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QUY CHUN K THUT QUC GIA QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
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QUY PHM PHN CP V NG TU BIN V THP
Rules for the Classifi cation and Constructi on of Sea- going Steel Shi ps

I QUY NH CHUNG
I General Regulations

1.1 Phm vi iu chnh v i tng p dng
1.1.1 Phm vi iu chnh
1 Quy chun K thut quc gia ny (sau y gi tt l Quy chun) quy nh v hot ng
gim st k thut/kim tra phn cp tu bin v cc cng trnh ni trn bin (sau y gi tt
l tu bin). Quy chun ny cng quy nh v cc hot ng lin quan n thit k, ng
mi, hon ci, phc hi, sa cha v khai thc tu bin. Tu bin thuc phm vi p dng
ca Quy chun ny bao gm tu bin Vit Nam, cc tu d nh mang c quc tch Vit
Nam c c im nh di y, v cc tu mang c quc tch nc ngoi (khi thy cn
thit hoc c yu cu):
(1) Tt c cc tu v thp (t chy hoc khng t chy) c chiu di t 20 mt tr ln;
(2) Tt c cc tu v thp t chy (khng ph thuc vo chiu di) c cng sut lin tc
ln nht ca my chnh t 37 kW tr ln;
(3) Cc tu khch, tu ko, tu ch hng lng, tu ch x kh ha lng, tu ch x ha
cht nguy him v cc tu c cng dng c bit khc khng ph thuc vo chiu di
tu v cng sut ca my chnh.
1.1.2 i tng p dng
Quy chun ny p dng i vi cc t chc, c nhn c hot ng lin quan n cc tu
bin thuc phm vi iu chnh nu ti iu 1.1.1 ca Quy chun ny.
1.2 Gii thch t ng
1.2.1 Cc t chc v c nhn
Cc t chc v c nhn lin quan n cc tu bin thuc phm vi iu chnh ca Quy
chun ny nu ti mc 1.1.2 l Cc ng kim Vit Nam (sau y trong Quy chun ny
vit tt l ng kim); cc Ch tu; C s thit k, ng mi hon ci, phc hi, sa
cha v khai thc tu bin; cc C s thit k, ch to vt liu v trang thit b, my mc
lp t ln tu.

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PHN 1A QUY NH CHUNG V HOT NG GIM ST K THUT
Rules for the Classifi cation and Constructi on of Sea - goi ng Steel Ships
Part 1A General Regulations for Technical Supervision
CHNG 1 QUY NH CHUNG
1.1 Quy nh chung
1.1.1 Quy nh chung p dng cho tt c cc tu
1 Vic gim st k thut v ng cc tu bin v thp c phn cp ph hp vi cp tu
nu Chng 2 ca Phn ny phi tun th cc quy nh trong nhng phn lin quan ca
Quy chun ny.
2 ng kim c th a ra cc yu cu b sung/c bit theo hng dn ca quc gia m
tu treo c hoc quc gia c vng nc m tu hot ng.
1.1.2 Nhng quy nh ring p dng cho cc tu hng ri v tu du
1 Cc tu hng ri hot ng vng bin khng hn ch, c chiu di bng hoc ln hn 90
m v c hp ng ng mi vo hoc sau ngy 01/10/2010, phi p dng Phn 2A-B
ca Quy chun ny. Nhng vn khc vi quy nh Phn 2A-B phi tho mn cc quy
nh nhng Phn khc ca Quy chun, c s xem xt thch hp lin quan ti cc quy
nh ca Phn 2A-B.
2 Cc tu du v kp hot ng vng bin khng hn ch, c chiu di bng hoc ln hn
150 m v c hp ng ng mi vo hoc sau ngy 01/10/2010, phi p dng Phn 2A-T
ca Quy chun ny. Nhng vn khc vi quy nh Phn 2A-T phi tho mn cc quy
nh nhng Phn khc ca Quy chun, c s xem xt thch hp lin quan ti cc quy
nh ca Phn 2A-T.
3 p dng ph hp vi cc quy nh -1 v -2 ni trn, s dng cc nh ngha sau:
(1) Chiu di tu: khong cch, tnh bng mt, o trn ng nc ch hng ma h, t
mp trc ca sng mi n mp sau ca tr li hoc tm trc li nu khng c tr li.
Chiu di ny phi khng c nh hn 96% nhng khng cn vt qu 97% chiu
di ton b ca ng nc ch hng ma h.
(2) Tu hng ri: tu bin t chy, ch yu c dng ch hng kh dng ri (tr tu
ch qung v tu ch hng hn hp), ni chung tu c kt cu boong n, y i, c
cc kt hng v cc kt nh mn, c kt cu mn n hoc mn kp trong phm vi
chiu di khoang hng.
(3) Tu du: tu c ng hoc hon ci ch yu ch x du trong cc khoang hng,
k c cc tu ch hng hn hp v bt k tu ch ho cht no nu n ch hng hoc
mt phn hng l du dng ch x. Tu du v kp l tu du m cc khoang hng
c bo v bng v kp ko di sut chiu di vng khoang hng, gm c cc khng
gian mn kp v y i.
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4 Ngoi cc quy nh -1 ni trn, nhng tu c t nht mt khoang hng c kt cu c
kt hng v kt nh mn nh quy nh -3(2) ni trn, phi p dng Phn 2A-B. Trong
trng hp ny, bn kt cu ca cc thnh phn trong khoang hng c kt cu c
kt hng v/ hoc kt nh mn phi ph hp vi tiu chun bn quy nh Phn 2A-B.
1.2 nh ngha/Gii thch
Tr khi c cc nh ngha nhng Phn khc ca Quy chun, cc thut ng s dng trong
Quy chun ny c nh ngha/gii thch nh di y.
1.2.1 Tu bin
Tu bin l tu hoc cu trc ni di ng khc chuyn dng hot ng trn bin v cc
vng nc lin quan vi bin.
Tu bin quy nh trong Quy chun ny khng bao gm tu qun s v tu c.
1.2.2 Tu khch
Tu khch l tu bin ch nhiu hn 12 hnh khch. Trong hnh khch l bt k ngi
no c mt trn tu, tr thuyn trng, thuyn vin hoc nhng ngi lm vic trn tu v
tr em di mt tui.
1.2.3 Tu hng
Tu hng l tu bin tr cc tu khch.
1.2.4 Tu hng lng (Tanker)
Tu hng lng l tu hng c ng mi hoc c hon ci ch x hng lng d
chy, tr cc tu ch x kh ha lng hoc cc tu ch x ha cht nguy him.
1.2.5 Tu du (Oil Tanker)
1 Tu du
Tu du l tu c ng mi hoc hon ci ch x du, bao gm c tu ch ho cht
c d nh ch x du v cc tu ch hng hn hp c thit k ch x hoc l
du hoc hng rn, nh cc tu ch qung/du v tu ch qung/hng ri/du.
2 Tu du v kp
Tu du v kp l tu du nh nh ngha -1 ni trn, c cc khoang hng c bo
v bng v kp ko di sut chiu di khu vc hng, gm c cc khoang mn kp, cc kt
y i ch nc dn hoc cc khoang trng, bao gm c tu du v kp hin c
khng tho mn vi Quy nh 3.2.4, Phn 3 ca Quy chun k thut quc gia "Quy phm
cc h thng ngn nga nhim bin ca tu", nhng c kt cu v kp.
1.2.6 Tu ch x kh ha lng
Tu ch x kh ha lng l tu hng c ng mi hoc hon ci ch x kh ha lng
c quy nh trong Phn 8D ca Quy chun ny.
1.2.7 Tu ch x ha cht nguy him
Tu ch x ha cht nguy him l tu hng c ng mi hoc hon ci ch x ha
cht nguy him c quy nh trong Phn 8E ca Quy chun ny.
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1.2.8 Tu ch hng kh tng hp v tu ch g
1 Tu hng kh tng hp l cc tu c ng mi hoc hon ci ch hng rn khc vi
cc tu sau:
(1) Tu ch hng ri;
(2) Tu ch cng te n (l tu dng ch hng ho c cha trong cc cng te n
theo tiu chun quc t);
(3) Tu ch sn phm ch to t g (tr tu ch g);
(4) Tu RO-RO;
(5) Tu ch t;
(6) Tu ch hng ng lnh;
(7) Tu ch g x, v
(8) Tu ch xi mng.
2 Tu ch g l tu hng thuc loi tu hng kh tng hp nh nh ngha 1.2.8-1 ni
trn v c du hiu ng nc ch g ph hp vi cc quy nh Phn 11- Mn kh v
ch yu ch g sc.
1.2.9 Tu hng ri
1 Tu hng ri l nhng tu c nh ngha nh sau:
(1) Tu c ng mi hoc hon ci c boong n, c cc kt hng v cc kt nh mn
trong khu vc khoang hng v ch yu dng ch x hng kh (khng ng
bao/kin);
(2) Tu c ng mi hoc hon ci c boong n, c hai vch dc v y i ko sut
vng khoang hng v ch yu dng ch qung ch cc khoang gia;
(3) Cc tu ch hng hn hp c thit k ch c du hoc cc loi hng rn dng
ri, nh ch du/qung v ch du/hng ri/qung, v c kt cu nh cc tu c
nh ngha (1) v (2) ni trn.
2 Tu ch hng ri v kp
Tu ch hng ri v kp l tu hng ri nh ngha 1.2.9.1 ni trn, trong tt c
cc khoang hng c bo v bng v kp (bt k chiu rng ca kt mn).
1.2.10 Tu c cng dng c bit
Tu c cng dng c bit l tu c trang b chuyn dng lin quan ti cng dng ca tu,
c s nhn vin chuyn mn nhiu hn 12 ngi (gm nhng tu nghin cu khoa hc,
tu thm him, tu thy vn, tu cu h v cc tu tng t).
1.2.11 S lan
S lan l tu bin, khng t chy, c d nh ch hng trong cc khoang hng, trn
boong v/hoc trong cc kt lin vi kt cu thn tu v tun theo cc quy nh Phn 8A
ca Quy chun ny.
1.2.12 Tu ang ng
Tu ang ng l tu nm trong giai on tnh t ngy t ky cho n ngy nhn c
Giy chng nhn cp tu.
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1.2.13 Tu hin c
Tu hin c l nhng tu khng phi l tu ang ng.
1.2.14 Tu trong giai on u ca qu trnh ng mi
Tu trong giai on u ca qu trnh ng mi l tu c sng chnh (ky) c t hoc
tu ang trong giai on ng mi tng t. "Giai on ng mi tng t" y c
ngha l giai on m:
(1) Kt cu c hnh thnh c th bt u nhn dng c con tu; v
(2) Vic lp t con tu bt u c t nht 50 tn hoc 1% khi lng d tnh ca
tt c cc vt liu kt cu, ly gi tr nh hn.
1.2.15 Hon ci ln
Hon ci ln l vic lm cho mt tu hin c:
(1) Thay i ng k kch thc hoc kh nng ch hng ca tu;
(2) Thay i loi tu/cng dng;
(3) Nng cp tu.
1.2.16 Sn phm
Sn phm l thut ng ch my mc, trang thit b lp t trn tu bin (my chnh, my
ph, ni hi, bnh p lc, cc thit b/dng c v.v...).
1.2.17 Ni tr n
Ni tr n ca tu l vng nc t nhin hoc nhn to c bo v m tu c th
tr n trong trng hp s an ton ca tu b e da.
1.2.18 Yu cu b sung
Nhng yu cu b sung l nhng yu cu cha c a ra trong Quy chun ny, nhng
c cc c quan c thm quyn a ra p dng trong cc trng hp c th.
1.2.19 Xem xt c bit
Xem xt c bit l s xem xt xc nh mc , m t mt i tng chu s gim
st k thut cn tho mn cc yu cu b sung.
1.2.20 Chiu di tu
Chiu di tu (L) l khong cch, tnh bng mt, o trn ng nc ch hng thit k ln
nht c nh ngha 1.2.29.2, t mt trc sng mi n mt sau tr bnh li, trong
trng hp tu c tr bnh li; hoc n ng tm trc li, nu tu khng c tr bnh li.
Tuy nhin, nu tu c ui theo kiu tun dng hm th L c o nh trn hoc bng
96% ton b chiu di ng nc ch hng thit k ln nht, ly gi tr no ln hn.
1.2.21 Chiu di tu xc nh mn kh
Chiu di tu xc nh mn kh (L
f
) l 96% chiu di, tnh bng mt, o t mt trc
sng mi n mt sau ca tm tn bao cui cng ca ui tu, trn ng nc ti 85%
chiu cao mn l thuyt nh nht (D
min
) tnh t mt trn ca di tn gia y, hoc chiu
di, tnh bng mt, o t mt trc sng mi n ng tm trc li trn ng nc ,
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ly gi tr no ln hn. Tuy nhin, nu ng bao sng mi lm vo pha trn ng
nc ti 85% chiu cao mn l thuyt nh nht, th im mt trc ca chiu di ny phi
c ly ti hnh chiu ng ca im lm ng bao mi i vi ng nc ny. i
vi tu khng c trc li, chiu di ny c ly bng 96% ca chiu di ng nc ti
85% chiu cao mn thit k nh nht. ng nc xc nh chiu di ny phi song
song vi ng nc ch hng c nh ngha 1.2.29.1 ca chng ny.
1.2.22 Chiu rng tu
Chiu rng tu (B) l khong cch nm ngang, tnh bng mt, o t mp ngoi ca sn
mn bn ny n mp ngoi ca sn mn bn kia, ti v tr rng nht ca thn tu.
1.2.23 Chiu rng tu xc nh mn kh
Chiu rng tu xc nh mn kh (B
f
) l khong cch nm ngang ln nht, tnh bng
mt, o t mp ngoi ca sn mn bn ny n mp ngoi ca sn mn bn kia, ti
im gia ca chiu di tu xc nh mn kh L
f
.
1.2.24 Chiu cao mn tu
Chiu cao mn tu (D) l khong cch thng ng, tnh bng mt, o t mt trn ca di
tn gia y n nh x boong mn kh mn, ti im gia chiu di tu L. Trong
trng hp vch kn nc dng ln n boong cao hn boong mn kh v c ghi vo
s ng k tu, th chiu cao mn c o n boong vch .
1.2.25 Chiu cao mn tnh sc bn
Chiu cao mn tnh sc bn tu (D
s
) l khong cch thng ng, tnh bng mt, o t
mt trn ca di tn gia y n nh x boong thng tng mn, nu boong thng
tng l boong tnh ton, hoc n nh x boong mn kh, o ti im gia chiu di L, i
vi cc trng hp khc. Nu khng c boong phn gia tu, th chiu cao mn c
o theo ng boong tng tng ko di dc theo ng boong tnh ton i qua im
gia chiu di L.
1.2.26 Tc ca tu
Tc ca tu (V) l tc thit k, tnh bng hi l/gi m tu c y sch c th t
c cng sut lin tc ln nht ca my chnh, chy trn bin lng, trng thi ng vi
ng nc ch hng thit k ln nht (sau y, trong Quy chun ny gi l "trng thi
ton ti").
1.2.27 Phn gia tu
Phn gia tu l phn thuc 0,4 L gia tu, nu khng c quy nh no khc.
1.2.28 Cc phn mt tu
Cc phn mt tu l phn thuc 0,1 L tnh t mi mt tu.
1.2.29 ng nc ch hng v ng nc ch hng thit k ln nht
1 ng nc ch hng l ng nc ng vi mi mn kh tnh theo cc quy nh ca
Phn 11 ca Quy chun ny.
2 ng nc ch hng thit k ln nht l ng nc ng vi trng thi ton ti.
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1.2.30 Chiu chm ch hng v chiu chm ch hng thit k ln nht
1 Chiu chm ch hng l khong cch thng ng, tnh bng mt, o t mt trn ca di tn
gia y n ng nc ch hng.
2 Chiu chm ch hng thit k ln nht (d) l khong cch thng ng, tnh bng m, o t
mt trn ca di tn gia y n ng nc ch hng thit k ln nht, ti im gia
ca chiu di L.
1.2.31 Lng chim nc ton ti
Lng chim nc ton ti (W) l lng chim nc thit k, tnh bng tn, ng vi trng
thi ton ti.
1.2.32 H s bo th tch
H s bo th tch (C
b
) l h s tnh c khi chia th tch chim nc tng ng vi W
cho tch s LBd.
1.2.33 Boong mn kh
1 Boong mn kh thng l boong lin tc cao nht. Tuy nhin, nu c l khot m khng c
thit b ng kn thng xuyn ti nhng ch l trn boong lin tc cao nht hoc nu c
l khot m khng c thit b ng kn nc thng xuyn mn pha di boong lin tc
cao nht, th boong mn kh l boong lin tc di boong lin tc cao nht .
2 i vi tu c boong mn kh khng lin tc (v d boong mn kh c bc) th boong mn
kh c xc nh nh sau:
(1) Nu phn hm ca boong mn kh ko ti c hai mn tu v di qu 1 m, th ng
thp nht ca boong l thin v lin tc ca ng song song vi phn trn ca
boong khng lin tc ny c coi l boong mn kh;
(2) Nu phn hm ca boong mn kh khng ko ti mn tu v khng di qu 1 m, th
phn trn ca boong khng lin ny c coi l boong mn kh;
(3) Nu cc phn hm khng ko t mn ny n mn kia mt boong c d kin l
boong mn kh ph hp vi quy nh -3 di y, th boong l thin c th khng cn
quan tm, vi iu kin l tt c cc l khot boong l thin u c thit b ng
kn thi tit c nh.
3 Nu tu c nhiu boong, th mt boong thc t thp hn boong ph hp vi boong mn
kh c nh ngha -1 hoc -2 ni trn, c th c tha nhn l boong mn kh, v
ng nc ch hng c k tng ng vi boong mn kh theo ng yu cu ca
Phn 11. Tuy nhin, boong thp hn ny phi lin tc theo hng mi v li t nht l
vng gia bung my v cc vch mt ca tu v phi lin tc theo hng ngang tu.
Trong vng khoang hng, phi l boong c kt cu khung sn thch hp hoc cc sng
c chiu cao tho ng v lin tc theo hng mi v li ti cc mn v hng ngang ti
tng vch ngang kn nc m vch ko ti boong cao nht. Nu boong thp hn ny
c bc th ng thp nht ca boong ny v on ko di ca n song song vi phn trn
ca boong c coi l boong mn kh.
1.2.34 Boong vch
Boong vch l boong cao nht m cc vch ngang m bo kn nc dng ln n n, tr
vch mt mi v vch mt ui.
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1.2.35 Boong tnh ton
Boong tnh ton ti mt phn no theo chiu di tu l boong cao nht m tn bao ti
phn dng ln ti. Tuy nhin, trong khu vc thng tng, tr thng tng c bc, nu
thng tng c chiu di khng ln hn 0,15 L, th boong tnh ton l boong nm ngay
di boong thng tng. Theo nh thit k t chn, boong ngay di boong thng tng
c th c coi l boong tnh ton ngay c khu vc thng tng di hn 0,15 L.
1.2.36 Boong dng
Boong dng l boong thng tng c bc m di n khng c boong no khc.
1.2.37 Thng tng
1 Thng tng l cu trc c boong trn boong mn kh, ko di t mn ny sang mn kia
hoc c vch bn nm ti v tr khng ln hn 0,04 B
f
k t mp mn.
Thng tng c phn loi nh sau:
(1) Bung li l mt thng tng khng ko di ti ng vung gc mi hoc ng
vung gc li;
(2) Thng tng ui l mt thng tng ko di t ng vung gc li v pha trc ti
mt im sau ng vung gc mi. Thng tng ui c th bt u t mt im
nm sau ng vung gc ui;
(3) Thng tng mi l mt thng tng ko di t ng vung gc mi v pha sau ti
mt im nm trc ng vung gc li. Thng tng mi c th bt u t mt
im nm trc ng vung gc mi;
(4) Thng tng ton phn l mt thng tng ko di t nht t ng vung gc mi
n ng vung gc li.
1.2.38 Thng tng kn
1 Thng tng kn l thng tng tha mn nhng iu kin sau y:
(1) Nhng l khot i li vch mt ca thng tng phi c ca ph hp vi quy nh
16.3.1, Phn 2A ca Quy chun ny;
(2) Tt c cc l khot khc vch bn hoc vch mt ca thng tng phi c
phng tin ng m bo kn thi tit;
(3) Nu cc l khot vch b ng kn, th phng tin i li phi sn sng thuyn
vin c th n c bung my v cc bung lm vic khc thuc phm vi lu li
hoc thng tng ui xut pht t mt im bt k trn boong l thin hon ton cao
nht hoc cao hn.
1.2.39 p sut lm vic c duyt ca ni hi v bnh p lc
p sut lm vic c duyt ca ni hi hoc bnh p lc l p sut ln nht trong thn
ni hoc thn bnh m nh ch to hoc ngi s dng quy nh v khng c ln
hn gi tr nh nht trong s nhng p sut cho php c quy nh Chng 9 v 10,
1.2.40 p sut danh ngha ca ni hi c b qu nhit
p sut danh ngha ca ni hi c b qu nhit l p sut hi ln nht ti ca ra ca b
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qu nhit m ti mc p sut , Nh sn xut hoc ngi s dng t cho van an ton
ca b qu nhit.
Ch thch: Cc ng c, ng ng v.v... c ni vi ni hi hoc bnh p lc phi c thit k
sao cho c th chu c p sut khng thp hn p sut danh ngha (hoc p sut lm vic
c duyt, nu ni hi hoc bnh p lc khng c b qu nhit).
1.2.41 Cng sut lin tc ln nht ca ng c
Cng sut lin tc ln nht ca ng c l cng sut ln nht m ti ng c c th
chy an ton v lin tc trong iu kin thit k (i vi my chnh, iu kin thit k l iu
kin my chy ton ti).
1.2.42 S vng quay lin tc ln nht
S vng quay lin tc ln nht l s vng quay khi ng c chy t c cng sut lin
tc ln nht.
Ch thch: Vic tnh ton sc bn ca ng c phi da vo cng sut lin tc ln nht v s vng
quay lin tc ln nht.
1.2.43 Trc chn vt loi 1 v trc chn vt loi 2
1 Trc chn vt loi 1 l trc chn vt c kh nng chng li s n mn ca nc bin mt
cch hu hiu do c p dng cc bin php chng n mn c ng kim duyt, hoc
c ch to bng vt liu chng n mn c ng kim duyt. Trong trng hp ny,
nhng trc tha mn cc yu cu (1), (2) v (3) sau y s c phn thnh trc chn
vt loi 1A, 1B v 1C tng ng.
(1) Trc chn vt loi 1A l trc chn vt c lp vi chn vt bng then hoc khng then
hoc bng bch ni ti u sau ca trc c trong ng bao trc c bi trn bng
nc (k c trong gi trc chn vt).
(2) Trc chn vt loi 1B l trc chn vt c lp vi chn vt bng then hoc khng
then, hoc bng bch ni ti u sau ca trc c trong ng bao trc c bi
trn bng du.
(3) Trc chn vt loi 1C l trc chn vt tha mn nhng iu kin (2) ni trn v nhng
quy nh 6.2.11 Phn 3 ca Quy chun ny.
2 Trc chn vt loi 2 l trc chn vt khc vi quy nh -1 ni trn.
1.2.44 Trc trong ng bao trc
1 Trc trong ng bao trc l trc trung gian nm trong ng bao trc (sau y gi l trc trong
ng bao trc).
(1) Trc trong ng bao trc loi 1:
Trc trong ng bao trc loi 1 l trc c kh nng chng li s n mn ca nc bin
mt cch hu hiu do c p dng cc bin php chng n mn c ng kim duyt,
hoc c ch to bng vt liu chng n mn c ng kim duyt. Trong trng
hp ny, nhng trc m trc c bi trn bng nc, th c phn loi l trc
trong ng bao trc loi 1A v nhng trc m trc c bi trn bng du, th c
phn loi l trc trong ng bao trc loi 1B.
(2) Trc trong ng bao trc loi 2 l trc khc vi quy nh -1 ni trn.
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1.2.45 Trng ti ton phn
Trng ti ton phn (DW) l hiu s, tnh bng tn, gia lng chim nc ton ti (W)
ca tu v trng lng tu khng (LW).
1.2.46 Trng lng tu khng
Trng lng tu khng (LW) l lng chim nc, tnh bng tn, khng k hng ha, du
t, du bi trn, nc dn v nc ngt cha trong kt, lng thc, thc phm, hnh
khch, thuyn vin v t trang ca h.
1.2.47 Tc li ln nht ca tu
Tc li ln nht ca tu l tc thit k (hi l/gi) m tu c y sch c th t
c cng sut li ln nht ca my chnh, chy trn bin lng v trng thi ton ti.
1.2.48 Trng thi tu cht
Trng thi tu cht l trng thi trong my chnh, ni hi v cc my ph khng hot
ng do khng c nng lng.
1.2.49 Bung my loi A
1 Bung my loi A l cc khng gian v cc li i dn n cc khng gian c cha:
(1) ng c t trong dng lm my chnh, hoc
(2) ng c t trong khng dng lm my chnh nhng c tng cng sut ca t my
khng nh hn 375 kW, hoc
(3) Ni hi t du (k c my to kh tr) hoc t my t du (k c thit b t cht thi).
1.2.50 Bung my
Bung my l tt c nhng bung my loi A v nhng khng gian khc c t my chnh,
ni hi, thit b du t, ng c t trong v my hi nc, cc my pht in v ng c
in, cc trm np du, cc my lm lnh, my iu chnh gim lc ca tu, thit b thng
gi v iu ha khng kh, cc khng gian tng t v cc li i dn n cc khong
khng gian .
1.2.51 Khoang hng
Khoang hng l tt c cc khng gian dng cha hng (k c kt du hng) v li i
dn n cc khong khng gian .
1.2.52 Khu vc hng
Khu vc hng l mt phn ca tu cha cc kt hng, kt lng, bung bm hng k c
bung bm, khoang cch ly, kt dn v khoang trng k vi cc kt hng v ton b khu
vc mt boong chy qua sut chiu di v chiu rng ca phn tu cha cc khong
khng gian ni trn.
1.2.53 Bung sinh hot
Bung sinh hot l nhng khng gian dng vo mc ch cng cng, hnh lang, khu v
sinh, cabin, vn phng, trm x, phng chiu phim, phng vui chi v gii tr, phng ct tc,
phng thc n khng c dng c nu nng v cc khng gian tng t.
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1.2.54 Bung cng cng
Bung cng cng l nhng bung sinh hot dng lm hi trng, phng n, cu lc b v
cc khng gian thng xuyn ng kn tng t.
1.2.55 Bung phc v
Bung phc v l nhng bung s dng lm bp, bung ng thc n c cc thit b
nu, cc t, bung th tn, kho cha, xng my khng nm trong bung my, cc bung
tng t v li i dn n cc bung .
1.2.56 Kn nc
Kn nc l kh nng ngn nga c nc trn vo bt k hng no di p lc ca
ct nc (ct p) gi nh c th xy ra trong trng thi nguyn vn v h hng. trng
thi h hng, k c giai on ngp nc trung gian, ct p phi c xem xt trong tnh
trng xu nht trng thi tu cn bng.
1.2.57 Kn thi tit
Kn thi tit l trong bt k iu kin bin no nc cng khng th thm nhp vo tu.
1.2.58 ng ky tu
ng ky tu l ng song song vi nghing ca ky, i qua gia tu trn mt trn ca
ky ti ng tm; hoc i vi tu v kim loi l ng i qua giao im ca mt trong tm
v vi ky nu ky c dng thanh ko xung di ng .
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CHNG 2 QUY NH V PHN CP
2.1 Quy nh chung
2.1.1 Nguyn tc chung
1 Mi tu bin d nh mang cp ca ng kim s c trao cp vi cc k hiu cp tu
nh quy nh 2.1.2 di y, nu c ng kim tin hnh kim tra phn cp thn tu
v trang thit b; h thng my tu; trang b in; phng tin phng, pht hin v cha
chy; phng tin thot nn; n nh; chng chm; mn kh; tm nhn lu li v xc nhn
tt c u tha mn cc yu cu ca Quy chun ny.
2 Mi tu bin c ng kim trao cp phi duy tr cp tu theo cc quy nh 2.2.
2.1.2 K hiu cp tu
ng kim s trao cp cho tu ph hp vi quy nh 2.1.1 ni trn, s dng cc k hiu
t -1 n -4 di y:
1 K hiu cp tu c bn: VR, hoc VR, hoc VR
Trong :
VR: Biu tng ca ng kim Vit Nam (Vietnam Register) gim st tu tha mn
cc quy nh ca Quy chun ny
: Biu tng gim st trong ng mi ca ng kim Vit Nam
: Biu tng gim st trong ng mi ca T chc phn cp khc c ng
kim Vit Nam y quyn v/hoc cng nhn
: Biu tng khng c gim st hoc c gim st trong ng mi ca T chc
phn cp khng c ng kim Vit Nam cng nhn.
2 K hiu v thn tu: H
Thn tu s c ng kim trao cp vi k hiu nh sau:
VRH : Thn tu c thit k c ng kim duyt ph hp vi cc quy nh ca Quy
chun ny v c ng kim kim tra phn cp trong ng mi ph hp vi
h s thit k c duyt.
VRH : Thn tu do mt T chc phn cp khc c ng kim y quyn v/hoc
cng nhn tin hnh xt duyt thit k, gim st k thut trong ng mi v sau
c ng kim kim tra phn cp tha mn cc quy nh ca Quy chun
ny.
VRH : Thn tu khng c bt k T chc phn cp no (hoc T chc phn cp
khng c ng kim cng nhn) xt duyt thit k, gim st k thut trong
ng mi, nhng sau c ng kim kim tra phn cp tha mn cc quy
nh ca Quy chun ny.
3 K hiu v h thng my tu: M
H thng my tu ca tu t chy s c ng kim trao cp vi k hiu nh sau:
VRM : H thng my tu c thit k c ng kim duyt ph hp vi cc quy nh
ca Quy chun ny v c ng kim kim tra phn cp trong ch to v lp
t ln tu ph hp vi h s thit k c duyt.
VRM : H thng my tu do mt T chc phn cp khc c ng kim y quyn

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v/hoc cng nhn tin hnh xt duyt thit k, kim tra trong ch to v sau
c ng kim kim tra phn cp tha mn cc quy nh ca Quy chun ny.
VRM : H thng my tu khng c bt k T chc phn cp no (hoc T chc
phn cp khng c ng kim cng nhn) xt duyt thit k, kim tra trong
ch to nhng sau c ng kim kim tra phn cp tha mn cc quy
nh ca Quy chun ny.
4 Du hiu b sung:
(1) Thn tu v trang thit b
K hiu cp tu c bn c th c b sung cc du hiu sau y:
(a) Du hiu vng hot ng hn ch: I, II, III
Nu tu tha mn nhng yu cu quy nh trong Quy chun ny v hot ng
trong vng bin hn ch, th tu s c b sung cc du hiu I hoc II hoc III
vo sau k hiu cp tu c bn ca thn tu, vi ngha nh sau:
i. Du hiu I: Biu th tu c php hot ng trong vng bin hn ch cch xa
b hoc ni tr n khng qu 200 hi l.
ii. Du hiu II: Biu th tu c php hot ng trong vng bin hn ch cch
xa b hoc ni tr n khng qu 50 hi l.
iii. Du hiu III: Biu th tu c php hot ng trong vng bin hn ch cch
xa b hoc ni tr n khng qu 20 hi l.
(b) Mc d quy nh (a) ni trn, nu mun hn ch hn na vng hot ng ca
tu theo trng thi k thut hoc trang thit b ca tu, th khong cch hn ch
c ghi r trong du ngoc n pha sau du hiu hn ch vng hot ng v khi
cn thit c ghi vo trong S ng k k thut tu bin.
(c) i vi tu hot ng vng bin khng hn ch, khng ghi thm bt k du hiu
no v vng hot ng ca tu trong k hiu cp tu.
(d) Du hiu cng dng ca tu:
Ngoi cc du hiu b sung trn, nu tu c cng dng ring v tha mn nhng
yu cu tng ng ca Quy chun ny th cp tu c b sung du hiu v cng
dng ca tu nh sau:
i. i vi tu ch hng lng khng phi l du, c im chp chy nh hn
hoc bng 60
o
C, cp tu c b sung du hiu sau: Tu ch hng lng c
im chp chy nh hn hoc bng 60
o
C (vit tt l TFLB)
ii. i vi tu ch hng lng khng phi l du, c im chp chy trn 60
o
C,
cp tu c b sung du hiu sau: Tu ch hng lng c im chp chy
trn 60
o
C (vit tt l TFLA)
iii. i vi tu ch du, c im chp chy nh hn hoc bng 60
o
C, cp tu
c b sung du hiu sau: Tu ch du c im chp chy nh hn hoc
bng 60
o
C (vit tt l TOB)
iv. i vi tu ch du, c im chp chy trn 60
o
C, cp tu c b sung du
hiu sau: Tu ch du c im chp chy trn 60
o
C (vit tt l TOA)
v. i vi tu ch hng lng trong cc kt c lp (khc vi vi hoc vii di y),
cp tu c b sung du hiu sau: Tu kt cha (vit tt l TC)
vi. i vi cc tu ch x ho cht nguy him, ph hp vi cc quy nh Phn
8E ca Quy chun, cp tu c b sung du hiu sau:
- Tu loi I : Tu ch ha cht loi I (vit tt l CT I)
(
)
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- Tu loi II : Tu ch ha cht loi II (vit tt l CT II)
- Tu loi III: Tu ch ha cht loi III (vit tt l CT III)
- i vi cc tu ph hp vi c tu kiu II v kiu III, cp tu c b
sung du hiu sau: Tu ch ha cht loi II v III (vit tt l CT II & III)
vii. i vi cc tu ch x kh ho lng, ph hp vi cc quy nh Phn 8D ca
Quy chun, cp tu c b sung du hiu sau:
- Tu loi 1G : Tu ch kh ha lng loi 1G (vit tt l LGC 1G)
- Tu loi 2PG: Tu ch kh ha lng loi 2PG (vit tt l LGC 2PG)
viii. i vi cc tu ch qung hoc hng tng t c t trng tng ng,
thng thng c hai vch dc kn nc v y i ko sut vng xp hng v
ph hp vi cc quy nh ca Chng 28, Phn 2A, cp tu c b sung
du hiu sau: Tu ch qung (vit tt l OC)
ix. i vi cc tu ch x hng kh (hng kh dng ri), thng thng c
boong n, y i, c cc kt hng v kt nh mn trong vng xp hng v
ph hp vi cc quy nh ca Chng 29, Phn 2A, cp tu c b sung
du hiu sau: Tu ch hng ri (vit tt l BC)
Bt k quy nh trn, i vi cc tu c nu 29.1.2-1, Phn 2A, cp tu
c b sung du hiu thch hp tng ng vi kiu tu nh nu 29.1.2-1,
Phn 2A nh di y. i vi cc tu khng c quy nh xp/d hng ti
nhiu cng, th cp tu c b sung du hiu Khng xp/d hng ti nhiu
cng (vit tt l NO MP) km theo cc du hiu sau:
- i vi cc tu ch hng ri kiu A: Tu ch hng ri kiu A (vit tt l BC-A)
- i vi cc tu ch hng ri kiu B: Tu ch hng ri kiu B (vit tt l BC-B)
- i vi cc tu ch hng ri kiu C: Tu ch hng ri kiu C (vit tt l BC-C)
x. i vi cc tu ch cng te n, thng thng c y i trong vng xp hng
v ph hp vi Chng 30, Phn 2A, cp tu c b sung du hiu sau:
Tu ch cng te n (vit tt l CNC)
xi. i vi cc tu c khoang hng khng c phn chia bnh thng v
thng ko di n phn ln chiu di tu hoc ton b chiu di tu m
trong hng ho c th c xp/d theo phng ngang v ph hp vi
cc quy nh lin quan ca Quy chun ny, cp tu c b sung du hiu
sau: RORO
xii. i vi cc cu trc ni, d nh ch hng ha trong cc khoang hng, trn
boong v/hoc trong cc kt lin v khng c thit b y c kh v ph hp
vi cc quy nh ca phn 8A ca Quy chun, cp tu c b sung du hiu
sau: S lan (vit tt l B)
Tu thuc vo kt cu thn tu v loi hng ho chuyn ch, cp tu cn
c b sung cc du hiu sau:
- i vi s lan kiu ponton d nh ch ch hng trn boong: S lan ponton
(vit tt l BP)
- i vi s lan d nh ch hng lng trong cc kt lin v: S lan ch
hng lng (vit tt l BT)
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- i vi s lan ch x kh ho lng, ph hp vi cc quy nh ca Phn
8D: S lan ch kh ha lng (vit tt l BLGC)
xiii. i vi cc tu ln ph hp vi cc quy nh ca Phn 8C, cp tu c b
sung du hiu sau: Tu ln (vit tt l SBM)
xiv. i vi cc tu trang b h thng h tr ln (cc tu m/tu h tr) ph hp vi
cc quy nh ca Phn 8C, cp tu c b sung du hiu sau: EQ SS SMB
xv. i vi cc tu c trang b ch hng nguy him v ph hp vi Chng
19 Phn 5, Quy nh 4.6, Phn 4 ca Quy chun, cp tu c b sung du
hiu sau: EQ C DG
xvi. i vi cc tu c trang b ch xe c ng c (t) c nhin liu trong
kt v ph hp vi Chng 20, Phn 5, Quy nh 4.8, Phn 4 ca Quy chun,
cp tu c b sung du hiu sau: EQ C V
xvii. i vi cc tu c trang b ch than ph hp vi quy nh Chng
29, Phn 2A, 4.9, Phn 4 ca Quy chun, cp tu c b sung du hiu sau:
EQ C C
xviii. i vi cc tu c trang b ch g sc ph hp vi quy nh 1.1.3-2,
Phn 2A v quy nh 3.3, Phn 10 ca Quy chun, cp tu c b sung
du hiu sau: EQ C LB.
xix. i vi cc tu ch hng ri nh nh ngha 29.10.1-2(1), Phn 2A ca Quy
chun v ph hp vi cc iu khon 32.2, Phn 2A; 13.5.10 v 13.8.5,
Phn 3 v 3.2.6, Phn 10 ca Quy chun, phi b sung vo k hiu cp tu
du hiu: BC-XII;
xx. i vi nhng tu c gia cng xp/d hng bng gu ngom, c
ng kim cho l thch hp, ph hp vi yu cu 29.10.5-2(1)(a), Phn 2A
ca Quy chun, phi b sung du hiu GRAB vo k hiu cp tu.
(e) Du hiu phn khoang: , ,
Nu tu tha mn nhng yu cu quy nh Phn 9 "Phn khoang" ca Quy
chun ny, th ngoi k hiu phn cp c bn, cn c b sung mt trong cc
du hiu sau : hoc hoc . Nhng s ny biu th s khoang k cn nhau
b ngp m tu vn tha mn cc yu cu Chng 3, Phn 9 ca Quy chun ny.
(f) Du hiu gia cng i cc cc v i bng:
i. i vi cc tu c gia cng i cc cc (Nam/Bc cc) tho mn cc
yu cu Phn 8G ca Quy chun, tng ng vi cp gia cng i bng quy
nh Phn , th cp tu c b sung du hiu sau:
- Cp cc 1: PC1 (Polar Class 1)
ii. i vi cc tu c gia cng i bng tha mn nhng yu cu Phn 8G,
tng ng vi cp gia cng i bng quy nh Phn , th cp tu c
b sung du hiu sau:
- Gia cng i bng siu cp IA: IA SUPER
1 3 2
1 2 3
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- Gia cng i bng cp IA: IA
- Gia cng i bng cp IB: IB
- Gia cng i bng cp IC: IC
- Gia cng i bng cp ID: ID
iii. i vi cc tu c ng bng thp tng ng vi nhit thit k (T
D
)
hot ng trong vng nc c nhit thp (v d vng Bc cc hoc Nam
cc) ph hp vi cc quy nh 1.1.12-1, Phn 2A ca Quy chun, cp tu
s c b sung du hiu: TD
(g) Du hiu kim tra phn chm thn tu di nc: IWS
Nu tu tha mn nhng yu cu kim tra phn chm thn tu di nc ca
ng kim (xem 6.1.2, Phn 1B ca Quy chun ny) v nu c yu cu ca ch
tu, cp tu s c b sung du hiu sau: IWS
(h) Du hiu kim tra c bit:
i. i vi cc tu du nh ngha 1.2.5-1, cc tu ch x ha cht nguy him
nh ngha 1.2.7 v cc tu ch hng ri nh ngha 1.2.9-1, phi p dng
chng trnh kim tra nng cao trong cc t kim tra duy tr cp theo cc quy
nh thch hp trong Phn 1B ca Quy chun ny, th k hiu cp tu c b
sung du hiu sau: ESP
ii. i vi cc tu m vic kim tra da vo h thng bo dng phng nga
c thc hin ph hp vi cc quy nh 8.1.3, Phn 1B, th k hiu cp tu
c b sung du hiu sau: PSCM
(2) H thng my tu
Ngoi nhng k hiu cp c bn ca h thng my tu, c th b sung cc du hiu
sau y:
Du hiu t ng ha: MC, MO, MO.A, MO.B, MO.C, MO.D
H thng my tu c trang b h thng iu khin t ng v t xa phi tha mn
cc yu cu tng ng ca "Quy phm h thng iu khin t ng v t xa.
(3) Du hiu b sung v thit k mi: EXP (Experimental - du hiu th nghim)
Du hiu ny c b sung vo sau cc du hiu c trnh by (1), (2) trn y
ch loi thit k mi. Du hiu ny c th c ng kim xa sau khi kim tra nh k
phc hi cp tu nu ng kim xc nh c tin cy cn thit.
(4) Cc du hiu b sung khc:
Ngoi nhng k hiu c bn v du hiu b sung trn, nu xt thy cn thit, ng
kim c th ghi thm vo Giy chng nhn cp tu v s ng k nhng du hiu b
sung khc v c im kt cu hoc nhng tnh cht c bit khc ca tu.
(a) i vi cc tu ch hng ri p dng Phn 2A-B nh quy nh 1.1.2-1, cc
du hiu cp lin quan n kt cu thn tu v trang thit b c gn vo k hiu
cp tu ph hp vi cc quy nh ca Phn 2A-B, thay th cho cc quy nh 2.1.2-
4(1)(d)ix v 2.1.2-4(1)(d)xx. Trong trng hp ny, du hiu CSR c gn vo
trc cc du hiu lin quan (v d: CSR, BC-A);
(b) i vi cc tu du v kp p dng Phn 2A-T nh quy nh 1.1.2-2, du
hiu CSR c gn vi cc k hiu phn cp ph hp vi cc quy nh ca
Phn 2A-T, b sung vo trc cc du hiu lin quan nu 2.1.2-4(1)(d) (v
d: CSR, TOB);
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(c) i vi cc tu dng vt liu khng phi l thp lm kt cu thn tu ph hp
vi cc quy nh ca Phn 2A hoc 2B ca Quy chun, phi gn b sung du hiu
thch hp vo k hiu cp tu nh sau:
i. i vi cc tu lm bng hp kim nhm: AL (v d: VRH II AL);
ii. i vi cc tu lm bng vt liu khc vi (1): du hiu ph hp vi vt liu,
c ng kim cho l thch hp.
2.2 Duy tr cp tu
2.2.1 Kim tra chu k
Nhng tu hoc thit b c lp t trn tu c ng kim trao cp phi c ng
kim kim tra chu k hoc kim tra bt thng nhm duy tr cp ca chng ph hp vi
cc yu cu ca Quy chun ny. Tuy nhin, theo yu cu ca ch tu, khi c l do xc
ng, ng kim c th xem xt v quy nh khong thi gian kim tra chu k thch hp.
2.2.2 Kim tra khi thay i hoc hon ci
Trong trng hp tu hoc thit b c thay i hoc hon ci c nh hng n hng
mc/ni dung kim tra quy nh 2.1.1, th tu hoc thit b phi c kim tra theo ni
dung do ng kim quy nh trong tng trng hp c th.
2.3 Giy ngh kim tra
2.3.1 Kim tra phn cp
Vic kim tra phn cp s c ng kim thc hin sau khi nhn c giy ngh ca
ch tu hoc nh my ng tu.
2.3.2 Kim tra duy tr cp
Vic kim tra chu k duy tr cp s c ng kim thc hin sau khi nhn c Giy
ngh kim tra ca ch tu, thuyn trng hoc i din ca ch tu.
2.4 Giy chng nhn cp tu
2.4.1 Giy chng nhn cp tu tm thi v Giy chng nhn cp tu
1 ng kim s cp cho tu Giy chng nhn cp tu tm thi c hiu lc nh quy nh
2.4.2-3 di y, nu tu c ng kim kim tra phn cp tho mn cc quy nh
ca Quy chun ny.
2 Sau thi hn hiu lc ca Giy chng nhn tm thi, ng kim s cp Giy chng nhn
cp tu cho tu, nu tu hon ton tho mn cc quy nh ca Quy chun ny.
3 ng kim s xc nhn vo Giy chng nhn cp tu cng nhn tnh hiu lc ca Giy
chng nhn ny sau khi ng kim vin kt thc vic kim tra hng nm hoc kim tra
trung gian v xc nhn tu tha mn cc quy nh ca Quy chun ny.
4 ng kim s cp Giy chng nhn cp tu cho tu sau khi tu hon thnh t kim tra
nh k, ph hp vi quy nh 2.2.1, nu ng kim vin xc nhn tho mn cc quy nh
ca Quy chun ny.
2.4.2 Hiu lc ca Giy chng nhn cp tu v Giy chng nhn cp tu tm thi
1 Giy chng nhn cp tu c hiu lc trong thi hn khng qu 5 nm tnh t ngy hon

