eory i)port................................................................................................................................................................................................1=< T!eory Transfer.................................................................................................................................................................................................... scaled..........................................................................................................................................................................................................$=# T!esaurus.......................................................................................................................................................................................................$#7 Topolo ical Layout.........................................................................................................................................................................................$$7 Transiti(e relations.........................................................................................................................................................................................2;2 User )ana e)ent..........................................................................................................................................................................................1<7 Add ne& user..............................................................................................................................................................................................1</
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Re)o(e user...............................................................................................................................................................................................1=# Sa(e user data%ase.....................................................................................................................................................................................1=# User data%ase.............................................................................................................................................................................................1=$ -enn dia ra)s...............................................................................................................................................................................................2;1 -ertices..........................................................................................................................................................................................................$#> -8SE 4rinciple...................................................................................................................................................................................................../ -isualiDation......................................................................................................................................................................................................./ :allpaper........................................................................................................................................................................................................$< :it!in operator..............................................................................................................................................................................................2;< EML E6port C 8)port..........................................................................................................................................................................................$/= E6port *U...................................................................................................................................................................................................<1= E6port Me)os............................................................................................................................................................................................<1< 0older.................................................................................................................................................................................................<#<+ <$$ 8)port Me)os............................................................................................................................................................................................<1= MSEML parser............................................................................................................................................................................................$/> Transfer Codes............................................................................................................................................................................................2#2 Styles!eets.................................................................................................................................................................................................<#<

ATLAS - Ti 7 User Guide and Reference

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ATLAS.ti 7 User Guide and Reference

ATLAS.ti 7.1 USER MANUAL

ATLAS.ti 7.1 USER MANUAL

Main Concepts and 0eatures.................................................................................................. 1$

Main Steps in :or7in &it! ATLAS.ti.....................................................................................2=

Main :or7space. T!e *U Editor............................................................................................2/

'ata 4reparation ................................................................................................................... =>

ATLAS.ti 7.1 USER MANUAL

'ata Mana e)ent in ATLAS.ti.............................................................................................1#2

Settin Up a Ne& 4ro@ect..................................................................................................... 1#>

Mi ratin ATLAS.ti = and ; 4ro@ects ....................................................................................11/

4ro@ect ,ac7up and Transfer.................................................................................................12>

:or7in &it! -aria%les. 4ri)ary 'ocu)ent 0a)ilies............................................................2$<

:or7in &it! Me)os...........................................................................................................2<$

ATLAS.ti 7.1 USER MANUAL

'ata Analysis and T!eoryA,uildin Tools..............................................................................2=1

Sortin and 0ilterin .............................................................................................................$7> Generatin ?utput...............................................................................................................$>=

E6port C 8)port................................................................................................................... <#=

4reference Settin s...............................................................................................................<2< Appendi6..............................................................................................................................<==

ATLAS.ti 7.1 USER MANUAL

A,?UT T*8S MANUAL

A%out T!is Manual

*o& To Use T!is Manual

ATLAS.ti 7.1 USER MANUAL

A,?UT T*8S MANUAL

ATLAS.ti 7.1 USER MANUAL

A,?UT T*8S MANUAL

ested furt!er readin

ATLAS.ti 7.1 USER MANUAL

T!e -8SE 4rinciple

ATLAS.ti 7.1 USER MANUAL

ATLAS.ti 7.1 USER MANUAL

ATLAS.ti 7.1 USER MANUAL

ATLAS.ti 7.1 USER MANUAL

MA8N C?NCE4TS AN' 0EATURES

Main Concepts And 0eatures

T!e *er)eneutic Unit 1*U3

ATLAS.ti 7.1 USER MANUAL

MA8N C?NCE4TS AN' 0EATURES

0i ure 1. T!e !ierarc!y of o%@ects inside a *er)eneutic Unit

4ri)ary 'ocu)ents 14' ?r 4'oc3

4ri)ary 'ocu)ent 0a)ilies 1'ata Attri%utes3

ATLAS.ti 7.1 USER MANUAL

MA8N C?NCE4TS AN' 0EATURES

ATLAS.ti 7.1 USER MANUAL

MA8N C?NCE4TS AN' 0EATURES

Audio And -ideo 2uotations

ATLAS.ti 7.1 USER MANUAL

MA8N C?NCE4TS AN' 0EATURES

See GCreatin and :or7in &it! Multi)edia 2uotationsG on pa e 17<.

Goo leEart! 1GE3 2uotations

Te6t Searc! Tool

ATLAS.ti 7.1 USER MANUAL

MA8N C?NCE4TS AN' 0EATURES

Auto Codin Tool

ATLAS.ti 7.1 USER MANUAL

MA8N C?NCE4TS AN' 0EATURES

0i ure 2. An e6a)ple of a net&or7 (ie& 1see sa)ple pro@ect3

Nodes+ Lin7s And Relations

Net&or7 -ie& Mana er

ATLAS.ti 7.1 USER MANUAL

T!e er)eneutic Unit 1U3

MA8N :?RRS4ACE. TE U E'8T?R

MA8N :?RRS4ACE. TE U E'8T?R

MA8N :?RRS4ACE. TE U E'8T?R

MA8N :?RRS4ACE. TE U E'8T?R

MA8N :?RRS4ACE. TE U E'8T?R

MA8N :?RRS4ACE. TE U E'8T?R

MA8N :?RRS4ACE. TE U E'8T?R