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2015rSm b,fol orwjzpfrvJ? uReaf wmfuawmh ]]ESpEf ikd if pH mcsKyf
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(ukrkj'mowif;*sme,f?twGJ 3 trSwf22? pufwifbmv3&uf 2013)

14

atmif'if

ESpfEdkifiHpmcsKyfrsm;udk av;pm;vdkufemjcif;
usaemfuawmh ESpfEdkifiHcsKyfqdkxm;wJh pmcsKyfrsm;udk av;pm;vdkuf
em&r,fqdkwm tjynfht0rSefw,frxifyg/ tpdk;&opfwpfck[m t&if
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uefxdkufpmcsKyfudkzsufodrf;cGifh (The Right to Terminate) ESpfrsdK;
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{&m0wD? Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifhtrSwfw&rsm;

15

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16

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{&m0wD? Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifhtrSwfw&rsm;

17

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18

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{&m0wD? Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifhtrSwfw&rsm;

19

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(ukrkj'mowif;*sme,f? twGJ 3 trSwf 23? pufwifbmv 10 &uf 2013)

20

atmif'if

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21

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wd;k wufrq
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k f
to Domestic and Industrial Water Use) (7) a&\t&nftaoG;qdi
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Delta) (9) jrpfurf;yg;rsm;jyKd usjcif;ESiE
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sion) eJU (10) jrpf0r

28

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{&m0wDjrpfudk yckuLNrdKUteD; awGU&pOf ("mwfyHk-pdk;0if;Nidrf;)

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and Delta) rsm;jzpfMuygw,f?BANCAeJUwkwy
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29

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30

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oifhaMumif; tMuHjyKcsufudk jrefrmppftpdk;&xH wifoGif;wJh Environh iG ;f yJcsev

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(ukrkj'mowif;*sme,f? twGJ 3 trSwf 24? pufwifbmv 17 &uf 2013)

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31

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jrpfa&pD;udkwm;jyD; tJ'Djrpfa&awGudk pkaqmif;zdkUa&avSmifuef (Res-

32

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ervoir) ac:wJh vlvkyfa&uefMuD; (Artificial Lake) wpfckudk qufpyf

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34

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apmifMh uyfavhvm wGe;f tm;ay;oifyh gw,f/ vdt

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'Daqmif;yg;twGuf atmufygpmwrf;? pmtkyfrsm;udk udk;um;ygw,f?

(1) Ayeyawady Basin Hydropower Projects are Strategic Selection for Myanmar Electric Power Industry, by Mr.
Li Guanghau, CPI Yunnan International Power Investment
Co., Ltd (CPIYN), September 2011
(2) obm0ywf0ef;usifESifh vlrIywf0ef;usifqdkif&mtusdK;ouf a&muf rI?
a'gufwmxifvS? Ou|? Biodiversity and Nature Conservation Association (BANCA), September 2011
(3) Environmental Impact Assessment (Special Investigation) On Hydropower Development of Ayeyawady River
Basin above Myitkyina, Kachin State, Myanmar, by Biodiversity And Nature Conservation Association (BANCA),
October 2009
(4) The New Great Wall, A Guide to China's Overseas
Dam Industry, by International Rivers Network, July 2008
(5) ucsifvGwfajrmufa&;tzGJUOu|MuD; va&mfaZmif[&mu wkwfuGefjrLepf
ygwDtMuD;tuJ[l*sifawmifxHay;aompmESifhyl;wGJygtaxmuftxm;rsm;? rwf 16?
2011
(6) "Understanding Contract Termination" by John T.
Trout, Hellmuth and Johnson PLLC
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wpkwpnf;wnf; azmfjyjcif;jzpfygonf/

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t&ifvrkd wnfNird af wmh? olUa&yrmP[m t&ifvrkd rsm;jym;awmh? olU&JU
c&D;[mvnf;yifv,fqrD a&mufEikd af wmh? 'DaeUrSmawmhaoqk;H aewJh jrpf0g
jrpfMu;D [m wkwjf ynf&UJ obm0ywf0ef;usif xde;f odr;f a&; *krpdu
k rf u
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txift&Sm;jyowJh trSwftom;wpfcktjzpfeJUom &yfwnfae&ygjyD/
wkwjf ynforl sm;eJU urmwpf0ef;uwm0efot
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usaemfwdkU&JU {&m0wDjrpfMuD;vnf; jrpf0gjrpfMuD;vdk yifv,fqDr
a&mufEikd af wmhwhJ b0rsKd ; MuK&H avmufatmifuykd J tEdik u
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rsm;pGm edru
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Mu&rSmyg/ {&m0wDudk jrpf0gjrpfvdkb0rsdK; ra&mufatmif usaemfwdkU
tcsdefrD umuG,fMuzdkU ta&;wMuD; vdktyfaeygjyD/
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pum;vkH; okH;vkH;uGJaeayrJh t"dym,futwlwlygyJ/ jrpfudk jzwfjyD;
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{&m0wD? Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifhtrSwfw&rsm;

