Tourism concepts

Introduction to tourism
Dr. Nimit Chowdhary
Professor

Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management

The tourism society

Tourism is deemed to include any activity concerned with temporary short term movement of people to destinations outside the places where they normally live and work, and their activities during the stay at these destinations.
February 22, 2014 (C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM

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Visitor demand
International visitors International visitors Residents
Who are residents of countries other than that being visited and travel for tourism purposes. Inbound tourism Who are residents of a country visiting other countries and travel for tourism purposes. Outbound tourism Visiting destinations within their own countrys boundaries who travel for tourism purposes. Domestic tourism
(C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM

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February 22, 2014

Visitor- the Consumer

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Visitor

Tourist

Excursionists
Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management

February 22, 2014

(C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM

Tourist
A visitor staying more than 24 hours in a country and making an overnight stay for any of the following reasons:

Tourism Concepts

Business Congress Convention Family Friends

Health Holiday Leisure Meeting Mission

(C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM

Recreation Religion Sport Study Vacation

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February 22, 2014

Excursionists
Are classed as temporary visitors staying less than 24 hours, including cruise travelers but excluding travelers in transit.
Tourism Concepts

Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management

February 22, 2014 (C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM 6

Tourism!

Experimental Ephemeral Experiential Edutainment

Tourism Concepts

Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management

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Tourism- a process

A combination of tangible and intangible tourism products Scope of these products

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Attraction Access Amenities

Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management

Organized as a seamless supply chain

February 22, 2014

(C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM

Tourism- a supply chain

Providers need to be effective with tourism products along tourism supply chain

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Efficient with products Creativity in combining products and delivery Technology leverage Suppliers Tourism Products
(C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM

Supply Chain

Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management
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February 22, 2014

Tourism- a supply chain

Tourism Suppliers
is a business such as attraction, hotel or other type of accommodation, restaurant, transportation company, tour wholesaler, travel agency etc.
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Tourism Products

Tangibles- furnishings in a hotel, food served in a restaurant, etc, Intangibles- atmosphere at a resort, service provided by an airlines
(C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM

Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management

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February 22, 2014

Working definition of travel and tourism

Tourism comprises the activities of traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes.
WTO, 1992- subsequently ratified by the UN Statistical Commission
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Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management

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February 22, 2014

(C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM

Understanding this definition

1.

2.

Visitor activity is concerned only with aspects of life outside normal routines of work and social commitments, and outside the location of those routines. The activity necessitates travel and, in nearly every case, some form of transport to the destination.

Tourism Concepts

Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management

February 22, 2014 (C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM 12

Understanding this definition

3.

4.

Specific destinations are the focus for a range of activities and a range of facilities required to support those activities. Such activities and facilities have a combination of economic, social and physical environmental effects that are the basis for tourism policy and visitor management programmes.
(C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM

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Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management

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February 22, 2014

5 characteristics of this definition

1.

2.

There is nothing that restricts the total market to overnight stays; it includes same day visits. There is nothing in it that restricts the total market to travel for leisure or pleasure. It includes travel for business, social, religious, educational, sports, and most other purposes.
(C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM

Tourism Concepts

Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management

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February 22, 2014

5 characteristics of this definition

3.

All tourism includes an element of travel but all travel is not tourism. The definition excludes all routine commuter travel and purely local travel such as to neighbourhood shops, schools or hospitals, etc.

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Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management

February 22, 2014 (C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM 15

5 characteristics of this definition

4.

Travel and tourism absorbs large elements of individual leisure time and encompasses many recreational activities, but it is not synonymous with either because bulk of all leisure and recreation takes place in or around home.

Tourism Concepts

Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management

February 22, 2014 (C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM 16

5 characteristics of this definition

5.

All travel and tourism trips are temporary movements; the bulk of the total market comprises trips of no more than a few hours or nights duration.

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Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management

February 22, 2014 (C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM 17

How tourism industry works

Regulatory framework
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Influences on demand

DEMAND Domestic and international tourists

TRAVEL

SUPPLY Tourist destinations and facilities

Tourism impacts

Tourism intermediaries
Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management
February 22, 2014 (C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM 18

Systematic link between demand and supply

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Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management

February 22, 2014 (C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM 19

International tourism industry structure

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Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management

February 22, 2014 (C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM 20

Understanding tourism industry

Demand generators Suppliers

Other players

Attraction Amenities Accommodation Access (transport) Activity (Events)

Tour operators Travel agents

International agencies Public sector Trade associations Multinational corporations

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Intermediaries

Scope of this course I-101

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Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management

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February 22, 2014

Accommodation sector Hotels/ motels Guest houses/ B & B Farm houses Apartments/ flats/ villas/ cottages Condominiums/ time share resorts Vacation villages/ holiday centres Conference/ exhibition centres Static and touring caravans/ camping sites Marinas

Attraction sector Theme parks Museums and galleries National parks Wildlife parks Gardens Heritage sites and centres Sports/ activity centres Themed retail/ leisure/ entertainment centres Festivals and events

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Transport sector Airlines Shipping lines/ ferries Railways Bus/ coach operators Car rental operators Travel organizer's sector Tour operators Tour wholesalers/ brokers Retail travel agents Conference organizers Booking agencies (e.g. accommodation) Incentive travel organizers
February 22, 2014

Main sectors of the travel and tourism industry

Destination organization sector National tourist offices (NTOs) Destination marketing organizations (DMOs) Regional/ state tourist offices Local tourist offices Tourist associations
(C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM

Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management

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