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thnh kim tra phn cp hoc kim tra nh k. Giy chng nhn cp tu c gia hn ti
a 5 thng, tnh t ngy kt thc kim tra nh k, nu tu c kim tra nh k theo
quy nh ca Quy chun vi kt qu tho mn cc yu cu ca ng kim hoc c th
c gia hn trong khong thi gian c php hon, nu c ng kim ng hon
ngy kim tra nh k ph hp vi quy nh ca Quy chun ny.
2 Giy chng nhn cp tu c gia hn theo quy nh -1 trn s mt hiu lc sau khi
ng kim cp Giy chng nhn cp tu chnh thc.
3 Giy chng nhn cp tu tm thi ch c hiu lc vi thi hn ti a l 5 thng, tnh t
ngy cp Giy chng nhn . Giy chng nhn cp tu tm thi s mt hiu lc khi Giy
chng nhn cp tu chnh thc c cp.
2.4.3 Lu gi, cp li v tr li Giy chng nhn
1 Thuyn trng c trch nhim lu gi Giy chng nhn cp tu hoc Giy chng nhn
cp tu tm thi trn tu v phi trnh cho ng kim khi c yu cu.
2 Ch tu hoc thuyn trng phi c trch nhim yu cu ng kim cp li ngay Giy
chng nhn cp tu hoc Giy chng nhn cp tu tm thi khi:
(1) Cc Giy chng nhn ny b mt hoc b rch nt;
(2) Ni dung ghi trong cc Giy chng nhn ny c thay i.
3 Ch tu hoc thuyn trng phi tr li ngay cho ng kim Giy chng nhn cp tu tm
thi sau khi c cp Giy chng nhn cp tu theo quy nh 2.4.1-2 hoc qu 5
thng, tnh t ngy cp Giy chng nhn cp tu tm thi v phi tr li ngay Giy chng
nhn cp tu c nu Giy chng nhn cp tu c cp theo quy nh 2.4.1-4 hoc
c cp li, lm li theo -2 nu trn, tr trng hp Giy chng nhn b mt.
4 Ch tu hoc thuyn trng phi tr li ngay cho ng kim Giy chng nhn cp tu
hoc Giy chng nhn cp tu tm thi khi tu b rt cp theo quy nh 3.2.2 Mc III.
5 Ch tu hoc thuyn trng phi tr li ngay cho ng kim Giy chng nhn cp tu
hoc Giy chng nhn cp tu tm thi khi b mt m tm li c, sau khi nhn Giy
chng nhn c cp li theo -2 trn.
2.5 H s kim tra phn cp v duy tr cp tu
2.5.1 Cp h s kim tra
1 ng kim phi cp h s kim tra cho tu v thit b c lp t trn tu sau khi kt
thc cc ni dung kim tra phn cp hoc kim tra duy tr cp.
2 Cc quy nh 2.4.3 (tr quy nh 2.4.3-2(2) v -3) phi c a vo h s kim tra.
Trong trng hp ny, Giy chng nhn cp tu hoc Giy chng nhn cp tu tm thi
theo quy nh 2.4.3 phi c coi l "H s Kim tra".
2.6 Giy chng nhn duy tr cp tu v cc Giy chng nhn khc
1 Nu c yu cu, ng kim s cp cho ch tu hoc ngi i din ch tu Giy chng
nhn duy tr cp tu chng nhn v vic cp tu c duy tr.
2 Nu c yu cu, ng kim s cp cho ch tu hoc ngi i din ch tu Giy chng
nhn v cc hng mc c ng k trong S ng k k thut tu bin.
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CHNG 3 KIM TRA V CP GIY CHNG NHN THEO CNG C QUC T
3.1 Quy nh chung
1 i vi cc tu mang c Vit Nam, theo u quyn ca Chnh ph nc Cng ho x hi
Ch ngha Vit Nam, ng kim tin hnh kim tra v cp cc Giy chng nhn ph hp
vi cc Cng c quc t v Lut hin hnh ca Vit Nam.
2 i vi cc tu mang c ca nc ngoi v mang cp ca ng kim Vit Nam, khi c
Chnh ph ca nc m tu mang c y quyn, ng kim cng s tin hnh kim tra v
cp cc Giy chng nhn theo cc Cng c v Lut quc t hin hnh cho cc tu ny.
3 Ngoi ra, i vi cc tu mang c ca nc ngoi v mang cp ca ng kim nc
ngoi, nu c y quyn ca Chnh ph ca nc m tu mang c, ng kim Vit Nam c
th tin hnh kim tra v cp cc Giy chng nhn theo cc Cng c v Lut quc t cho
cc tu ny nu chng tha mn cc yu cu ca cc Cng c v Lut quc t hin hnh
m tu phi p dng.
3.2 Giy chng nhn v hiu lc ca Giy chng nhn
3.2.1 Giy chng nhn theo Cng c quc t
1 nh ngha
Trong Phn ny ca Quy chun, thut ng "Giy chng nhn theo Cng c quc t" c
ngha l cc Giy chng nhn sau y c cp theo quy nh ca cc Cng c quc t,
bao gm c cc Giy chng nhn ph hp vi chng v c lu gi trn tu :
(1) Giy chng nhn mn kh quc t
(2) Giy chng nhn an ton kt cu tu hng
(3) Giy chng nhn an ton trang thit b tu hng
(4) Giy chng nhn an ton v tuyn in tu hng
(5) Giy chng nhn an ton tu hng
(6) Giy chng nhn an ton tu khch
(7) Giy chng nhn min gim
(8) Giy chng nhn quc t v ngn nga nhim du
(9) Giy chng nhn ph hp ngn nga nhim nc thi
(10) Giy chng nhn quc t v ngn nga nhim do cht lng c hi ch x
(11) Giy chng nhn quc t v s ph hp ch x kh ho lng
(12) Giy chng nhn quc t v s ph hp ch x ha cht nguy him
(13) Giy chng nhn s ph hp vi B lut qun l an ton quc t v khai thc tu an
ton v ngn nga nhim (ISM Code), bao gm cc Giy chng nhn sau y:
(a) Giy chng nhn s ph hp (DOC)
(b) Giy chng nhn qun l an ton (SMC)
(c) Giy chng nhn s ph hp tm thi (Interim DOC)
(d) Giy chng nhn qun l an ton tm thi (Interim SMC)
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(14) Giy chng nhn quc t v m bo an ninh tu (ISSC) v Giy chng nhn quc t
v m bo an ninh tu tm thi (Interim ISSC)
(15) Giy chng nhn v s ph hp i vi tu ch hng nguy him (CDG)
(16) Giy chng nhn ph hp ngn nga nhim khng kh
(17) Giy chng nhn s ph hp cho h thng chng h ca tu (AFS)
(18) Giy chng nhn dung tch quc t (1969).
2 Quan h gia cc Giy chng nhn theo Cng c quc t v Giy chng nhn cp
tu/Giy chng nhn ng k thit b.
(1) Cc giy chng nhn theo Cng c quc t sau y c th c cp cho nhng tu
sau khi c kim tra tha mn cc yu cu ca Quy chun ny v mang cp
hoc d nh mang cp ca ng kim nh sau:
(a) Giy chng nhn mn kh quc t
(b) Giy chng nhn an ton kt cu tu hng.
(c) Giy chng nhn quc t v s ph hp ch x kh ha lng
(d) Giy chng nhn quc t v s ph hp ch x ha cht lng nguy him
(e) Giy chng nhn v s ph hp i vi tu ch hng nguy him.
(2) Giy chng nhn theo Cng c quc t c th c cp cho cc tu c lp t thit
b sau y c ng kim kim tra v ng k hoc d nh c ng kim kim
tra v ng k:
(a) Thit b ngn nga nhim bin
(i) Giy chng nhn quc t v ngn nga nhim du
(ii) Giy chng nhn ph hp ngn nga nhim nc thi
(iii) Giy chng nhn quc t v ngn nga nhim do cht lng c hi ch x
(iv) Giy chng nhn ph hp ngn nga nhim khng kh.
(b) Trang b an ton
Giy chng nhn an ton trang thit b tu hng.
(c) Thit b v tuyn in
Giy chng nhn an ton v tuyn in tu hng.
(d) H thng chng h
Giy chng nhn s ph hp cho h thng chng h ca tu.
(3) i vi tu hng, Giy chng nhn an ton tu hng c th c cp thay th cho cc
Giy chng nhn sau c cp ring l theo cc quy nh tng ng (1)(b), (2)(b) v
(2)(c) nu trn.
- Giy chng nhn an ton kt cu tu hng
- Giy chng nhn an ton trang thit b tu hng
- Giy chng nhn an ton v tuyn in tu hng
(4) i vi tu khch, Giy chng nhn an ton tu khch c th c cp cho cc tu
khch c ng kim phn cp hoc d nh c ng kim phn cp hoc c cc
trang thit b c ng kim ng k hoc d nh c ng kim ng k.
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(5) Khi cn thit, ng kim c th cp cc Giy chng nhn min gim lin quan n cc
Giy chng nhn a ra (1)(b), (2)(b) v (2)(c), (3), v (4).
3.2.2 Hiu lc ca Giy chng nhn theo Cng c quc t
1 Hiu lc ca Giy chng nhn
Hiu lc ca cc Giy chng nhn theo Cng c quc t c quy nh theo loi Giy
chng nhn di y, tr khi c quy nh khc ca nc m tu treo c:
(1) Giy chng nhn mn kh quc t: khng qu 5 nm
(2) Giy chng nhn an ton kt cu tu hng: khng qu 5 nm
(3) Giy chng nhn an ton trang thit b tu hng: khng qu 5 nm
(4) Giy chng nhn an ton v tuyn in tu hng: khng qu 5 nm
(5) Giy chng nhn an ton tu hng: khng qu 5 nm
(6) Giy chng nhn an ton tu khch: khng qu 1 nm
(7) Giy chng nhn min gim: Ging nh cc Giy chng nhn theo Cng c tng ng
(8) Giy chng nhn quc t v ngn nga nhim du: khng qu 5 nm
(9) Giy chng nhn ph hp ngn nga nhim nc thi: khng qu 5 nm
(10) Giy chng nhn quc t v ngn nga nhim do cht lng c hi ch x: khng
qu 5 nm
(11) Giy chng nhn quc t v s ph hp ch x kh ho lng: khng qu 5 nm
(12) Giy chng nhn quc t v s ph hp ch x ho cht nguy him: khng qu 5 nm
(13) Giy chng nhn s ph hp vi B lut qun l an ton quc t (ISM Code)
(a) Giy chng nhn s ph hp (DOC): khng qu 5 nm
(b) Giy chng nhn qun l an ton (SMC): khng qu 5 nm
(c) Giy chng nhn s ph hp tm thi (Interim DOC): khng qu 12 thng
(d) Giy chng nhn qun l an ton tm thi (Interim SMC): khng qu 6 thng.
(14) Giy chng nhn quc t v m bo an ninh tu (ISSC) v Giy chng nhn quc t
v m bo an ninh tu tm thi (Interim ISSC):
(a) ISSC: khng qu 5 nm
(b) Interim: Khng qu 6 thng
(15) Giy chng nhn v s ph hp i vi tu ch hng nguy him: khng qu 5 nm
(16) Giy chng nhn quc t v s ph hp ngn nga nhim khng kh: khng qu
5 nm.
Ghi ch: - Cc Giy chng nhn dung tch quc t v AFS : khng n nh thi hn;
- Trong trng hp c bit, ng kim c th gia hn hiu lc ca cc Giy
chng nhn cp theo Cng c quc t ph hp vi cc quy nh ca Cng
c theo hng dn ca nc m tu treo c.
2 Duy tr hiu lc ca Giy chng nhn
duy tr hiu lc ca cc Giy chng nhn theo Cng c quc t do ng kim cp,
tu phi c ng kim tin hnh kim tra v cc Giy chng nhn phi c xc nhn
theo quy nh ca cc Cng c quc t.
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CHNG 4 GIM ST K THUT
4.1 Quy nh chung
4.1.1 Khi lng gim st k thut v phn cp tu bin
1 Hot ng gim st k thut ca ng kim da trn c s cc quy nh ca Quy chun,
khi tin hnh gim st k thut v phn cp tu bin, ng kim phi thc hin nhng
cng vic sau y:
(1) Duyt thit k vi khi lng h s v bn v c quy nh trong cc Phn tng
ng ca Quy chun ny;
(2) Gim st vic ch to vt liu v cc sn phm/trang thit b c s dng ng
mi/sa cha v lp t ln tu hoc cc i tng chu s gim st/kim tra chng
nhn ca ng kim;
(3) Gim st vic ng mi, hon ci, phc hi hoc hin i ho tu bin;
(4) Kim tra cc tu ang khai thc;
(5) Trao cp, xc nhn li cp, phc hi cp, ghi vo S ng k k thut tu bin v cp
cc chng ch khc lin quan ca ng kim.
2 i tng gim st k thut ca ng kim bao gm:
(1) Tt c cc loi tu bin quy nh 1.1.1, Phn Quy nh chung (I) ca Quy chun ny;
(2) Vt liu ng/sa cha tu bin, ch to cc sn phm/thit b lp t ln tu bin; k
c thit b lm lnh hng lp t ln tu bin, thit b nng hng trn tu bin v cn
trc, cc cng te n vn chuyn v cha hng ho.
4.1.2 Nguyn tc gim st k thut
1 Phng php gim st chnh ca ng kim: ng kim thc hin vic gim st theo
nhng trnh t c quy nh trong cc Hng dn kim tra ca ng kim, ng thi
ng kim cng c th tin hnh kim tra t xut bt c hng mc no ph hp vi Quy
chun ny trong trng hp ng kim thy cn thit.
2 thc hin cng tc gim st, ch tu, cc c s ng tu phi to mi iu kin thun
li cho ng kim vin tin hnh kim tra, th nghim vt liu v cc sn phm chu s
gim st ca ng kim k c vic ng kim vin c t do n tt c nhng ni sn
xut, th nghim vt liu v ch to cc sn phm .
3 Cc c quan thit k, ch tu, c s ng tu v cc c s ch to sn phm cng nghip
phi thc hin cc yu cu ca ng kim khi thc hin cng tc gim st k thut.
4 Nu d nh c nhng sa i trong qu trnh ch to lin quan n vt liu, kt cu, my
mc, trang thit b v sn phm cng nghip khc vi cc bn v v ti liu c duyt
th cc bn v hoc ti liu sa i phi c trnh cho ng kim xem xt v duyt thit
k sa i trc khi thi cng.
5 Nu c nhng bt ng xy ra trong qu trnh gim st gia ng kim vin v cc c
quan/x nghip (ch tu, nh my ng tu, nh ch to vt liu v sn phm) th cc c
quan/x nghip ny c quyn xut kin ca mnh trc tip vi Lnh o tng cp t
thp ln cao ca ng kim gii quyt.
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kin gii quyt ca Cc trng Cc ng kim Vit Nam l quyt nh cui cng.
6 ng kim c th t chi khng thc hin cng tc gim st, nu nh my ng tu hoc
xng ch to vi phm c h thng nhng yu cu ca Quy chun ny hoc vi phm hp
ng v gim st vi ng kim.
7 Trong trng hp pht hin thy vt liu hoc sn phm c khuyt tt, tuy c cp
Giy chng nhn hp l, ng kim vn c quyn yu cu tin hnh th nghim li hoc
khc phc nhng khuyt tt . Trong trng hp khng th khc phc c nhng
khuyt tt , ng kim c th thu hi v hy b Giy chng nhn cp.
8 Hot ng gim st k thut ca ng kim khng lm thay i cng vic cng nh khng
thay cho trch nhim ca cc t chc kim tra k thut/cht lng ca ch tu, nh my/c
s ng, sa cha tu, ch to vt liu, my mc v trang thit b lp t ln tu.
4.2 Gim st vic ch to vt liu v cc sn phm
4.2.1 Quy nh chung
1 Trong tng Phn ca Quy chun u c bn danh mc vt liu v cc sn phm chu s
gim st ca ng kim. Trong trng hp cn thit, ng kim c th yu cu gim st
vic ch to nhng vt liu v sn phm cha c nu trong cc bn danh mc .
2 Vic ch to vt liu v cc sn phm chu s gim st ca ng kim phi ph hp vi h
s k thut c ng kim duyt.
3 Trong qu trnh thc hin gim st, ng kim c th tin hnh kim tra s ph hp ca
kt cu, cng ngh vi tiu chun v quy trnh khng c quy nh trong Quy chun ny
nhng nhm mc ch thc hin cc yu cu ca Quy chun ny.
4 Vic s dng vt liu, kt cu, hoc quy trnh cng ngh mi trong sa cha v ng mi
tu, trong ch to vt liu v sn phm chu s gim st ca ng kim phi c ng
kim chp nhn.
Cc vt liu, sn phm, hoc quy trnh cng ngh mi sau khi c ng kim chp nhn
phi c tin hnh th nghim theo ni dung c tho thun trc vi ng kim.
5 ng kim c ng kim vin trc tip thc hin vic kim tra ch to vt liu v sn phm
hoc c th u quyn vic kim tra ny cho cc T chc Phn cp khc ph hp vi cc
Tho thun thay th ln nhau trong gim st.
6 Nu mu sn phm, k c mu u tin c ch to da vo h s k thut c
ng kim duyt, th xng ch to phi tin hnh th nghim mu mi ny di s gim
st ca ng kim vin. Khi , ng kim c th yu cu tin hnh th nghim nhng
trm th hoc phng th nghim c ng kim cng nhn. Trong nhng trng hp
c bit quan trng, ng kim c th yu cu tin hnh th trong qu trnh khai thc vi
khi lng v thi gian thch hp do ng kim quy nh.
7 Sau khi th mu u tin nu cn phi thay i kt cu ca sn phm hoc thay i quy
trnh sn xut khc vi nhng quy nh ghi trong h s k thut c ng kim duyt
cho mu ny ch to hng lot, th c s ch to phi trnh ng kim duyt li h s
trong c cp n nhng thay i y. Nu c ng kim ng , nh my c th
ch cn trnh bn danh mc nhng thay i. Nu khng c thay i no khc th nht thit
h s k thut phi c s xc nhn ca ng kim l mu u tin c duyt ph hp
sn xut hng lot theo mu ny.
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8 Trong nhng trng hp c bit, ng kim c th quy nh nhng iu kin s dng cho
tng sn phm ring bit.
9 Vt liu v sn phm c ch to nc ngoi dng trn cc tu chu s gim st ca
ng kim Vit Nam phi c Giy chng nhn c cp bi mt T chc Phn cp c
ng kim Vit Nam y quyn v/hoc cng nhn. Trong trng hp khng c Giy chng
nhn nh trn, vt liu v sn phm phi chu s gim st c bit ca ng kim trong
tng trng hp c th.
4.2.2 Gim st trc tip
1 Gim st trc tip l hnh thc gim st do ng kim vin trc tip tin hnh, da trn cc
h s k thut c ng kim duyt cng nh da vo nhng Quy chun v yu cu
b sung hoc nhng Tiu chun c ng kim chp thun. Da vo bn hng dn
hin hnh ca ng kim v ty thuc vo iu kin c th, ng kim s quy nh khi
lng kim tra, o c v th nghim trong qu trnh gim st.
2 Sau khi thc hin gim st v nhn c nhng kt qu tha ng v th nghim vt liu
v sn phm, ng kim s cp hoc xc nhn cc giy chng nhn theo quy nh 2.4,
2.5, 3.2 ca Phn ny v cc quy nh cc Phn lin quan khc.
3 Khi sn xut hng lot cc sn phm, vic gim st trc tip c th c thay bng gim
st gin tip, nu nh nh my sn xut c trnh cao v n nh, c h thng qun l
cht lng hiu qu. Hnh thc v khi lng gim st gin tip s do ng kim vin quy
nh trong tng trng hp c th.
4.2.3 Gim st gin tip
1 Gim st gin tip l gim st do nhng ngi ca cc T chc kim tra k thut hoc cn
b k thut ca nh my c ng kim y quyn thc hin da theo h s k thut
c ng kim duyt.
2 Gim st gin tip c thc hin theo nhng hnh thc sau:
- Cn b c ng kim y quyn;
- X nghip c ng kim y quyn;
- H s c ng kim cng nhn.
3 Da vo cc hng dn hin hnh ca ng kim v ty thuc vo iu kin c th, ng
kim s quy nh cc iu kin tin hnh gim st gin tip, khi lng kim tra, o c v
th nghim c tin hnh trong qu trnh gim st.
4 Ty thuc vo hnh thc gim st gin tip v kt qu gim st, ng kim hoc xng
ch to s cp cc chng ch cho i tng c gim st.
Th tc cp cc chng ch v ni dung ca chng c quy nh trong cc bn hng dn
hin hnh ca ng kim.
5 ng kim vin s kim tra la chn bt k sn phm no trong s cc sn phm chu s
gim st gin tip ca ng kim ti cc nh my ch to.
6 Nu nhn thy c vi phm trong gim st gin tip hoc cht lng gim st gin tip
khng t yu cu, ng kim s hu u quyn gim st gin tip v trc tip tin hnh
gim st.
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4.2.4 Cng nhn cc trm th v phng th nghim
1 Trong cng tc gim st v phn cp, ng kim c th cng nhn v y quyn cho cc
trm th v phng th nghim ca nh my ng tu hoc cc c quan khc thc hin
cng vic th nghim bng cc Giy chng nhn cng nhn v y quyn.
2 Trm th hoc phng th nghim mun c cng nhn v u quyn phi tha mn cc
iu kin sau y:
(1) Cc dng c v my mc phi chu s kim tra nh k ca c quan Nh nc c thm
quyn v phi c Giy chng nhn cn hiu lc do c quan c thm quyn cp.
(2) Tt c cc dng c v my mc khc c dng vo vic th nghim phi c Giy
chng nhn kim tra cn hiu lc.
3 ng kim c th kim tra s hot ng ca cc trm th hoc phng th nghim c
ng kim cng nhn v y quyn. Trong trng hp cc n v c y quyn khng
tun th theo yu cu ca Quy chun hoc cc iu khon ca bn hp ng (nu c) th
ng kim c th hy b vic y quyn v cng nhn .
4.3 Gim st ng mi, hon ci, phc hi v hin i ho tu bin
Da vo thit k/h s k thut c duyt, ng kim vin thc hin vic gim st
ng mi, ch to cc sn phm lp t ln tu, hon ci, phc hi v hin i ho tu
bin. Cn c vo cc hng dn ca ng kim v ty thuc vo iu kin c th, ng
kim vin s quy nh khi lng kim tra, o c v th nghim trong qu trnh gim st.
4.4 Kim tra tu ang khai thc
4.4.1 Trch nhim ca ch tu
Ch tu phi thc hin ng thi hn kim tra chu k v cc loi kim tra khc theo quy
nh ca Quy chun v phi chun b y cc iu kin a phng tin vo kim
tra. Ch tu phi bo cho ng kim vin bit mi s c, v tr h hng, vic sa cha ca
phng tin v sn phm xy ra gia hai ln kim tra.
Trong trng hp cn xin hon kim tra chu k, ch tu phi tun th cc quy nh c lin
quan trong cc Phn tng ng ca Quy chun ny.
4.4.2 Lp t sn phm mi
Trng hp lp t ln tu ang khai thc cc sn phm mi thuc phm vi p dng ca
Quy chun ny, phi tun th ng cc quy nh 4.2 v 4.3.
4.4.3 Quy nh khi thay th cc chi tit hng
Khi thay th nhng chi tit b h hng hoc nhng chi tit b mn qu gii hn cho php
theo cc yu cu ca Quy chun ny, th cc chi tit mi cn phi c ch to ph hp
vi cc yu cu ca Quy chun ny v phi c ng kim vin kim tra xc nhn.
4.5 Kim tra tu cng nc ngoi
nhng cng khng c i din ca ng kim Vit Nam, nu tu cn c kim tra th
phi thc hin theo nhng ch dn di y:
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(1) Trong trng hp cn phi cp mi, gia hn hoc xc nhn nhng chng ch c
cp ph hp vi yu cu ca Cng c v Lut quc t th ch tu, thuyn trng
hoc i din ca ch tu phi lin h vi ng kim Vit Nam ng kim Vit Nam
thc hin.
(2) Trong trng hp cn cp mi, gia hn, hoc chng nhn nhng chng ch phn cp
hoc cn nhn nhng kt lun v chuyn mn c lin quan n vic phn cp tu,
thit b lm lnh, thit b nng hng th ch tu, thuyn trng hoc i din ca ch
tu phi lin h vi ng kim Vit Nam ng kim Vit Nam thc hin.
(3) Trong trng hp (1) v (2) nu trn, nu ng kim Vit Nam khng th c ng
kim vin ca mnh trc tip thc hin, th y quyn cho mt T chc phn cp nc
ngoi thc hin, theo th t u tin sau y:
(a) Cc T chc phn cp k tha thun hp tc vi ng kim Vit Nam v c
ng kim Vit Nam y quyn thay th;
(b) Cc T chc chuyn mn c ng kim Vit Nam cng nhn v/hoc y quyn.
(4) Trong trng hp cn cp mi hoc gia hn Giy chng nhn kh nng i bin, ng
kim Vit Nam s xem xt v gii quyt trong tng trng hp c th.
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CHNG 5 H S K THUT
5.1 H s thit k trnh duyt
5.1.1 Trnh duyt h s thit k
1 Trc khi bt u ng mi, hon ci, phc hi hoc ch to vt liu v cc sn phm chu
s gim st ca ng kim, ngi thit k v nh ch to phi trnh ng kim duyt h
s thit k vi khi lng c quy nh trong cc Phn tng ng ca Quy chun ny.
Khi cn thit, ng kim c th yu cu tng khi lng h s.
2 Nhng Tiu chun v vt liu v sn phm c ng kim duyt c th thay cho mt
phn hoc ton b h s thit k trnh duyt.
3 Khi lng h s trnh ng kim duyt i vi nhng tu v sn phm c kiu v/hoc
kt cu c bit trong tng trng hp c th s c ng kim xem xt v chp
thun ring.
5.1.2 Sa i thit k duyt
Sau khi thit k c ng kim duyt, nu ngi thit k mun thay i thit k th
phi trnh ng kim h s thit k sa i km theo kin chp thun ca ch tu
ng kim duyt trc khi tin hnh thi cng.
5.1.3 Trnh duyt h s thit k hon cng
Trc khi ng kim trao cp cho tu, h s thit k hon cng phi c trnh ng kim
ph hp vi 2.1.7 phn 1B ca Quy chun.
5.1.4 Nhng yu cu i vi h s trnh duyt
1 H s thit k trnh ng kim duyt phi th hin c y cc s liu cn thit
chng minh c rng, cc quy nh ca Quy chun ny c thc hin nghim tc v
ph hp vi quy nh v thm duyt thit k ca ng kim.
2 Bn tnh ton xc nh cc thng s v i lng theo Tiu chun c s dng phi
ph hp vi cc yu cu ca Tiu chun , hoc theo phng php c ng kim
chp nhn. Phng php tnh ton p dng phi m bo chnh xc.
3 H s thit k do ng kim duyt c lin quan n cc chi tit v kt cu thuc phm vi
yu cu ca Quy chun s c ng du ca ng kim.
H s c ng kim xem xt nh gi an ton chung ca tu nhng khng thuc
phm vi yu cu bt buc ca Quy chun s khng c ng du duyt ca ng kim.
5.1.5 Thi hn hiu lc ca h s thit k duyt
1 Thi hn hiu lc ca h s thit k tu, hoc sn phm c ng kim duyt l 5
nm tnh t ngy duyt. Sau khi ht thi hn ny hoc thi gian tnh t ngy duyt n
ngy bt u thi cng qu hai nm ri, ngi thit k phi trnh duyt li h s. Khi
lng sa i trong tng trng hp phi c ng kim chp thun.
2 Ngoi nhng quy nh v thi gian a ra -1 ni trn, h s thit k c ng kim
duyt cn phi sa li cho ph hp vi cc b sung/sa i ca cc Cng c v Lut
quc t m Chnh ph ca nc tu mang c tham gia.
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3 Ngoi ra, mi h s c ng kim duyt u phi c sa li theo cc thng bo
b sung, sa i thng k ca Quy chun c hiu lc ca ng kim. Nhng tu ng
mi, phc hi, hon ci v hin i ho phi thc hin y cc quy nh ny.
5.1.6 Thi hn gii quyt
1 Trng hp thng thng: chm nht 20 ngy lm vic, k t khi nhn h s thit k,
bao gm c ngh duyt thit k hp l, ng kim phi hon thnh vic duyt v cp
giy chng nhn duyt thit k cho t chc, c nhn ngh duyt thit k.
2 Trng hp thit k loi tu bin mi hoc phc tp, thi gian hon thnh duyt thit
k c thc hin theo tho thun gia ng kim vi t chc, c nhn ngh duyt
thit k.
5.2 Cc chng ch do ng kim cp
5.2.1 Cc chng ch cp theo Quy chun v Cng c quc t
1 i vi nhng tu mang cp ca ng kim, nu c ng kim vin kim tra v xc
nhn tha mn nhng yu cu ca Quy chun, tu s nhn c cc Giy chng nhn
theo quy nh 2.4 ca Phn ny.
2 Nu tu c ng kim kim tra v xc nhn tha mn cc yu cu ca Cng c quc
t c lin quan th tu s nhn c cp cc Giy chng nhn theo quy nh 3.2 ca
Phn ny.
3 Ngoi cc Giy chng nhn nu -1 v -2 ni trn, ng kim s cp bin bn kim tra v
cc h s khc ph hp vi ni dung v kt qu kim tra do cc ng kim vin thc hin.
5.2.2 Giy chng nhn kh nng i bin
1 Tt c nhng tu mang c Quc tch Vit Nam sau y, nu tha mn tt c cc yu cu/
quy nh ca Quy chun ny v cc Tiu chun khc lin quan, cng nh cc yu cu ca
Cng c quc t m tu phi p dng (i vi tu chy tuyn quc t) th tu s c
nhn Giy chng nhn kh nng i bin:
(1) Tu mang n cp ca ng kim Vit Nam hoc ca t chc phn cp khc;
(2) Tu mang lng cp (Dual Class) gia ng kim Vit Nam v mt t chc phn
cp khc;
(3) Tu mang song cp (Double Class) ca ng kim Vit Nam v ca mt t chc phn
cp khc.
2 Thi hn hiu lc ca Giy chng nhn kh nng i bin khng c vt qu thi hn
hiu lc ca Giy chng nhn cp tu, Giy chng nhn cp theo lut quc gia (nu tu
chy ni a) v/hoc cc Giy chng nhn cp theo Cng c quc t (nu c p dng),
thi hn kim tra chu k ti v/hoc thi hn m ng kim yu cu tu phi c kim
tra xc nhn li trng thi k thut sau khi khc phc cc tn ti v khuyn ngh ca
ng kim, ly thi hn no ngn nht.
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46