51

jrpfa&pD;udkwm;jyD; tJ'Djrpfa&awGudk pkaqmif;zdkUa&avSmifuef (Reservoir) ac:wJh vlvkyfa&uefMuD; (Artificial Lake) wpfckudk qufpyf
wnfaqmuf&ygw,f/ tJ'v
D kd jrpfa&pD;udk qnf (odUk ) a&umwm (Dam)
eJU[efUwm;? jrpfxJua&awGudk a&avSmifuef (Reservoir) xJrSm pk
aqmif;jy;D a&avSmifuefeaH b;rSmuyfvsuf wnfaqmufxm;wJh a&tm;
vQyfppf"mwfxkwfvkyfa&;wmbdkif (Turbine) MuD;rsm;eJUvQyfppf"mwf
xkwv
f yk u
f m oG,w
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dS ahJ e&m
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eD;yg;udk wkwEf ikd if ?H ,leefjynfe,fuw
kd ifyUkd rSmyg/ a&umwmrSm a&wHcg;
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xkwjf y;D wJt
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txdpkaqmif;? vdktyfwJhyrmP&awmhrS tJ'Da&awGudk vQyfppf"mwf
tm;xkwfr,fhwmbdkifMuD;awGudkjzwfoef;? jyD;awmhrSrvdktyfawmhwJha&
awG udk a&wHcg;Mu;D rsm;uwpfqifh jrpf&UJ atmufyikd ;f qDukd jyefvnf xkwf
vTwfay;rSmyg/ 'g[mjzifha&tm;vQyfppf"mwfxkwfr,fhqnfpDrHudef;
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ay500? tjrifah y 500qdw
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52

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r[m&efuek jf rKd Uawmfxufvnf;Mu;D ? {&d,mpwk&ef; rdik 2f 68&Sw
d hJ pifumyl
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&rSmyg/ ydkjyD;MuD;rm;wJh qkH;IH;rIuawmh a&atmufa&mufoGm;awmhr,hf
tNrpJ rd ;f opfawmMu;D awG? awmifwef;awG? vGijf yifawGeUJ ucsiv
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trGet
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aysmjf rL;&m jrpfqakH 'oudq
k ;Hk I;H &rSmyg/ 'Dq;Hk I;H rIawGukd b,fvkd avsmaf Mu;
eJUrStpm;xdk;vdkUr&Edkifyg/
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ydkjyD;&Sif;atmif trSwfpOfxdk;jyD; ajymjycsifygw,f/
(u) tvsm; ay 500? tjrifah y 500 &Sw
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jrpfqq
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Hk nfMu;D ua&vTwaf y;rSom {&m0wD
qufvufpD;qif;EdkifrSmyg/
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awmfMum pkaqmif;&rSmyg/ tcsKd UqnfBu;D awGrmS a&umwmtjynfh a&pk
csdef wpfESpfuae wpfESpfcGJ Mumygw,f/ a&avSmifuefMuD; a&pkaewJht
csdefrSm{&m0wDjrpfBuD;xJ a&pD;rSmr[kwfyg/
(*) a&avSmifuefxrJ mS a&jynfjh y;D wJah emuf vQypf pf"mwftm;xkwf
vkyjf y;D rSrvdak wmhwahJ &udk a&wHcg;Mu;D rsm;uwpfqifh {&m0wDjrpfxx
J w
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{&m0wD? Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifhtrSwfw&rsm;

