Group 1:

1)Nadiah binti Yusof 2)Genevie Eleanor Ruby 3)Latifah binti Jalilul 4)Chai Siew Lian 5)Nurpaznin binti Jusoh

Negative Feedback

Overview of Negative Feedback

In animals such as ourselves, the internal environment of our bodies must have certain conditions within tolerable limits to continue the healthy functioning of us.
This is done by a process called negative feedback control, where various receptors and effectors bring about a reaction to ensure that

such conditions remain favourable.

Definition of Negative Feedback

The mechanism by which the body maintains conditions within particular limits. The body will do this by opposing a change that deviates from the normal

The Principle of Negative Feedback Control

Examples of Negative Feedback Control

Regulation of body temperature Regulation of blood sugar

Regulation of blood pressure

Mechanism of Blood Sugar Regulation

Glucose is important for healthy functioning because

it is required for the formation of ATP, the molecule of energy transfer in our bodies. Two important hormones for blood glucose regulation are insulin and glucagon. Insulin is secreted by beta cells while alpha cells secrete glucagon. As the food we eat is broken down, our blood sugar rises due to the carbohydrates. In order to avoid serious problems such as kidney and cardiovascular damage, blood sugar levels have to be decreased.

So, how does our body regulate our blood glucose levels to maintain homeostasis?

Mechanism of Blood Sugar Regulation

 The internal mechanism for blood glucose regulation

is negative feedback. As you can see from the figure, depending on whether glucose levels are rising or falling, the body has a different response. When levels increase, the beta cells secrete insulin which then converts glucose to glycogen so that extra glucose can be stored restoring glucose levels to a normal level. When levels fall, the alpha cells secrete glucagon which converts stored glycogen to glucose increasing levels back to normal.

Benefits of Negative Feedback

Homeostasis has survival value because it means an animal can adapt to a changing environment. It can deal with the temperature difference you face when you step out your front door.
The body will attempt to maintain a norm, the desired level of a factor to achieve homeostasis. However, it can only work within tolerable limits,

where extreme conditions can disable the negative feedback mechanism