47
PHN 1B QUY NH CHUNG V PHN CP TU
Rules for the Classifi cation and Constructi on of Sea-going Steel Shi ps
Part 1B General Regulations for the Classification
CHNG 1 QUY NH CHUNG
1.1 Kim tra
1.1.1 Kim tra phn cp
1 Tt c cc tu bin d nh mang cp ca ng kim, phi tun th cc quy nh sau y:
(1) Tt c cc tu bin (tr s lan v thp, tu ln, tu cng trnh, tu khch), phi c
kim tra ph hp cc quy nh Chng 2 ca Phn ny;
(2) S lan v thp phi c kim tra phn cp ph hp vi cc quy nh Chng 10
ca Phn ny;
(3) Tu ln phi c kim tra phn cp ph hp vi cc quy nh Chng 11 ca
Phn ny;
(4) Tu cng trnh phi c kim tra phn cp ph hp vi cc quy nh Chng 12
ca Phn ny;
(5) Tu khch phi c kim tra phn cp ph hp vi cc quy nh Phn 8F ca Quy
chun ny.
2 Kim tra phn cp bao gm:
(1) Kim tra phn cp tu trong qu trnh ng mi;
(2) Kim tra phn cp tu ng mi khng c gim st ca ng kim.
1.1.2 Kim tra duy tr cp tu
1 Tt c cc tu bin (tr s lan v thp, tu ln, tu cng trnh, tu khch) c ng
kim trao cp phi c kim tra duy tr cp ph hp vi cc quy nh t Chng 3 n
Chng 9 ca Phn ny. S lan v thp, tu ln, tu cng trnh phi c kim tra duy tr
cp ph hp vi cc quy nh Chng 10, Chng 11, Chng 12 (tng ng) ca
Phn ny v tu khch phi c kim tra duy tr ph hp vi cc quy nh Phn 8F, ca
Quy chun ny.
2 Kim tra duy tr cp tu bao gm kim tra chu k, kim tra h thng my tu theo k hoch
v kim tra bt thng c quy nh t (1) n (3) di y. Trong mi ln kim tra
nh vy phi tin hnh kim tra hoc th xc nhn rng mi hng mc u trng thi
tho mn.
(1) Kim tra chu k
(a) Kim tra hng nm
Kim tra hng nm bao gm vic kim tra chung thn tu, my tu, trang thit b,
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thit b cu ha v.v... nh quy nh Chng 3 ca Phn ny.
(b) Kim tra trung gian
Kim tra trung gian bao gm vic kim tra chung thn tu, my tu, trang thit b,
thit b cha chy v.v... v kim tra chi tit mt s phn nht nh nh quy nh
Chng 4 ca Phn ny.
(c) Kim tra nh k
Kim tra nh k bao gm vic kim tra chi tit thn tu, h thng my tu, trang
thit b, thit b cha chy nh quy nh Chng 5 ca Phn ny.
(d) Kim tra trn
Kim tra trn bao gm vic kim tra phn chm ca tu thng c thc hin
trong kh hoc trn trin nh quy nh Chng 6 ca Phn ny.
(e) Kim tra ni hi
Kim tra ni hi bao gm vic m kim tra v th kh nng hot ng ca ni hi
nh quy nh Chng 7 ca phn ny.
(f) Kim tra trc chn vt v trc trong ng bao trc
Kim tra bao gm vic m kim tra trc chn vt v trc trong ng bao trc nh quy
nh Chng 8 ca Phn ny.
(2) Kim tra my theo k hoch
(a) Kim tra my lin tc (CMS): bao gm vic m kim tra my v thit b nh quy
nh Chng 9 ca Phn ny. Vic kim tra ny phi c thc hin mt cch
h thng, lin tc v theo trnh t sao cho khong cch kim tra ca tt c cc
hng mc trong CMS khng c vt qu 5 nm.
(b) Biu bo dng my theo k hoch (PMS): bao gm vic m kim tra my v
thit b nh quy nh Chng 9 ca phn ny. Vic kim tra phi c thc hin
theo chng trnh bo dng my c ng kim duyt.
(3) Kim tra bt thng
Kim tra bt thng bao gm vic kim tra thn tu, my tu v trang thit b trong
bao gm kim tra b phn b h hng v kim tra cc hng mc sa cha, thay i,
hon ci. Kim tra bt thng c thc hin c lp vi kim tra nu (1) v (2) ni
trn.
1.1.3 Thi hn kim tra duy tr cp tu
1 Kim tra chu k phi c tin hnh ph hp vi cc yu cu c a ra t (1) n (6)
sau y:
(1) Kim tra hng nm
Cc t kim tra hng nm phi c tin hnh trong khong thi gian ba thng trc
hoc ba thng sau ngy n nh kim tra hng nm ca ln kim tra phn cp hoc
kim tra nh k trc .
(2) Kim tra trung gian
Cc t kim tra trung gian phi c tin hnh nh quy nh (a) hoc (b) di y.
Khng yu cu tin hnh kim tra hng nm khi thc hin kim tra trung gian.
(a) Kim tra trung gian phi c thc hin vo t kim tra hng nm ln th 2 hoc
th 3 sau khi kim tra phn cp trong qu trnh ng mi hoc kim tra nh k; hoc
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(b) Thay cho (a) ni trn, kim tra trung gian i vi tu ch hng ri, tu du v cc
tu ch x ho cht nguy him trn 10 tui v cc tu ch hng kh tng hp trn
15 tui c tng dung tch bng v ln hn 500, c th c bt u vo t kim
tra hng nm ln th 2 hoc sau v c kt thc vo t kim tra hng nm
ln th 2 hoc ln th 3.
(3) Kim tra nh k
Kim tra nh k phi c tin hnh nh quy nh t (a) n (c) di y.
(a) Kim tra nh k phi c tin hnh trong khong thi gian 3 thng trc ngy
ht hn ca Giy chng nhn phn cp;
(b) Kim tra nh k c th c bt u vo hoc sau t kim tra hng nm ln th
4 v phi c kt thc trong thi hn 3 thng trc ngy ht hn ca Giy chng
nhn phn cp; hoc
(c) Mc d c quy nh (b), vn c th tin hnh kim tra nh k trc t kim
tra hng nm ln th 4. Trong trng hp ny, phi kt thc kim tra nh k trong
vng 15 thng tnh t ngy bt u kim tra nh k.
(4) Kim tra trn
Kim tra trn phi c tin hnh nh quy nh (a) v (b) di y:
(a) Kim tra trn c tin hnh ng thi vi kim tra nh k;
(b) Kim tra trn c tin hnh trong vng 36 thng tnh t ngy kt thc kim tra
phn cp hoc tnh t ngy kt thc t kim tra trn trc .
(5) Kim tra ni hi
Kim tra ni hi phi c thc hin nh quy nh (a) v (b) di y. Tuy nhin,
i vi cc tu ch c trang b mt ni hi chnh, th 8 nm sau khi tu c ng
phi kim tra ni hi vo cc t kim tra hng nm, trung gian hoc nh k.
(a) Kim tra ni hi ng thi vi kim tra nh k;
(b) Kim tra ni hi trong vng 36 thng k t ngy kt thc kim tra phn cp hoc
ngy kt thc kim tra ni hi trc .
(6) Kim tra trc chn vt v trc trong ng bao trc
Kim tra thng thng trc chn vt v trc trong ng bao trc c tin hnh theo quy
nh t (a) n (d) sau y:
(a) Kim tra thng thng trc chn vt loi 1 hoc trc trong ng bao trc loi 1(sau
y trong Chng ny gi l trc loi 1) phi c tin hnh trong khong thi
gian 5 nm tnh t ngy hon thnh kim tra phn cp hoc kim tra thng thng
trc chn vt trc .
(b) C th hon kim tra thng thng trc chn vt loi 1 (loi 1C) c lp trong
ng bao trc c bi trn bng du, vi thi hn khng qu 3 nm hoc khng
qu 5 nm tnh t ngy hon thnh t kim tra tng phn, vi iu kin l t
kim tra tng phn quy nh 8.1.2-1 hoc -2 c thc hin mt cch tng
ng theo thi gian a ra (a) ni trn.
(c) Trc chn vt loi 1 p dng h thng bo dng phng nga ph hp vi cc yu
cu 8.1.3, khng cn phi rt trc ra trong t kim tra thng thng. Cc trc
phi c rt ra kim tra vo lc c yu cu da trn c s kt qu bo
dng phng nga.
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(d) Kim tra thng thng trc chn vt loi 2 v trc trong ng bao trc loi 2 (sau y
trong Chng ny gi l trc loi 2) phi c tin hnh nh quy nh (i) v (ii)
di y:
(i) Kim tra c tin hnh ng thi vi t kim tra nh k;
(ii) Kim tra c tin hnh trong vng 36 thng tnh t ngy hon thnh kim tra
phn cp hoc kim tra thng thng h trc trc .
Tuy nhin, nu nh phn kt cu ca trc trong trong ng bao tng ng
vi trc loi 1 v kt cu ca trc gia ng bao trc v gi trc tng ng vi
trc loi 2, th trc c th c kim tra trong khong thi gian c a ra trong
(a), vi iu kin l thc hin vic kim tra tng phn tng ng vi trc loi
2 ng theo thi gian c a ra (i) v (ii) ni trn.
2 Kim tra my tu theo k hoch phi c tin hnh nh quy nh t (1) n (2) di y:
(1) Trong h thng kim tra my lin tc, mi hng mc kim tra hoc tng b phn phi
c tin hnh kim tra trong thi hn khng vt qu 5 nm.
(2) Trong biu bo dng my theo k hoch, mi hng mc kim tra hoc tng b
phn phi c tin hnh kim tra theo bng biu kim tra c quy nh 9.1.3
v vo dp kim tra tng th, bao gm vic xem xt h s bo dng my theo k
hoch c thc hin hng nm.
3 Tu mang cp ca ng kim phi c a vo kim tra bt thng khi chng ri vo
mt trong cc trng hp t (1) n (6) di y. Kim tra chu k c th thay th cho kim
tra bt thng nu cc hng mc kim tra ca kim tra bt thng c thc hin nh
mt phn ca kim tra chu k.
(1) Khi cc phn chnh ca thn tu, my tu hoc cc trang thit b quan trng c
ng kim kim tra b h hng, hoc phi sa cha hay hon ci.
(2) Khi ng nc ch hng b thay i hoc c k mi;
(3) Khi thc hin hon ci lm nh hng n n nh ca tu;
(4) Khi ch tu yu cu kim tra;
(5) Khi vic kim tra c thc hin nhm xc nh li rng tu ng ph hp vi cc
yu cu ca Quy chun, ti thi im p dng;
(6) Khi ng kim thy cn thit phi kim tra.
1.1.4 Kim tra chu k trc thi hn
1 C th thc hin vic kim tra nh k trc thi hn quy nh, nu ch tu ngh.
2 C th kim tra hng nm v kim tra trung gian trc thi hn quy nh, nu ch tu
ngh. Trong trng hp ny, phi thc hin thm t 1 t kim tra chu k tr ln theo cc
quy nh thch hp khc ca ng kim.
3 Trong trng hp, nu t kim tra chu k khc vi t kim tra hng nm hoc kim tra
trung gian c thc hin trc thi hn v trng vo thi hn kim tra hng nm hoc
kim tra trung gian, th c th p dng cc yu cu sau y:
(1) Nu t kim tra nh k hoc trung gian c thc hin trc thi hn v trng vo
thi hn kim tra hng nm th c th min kim tra hng nm.
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(2) Nu t kim tra nh k c thc hin trc thi hn v trng vo thi hn kim tra
trung gian th c th min kim tra trung gian.
1.1.5 Hon kim tra chu k
1 Kim tra nh k, kim tra trn c thc hin vo thi im quy nh 1.1.3-1(2)(a),
kim tra ni hi c thc hin vo thi im quy nh 1.1.3-1(5)(a) v kim tra thng
thng trc chn vt loi 2 quy nh 1.1.3-1(6)(d)(i) c th c hon nh quy nh (1)
hoc (2) di y, nu c ng kim chp nhn trc. Trong mi trng hp, khong
thi gian gia 2 t kim tra trn , kim tra ni hi v kim tra thng thng trc chn vt
loi 2 khng c vt qu 36 thng.
(1) Ti a 3 thng cho php tu hon thnh chuyn i n cng kim tra;
(2) Ti a 1 thng cho cc tu chy tuyn ngn.
2 B sung vo -1 ni trn, kim tra trn tin hnh ng thi vi kim tra nh k c th
c hon n 3 thng, nu c ng kim chp thun trc do nhng trng hp
ngoi l nh khng c sn phng tin kh, khng c sn phng tin sa cha, khng
c sn vt liu chnh, trang thit b hoc cc b phn ph tng d tr hoc b chm tr/cn
tr do iu kin thi tit.
3 B sung vo -1 ni trn, kim tra ni hi quy nh 1.1.3-1(5)(a) v (b) c th c hon
n 3 thng, nu c ng kim chp thun trc do nhng trng hp ngoi l nh
khng c c s sa cha, khng th cung ng vt liu, thit b hoc cc b phn ph tng
d tr quan trng hoc b chm tr do tc ng ca iu kin thi tit xu.
4 Bt k cc qui nh 1.1.3-2, kim tra my tu theo k hoch c th c hon nh qui
nh -1(1) hoc (2) vi iu kin vic kim tra nh vy c thc hin vo thi gian kim
tra nh k.
1.1.6 Thay i cc yu cu
1 Khi kim tra chu k v kim tra my theo k hoch, ng kim vin c th thay i cc yu
cu ca t kim tra chu k c quy nh trong Chng 3 n Chng 9 ca Phn ny
c xt n kch thc tu, vng hot ng, tui tu, lch s khai thc, kt cu, kt qu cc
t kim tra trc y v trng thi k thut thc t ca tu.
2 Nu t kt qu ca t kim tra chu k cho thy kh nng c n mn, khuyt tt v.v... ln
v ng kim vin thy cn thit th phi tin hnh kim tra tip cn, th p lc hoc o
chiu dy. Quy trnh o chiu dy v vic trnh kt qu o phi ph hp vi cc yu cu
5.2.6-1.
3 i vi cc kt v cc khoang hng, nu lp sn bo v cn tt th ni dung kim tra bn
trong, kim tra tip cn hoc cc yu cu o quy nh Chng 3 n Chng 9 ca
Phn ny c th c ng kim vin xem xt v quyt nh trong tng trng hp c th.
4 Kim tra lin tc thn tu
(1) Theo ngh ca ch tu, ng kim c th chp nhn cho cc tu (khng phi l tu
du, tu ch hng ri, tu ch x ho cht nguy him v tu hng kh tng hp c
tng dung tch bng v ln hn 500) c min kim tra chi tit cc khoang, kt ti t
kim tra nh k tip theo, nu vic kim tra ny (o chiu dy v th p lc cc
khoang, kt ) c tin hnh trnh t da vo tiu ch dnh cho t kim tra nh k
sau v hon thin trc t kim tra nh k tip theo. Dng kim tra ny c gi l
"Kim tra lin tc thn tu"). Nu qu trnh kim tra lin tc thn tu pht hin thy bt
c khuyt tt no, ng kim vin c th yu cu kim tra chi tit hn cc kt v
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khoang tng t khc. Nu thy cn thit, ng kim c th yu cu tin hnh kim
tra lin tc thn tu bng mt phng php khc vi phng php nu trn.
(2) i vi cc tu p dng kim tra lin tc thn tu, kim tra trn nh qui nh
1.1.3-1(4)(a) c th c thc hin trc kim tra nh k, vi iu kin l kim tra
trn phi gi c khng t hn 2 ln n ngy ht hn ca giy chng nhn cp
tu v ph hp vi cc qui nh ca Chng 6. Tuy nhin, kim tra trn phi c
thc hin trong vng 36 thng k t ngy hon thnh kim tra trn ln trc.
(3) i vi cc tu p dng kim tra lin tc thn tu, vic kim tra bn trong cc kt dn
ca nhng tu trn 10 tui phi c thc hin nh qui nh (a) v (b) di y:
(a) Trng vi kim tra nh k;
(b) Trng vi kim tra trung gian.
5 Nu ni dung kim tra, c ly t mt phn cc yu cu ca t kim tra trung gian phi
thc hin vo thi im gia cc t kim tra hng nm th 2 v th 3, c thc hin
trc t kim tra trung gian, ng kim c th cho php min ni dung kim tra c
thc hin nh mt phn ca kim tra trung gian trn.
1.1.7 Tu ch hng ri
1 i vi cc tu p dng quy nh 29.11, Phn 2A ca Quy chun, ngoi vic phi kim tra
theo cc qui nh ca Chng ny, cn phi kim tra ph hp vi cc qui nh 5.1.1,
Phn 9, 29.11.2, 29.11.3, Phn 2A (theo thi gian c qui nh Bng 2A/29.20, Phn
2A), 29.11.4 v 29.11.5 (theo thi gian c qui nh Bng 2A/29.21, Phn 2A) v cc
qui nh 29.11.6, Phn 2A. Khi nh gi s ph hp vi cc qui nh 29.11.2 v
29.11.4, Phn 2A, phi tin hnh o chiu dy ph hp vi yu cu ca ng kim. Trong
trng hp ny, quy trnh o v bin bn o chiu dy phi p dng b sung cc qui nh
tng ng 5.2.6-1.
2 i vi cc tu p dng quy nh 29.11, Phn 2A ca Quy chun, vic tun th lin tc vi
cc quy nh 29.11.2 v 29.11.4, Phn 2A phi c kim tra xc nhn vo cc t kim
tra nh k v trung gian (i vi tu trn 10 tui) sau t kim tra ph hp c quy nh
-1. thc hin mc ch ny, phi tin hnh o chiu dy vi mc ng kim thy
tho ng i vi vch kn nc thng ng dng sng pha sau ca khoang gn mi tu
nht b sung vo cc quy nh Bng 1B/5.15.
3 i vi cc tu yu cu o chiu dy hng nm i vi vch kn nc thng ng dng
sng pha sau ca khoang gn mi tu nht theo yu cu t kt qu kim tra -1 hoc -2,
th phi tin hnh o chiu dy vo t kim tra hng nm b sung vo cc quy nh
Bng 1B/3.6.
4 i vi cc tu c p dng yu cu 5.1.3, Phn 9 do kt qu kim tra quy nh -1,
th phi tin hnh cc t kim tra sau y trong t kim tra chu k b sung vo cc
t kim tra c yu cu trong Chng ny.
(1) Trong t kim tra hng nm, b sung vo cc quy nh c yu cu Chng 3,
i vi khoang gn mi nht phi tin hnh kim tra nhng hng mc sau y.
(a) i vi cc tu trn 5 tui n 15 tui:
(i) Kim tra ton b cc khoang hng;
(ii) Kim tra tip cn cc vch ngang v t nht 25% sn khoang (k c cc m
u v chn ca chng v tm v lin k). Nu t kt qu kim tra, ng kim
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vin thy cn thit, th vic kim tra phi c m rng n mc kim tra tip
cn tt c cc sn khoang;
(iii) Cc vng nghi ng pht hin ln kim tra trc.
(b) i vi cc tu trn 15 tui:
(i) Kim tra ton b cc khoang hng;
(ii) Kim tra tip cn cc vch ngang v tt c cc sn khoang (k c cc m
u v chn ca chng v tm v lin k);
(iii) Cc vng nghi ng pht hin ln kim tra trc.
(c) Phi tin hnh o chiu dy t nht phm vi quy nh ti (a)(ii) v (iii) hoc (b)(ii)
v (iii) ni trn, khi p dng. Nu t kt qu o chiu dy pht hin thy n mn
ng k, th phi tin hnh o chiu dy b sung, ph hp vi Bng 1B/5.16 n
1B/5.20, i vi cc thnh phn kt cu pht hin thy n mn ng k .
(2) Th chc nng bo ng mc nc cao ca ging ht kh v chung bo ng nc
xm nhp vo khoang hng nh nu 5.1.3-2, Phn 9, phi c tin hnh b
sung vo cc yu cu tng ng quy nh 3.2.3, 4.2.3 v 5.2.3 ca Phn ny, trong
cc t kim tra chu k.
1.1.8 Tu ngng hot ng
1 Tu ngng hot ng khng phi chu s kim tra duy tr cp tu nh quy nh 1.1.2.
Tuy nhin theo yu cu ca ch tu, c th tin hnh kim tra bt thng.
2 Khi tu ngng hot ng c chun b a vo hot ng tr li, th phi tin hnh
cc ni dung kim tra sau y v kim tra cc hng mc ring l b hon kim tra do tu
ngng hot ng.
(1) Khi bt k t kim tra chu k hoc kim tra my theo k hoch c d kin t trc
khi cho tu ngng hot ng m cha n hn, th phi tin hnh t kim tra chu k
hoc kim tra my theo k hoch gn nht c d kin trc khi cho tu ngng
hot ng.
(2) Khi bt k t kim tra chu k hoc kim tra my theo k hoch c d kin t trc
khi cho tu ngng hot ng m n hn, th v nguyn tc, phi tin hnh t
kim tra chu k hoc kim tra my theo k hoch ny. Tuy nhin, trong trng hp hai
t kim tra chu k hoc kim tra my theo k hoch tr ln n hn th phi tin
hnh t kim tra no c ni dung quan trng hn.
3 Nu t kim tra theo yu cu -2 trn l t kim tra nh k th phi tin hnh kim tra
nh k theo tui ca tu.
1.1.9 Th xc nhn my tu
Khi cho tu ln , ng kim c th yu cu th ti (dock trial) xc nhn cht lng
lm vic ca my chnh v my ph. Nu c sa cha ln i vi my chnh, my ph
hoc thit b li, th ng kim vin hin trng c th yu cu th ng di nu thy cn.
1.2 Tu v cc h thng, cc my, cc thit b chuyn dng
1.2.1 L t du cn v cht thi
Nu trn tu c lp t l t du cn, l t cht thi th ng kim vin phi tin hnh
kim tra cc l t ny tho mn cc yu cu ca ng kim.
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1.2.2 Kim tra cc tu chuyn dng
ng kim c th thay i thi gian kim tra, hng mc kim tra, ni dung v mc kim
tra khi nhn c Giy ngh kim tra ca ch tu v nu ng kim thy rng cc yu
cu trong Phn ny l khng ph hp vi cc nt c th ca tu v thit k, mc ch s
dng v ch khai thc.
1.3 Gii thch
1.3.1 Cc thut ng
1 Nu khng c cc nh ngha no khc trong Quy chun, th cc thut ng trong Phn ny
c gii thch nh di y:
(1) Kt dn l kt ch dng cha nc dn. i vi kt c dng va ch hng
va cha nc dn, phi p dng cc qui nh (a) v (b) sau y:
(a) Kt c dng va ch hng va cha nc dn s c coi l kt dn
khi kim tra bn trong kt thy b n mn ng k;
(b) i vi cc tu du v tu ch x ho cht nguy him, cc kt c dng ch
hng hoc cha nc dn nh mt phn ca quy trnh khai thc tu thng thng
c coi nh kt dn. Cc khoang hng m trong nc dn ch c th c
cha trong tng trng hp ngoi l (Ph lc 1/18(3) MARPOL) c coi nh
khoang hng.
(2) "Kim tra tip cn" l kim tra m ng kim vin c th kim tra c cc chi tit ca
kt cu trong tm nhn gn, c ngha l trong tm tay s c;
(3) "C cu dc trong mt ct ngang" bao gm tt c cc c cu dc nh tn bao, dm
dc, sng dc boong, sng dc mn, sng y di, sng y trn v cc vch dc ti
mt ct ngang ang xt;
(4) "Khoang/kt i din" l khoang/kt c kh nng phn nh c trng thi k thut ca
cc khoang/kt khc c kiu v iu kin lm vic tng t v c h thng ngn nga
n mn tng t. Khi chn s lng khoang/kt i din phi xt n iu kin lm
vic, qu trnh sa cha v cc vng nguy him hoc cc vng c nghi ng;
(5) "Khu vc c nghi ng" l nhng khu vc biu hin b n mn ng k v/hoc nhng
khu vc m ng kim vin thy c chiu hng n mn nhanh;
(6) "n mn ng k" l n mn c hao mn vt qu 75% gii hn cho php thng
qua nh gi biu n mn, nhng vn nm trong gii hn c th chp nhn. Bt k
gii hn nu trn, i vi (a) n (c) sau y, n mn ng k l mc n mn m
vic nh gi biu n mn cho thy chiu dy o c nm trong phm vi 0,5 mm
so vi chiu dy phi thay mi quy nh cc iu khon lin quan.
(a) i vi cc tu phi p dng cc quy nh ca Phn 2A-B v 2A-T ca Quy chun;
(b) i vi cc np y v cc thnh ming khoang hng ca cc tu phi tun th
cc quy nh khc ca ng kim;
(c) i vi cc vch kn nc trong khoang hng ph hp vi cc quy nh 29.10
hoc 29.11, Phn 2A ca Quy chun.
(7) H thng chng n mn c coi nh mt lp ph cng hon ton;
(8) Trng thi lp ph c xc nh nh sau:
- "Tt": trng thi ch c cc chm g nh;
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- "Trung bnh": trng thi c lp ph b hng cc b mp ca cc np gia cng
v cc mi hn v/hoc chm g trn din tch bng hoc ln hn 20% din tch
khu vc ang xt, nhng cha n mc c xc nh l trng thi km;
- "Km": trng thi c tng din tch lp ph b hng vt qu 20% hoc c lp g
cng vt qu 10% din tch khu vc ang xt;
(9) "Khu vc dc khoang hng" l mt phn ca tu, bao gm tt c cc khoang hng v
vng ln cn, k c cc kt du t, khoang cch li, kt dn v khoang trng;
(10) "Du" l sn phm du m, bao gm du th, du nng, du bi trn, du ha, xng
v cc loi du khc c quy nh theo cc b lut v cc quy nh lin quan.
(11) "Ngy n nh kim tra hng nm" (Anniversary Date) l ngy tng ng vi ngy ht
hn ca Giy chng nhn phn cp, nhng khng bao gm ngy ht hn ca Giy
chng nhn phn cp.
1.4 Chun b kim tra v cc vn khc
1.4.1 Thng bo kim tra
Khi cn a tu vo kim tra theo yu cu ca Quy chun ny, ch tu c trch nhim
thng bo trc cho ng kim bit ni a tu vo kim tra, thi gian tin hnh kim tra
ng kim vin c th thc hin cng vic kim tra vo thi im thch hp nht.
1.4.2 Chun b kim tra
1 Ch tu (hoc i din ca ch tu) phi chu trch nhim thc hin tt c cng vic chun
b cho t kim tra phn cp, kim tra chu k, cc kim tra khc v vic o chiu dy c
quy nh trong Phn ny cng nh nhng cng vic cn thit phc v cho cng vic kim
tra do ng kim vin yu cu. Cng vic chun b phi bao gm vic b tr li i thun tin
v an ton, phng tin v cc h s cn thit phc v cho cng vic kim tra, cc Giy
chng nhn v bin bn v vic thc hin kim tra v o chiu dy, m kim tra thit b, g
b cc cht bn/vt cn v lm sch. Thit b kim tra, o v th m ng kim vin da
vo ra cc quyt nh nh hng n cp tu phi c xc nh v hiu chun theo
tiu chun c ng kim cng nhn. Tuy nhin, ng kim vin c th chp nhn cc
dng c o n gin (v d nh thc l, thc dy, dng o kch thc mi hn,
micrometer) m khng cn xc nh hoc hiu chun vi iu kin chng c thit k ph
hp vi hng thng mi, bo dng tt v nh k c so snh vi cc mu th hoc
dng c tng t. ng kim vin cng c th chp nhn thit b c lp trn tu v s
dng chng kim tra cc trang thit b trn tu (v d nh p k, nhit k hoc ng h
o vng quay) c da vo h s hiu chun hoc so vi cc s o ca cc dng c a
nng.
2 i vi cc tu du, tu ch hng ri v tu ch x ho cht nguy him, ch tu phi trnh
cho ng kim quy trnh kim tra, bao gm cc hng mc kim tra nh l mt phn ca
cng vic chun b cho t kim tra nh k v i vi cc t kim tra trung gian cc tu
ch hng ri, tu ch du v ch x ho cht nguy him trn 10 tui. i vi cc tu
khng chy tuyn Quc t v tu c phn cp hot ng trong vng bin hn ch,
nh cc tu c du hiu "Hn ch vng hot ng" trong k hiu cp tu c th khng cn
p dng yu cu ny.
3 Ch tu phi b tr mt gim st vin (sau y gi l i din ca ch tu) nm vng cc
hng mc kim tra chun b tt cng vic phc v kim tra v gip ng kim vin
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khi c yu cu trong sut qu trnh kim tra.
4 Trc khi bt u kim tra, ng kim vin, i din ca ch tu v i din cng ty o
chiu dy (nu thy cn thit) phi hp thng qua k hoch kim tra.
1.4.3 Hon kim tra
Vic kim tra c th b hon li nu nh cng vic chun b kim tra theo quy nh 1.4.2-1
v -2 cha hon tt, hoc vng mt nhng ngi c trch nhim tham gia vo t kim tra
theo quy nh 1.4.2-3 hoc ng kim vin nhn thy khng m bo an ton tin
hnh vic kim tra.
1.4.4 Khuyn ngh
Qua kt qu kim tra, nu thy cn thit phi sa cha, ng kim vin phi thng bo kt
qu kim tra ca mnh cho ch tu (hoc i din ca ch tu). Sau khi nhn c thng
bo ny, ch tu phi tin hnh cng vic sa cha cn thit v kt qu sa cha phi
c ng kim vin kim tra xc nhn.
1.4.5 Quy trnh th, sa cha h hng v hao mn
1 Th tc
Phi tin hnh th tc tu nu vo cc t kim tra nh k, hng nm hoc bt thng,
tu c hon ci hoc sa cha c nh hng tc ca tu. Trong mi t kim tra,
ng kim vin c th yu cu th my chnh khi thy cn thit.
2 Th nghing lch
Phi tin hnh th nghing lch nu vo cc t kim tra nh k, hng nm hoc bt
thng, tu c hon ci hoc sa cha c nh hng ln n n nh ca tu. Trong
mi t kim tra, ng kim vin c th yu cu th nghing lch khi thy cn thit.
3 Sa cha h hng v hao mn
Nu chiu dy ca vt liu kt cu thn tu, kch thc ca cc trang thit v.v b gim
xung di gii hn hao mn v h hng qu gii hn cho php, v.v... th chng phi c
thay mi bng kt cu c kch thc bng kch thc nguyn bn khi ng mi hoc bng
kch thc m ng kim cho l ph hp. i vi cc kch thc ca cc phn t kt cu
c gim theo h thng kim sot n mn c duyt a ra 1.1.21, Phn 2A ca
Quy chun, th kch thc hin ti phi c kim tra vi iu kin coi nh chng b n
mn mt lng bng lng c gim i t khi ng mi. Tuy nhin, nu kch thc
nguyn bn m ln hn kch thc yu cu, hoc nu ng kim cho l ph hp th cc
yu cu ny c th c thay i c xt n v tr, mc , loi n mn v h hng.