53

'gayrJha&awGu npfywfNyD;roefU&Sif;awmhyg/
(C) a&umwmu xkwfvTwfwJh a&uroefU&Sif;awmhvdkUtJ'Da&
(Polluted Water) udk aomufo;Hk Mu&r,fh vlawG? wd&pmefawG twGuf
a&m*gb,awG &apygw,f/ a&avSmifuefMuD;udk,fwdkifu jcifvdk iSuf
zsm;pwJh a&m*gb,jzefUa0wwfwJh ydk;rTm;awG pka0;yGm;rsm;&m a'oMuD;
jzpfvmjy;D ywf0ef;usiv
f x
l &k UJ use;f rma&;udt
k Mu;D tus,f xdcu
kd af pEdik f
ygw,f/
(i) arceJU rvdc jrpfrsm;u pD;qif;vmwJh a&[m Eke;f rsm;? oJrsm;udyk g
o,faqmifvmcJhjyD; tJ'D Ekef;awG? oJawG(Sediment) u {&m0wDjrpf
aMumif; wpfavQmuf jrpfnmydik ;f rSm ajrMoZmtifrwefaumif;wJh Eke;f wif
ajrEkawG zefw;D ay;jy;D jrefrmEdik if &H UJ pdu
k yf sKd ;a&;vkyif ef;udk tMu;D tus,f
axmufyahH ewmyg/ qnfBu;D jy;D oGm;&ifawmh tJ'ED ek ;f awG[m a&avSmif
uefMuD;&Jh atmufajcrSmyJ tenfxdkifusef&pfcJhjyD; jrpfatmufydkif; udk
b,fvrkd aS &mufrmS r[kwaf wmhyg/ Eke;f wifajrEkyg;&Sm;oGm;r,fh jrpf0uGe;f
ay:rSm pdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;awGxdcdkufygvdrfhr,f/
(p) qnfMuD;uyJ jrpftwGif;ig;tygt0if a&aeow0grsm;&JU
jrpfzsm;uae jrpfaMumif;wpfavQmuf a&TUajymif;oGm;vmrIukd ydwq
f [
Ykd efY
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vkyfief;vkyfudkifolrsm;udk tMuD;tus,f xdcdkufygvdrfhr,f/
(q) jrpfa&yrmPeJYa&pD;udkqnfMuD;u xdef;csKyfvdkufjyDrdkUvdkU jrpf
twGi;f oabFmrsm;? armfawmfrsm;? avSrsm;eJUc&D;oGm;vmrI[m ydjk y;D cufcJ
vmygvdrrhf ,f/ jrefrmEdik if &H UJ jrKd Uaygif; &Gmaygif;rsm;pGm? qdyu
f rf; aygif;rsm;
pGm[m {&m0wDjrpfaMumif;wpfavQmuf0?J ,m wpfzufwpfcsurf mS wnf&dS
aeMujyD; c&D;oGm;vma&;eJUukefpnfpD;qif;rItwGuf 'DjrpfMuD;udk jrefrm
Edik if &H UJ vlO;D a& 60&mcdik Ef eI ;f u tm;ud;k ae&wmyg/ a&enf;oGm;wJh jrpfMu;D
twGif;? a&wdrfoGm;wJh jrpfMuD;twGif;? a&pD;enf;jyD;rrSefwJh jrpfMuD;
twGi;f rSm oabFmrsm;? armfawmfrsm;? avSrsm;rd;k &moDuvG&J if usew
f t
hJ
csdefawGrSm oGm;vmEdkifrSmr[kwfawmhyg/
(Z) a&pD;aES;jy;D a&yrmPenf;oGm;wJh jrpfMu;D &JU urf;yg;wpfzufwpf