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CHNG 2 KIM TRA PHN CP
2.1 Kim tra phn cp trong ng mi
2.1.1 Quy nh chung
1 Khi kim tra phn cp tu trong ng mi, phi tin hnh kim tra thn tu v trang thit b,
n nh, mn kh, h thng my tu, trang b in, trang b phng, pht hin v cha chy,
phng tin thot nn m bo chc chn rng tt c cc mc nu trn u tha mn
cc yu cu tng ng quy nh trong Quy chun ny.
2 Ni chung, khng c lp t mi cc vt liu c cha aming.
2.1.2 Cc bn v v h s trnh duyt
1 Nu tu d nh c ng kim kim tra phn cp trong ng mi th trc khi tin hnh
thi cng phi trnh cc bn v v h s sau cho ng kim duyt. Cc bn v v h s c
th c ng kim xem xt duyt trc khi np n ngh phn cp tu ph hp vi
cc quy nh khc ca ng kim.
(1) Thn tu
(a) B tr chung
(b) Cc mt ct ngang vng gia tu (bao gm cc mt ct ngang ti vng khoang
hng, bung my v c khu vc cc kt mn nu c; k hiu cp tu d kin,
chiu chm ch hng thit k ln nht, nu p dng cc yu cu 1.1.12-1 hoc -
2, Phn 2A ca Quy chun th phi ghi r nhit thit k trong bn v ny)
(c) Sng mi, sng ui, tr chn vt, bnh li (ghi r vt liu v tc ca tu)
(d) Kt cu c bn (ghi r b tr cc vch kn nc, ng nc ch hng, kch
thc cc m v mt ct ngang ca tu ti 0,1 L v 0,2 L v hai pha mi tu v
ui tu)
(e) Tuyn hnh (k c bn tr s tuyn hnh)
(f) Cc boong (ch r b tr v kt cu ca ming khoang hng, x ngang ming
khoang hng v.v...)
(g) y n v y i
(h) Cc vch kn nc v kn du (ghi r v tr cao nht ca kt v v tr nh ca cc
ng trn), cc ca kn nc, ca mi, ca mn, ca ui
(i) Cc vch mt thng tng (ghi r cc chi tit ca phng tin ng l khot trn
vch)
(j) Cc c cu chng va p ca sng phn mi, phn ui tu v cc vng ln cn
(k) Ct chng v sng boong
(l) Khai trin tn v tu (ghi r kch thc cc tm tn v b tr cc l thot nc,
chiu chm trng thi dn i vi cc tu p dng cc quy nh 1.1.12-1, Phn
2A)
(m) Hm trc
(n) B ca ni hi, ng c, chn v cc ca trc trung gian, i na m
v cc my ph quan trng khc (ghi r cng sut, chiu cao, trng lng ca my
chnh v b tr cc bu lng c nh)
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(o) Thnh quy ming bung my
(p) Lu boong, nu c
(q) Ct, gi ct, b ti
(r) B tr bm (ch r dung tch ca tng kt nc hoc du)
(s) i vi cc tu c trang b ch g: bn v ghi r chiu cao g ch trn
boong, thit b xp/chng buc hng v v tr ca chng
(t) Kt cu phng chng chy v cc bn v ch r h thng thng gi (ghi r loi vt
liu c s dng trong kt cu thng tng, vch, boong, lu boong, hm i li,
cu thang, lp ph mt boong, v.v..., v thit b ng kn cc l khot v phng
tin thot nn)
(u) S ng thot nn bao gm cc chi tit ca chng
(v) S b tr cc trang thit b cha chy (v tr, s lng v kiu ca cc h thng
cha chy, cc bnh dp chy, bm cha chy, hng cha chy, vi rng, trang b
cho ngi cha chy v.v... v b tr ca h thng pht hin v bo chy). i vi
cc tu c trang b cc h thng kh tr, v tr ca cc h thng ny (b tr
chung, cc s ng ng c nu r vt liu, kch thc, p sut thit k ca
cc ng, van v.v... cc chi tit ca tng b phn v s cc thit b iu khin, k
c cc thit b bo ng, an ton v gim st ca cc h thng )
(w) S b tr phng tin tip cn hoc bn hng dn tip cn kt cu tu, nu
p dng, nh quy nh Chng 24, Phn 2B v Chng 33, Phn 2A ca Quy
chun
(x) Tm nhn lu li
S v s liu c quy nh 1.1.4, Phn 12 ca Quy chun, nu nh chiu
di ton b ca tu (Lmax) bng hoc ln hn 55 m
(y) Cc h thng thng hi ca tu ch du
(i) B tr chung ca h thng ht kh v h thng thng gi ca bung bm du hng
(ii) B tr chung ca cc h thng thng hi i vi hi du hng v.v...
(z) Bn v ch r v tr s nhn dng ca tu nh quy nh 1.1.24, Phn 2A hoc
1.3.10, Phn 2B
(zi) Bn v b tr thit b ko v chng buc theo quy nh 21.3, Phn 2B v 25.2.2,
Phn 2A
(zii) S ch r v tr, kch thc v cc chi tit ca thit b to thnh tnh nguyn vn
kn thi tit v kn nc ca tu, k c ng ng.
(2) H thng my tu
(a) B tr chung bung my, s h thng thng tin lin lc trong tu (k c s h
thng bo ng cho s quan my)
(b) My chnh v my ph (k c cc trang b i km theo my):
Bn v v cc s liu c lin quan n loi ng c quy nh 2.1.2, 3.1.2 v
4.1.2, Phn 3
(c) Thit b truyn cng sut, h trc v chn vt:
Bn v v s liu quy nh 5.1.2, 6.1.2, 7.1.2 v 8.1.2, Phn 3 ca Quy chun
(d) Ni hi, thit b t cht thi v bnh chu p lc:
Bn v v s liu quy nh 9.1.3, 9.13.2 v 10.1.4, Phn 3 ca Quy chun
(e) My ph v ng ng:
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Bn v v s liu quy nh 13.1.2, 14.1.2 v 17.1.2, Phn 3 ca Quy chun
(f) Thit b li:
Bn v v s liu quy nh 15.1.3, Phn 3 ca Quy chun
(g) iu khin t ng v t xa:
Bn v v s liu quy nh 18.1.3, Phn 3 ca Quy chun
(h) Ph tng d tr:
Bn k ph tng d tr c quy nh Chng 19, Phn 3 ca Quy chun
(i) Trang b in:
Bn v v s liu c quy nh 1.1.6, Phn 4 ca Quy chun.
(3) Cc tu ch x kh ha lng:
(a) S liu k thut ch to cc khoang hng, lp cch nhit v vch chn th cp
(bao gm quy trnh hn, quy trnh kim tra, th nghim mi hn v cc khoang
hng, tnh cht ca vt liu cch nhit, vch chn th cp, ti liu hng dn gia
cng v tiu chun lm vic ca chng)
(b) Cc chi tit ca kt cu khoang hng
(c) B tr ph kin ca cc khoang hng (k c cc chi tit lp t trong cc khoang)
(d) Cc chi tit ca gi khoang hng, cc l khot trn boong khoang hng nh
ln mt boong v cc thit b lm kn l khot
(e) Chi tit ca vch ngn ngoi
(f) S liu k thut v tiu chun ca vt liu (k c cch nhit) c s dng cho h
thng bm hng c lin quan n p sut thit k v/hoc nhit
(g) S liu k thut v tiu chun vt liu dng cho khoang hng, cch nhit, vch
chn th cp, v gi khoang hng
(h) S b tr v cc chi tit c nh lp cch nhit
(i) Kt cu bm hng, my nn hng v ng c dn ng chng
(j) S ng ng dn hng v cc dng c o
(k) Kt cu cc phn chnh ca h thng lm lnh
(l) S ng ng dn cng cht lm lnh ca h thng lm lnh
(m) B tr ht kh v h thng thng gi cc khoang hoc cc khoang m trong,
bung bm hng, bung my nn hng v bung kim sot hng
(n) B tr b cm bin cc thit b pht hin kh, ng h ch bo nhit , ng h
o p sut
(o) S ng ng kh tr, chi tit ca thit b iu chnh p sut, nu nh khoang
hng hoc khoang m trong c np y kh tr
(p) Cc chi tit ca thit b an ton p sut v h thng x hng lng b r r khoang
hng hoc trong khoang m trong
(q) Lp rp tng khi, cc chi tit ca ming phun, b tr cc thit b v cc chi tit ca
ph tng bnh p lc
(r) Chi tit ca cc van c cng dng c bit, ng rng dn hng lng, cc on ng
dn n, bu lc, v.v... ca h thng ng ng dn hng
(s) S ng ng, kt cu v cc s liu ca cc cm my s dng hng lm
nhin liu
(t) S ng dy dn in v bng trang thit b in cc khoang nguy him
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(u) S b tr dy ni t cho khoang hng, ng ng, my v cc trang thit b
v.v...
(v) Bn v cc khng gian nguy him
(w) S ch r trang b bo v con ngi (trang b, s lng v kiu ca thit b bo
v, trang b an ton, trang b s cu y t v cng cu thng; nu thy cn thit
phi ch r b tr, s lng v loi ca thit b bo v h hp dng cho thot nn
s c, dng c x nc kh c, ra mt v ch tr, v kiu phng tin cho
bung kim sot hng)
(x) i vi cc kt c lp kiu B - Quy trnh th khng ph hu cho kim tra chu k
(y) i vi cc kt mng, bn mng v cc kt cch ly bn trong - Quy trnh kim tra
v th h thng ngn hng cho kim tra chu k
(z) Bn v v h s khc vi bn v v h s nu t (a) n (v) trn yu cu trnh
duyt trong Phn 8D ca Quy chun.
(4) Cc tu ch x ha cht nguy him:
(a) S liu k thut ch to khoang hng c lp (k c vt liu c s dng, quy
trnh hn, quy trnh kim tra v th mi hn v cc khoang hng)
(b) Cc chi tit kt cu khoang hng
(c) B tr cc ph tng ca khoang hng (k c cc chi tit lp t bn trong
khoang/kt)
(d) Cc chi tit ca gi khoang/kt ri ch hng, l khot trn boong khoang
hng nh ln mt boong v thit b lm kn l khot, nu c
(e) Quy trnh sn ph hoc bc lt b mt trong ca khoang hng v kt qu th n
mn ca lp sn ph hoc bc lt ny, nu c yu cu
(f) Bn v b tr v phng php c nh lp cch nhit cng vi quy trnh thi cng c
lin quan
(g) Nu hng ha c yu cu lm mt th phi trnh duyt cc bn v v s liu ph
hp vi (3)(a), (f), (g), (h) v (p) ph thuc vo s cha hng v kiu kt cu
ca khoang hng
(h) Bn v kt cu bm hng (k c danh mc vt liu c s dng v s liu k
thut ca vt liu)
(i) B tr ng khu vc khoang hng
(j) B tr thng gi khoang hng
(k) S thng gi ca bung bm hng, bung cch ly, kt y i v cc khng
gian khc
(l) S h thng kim sot v o mc hng lng, nhit v cc ch s khc ca
hng, kt cu chi tit thit b ca chng
(m) H thng kim tra nhit hng lng
(n) Cc chi tit ca h thng kim sot mi trng, nh h thng to kh tr, to lp
m, sy kh hoc thng gi bao gm s ng ng v kt cu thit b ca
chng
(o) Cc dng c pht hin hi hng lng
(p) S b tr dy dn in v bng trang thit b in dng trong khng gian nguy
him
(q) B tr ni t cho khoang hng, ng ng, my mc v trang thit b (ch khi ch
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hng lng d chy)
(r) S cc khng gian nguy him
(s) S ch r trang b bo v con ngi (vic b tr, s lng v kiu ca thit b
bo v, trang b an ton, trang b s cu y t v cng cu thng v trang b kh
c v ra mt).
(t) Cc h s v bn v c a ra trong cc chng tng ng ca Phn 8E ca
Quy chun tr cc bn v v h s quy nh t (a) n (s) ni trn.
(5) Cc bn v v h s v kim tra di nc theo quy nh 6.1.2.
(6) Cc bn v v h s khng quy nh t (1) n (5), nu ng kim thy cn thit.
2 Trong cc bn v v h s quy nh -1 ni trn, phi ch r cht lng vt liu c s
dng, kch thc, b tr v c nh cc c cu, khe h gia y ni hi vi tn sn v cc
s liu k thut cn thit kim tra cc kt cu d kin.
3 Ngoi cc bn v v h s quy nh -1 trn, phi trnh cho ng kim duyt bn thng
bo n nh theo quy nh 2.3.1.
4 Ngoi cc bn v v h s quy nh -1 trn, i vi cc tu phi c s tay hng dn
xp ti ph hp vi nhng yu cu 32.1.1, Phn 2A, v 23.1.1, Phn 2B ca Quy chun
th s tay hng dn xp ti k c iu kin xp hng v cc thng bo cn thit khc phi
trnh cho ng kim duyt.
5 Ngoi cc bn v v h s quy nh -1 trn, i vi cc tu phi c my tnh lm
hng ph hp vi nhng yu cu 32.1.1, Phn 2A, th tuyn hnh (k c bng tr s
tuyn hnh), ng cong thy lc, bn v dung tch khoang kt (bn v hon cng) v kt
qu th nghing lch phi c trnh ng kim xt duyt. Tuy nhin, h s ny c th
c ng kim min gim tng phn hoc ton b, c quyt nh trong tng trng
hp c th.
6 Mc d c quy nh -1 v -2 trn, c th min trnh duyt mt phn cc h s v bn
v quy nh -1 v -2 ph hp vi cc yu cu khc ca ng kim, trong trng hp tu
hoc my tu d nh ch to ti cng nh my da trn c s cc bn v v h s
c ng kim duyt.
7 i vi cc tu ch x kh ho lng, phi trnh ng kim duyt ti liu hng dn lm
hng nh quy nh Chng 18, Phn 8D ca Quy chun. i vi cc tu ch x ha
cht nguy him, phi trnh ng kim duyt ti liu hng dn lm hng nh quy nh
Chng 16, Phn 8E ca Quy chun.
8 Ngoi cc bn v v h s quy nh -1 trn, i vi tu phi c s kim sot tai nn
ph hp vi yu cu Chng 31, Phn 2A ca Quy chun, phi trnh s kim sot tai
nn ng kim duyt.
9 i vi tu phi lp trang b ko s c theo yu cu 25.2.3, Phn 2A, ngoi cc bn v
v h s c quy nh -1 trn, phi trnh ng kim duyt cc bn v b tr trang b ko
s c v phn gia cng ca thn tu ti khu vc lp t trang b ko s c.
10 Nu tu phi trang b s tay hng dn thao tc v bo dng cc ca mi tu v ca
bn trong tu theo yu cu 21.3.10-1, 21.4.9-1 Phn 2A hoc 19.3.10-1, 19.4.9-1 Phn 2B
ca Quy chun, th s tay hng dn ny phi c trnh ng kim duyt.
11 i vi cc loi kt dn nc bin chuyn dng ca tu c tng dung tch (GT) ln hn
hoc bng 500 thc hin cc chuyn i quc t v cc khng gian gia mn kp ca cc
tu ch hng ri c chiu di bng v ln hn 150 m, thc hin cc chuyn i quc t nh
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nh ngha 29.10.1-2(1), Phn 2A, phi trnh h s k thut v sn ph ng kim
duyt.
2.1.3 Trnh h s v cc bn v khc
1 Ngoi nhng yu cu v h s v bn v quy nh 2.1.2, phi trnh thm cho ng kim
h s v cc bn v sau y:
(1) Cc c tnh k thut ca thn tu v my tu
(2) Bn tnh m un chng un nh nht ca mt ct ngang phn gia tu
(3) K hoch ngn nga n mn (c th b qua cc hng mc nu trong h s k thut
v sn ph nu 2.1.2-11)
(4) Cc bn v ch r c im ca loi hng nh ch v vic phn b chng, nu c yu
cu v iu kin xp hng c bit
(5) Cc bn v v h s sau y, nu p dng cc yu cu ca Phn 10 ca Quy chun:
(a) Tuyn hnh (bao gm c bng tr s)
(b) B tr chung
(c) Mt ct ngang gia tu
(d) Mt ct dc tm ca tu (ghi r cch b tr, kch thc ca kt cu thn tu v
hng ha ch trn boong tnh din tch mt hng gi v/hoc tnh ni ca tu)
(e) Kt cu c bn
(f) B tr cc l khot (ghi r v tr, kch thc v thit b ng cc l khot)
(g) Bn tnh n nh (ghi r cc yu t tnh ton ca din tch mt hng gi, din tch
mt thong v chiu cao trng tm cho php ti a)
(h) Bn v b tr, kch thc v din tch hnh chiu cnh ca vy gim lc, nu c.
(6) Cc bn v v h s sau y, nu p dng nhng yu cu ca Phn 11 ca Quy
chun:
(a) Tuyn hnh (bao gm c bng tr s)
(b) B tr chung
(c) Mt ct vng gia tu
(d) Kt cu c bn hoc b tr kt cu
(e) Bn v boong (boong mn kh v boong thng tng). Nu bn v b tr kt cu
(kch thc v b tr chi tit kt cu ming khoang hng) c trnh cho ng
kim xt duyt th c th min trnh bn v boong
(f) Kt cu vch mt thng tng
(g) ng cong thy lc (ghi r lng chim nc v thay i lng chim nc trn
1 cm chiu chm tnh n boong mn kh)
(h) Bn v ch r chiu cao g ch trn boong v thit b chng buc v c nh, nu
tu c k ng nc ch g theo quy nh Chng 5, Phn 11.
(7) i vi cc tu ch x kh ha lng, phi trnh ng kim cc bn v v h s sau:
(a) Thit k c bn v h s k thut ca cc h thng cha hng
(b) S liu, phng php th v kt qu th khi thc hin theo phng php th m
hnh phi ph hp vi nhng quy nh Chng 4, Phn 8D ca Quy chun
(c) S liu v dai va p, n mn, tnh cht vt l, c hc ca vt liu v cc chi
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tit hn nhit thit k thp nht v nhit trong phng, nu dng vt liu
mi hoc phng php hn mi ch to khoang hng, vch chn th cp, lp
cch nhit v cc kt cu khc
(d) S liu v ti trng thit k quy nh 4.3, Phn 8D ca Quy chun
(e) Bn tnh cc khoang hng v gi khoang hng c quy nh 4.4 n 4.6,
Phn 8D ca Quy chun
(f) S liu phn tch th nghim v kt qu th nghim nu tin hnh th m hnh
chng minh bn v s lm vic ca cc khoang hng, lp cch nhit, vch
chn th cp, gi khoang hng
(g) Bn tnh v truyn nhit trn cc phn chnh ca khoang hng cc trng thi ch
hng khc nhau, nu ng kim xt thy cn thit
(h) Bn tnh ng sut nhit trn cc phn chnh ca khoang hng trng thi phn b
nhit quy nh (g), nu ng kim xt thy cn thit
(i) Bn tnh v phn b nhit trn kt cu thn tu, nu ng kim xt thy cn
thit
(j) Cc s liu v h thng chuyn hng
(k) Thnh phn v tnh cht vt l ca hng (k c gin p lc hi bo ha bn
trong di nhit cn thit)
(l) Bn tnh sn lng x ca van gim p ca khoang hng (k c vic tnh p sut
hi trong h thng thng gi khoang hng)
(m) Bn tnh sn lng ca h thng lm lnh
(n) B tr ng ng dn hng
(o) Bn tnh gii hn ly hng vo cc kt
(p) B tr l ngi chui theo quy nh 3.5, Phn 8D ca Quy chun khu vc
khoang hng v hng dn cch chui qua cc l ny
(q) Tnh ton kh nng chng chm sau tai nn ca tu theo quy nh Chng 2,
Phn 8D ca Quy chun
(r) Trang thit b bo v con ngi theo quy nh Chng 14, Phn 8D ca Quy
chun
(8) i vi cc tu ch x ha cht nguy him phi trnh ng kim cc bn v v h s
sau y:
(a) Bn lit k cc tnh cht ha l v cc c tnh c bit khc ca hng d nh
chuyn ch
(b) S cha ha cht nguy him quy nh Phn 8E ca Quy chun v cc ha
cht khc c ch ng thi vi cc ha cht nguy him ny
(c) Hng dn v mi nguy him khi xy ra phn ng vi cc ha cht khc, vi
nc hoc t phn ng vi nhau, k c cc phn ng trng hp v nu cn thit
th c phn ng vi cc mi cht gia nhit hoc lm lnh. Cc ha cht khng d
nh ch ng thi vi cc ha cht nguy him thuc phm vi p dng ca Phn
8E ca Quy chun c th khng cn a vo hng dn ny
(d) S liu v s nguy him khi xy ra phn ng gia hng d nh ch vi sn hoc
lp ph trong khoang hng, ng ng dn v cc thit b c th tip xc vi hng
lng hoc vi hi ca cht lng ny
(e) S liu chng minh kh nng chu c n mn ca vt liu i vi hng ha c
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c tnh n mn
(f) Tnh ton sn lng ca tng kt ch hng, khi cn thit c th tnh ton c ng
sut nhit
(g) Tnh ton dung tch ca h thng hm nng khi c yu cu
(h) Bn v v h s ph hp vi (4)(a), (f), (g), (h) v (j) ph thuc vo s cha
hng, kiu kt cu kt ch hng khi hng chuyn ch i hi phi c lm mt
(i) B tr l ngi chui theo quy nh 3.4, Phn 8E ca Quy chun khu vc
khoang hng v bn hng dn cch chui qua cc l ny
(j) Tnh ton kh nng chng chm ca tu sau tai nn theo quy nh Chng 2,
Phn 8E ca Quy chun
(k) Trang thit b bo v con ngi theo quy nh Chng 14, Phn 8E.
(9) Bn tnh sn lng cc van p sut/chn khng v cc thit b bo v trnh qu p cho
cc khoang/kt du hng, nu c
(10) S hng dn v ch dn hot ng ca h thng kh tr (k c cc loi ti liu khuyn
co v s an ton ca ngi vn hnh)
(11) Bn tnh ton bn, ghi r ti trng thit k, lin quan n cc kt cu thn tu
khc ca cc thit b ko v chng buc, k c thit b ko v chng buc c chn
khng theo tiu chun c ng kim duyt, i vi cc tu tun theo cc quy nh
25.2.2, Phn 2A hoc 21.3, Phn 2B ca Quy chun.
(12) S tay hng dn vn hnh cc thit b ko s c, i vi tu lp t cc thit b ko
s c ph hp vi cc quy nh 25.2.3, Phn 2A.
(13) Nu s dng cc vt liu c cha aming, cc ti liu bao gm v tr v cc thng tin
chi tit khc.
2 Ngoi cc h s v bn v quy nh -1 ni trn, ng kim c th yu cu trnh thm cc
h s v bn v khc nu thy cn thit.
2.1.4 S c mt ca ng kim vin
1 ng kim vin phi c mt kim tra ti cc giai on cng ngh sau y lin quan n
thn tu v trang thit b:
(1) Khi tin hnh kim tra vt liu v trang thit b theo quy nh Phn 7A v Phn 7B
ca Quy chun
(2) Khi vt liu hoc cc chi tit c ch to nh my khc ang c a xung s
dng trn tu kim tra
(3) Khi kim tra phng dng (phng dng t l hoc phng dng trn sn phng dng)
(4) Khi tin hnh th mi hn theo quy nh Phn 6 ca Quy chun
(5) Khi c ng kim ch nh kim tra trong xng hoc kim tra lp rp tng phn
on
(6) Khi lp rp tng phn on/tng on
(7) Khi tin hnh th thy lc hoc th kn nc v th theo phng php khng ph hy
(8) Khi hon thin phn thn tu
(9) Khi tin hnh th kh nng hot ng ca thit b ng l khot, thit b iu khin t
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xa, thit b li, thit b neo, thit b chng buc, thit b ko s c v ng ng v.v.
(10) Khi lp rp bnh li, kim tra bng phng ca di tn gia y, o cc kch thc
chnh, o bin dng ca thn tu v.v
(11) Khi lp t my tnh kim sot ti trng trn tu theo quy nh 32.1.1, Phn 2A ca
Quy chun
(12) Khi k ng nc ch hng ln v tu theo quy nh Phn 11 ca Quy chun
(13) Khi tin hnh th nghing lch
(14) Khi tin hnh th tu ng di
(15) Khi lp t thit b ko s c, i vi tu phi b tr trang thit b ko s c theo yu
cu 25.2.3, Phn 2A ca Quy chun
(16) Khi lp t h thng cha chy v khi tin hnh th kh nng hot ng ca h thng
(17) Khi k s nhn dng ca tu
(18) Khi ng kim thy cn thit.
2 ng kim vin phi c mt trong cc giai on cng ngh sau y lin quan n h thng
my tu:
(1) Khi tin hnh th vt liu ch to cc chi tit chnh ca h thng my tu theo quy nh
Phn 7A ca Quy chun.
(2) i vi cc chi tit chnh ca h thng my tu:
(a) Khi tin hnh th theo quy nh hoc Phn 3 hoc Phn 4 ca Quy chun cho
loi thit b tng ng.
(b) Khi s dng vt liu ch to cc chi tit thuc h thng my tu v cc chi tit
c lp t ln tu.
(c) Khi kt thc giai on gia cng cc chi tit chnh, nu cn thit c th kim tra vo
thi gian thch hp lc ang gia cng.
(d) Nu l kt cu hn, trc khi bt u hn v khi kt thc cng vic hn.
(e) Khi tin hnh th my phn xng.
(3) Khi lp t cc thit b ng lc quan trng ln tu (my chnh, my ph, ni hi, h
trc, chn vt v.v...).
(4) Khi tin hnh th hot ng cc thit b iu khin t xa ca cc thit b ng ca kn
nc, thit b iu khin t xa i vi h thng my tu v h truyn ng, thit b iu
khin t ng, thit b li, thit b chng buc, ng ng v.v
(5) Khi tin hnh th tu ng di.
(6) Khi ng kim thy cn thit.
3 i vi cc tu ch x kh ho lng v ch x ho cht nguy him, ngoi quy nh -1 v -
2, ng kim vin phi c mt khi tin hnh th theo quy nh Phn 8D v Phn 8E ca
Quy chun.
4 ng kim c th thay i nhng yu cu quy nh -1, -2 v -3 ni trn, c lu n iu
kin thc t, kh nng k thut v qun l cht lng ca Nh my, tr trng hp th
ng di.
5 i vi cc cuc th quy nh -1, -2 v -3, nh sn xut phi chun b k hoch th
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ng kim xem xt trc khi th. Cc bin bn th v/hoc bin bn o phi trnh cho
ng kim xem xt, khi c yu cu.
2.1.5 Th thy lc, th kn nc v cc cuc th lin quan khc
1 Khi kim tra phn cp tu trong ng mi, th thy lc, th kn nc v cc cuc th lin
quan khc phi c thc hin theo nhng quy nh di y.
(1) Thn tu v trang thit b:
(a) Sau khi hon tt mi cng vic c lin quan n tnh kn nc v trc khi sn
phi tin hnh th thy lc hoc th kn nc theo quy nh Bng 1B/2.1
(b) Trong tng trng hp c th, ng kim c th xem xt v quyt nh vic min
gim mt phn hoc ton b vic th bng vi rng
(c) Nu c ng kim chp thun, c th thay th th kn nc cc kt bng th
kn kh vi iu kin nhng kt nht nh c ng kim chn phi c th
thy lc trng thi ni nh quy nh Bng 1B/2.1.
(2) H thng my tu:
Ty thuc vo loi my, vic th thy lc, th r r hoc th kn kh phi c tin
hnh theo quy nh tng Chng ca Phn 3 ca Quy chun.
(3) Tu ch x kh ho lng v tu ch x ho cht nguy him
(a) i vi tu ch x kh ho lng, ngoi vic th nh quy nh (1) v (2), phi thc
hin th thy lc, th r r hoc th kn kh nh quy nh Phn 8D ca Quy
chun
(b) i vi tu ch x ho cht nguy him, ngoi vic th nh quy nh (1) v (2),
phi thc hin vic th thy lc, th r r hoc th kn kh ph hp vi cc quy
nh ca ng kim.
2.1.6 Cc h s phi duy tr trn tu
1 Khi kt thc kim tra phn cp, ng kim vin phi xc nhn rng phin bn cui cng
ca cc bn v, h s, s tay, danh mc sau y v.v... nu p dng, c trn tu.
(1) Cc h s c ng kim duyt hoc cc bn ph t ca chng:
(a) S tay bo dng v vn hnh cc ca v ca bn trong (theo 21.3.10, 21.4.9,
Phn 2A v 19.3.10, 19.4.9, Phn 2B ca Quy chun)
(b) S kim sot tai nn (theo 31.3.1, Phn 2A ca Quy chun)
(c) Hng dn xp ti (theo Chng 32, Phn 2A v Chng 23, Phn 2B)
(d) Hng dn tip cn kt cu thn tu (theo 33.2.6, Phn 2A v 24.2.6, Phn 2B)
(e) Thng bo n nh (theo 3.1.5, Phn 11, 2.2.2, Phn 8D v 2.2.2, Phn 8E ca
Quy chun) v Bn thng bo v t th v n nh tai nn (theo 1.4.6, Phn 9 ca
Quy chun)
(f) Hng dn vn hnh i vi cc tu ch x kh ho lng (theo 18.1, Phn 8D ca
Quy chun)
(g) Hng dn vn hnh i vi cc tu ch x ho cht nguy him (theo 16.1.1,
Phn 8E ca Quy chun)
(h) S lm hng (theo 17.20.13-2 v 17.22.12-10, Phn 8D v 15.3.2-15, 15.8.32,
Phn 8E ca Quy chun)
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(i) Danh mc cc hn ch v xp/d hng (theo 15.2.2, 17.20.14, Phn 8D v 15.3.2-
12, 15.8.33-3 v 15.14.7-3, Phn 8E ca Quy chun)
(j) Cc quy trnh th khng ph hu i vi cc khoang/kt i din kiu B (Bng
1B/5.27)
(k) Cc quy trnh kim tra v th i vi cc kt mng v kt bn mng v cc khoang
c bc cch nhit bn trong (ch thch 1 Bng 1B/5.27);
(l) H s k thut v sn ph (theo 23.2.2, Phn 2A, 20.4.2, Phn 2B, 3.5.1-2, Phn
2A-B v 6.2.1-1(2), Phn 2A-T ca Quy chun)
(m) S v h s v kim tra di nc (theo 6.1.2-2).
(2) Cc ti liu khc:
(a) S b tr thit b ko v chng buc (theo 25.2.2-4, Phn 2A v 21.3.4, Phn 2B
ca Quy chun)
(b) Hng dn vn hnh i vi trang thit b ko s c (theo 25.2.3, Phn 2A ca
Quy chun)
(c) S tay kim sot tai nn (theo 31.3.2, Phn 2A ca Quy chun), Thng bo v kh
nng ngp cc khoang (theo 1.4.9, Phn 9 ca Quy chun);
(d) Hng dn i vi my tnh xp ti (theo 32.1.3-3, Phn 2A v Chng 23, Phn
2B ca Quy chun)
(e) S cc phng tin tip cn (theo 33.1.5 Phn 2A v 24.1.5, Phn 2B ca Quy
chun)
(f) Hng dn i vi my tnh kim sot n nh (theo 3.2.6, Phn 10 ca Quy
chun)
(g) Hng dn bo dng v vn hnh i vi h thng my tu, trang thit b (theo
1.3.9, Phn 3 ca Quy chun)
(h) Hng dn i vi h thng pht hin v bo ng mc nc (theo 13.8.5-4 v
13.8.6-3, Phn 3 ca Quy chun)
(i) Bin bn bo dng c quy (theo 1.1.8, Phn 4 ca Quy chun)
(j) S tay hng dn i vi h thng thng hi khoang hng (theo 4.5.3 Phn 5 ca
Quy chun)
(k) S kim sot chy, s tay vn hnh an ton chy n, s tay hun luyn v k
hoch bo dng (theo cc Chng 14, 15 v 16, Phn 5 ca Quy chun)
(l) Hng dn vn hnh cc thit b phc v my bay ln thng (theo 18.8, Phn 5
ca Quy chun)
(m) S tay hng dn i vi h thng kh tr (theo 35.2.11, Phn 5 ca Quy chun)
(n) Mt bn ph t b lut IGC (IGC Code) hoc cc quy nh quc gia tng ng vi
cc quy nh ca b lut IGC (theo 18.2.2-3, Phn 8D ca Quy chun)
(o) Mt bn ph t b lut IBC (IBC Code) hoc cc quy nh quc gia tng ng vi
cc quy nh ca b lut IBC (theo 16.2.3-1 Phn 8E ca Quy chun).
(3) Cc bn v hon cng quy nh 2.1.7.
2 i vi cc tu thc hin chuyn i quc t, ng kim vin phi xc nhn rng h s kt
cu tu hin c trn tu v cha ng nhng d liu cn thit t cc bn v, s , s
tay v ti liu sau y. Khng yu cu trang b gp i nh -1.
(1) Cc bn v hon cng ca kt cu thn tu quy nh 2.1.7;
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(2) Cc h s v ti liu sau y:
(a) S tay bo dng v vn hnh cc ca v ca bn trong (theo 21.3.10, 21.4.9,
Phn 2A v 19.3.10, 19.4.9, Phn 2B ca Quy chun)
(b) S kim sot tai nn (theo 31.3.1, Phn 2A ca Quy chun)
(c) Hng dn xp ti (theo Chng 32, Phn 2A v Chng 23, Phn 2B)
(d) Thng bo n nh (theo 3.1.5, Phn 11, 2.2.2, Phn 8D v 2.2.2, Phn 8E ca
Quy chun).
(3) Hng dn tip cn kt cu thn tu (theo 33.2.6, Phn 2A v 24.2.6, Phn 2B)
(4) Bn ph t chng nhn cc vt c v vt rn c hn vo kt cu thn tu;
(5) S ch r v tr, kch thc v cc chi tit ca thit b to thnh tnh nguyn vn kn
thi tit v kn nc ca tu, k c ng ng (theo 2.1.2-1(1)(zii));
(6) K hoch ngn nga n mn (theo 2.1.3-1(3));
(7) S v h s v kim tra di nc (theo 6.1.2-2);
(8) S ln , bao gm cc v tr v nhng thng tin cn thit khc ca tt c cc chi
tit xuyn qua tn v nh nu hng mc 3 trong Bng 1B/6.1;
(9) H s k thut v sn ph (theo 3.5.1-2, Phn 2A-B v 6.2.1-1(2), Phn 2A-T ca Quy
chun);
(10) Cc k hoch th, cc bin bn th, cc bin bn o v.v
3 Khi xem xt mc ch s dng, c im ca tu v.v ng kim c th yu cu trnh b
sung cc h s khc, nu thy cn thit.
4 i vi cc tu c tng dung tch (GT) bng v ln hn 500 chy tuyn quc t, tt c cc
h s lit k -1 ni trn u phi ghi s nhn dng IMO ca tu.
2.1.7 Cc bn v hon cng
1 Khi kt thc kim tra phn cp, ngi ngh phn cp tu phi chun b cc bn v hon
cng sau y trnh ng kim:
(1) B tr chung
(2) Mt ct ngang gia tu, cc bn v ghi kch thc (kt cu c bn), cc bn v
boong, khai trin tn v, cc vch ngang, bn v bnh li, trc li v cc bn v cc
np y khoang hng
(3) S ng ng hng, dn v ht kh tu
(4) S phng chng chy
(5) B tr thit b cha chy
(6) Cc bn v v thng tin v tm nhn lu li.
2.1.8 Kim tra vic sn ph
1 Phi tin hnh cc bc kim tra sau y, trc khi xem xt thng s k thut v sn ph,
i vi cc lp sn ph cho cc khoang bn trong theo cc yu cu 23.2.2, Phn 2A,
20.4.2, Phn 2B, 3.5.1-2, Phn 2A-B v 6.2.1-1(2), Phn 2A-T ca Quy chun
(1) Kim tra xc nhn rng bn thng s k thut v Chng nhn ph hp hoc Giy
chng nhn duyt kiu ph hp vi Tiu chun chc nng ca lp ph b mt bo v
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dng cho kt cha nc bin chuyn dng dn ca tt c cc kiu tu v khng
gian mn kp ca tu ch hng ri (Tiu chun chc nng v lp sn ph bo v ca
IMO/Ngh quyt IMO MEPC.215(82)). Tuy nhin, Chng nhn ph hp hoc Giy
chng nhn duyt kiu phi l Giy chng nhn c ng kim chp nhn;
(2) Kim tra xc nhn rng nhn dng sn ph trn cc thng cha i din ng nh
sn chng thc trong bn thng s k thut v Chng nhn ph hp hoc Giy
chng nhn duyt kiu nu (1) trn;
(3) Kim tra xc nhn rng nhn vin kim sot c nng lc ph hp vi cc tiu
chun chuyn mn, m ng kim thy ph hp;
(4) Kim tra xc nhn rng cc bin bn ca nhn vin kim sot v vic chun b b mt
v thc hin sn ph ph hp vi bn thng s k thut v Chng nhn ph hp hoc
Giy chng nhn duyt kiu nu (1) trn ca nh sn xut, v
(5) Thc hin vic kim sot cc yu cu v kim tra lp sn m ng kim thy ph
hp.
2.2 Kim tra phn cp tu khng c gim st ca ng kim trong ng mi
2.2.1 Quy nh chung
1 Khi kim tra phn cp cc tu c ng khng c gim st ca ng kim, phi tin hnh
o kch thc c cu thc t ca cc phn chnh ca tu b sung vo ni dung kim tra
phn cp thn tu, trang thit b, h thng my tu, trang b phng chy, pht hin chy v
cha chy, phng tin thot nn, trang b in, n nh v mn kh nh yu cu i vi
t kim tra nh k theo tui ca tu xc nhn rng chng tha mn nhng yu cu
tng ng quy nh trong Quy chun ny.
2 i vi cc tu c kim tra phn cp khng c gim st ca ng kim trong ng mi
th h s v bn v cn thit c ng kim ng k phi c trnh theo cc yu cu
tng ng nu 2.1.2 v 2.1.3.
3 i vi tu c trang b ti liu hng dn xp ti theo yu cu 32.1.1 v 32.3.1, Phn
2A v 23.1.1, Phn 2B ca Quy chun, ti liu hng dn xp ti bao gm cc iu kin
xp hng v cc thng bo cn thit khc phi c trnh cho ng kim duyt.
4 i vi cc tu ch x kh ho lng, ti liu hng dn lm hng quy nh Chng 18,
Phn 8D ca Quy chun phi c trnh cho ng kim duyt. i vi cc tu ch x ho
cht nguy him, ti liu hng dn lm hng quy nh Chng 16, Phn 8E ca Quy
chun phi c trnh cho ng kim duyt.
5 i vi cc tu c trang b s kim sot tai nn ph hp vi yu cu ca Chng 31,
Phn 2A ca Quy chun, s kim sot tai nn phi c trnh cho ng kim duyt.
6 i vi tu phi lp trang b ko s c theo yu cu 25.2.3, Phn 2A, ngoi cc bn v
v h s c quy nh -1 trn, phi trnh ng kim duyt cc bn v b tr trang b ko
s c v phn gia cng ca thn tu ti khu vc lp t trang b ko s c.
7 Nu tu phi trang b s tay hng dn thao tc v bo dng cc ca mi tu v ca
bn trong tu theo yu cu 21.3.10-1, 21.4.9-1 Phn 2A hoc 19.3.10-1, 19.4.9-1 Phn 2B
ca Quy chun, th s tay hng dn ny phi c trnh ng kim duyt.
2.2.2 Th thy lc, th kn nc v cc cuc th lin quan
1 Khi tin hnh kim tra phn cp cc tu theo quy nh 2.2.1, trc khi tin hnh th
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ng di phi th thy lc v th kn nc theo yu cu a ra (1) n (3) di y
m bo rng thn tu v h thng my tu ang trng thi tt, p sut lm vic ca ni
hi c xc nh, van an ton c iu chnh v kh nng tch t hi ca ni hi c
th t yu cu. Tr vic th thy lc nhng ni hi v bnh chu p lc m cc chi tit
quan trng ca chng mi c sa cha, cc ng hi chnh v cc bnh kh nn khng
th kim tra c bn trong, th r r h thng lm lnh hng ca my lnh trn tu, ng
kim c th xem xt v min gim cc bc th v kim tra khc.
(1) y i, khoang mt mi, khoang mt ui, khoang cch ly v hm xch t sau vch
chng va, vch kn nc v hm trc phi c th theo quy nh Bng 1B/2.1.
(2) Th thu lc, th r r hoc th kn kh phi c tin hnh theo quy nh tng
chng Phn 3 ca Quy chun, ty thuc vo loi my.
(3) i vi cc tu ch x kh ha lng, ngoi nhng yu cu th quy nh (1) v (2)
trn, phi tin hnh th thy lc, th r r hoc th kn kh theo quy nh Phn 8D
ca Quy chun. i vi cc tu ch x ho cht nguy him, th r r v th kn kh
phi c tin hnh theo cc quy nh khc ca ng kim.
2.2.3 Cc h s phi duy tr trn tu
Khi kt thc kim tra phn cp tu, ng kim vin phi xc nhn rng cc h s quy nh
2.1.6 u c trn tu.
2.3 Th nghing v th ng di
2.3.1 Th nghing
1 Khi kim tra phn cp, phi tin hnh th nghing sau khi hon thin tu. Trn tu phi c
bn thng bo n nh c lp da trn kt qu th nghing tu v c ng kim
duyt.
2 Khi kim tra phn cp cc tu c ng khng c gim st ca ng kim, ng kim c
th min th nghing nu nh c bn tnh thng bo n nh c tnh ton da vo kt
qu th nghing lch ln trc v sau tu khng b hon ci hoc sa cha lm thay
i tnh n nh ca tu.
3 ng kim c th min gim vic th nghing lch cho tng tu ring l, nu c y s
liu t cuc th nghing lch ca cc tu ng cng phin bn hoc c bin php tng
ng khc c ng kim chp nhn.
4 Nu trn tu c t my tnh kim sot n nh tr gip cho bn thng bo n nh, th
trn tu phi c s tay hng dn s dng. Sau khi t my tnh ln tu, phi tin hnh th
chc nng khng nh s hot ng chnh xc ca n.
2.3.2 Th ng di
1 Khi kim tra phn cp tt c cc tu, phi tin hnh th ng di theo quy nh t (1) n
(10) di y trong iu kin tu ti, thi tit tt v bin lng, vng bin khng hn
ch su ca nc i vi mn nc ca tu. Tuy nhin, nu vic th ng di khng
th thc hin c trong iu kin ti th c th th vi iu kin ti thch hp.
(1) Th tc
(2) Th li
(3) Th thit b li, th chuyn i t li chnh sang li ph
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
71
(4) Th quay vng. Trong tng trng hp c th, ng kim c th xem xt min gim
th quay vng cho tng tu ring r, vi iu kin phi c y s liu th quay
vng ca cc tu ng cng phin bn
(5) Th xc nhn khng c trc trc trong iu kin hot ng ca my cng nh c
tnh ca tu trong lc th ng di
(6) Th hot ng ca cc ti neo
(7) Th hot ng h thng iu khin t ng v iu khin t xa ca my chnh hoc
chn vt bin bc, ni hi v cc t my pht in
(8) Th tch hi ca ni hi
(9) o dao ng xon ca h trc
(10) Th cc mc khc, nu ng kim thy cn thit.
2 Kt qu th quy nh -1 trn phi c trnh cho ng kim lm h s th tu ng di.
3 Trong trng hp kim tra phn cp i vi cc tu c ng khng c gim st ca
ng kim, ng kim c th min gim cc yu cu th nu trn vi iu kin c s
liu trong ln th trc v k t ln th tu khng c thay i lm nh hng n kt
qu th quy nh -1 ni trn.
2.4 Th ch hng
2.4.1 Tu ch x kh ha lng v tu ch x ha cht nguy him
1 Nu yu cu cuc th trong iu kin c hng d nh ch trong khoang hng khng th
thc hin c trong t kim tra phn cp, th c th tin hnh th ln nhn hng u
tin ngay sau khi hon thnh kim tra phn cp tu. Trong trng hp ny, cuc th c
coi l t kim tra bt thng vi s chng kin ca ng kim vin.
2 i vi vic kim tra phn cp tu c ng khng c gim st ca ng kim, nu cc
tu c y h s khai thc, th ng kim c th xem xt v min gim ton b hoc
tng phn vic th ch hng.
2.5 Cc thay i
2.5.1 Kim tra cc phn thay i
Khi d nh thc hin bt k s thay i no i vi thn tu, my tu hoc trang thit b
m gy nh hng hoc c th gy nh hng n cp tu, th phi p dng cc yu cu
kim tra Phn cp trong ng mi cho tu.
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Bng 1B/2.1 Th thy lc
T.T i tng p dng
Loi th, p sut th
hoc ct p th
Ch thch
1 y i
Th thy lc c ct nc n nh ca
ng thng hi hoc boong vch, chn
tr s ln hn
Nu sng gia y nm
gia cc kt cha cng
loi cht lng, th khng
cn th sng gia y.
2 Kt su
Th thy lc c ct nc n ng
nc ch hng, hoc n nh ca
ng trn, hoc n cao 2,45 m tnh
t nh kt, hoc n 2/3 H tnh t
nh kt, ly tr s no ln hn, trong
H l chiu cao tnh t nh kt n
mt trn ca D.
3
Khoang du hng v
khoang cch ly ca
tu du
Th thy lc c ct nc n cao
2,45 m cao hn mt boong ti mn to
thnh nh kt hoc n mc 0,6 m
cao hn np ming khoang, ly gi tr
no ln hn.

Nu khng th tin hnh
th thy lc cho tng kt
v khoang cch ly trn
/ kh vi ct nc
th quy nh, th c th
tin hnh th thu lc vi
ct nc n mc
ng nc khi dn.
Sau khi tu h thu, th
thu lc i vi tng kt
v khoang cch ly vi ct
nc theo quy nh ca
Bng ny.
4
Khoang mt ui v
khoang ng bao trc
nc ch hng. i vi nhng phn
trn ng nc ch hng, th bng
vi rng vi p sut nc ti u vi
rng khng nh hn 0,2 Mpa.

Nu cc khoang c s
dng nh kt cha th
chng phi c th nh
quy nh mc 2 ca
Bng ny.
5 Khoang mt mi
nc ch hng hoc n ng nc
ng vi chiu chm bng 2/3 D, ly gi
tr no ln hn. i vi nhng phn
trn ng nc ch hng, th bng
vi rng vi p lc nc ti u vi
rng khng nh hn 0,2 MPa.
Nu cc khoang c s
dng nh kt cha th
chng phi c th nh
quy nh mc 2 ca
Bng ny.
6 Hm xch neo
Th thy lc c ct nc n nh ca
hm xch
---

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Bng 1B/2.1 Th thy lc (tip theo)
T.T i tng p dng Loi th, p sut th hoc ct p th Ch thch
7 Tn bao
i vi tn bao tng
ng vi cc khng gian
nu cc mc t No.1
n No.6, phi th nh
quy nh trong tng mc
tng ng.

8
Boong kn nc
i vi cc boong tng
ng vi cc boong ca
cc mc t No.2 n
No.6, phi th nh quy
nh trong tng mc
tng ng.
9
Vch kn nc v
cc hm vch
Khi chng tip gip vi
cc kt su hoc khoang
mt th th theo quy nh
cc mc tng ng.
10
Hm trc v cc
ng hm kn nc
khc

11
Ming khoang hng
c np thp kn nc
Tin hnh th bng vi rng vi p
sut nc ti u vi rng khng nh
hn 0,2 MPa.
Th khi np ming
khoang hng v tr
ng.
12 Bnh li lu tuyn
Th thu lc vi ct p bng 1,5D hoc
2d, ly gi tr no nh hn, hoc th kn
kh vi p sut th bng 0,05 MPa.
-
Ch thch:
Phi tin hnh th h thng ng trong tng vng/khu vc ca tu, nh quy nh 12.6, 13.17
v 14.6 ca Phn 3 ca Quy chun.
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CHNG 3 KIM TRA HNG NM
3.1 Quy nh chung
3.1.1 Kim tra tng ng vi kim tra nh k
Nu thy cn thit, ng kim c th yu cu kim tra tng ng vi kim tra nh k,
trn c s lch s sa cha v khai thc tu hoc lch s h hng ca cc tu kiu tng
t hoc ca cc tu c cc khoang/kt tng t.
3.1.2 Kim tra tu ch hng hn hp
Vo cc t kim tra hng nm i vi cc tu ch hng hn hp nh ch qung/du v ch
qung/hng ri/du, phi tin hnh kim tra ph hp vi cc quy nh lin quan Chng
ny, xem xt cc trang thit b ca tu, hnh dng kt cu v qu trnh khai thc trc .
3.2 Kim tra hng nm thn tu, trang thit b, thit b cha chy v ph tng
3.2.1 Kim tra h s v bn v
Vo cc t kim tra hng nm, phi kim tra tnh trng qun l cc bn v v h s nu
trong Bng 1B/3.1.
3.2.2 Kim tra chung
Vo cc t kim tra hng nm, phi kim tra thn tu, trang thit b, thit b cha chy v
ph tng nh quy nh trong Bng 1B/3.2.
3.2.3 Th kh nng hot ng
Vo cc t kim tra hng nm, phi th kh nng hot ng nh quy nh trong Bng
1B/3.3.
3.2.4 Kim tra bn trong cc khoang kt
1 Vo cc t kim tra hng nm, phi tin hnh kim tra bn trong cc khoang /kt nh (1)
v (2) sau y:
(1) Cc khoang v kt nh quy nh trong Bng 1B/3.4;
(2) Cc vng nghi ng pht hin vo t kim tra trc (gm c cc khoang hng ca
tu du, tu ch x ho cht nguy him v tu ch x kh ho lng).
3.2.5 Kim tra tip cn
Vo cc t kim tra hng nm, phi kim tra tip cn nh quy nh trong Bng 1B/3.5.
3.2.6 o chiu dy
1 Vo cc t kim tra hng nm, phi tin hnh o chiu dy nh (1) v (2) di y.
Thit b o v bin bn o chiu dy phi p dng cng ph hp vi quy nh 5.2.6-1
(Chng 5) cng tt.
(1) Cc khoang v kt nh quy nh Bng 1B/3.6;
(2) Cc vng nghi ng pht hin vo t kim tra trc (khng bao gm cc khoang
hng ca tu du, tu ch x ho cht nguy him v tu ch x kh ho lng).
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3.2.7 Th p lc
Vo cc t kim tra hng nm, phi tin hnh th p lc i vi cc tu du v tu
ch x ho cht nguy him, nu ng kim vin thy cn thit sau khi kim tra hng
mc No.21 ca Bng 1B/3.2.
3.3 Kim tra hng nm h thng my tu
3.3.1 Kim tra chung
1 Vo cc t kim tra hng nm h thng my, phi kim tra chung ton b h thng my
trong bung my v phi kim tra nh quy nh t (1) n (3) sau y:
(1) Phi xc nhn rng my chnh, h thng truyn cng sut, h trc, ng c dn ng
khng phi l my chnh, ni hi, thit b hm du, l t cht thi, bnh p lc, my
ph, h thng ng ng, h thng iu khin, trang b in v cc bng in u
tnh trng tt;
(2) Phi xc nhn rng bung my, bung ni hi v phng tin thot nn u tnh
trng tt xt v kha cnh chy v n;
(3) i vi nhng tu c h thng bo dng phng nga theo cc yu cu 8.1.3
(Chng 8), phi kim tra chung h thng v xem xt li tng bn ghi thng s kim
sot ca h thng xc nhn rng cc h thng lin quan c bo dng tt.
2 Ngoi cc yu cu -1 trn y, vo cc t kim tra hng nm h thng my ca tu
du, phi xc nhn rng b bm v h thng thng gi trong cc bung bm hng v
trang b in trong cc khu vc nguy him u tnh trng tt.
1 Vo cc t kim tra hng nm h thng my, phi th kh nng hot ng cc h thng
v thit b nh quy nh trong Bng 1B/3.7 xc nhn rng chng lm vic tt.
2 Vo cc t kim tra hng nm i vi tu du v tu ch x ho cht nguy him, ngoi
cc yu cu quy nh Bng 1B/3.7, phi th hot ng cc h thng v thit b nh quy
nh Bng 1B/3.8.
3.4 Cc yu cu c bit i vi tu ch x kh ho lng
3.4.1 Quy nh chung
Ngoi cc quy nh 3.2 v 3.3, quy nh 3.4 p dng cho vic kim tra hng nm cc
tu ch x kh ho lng. Cn c vo tnh trng thc t, ng kim vin c th xem xt min
kim tra cc kt hng hoc cc khng gian c lm tr.
3.4.2 Kim tra
Vo cc t kim tra hng nm i vi tu ch x kh ho lng, phi kim tra chung cc
kt cu v trang thit b ca cc khng gian quy nh Bng 1B/3.9 xc nhn rng
chng u tnh trng tt. Phm vi kim tra c th tng ln, bao gm c th hot ng,
th iu khin, m kim tra v.v nu ng kim vin thy cn thit.
3.5 Cc yu cu c bit i vi tu ch x ho cht nguy him
3.5.1 Quy nh chung
Ngoi cc quy nh 3.2 v 3.3, quy nh 3.5 p dng cho vic kim tra hng nm cc
tu ch x ho cht nguy him.
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76
3.5.2 Kim tra
Vo cc t kim tra hng nm i vi tu ch x ho cht nguy him, phi kim tra cc
khng gian, cc kt cu, cc ph kin v trang thit b c quy nh Bng 1B/3.10.
Phm vi kim tra c th tng ln, bao gm c th hot ng, th iu khin, m kim tra
v.v nu ng kim vin thy cn thit.
Bng 1B/3.1 Kim tra cc bn v v h s
T.T Hng mc kim tra Ni dung kim tra
1 Hng dn xp ti
i vi cc tu c trang b hng dn xp hng trn tu
theo cc yu cu ca mc 32.1.1 v 32.3.1, Phn 2A v
23.1.1, Phn 2B ca Quy chun, phi kim tra xc nhn
hng dn ny c trn tu.
2 Bn thng bo n nh Phi kim tra xc nhn bn thng bo n nh c trn tu.
3
S kim sot tai nn
v s tay
i vi cc tu c trang b s kim sot tai nn trn
tu theo yu cu ca Chng 31 Phn 2A, phi kim tra xc
nhn s c duyt v s tay cha nhng thng tin
th hin trong s c trn tu.
4 S kim sot chy
Kim tra xc nhn s kim sot chy c b tr v t
nhng v tr hp l.
5
Hng dn hot ng v
bo dng ca mi tu,
ca bn trong v bn ch
dn quy trnh vn hnh
i vi cc tu c trang b hng dn v bn ch bo theo
cc yu cu Chng 21 Phn 2A v Chng 19 Phn 2B;
Kim tra xc nhn hng dn c trn tu.
Kim tra xc nhn c trang b bn ch dn.
6
Cc s tay hng dn v
h thng kh tr
i vi cc tu c trang b s tay trn tu theo cc yu
cu ca 4.5.5, Phn 5 ca Quy chun, phi kim tra xc
nhn s tay ny c trn tu.
7
Bn v b tr cc thit b
ko v chng buc
Kim tra xc nhn cc bn v b tr thit b ko v chng buc
theo quy nh 25.2 Phn 2A hoc 21.3 Phn 2B, c trn tu.
8
S tay hng dn tip
cn kt cu tu
i vi cc tu c trang b s tay hng dn ph hp vi
qui nh 33.2.6, Phn 2A v 24.2.6, Phn 2B ca Quy
chun, xc nhn s tay ny c trn tu v c thay mi khi
cn thit.
Bng 1B/3.2 Kim tra chung
1 Tn v
2 Tn boong thi tit
Phi kim tra tnh trng chung mt ngoi thn tu pha trn ng
nc ch hng.
3
Cc l khot trn boong
v mt ngoi thn tu
Phi kim tra tnh trng chung ca cc thnh quy v cc thit b
ng ca ming khoang trn boong l v trong khu vc thng
tng kn, ca mn, ca lm hng, ca hp l pha di boong
mn kh hoc boong thng tng.
4 Thnh quy bung my
Phi kim tra tnh trng chung ca cc thnh quy bung my h
v cc l khot ca chng, cc ca tri ca bung ni hi, bung
my v thit b ng kn chng.
5 Thit b thng gi
Phi kim tra tnh trng chung ca cc thnh quy v thit b ng
kn ca thit b thng gi xung cc khoang bn di boong mn
kh hoc cc boong thng tng kn.
6 ng thng hi
Phi kim tra tnh trng chung ca cc ng thng hi trn boong
thi tit v thit b ng kn chng.
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Bng 1B/3.2 Kim tra chung (tip theo)
7
Vch ngn kn nc v
vch mt thng tng
Phi kim tra tnh trng chung cc ca kn nc, van chn v
l xuyn vch trn cc vch ngn kn nc v thit b ng
ca cc l khot trn cc vch mt thng tng.
8
Du hiu ng nc
ch hng
Phi kim tra du hiu ng nc ch hng v ng
boong.
9 Mn chn sng
Phi kim tra tnh trng chung ca mn chn sng v cc thit
b ng l x mn chn sng v lan can bo v.
10 Phng tin tip cn
Phi kim tra tnh trng chung ca cc li i c nh v cc
phng tin tip cn khc.
11
Cc l x mn,u vo,
cc ng v van x khc
Phi kim tra n mc c th cc l x mn, cc u vo, cc
ng v van x khc.
12
Thit b chng buc g
trn boong
Phi kim tra tnh trng chung ca thit b chng buc g trn
boong k c cc tm l u dy v dy chng v.v..., nu thit
b chng buc c ng kim duyt.
13
Thit b neo v chng
buc
Phi kim tra, n mc c th, thit b neo v chng buc k
c cc ph tng ca chng.
14 Trang b cha chy
Phi kim tra tnh trng chung ca h thng cha chy v
kim tra xc nhn h thng cha chy c nh, cc bnh cha
chy loi xch tay, loi di chuyn c v cc trang b cho
ngi cha chy c bo dng tt.
15
Kt cu chng chy v
li thot thn
Kim tra xc nhn khng c thay i no i vi cc kt cu
ny.
16 Bum v cc ph kin
Phi kim tra bum v cc ph kin ca n khi v tr ti ch
v sn sng cng bum.
17
Thit b ko v chng
buc
Phi kim tra tnh trng chung ca du hiu ti trng lm vic
an ton (SWL) trn cc thit b ko v chng buc ph hp vi
quy nh Phn 2A hoc Phn 2B ca Quy chun.
18 Trang b ko s c
i vi nhng tu c trang b h thng ko s c theo cc
yu cu Phn 2A, phi kim tra tnh trng chung ca h
thng.
19
My tnh kim sot ti
trng
i vi nhng tu c trang b my tnh theo yu cu Phn
2A, phi kim tra xc nhn my tnh c duy tr trng thi
tt.
20
S nhn dng ca tu
(s IMO)
i vi nhng tu yu cu phi ghi s nhn dng ca tu, phi
kim tra tnh trng chung ca vic b tr s nhn dng.
Yu cu b sung i vi tu ch du, ch x ho cht nguy him v ch x kh ho lng
21 H thng ng
Phi kim tra tnh trng chung ca cc ng du hng, du t,
ng dn, ng thng hi k c cc tr thng hi v u thng
hi, ng kh tr v tt c cc ng khc trong bung bm hng,
bung my nn hng v trn cc boong thi tit.
Yu cu b sung i vi tu ch hng ri trn 10 tui
22
H thng ng trong cc
khoang hng
Phi kim tra tt c cc ng v cc l xuyn qua trong
khoang hng k c cc ng x mn.
Yu cu b sung i vi tu ch hng kh tng hp c GT bng hoc ln hn 500
v trn 15 tui
23
H thng ng trong cc
khoang hng
Phi kim tra tt c cc ng v cc l ng xuyn qua, k c
cc ng x mn.
Ghi ch:
Phi tin hnh kim tra cc vng nghi ng pht hin vo t kim tra trc .
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
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Bng 1B/3.3 Th hot ng
T.T Hng mc kim tra Th nghim
1 Np ming khoang kn thi tit
Th bng vi rng nh nu trong Bng 1B/2.1, nu
ng kim vin thy cn thit.
Kim tra ngu nhin hot ng tng i ca cc np
y ming khoang c dn ng c gii.
i vi cc np y ming khoang c dn ng c
gii tu ch hng ri, cc tm np ming khoang
vng pha trc 0,25 L
f
v t nht mt tm b sung
phi c kim tra hot ng t yu cu, sao cho tt
c cc np ming khoang trn tu c kim tra t
nht 5 nm mt ln gia cc ln kim tra nh k.
2
Thit b ng cc ca kn
nc trn vch kn nc v
cc l khot trn cc vch mt
ca thng tng
Phi kim tra xc nhn cc thit b hot ng tt, theo
mc m ng kim vin thy cn thit.
3
Cc thit b lin quan n
phng chng chy v thot
nn
Phi tin hnh kim tra xc nhn cc thit b hot ng
tt.
4
H thng pht hin chy v
bo chy k c cc im bo
chy bng tay
Phi kim tra xc nhn cc thit b hot ng tt k c
thit b bo ng s c ca h thng.
5
Bm cu ha k c bm cu
ha s c, ng ng, hng
cu ho, vi rng cu ho,
u phun
Phi th kh nng hot ng ca h thng cha chy
bao gm bm cha chy, hng cha chy v.v i
vi nhng tu c h thng hot ng cho bung my
khng c ngi trc canh, phi th hot ng h
thng iu khin t xa hoc h thng t ng hot
ng ca mt bm.
6
H thng cha chy bng bt
c nh trn boong
Phi kim tra xc nhn h thng lm vic tt bng
cch th cp nc.
7 H thng thng gi Phi tin hnh kim tra xc nhn cc qut lm vic tt.
8 My tnh kim sot n nh
Phi tin hnh th hot ng i vi cc my tnh
tnh ton n nh nh l mt ph bn ca bn thng
bo n nh, c lp t ln cc tu c hp ng
ng vo hoc sau ngy 01/7/2005.
9
H thng d mc nc v h
thng bo ng
Kim tra ngu nhin, xc nhn h thng lm vic tt.
10 H thng x nc Phi tin hnh kim tra xc nhn h thng lm vic tt.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
79
Bng 1B/3.4 Kim tra bn trong cc khoang v kt
T.T Hng mc Ni dung kim tra
Cc yu cu i vi tu hng tr nhng tu c nu ring di y
1 Bung my v bung ni hi Phi tin hnh kim tra bn trong.
2 Kt dn

i vi cc tu trn 5 tui, phi kim tra bn trong cc
kt c khuyn co phi kim tra bn trong t t
kim tra trung gian hoc nh k trc.

Cc yu cu i vi cc tu ch du, ch x ho cht nguy him v ch x kh ho lng
2
Bung bm hng, cc bung
bm khc k vi khoang hng
bung my nn hng v cc
hm cha ng ng hng

Phi kim tra bn trong sau khi c ra k v tiu
thot kh. Phi lu n h thng lm kn tt c cc l
xuyn vch, h thng thng gi, b v cc m kn
ca bm v my nn.

3 Kt dn

i vi cc tu du, tu ch x ho cht nguy him v
cc tu ch x kh ho lng trn 5 tui, phi kim tra bn
trong cc kt c khuyn co phi kim tra bn trong
t t kim tra trung gian hoc nh k trc.
i vi cc tu du khng phi l tu du v kp trn 5
tui, nh nh ngha 1.3.1(12), phi kim tra bn trong
tt c cc khoang k vi khoang hng c ng xon hm
du (v d c mt mt bin chung).Tuy nhin, ng kim
vin c th xem xt la chn ring, nu thy lp sn
ph tnh trng tt vo t kim tra trung gian hoc
nh k trc.
i vi cc tu du v kp trn 15 tui, nh nh ngha
1.3.1(12), phi kim tra bn trong tt c cc kt k vi
(c ngha l phi c mt mt phng tip gip chung)
khoang hng c ng xon gia nhit. Tuy nhin, nu t
t kim tra trung gian hoc nh k trc, thy lp sn
ph trng thi tt, th ng kim vin c th xem xt
min gim trong tng trng hp c th.

Cc yu cu i vi tu hng ri khng phi l tu hng ri v kp
*1

1 Bung my v bung ni hi Phi kim tra bn trong.
2 Kt dn

khoang c khuyn co phi kim tra bn trong t t

3 Khoang hng
i vi cc tu ch hng ri trn 10 tui, phi kim tra
bn trong tt c cc khoang hng.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
80
Bng 1B/3.4 Kim tra bn trong cc khoang v kt (tip theo)
Cc yu cu i vi tu hng ri v kp
2 Kt dn
khoang c khuyn co phi kim tra bn trong t t
3 Khoang hng
i vi cc tu t trn 10 tui n 15 tui, phi kim tra
bn trong hai khoang hng c la chn.
i vi cc tu trn 15 tui, phi kim tra bn trong tt c
cc khoang hng.
Cc yu cu i vi tu hng kh tng hp c GT bng hoc ln hn 500
2 Kt dn
i vi cc tu hng kh tng hp trn 5 tui, phi kim
tra bn trong cc khoang c khuyn co phi kim tra
bn trong t t kim tra trung gian hoc nh k trc.
3 Khoang hng
i vi cc tu hng kh tng hp t trn 5 tui n 10
tui, phi kim tra bn trong tt c cc khoang hng
xem xt tnh trng vng chn cc sn khoang, cc m
chn v vng chn cc vch ngang.
i vi cc tu hng kh tng hp trn 10 tui n 15
tui, phi kim tra bn trong mt khoang hng pha mi
v mt khoang hng pha ui (i vi tu ch g, phi
kim tra tt c cc khoang hng) v cc khng gian ni
boong lin quan.
i vi cc tu hng kh tng hp trn 15 tui, phi kim
tra bn trong tt c cc khoang hng v cc khng gian
ni boong lin quan.
Ghi ch:
*1
i vi cc tu hng ri c h thng khoang hng hn hp, v d c mt s khoang hng
v mn n v mt s khoang khc c v mn kp, th nhng yu cu i vi tu ch
hng ri v kp phi c p dng cho cc khoang hng c v mn kp v cc kt mn
lin quan.
Bng 1B/3.5 Kim tra tip cn
*1

1
Cc np y v
thnh quy ming
khoang
Phi kim tra tip cn tn np y ming khoang, tn thnh quy
ming khoang v cc np gia cng ca chng.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
81
Bng 1B/3.5 Kim tra tip cn (tip theo)
(*1)

2
Cc thnh phn kt
cu trong khoang
hng
i vi cc tu hng ri trn 10 tui nhng khng qu 15 tui, phi
kim tra tip cn vi mc tho ng (ti thiu 25% s sn)
thit lp c tnh trng ca vng chn cc sn mn trong
khong 1/3 chiu di sn ti v mn v lin kt mt sn mn
vi tn v k cn trong khoang hng mi tu.
i vi cc tu hng ri trn 15 tui, phi kim tra tip cn vi
mc tho ng (ti thiu 25% s sn) thit lp c tnh
trng ca vng chn cc sn mn trong khong 1/3 chiu di
sn ti v mn v lin kt mt sn mn vi tn v k cn trong
khoang hng pha trc v mt khoang hng khc c chn.
Nu mc kim tra nh trn cho thy phi c cc bin php khc
phc, th vic kim tra phi c m rng, k c vic kim tra tip
cn tt c cc sn mn v tn v k cn ca khoang hng ,
ng thi kim tra tip cn vi phm vi tho ng (ti thiu 25% s
sn) ca tt c cc khoang hng cn li.
1
Cc np y v
thnh quy ming
khoang
1
Cc np y v
thnh quy ming
khoang
2 Sn khoang
i vi cc tu ch g t trn 5 tui n 15 tui, phm vi kim tra
phi tng ln vi mc tho ng, nu ng kim vin thy cn
thit th phi tin hnh kim tra theo quy nh Bng 1B/3.4.
i vi cc tu hng kh tng hp trn 15 tui, phi kim tra tip
cn vi phm vi tho ng, ti thiu 25% s sn thit lp
c tnh trng ca vng chn cc sn mn trong khong 1/3
chiu di sn v mn v lin kt mt sn mn vi tn v
xung quanh trong khoang hng pha trc v mt khoang hng
khc c chn.
Nu mc kim tra ny cho thy phi c cc bin php khc
phc th vic kim tra phi c m rng bao gm c vic kim
tra tip cn tt c cc sn mn v tn v xung quanh ca khoang
hng v khng gian ni boong lin quan (nu c) ng thi
kim tra tip cn vi phm vi tho ng tt c cc khoang hng
cn li v khng gian ni boong lin quan (nu c).
Ghi ch:

(*1)
: i vi cc tu hng c h thng khoang hng hn hp, v d c mt s khoang hng v
mn n v mt s khoang khc v mn kp, th nhng yu cu i vi tu ch hng ri
v kp phi c p dng cho cc khoang hng c v mn kp v cc kt mn lin quan.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
82
Bng 1B/3.6 o chiu dy
Cc yu cu i vi tu hng khng phi cc tu nu di y
1 Kt cu trong cc kt dn Khi kim tra nh quy nh i vi tu trn 5 tui Bng
1B/3.4, nu pht hin thy n mn din rng, th phi o
chiu dy n mc tho ng. Nu pht hin thy n
mn su th phi o chiu dy b sung theo cc quy nh
5.2.6-2.
1
Cc ng ng du hng,
du t, dn, thng hi k c
cc tr v ng gp thng hi,
cc ng ng kh tr v cc
ng ng khc trong bung
bm v trn boong thi tit
Sau khi xem xt kt qu kim tra nh quy nh Bng
1B/3.2, nu ng kim thy cn thit th phi o chiu dy.
2 Cc kt cu trong kt dn
Khi kim tra cc kt dn nh quy nh Bng 1B/3.4 i
vi cc tu ch du, ch x ho cht nguy him v ch
x kh ho lng trn 5 tui, nu pht hin thy n mn
din rng, phi o chiu dy n mc tho ng. Nu
pht hin thy b n mn su, th phi o chiu dy b
sung nh quy nh 5.2.6-3.
Cc yu cu i vi tu hng ri
1 Cc kt cu trong kt dn
Khi kim tra cc kt dn nh quy nh Bng 1B/3.4 i
vi tu ch hng ri trn 5 tui, nu pht hin n mn
din rng, phi o chiu dy n mc tho ng. Nu
pht hin thy b n mn su, th phi o chiu dy b
2
Np y ming khoang v
thnh ming khoang
3
Cc kt cu trong khoang
hng

T kt qu kim tra bn trong/kim tra tip cn nh quy
nh Bng 1B/3.4 hoc 1B/3.5, nu ng kim thy cn
thit th phi o chiu dy n mc tho ng. Nu
pht hin thy b n mn ln, th phi o chiu dy b
1 Cc kt cu trong kt dn Khi kim tra cc kt dn nh quy nh Bng 1B/3.4 i
vi tu trn 5 tui, nu thy b n mn din rng, phi o
chiu dy n mc tho ng. Nu pht hin thy b
n mn su, th phi o chiu dy b sung nh quy nh
5.2.6-5.
2 Np y ming khoang v
thnh ming khoang
T kt qu kim tra tip cn nh quy nh Bng
1B/3.5, nu thy cn thit th phi o chiu dy n mc
tho ng. Nu pht hin thy c n mn ln, th phi
o chiu dy b sung nh quy nh 5.2.6-5.
3 Cc kt cu trong khoang
hng
i vi cc tu hng trn 10 tui, t kt qu kim tra theo
quy nh Bng 1B/3.4 v kim tra tip cn theo quy
nh Bng 1B/3.5, nu thy cn thit th phi tin hnh
o chiu dy n mc tho ng. Nu pht hin thy
c n mn ln th phi o chiu dy b sung nh quy
nh 5.2.6-5.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
83
Bng 1B/3.7 Th hot ng khi kim tra hng nm
T.T Hng mc Ni dung th
1
Thit b ng t xa i vi
cc kt du
Phi tin hnh th hot ng i vi thit b ng t xa
cc kt du t v du bi trn.
2
ng c ca bm du t,
bm du hng, qut thng
gi v qut ht gi ni hi
Phi tin hnh th hot ng i vi thit b dng s c.
3 Ngun in s c
Phi tin hnh th hot ng i vi ngun in s c
v cc thit b lin quan xc nhn rng c h thng
ang lm vic tt v nu chng hot ng t ng, th
th ch t ng.
4 H thng thng tin
Phi tin hnh th hot ng i vi cc phng tin
thng tin lin lc gia bung li vi v tr kim sot my
v gia bung li vi bung my li.
5 My li
Phi tin hnh th hot ng nh quy nh t (a) n (e)
di y i vi my li chnh v my li ph, k c thit
b i km v h thng iu khin:
(a) Th hot ng cc bm thu lc my li, bao gm c
th chuyn i gia chng
(b) Th hot ng thit b t ng v cch ly t xa ca
h thng khi ng nng lng nh quy nh 15.6
Phn 3
(c) Th cp in ca ngun nng lng thay th nh
quy nh 15.2.6 Phn 3
(d) Th hot ng i vi h thng iu khin, bao gm
c iu khin chuyn i
(e) Th hot ng i vi h thng bo ng, ch bo
gc li v ch bo hot ng ca bm thu lc my
li nh quy nh Phn 3.
6 H thng ht kh
Phi tin hnh th hot ng i vi cc van (bao gm
c van ht kh ng cp), cc bm ht kh, cn iu
khin van thit b bo ng mc nc ca h thng ht
kh nc y tu.
Thit b an ton
Phi tin hnh th hot ng i vi thit b an ton, nh
quy nh t (a) n (d) di y. Tuy nhin, vic th c
th c min, trn c s kim tra chung c xt n cc
iu kin lm vic trn bin v bin bn kim tra do thu
th ca tu lp.
7
a) My chnh v my ph

Phi th hot ng cc thit b an ton/bo ng trn
ng c dn ng ca my chnh, my pht in, my
ph cn thit cho my chnh v my ph dng iu
ng v an ton. Nu thy cn, ng kim c th yu
cu xut trnh bin bn bo dng h thng nc lnh
v du bi trn xem xt.
(i) Thit b bo v qu tc
(ii) Thit b bo ng v ngt t ng trong trng hp
mt hoc gim p sut du bi trn
(iii) Thit b ngt t ng trong trng hp gim bt
thng p sut chn khng bu ngng chnh ca tua
bin hi nc chnh.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
84
Bng 1B/3.7 Th hot ng khi kim tra hng nm (tip theo)
(b) Ni hi, thit b
hm du nng
v thit b t
du cn
- Phi tin hnh th hot ng cc thit b an ton, thit b bo
ng v ng h ch bo p sut nh quy nh Phn 3, cc
thit b gim p ca van an ton phi c kim tra v th
xc nhn chng hot ng tho mn. Tuy nhin my trng phi
th cc van gim p lp trn cc ni hi tit kim kh x, trn
bin trc khi kim tra hng nm trong khong thi gian quy
nh 1.1.3-1(1). Vic th ny phi c ghi thnh bin bn v
s nht k ng kim xem xt. Phi xc nhn bin bn kim
chun ng h ch bo p sut. Nu thy cn thit, ng kim
c th yu cu xut trnh bin bn kim sot nc ni hi v
thit b hm du nng xem xt.
(c) Thit b kim tra
- Phi tin hnh th hot ng i vi cc ng h ch bo p
sut, cc nhit k, ampe k, vn k v dng c o vng quay.

(d) Thit b kim
sot t ng
hoc thit b
iu khin t xa
- Phi tin hnh th hot ng cc thit b kim sot t ng
hoc cc thit b iu khin t xa dng cho cc my ph cn
thit cho my chnh v my ph phc v iu ng v an ton
ca thuyn vin.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
85
Bng 1B/3.8 Cc yu cu b sung i vi tu du v tu ch x ho cht nguy him
1
Cc bm hng, bm
ht kh, bm dn,
bm vt v cc thit
b thng gi
Phi tin hnh th hot ng i vi h thng iu khin t xa v
cc c cu ngt i vi cc bm t trong bung bm hng.
2 H thng ht kh
Phi tin hnh th hot ng i vi cc h thng ht kh t trong
bung bm hng.
3
Cc thit b ch bo
mc
Phi tin hnh th hot ng i vi cc thit b ch bo mc trong
cc khoang hng.
4 Cc ng h ch bo
p sut
Phi tin hnh th hot ng i vi cc ng h ch bo p sut
t trong cc ng ng x hng.
5 H thng kh tr
H thng kh tr c lp t ph hp vi 4.5.5 Phn 5 ca Quy
chun, phi c th nh quy nh sau y. Nu ng kim thy
cn thit, th phi th c i vi cc h thng kh tr khc vi h
thng ni trn.
(a) Phi tin hnh th hot cc qut gi kh tr v h thng thng
gi bung thit b lc kh tr
(b) Phi tin hnh th chc nng cc m kn nc v kim tra
chung cc van mt chiu
(c) Phi tin hnh th hot ng cc van iu khin t xa hoc cc
van kim sot t ng
(d) Phi tin hnh th hot ng ca h thng kho lin ng gia
cc qut mui v cc van ngt trn ng ng cp kh
(e) Phi tin hnh th hot ng cc thit b o, thit b bo ng v
thit b an ton nh quy nh Phn 5.
6
Cc thit b o, thit
b bo ng v pht
hin (cm bin)
Phi tin hnh th hot ng i vi cc thit b sau y. Trng
hp nu thc s kh khn trong vic th hot ng, th chc nng
ca thit b c th c xc nhn bng cch th m phng hoc
cc cch thch hp khc.
(a) Cc thit b pht hin kh di ng v c nh v cc thit b bo
ng lin quan
(b) Cc thit b o mt kh xy.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
86
Bng 1B/3.9 Nhng yu cu c bit i vi cc tu ch x kh ho lng
1 H thng cha hng
Phi tin hnh kim tra, cng tip cn cng tt, tnh trng
chung ca cc khoang hng, cc vch chn th hai v
cc cht cch ly ca chng, cc thit b ng kn i vi
khoang hng hoc cc np kt xuyn cc boong. Vo
t kim tra hng nm ln th nht sau khi bn giao,
phi tin hnh kim tra nh quy nh 1(a), 1(b) v 2
ca Bng 1B/5.27 v cc c cu y khoang hng. Tuy
nhin, c th min kim tra theo cc quy nh ring khc
ca ng kim.
2
H thng thng gi cho cc
khoang hng v cho h thng
cha hng
Phi tin hnh kim tra chung, cng tip cn cng tt,
cc van gim p lc/cc van chn khng, h thng an
ton v cc li chn la i km chng i vi cc
khoang hng, cc khng gian gia hai vch chn, cc
khng gian m, cng nh cc phng tin x ng
trong ng thng hi. Phi xc nhn rng cc van gim
p lc cho cc khoang hng c ng kn v giy
chng nhn lin quan v p sut ng/m chng c
trn tu.
3 H thng lm hng
Phi kim tra chung cc thit b nu t (a) n (c) sau
y, nu trng thi hot ng cng tt. Phi tin hnh
kim tra chung v th kh nng hot ng thit b ngt
s c i vi vic dng chuyn hng.
(a) ng c lm hng, bao gm c thit b trao i
nhit ca hng, cc bu ho hi, cc bm v cc
my nn
(b) ng ng v cc lp cch nhit ca h thng lm
hng, cng tip cn cng tt
(c) Thit b ngng bng tay v t ng i vi cc bm
hng v cc my nn.
4
Thit b o, bo v v bo
ng
Phi kim tra chung cc thit b nu t (a) n (c) sau
y. Trong trng hp, nu vic th hot ng thc t
gp kh khn, th chc nng ca thit b c th c xc
nhn bng cch th m phng hoc cc cch thch hp
khc.
(a) Thit b o mc cht lng, thit b bo ng mc cao
v cc van lin quan vi h thng ngt
(b) Thit b ch bo nhit v cc thit b bo ng
(c) Thit b o p sut v cc thit b bo ng lin quan
i vi cc khoang hng, cc khng gian chn bn
trong
(d) Cc thit b pht hin kh di ng v c nh v cc
thit b bo ng lin quan
(e) Thit b o mt kh xy
(f) Thit b an ton ca h thng s dng hng lm
nhin liu.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
87
(tip theo)
5
H thng kim sot mi
trng
Phi tin hnh kim tra chung nh quy nh t (a) n (c)
sau y:
(a) Cc h thng lm sch v ty kh, cc thit b gom kh
i vi cc khoang hng
(b) H thng to kh tr, cha kh tr, h thng kh kh, kh
b cho s tn hao thng thng cht lm kh
(c) H thng kim sot p sut i vi h thng lin quan
n kh tr, cc phng tin ngn nga dng kh
ngc v h thng theo di.
6 Trang b dp chy
Phi kim tra tnh trng chung ca cc dng c cha chy
c nhn b sung i vi hng ho c kh nng gy chy,
h thng cha chy i vi cc khng gian kn kh nguy
him v thit b bo ng i vi phng tin thot nn.
7 Bo v con ngi
Phi tin hnh kim tra chung cc trang thit b t (a) n
(d) sau y. Phi tin hnh th kh nng hot ng ca vi
kh nhim v dng c ra mt.
(a) Thit b bo v
(b) Thit b an ton
(c) Cng thng v dng c cp cu
(d) Cc thit b sau y, nu c yu cu Phn 8D ca
Quy chun:
i) Thit b th dng cho li thot s c
ii) Vi kh nhim v dng c ra mt
iii) V tr tr n trong tnh trng khn cp.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
88
(tip theo)
8 Cc thit b khc
Phi kim tra chung cc thit b t (a) n (j ) sau y v
cc chi tit (k), (l) phi c kim tra v xc nhn c
trn tu.
(a) Thit b iu chnh cn bng ngang, ca kn nc
v.v... c trang b lin quan n n nh ca tu
trong tnh trng h hng, cng tip cn cng tt
(b) Thit b ng cc ca s, ca ra vo, cc l khot
khc ca lu li v cc ca cc vch ngn l thin
ca thng tng, lu boong khi c yu cu v cc
thit b i vi cc m khng kh
(c) H thng thng gi, bao gm c cc qut d tr ca
chng hoc cc qut gi cho cc bung ng kn v
cc khoang trong khu vc hng
(d) Cc khay hng c nh hoc di ng hoc lp ph
bo v boong c trang b chng r r hng
(e) Cc l xuyn vch kn kh, cc b lm kn trc, cng
tip cn cng tt
(f) Cc thit b gia nhit ca kt cu thn tu thp, cng
tip cn cng tt
(g) Cc ng mm dn hng kiu c duyt
(h) Ni mt gia kt cu thn tu vi cc ng dn hng,
cng tip cn cng tt
(i) Cc phng tin xp v d hng mi tu hoc ui
tu v cc thit b lin quan ca chng, trm tp trung
s c v cc trang thit b yu cu i vi cc hng
ho c bit
(j) Cch in trong cc khng gian hoc vng nguy him
(k) S nht k hng, bin bn vn hnh v cc hng
dn lin quan n h thng cha hng v h thng
lm hng
(l) B lut ca IMO (IMO code) v chuyn ch kh hoc
cc Quy phm hp nht cc quy nh ca b lut
nu trn.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
89
Bng 1B/3.10 Nhng yu cu c bit i vi cc tu ch x ho cht nguy him
1 Boong thi tit
Phi kim tra chung cc trang thit b t (a) n (d) sau:
(a) Cc thit b ly mu th t cc tuyn ng sy v ng
lm mt kt hng
(b) Phng tin ng cc ca s, ca ra vo, v cc l
khot khc ca lu li v cc ca cc vch l thin
ca thng tng v lu boong khi c yu cu
(c) Dng c o p sut x ca bm t ngoi bung bm
(d) Cch ly ca ng ng.
2
Bung bm hng v khng
gian lm hng
Phi kim tra chung cc trang thit b t (a) n (e) sau:
(a) Cc c cu c kh v in iu khin t xa i vi cc
bm hng v h thng ht kh v h thng ngt t xa
(b) Cc trang b gii cu ngi trong bung bm hng
(c) Thit b tch bit hng
(d) H thng thng gi, bao gm c cc qut d tr v
qut gi i vi cc khng gian ng kn v cc
khoang trong khu vc hng
(e) H thng thu hi cn hng lng, cn lng v hi a
tr v b.
3
H thng kim sot mi
trng i vi h thng
cha hng v khng gian
xung quanh
Phi kim tra chung cc trang thit b (a) v (b) sau y:
(a) Thit b lm tr/to lp ngn/lm kh v kh b
p s hao ht thng thng v cc cht lm kh
(b) H thng theo di kim sot mi trng i vi cc
khng gian tch hi trong h thng cha hng v cc
khng gian xung quanh.
4
Cc thit b o, bo ng v
bo v
Phi tin hnh kim tra chung v th hot ng cc trang
thit b t (a) n (d) sau y:
(a) Thit b o mc cht lng, bo ng mc cao v cc
van ca h thng kim sot trn
(b) Thit b o mc cht lng, nhit v p sut ca h
thng cha hng v thit b bo ng lin quan
(c) Thit b pht hin kh c nh v di ng v cc thit b
bo ng lin quan
(d) Thit b o mt kh xy.
5 Trang b dp chy
Phi tin hnh kim tra tnh trng chung ca cc trang b
cha chy c nhn b sung i vi cc loi hng c kh
nng gy chy, h thng dp chy i vi cc khng gian
ng kn c kh nguy him v cc thit b bo ng i vi
li thot s c.
6 Bo v con ngi
Phi tin hnh kim tra chung cc trang thit b t (a) n
(e) Sau y. Phi tin hnh th kh nng hot ng ca
vi tm v dng c ra mt.
(e) Thit b bo v
(f) Thit b an ton
(g) Cng thng v dng c h tr y t th nht
(h) Vi kh nhim v dng c ra mt
(i) Thit b th dng cho li thot s c, nu thy cn thit.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
90
Bng 1B/3.10 Nhng yu cu c bit i vi cc tu ch x ho cht nguy him
(tip theo)
7 Cc thit b khc
Phi kim tra chung cc trang thit b t (a) n (j) sau
y, cc chi tit (k) v (l) phi c kim tra v xc nhn
c lu gi trn tu.
(a) Thit b iu chnh cn bng ngang, ca kn nc
v.v c trang b lin quan n n nh ca tu
trong tnh trng h hng, cng tip cn cng tt
(b) Dng c cha mu hng ho
(c) Thit b bc/xp hng mi v ui tu
(d) Cc khay hng c nh v di ng hoc cc lp ph
bo v boong ph nhm ngn nga s r r hng
(e) Cc du hiu nhn bit cc ng ng, bao gm c
cc bm v van
(f) H thng lm kh t cc ng thng gi
(g) Cc ng mm dn hng kiu c duyt
(h) Thit b c bit ph hp vi cc yu cu ring ca
tng loi hng
(i) Thit b lm lnh v hm nng hng
(j) Cch in trong cc khng gian hoc vng nguy him
(k) S nht k hng, bin bn vn hnh v cc hng
dn lin quan n h thng cha hng v lm hng
(l) B lut ca IMO (IMO code) v chuyn ch ho cht
hoc cc Quy phm hp nht cc quy nh ca b
lut nu trn.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
91
CHNG 4 KIM TRA TRUNG GIAN
4.1 Quy nh chung
4.1.1 Kim tra tng ng vi kim tra nh k
1 Nu thy cn thit, ng kim c th yu cu kim tra tng ng vi kim tra nh k,
da vo qu trnh khai thc v lch s tu hoc lch s tai nn ca cc tu kiu tng t,
hoc cc tu c cc kt v cc khng gian tng t.
2 Vo cc t kim tra trung gian i vi cc tu hng ri, tu du, tu ch x ho cht nguy
him trn 10 tui v cc tu hng kh tng hp trn 15 tui c tng dung tch bng v ln
hn 500, khi lng kim tra c quy nh ti 4.2.2, 4.2.4, 4.2.5 v 4.2.6 phi c thc
hin nh khi lng kim tra t kim tra nh k trc c quy nh ti 5.2.2, 5.2.4,
5.2.5 v 5.2.6 (ngoi tr 5.2.6-7) tng ng, bao gm c 5.2.3-2(3), (4) v kim tra trn
(ngoi tr im 7 nu Bng 1B/6.1). Tuy nhin, i vi cc tu hng kh tng hp trn
15 tui c tng dung tch bng v ln hn 500, khng yu cu phi tin hnh kim tra bn
trong cc kt du t, kt du nhn v kt nc ngt, kim tra (c bn trong v bn ngoi)
cc u ng thng hi t ng c lp trn boong l thin, o chiu dy ca tng tm
y trong phm vi chiu di khu vc hng, k c mp di ca tm hng.
3 Trong trng hp nu kim tra trung gian c bt u ph hp vi cc quy nh 1.1.3-
1(2)(b), th phi tin hnh o chiu dy nh quy nh 5.2.6, cng vo thi im bt u
kim tra cng tt d lp k hoch sa cha. Trong trng hp nu kim tra trung gian
c bt u vo t kim tra hng nm, th phi tin hnh kim tra vi khi lng ti
thiu bng khi lng yu cu ti t kim tra hng nm quy nh Chng 3.
4 Trong trng hp nu kim tra trung gian c bt u vo t kim tra hng nm ln th
hai v c hon thnh vo t kim tra hng nm ln th ba ph hp vi quy nh
1.1.3-1(2)(b), th phi tin hnh kim tra nh quy nh 3.2.2, 3.2.3, 3.2.1 v 3.3.2 vo
lc hon thnh kim tra trung gian. Nu ng kim thy cn thit, theo kt qu kim tra,
vic kim tra c th c m rng bao hm c nhng hng mc khc.
4.1.2 Kim tra tu ch hng hn hp
Vo cc t kim tra trung gian i vi cc tu ch hng hn hp nh tu ch qung/du
v tu ch qung/hng ri/du, vic kim tra phi c tin hnh ph hp vi cc quy
nh lin quan ca Chng ny lu n cc trang thit b ca tu, hnh dng kt cu v
kinh nghim khai thc trong qu kh.
4.2 Kim tra trung gian thn tu, trang thit b, thit b cha chy v ph tng
4.2.1 Kim tra h s v bn v
Vo cc t kim tra trung gian, phi tin hnh kim tra vic kim sot cc h s v bn v
nh quy nh 3.2.1.
4.2.2 Kim tra chung
Vo cc t kim tra trung gian, phi tin hnh kim tra thn tu, trang thit b, thit b cha
chy v ph tng/trng b d tr nh quy nh 3.2.2. Ngoi ra, phi kim tra chung tnh
trng ph tng d tr ca h thng cha chy.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
92
Vo cc t kim tra trung gian, phi th kh nng hot ng nh nu trong Bng 1B/4.1.
4.2.4 Kim tra bn trong cc khoang v kt
1 Vo cc t kim tra trung gian, phi tin hnh kim tra bn trong nh lit k Bng
1B/4.2 v nhng khu vc nghi ng pht hin vo ln kim tra trc. Tuy nhin, ng kim
phi nh gi tnh trng ca lp sn ph trong cc kt dn i vi tu du v tu ch x
ho cht nguy him.
2 Tnh trng lp sn ph c xc nh nh (1) n (3) di y:
(1) Tnh trng lp sn ph c xc nh nh t (a) n (c) sau y:
(a) Tt: l tnh trng nh (i) v (ii) sau y:
(i) Han g dng m khng qu 3% din tch vng ang xt v khng nhn thy
trc sn
(ii) Han g ti cc mp hoc cc ng hn, khng c vt qu 20% din tch
cc mp hoc cc ng hn vng ang xt.
(b) Trung bnh: l tnh trng bt k nh t (i) n (iii) sau y:
(i) Sn b ph hu hoc han g su t 3% n 20% din tch vng ang xt
(ii) Han g nng, han g dng vy chim khng qu 10% din tch vng ang xt
(iii) Han g cc mp hoc ng hn t 20% n 50% din tch cc mp hoc cc
ng hn trong vng ang xt.
(c) Km: l tnh trng bt k nh t (i) n (iii) sau y:
(i) Sn b nt hoc han g vt qu 20% din tch vng ang xt
(ii) Han g nng, han g dng vy vt qu 10% din tch vng ang xt
(iii) Ph hu tp trung ti cc mp hoc ng hn vt qu 50% din tch cc
mp hoc cc ng hn trong vng ang xt.
(2) Thut ng vng ang xt (1) ni trn c gii thch r nh t (a) n (d) di y
trong kt dn. Kt cu bao gm c tm v cc thnh phn kt cu gn km.
(a) Cc tu du khng phi l tu du v kp nh nh ngha 1.3.1-1(12) Phn 1B
(i) Cc vng boong v tn y cng vi kt cu gn km (xt mt vng i vi
boong v mt vng i vi y)
(ii) Cc vng v mn, vch dc v vch ngang (trc v sau) cng vi kt cu
gn km, ti chn, gia v 1/3 u trn cng (xt 3 vng i vi v mn, vch
dc v vch ngang trc v sau).
(b) Cc tu du v kp v tu ch x ho cht nguy him
(i) Cc vng bin kt dn y i v kt cu gn km, ti chn v na trn ca kt
(ii) Cc vng boong kt mn v kp v tn y cng vi kt cu gn km (xt mt
vng i vi boong v mt vng i vi y)
(iii) Cc vng tn v kt mn v kp, vch dc v vch ngang (trc v sau) cng
vi kt cu gn km, ti chn, gia v 1/3 u trn cng (xt 3 vng i vi v
mn, vch dc v vch ngang trc v sau).
(c) i vi cc khoang mt mi
(i) Cc vng bin kt v kt cu gn km, ti chn, gia v 1/3 phn trn cng
ca kt (xt ba vng).
(d) i vi cc khoang mt ui
(i) Cc vng bin kt v kt cu gn km, ti chn v 1/2 phn trn cng ca kt
(xt hai vng).
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
93
(3) Tnh trng lp sn ph ca tng kt dn c xc nh bng tnh trng lp sn ph
km nht trong s cc tnh trng lp sn ph i vi tt c cc vng ang xt nu
(2) ni trn.
Vo cc t kim tra trung gian, phi tin hnh kim tra tip cn nh quy nh trong Bng
1B/4.3.
4.2.6 o chiu dy
Vo cc t kim tra trung gian, phi tin hnh o chiu dy cc chi tit nh quy nh
Bng 1B/4.4 v vng nghi ng c pht hin ln kim tra trc. i vi thit b o v
bin bn o chiu dy, phi p dng c cc quy nh tng ng 5.2.6-1.
4.2.7 Th p lc
1 Vo cc t kim tra trung gian tu du v tu ch x ho cht nguy him, da vo kt
qu kim tra chung nh quy nh 4.4.2, nu ng kim thy cn thit, th phi tin hnh
th p lc h thng ng tha mn yu cu ca ng kim.
4.3 Kim tra trung gian h thng my tu
4.3.1 Kim tra chung
Vo cc t kim tra trung gian h thng my tu, ngoi vic kim tra chung nh quy nh
3.3.1, phi tin hnh kim tra theo quy nh Bng 1B/4.5. i vi cc tu p dng h
thng bo dng phng nga cho h trc ph hp vi quy nh 8.1.3, phi tin hnh kim
tra chung h trc v xem xt li tt c cc d liu theo di tnh trng c sn trn tu
thuc h thng xc nhn rng h thng ny c duy tr tt.
Vo cc t kim tra trung gian h thng my tu, phi tin hnh th kh nng hot ng
nh quy nh 3.3.2.
4.4.1 Quy nh chung
B sung vo cc yu cu 4.2 v 4.3, cc yu cu 4.4 p dng kim tra trung gian
i vi cc tu ch x kh ho lng. ng kim c th xem xt min gim kim tra bn
trong cc khoang hng hoc cc khng gian.
4.4.2 Kim tra
Vo t kim tra trung gian cc tu ch x kh ho lng, phi tin hnh kim tra cc khng
gian, kt cu v trang thit b nh quy nh Bng 1B/4.6 v kim tra b sung nh quy
nh 3.4.2. Vic kim tra c th c m rng bao gm c th hot ng, th vn
hnh, kim tra tip cn v.v nu ng kim thy cn thit.
4.5.1 Quy nh chung
B sung vo cc yu cu 4.2 v 4.3, cc yu cu 4.5 p dng kim tra trung gian
i vi cc tu ch x ho cht nguy him.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
94
4.5.2 Kim tra
Vo t kim tra trung gian cc tu ch x ho cht nguy him, phi tin hnh kim tra cc
khng gian, kt cu v trang thit b nh quy nh Bng 1B/4.7 v kim tra b sung nh
quy nh 3.5.2. Vic kim tra c th c m rng bao gm c th hot ng, th vn
hnh, kim tra tip cn v.v..., nu ng kim thy cn thit.
Bng 1B/4.1 Th kh nng hot ng
TT Hng mc Ni dung th
1
Trang thit b hoc h thng cc
chi tit Bng 1B/3.3 (tr chi
tit 2)
Phi tin hnh th tng hng mc nu Bng 1B/3.3.
2
Cc ca ra vo trn cc vch
kn nc v cc thit b ng
trn cc vch mt ca thng
tng
Kim tra xc nhn cc ca ra vo v thit b ng lm
vic tt.
3
H thng thot nc, thit b
neo, chng buc v ph tng
ca chng
Kim tra xc nhn cc h thng lm vic tt. ng kim
c th xem xt quyt nh vic min kim tra.
4
ho hc kh c nh
Kim tra xc nhn h ng c duy tr trng thi tt
bng cch th cp kh. Kim tra xc nhn sng phun v
vi rng lm vic tt. Kim tra xc nhn h thng iu
khin t xa v van t ng lin quan lm vic tt.
Kim tra lng kh khi ng v/hoc kh to p lc.
5 H thng nc phun sng
Kim tra xc nhn h thng lm vic tt bng cch th
cp nc. C th b qua vic kim tra lng nc cp.
6
Cng cht cha chy bng CO
2
,
Halon v bt ho cht kh
Phi kim tra cht lng cc cng cht ny.
7
H thng cha chy bng CO
2

c nh v h thng cha chy
bng Halon c nh
Kim tra xc nhn h thng ng c duy tr trng
thi tt bng cch th cp kh.
Kim tra xc nhn thit b bo ng ca h thng lm
vic tt.
8
c nh v h thng cha chy
bng bt c n cao c nh
Kim tra xc nhn h thng ng c duy tr trng
thi tt bng cch th cp nc.
9
H thng cha chy bng nc
phun sng p lc cao c nh
Kim tra xc nhn h thng lm vic tt bng cch th
cp nc.
Kim tra xc nhn bm ca h thng lm vic tt.
10 H thng phun nc t ng
Kim tra xc nhn chung bo cp nc v bm lm
vic tt khi h thng pht hin chy ang hot ng.
11
Thit b ng cc l khot lin
quan n vic cha chy trong
khoang hng
Kim tra xc nhn cc thit b ng lm vic tt.
Cc yu cu b sung i vi tu ch hng ri
12
Cc np ming khoang vn
hnh c gii
Kim tra xc nhn cc tm np pha trc 0,25 L
f
v
thm t nht mt tm na lm vic tt. Phng php
kim tra phi sao cho tt c cc tm np trn tu t nht
c kim tra mt ln trong 5 nm, gia cc ln kim tra
nh k.
i vi cc tu trn 10 tui, phi tin hnh kim tra xc
nhn tt c cc np ming khoang lm vic tt.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
95
Bng 1B/4.1 Th kh nng hot ng (tip theo)
T.T Hng mc Ni dung th
13
Cc np ming khoang kn
thi tit
Phi th bng vi rng nh quy nh Bng 1B/2.1
hoc tng ng cho tt c cc np ming khoang i
vi tu trn 10 tui.
14
H thng d mc nc v h
thng bo ng
i vi tu trn 10 tui, phi kim tra xc nhn cc u
d v h thng lm vic tt.
Bng 1B/4.2 Kim tra bn trong cc khoang v kt
Cc yu cu i vi tu hng, tr nhng tu c nu ring di y
1
Bung my v bung ni
hi
Phi tin hnh kim tra bn trong.
2 Kt dn
i vi cc tu trn 5 tui n 10 tui, phi kim tra bn
trong cc kt nc dn i din. Nu thy tnh trng sn
ph km, n mn hoc cc khuyt tt khc hoc khng c
sn ph bo v t khi ch to, th phi m rng kim tra
cho c cc kt dn tng t khc.
i vi cc tu trn 10 tui, phi kim tra bn trong tt c
cc kt nc dn.
Nu khi kim tra khng nhn thy khuyt tt kt cu, th
c th ch cn xc nh rng h thng chng n mn vn
c duy tr.
i vi cc kt dn nu pht hin thy tnh trng sn bo
v km v khng c sn li hoc khng c sn bo v,
tr cc kt y i, th phi kim tra bn trong hng nm.
i vi cc kt dn y i c tnh trng nh trn, nu
ng kim thy cn thit, phi kim tra bn trong hng
nm.