54

atmif'if

csufu jrpfa&udktrSDjyKjyD;aygufaewJh 'Da&awmawG ysufpD;ukefygvdrfh

r,f/ 'Da&awmawG r&Sad wmhwt
hJ wGuu
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jrpfvufwufrsm;twGif;rSm aomifxGef;jyD; tJ'DajryrmPua&yrmP
xufyrkd sm;vmygvdrrhf ,f/ a&enf;oGm;wJjh rpfMu;D eJU'Da&awmawG ysuo
f Ok ;f
rIu{&m0wDjrpf0Srf;a'oudkajcmufaoGUZkeftjzpf toGifajymif; vdkufyg
vdrfhr,f/
(ps) wpfcgwpf&H rdk;tjyif;txefeJUtqufrjywf&GmoGef;wJh tcg
qnfxJrSm a&yrmPuqnfu xdef;xm;Edkifwmxuf tqrwefydkrsm;
vmwwfygw,f/ tJ't
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taeeJU qnfa&wHcg;awGudkzGifhjyD;a&awG kwfw&uf xkwfypfwwfMu
ygw,f/ tJ'Dta&;ay:a&xkwfrIu {&m0wDjrpfxJudk awmifusacsmif;
a&awG 'va[m t&Sdeft[kefMuD;rm;pGm pD;qif;vmovdkrsdK; jzpfygvdrfh
r,f/ jrpfxrJ mS vnf; urf;NyKd xm;vdUk aomifawGu urf;yg;xufyjkd rifah ewJh
tcsdef? urf;yg;rSmvnf; 'Da&awmawGr&SdawmhwJhtcsdefrSm 'Da&pD;qif;
rIu jrpferYJ vSr;f rurf;u NrKd U&Gmrsm;udk a&vTr;f rd;k wJt
h xd jzpfEikd yf gw,f/
ucsijf ynfe,ftwGi;f u NrKd UBu;D rsm;tm;vk;H eD;yg; 'Dw
k w
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rI'Pfudk rMumcPcHpm;Mu&rSmyg/
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uae arvtwGif;)qnfxJrSmvnf; a&enf;rSmrdkUqnfua&jyefxkwf
wmvnf;tvGefenf;NyD; {&m0wDjrpftwGif; a&pD;qif;rI r&Sdoavmuf
jzpfawmhrSmyg/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm {&m0wDjrpfpD;0if&r,fh b*Fvm;yifv,f
(Andaman Sea) ua&awGu {&m0wDjrpfbufudk jyefvnfpD;0ifjyD;
{&m0wDjrpf0uRe;f ay:wpfcv
k ;Hk qm;iHa&awGvrT ;f oGm;ygvdrrhf ,f/ aEGuek f
vdUk rd;k &moD pyg;pdu
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ajrawGu jrefrmEdik if v
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avmufrIrsm;jzpfay:ygvdrfhr,f/
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Owkazmufjyefr?I &Sm;yg;opfyifrsm;? yef;rsm;?a&aeow0grsm;? iSurf sKd ;pkrsm;

{&m0wD? Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifhtrSwfw&rsm;

55

rsd K ;wk H ; aysmuf u G , f r I a wG a ygif ; pyf v d k u f r ,f q d k & if wk w f t pd k ; &&J U

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f efa&;? pm;eyf
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hf a&;csKd ;
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rsKd ;d;k pOfquf{&m0wDeUJ Bu;D jyif;Ny;D {&m0wD&UJ apmifah &Smufru
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acgif;aqmif a'gufwmOD;jrifhuvnf;2011ckESpf arv 20?21 aejynf
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pmydk'faygif; 30 eJU jrefrmEdkifiH&JUv,f,mpdkufysdK;a&; u@udk OD;pm;ay;
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56

atmif'if

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DISSENT qdw
k hJ pmapmif &JU 2011 ckEpS af qmif;ul;^aqmif;&moD
xkwf (AUTUMN^WINTER 2011) rSm Melody Kemp a&;wJh
KACHIN CAPERS qdkwJhaqmif;yg;? pmrsufESm 32 rSm a[m'Dvdk
a&;xm;ygw,f/ ]]wu,fvUkd rsm;urmajrBu;D ua&GUvsm;Ny;D (jrpfq)kH qnf
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f hJ ucsif
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(If the earth moves and the dam collapses, the downstream
capital of Kachin State, a city of over 150,000, would disappear in 20 seconds.)? Melody Kemp u MopaMwvs vlrsdK; pma&;

q&mr wpfa,mufjzpfjy;D tm&Swu

kd rf mS tESpf 20ausmaf exdik af e oljzpfyg
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owif;tzGUJ tpnf; (U.S. Society for Environmental Journalism)
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(rd;k rcrD',
D m? pufwifbm 2011)
'Daqmif;yg;twGuf atmufygpmwrf;? pmtkyfrsm;udk udk;um;ygw,f/
(1) Ayeyawady Basin Hydropower Projects are Strategic Selection for Myanmar Electric Power Industry, by Mr. Li Guanghau, CPI
Yunnan International Power Investment Co.,Ltd (CPIYN), September 2011

(2) obm0ywf0ef;usiEf iS hf vlryI wf0ef;usiq

f ikd &f mtusKd ;oufa&mufr?I a'guf
wmxifvS? Ou|? Biodiversity and Nature Conservation Association
(BANCA), September 2011
(3) Environmental Impact Assessment (Special Investigation)
On Hydropower Development of Ayeyawady River Basin above
Myitkyina, Kachin State, Myanmar, by Biodiversity And Nature Conservation Association (BANCA), October 2009
(4) The New Great Wall, A Guide to China's Overseas Dam Industry, by International Rivers Network, July 2008

(5) ucsifvGwfajrmufa&;tzGJUOu|BuD;va&mfaZmif[&mu wkwfuGefjrLepf

ygwDtBuD;tuJ [l*sifawmifxHay;aompmESifh yl;wGJygtaxmuftxm;rsm;/
rwf 16? 2011

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