3 Khoang hng
i vi cc tu trn 10 tui, tr nhng tu ch ch hng
kh, phi kim tra bn trong cc khoang hng la chn.
i vi cc tu trn 15 tui, phi kim tra bn trong mt
khoang hng pha trc v mt khoang hng pha sau.
1 Bung my v bung ni
hi
2 Bung bm hng, cc
bung bm khc k vi
khoang hng, bung my
nn hng v hm ng
ng
Phi tin hnh kim tra bn trong sau khi v sinh ton v
thng gi k. Phi lu n h thng m kn kh ca tt
c cc l xuyn vch, h thng thng gi, b v giong
kn ca cc bm v my nn.
3 Kt dn
1) i vi cc tu ch du v ch x ho cht nguy him:
i vi cc tu trn 5 tui n 10 tui, phi kim tra bn trong
cc kt dn i din. i vi cc tu du, tr cc tu du v
kp, phi tin hnh kim tra bn trong tt c cc kt dn.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
96

Nu khi kim tra khng nhn thy khuyt tt kt cu, th c
th ch cn xc nh rng h thng chng n mn vn cn
hiu qu.
Nu pht hin thy tnh trng sn ph km, n mn hoc cc
khuyt tt khc hoc khng c sn bo v t khi ng mi,
th phi m rng kim tra cho c cc kt dn tng t khc.
T kt qu kim tra bn trong, i vi cc kt dn, nu pht
hin thy bt k im no trong cc im nu (a) n (b)
di y th phi kim tra bn trong hng nm.
(a) Lp sn bo v tnh trng xu v khng c sn li
tho mn yu cu ca ng kim
(b) Lp sn bo v khng c t khi ng mi hoc lp sn
bo v ht tc dng, phi tin hnh kim tra m rng
sang cc kt dn khc cng kiu.
2) i vi cc tu ch x kh ho lng:
i vi cc tu trn 5 tui n 10 tui, phi kim tra bn trong
cc kt dn i din.
i vi cc tu trn 10 tui, phi tin hnh kim tra bn trong
tt c cc kt dn.
Nu khi kim tra khng nhn thy khuyt tt kt cu, th c
th ch cn xc nh rng h thng chng n mn vn cn
hiu qu.
i vi cc kt dn, nu pht hin thy lp sn bo v
tnh trng km m khng c sn li hoc khng c sn
bo v, tr cc kt y i, th phi tin hnh kim tra bn
trong hng nm. i vi cc kt dn y i c tnh trng
nh trn, nu ng kim thy cn thit, th phi tin hnh
kim tra bn trong hng nm.
Cc yu cu i vi tu hng ri
1
Bung my v bung
ni hi
2 Kt dn
i vi nhng tu trn 5 tui n 10 tui, phi kim tra bn
trong cc kt dn i din v cc kt dn/hng hn hp (nu
c). Nu thy tnh trng sn ph km, n mn hoc cc
khuyt tt khc trong kt dn hoc khng c sn bo v t
khi ch to, phi kim tra m rng cho c cc kt dn tng
t khc.
Nu khi kim tra khng nhn thy khuyt tt kt cu, th ch
cn xc nh rng h thng chng n mn vn cn hiu qu.
i vi cc kt dn, nu pht hin thy lp sn bo v
trong tnh trng km m khng c sn li hoc khng c
sn bo v, tr cc kt y i, th phi tin hnh kim tra
bn trong hng nm. i vi cc kt dn y i c tnh trng
nh trn, nu ng kim thy cn thit, th phi tin hnh
kim tra bn trong hng nm.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
97
3 Khoang hng
i vi nhng tu trn 5 tui, phi tin hnh kim tra bn
trong tt c cc khoang hng.
Cc yu cu i vi tu hng kh tng hp c GT bng v ln hn 500
1
Bung my v bung ni
hi
2 Kt dn

Tng t nh quy nh i vi tu ch hng.

3 Khoang hng
i vi cc tu hng kh tng hp trn 5 tui n 10 tui,
phi tin hnh kim tra bn trong mt khoang hng mi,
mt khoang hng ui (i vi tu ch g: kim tra tt c
cc khoang hng) v cc khng gian ni boong lin quan.
i vi cc tu hng kh tng hp trn 10 tui, phi tin
hnh kim tra bn trong tt c cc khoang hng v cc
khng gian ni boong lin quan.
Ch thch:
T Cc kt dn i din c ngha l cc kt dn bao gm ti thiu kt mi, kt ui v hai kt
su trong phm vi chiu di khu vc hng (i vi tu hng ri v kp: ba kt).
Bng 1B/4.3 Kim tra tip cn
Cc yu cu i vi tu ch x kh ho lng
1 Kt dn
i vi cc tu trn 10 tui n 15 tui, phi tin hnh kim
tra tip cn cc b phn sau y:
(1) Tt c cc sn kho
(*1)
v c hai vch ngang
(2)
trong
kt dn i din;
(2) Phn trn ca mt sn kho v mt vch ngang
(2)

trong mt kt dn i din khc
i vi cc tu trn 15 tui, phi tin hnh kim tra tip cn
tt c cc sn kho
(1)
v c hai vch ngang
(2)
trong 2 kt
dn i din.
Bt k cc quy nh trn, i vi cc tu c kt hng c lp
kiu C, c tit din ngang gia tu tng t nh tit din
ngang ca tu hng kh tng hp, phm vi kim tra tip cn
c th c ng kim xem xt quyt nh c bit.
(3)

1
Np ming khoang v
thnh ming khoang
Phi tin hnh kim tra tip cn tt c cc tm np, tm
thnh ming khoang v cc np gia cng ca chng.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
98
Bng 1B/4.3 Kim tra tip cn (tip theo)
Cc thnh phn kt cu trong
khoang hng:
1. Cc sn khoang, bao
gm c cc lin kt mt
u, chn sn v tn bao
lin k
i vi cc tu trn 5 tui, phi tin hnh kim tra tip
cn phm vi tho ng, ti thiu l 25% s sn
xc nhn tnh trng ca cc sn mn, k c cc lin
kt 2 mt sn v tn v lin k, trong khoang hng
mi v 1 khoang hng c chn khc. Khi kim tra
bn trong v kim tra tip cn nh trn, nu ng kim
thy cn thit, th phi kim tra tip cn tt c cc
sn v tn bao lin k ca khoang hng v kim
tra tip cn phm vi tho ng, ti thiu l 25% s
sn ca tt c cc khoang hng cn li.

2. Cc vch ngang
i vi cc tu trn 5 tui, phi tin hnh kim tra tip
cn xc nhn tnh trng ca cc vch ngang trong
khoang hng mi v mt khoang khc c chn.

2
3. Cc thnh phn kt cu
khc
Da vo kt qu kim tra bn trong theo quy nh
Bng 1B/4.2, phi tin hnh kim tra tip cn cc thnh
phn kt cu khc, nu ng kim thy cn thit.
1
Np ming khoang v thnh
quy ming khoang
Phi tin hnh kim tra tip cn tt c cc tm tn np
ming khoang v tn thnh ming khoang cng vi
cc np gia cng ca chng.
2
khoang hng
Khi kim tra bn trong theo quy nh Bng 1B/4.2,
nu ng kim thy cn thit, th phi tin hnh kim
tra tip cn.
1
Np ming khoang v thnh
ming khoang
Phi tin hnh kim tra tip cn tt c cc tm tn np
ming khoang v tn thnh ming khoang cng vi
cc np gia cng ca chng.
2
khoang hng
1.Vng chn sn v m mt
chn sn
2.Vng chn cc vch ngang
3.Vng chn (nm trn tn
y trong) cc ng xuyn
sut khoang hng, nh ng
thng hi, ng o v.v...

i vi cc tu ch g trn 5 tui, phi tin hnh kim
tra tip cn cc kt cu nh lit k ct bn tri trong
tt c cc khoang hng.

Ch thch:
(1)
Gm c cc thnh phn kt cu lin k vi thanh ging ngang v/hoc cc khung sn
ngang kho cng nh tn v, vch dc, vc np gia cng dc v cc m.
(2)
Gm cc sng nm, sng ng, cc thnh phn kt cu v cc kt cu vch dc lin k.
(3)
i vi tu hng ri b tr cc khoang hng kt hp, v d c 1 s khoang hng v mn
n v 1 s khoang khc c v mn kp, th cc yu cu i vi cc tu hng ri v kp
phi c p dng cho cc khoang hng v mn kp v cc khng gian mn lin quan.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
99
Bng 1B/4.4 o chiu dy
Cc yu cu i vi tu hng trn 5 tui, tr nhng tu c nu ring di y
1
Cc thnh phn kt cu
trong kt dn
T kt qu kim tra nh quy nh trong Bng 1B/4.2,
nu ng kim thy cn thit, th phi tin hnh o chiu
dy vi mc do ng kim quyt nh, ti nhng v tr
c tnh trng sn ph km, n mn hoc cc khuyt tt
khc trong kt dn hoc khng c lp sn bo v t khi
ch to.
Nu pht hin thy c n mn ng k, phi tin hnh
o b sung chiu dy nh quy nh 5.2.6-2.
Cc yu cu i vi tu ch du, ch x ho cht nguy him v ch x kh ho lng
1
Cc ng du hng, du t,
ng dn, ng thng hi, k
c cc tr thng hi v ng
gp, cc ng kh tr v tt
c cc ng ng khc
trong bung bm hng,
bung my nn v trn
boong thi tit
T kt qu kim tra nh quy nh 4.2.2, nu ng
kim thy cn thit, th phi tin hnh o chiu dy.

2
Cc thnh phn kt cu
trong kt dn (i vi cc
tu trn 5 tui)
T kt qu kim tra nh quy nh Bng 1B/4.2, nu
ng kim thy cn thit, phi o chiu dy vi mc
do ng kim quyt nh ti nhng v tr c tnh trng
sn ph km, n mn hoc cc khuyt tt khc trong kt
dn hoc khng c sn bo v t khi ch to.
Nu kt qu ca t o chiu dy ny th hin mc
n mn ng k, th phi tng phm vi o chiu dy nh
quy nh 5.2.6-3.
3
Cc thnh phn kt cu
trong cc khoang hng

i vi cc tu trn 5 tui (tr tu ch x kh ho lng),
nu kt qu t o chiu dy theo quy nh 4.2.6 th
hin mc n mn ng k, th phi tng phm vi o
chiu dy nh quy nh 5.2.6-3.
Cc yu cu i vi tu ch hng ri trn 5 tui
1
Cc thnh phn kt cu
trong kt dn
nu ng kim thy cn thit, phi o chiu dy vi mc
m ng kim thy tho mn, ti nhng v tr c tnh
trng sn ph km, n mn hoc cc khuyt tt khc
trong kt dn hoc khng c sn bo v t khi ng
mi.
Nu kt qu ca t o chiu dy ny th hin mc
n mn ng k, th phi tng phm vi o chiu dy nh
quy nh 5.2.6-4.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
100
Bng 1B/4.4 o chiu dy (tip theo)
2
Cc np ming khoang v
thnh ming khoang
T kt qu kim tra tip cn cc tu hng ri nh quy
nh Bng 1B/4.3, nu ng kim thy cn thit, th
phi tin hnh o chiu dy theo quy nh ca ng kim.
Nu kt qu o th hin mc n mn ng k, th phi
tng phm vi o chiu dy nh quy nh 5.2.6-4.
3
Cc thnh phn kt cu
trong khoang hng
Phi tin hnh o chiu dy n mc xc nh c
c n mn cc b v n mn chung ti vng phi kim
tra tip cn.
C th min o chiu dy, nu t kt qu kim tra tip
cn ng kim thy rng khng c s suy gim kt cu
v sn bo v (nu c) vn cn hiu qu.
Nu kt qu t o chiu dy th hin mc n mn
ng k, th phi tng phm vi o chiu dy ln nh quy
nh 5.2.6-4.
1
Cc thnh phn kt cu
trong kt dn
nu ng kim thy cn thit, phi o chiu dy vi
mc do ng kim quyt nh ti nhng v tr c tnh
trng sn ph km, n mn hoc cc khuyt tt khc
trong kt dn hoc khng c sn bo v t khi ch to.
Nu kt qu o chiu dy th hin mc n mn ng
k, th phi tng phm vi o chiu dy nh quy nh
5.2.6-5.
2
Cc np ming khoang v
thnh ming khoang
T kt qu kim tra tip cn nh quy nh Bng
1B/4.3, nu ng kim thy cn thit, th phi tin hnh
o chiu dy n mc tho mn yu cu ca ng
kim. Nu thy b n mn ng k th phi o chiu dy
b sung nh quy nh 5.2.6-5.
3
Cc thnh phn kt cu
trong khoang hng
1.i vi cc tu ch g trn 5 tui:
Phi o chiu dy ca cc kt cu cn phi kim tra tip
cn trong tt c cc khoang hng vi mc nh t
kim tra nh k ln trc.
C th min o chiu dy nu t kt qu kim tra tip
cn, ng kim thy rng khng c s suy gim kt cu
v sn bo v (nu c) vn cn hiu qu.
2.i vi cc tu hng kh tng hp trn 10 tui (tr tu
ch g):
T kt qu kim tra bn trong nh quy nh Bng
1B/4.2, nu ng kim thy cn thit, th phi tin hnh
o chiu dy n mc tho mn yu cu ca ng
kim. Nu thy b n mn ng k th phi o chiu dy
b sung nh quy nh 5.2.6-5.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
101
Bng 1B/4.5 Cc yu cu b sung i vi kim tra trung gian
1 Thit b lm lnh
Kim tra r r cht lnh trong khi my trng thi hot
ng v phi tin hnh kim tra tnh trng chung ca thit
b an ton.
Cc yu cu i vi tu du
1 Ni mt
Phi kim tra bng mt thng ni mt gia cc khoang
du hng/h thng ng ng hng (cc ng du hng,
ng thng gi cc ng ng ra khoang/kt v.v...) vi
cc kt cu thn tu, cng tip cn cng tt.
2
Trang b in trong vng
nguy him
Phi kim tra chi tit trang b in trong cc vng nguy
him v kim tra xc nhn cc yu cu 4.2.7, Phn 4.
Ngoi ra phi phi o cch in ca chng v xc
nhn chng tnh trng tt. Tuy nhin, ng kim c th
xem xt min o cch in, nu cch in c
xc nhn bng cc bin bn o hin thi.
Phi tin hnh th hot ng cc thit b kho lin ng
lin quan n cc trang b in kiu c v bo v c
nn p sut d v thit b in lp t trong khu vc c
p sut d hoc c thng gi.
Bng 1B/4.6 Cc yu cu c bit i vi tu ch x kh ho lng
1
ng ng ca thit b
pht hin kh c nh
Phi tin hnh kim tra chung.
2
Cc van gim p c mng
phi kim loi
Nu cc khoang hng c lp cc van gim p c
mng phi kim loi trong cc van chnh hoc van ph, th
phi kim tra xc nhn rng cc mng phi kim loi
vn c duy tr trng thi tt.
3
nguy him
Phi tin hnh kim tra nh quy nh hng mc 2 ca
Bng 1B/4.5.
4 Ni mt
Phi kim tra ni mt gia cc kt du hng/h thng
ng ng hng (ng du hng, ng thng gi v.v...) vi
cc kt cu thn tu, bng mt thng, cng tip cn
cng tt.
5 H thng thu gom hng r r
Phi tin hnh th hot ng h thng thu gom hng r
r trong cc khng gian cha hng v cc khoang hng.
6
H thng dp chy trong
cc khng gian kn c kh
c hi
Cc ng ng c nh phi c th bng kh. Phi
tin hnh th hot ng h thng bo ng i vi li
thot nn.
7 Bo v con ngi
Nu trang b cc my nn kh cho thit b an ton, th
phi tin hnh th hot ng cc my nn kh .

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
102
Bng 1B/4.7 Cc yu cu c bit i vi tu ch x ho cht nguy him
1
nguy him
Phi tin hnh kim tra nh quy nh hng mc 2 ca
Bng 1B/4.5.
2 Ni mt
Phi kim tra ni mt gia cc kt du hng/h thng
ng ng hng (ng hng, ng thng gi v.v...) vi
cc kt cu thn tu, bng mt thng, cng tip cn
cng tt.
3
H thng dp chy trong cc
khng gian kn c kh c hi
Cc ng ng c nh phi c th bng kh. Phi
tin hnh th hot ng h thng bo ng i vi li
thot nn.
4 Bo v con ngi
Nu trang b cc my nn kh cho thit b an ton, th phi
tin hnh th hot ng cc my nn kh .

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
103
CHNG 5 KIM TRA NH K
5.1 Quy nh chung
5.1.1 Vic kim tra c thc hin vo lc bt u hoc kt thc kim tra nh k
1 Trong trng hp nu kim tra nh k c bt u ph hp vi cc quy nh 1.1.3-
1(3)(b) hoc (c), th phi tin hnh o chiu dy nh quy nh 5.2.6 cng vo thi im
bt u kim tra cng tt, thun tin cho vic lp k hoch sa cha. Trong trng hp
nu kim tra nh k c bt u vo ng hoc trc thi hn kim tra hng nm ln
th t, th phi tin hnh kim tra hng nm nh quy nh Chng 3 Phn ny.
2 Trong trng hp nu kim tra nh k c kt thc ph hp vi cc quy nh 1.1.3-
1(3)(b) hoc (c), th phi tin hnh kim tra nh quy nh 3.2.2, 3.2.3, 3.3.1 v 3.3.2 ti
thiu l vo khi kt thc t kim tra nh k. Da vo kt qu kim tra, nu ng kim
thy cn thit, th c th m rng phm vi kim tra bao gm c nhng hng mc
c thc hin.
5.1.2 Kim tra cc tu ch hng hn hp
Vo cc t kim tra nh k i vi cc tu ch hng hn hp nh tu ch qung/du v
tu ch qung/hng ri/du, phi tin hnh kim tra ph hp vi cc yu cu lin quan ca
Chng ny, cn quan tm xem xt trang thit b ca tu, hnh dng kt cu v kinh
nghim khai thc trong qu kh.
5.2 Kim tra nh k thn tu, trang thit b, thit b cha chy v ph tng
5.2.1 Kim tra cc h s v bn v
Vo cc t kim tra nh k, phi kim tra vic kim sot cc h s bn v nh quy nh
3.2.1.
5.2.2 Kim tra chung
1 Vo cc t kim tra nh k, phi tin hnh kim tra k cng ton b h thng ng ht kh
v dn cng vi thn tu, trang thit b, thit b cha chy v ph tng nh quy nh
4.2.2. Cc u ng thng hi t ng t trn boong h phi c kim tra cn thn.
2 Vo cc t kim tra nh k tu ch du v tu ch x ho cht nguy him, ngoi cc yu
cu -1, phi kim tra h thng ng hng, ng thng hi, ng ty kh, ng thot kh, ng
kh tr v cc h thng ng khc trn boong thi tit, bn trong tt c cc khoang hng, tt
c cc kt v khng gian tip gip vi cc khoang hng nh bung bm, hm ng, khoang
cch ly, khoang trng v cc khng gian trn boong thi tit.
3 Vo cc t kim tra nh k tu ch x kh ho lng, ngoi cc yu cu -1, phi kim tra
cc ng hng, ng thng hi, ng ty kh, ng thng gi, ng kh tr v ton b h thng
ng khc trong vng khoang hng, tt c cc kt dn, tt c cc kt v khng gian tip gip
khoang hng nh bung bm, bung my nn, hm ng, khoang cch ly, khoang trng v
cc khng gian trn boong thi tit.
4 Vo cc t kim tra nh k tu ch hng ri v ch hng kh tng hp c tng dung tch
bng v ln hn 500, ngoi cc yu cu -1, phi kim tra tt c h thng ng ng
trong vng khoang hng, tt c cc kt dn, tt c cc kt v khng gian tip gip khoang
hng nh, hm ng, khoang cch ly, khoang trng v cc khng gian trn boong thi tit.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
104
5.2.3 Th hot ng
1 Vo cc t kim tra nh k, phi tin hnh th hot ng nh quy nh 4.2.3, ngoi ra,
phi th hot ng m bo rng my tnh kim sot xp ti yu cu Chng 32,
Phn 2A ca Quy chun lm vic tt. Khi p dng cc yu cu i vi vic Th hot ng
nh quy nh 4.2.3, khng cho php b qua vic Th hot ng thit b neo v chng
buc nh quy nh mc 3 trong Bng 1B/4.1.
2 Ngoi vic quy nh -1 ni trn, phi tin hnh th hot ng v th vn hnh nh quy nh
t (1) n (7) sau y:
(1) Th vn hnh i vi tt c cc np ming khoang dn ng bng c kh;
(2) Th bng vi rng nh lit k Bng 1B/2.1 hoc tng ng i vi tt c cc np
y kn thi tit;
(3) Th hot ng v th vn hnh i vi tt c h thng bm nc dn v ht kh;
(4) i vi cc tu ch du v tu ch x ho cht nguy him, phi th hot ng v th
vn hnh cc h thng bm hng v bm nc dn trong phm vi tt c cc khoang
hng, tt c cc kt dn v tt c cc kt, cc khng gian tip gip vi cc khoang
hng nh cc bung bm, hm ng, khoang cch ly, khoang trng v cc khng gian
trn boong thi tit;
(5) i vi cc tu ch x kh ho lng, phi th hot ng v th vn hnh cc h thng
bm hng v bm nc dn trong phm vi tt c cc khoang hng, tt c cc kt dn
v tt c cc kt, cc khng gian tip gip vi cc khoang hng nh cc bung bm,
bung my nn hng, hm ng, khoang cch ly, khoang trng v cc khng gian trn
boong thi tit;
(6) i vi cc tu ch hng ri v ch hng kh tng hp c tng dung tch bng v ln
hn 500, phi th hot ng v th vn hnh cc h thng bm trong phm vi cc
khoang hng, tt c cc kt dn v tt c cc kt, cc khng gian tip gip vi cc
khoang hng nh hm ng, khoang cch ly, khoang trng, cc khng gian tng t
khc v cc khng gian trn boong thi tit;
(7) Th hot ng lit k mc 1 trong Bng 1B/4.1, i vi tt c cc h thng bo ng
v d mc nc.
3 Nu ng kim thy cn thit, c th yu cu th nghing v lp li bn thng bo n nh.
5.2.4 Kim tra bn trong cc khoang v cc kt
1 Vo cc t kim tra nh k, phi tin hnh kim tra k cc kt cu v cc ph tng nh
ng ng v.v... trong cc khoang v kt, c lu c bit ti cc hng mc t (1) n (7)
di y:
(1) Cc thnh phn kt cu, ng ng, np ming khoang v.v... d b n mn trong
cc khoang cha hng c n mn thp cao nh g sc, mui, than v qung sun
phua v.v...
(2) Nhng v tr d b mn do nhit nh tm thp di ni hi;
(3) Cc khu vc ngt qung v kt cu nh cc gc ca l khot ming khoang hng, cc
l khot bao gm cc ca hp l, cc ca lm hng v.v... trn v tu;
(4) Tnh trng sn ph v h thng chng n mn, nu c;
(5) Tnh trng ca cc tm lt di cc ng o;
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
105
(6) Tnh trng ca xi mng hoc lp ph mt boong, nu c;
(7) Cc v tr pht hin ra cc khuyt tt nh nt, cong vnh, n mn v.v cc tu
tng t hoc cc kt cu tng t.
2 Vo cc t kim tra nh k, phi tin hnh kim tra bn trong cc kt v khoang nh quy
nh Bng 1B/5.1 c lu n -1 trn. Trong trng hp c php hon kim tra
nh k ph hp vi cc yu cu 1.1.5, loi kim tra nh k p dng cho tu phi c
xc nh da trn ngy ht hn gc ca Giy chng nhn phn cp tu.
3 Vo cc t kim tra nh k cc tu ch du v tu ch x ho cht nguy him, ngoi -1
v - 2 ni trn, phi tin hnh kim tra bn trong cc khoang v kt nh quy nh Bng
1B/5.2. Phi tin hnh kim tra cc kt v khng gian c coi l nhng Khu vc nghi ng
ln kim tra trc. ng kim phi xc nh r tnh trng lp sn ph trong cc kt dn
i vi tu ch du v tu ch x ho cht nguy him. Tuy nhin, i vi cc tu ch x
ho cht nguy him, nu c ng kim chp thun, c th min kim tra bn trong cc
kt bng thp khng g.
4 Vo cc t kim tra nh k cc tu ch x kh ho lng, ngoi cc yu cu -1 v -2
trn, phi tin hnh kim tra bn trong cc kt v khng gian nh quy nh Bng 1B/5.2.
5 Vo cc t kim tra nh k cc tu ch hng ri, ngoi cc yu cu -1 v -2 trn, phi
tin hnh kim tra bn trong cc khoang v kt nh quy nh Bng 1B/5.3. Phi tin hnh
kim tra cc kt v khng gian c coi l nhng Khu vc nghi ng ln kim tra trc.
6 Vo cc t kim tra nh k cc tu ch hng kh tng hp c tng dung tch bng v ln
hn 500, ngoi cc yu cu -1 v -2 trn, phi tin hnh kim tra bn trong cc khoang
v kt nh quy nh Bng 1B/5.4.
1 Vo cc t kim tra nh k, phi tin hnh kim tra tip cn cc b phn nu (1) n
(3) di y:
(1) Vng chn ca cc sn v, gi thnh kt v vng chn cc vch ngang;
(2) Vng chn ca cc ng thng hi, ng o pha trn y i v.v...;
(3) Tt c cc tm tn ca np ming khoang v thnh ming khoang.
2 Vo cc t kim tra nh k tu ch du v tu ch x ho cht nguy nguy him, bt k
quy nh -1 ni trn, phi tin hnh kim tra tip cn cc thnh phn kt cu v nhng chi
tit nh quy nh Bng 1B/5.5-1.
3 Vo cc t kim tra nh k tu ch x kh ho, bt k quy nh -1 ni trn, phi tin
hnh kim tra tip cn cc thnh phn kt cu v nhng chi tit nh quy nh Bng
1B/5.5-2.
4 Vo cc t kim tra nh k tu ch hng ri, ngoi cc quy nh -1 ni trn, phi tin
hnh kim tra tip cn cc thnh phn kt cu v cc chi tit nh quy nh Bng 1B/5.6-
1. i vi tu ch qung, phi kim tra tip cn cc thnh phn kt cu ph hp vi cc
yu cu i vi cc hng mc nu trong Bng 1B/5.6-2 thay cho cc hng mc trong Bng
1B/5.6-1.
5 Vo cc t kim tra nh k tu ch hng kh tng hp c tng dung tch bng v ln hn
500, ngoi quy nh -1 ni trn, phi tin hnh kim tra tip cn cc thnh phn kt cu
v nhng chi tit nh quy nh Bng 1B/5.7.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
106
5.2.6 o chiu dy
1 Vo cc t kim tra nh k, phi o chiu dy ph hp vi cc yu cu t (1) n (5)
di y:
(1) Phi tin hnh o chiu dy bng vic s dng cc my siu m thch hp hoc cc
phng tin c chp nhn khc. Phi chng minh chnh xc ca thit b o theo
yu cu ca ng kim;
(2) Vic o chiu dy phi c thc hin trong phm vi 12 thng trc khi hon thnh
vic kim tra (di s quan st ca ng kim vin) bi n v c ng kim cng
nhn, theo Quy nh v vic cng nhn cc nh cung cp dch v v nh ch to
hoc hng tng ng. ng kim c th kim tra li vic o, nu thy cn thit
m bo chnh xc chp nhn c;
(3) Phi tin hnh o chiu dy m rng trc khi vic kim tra c coi l kt thc;
(4) Phi chun b bin bn o chiu dy v trnh cho ng kim;
(5) Vic o chiu dy cc thnh phn kt cu trong khu vc phi kim tra tip cn, c
tin hnh ng thi vi kim tra tip cn.
2 Vo cc t kim tra nh k, phi tin hnh o chiu dy nh quy nh -1 ni trn i vi
cc thnh phn kt cu v cc chi tit nu trong Bng 1B/5.8. Nu qua kt qu o chiu
dy pht hin thy n mn nhiu, th vic o chiu dy phi c m rng n mi thnh
phn kt cu nu trong Bng 1B/5.9, trong cc tiu mc tng ng vi cc thnh phn
b n mn nhiu.
3 Vo cc t kim tra nh k cc tu ch du v tu ch x ho cht nguy him, bt k quy
nh -2 ni trn, phi o chiu dy cc thnh phn kt cu v cc chi tit nh nu trong
Bng 1B/5.10-1 v cc kt, cc khng gian c coi l nhng Khu vc nghi ng ln kim
tra trc ph hp vi -1 ni trn. Kt cu thn tu v ng ng bng thp khng g, tr
thp m c th c min o chiu dy, nu c ng kim chp nhn. Nu qua kt qu
o chiu dy pht hin thy n mn ln, th vic o chiu dy phi c m rng n tt
c cc kt cu nu trong cc bng t Bng 1B/5.11 n 1B/5.14, trong cc tiu mc
tng ng vi cc thnh phn b mn ng k.
4 Vo cc t kim tra nh k tu ch x kh ho lng, bt k quy nh -2 ni trn, phi
tin hnh o chiu dy i vi cc thnh phn kt cu v cc chi tit nh quy nh Bng
1B/5.10-2, ph hp vi -1 ni trn. Nu qua kt qu o chiu dy pht hin thy n mn
nhiu, th vic o chiu dy phi c m rng n tt c cc thnh phn kt cu nu
trong Bng 1B/5.9, trong cc tiu mc tng ng vi cc thnh phn b n mn nhiu.
i vi cc tu c cc kt c lp kiu C, c tit din ngang gia tu tng t vi tit din
ngang gia tu ca tu ch hng kh tng hp, phi m rng phm vi o chiu dy bao
hm c tm nc kt, theo quyt nh trc tip ca ng kim vin hin trng.
5 Vo cc t kim tra nh k tu ch hng ri, bt k quy nh -2 ni trn, phi tin hnh
o chiu dy nh quy nh -1 i vi cc thnh phn kt cu, cc chi tit nh nu Bng
1B/5.15 v cc kt, cc khng gian c coi l Khu vc nghi ng ln kim tra trc. Nu
qua kt qu o chiu dy pht hin thy n mn nhiu, th vic o chiu dy phi c m
rng n tt c cc thnh phn kt cu nu trong cc Bng 1B/5.16 n 1B/5.20, trong
cc tiu mc tng ng vi cc thnh phn b n mn nhiu.
6 Vo cc t kim tra nh k tu ch hng kh tng hp c tng dung tch bng v ln hn
500, bt k quy nh -2 ni trn, phi tin hnh o chiu dy nh quy nh -1 i vi
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
107
cc thnh phn kt cu v cc chi tit nh nu Bng 1B/5.21. Nu qua kt qu o chiu
dy pht hin thy n mn nhiu, th vic o chiu dy phi c m rng n tt c cc
kt cu nu trong cc Bng 1B/5.9, trong cc tiu mc tng ng vi cc thnh
phn b n mn nhiu.
7 Phi nh gi bn dc ca tu da vo chiu dy ca cc thnh phn kt cu o c
cc mt ct ngang quy nh trong cc Bng 1B/5.8, Bng 1B/5.10, Bng 1B/5.15 v
1B/5.21.
5.2.7 Th p lc
1 Vo cc t kim tra nh k, phi tin hnh th p lc cc kt theo quy nh t (1) n (3)
di y:
(1) Phi tin hnh th p lc vi p sut nh quy nh sau:
(a) i vi kt: p sut tng ng vi ct p ln nht m kt c th phi chu trong
qu trnh khai thc
(b) i vi ng ng: p sut lm vic.
(2) Vic th p lc cc kt c th c thc hin khi tu trng thi ni, nu vic kim tra
bn trong ca y kt cng c thc hin trng thi ni;
(3) Vo cc t kim tra nh k cc tu c nhiu kt nc v kt du, nu ng kim
thy vic th l khng cn thit, c th min th p lc mt s kt nc hoc du, sau
khi xem xt tnh trng hin ti ca tu, tui tu v khong thi gian t t th trc.
2 Vo cc t kim tra nh k tu hng, phi tin hnh th p lc theo quy nh -1 ni trn
i vi tt c cc kt nu trong Bng 1B/5.22. C th min th bt k kt y i v
khoang kn nc no khng c thit k ch hng lng, vi iu kin l n c tin
hnh kim tra bn trong/hoc bn ngoi tho mn.
3 Vo cc t kim tra nh k tu ch du v tu ch x ho cht nguy him, bt k quy
nh -2 ni trn, phi tin hnh th p lc cc kt nu trong Bng 1B/5.23-1.
4 Vo cc t kim tra nh k tu ch x kh ho lng, bt k quy nh -2 ni trn, phi
tin hnh th p lc cc kt nu trong Bng 1B/5.23-2.
5 Vo cc t kim tra nh k tu ch hng ri v tu ch hng kh tng hp c tng dung
tch bng v ln hn 500, bt k quy nh -2 ni trn, phi th p lc theo quy nh -1
i vi cc kt nu Bng 1B/5.24.
5.3 Kim tra nh k h thng my tu
5.3.1 Kim tra chung
Vo cc t kim tra nh k h thng my tu, ngoi vic kim tra chung nh quy nh
3.3.1, phi tin hnh kim tra theo quy nh Bng 1B/5.25. i vi mi tu khi chp nhn
h thng bo dng phng nga i vi h trc y ph hp vi cc yu cu 8.1.3, phi
tin hnh kim tra chung h thng trc v xem xt li tt c cc d liu theo di trng thi
c sn trn tu thuc h thng xc nhn rng h thng c duy tr tt.
5.3.2 Th hot ng v th p lc
Vo cc t kim tra nh k h thng my tu, ngoi vic th hot ng nh quy nh
3.3.2, phi tin hnh th hot ng theo quy nh Bng 1B/5.26.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
108
5.4.1 Quy nh chung
Ngoi quy nh 5.2 v 5.3, quy nh 5.4 p dng cho vic kim tra nh k tu ch x kh
ho lng.
5.4.2 Kim tra
Vo cc t kim tra nh k cc tu ch x kh ho lng, phi tin hnh kim tra theo quy
nh 4.4.2 v kim tra cc khng gian, kt cu v trang thit b nh quy nh Bng
1B/5.27.
Bng 1B/5.1 Kim tra bn trong cc kt v khoang
Kim tra nh k Cc khoang, kt phi kim tra Lu trong kim tra
Kim tra nh k
cc tu n 5 tui
(Kim tra nh k
ln 1)
Cc khoang hng
Khoang cch ly
Cc kt dn
Cc kt mi v ui
Cc khoang hng (khng phi
khoang hng ca tu ch du,
tu ch x kh ho lng v tu
ch x ho cht nguy him)
Bung my v cc khoang khc
i vi cc kt dn (tr cc kt y
i) nu pht hin thy sn bo v
tnh trng km v khng c sn li
hoc khng c sn bo v t trc,
phi tin hnh kim tra bn trong
hng nm. i vi cc kt dn y
i c tnh trng nh nu trn, nu
ng kim thy cn thit, phi tin
hnh kim tra bn trong hng nm.
Kim tra nh k
cc tu trn 5 tui
n 10 tui
(Kim tra nh k
ln 2)
Cc khoang v kt phi kim tra
ti t kim tra nh k ln 1
Cc kt nc ngt
Cc kt du t trong vng
cha hng ca tu du hoc
cc tu khc
Nu cc kt nc ngt v kt du t
c kim tra bn ngoi v ng
kim xc nhn tnh trng tt, th
phm vi kim tra bn trong c th
c gim n mt kt c la
chn ring. Bt k quy nh trn, vo
cc t kim tra nh k phi kim tra
bn trong cc kt mi v ui.
Kim tra nh k
cc tu trn 10
tui n 15 tui
(Kim tra nh k
ln 3 )

Cc khoang, kt phi kim tra
vo t kim tra nh k ln 2
Cc kt du t
i vi cc kt du t:
(1) Nu cc kt du t trong vng
cha hng ca tu du hoc ca cc
tu khc c kim tra bn ngoi v
ng kim xc nhn tnh trng tt,
th phm vi kim tra bn trong c th
c gim n hai kt c la
chn. Trong trng hp nu c cc
kt su cha du t, th phi chn
mt kt hoc nhiu hn kim tra
bn trong.
(2) Nu cc kt du t khc vi cc
kt nu (1) c kim tra bn
ngoi v ng kim xc nhn tnh
trng tt, th phm vi kim tra bn
trong c th c gim n mt kt
c la chn trong s cc kt
bung my. Bt k quy nh trn, vo
cc t kim tra nh k phi kim tra
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
109
Bng 1B/5.1 Kim tra bn trong cc kt v khoang (tip theo)
Kim tra nh k
Cc khoang, kt phi
kim tra
Lu trong kim tra
Kim tra nh k cc
tu trn 15 tui (Kim
tra nh k ln 4 v
cc ln tip theo)
Cc khoang, kt phi
kim tra vo t kim
tra nh k ln 3
Cc kt du bi trn
i vi cc kt du t:
(1) Nu cc kt du t trong vng cha
hng ca tu du hoc ca cc tu khc
c kim tra bn ngoi v ng kim xc
nhn tnh trng tt, th phm vi kim tra
bn trong c th c gim n cn mt
na s kt c chn, nhng khng t hn
hai kt. Trong trng hp nu c cc kt
su cha du t, th phi chn mt kt
hoc nhiu hn kim tra bn trong.
(2) Nu cc kt du t khc vi cc kt
nu (1) c kim tra bn ngoi v
ng kim xc nhn tnh trng tt, th
phm vi kim tra bn trong c th c
gim n mt kt c la chn trong s
cc kt bung my. Bt k quy nh trn,
vo cc t kim tra nh k phi kim tra
Nu cc kt du bi trn c kim tra
bn ngoi v ng kim xc nhn tnh
trng tt, th phm vi kim tra bn trong c
th c gim n mt kt c la chn.
Bt k quy nh trn, vo cc t kim tra
nh k phi kim tra bn trong cc kt mi
v ui.

5.5.1 Quy nh chung
Ngoi cc quy nh 5.2 v 5.3, quy nh 5.5 p dng cho vic kim tra nh k i vi cc
tu ch x ho cht nguy him.
5.5.2 Kim tra
Vo cc t kim tra nh k cc tu ch x ho cht nguy him, phi tin hnh kim tra
theo quy nh 4.5.2 v kim tra cc khng gian, kt cu v trang thit b nh quy nh
Bng 1B/5.28.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
110
Bng 1B/5.2 Nhng yu cu b sung kim tra bn trong i vi
cc tu ch du v tu ch x ho cht nguy him
Kim tra
nh k
Cc khoang, kt phi kim tra Lu trong kim tra
1 Tt c cc khoang hng
(ngoi tr cc khoang hng
tu ch x kh ho lng)
i vi cc tu ch du, phi kim tra k cc
kt dn/hng hn hp (nu c), phi lu c
bit n lch s dn v mc ca h thng
chng n mn c trang b.
i vi cc tu ch du, phi kim tra tnh
trng ca mt trong tn y kt m bo
chc chn rng tn y khng b r mn qu
mc.
i vi cc tu ch du, nu ng kim thy
cn thit, phi tho cc ming loe ca ng ht
hng c th kim tra tn y ca kt v cc
vch vng ln cn.
Tt c cc
t kim tra
nh k
2 Tt c cc kt dn, tt c cc
kt v khng gian tip gip
vi cc khoang hng (bung
bm, bung my nn hng,
hm ng, khoang cch ly v
khoang trng)

1.i vi cc tu ch du v tu ch x ho
cht nguy him:
Cn c vo kt qu kim tra bn trong, phi
tin hnh kim tra hng nm bn trong cc kt
dn, nu pht hin thy bt k im no trong
cc im nu t (a) n (b) di y:
(a) lp sn bo v tnh trng km v khng
c sn li tho mn yu cu ca ng
kim
(b) lp sn bo v khng c t khi ng mi
hoc km hiu qu, phi kim tra m rng
cho cc kt cng loi khc.
Phi kim tra k bn trong bung bm v lu
n h thng lm kn ca tt c cc l khot
ng xuyn qua trn cc vch, h thng
thng gi, b v m lm kn ca bm.
2.i vi cc tu ch x kh ho lng:
i vi cc kt dn, k c cc kt y i, nu
pht hin thy lp sn bo v tnh trng
km v khng c sn li tho mn yu cu
ca ng kim hoc khng c t khi ng
mi, th phi tin hnh kim tra bn trong
hng nm. i vi cc kt dn y i c tnh
trng nh xc nh, nu ng kim thy cn
thit, th phi tin hnh kim tra bn trong
hng nm.
Cc kt dn chuyn i thnh khoang trng
phi c kim tra ph hp vi cc quy nh
tng ng cho kt dn.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
111
Bng 1B/5.3 Cc yu cu b sung kim tra bn trong i vi tu hng ri
Tt c cc t
kim tra nh k

1 Tt c cc kt dn v mi
khng gian tip gip vi cc
khoang hng (hm ng,
khoang cch ly v khoang
trng)

i vi cc kt dn, tr cc kt y
i, nu pht hin thy sn ph tnh
trng km m khng c sn li hoc
khng c sn bo v t trc, th phi
tin hnh kim tra bn trong hng nm.
i vi cc kt y i c tnh trng
nh trn, nu ng kim thy cn thit
th phi tin hnh kim tra bn trong
hng nm.
Cc kt dn chuyn i thnh khoang
trng phi c kim tra ph hp vi
cc quy nh tng ng cho kt dn.

Bng 1B/5.4 Cc yu cu b sung kim tra bn trong i vi cc tu
hng kh tng hp c tng dung tch bng v ln hn 500
1 Tt c cc khoang hng

Tt c cc t
kim tra nh k

2 Tt c cc kt dn v cc
khng gian tip gip vi cc
khoang hng (hm ng,
khoang cch ly v khoang
trng)

i vi cc kt dn, tr cc kt y
i, nu pht hin thy sn ph tnh
trng km m khng c sn li hoc
khng c sn bo v t trc, th phi
tin hnh kim tra bn trong hng nm.
i vi cc kt y i c tnh trng
nh trn, nu ng kim thy cn thit
th phi tin hnh kim tra bn trong
hng nm.
Cc kt dn chuyn i thnh khoang
trng phi c kim tra ph hp vi
cc quy nh tng ng cho kt dn.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
112
Bng 1B/5.5-1 Nhng yu cu v kim tra tip cn i vi tu ch du
v tu ch x ho cht nguy him
Kim tra nh k Kt cu c kim tra tip cn

Kim tra nh k cc tu
n 5 tui (Kim tra nh
k ln 1)

1. Mt khung sn khe (A) trong mt kt dn gia hai lp v
(1)

i vi cc tu c kt cu v kp hoc trong mt kt dn mn,
nu c, hoc mt khoang hng mn c dng ch yu
cha nc dn i vi tu khng c kt cu v kp
2. Mt x ngang boong (B) trong 1 khoang hng hoc trn boong
3. Mt vch ngang (C) trong mt kt dn v kp
(1)
(ch p dng i
vi tu ch du v kp)
4. Phn di ca mt vch ngang (D) trong mt kt dn (tr tu
du v kp)
5. Phn di ca mt vch ngang (D) trong 1 khoang hng mn
(2)

6. Phn di ca mt vch ngang (D) trong 1 khoang hng
tm tu.

Kim tra nh k cc tu
trn 5 tui n 10 tui
(Kim tra nh k ln 2)

1. Tt c cc khung sn khe (A) trong 1 kt dn gia hai lp
v
(1)
i vi cc tu c kt cu v kp, hoc trong 1 kt dn
mn, nu c, hoc trong 1 khoang hng mn c dng ch
yu cha nc dn i vi cc tu khng c kt cu v kp
2. Khu vc b gc v phn trn ca 1 khung sn khe (H) trong
mi kt dn cn li (ch p dng i vi cc tu ch du v kp)
3. Mt x ngang boong (B) trong hoc trn mi kt dn cn li,
nu c (tr tu ch du v kp)
4. Mt x ngang boong (B) trong hoc trn 1 khoang hng mn
(tr tu ch du v kp)
5. Mt x ngang boong (B) trong hoc trn hai khoang hng tm
tu (i vi tu du v kp - hai khoang hng)
6. Mt vch ngang (C) trong tt c cc kt dn gia hai lp v
(1)

(ch p dng i vi cc tu ch du v kp)
7. C hai vch ngang (C) trong 1 kt dn mn, nu c, hoc trong
1 khoang hng mn c dng ch yu cha nc dn (tr
tu ch du v kp)
8. Phn di ca mt vch ngang (D) trong mi kt dn cn li
(tr tu ch du v kp)
9. Phn di ca mt vch ngang (D) trong 1 khoang hng mn
(2)

10. Phn di ca mt vch ngang (D) trong hai khoang hng
tm tu
11. Mi tm tn v kt cu bn trong (G) trong 1 kt dn gia hai
lp v
(1)
i vi cc tu c kt cu v kp, hoc trong kt dn
mn i vi cc tu khng c kt cu v kp (ch p dng i
vi cc tu ch x ha cht nguy him).

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
113
Bng 1B/5.5-1 Nhng yu cu v kim tra tip cn i vi tu
ch du v tu ch x ho cht nguy him (tip theo)

Kim tra nh k cc tu
trn 10 tui n 15 tui
(Kim tra nh k ln 3)

(a) i vi tu ch du:
1. Tt c cc khung sn khe (A) trong tt c cc kt dn
2. Tt c cc khung sn khe (A) trong 1 khoang hng mn
(hoc mt khoang hng i vi cc tu ch du v kp)
3. Ti thiu 30% s khung sn kho (A) trong mi khoang hng
mn cn li
(3)
(tr tu ch du v kp)
4. Mt khung sn khe (A) trong mi khoang hng mn cn li
(ch p dng i vi cc tu ch du v kp)
5. Tt c cc vch ngang (C) trong tt c cc khoang hng v kt
dn
6. Ti thiu 30% s ngang y v x ngang boong (E) trong
mi khoang hng tm tu (tr tu ch du v kp)
7. Cc khu vc khc, khi ng kim thy cn thit (F).
(b) i vi tu ch x ho cht nguy him:
8. Mi tm tn v kt cu bn trong (G) ca tt c cc kt dn
9. Mi tm tn v kt cu bn trong (G) ca 1 khoang hng mn
10.Mt khung ngang (A) trong mi khoang hng cn li
11. Mi vch ngang (C) trong tt c cc khoang hng.

Kim tra nh k cc tu
trn 15 tui (Kim tra nh
k ln 4 hoc nhng ln
tip theo)

Nh kim tra nh k ln 3
Nu ng kim thy cn thit, th b sung thm cc x ngang
boong v ngang y.

Ch thch: Cc ch vit tt trong Bng c ngha nh sau:
A. Cc lin kt ngang v ton b khung sn khe, bao gm cc thnh phn kt cu lin k
nh tn v, vch dc, cc np gia cng dc, m lin kt v.v...
B. X ngang boong, bao gm cc thnh phn kt cu boong lin k nh tn boong, cc np
gia cng dc, m lin kt, v.v...
C. v D. Ton b vch ngang, bao gm cc sng ng v sng ngang cng cc thnh phn kt
cu lin k nh cc vch dc, tn y trong, tn kt hng, sng y, cc m lin kt, cc
np gia cng, v.v... v cc kt cu bn trong ca thanh p di v trn cng, nu c.
E. X ngang boong v ngang y, bao gm cc thnh phn kt cu lin k nh tn
boong, tn y, cc np gia cng dc, v.v...
F. Khung sn ngang khe hon chnh b sung, bao gm cc thnh phn kt cu lin k
ging nh A.
G. Kt hon chnh, bao gm tt c cc vch bin ca kt, kt cu bn trong v kt cu bn
ngoi trn boong trong khu vc kt.
H. Khu vc b gc bao gm vch nghing v cc lin kt vi tn vch trong v tn y i,
n khong cch 2 mt t cc gc dc theo vch v y i; v cc thnh phn kt cu
ln cn. Phn nh bao gm 5 mt nh ca sn kho v cc thnh phn kt cu ln cn.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
114
(1)
Kt gia hai lp v: ngha l kt bao gm c kt y i, kt mn kp v kt boong
i, nu c, mc d cc kt ny tch ri nhau.
(2)
i vi cc tu ch du v kp, nu khng c khoang hng gia tu (nh trng
hp c vch dc tm), cc vch ngang trong cc kt mn phi c kim tra.
(3)
30% phi c lm trn n s nguyn ton b tip theo.

Bng 1B/5.5-2 Nhng yu cu v kim tra tip cn
i vi tu ch x kh ho lng
Kim tra nh k cc tu n 5 tui
(Kim tra nh k ln 1)
1. Mt khung sn kho trong kt dn i din
(1)
(A)
2. Phn di ca mt vch ngang trong kt dn
(2)
(C)

Kim tra nh k cc tu trn 5 tui
n 10 tui
(Kim tra nh k ln 2)
1. Tt c cc khung sn kho trong kt dn l kt v
mn kp hoc kt nh mn (nu kt khng gn lin
vi kt dn khc c la chn
(2)
(A)
2. Mt khung sn kho trong mi kt dn cn li (A)
3. Mt vch ngang trong mi kt dn (B)
Kim tra nh k cc tu trn 10
tui (Kim tra nh k ln 3 hoc
nhng ln tip theo)
1. Mi khung sn kho trong tt c kt dn (A)
2. Mi vch ngang trong tt c kt dn (B).
Ch thch:
Cc ch vit tt trong Bng c ngha nh sau:
A. Cc lin kt ngang v ton b khung sn khe, bao gm cc thnh phn kt cu lin k
nh tn v, vch dc, cc np gia cng dc, m lin kt v.v...
B. Bao gm cc sng ng v sng nm, cc thnh phn kt v cc kt cu vch dc lin
k.
C. Bao gm cc sng ng v sng nm v cc thnh phn kt cu lin k.
(1)
Mt kt dn c la chn trong s cc kt dn nh mn, v mn kp v kt hng.
Thm ch cc phn cp trn l cc kt ring bit, th chng cng c coi
nh mt kt dn.
(2)
Mt kt dn c th c la chn trong s cc kt dn k c kt mi/kt ui.
(3)
i vi cc tu c kt c lp kiu C, vi tit din ngang gia tu tng t nh tit
din ngang gia tu ca tu hng kh tng hp, th phm vi kim tra tip cn c th
do ng kim vin hin trng trc tip xem xt quyt nh.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
115
Bng 1B/5.6-1 Nhng yu cu v kim tra tip cn i vi tu hng ri
(tr tu ch qung)
Loi kim tra Kt cu c kim tra tip cn
Cc yu cu i vi tu khng phi l tu hng ri v kp
(1)

Kim tra cc tu n 5 tui
(Kim tra nh k ln 1)
1. Tt c cc sn trong mi khoang hng, k c cc lin kt mt
sn v tn v lin k (A)
2. Hai vch ngang khoang hng c la chn v phn chn cc
vch ngang cn li, k c cc np v sng (C)
3. Mt sn khe cng vi tn lin kt v cc x dc trong 2 kt
nc dn i din cho mi loi (kt nh mn hoc kt hng) (B)
4. ng thng hi v ng o trong khoang hng vng nh kt.
Kim tra nh k cc tu
trn 5 tui n 10 tui
(Kim tra nh k ln 2)
sn v tn v lin k (A)
2. Tt c cc vch ngang trong mi khoang hng, k c cc np
v sng (C)
3. Khong mt na s sn kho cng vi tn lin kt v cc x
dc, phn trn v di ca tng vch ngn trong kt dn i
din ca mi loi (kt nh mn hoc kt hng) (B)
4. Mt sn khe cng vi tn lin kt v cc x dc trong mi
kt dn cn li (B)
5. Cc vch ngang trc v sau (k c cc np v sng) trong
mt kt dn (B)
6. Tt c tn boong v kt cu di boong nm trong ng l
khot ming khoang gia cc ming khoang hng
7. Cc thnh phn kt cu quy nh 4. ca kim tra nh k ln
1 ni trn.
Kim tra nh k cc tu
trn 10 n 15 tui
(Kim tra nh k ln 3)
sn v tn v lin k (A)
2. Tt c cc vch ngang trong mi khoang hng, k c cc np
v sng (C)
3. Tt c cc sn khe cng vi tn lin kt, cc x dc v tt c
cc vch ngang trong mi kt dn, k c cc np v sng (B)
4. Cc thnh phn kt cu quy nh 6. v 7. ca kim tra nh
k ln 2 ni trn.
Kim tra nh k cc tu
trn 15 tui
(Kim tra nh k ln 4 v
cc ln tip theo)
1. Nh quy nh i vi t kim tra nh k ln 3.

Cc yu cu i vi tu hng ri v kp (tr tu ch qung)
Kim tra cc tu n 5 tui
(Kim tra nh k ln 1)
1. Hai vch ngang ca khoang hng c chn v vng chn ca
cc vch ngang cn li, k c cc np v sng (C)
2. Mt sn ngang kho cng vi tn lin kt v cc np dc
trong hai kt dn i din ca mi loi (gm kt nh mn pha
mi v kt dn mn kp c hai mn)(B)
3. Cc ng thng hi v ng o trong khoang hng vng nh kt.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
116
Bng 1B/5.6-1 Nhng yu cu v kim tra tip cn i vi tu ch hng ri
(tr tu ch qung, tip theo)
Kim tra nh k cc
tu trn 5
n 10 tui
(Kim tra nh k
ln 2)
1 Mt vch ngang trong mi khoang hng v vng chn ca cc vch
ngang cn li, k c cc np v sng (C)
2 Khong 1/2 s sn kho cng vi tn lin kt v cc np dc trong
mt kt dn i din ca mi loi (gm kt nh mn, kt hng hoc kt
mn) (B)
3 Mt sn ngang kho cng vi tn lin kt v cc np dc trong mi
kt dn cn li (B)
4 Cc vch ngang trc v sau (k c cc np v sng) trong mt tit
din ngang, bao gm kt nh mn, kt hng v kt dn mn kp (B)
5 Mt s lng thch hp, t nht l 1/4 tng s np trn v mn hoc
np vch dc ti vng mi/gia/sau c hai mn trong kt mn kp
pha mi (A)
6 Tt c tn boong v kt cu di boong bn trong ng l khot
ming khoang gia cc khoang hng
7 Cc thnh phn kt cu nh nu 3 ca kim tra nh k ln 1 ni trn.

Kim tra nh k cc
tu trn 10
n 15 tui
(Kim tra nh k
ln 3)

1 Tt c cc vch ngang trong mi khoang hng, k c cc np v
sng (C)
2 Tt c cc sn ngang kho cng vi tn lin kt, cc np dc v mi
vch ngang (k cc cc np v sng) trong mi kt dn (B)
3 Mt s lng thch hp, t nht l 1/4 tng s np trn v mn hoc
np vch dc ti vng mi/gia/sau c hai mn trong kt mn kp
pha mi (A)
4 Cc thnh phn kt cu nh nu 6. v 7. ca kim tra nh k ln 2
ni trn.
Kim tra nh k cc
tu trn 15 tui
(Kim tra nh k ln
4 v cc ln tip
theo)
1 Tt c cc np v mn hoc vch dc trong cc kt mn kp (A)
2 Cc thnh phn kt cu nh quy nh 1., 2. v 4. ca kim tra nh k
ln 3 ni trn.
Ch thch:
1 Cc ch vit tt trong Bng c ngha nh sau:
A : Sn ngang khoang hng hoc cc np mn hoc cc vch dc cc kt y i
B : Khung sn ngang kho hoc vch ngang kn nc khoang mi hoc khoang ui,
cc kt nh mn, hng tu v cc kt dn mn kp, k c cc thnh phn kt cu
lin k
C : Bao gm tm v kt cu bn trong ca cc trn v di
D : Bao gm cc sng ng, sng nm v cc thnh phn kt cu nh vch dc, tn y
trong, tn hng, sng y, cc m v np v.v
2 Kim tra tip cn vch ngang phi tin hnh ti thiu 4 mc nh quy nh sau y :
(1) Ngay trn y trong v ngay trn ng giao tm p gc (nu c) v tm nghing
chn vch i vi nhng tu khng c b vch di.
(2) Ngay trn v di tn v b vch di (i vi nhng tu c b vch di) v ngay
trn ng giao ca tm nghing chn vch;
(3) Khong gia chiu cao ca vch;
(4) Ngay di tm tn boong trn v ngay cnh kt mn trn, ngay bn di tn v b
vch trn i vi nhng tu c lp b vch trn (upper stool) hoc ngay di cc kt
nh mn.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
117
3 Kt mn kp ca tu hng ri mn kp c coi nh kt ri, thm ch n tip ni vi c
kt nh mn hoc kt hng.
(1)
i vi tu ch hng ri c cc khoang hng kt hp, v d c mt s khoang hng mn
n, mt s khoang hng khc c mn kp, th cc quy nh i vi tu hng ri mn kp
c p dng cho cc khoang hng mn kp v cc khng gian mn lin quan.
Bng 1B/5.6-2 Nhng yu cu v kim tra tip cn i vi tu ch qung

Kim tra nh k cc tu
n 5 tui
(Kim tra nh k ln1)
1. Mt khung sn kho trong kt dn mn (A)
2. Phn di ca mt vch ngang trong kt dn mn (D)
3. Hai vch ngang khoang hng c la chn v phn di ca
vch ngang cn li, k c cc np v sng (E)
4. Cc ng thng hi v ng o trong cc khoang hng vng nh
kt.
Kim tra nh k cc tu
trn 5 n 10 tui
(Kim tra nh k ln 2)
1. Tt c cc khung sn kho trong kt dn mn (A)
2. Mt khung ngang boong trong mi kt dn cn li (B)
3. Vch ngang trc v sau ca kt dn mn (C)
4. Phn chn ca mt vch ngang mi kt dn cn li (D)
5. Mt vch ngang trong tng khoang hng v phn di ca cc
vch ngang cn li, k c cc np v sng (E)
6. Tt c cc tm boong v kt cu di boong nm trong ng l
kt.
Kim tra nh k cc tu
trn 10 n 15 tui
(Kim tra nh k ln 3)
1. Tt c cc khung sn kho trong mi kt dn (A)
2. Tt c cc vch ngang trong mi kt dn (C)
3. Mt khung sn kho trong mi khoang mn trng (A). Tuy
nhin, nu ng kim thy cn thit, c th phi kim tra tip
cn cc khung sn kho khc trong cc khoang trng
4. Tt c cc vch ngang trong tng khoang hng, k c cc np
v sng (E)
5. Tt c cc tm boong v kt cu di boong nm trong ng l
kt.
Kim tra nh k cc tu
trn 15 tui
(Kim tra nh k ln 4
v cc ln tip theo)
1. Nh quy nh i vi t kim tra nh k ln 3.
Ch thch:
1 Cc ch vit tt trong Bng c ngha nh sau:
A : Cc lin kt ngang v ton b khung sn khe, bao gm cc thnh phn kt
cu lin k nh tn v, vch dc, cc np dc, cc m lin kt v.v...
B : Bao gm cc kt cu boong lin k vi boong ngang nh tn boong, cc np
dc, cc m lin kt, v.v
C v D : Bao gm cc sng ng, sng nm v cc thnh phn kt cu nh vch dc,
tn y trong, tn hng, sng y, cc m v np, v.v
E : Bao gm cc tm v kt cu bn trong ca cc b chn v nh vch, nu c.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
118
2 Kim tra tip cn vch ngang phi tin hnh ti thiu 4 mc nh quy nh sau y:
(1) Ngay trn y trong v ngay trn ng giao tm p gc (nu c) v tm nghing
chn vch i vi nhng tu khng c b vch di;
(2) Ngay trn v di tn v b vch di (i vi nhng tu c b vch di) v ngay
trn ng giao ca tm nghing chn vch;
(3) Khong gia chiu cao ca vch;
(4) Ngay di tm tn boong trn v ngay cnh kt mn bn trn, ngay bn di tn v
b vch trn i vi nhng tu c lp b vch trn (b nh vch) hoc ngay di cc
kt nh mn.
3. Kt mn kp ca tu ch hng ri v kp c coi nh kt ring bit ngay c khi n ni
kt vi c kt nh mn hoc kt hng.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
119
Bng 1B/5.7 Nhng yu cu v kim tra tip cn i vi tu
hng kh tng hp c tng dung tch bng v ln hn 500
Kim tra nh k Cc kt cu phi kim tra tip cn

Kim tra nh k cc tu
n 5 tui
(Kim tra nh k ln1)

1. Cc sn c chn trong mt khoang hng mi, mt khoang
hng li cng vi cc khng gian ni boong lin quan v phn
chn ca cc sn cn li, k c cc lin kt mt sn v tn v
lin k
2. Phn chn ca cc sn trong tt c cc khoang hng cn li, k
c cc lin kt mt sn v tn v lin k
3. Mt vch ngang (1) c chn v phn chn ca tt c cc vch
ngang cn li, bao gm c cc np v sng
4 Cc ng thng hi v ng o trong khoang hng nh kt.

Kim tra nh k cc tu
trn 5 n 10 tui
(Kim tra nh k ln 2)
1. Cc sn c chn trong tt c cc khoang hng v khng gian
ni boong lin quan, phn chn ca cc sn cn li, k c cc
lin kt mt sn v tn v lin k
2. Mt vch ngang v phn chn ca mt vch ngang na trong mi
khoang hng, bao gm c cc np v sng
3. C vch trc v vch sau trong mt kt dn mn, k c cc np
v sng
4. Mt sn ngang kho cng vi tn lin kt v cc np dc, trong
hai kt i din cho tng loi, k c kt nh mn, kt hng, kt
mn hoc kt y i
5. Vng tn boong c chn v cc thnh phn kt cu di
boong nm trong ng l khot ming khoang gia cc khoang
hng (2)
6. Vng c chn ca cc tm tn y trong
7. Cc ng thng hi v ng o trong khoang hng nh kt.

Kim tra nh k cc tu
trn 10 n 15 tui
(Kim tra nh k ln 3)

2. Tt c cc sn trong khoang hng pha di mi v 25% s
sn trong mi khoang hng cn li, cc khng gian ni boong,
phn chn ca cc sn cn li, k c cc lin kt mt sn v
tn v lin k
2. Tt c cc vch ngang trong mi khoang hng, gm c cc np
v sng
3. Tt c cc vch ngang trong mi kt dn, k c cc np v sng
4. Tt c cc sn kho cng vi tn lin kt v cc np dc trong
tng kt dn (bao gm kt nh mn, kt hng, kt mn hoc kt
y i)
5. Tt c cc tm tn boong v cc thnh phn kt cu di
boong nm trong ng l khot ming khoang gia cc
khoang hng (2)
6. Ton b din tch tn y trong
7. Cc ng thng hi v ng o trong khoang hng vng nh kt.
Kim tra nh k cc tu
trn 15 tui
cc ln tip theo)
1. Tt c cc sn trong mi khoang hng v khng gian ni boong
lin quan, k c cc lin kt mt sn v tn v lin k.
2. Cc thnh phn kt cu nh quy nh t 2 n 7 ca kim tra nh
k ln 3 ni trn.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
120
Ch thch:
1 Kim tra tip cn cc vch ngang phi c thc hin ti thiu 3 mc sau y:
(A) Ngay trn y trong v ngay trn cc boong ni boong, nu c
(B) Gia chiu cao vch, i vi cc tu khng c ni boong
(C) Ngay trn tn boong trn v tn boong ni boong.
2 Cc tm tn boong v cc thnh phn kt cu di boong nm trong ng l khot
ming khoang gia cc khoang hng.
Bng 1B/5.8 Quy nh v o chiu dy kt cu i vi tu hng
Kim tra nh k Cc thnh phn kt cu c o chiu dy

Kim tra nh k cc tu
n 5 tui
(Kim tra nh k ln 1)

1. Khu vc nghi ng
2. Trong cc khoang hng nu ch hng c tc n mn nhanh
i vi kt cu thp, nh g sc, mui, than, qung sun phua,
v.v..., phi o chiu dy chn sn khe (phn mng nht ca
sn kho nu l sn ghp) v cc m hng ca t nht ba
sn khoang ti cc phn: trc, gia v sau ca mi khoang
hng, c hai bn mn tu v mt di chn, cc di tn khu
vc ni boong ca tt c cc vch ngang kn nc trong cc
khoang hng cng vi cc kt cu bn trong
3. i vi cc kt nh mn, kt hng v kt su dng lm kt dn:
hai u v phn gia (k c bn mp) ca mt khung ngang hoc
ca cc kt cu chnh tng ng trong mt kt chn ty t mi
loi kt.

Kim tra nh k cc tu
trn 5 n 10 tui
(Kim tra nh k ln 2)

1. Khu vc nghi ng.
2.Nhng phn sau y ca kt cu vng 0,5 L gia tu:
(1) Tng tm tn mt tit din ngang ca tn boong chnh i
vi ton b mt x boong ca tu
(2) Tng tm tn boong chnh vng kt nc dn, nu c
(3) Tng tm tn boong chnh m bn trn hoc bn di n c
xp hng g sc hoc cc loi hng khc c xu hng thc
y nhanh qu trnh n mn.
3. Trong cc khoang hng nh quy nh 2. ca kim tra nh k
ln 1: hai u ca sn khe (phn mng nht ca sn khe,
nu l sn ghp) v cc m mt ca chng, s lng tng
ng vi s sn (t nht phi bng 1/3 tng s sn trong mi
khoang hng) ti phn trc, gia v sau ca mi khoang hng
c hai mn v tt c cc di chn v cc di tn khu vc ni
boong ca tt c cc vch ngang kn nc trong cc khoang
hng cng vi cc kt cu bn trong
4. Trong cc khoang hng khc vi khoang hng 3. ni trn, cc
phn t kt cu nh quy nh 2. ca kim tra nh k ln 1
5. C hai u v phn gia ca mi thnh quy ming khoang hng
pha mn v 2 u (tn v np gia cng)

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
121
Bng 1B/5.8 Quy nh v o chiu dy kt cu i vi tu hng (tip theo)
6. i vi cc kt nh mn, kt hng v kt su c dng lm
kt dn: c hai u v phn gia (k c bn mp) ca khong
1/2 s khung ngang hoc cc thnh phn kt cu chnh tng
ng v t nht mt tm u trn v u di ca mi vch
trong 1 kt chn tu t mi loi kt
7. i vi cc kt nh mn, kt hng v cc kt su cn li
c dng lm kt dn: hai u v phn gia ca mt khung
ngang hoc ca cc thnh phn kt cu chnh tng ng (k
c bn mp).

Kim tra nh k cc tu
trn 10 n 15 tui
(Kim tra nh k ln 3)

1. Khu vc nghi ng.
2. Cc phn kt cu sau y:
(1) Tng tm tn boong chnh trong vng 0,5L gia tu
(2) Tng tm tn v phn t kt cu 2 mt ct ngang trong
vng 0,5L gia tu. Tuy nhin, i vi nhng tu c chiu
di di 100 m, s lng cc mt ct ngang c th gim
xung cn 1
(3) Mt di tn mn vng ng nc thay i c la chn
trong khu vc khoang hng ngoi vng 0,5L gia tu mi
mn tu
3. Trong tt c cc khoang hng, phn chn v u sn khe
(phn mng nht ca sn, nu l sn ghp) v cc m mt
sn, s lng tng ng vi sn khoang (t nht bng 1/3
ton b s sn trong mi khoang hng) ti cc phn: trc,
gia v sau ca mi khoang hng c hai mn v tt c cc
di chn v cc di tn khu vc ni boong ca tt c cc vch
ngang kn nc trong cc khoang hng cng vi cc kt cu
bn trong
4. Cc kt cu bn trong ca cc khoang mi v li
5. C hai u v phn gia ca tng thnh quy ming khoang
hng pha mn v 2 u (tn v np gia cng)
6. Tt c cc np khoang hng (tn v np gia cng)
7. i vi tt c cc kt nh mn, kt hng v kt su c dng
lm kt dn: c hai u v phn gia (k c bn thnh) ca
khong 1/2 s khung ngang hoc cc kt cu chnh tng ng
v mi tm phn trn cng v phn chn ca tng vch.

Kim tra nh k cc tu
trn 15 n 20 tui
(Kim tra nh k ln 4)

1. Khu vc nghi ng.
2. Cc phn kt cu sau y:
(1) Ton b chiu di ca tt c tm tn boong chnh l thin
(2) Tng tm v kt cu 3 mt ct ngang trong phm vi 0,5L
gia tu. Tuy nhin, i vi cc tu c chiu di nh hn
100 m s lng mt ct c th gim xung cn 2
(3) Ton b chiu di ca tt c cc di tn vng ng nc
thay i, c mn tri v mn phi.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
122
Bng 1B/5.8 Quy nh v o chiu dy kt cu i vi tu hng (tip theo)
3. Tn boong thng tng h i din (boong dng ui, lu li
v thng tng mi).
4. Ton b chiu di di tn ky. Cng nh cc tm tn y
khu vc khoang cch ly, bung my v mt sau ca cc kt
5. Tm tn ca hp thng bin. Tn v khu vc x mn nu
ng kim thy cn thit.
6. Cc thnh phn kt cu nh quy nh t 3. n 7. ca kim
tra nh k ln 3.
Kim tra nh k cc tu
trn 20 tui
nhng ln tip theo)
1. Khu vc nghi ng.
2. Tng tm tn v thnh phn kt cu trong ba mt ct ngang
trong phm vi 0,5 L gia tu
3. Cc thnh phn kt cu nh quy nh t 2. n 6. ca kim
tra nh k ln 4 (tr 2(2)).

Bng 1B/5.9 Cc yu cu o chiu dy b sung i vi
cc tu hng vng b n mn nhiu
Kt cu

Phm vi o
Mu o
1. Tm tn Khu vc nghi ng v cc tm lin k 5 mu trn 1 mt vung
2. Cc sng Khu vc nghi ng 5 mu trn 1 mt vung
3. Cc np Khu vc nghi ng
3 mu ng ngang bn thnh kho
3 mu trn bn mp.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
123
Bng 1B/5.10-1 Cc yu cu v o chiu dy i vi cc tu
ch du v tu ch x ho cht nguy him

Kim tra nh k cc tu
n 5 tui
(Kim tra nh k ln 1)

1. Khu vc nghi ng.
2. Tng tm tn boong trong mt mt ct ngang khu vc kt dn
(nu c) hoc mt khoang hng ch yu c dng cha nc
dn trong khu vc hng.
3. Cc thnh phn kt cu phi kim tra tip cn nh gi chung
v ghi vo biu n mn.
4. Cc ng du hng, du t, ng dn v ng thng hi k c cc tr
v ng gp thng hi, cc ng kh tr v cc ng ng khc
trong bung bm v trn boong thi tit, nu ng kim thy cn
thit sau khi xem xt kt qu kim tra chung quy nh 5.2.2.
Kim tra nh k cc tu
trn 5 n 10 tui
(Kim tra nh k ln 2)

1. Khu vc nghi ng.
2. Trong khu vc hng:
(1) Tng tm tn boong
(2) Mt mt ct ngang
v ghi vo biu n mn.
4. Cc di tn vng ng nc thay i c chn, ngoi khu
vc hng.
5. Cc ng du hng, du t, ng dn, ng thng hi k c cc tr
thit sau khi xem xt kt qu kim tra chung quy nh 5.2.2.
Kim tra nh k cc tu
trn 10 n 15 tui
(Kim tra nh k ln 3)

1. Khu vc nghi ng.
2. Trong khu vc hng ha:
(1) Tng tm tn boong
(2) Hai mt ct ngang
3. Tt c cc kt cu c a vo kim tra tip cn nh gi
chung v ghi vo biu n mn.
4. Cc di tn mn c chn trn v di ng nc ngoi khu
vc hng.
5. Tt c cc di tn mn trn v di ng nc trong khu vc
hng ha.
6. Cc kt cu bn trong kt mt mi v ui.
7. Cc ng du hng, du t, ng dn k c cc tr v ng gp
thng hi, cc ng ng kh tr v cc ng ng khc trong
bung bm v trn boong thi tit, nu ng kim thy cn thit
sau khi xem xt kt qu kim tra chung nh quy nh 5.2.2.
8. i vi cc tu ch x ho cht nguy him, phi kim tra cc ng
du hng bng thp nm ngoi khoang hng c la chn v cc
ng dn xuyn qua khoang hng.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
124
Bng 1B/5.10-1 Cc yu cu v o chiu dy i vi cc tu
ch du v tu ch x ho cht nguy him (tip theo)

Kim tra nh k cc
tu trn 15 tui
(Kim tra nh k ln 4
v nhng ln tip theo)

1. Khu vc nghi ng.
(1) Tng tm tn boong
(2) Ba mt ct ngang
(3) Tng tm tn y
3. Tt c cc thnh phn kt cu phi kim tra tip cn nh gi
chung v ghi vo biu n mn.
4. Tt c cc di tn mn vng ng nc thay i.
5. Cc kt cu bn trong khoang mt mi v khoang mt ui.
6. Tn boong chnh l thin c chn bn ngoi khu vc hng.
7. Tn boong thng tng h i din (gm boong dng ui, boong
lu li v boong thng tng mi).
8. Ton b chiu di di tn ky v mt s lng thch hp cc di tn
y khu vc khoang cch ly, bung my v mt sau ca cc kt
bn ngoi khu vc hng.
9. Tm tn ca hp thng bin. Tn v khu vc x mn nu ng
kim thy cn thit.
10. Cc ng du hng, du t, ng dn, ng thng hi k c cc tr
thit sau khi xem xt kt qu kim tra chung nh quy nh 5.2.2.
11. i vi cc tu ch x ho cht nguy him, phi o chiu dy cc
ng du hng bng thp c la chn nm ngoi khoang hng
v cc ng dn xuyn qua khoang hng.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
125
Bng 1B/5.10-2 Cc yu cu v o chiu dy i vi cc tu ch x kh ho lng


Kim tra nh k cc tu
n 5 tui
(Kim tra nh k ln 1)
1. Khu vc nghi ng
2. Mt tit din ngang ca tm tn boong i vi thn tu trong
phm vi 0,5 L gia tu vng kt dn, nu c
v lp h s mu n mn.

Kim tra nh k cc tu
trn 5 n 10 tui
(Kim tra nh k ln 2)
1. Khu vc nghi ng
(1) Tng tm tn boong
(2) Mt tit din ngang thn tu trong phm vi 0,5 L gia tu
vng kt dn, nu c.
v lp h s mu n mn
4. Di tn mn v di tn vng ng nc thay i nm ngoi khu
vc hng c la chn.

Kim tra nh k cc tu
trn 10 n 15 tui
(Kim tra nh k ln 3)
1. Khu vc nghi ng
(1) Tng tm tn boong
(2) Hai tit din ngang thn tu, c t nht mt tit din trong phm
vi 0,5 L gia tu vng kt dn, nu c
(3) Tt c cc di tn mn v di tn vng ng nc thay i.
v lp h s mu n mn
4. Di tn mn v di tn vng ng nc thay i nm ngoi khu
vc hng c la chn.

Kim tra nh k cc tu
trn 15 tui
(Kim tra nh k ln 4
v nhng ln tip theo)

1. Khu vc nghi ng
(1) Tng tm tn boong
(2) Hai tit din ngang thn tu, c t nht mt tit din trong phm
vi 0,5 L gia tu vng kt dn, nu c
(3) Tng tm tn y
(4) Tn ky hp v cc kt cu bn trong.
v lp h s mu n mn.
4. Tt c cc di tn mn v di tn vng ng nc thay i.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
126
Bng 1B/5.11 Cc yu cu v o chiu dy b sung i vi cc tu
ch du v tu ch x ho cht nguy him (kt cu y)
T.T Kt cu Phm vi o Mu o
1
Tn y trong, tn
y v tn kt cu
kt hng
(a) Ti thiu 3 vng trong kt, bao
gm vng pha sau. o xung
quanh v di tt c cc
ming ht.
(b) Tm tn c nghi ng v cc
tm xung quanh (nu c)
(a) 5 mu cho mi tm gia
cc x dc v ngang/
sng
(b) 5 mu cho mi tm gia
cc x dc trn 1 m di.
2
Cc x dc y trong,
y v kt cu kt
hng
Ti thiu 3 x dc trong mi vng
ti tm c o.
3 mu trn ng ct ngang
bn mp v 3 mu trn tm
thnh ng.
3
Cc sng y v m
(ch p dng cho tu
du)
Ti cc chn m vch ngang hoc
ngang pha trc, pha sau v
tm ca cc khoang/kt

o theo ng thng ng
trn tm sng, c mi
khong np gia cng 1 mu
hoc ti thiu 3 mu.
2 mu ngang qua bn mp
5 mu trn cc sng/ m
vch.
4
Cc sng ngang/
ngang y (ch p
dng cho tu du)
3 sn khe/ ngang trong cc
vng o tn y vi cc mu c
hai u v gia
5 mu trn 2 m
2
.
Cc mu n trn bn mp,
nu c.
5
Cc sng dc v
ngang trong y i
(ch p dng cho tu
ch x ha cht
nguy him)
Tm tn c nghi ng 5 mu trn 1 m
2

6
Np gia cng tm
(nu c)
Ti v tr lp t o ring l
7
Khung sn kho
ca kt cu kt hng
(ch p dng i vi
tu ch du v kp)
3 khung sn khe trong cc
vng o tn y
5 mu trn 1 m
2

Cc mu n trn bn mp.
8
Vch ngang kn nc
ca kt cu kt hng
hoc vch chn (ch
p dng i vi tu
ch du v kp)
(a) 1/3 pha di vch
(b) 2/3 pha trn vch
(c) Cc np gia cng (ti thiu 3
np)
(a) 5 mu trn 1 m
2

(b) 5 mu trn 2 m
2

i vi tm thnh, 5 mu
trn 1 nhp (2 mu ngang
qua thnh ti mi u v 1
mu gia nhp). i vi
bn mp, cc mu n
mi u v gia nhp.
9
Vch ngang kn nc
ca kt cu kt hng
(p dng cho tu ch
x ha cht nguy
him)
(a) 1/3 pha di kt
(b) 2/3 pha trn kt
(a) 5 mu trn 1 m
2

(b) 5 mu trn 1 m
2
cc
tm xen k.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
127
Bng 1B/5.11 Cc yu cu v o chiu dy b sung i vi cc tu
(kt cu y, tip theo)
10
Khung sn khe ca kt
cu kt hng (ch p dng
cho tu ch x ha cht
nguy him)
Tm tn c nghi ng 5 mu

Bng 1B/5.12 Cc yu cu v o chiu dy b sung i vi tu
du v tu ch x ho cht nguy him (kt cu boong)
1 Tn boong 2 di ngang qua kt Ti thiu 3 mu 1 tm trn 1 di.
2 X dc boong
Ti thiu 3 x dc trong 2 vng
(tr tu ch du v kp)
Tt c cc x dc th 3 trong cp
di c ti thiu 1 x dc (ch p
dng i vi tu ch du v kp)
3 mu theo ng thng ng
tm thnh v 2 mu trn bn
mp (nu c).
3
Sng boong v
cc m
Ti vch ngang, cc chn m
pha trc, pha sau v gi a
cc kt

o theo ng thng ng trn
tm thnh, c mi khong np
gia cng 1 mu hoc ti thiu
3 mu.
2 mu qua bn mp. 5 mu trn
cc sng/m vch.

4
Sn kho
boong
Ti thiu 2 tm thnh vi cc
mu gia v c 2 u nhp

5 mu trn 2 m
2
(i vi tu ch
du v kp 5 mu trn 1 m
2
).
o n trn bn mp.

5
Cc tm thnh
ng, cc vch
ngang trong kt
dn mn (trong
phm vi 2 m tnh
t boong) (ch
p dng i vi
tu ch du v
kp)
Ti thiu 2 tm thnh v c 2
vch ngang
5 mu trn 1 m
2

6 Np gia cng Ti ni c t np gia cng tm o ring l

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
128
Bng 1B/5.13 Cc yu cu v o chiu dy b sung i vi tu ch du
v tu ch x ho cht nguy him (v mn v cc vch dc)

1
V mn v tn vch dc
Cc di tn trn cng v
di cng, cc di tn trong
vng sng dc mn
Tt c cc di tn khc
Tm tn gia tng cp
x dc ti thiu 3 vng
Tm tn gia mi cp
x dc th 3 trong 3
vng nh nhau
o ring l 1 im
o ring l 1 im
2
V mn v x dc ca vch
dc, ti:
Cc di tn trn cng v
di cng
Tt c cc di tn khc
Tng x dc trong 3
vng nh nhau
Tt c cc x dc th 3
trong 3 vng nh nhau
3 mu ngang qua tm
thnh,1 mu bn mp
3 mu ngang qua tm
thnh,1 mu bn mp
3
Cc m ca x dc Ti thiu 3 v tr nh,
gia v y kt trong 3
vng nh nhau
5 mu cho ton b din
tch m
4
Cc tm thnh ng v cc
vch ngang, tr khu vc di
tn trn cng (ch p dng cho
cc kt dn mn ca tu ch
du v kp):
Cc di tn khu vc sng
dc
Tt c cc di tn khc

Ti thiu 2 tm thnh v
c 2 vch ngang
Ti thiu 2 tm thnh v
c 2 vch ngang

5 mu trn 2 m
2

2 mu gia mi cp np
gia cng ng
5
Cc sng dc (ch p dng cho
cc kt dn mn ca tu ch
du v kp)
Tm tn trn mi sng
trong ti thiu 3 vng
2 mu gia mi cp cc
np gia cng sng dc
6
Cc np gia cng cho sng
dc (ch p dng cho cc kt
dn mn ca tu ch du v
kp)
Nu c p dng o ring l
7
Cc sn khe/x ngang v
cc lin kt ngang (tr cc kt
dn mn ca tu ch du v
kp)
3 tm thnh vi ti thiu
3 v tr trn mi tm, k
c khu vc ca cc lin
kt ngang
5 mu trn 2 m
2
, cng
vi o ring l trn cc
bn mp ca sn
khe/x ngang v lin kt
ngang
8
Cc m mt di i din cc
x ngang (ch p dng cho cc
khoang hng ca tu ch du
v kp)
Ti thiu 3 m 5 mu trn 2 m
2
cng vi
o ring l trn cc bn
mp ca m
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
129
Bng 1B/5.14 Cc yu cu v o chiu dy b sung i vi
tu ch du v tu ch x ho cht nguy him
(vch ngang v vch chn, tr cc kt dn mn ca tu ch du v kp)
1
B vch di v trn, nu
c
Di ngang trong phm vi 25
mm cch mi hn b vo
tn y trong hoc tn
boong
Di ngang trong phm vi 25
mm cch mi hn b vo
tn v
5 mu trn 1 m di gia
cc np gia cng
2
Cc di tn trn cng v
di cng, cc di tn
trong vng sng nm
Tn gia 2 np gia cng
3 v tr sau:
xp x 1/4, 1/2 v 3/4 chiu
rng ca kt
5 mu trn 1 m di gia
cc np gia cng
3 Tt c cc di tn khc
Tm tn gia 2 np gia
cng v tr gia
o ring l
4
Cc di tn trong cc vch
ngn ln sng
Tm tn cho mi s thay i
kch thc tm ca tm v
bn mp mi ni gia cng
5 mu trn 1 m
2

5 Cc np gia cng
Ti thiu 3 np gia cng
in hnh
i vi tm thnh, 5 mu
trn 1 nhp gia cc mi
ni m (2 mu ngang qua
tm thnh ti mi mi ni
m v mt mu gia
nhp).
i vi bn mp, o ring
l tng chn m v gia
nhp
6 Cc m
Ti thiu 3 mu nh,
gia v y ca kt
5 mu cho ton b din
tch m
7
Cc tm thnh c cu kho
v sng
Cc mu o chn ca m
v tm ca nhp
i vi tm thnh, 5 mu
trn 1 m
2
.
3 mu ngang qua bn
mp
8 Cc sng nm
Cc mu ti c 2 u v
gia i vi tt c cc sng
nm (sng dc mn)
5 mu trn 1 m
2
, cng vi
cc mu ring l gn chn
m v trn bn mp

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
130
Bng 1B/5.15 Quy nh v o chiu dy i vi tu ch hng ri

Kim tra nh k cc tu
n 5 tui
(Kim tra nh k ln 1)

1. Khu vc nghi ng
2. t nht l cc thnh phn kt cu sau y nh gi chung v
ghi vo biu n mn:
(1) Phn chn cc sn khe, m di ca mi ba sn khoang
ti vng trc/gia/sau c hai mn trong mi khoang hng
ca tu mn n
(2) Ti thiu 1 di tn chn ca mi vch ngang
(3) Cc thnh phn kt cu khc phi kim tra tip cn.

Kim tra nh k cc tu
trn 5 n 10 tui
(Kim tra nh k ln 2)

1. Khu vc nghi ng
2. Cc thnh phn kt cu trong khu vc hng:
(1) 2 mt ct ngang ca tn boong nm ngoi ng ming
khoang hng
(2) Ton b tn boong vng xp g sc hoc cc hng ha khc
c xu hng lm tng n mn
3. t nht l cc thnh phn kt cu sau y nh gi v ghi vo
biu n mn:
(1) Tt c cc sn mn, k cc cc m lin kt hai u sn
trong khoang hng mi ca tu mn n
(2) Mt s lng sn tho ng (ti thiu l 1/4 tng s sn i
vi tu di 100.000 DWT, 1/2 tng s sn i vi tu t
100.000 DWT tr ln) bao gm c cc m lin kt ca chng
ti phn trc/gia/sau c hai mn trong mi khoang hng
cn li ca tu mn n
4. Cc di tn mn vng ng nc thay i trong khu vc cc
mt ct ngang c xem xt 2.(1) trn y
5. Cc di tn vng ng nc thay i c chn nm ngoi
khu vc hng.

Kim tra nh k cc tu
trn 10 n 15 tui
(Kim tra nh k ln 3)

1. Khu vc nghi ng
(1) Tng tm tn boong ngoi ng ming khoang hng
(2) 2 mt ct ngang, 1 vng gia tu, nm ngoi ng ming
khoang
3. t nht l cc thnh phn kt cu sau y nh gi chung v
ghi vo biu n mn:
(1) Tt c cc sn, k c m lin kt ca chng trong khoang
hng mi v mt khoang khc c chn ca tu mn n
(2) Mt s lng sn tho ng (ti thiu l 1/2 tng s sn)
bao gm c cc m lin kt ca chng ti phn trc/gia/sau
c hai mn trong mi khoang hng cn li ca tu mn n
4. Cc kt cu bn trong khoang mt mi v ui
5. Mi di tn mn vng ng nc thay i trong khu vc hng
6. Mi di tn mn vng ng nc thay i c chn ngoi
khu vc hng.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
131
Bng 1B/5.15 Quy nh v o chiu dy i vi tu ch hng ri (tip theo)

Kim tra nh k
cc tu trn 15 tui
nhng ln tip theo)

1. Khu vc nghi ng
(1) Tng tm tn boong nm ngoi ming khoang hng
(2) 3 mt ct ngang, 1 vng gia tu, nm ngoi ng
ming khoang
(3) Tng tm tn y.
3. Ti thiu cc thnh phn kt cu sau y nh gi chung
v ghi vo biu n mn:
(1) Tt c cc sn, k c m lin kt ca chng trong khoang
hng mi v mt khoang khc c chn ca tu mn n
4. Cc thnh phn kt cu bn trong khoang mt mi v ui
5. Tt c cc tm tn boong chnh l thin ngoi vng hng
6. Tn boong thng tng h i din (boong dng ui, boong
lu li v thng tng mi)
7. Ton b chiu di di tn ky. Ngoi ra, tn y khu vc
khoang cch ly, bung my v mt sau ca cc kt
8. Tm tn hp thng bin v tn mn khu vc cc u x
mn, nu ng kim thy cn thit
9. Tt c cc di tn vng ng nc thay i.
Bng 1B/5.16 Cc yu cu o chiu dy b sung i vi tu ch hng ri
(Kt cu mn i vi khoang hng ca tu v mn n hoc kt cu
trong khoang v mn kp, k c cc khoang mn trng tu ch qung)
i vi cc khoang hng ca tu v mn n
1 Tn v mn v y
a. Tm tn c nghi ng cng thm 4
tm xung quanh
b. Xem cc Bng khc v phm vi o
vng khoang, kt

5 mu cho mi tm
gia cc x dc
2 X dc v mn/y
Ti thiu 3 x dc cc Khu vc
nghi ng
3 mu trn ng
ngang sn kho,
3 mu trn bn mp
i vi cc khoang hng ca tu v mn kp
Tn mn, tn mn trong:
- Cc di trn v cc di
vng sng dc
- Tm tn nm gia tng cp sn
ngang/x dc ti thiu 3 vng
(dc kt)
1
- Mi di khc
- Tm tn nm gia mi cp th 3
ca cc x dc 3 vng nh nhau
o ring l 1 im
Tn mn v cc sn
ngang/x dc mn trong
- Di trn
- Mi sn ngang/ x dc trong 3
vng nh nhau
2
- Mi di khc
- Mi sn ngang/x dc th 3 trong
3 vng nh nhau
3 mu trn ng
ngang sn kho,
1 mu trn bn mp
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
132
Bng 1B/5.16 Cc yu cu o chiu dy b sung i vi tu ch hng ri (tip theo)
3
Cc sn ngang/cc x
dc:
- Cc m
Ti thiu l 3 nh, gia v y
kt trong 3 vng nh nhau
5 mu trn c din tch m
4
Tm thnh ng v vch
ngang:
- Cc di tn vng
sng nm
- Cc di khc
- Ti thiu 2 tm thnh v c 2 vch
ngang
- Ti thiu 2 tm thnh v c 2 vch
ngang
5 mu trn 2 m
2
din tch
2 mu gia mi cp
np ng
5 Cc sng nm
Tm trn mi sng trong ti thiu
3 vng
2 mu gia mi cp np
sng dc
6 Np gia cng tm Nu s dng o ring l
Bng 1B/5.17 Cc yu cu o chiu dy b sung i vi tu ch x hng ri
(cc vch ngang trong khoang hng)
1 B di vch
a. Di ngang trong phm vi 25 mm ca
mi hn vo y trong
b. Di ngang trong phm vi 25 mm ca
mi hn vo tn mn

5 mu trn 1 m di gia
cc np

2 Vch ngang
a. Di ngang khong mt na cao
b. Di ngang ti phn vch ngang tip
gip vi boong trn cng hoc bn
di tn mn b vch trn (i vi tu
c b vch trn)

5 mu trn 1 m di gia
cc np

(kt cu boong bao gm cc boong ngang, boong chnh, cc ming khoang hng,
np ming khoang, thnh ming khoang v cc kt nh mn)
1
Cc di tn boong
ngang
a. Di tn boong ngang c nghi
ng
5 mu trn 1 m di gia cc np
gia cng di boong
2
Cc kt cu gia
cng di boong
a. Cc kt cu ngang
b. Kt cu dc
a. 5 mu mi u v gia nhp
b. 5 mu c sn kho v
bn mp
3 Np ming khoang
a. Thnh quy pha mn v pha 2
u, mi pha ba v tr
b. 3 di dc, cc di tn bn ngoi
(2) v mt di tn tm (1)
a. 5 mu tng v tr
b. 5 mu mi di
4
Thnh quy ming
khoang
Mi cnh v u ca thnh quy,
mt di 1/3 chn, mt di t 2/3
tr ln
5 mu mi di (hai u v
cnh thnh quy)
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
133
Bng 1B/5.18 Cc yu cu o chiu dy b sung i vi tu ch hng ri (tip theo)
5
Cc kt nc
dn nh mn
a. Cc vch ngang kn nc
i. Vng 1/3 chn vch
ii. Vng 2/3 nh vch
iii. Np gia cng
b. 2 vch chn ngang i din
i. Vng 1/3 chn vch ngn
ii. Vng 2/3 nh vch ngn
iii. Np gia cng
c. 3 vng i din ca tn
nghing
i. Vng 1/3 chn kt
ii. Vng 2/3 nh kt
d. Cc x dc, vng tip gip v
c nghi ng

i. 5 mu trn 1 m
2

ii. 5 mu trn 1 m
2

iii. 5 mu trn 1 m di

i. 5 mu trn 1 m
2

ii. 5 mu trn 1 m
2

iii. 5 mu trn 1 m di

i. 5 mu trn 1 m
2

ii. 5 mu trn 1 m
2

i. 5 mu trn 1 m di cho c
sn kho v bn mp
6 Tn boong chnh
Cc tm tn c nghi ng v vng
tip gip (4)
5 mu trn 1 m
2

7
Cc x dc
boong chnh
Ti thiu 3 x dc ti cc tm
c o
5 mu trn 1 m di cho c sn
kho v bn mp
8
Sn kho/kt
cu ngang
Cc tm c nghi ng 5 mu trn 1 m
2

(kt cu y, y trong v kt cu kt hng)
i vi cc khoang hng ca tu v mn n
1 Tn y i/y trong
Tm tn c nghi ng cng
thm cc tm xung quanh
5 mu trn 1 m di i vi mi
tm gia cc x dc
2
Cc x dc y
i/y trong
3 x dc ti cc tm c o
3 mu trn ng ngang sn
kho v 3 mu trn bn mp
3
Cc sng dc hoc
ngang
Cc tm tn c nghi ng 5 mu trn 1 m
2

4
Cc vch kn nc
(cc ngang kn
nc)
a. Vng 1/3 chn ca kt
b. Vng 2/3 nh ca kt
a. 5 mu trn 1 m
2

b. 5 mu trn 1 m
2
cc tm tn
xen k
5 Cc sn kho Cc tm tn c nghi ng 5 mu trn 1 m
2

6
Cc x dc mn/x
dc y
Ti thiu 3 x dc trong phm
vi cc Khu vc nghi ng
3 mu trn ng ngang sn
kho v 3 mu trn bn mp
i vi cc khoang hng ca tu v mn kp
1
Tn y, y trong v
kt cu kt hng
Ti thiu 3 vng ngang qua
kt y i, bao gm c vng
pha sau kt
o xung quanh v di tt
c cc ming loe u ht
5 mu cho mi tm gia cc np
dc v cc ngang
2
Cc x dc y, y
trong v kt hng
Ti thiu 3 x dc trong mi
vng ti tm y c o
3 mu trn ng ngang qua bn
mp v 3 mu trn thnh ng
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
134
(tip theo)
3
Cc sng y, k c
cc sng kn nc
Ti ngang kn nc trc,
sau v gia kt
o theo ng thng ng
trn tm thnh, c mi
khong np gia cng 1
mu hoc ti thiu 3 mu.
4
Cc ngang y, k
c cc ngang kn
nc
3 ngang y trong cc vng
tm y c o, vi mu o
c hai u v gia
5 mu trn 2 m
2

5
Khung sn kho ca
kt cu kt hng
3 ngang y trong cc vng
tm y c o
5 mu trn 1 m
2

o ring l trn bn mp
Vng 1/3 chn vch 5 mu trn 1 m
2

Vng 2/3 nh vch 5 mu trn 2 m
2

6
Vch ngang kn nc
ca kt cu kt hng
hoc vch chn
Np gia cng (t nht l 3)
i vi tm thnh: 5 mu
trn c nhp (4 ngang qua
tm thnh, ti hai u, 1 ti
gia nhp)
7 Np gia cng tm Nu s dng o ring l

(cc khoang hng ca tu v mn n)
1 Cc sn mn
Sn c nghi ng v
tng kt cu tip gip
a. Ti mi u v gia nhp: 5 mu
cho c sn kho v bn mp
b. 5 mu trong phm vi 25 mm ca
lin kt hn vo c v v tn
nghing vng chn

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
135
Bng 1B/5.21 Cc yu cu o chiu dy i vi tu hng kh
tng hp c tng dung tch bng v ln hn 500
Kim tra nh k Cc thnh phn kt cu phi o chiu dy
Kim tra nh k
cc tu n 5 tui
(Kim tra nh k
ln 1)
1. Khu vc nghi ng
2. Ti thiu cc thnh phn kt cu sau nh gi chung v ghi vo
biu n mn:
(1) Trong khoang hng cha hng c tc n mn cao i vi thp,
nh g sc, mui, than, qung sun phua v.v... phn chn tm
thnh (vng mng nht ca tm thnh trong trng hp sn
ghp) v cc m mt ca chng ti thiu 3 sn khoang ti
phn trc/gia/sau ca c hai mn trong tng khoang hng
(2) Ti thiu l mt di di cng v cc di vng ni boong ca tt
c cc vch ngang kn nc trong cc khoang hng nh quy nh
(1) ni trn cng vi cc kt cu bn trong
(3) i vi cc kt nh mn, cc kt hng v cc kt su c dng
nh kt nc dn: c hai u v vng gia, bao gm tm mp
ca 1 khung ngang hoc cc thnh phn kt cu chnh trong tng
kt c la chn tu t mi loi kt.
Kim tra nh k
cc tu trn 5 n
10 tui
(Kim tra nh k
ln 2)
1. Khu vc nghi ng
2. Cc vng sau y ca cc kt cu trong vng 0,5 L gia tu:
(1) Tng tm tn trong 1 tit din ca boong tnh ton i vi ton b
chiu ngang tu
(2) Tng tm tn boong tnh ton trong khu vc kt dn, nu c
(3) Tng tm tn boong tnh ton trn hoc di vng ch hng g
sc hoc cc loi hng khc c xu hng lm tng tc n mn.
3. Ti thiu cc thnh phn kt cu sau y nh gi chung v ghi vo
biu n mn:
(1) Trong khoang hng c quy nh 2(1) ca kim tra nh k ln
1, phn chn v phn u ca tm thnh (vng mng nht ca
tm nu l sn ghp) v cc m mt ca chng vi s lng
sn thch ng (ti thiu 1/3 tng s) ti phn trc/gia/sau ca
c hai mn trong tng khoang hng
(2) Tt c cc tm ca di di cng v cc di tn khc trong vng
ni boong ca mi cc vch ngang kn nc cc khoang hng
c quy nh (1) ni trn v kt cu bn trong
(3) Trong cc khoang hng khc vi (1) ni trn, cc thnh phn kt
cu quy nh 2(1) v (2) ca kim tra nh k ln 1
nh kt nc dn: c hai u v phn gia (gm c bn mp) ca
khong 1/2 s lng khung ngang hoc cc thnh phn kt cu
chnh tng t v ti thiu mt tm u trn v chn tng
vch trong mi mt kt c la chn tu t mi loi kt
nh kt nc dn: c hai u v phn gia ca 1 khung ngang
hoc cc thnh phn kt cu chnh tng t (gm c bn mp)

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
136
Bng 1B/5.21 Cc yu cu o chiu dy i vi tu hng kh
tng hp c tng dung tch bng v ln hn 500 (tip theo)
Kim tra nh k Cc thnh phn kt cu phi o chiu dy

4. Tt c cc thnh ming khoang hng (tm tn v np gia cng)
5. Cc np ming khoang hng (tm tn v np gia cng).
Kim tra nh k
cc tu trn 10 n
15 tui
(Kim tra nh k
ln 3)
1. Khu vc nghi ng
(1) Tng tm tn trong nm ngoi ng l khot ming khoang hng
(2) Tng tm tn boong nm trong ng l khot ming khoang
gia cc ming khoang hng vng 0,5 L gia tu
(3) Tng tm tn v thnh phn kt cu trong 2 tit din ngang, 1
vng gia tu, 1 phm vi 0,5 L gia tu. Tuy nhin, i vi tu
c chiu di di 100 m, s tit din ngang c th gim xung
n 1
(4) Tt c cc di tn vng ng nc thay i.
3. Cc di tn vng ng nc thay i, ngoi khu vc hng
4. Ti thiu cc thnh phn kt cu sau y nh gi chung v ghi
vo biu n mn:
(1) Phn chn v phn u ca tm thnh (vng mng nht ca tm
nu l sn ghp) v cc m mt ca chng vi s lng sn
thch ng (ti thiu 1/3 tng s) ti phn trc/gia/sau ca c
hai mn trong tng khoang hng
(2) Tt c cc thnh phn kt cu khc phi kim tra tip cn
5. Cc thnh phn kt cu trong khoang mt mi v ui
6. Tt c cc thnh ming khoang hng (tm tn v np gia cng)
7. Tt c cc np ming khoang hng (tm tn v np gia cng).
Kim tra nh k
cc tu trn 15 tui
(Kim tra nh k
ln 4 v nhng ln
tip theo)
1. Khu vc nghi ng
2. Cc vng sau y ca cc thnh phn kt cu:
(1) Tt c cc tm tn boong chnh l thin sut chiu di
(2) Tng tm tn v cc thnh phn kt cu trong 3 tit din ngang,
mt vng gia tu, 2 trong phm vi 0,5 gia tu. Tuy nhin, i
vi tu c chiu di di 100 m s lng tit din ngang c th
gim xung n 2
(3) Tng tm tn y trong khu vc hng, k c tm chn i hng
ca hng
(4) Tn ky hp hoc hm ng v kt cu bn trong vng hng
3 Tt c cc di tn vng ng nc thay i
4. Ti thiu cc thnh phn kt cu sau y nh gi chung v ghi
vo biu n mn:
(1) Cc thnh phn kt cu phi kim tra tip cn
5. Cc tm boong thng tng h i din (thng tng ui, lu li v
thng tng mi)
6. Ton b chiu di di tn ky, cng nh cc di tn y trong khu vc
khoang cch ly, bung my v cc mt kt
7. Tm tn van thng bin. Tm tn v trong vng x mn, nu ng
kim thy cn thit
8. Cc thnh phn kt cu quy nh t 5. n 7. ca kim tra nh
k ln 3 ni trn.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
137
Bng 1B/5.22 Nhng yu cu v th p lc i vi tu hng
Kim tra nh k Cc kt phi th p lc
Tt c cc ln
kim tra nh k

1. Tt c cc kt nc, k c cc khoang hng c dng dn v
tt c cc khoang hng
Khi thy cn thit, ng kim phi xem xt c bit vic th cc kt
nc ngt.
2. Tt c cc kt du t
Khi ng kim thy cn thit, phi xem xt c bit vic th kt.
3. Tt c cc kt du bi trn

Bng 1B/5.23-1 Nhng yu cu v th p lc i vi tu
Kim tra nh k cc
tu n 5 tui
(Kim tra nh k ln 1)

1. Cc vch bin khoang hng bao quanh kt dn, khoang trng,
hm t ng, kt du t, bung bm hoc khoang cch ly
2. Tt c cc kt nc.
Khi thy cn thit, ng kim phi xem xt c bit vic th cc kt
nc ngt.
3. Tt c cc kt du t.
Khi thy cn thit, ng kim phi xem xt c bit vic th kt
Khi thy cn thit, ng kim phi xem xt c bit vic th kt .
Kim tra nh k cc
tu trn 5 n 10 tui
(Kim tra nh k
ln 2)

1. Tt c cc vch ngn khoang hng
2. i vi cc kt nc ngt, kt du t v kt du bi trn th nh
quy nh kim tra nh k ln 1.

Kim tra nh k cc
tu trn 10 tui
(Kim tra nh k ln 3
v cc ln tip theo)

1. Tt c cc vch ngn khoang hng
2. i vi cc kt nc ngt, kt du t v kt du bi trn th nh
quy nh kim tra nh k ln 1.
3. i vi cc tu ch x ho cht nguy him: cc ng ng hng
bng thp nm ngoi khoang hng v cc ng ng dn xuyn
qua khoang hng c chn.

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Bng 1B/5.23-2 Nhng yu cu v th p lc i vi tu ch x kh ho lng
Tt c cc ln
kim tra nh k

1. Tt c cc vch bin ca kt dn v kt su trong khu vc hng
2. Cc kt i din cho kt nc ngt, kt du t v kt du bi
trn trong khu vc hng. Khi ng kim thy cn thit, phi xem
xt c bit vic th kt
3. Tt c cc kt nc
Khi ng kim thy cn thit, phi xem xt c bit vic th cc
kt nc ngt
4. Tt c cc kt du t ngoi khu vc hng
Khi ng kim thy cn thit, phi xem xt c bit vic th kt

Bng 1B/5.24 Nhng yu cu v th p lc i vi tu hng kh
tng hp c c tng dung tch bng v ln hn 500
Tt c cc ln
kim tra nh k

1. Tt c cc vch bao quanh cc kt dn, kt su v khoang hng
c dng lm kt dn trong khu vc hng
2. Cc kt i din cho cc kt du t trong khu vc hng. Khi
ng kim thy cn thit, phi xem xt c bit vic th kt
3. Tt c cc kt nc
Khi ng kim thy cn thit, phi xem xt c bit vic th cc
kt nc ngt
4. Tt c cc kt du t ngoi khu vc hng
Khi ng kim thy cn thit, phi xem xt c bit vic th kt

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139
Bng 1B/5.25 Cc yu cu b sung ti ln kim tra nh k h thng my tu
1
Cc ng c i--den
(my chnh v cc
my ph thit yu
phc v my chnh,
iu ng tu v h
thng an ton)
1. Phi kim tra chung cc b phn ch yu ca cc te, thn
xi lanh, bu lng b my, cn chn my v thn bu lng
2. Phi kim tra chung cc ca ca cc te, cc c cu phng
n ca cc te v cc bung kh qut
3. Phi kim tra chung cc m chng rung, van iu tit v
thit b cn bng v.v
4. Phi kim tra ng tm ca trc khuu v nu cn thit
phi kim tra xc nhn trc khuu trng thi tt.
2 Trang b in
1. Phi kim tra chung cc cc bng in (k c cc bng
in s c), bng phn phi, cc cp in v.v, cng chi
tit cng tt
2. Phi tin hnh th in tr cch in ca my pht in
v cc bng in (k c my pht in v bng in s
c), cc ng c v cp in xc nhn rng chng
trng thi tt v phi c iu chnh, nu thy khng
tho mn quy nh 2.18.1 Phn 4 ca Quy chun. Tuy
nhin, nu c bin bn th hin vic o c c duy tr
v ng kim thy ph hp, th c th xem xt chp nhn
cc s o hin c.
3 Thit b lm lnh
1. Phi kim tra chung cc thit b an ton xc nhn rng
chng trng thi tt.
2. Thit b phi c kim tra trong trng thi hot ng v
phi xc nhn rng khng c s r r cht lm lnh.
4
Cc ph tng d tr v
cc ph kin lin quan
Phi kim tra cc ph tng d tr v cc ph kin lin quan i
vi h thng my tu.
Cc yu cu i vi tu ch du
1 Tip mt
Phi kim tra bng mt thng, cng tip cn cng tt, tip mt
gia cc khoang du hng/h thng ng du hng (cc ng du
hng, ng thng gi, ng ng ra kt v.v...) v cc kt cu
thn tu.
2
Trang b in trong
vng nguy him
1. Phi kim tra chi tit trang b in trong vng nguy him v
kim tra xc nhn theo quy nh 4.2.7 ca Phn 4. Ngoi ra
phi o in tr cch in ca chng v xc nhn chng
trng thi tt. Tuy nhin, vic o c th c min, nu
ng kim vin hin trng chp nhn bin bn o in tr
cch in hin c.
2. Phi tin hnh th hot ng thit b kho lin ng i km
vi thit b in kiu c bo v chu p lc v thit b
in t trong vng phi iu p hoc thng gi.

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Bng 1B/5.26 Cc yu cu b sung ti ln kim tra nh k
1
B iu tc, b ngt dng
my pht in, cc r le
lin quan
Phi tin hnh th hot ng i vi tt c cc my pht
in trng thi c ti, hoc ring bit hoc song song,
cng kh thi cng tt.
2
B ngng t, thit b bay
hi, cc b gp
i vi cc thit b s dng NH3(R717) nh l cng cht
lm lnh, th cc b phn tip xc vi cht lm lnh chnh
phi c th vi p sut bng 90% p sut thit k (p
sut ny c th c gim n bng 90% p sut t ca
van gim p). Tuy nhin, vic th p sut c th thay th
phng php khc, nu ng kim thy thch hp.
3
Tt c cc my khc v
cc b phn ca n khng
phi l cc b phn 2
ni trn
Th p sut phi c iu chnh ph hp vi quy nh
2.2.2(2), trong trng hp ng kim thy cn thit.
4
H thng chiu sng, h
thng thng tin v tn hiu,
h thng thng gi v cc
trang b in khc
Phi tin hnh th hot ng ca thit b kho lin ng
(bao gm c th thao tc) i vi hot ng an ton, trong
trng hp ng kim thy cn thit.
Bng 1B/5.27 Cc yu cu c bit i vi tu ch x kh ho lng
1 Cc khoang hng
Phi tin hnh kim tra nh yu cu sau
(1)
:
(a) Phi tin hnh kim tra bn trong mi khoang hng
(b) Phi tin hnh kim tra bng mt thng lp cch
nhit
(*2)
hoc b mt khoang hng (nu khng t lp
cch nhit). Phi lu c bit n cc m, cc b
, cc b phn ch yu v cc b phn khc, gm c
b lp cch nhit ca khoang. C th yu cu m
kim tra lp cch nhit, nu ng kim thy cn thit
(c) o chiu dy tn cc khoang hng, nu ng kim
thy cn thit
(d) Phi tin hnh kim tra khng ph hu i vi cc
khoang c lp kiu B, ph hp vi quy trnh c
duyt. Quy trnh ny c lp ph hp vi thit k
khoang hng. Cc khoang hng khc vi khoang hng
c lp kiu B phi c kim tra khng ph hu trn
cc mi hn v khoang, cc thnh phn kt cu chnh
v cc b phn khc chu ng sut cao
(3)

(e) Th r r tt c cc khoang hng.
Tuy nhin, vic th r r cc kt mng, cc kt bn
mng v cc kt c lp nm di boong c th c
min, nu chng c xc nhn bng s nht k hoc
bng phng tin thch hp khc, rng thit b pht
hin kh tnh trng bnh thng v khng thy r r.

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Bng 1B/5.27 Cc yu cu c bit i vi tu ch x kh ho lng (tip theo)
1
Cc khoang hng
(tip theo)
Trong trng hp thy nghi ng v tnh nguyn vn ca bt k
khoang hng no trong kt qu kim tra t (a) n (e). ni
trn, th khoang phi c th vi p sut nh sau:
(a) i vi cc khoang c lp kiu C: khng nh 1,25 ln
p sut thit k cho php ln nht ca van gim p
(sau y trong Chng ny gi l MARVS)
(b) i vi cc khoang c lp kiu A, B v cc khoang lin
v: p sut hin thi ph hp vi thit k khoang hng.
(c) i vi cc khoang c lp kiu C, ngoi vic kim tra
nh t 1. n 5. phi tin hnh th theo (i) hoc (ii) sau
y vo mi ln kim tra nh th 2 (v d: 2, 4, 6)
(i) Th vi p sut bng 1,25 ln MARVS v sau
th khng ph hu nh quy nh 4.
(ii) Th khng ph hu ph hp vi quy trnh c lp
i vi thit k khoang hng
(4)
.
2
Cc khng gian trong
khoang hng v cc
vch chn th cp
- Phi kim tra bng mt thng cc kt cu v cc kt
cu thn tu xung quanh khoang hng
- i vi h thng mng ngn, phi xc nhn rng cc vch
chn th cp m bo kn yu cu thit k h thng
ph hp vi quy trnh duyt. i vi h thng mng ngn
c vch chn th cp kiu dn, phi so snh cc tr s o
c vi kt qu trc hoc kt qu c xc nh ti thi
im ng mi. Nu pht hin s khc bit ln, th phi tin
hnh nh gi v th b sung, nu thy cn thit
- i vi cc h thng ngn hng khc, trong trng hp nu
c bt k nghi ng g v tnh ton vn ca vch chn th
cp, th tnh ton vn phi c xc nhn bng th p lc
hoc th chn khng, hoc th bng phng php thch
hp khc
(5)
.
3
H thng thng hi
cho cc khoang hng
Phi kim tra k, iu chnh li, th hot ng v kp ch cc van
gim p cho cc khoang hng. Cc thit b gim chn
khng/gim p v h thng an ton lin quan n cc khng gian
chn bn trong v khoang hng phi c kim tra, iu chnh
li v th ph thuc vo thit k ca chng.
4
ng ng hng v
ng ng x l
Phi tin hnh cc cuc kim tra nh 1. v 2. sau y. Nu ng
kim thy cn thit, c th yu cu m kim tra lp cch nhit.
1. Nu ng kim thy cn thit, th phi kim tra k ton b
hoc mt phn cc van v ph kin lin quan, hoc phi tin
hnh th p lc vi p sut bng 1,25 ln MARVS v th r
r i vi cc ng ng c di chuyn sau khi t li
2. Cc van gim p phi c kim tra bng mt thng, mt
phn hoc ton b s van ny phi c kim tra k, iu
chnh li, th hot ng v kp ch.
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Bng 1B/5.27 Cc yu cu c bit i vi tu ch x kh ho lng (tip theo)
5 Thit b lm hng
Phi tin hnh kim tra v th nh t 1. n 3. sau y:
1. Cc bm hng, cc my nn kh v cc qut kh cng vi
cc ng c dn ng chnh ca chng phi c kim tra
k v tin hnh th hot ng i vi cc thit b an ton.
Vic m kim tra cc ng c in nh cc ng c dn
ng chnh c th c min
(6)

2. Phi kim tra k, ng thi phi th hot ng cc b trao
i nhit, bnh chu p lc v thit b bay hi
Nu khng th kim tra bn trong cc bnh chu p lc, th
phi th p lc cc bnh v phi tin hnh th hot ng
cc van gim p
(6)

3. Phi tin hnh cc cuc th t (a) n (c) sau y i vi
h thng lm lnh:
(a) Kim tra k cc bm, my nn kh v tin hnh th
hot ng cc bnh p lc cng nh cc bu ngng,
cc thit b bay hi, cc bu lm mt trung gian, cc
van gim p v my phn ly du
(6)

(b) Th r r cc bnh p lc v cc b trao i nhit vi p
sut th khng nh hn 90% p sut t ca cc van
gim p
(c) Th r r h thng ng lm lnh vi p sut th khng
nh hn 90% p sut t ca cc van gim p.
6
Trang b in trong
vng nguy him
- Phi tin hnh kim tra nh quy nh mc 2 ca Bng
1B/2.25.

Ch thch:
(1)
i vi cc khoang/kt kiu mng, bn mng v khoang c lp cch nhit bn trong, phi
tin hnh kim tra v th theo quy trnh c lp ring ph hp vi phng php c
duyt cho tng h thng khoang.
(2)
Nu khng th thc hin vic kim tra bng mt thng lp cch nhit khoang hng, th
phi kim tra cc thnh phn kt cu bao quanh v cc m lnh, nu cc khoang hng
c lm lnh. Tuy nhin, trong trng hp nu tnh nguyn vn ca khoang hng v lp
cch nhit ca chng c xc nhn bng s nht k hng, th vic kim tra cc m lnh
c th c min.
(3)
Nhng phn phi chu ng sut cao l:
- Cc tr khoang/kt hng v cc thit b chng lc ngang/chng lc dc
- Cc sn kho ca khung gia cng
- Cc bin ca vch chn
- Vm khoang/kt v h gom du lin kt vi v khoang/kt
- B cc bm, thp, cu thang v.v
- Cc u ni ng ng.
(4)
Nu khng c quy trnh th khng ph hu c duyt, th phi th khng ph hu ti
thiu 10% chiu di ca cc ng hn trong mi vng chu ng sut cao nh di y .
Phi tin hnh th t c bn trong v bn ngoi khoang mt cch thch hp v nu cn
thit, th phi tho lp cch nhit khi th.
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143
- Cc tr khoang hng v cc thit b chng lc ngang/chng lc dc
- Cc khung gia cng
- Lin kt ch Y gia v khoang vi vch dc ca kt hng kiu 2 vng lng nhau
- Cc bin ca vch chn
- Vm kt v h gom du lin kt vi v kt
- B cc bm, thp, cu thang, v.v
- Cc lin kt ng ng.
(5)
i vi cc khoang mng, nu khng th thc hin vic kim tra bng mt thng cc
vch chn th cp v lp cch nhit ca chng, v.v..., th phi tin hnh kim tra v cc
m lnh v th p lc hoc th chn khng theo s ph duyt trc ca ng kim. Tuy
nhin, trong trng hp nu tnh nguyn vn ca lp cch nhit c xc nhn bng s
nht k hng v.v th c th min kim tra v cc m lnh.
(6)
Trong trng hp nu p dng kim tra h thng my tu theo k hoch, th vic m kim
tra c tin hnh vo t kim tra nh k i vi tng trang thit b c th c thay th
bng kim tra mt thng.

Bng 1B/5.28 Cc yu cu c bit i vi tu ch x ho cht nguy him
1
Lp cch nhit ca
cc khoang hng
- Phi tin hnh kim tra chung lp cch nhit khoang hng. Nu
ng kim thy cn thit, th c th yu cu tho lp cch nhit
kim tra.
2
B khoang/kt
hng
- Phi tin hnh kim tra chung b ca cc khoang/kt hng,
bao gm cc tr , cc kho v cc thit b chng lc
ngang/chng lc dc. Nu ng kim thy cn thit, th c th
yu cu tho lp cch nhit kim tra.
3
Thit b lm kn cc
khoang
- Phi tin hnh kim tra chung thit b lm kn khoang hng cc
np khoang xuyn boong. Nu ng kim thy cn thit, c th
yu cu tho lp cch nhit , m cc np v.v hoc th hot
ng cc thit b ng.
4 Cc bm hng - Phi m v kim tra cc b phn chnh ca bm hng
(1)
.
5
Trang b in trong
vng nguy him
- Phi tin hnh kim tra nh quy nh mc 2 ca Bng 1B/2.25.

Ch thch:
(1)
Trong trng hp nu p dng kim tra h thng my theo k hoch, th vic kim tra ny
c th c thay th bng kim tra mt thng vo t kim tra nh k.
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CHNG 6 KIM TRA TRN
6.1 Kim tra trn
6.1.1 Kim tra trn kh hoc trn trin
Vo cc t kim tra trn , phi thc hin cc ni dung kim tra tu trn kh hoc trn
trin nh nu trong Bng 1B/6.1, sau khi lm sch mt ngoi ca thn tu.
6.1.2 Kim tra di nc
1 Nu c ng kim chp nhn, c th p dng vic kim tra di nc thay cho kim tra
trn kh hoc trn trin. Trong mi trng hp, khng c thay th vic kim tra trn
kh hoc trn trin vo thi gian nh quy nh (1) hoc (2) sau y bng kim tra di
nc:
(1) Kim tra trn c thc hin vo thi gian quy nh 1.1.3-1(4)(a)
(2) Kim tra trn i vi cc tu ch hng ri, tu du v tu ch x ho cht nguy
him khi cc tu ny ln hn 15 tui.
2 Trc khi tin hnh kim tra, phi trnh cho ng kim duyt bn hng dn kim tra di
nc v cc h s, bn v sau y:
(1) Bn v tn v nm di ng nc, ch r v tr v kch thc cc l khot v tu,
v tr ca cc nt x y, v tr sng hng, v tr cc vch kn du v kn nc, v tr ca
cc mi hn dc v ngang v v tr ca cc tm chng n mn in ho (anods)
(2) Cc thng tin chi tit hoc bn v ca cc kt cu v cc trang b ch nh -3 di
y, cng vi cc nh mu ca chng v cc hng dn chi tit v vic kim tra cc
cc kt cu v cc trang b
(3) Cc h s m t quy trnh m ng kim c th xc nhn r rng khe h bnh li hoc
tnh trng ca khe h ng bao ui da vo vic xem xt lch s khai thc, vo vic
th trn tu hoc phn tch mu du ng bao. Nu khe h c xc nhn l tho mn,
th c th yu cu xem xt c bit theo quy nh -3(1) hoc -3(4) di y.
(4) Cc d liu khc cn thit cho vic kim tra.
3 Cc tu c php thc hin kim tra di nuc phi tho mn cc quy nh sau y. Khi
nhn c cc h s quy nh -2(3) ni trn, phi xem xt c bit cc ni dung nu
(1) hoc (4) di y:
(1) Phi trang b phng tin o khe h ca bnh li trong vng cht li
(2) Cc tm c vnh bo v bng lan can dy cho, kt cu sao cho d kim tra h trc
gia trc chn vt v c sng ui
(3) i vi cc ng bao trc ui kiu bi trn bng nc, phi trang b phng tin
o khe h gia trc chn vt v cc ca chng
(4) i vi cc ng bao trc ui kiu bi trn bng du, phi trang b phng tin
xc nhn kh nng hot ng ca ng bao trc ui, gm c thit b lm kn
(5) Phi trang b phng tin xc nh v tr v nhn bit tng cnh chn vt
(6) Phi lp cc tm li c bn l tt c cc van thng bin, c kt cu sao cho th
ln c kh nng th m ra v ng li
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145
(7) Cc du hiu ch bo v tr ca cc vch ngang v vch dc, tn ca cc khng gian
bn trong phn thn nm di ng nc ch hng, sao cho th ln c th nh
hng cc v tr tng i ca chng vi tu.
4 Da vo kt qu kim tra di nc, ng kim c th yu cu kim tra bn trong tu
hoc kim tra trn , nu thy cn thit.
6.1.3 Cc kim tra khc
i vi nhng tu c h thng kim sot v duy tr trng thi k thut cho h trc chn vt
theo cc yu cu 8.1.3, phi kim tra chung h trc v xem xt ton b s liu kim sot
trng thi h thng sn c trn tu, m bo chc chn rng h thng c duy tr tt.
Bng 1B/6.1 Cc yu cu i vi kim tra trn
1
Tn v, k c tn ky,
sng mi v sng ui
Kt cu trong khu vc khng lin tc, nhng b phn kt cu
c kh nng b n mn nghim trng v cc l khot tn v
phi c kim tra k.
Phi tho cc np y li, nu ng kim vin thy cn thit.
2 Bnh li
Bnh li phi c nng ln hoc tho ra v cc b phn nhn
thy c ca bnh li, cht li, gu ging, trc li, khp ni v
sng ui phi c kim tra. Nu ng kim thy cn thit,
th phi th p lc bnh li theo quy nh Bng 1B/2.1. Phi
o khe h bnh li. C th b qua vic nng v tho
bnh li nu sau khi o khe h ng kim thy tnh trng ca
bnh li tho mn.
3
Cc u ly nc bin
v cc u x mn, k
c cc chi tit ni ng
nm di boong mn
kh, cc van trn tm
v, van thng bin
hoc cc chi chi tit ni
ng
Phi tho v kim tra cc cc b phn chnh ca ca van v
van x. Cc bu lng, cc chi tit c nh chng vo thn tu
phi c kim tra. ng kim c th xem xt quyt nh
khng cn tho chng, nu chng c tho v kim tra
tho mn ln kim tra trn trc .
4
u sau ca bc ng
bao
Phi o khe h gia trc chn vt hoc trc ng bao v
sau ca ng bao ui hoc trong gi trc hoc st
do mn ca .
5
Thit b lm kn ng
bao v trong gi
trc
Phi kim tra tnh hiu qu ca vng m kn du.
6 Chn vt
Phi kim tra chn vt. Nu lp chn vt bin bc th phi
kim tra thit b iu khin bc, khng cn tho ra.
7
Neo, xch neo, cp, ng
lun neo, khoang cha
neo v phanh gi cp
Vo cc t kim tra trn theo thi gian quy nh 1.1.3-
1(4)(a), neo v xch neo phi c tri ra v kim tra. Vo t
kim tra nh k ln th 2 v cc ln kim tra nh k tip theo,
phi o ng knh xch neo. Nu ng knh trung bnh ca
mt mt xch ti v tr mn nht ca n gim i t 12% tr ln
so vi ng knh danh ngha yu cu th phi thay mi mt
xch .

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Bng 1B/6.1 Cc yu cu i vi kim tra trn (tip theo)
8 Cc khoang v kt
Phi tin hnh kim tra bn trong, kim tra tip cn v o chiu
dy (nu p dng v cha thc hin), nh quy nh di y:
(i) Ti thiu l cc vng pha di, vng phi xem xt l cc
khu vc nm di ng nc dn nh ti ca cc khoang
hng/cc kt hng v cc kt nc dn vo ln kim tra
trn trin kt hp vi kim tra nh k theo thi gian quy
nh 4.1.1-2
(ii) Vo t kim tra trn thc hin theo thi gian quy nh
1.1.6-5 cng k cng tt.

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CHNG 7 KIM TRA NI HI
7.1 Kim tra ni hi
7.1.1 Kim tra ni hi v thit b nhit hm du
Vo cc t kim tra ni hi, phi tin hnh kim tra ni hi v thit b nhit hm du nh
qui nh Bng 1B/7.1.
7.1.2 Kim tra thit b sinh hi
Thit b sinh hi v cc bnh chu p lc khc c hi nc tch t bn trong phi c kim
tra theo cc yu cu nh i vi ni hi.
Bng 1B/7.1 Cc yu cu i vi kim tra ni hi
T.T Cc hng mc kim tra Ni dung kim tra
1
Cc b phn chu p lc ca
ni hi
Phi kim tra bn trong c tho cc l ngi chui, l lm
v sinh, l kim tra. Nu ng kim vin thy cn thit
phi kim tra bn ngoi, th lp cch nhit xung quanh
cc chi tit phi tho ra kim tra bn ngoi cc chi
tit, n mc ng kim vin thy tho mn.
2
B qu nhit, bu hm nc
tit kim v bu hm nc tit
kim kh x
Phi kim tra bn trong v bn ngoi. i vi bu hm
nc tit kim kh x kiu bc, tt c cc mi hn ni c
th tip cn c u phi kim tra bng mt thng
pht hin vt nt v nu thy cn thit, ng kim c
th yu cu th khng ph hu.
3
Cc b phn t ca ni hi
v thit b nhit hm du
(1)

Phi kim tra bn trong bung t v cc bung kh t
v.v... khi cc ca c m.
4 Cc van v vi
Cc chi tit lp rp chnh v cc bu lng hoc cc vt
cy c nh chng phi c m ra kim tra.
5
Chiu dy tn, ng v kch
thc cc thanh ging
Phi o, nu ng kim thy cn thit.
6
Cc van an ton v.v... ca ni
hi, b qu nhit v thit b
nhit hm du
(1)

Cc van an ton phi c iu chnh trong iu kin
c hi nc n p sut khng ln hn 103% p sut
lm vic c duyt sau khi m kim tra. p k s
dng iu chnh cc van an ton phi c hiu
chnh chnh xc. C cu gim p ca cc van phi c
kim tra v th xc nhn hot ng tho mn. Tuy
nhin, i vi bu hm nc tit kim kh x, nu hi
nc khng th bc ln, th van gim p c th do my
trng t bin v kt qu phi c ghi vo s nht
k ng kim xem xt. Phi kim tra tnh trng
chung ca cc ng ng x p i vi thit b nhit
hm du. p sut n ca cc van an ton lp trn thit
b nhit hm du phi c xc nhn.
7
Thit b an ton, thit b bo
ng v cc thit b iu khin
t t ng
Cc thit b ny phi c th theo cc yu cu
Chng 9, Phn 3 ca Quy chun m bo rng
chng trong trng thi lm vic tt sau khi c kim
tra nh trn.
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Bng 1B/7.1 Cc yu cu i vi kim tra ni hi (tip theo)
T.T Cc hng mc kim tra Ni dung kim tra
8
Xem xt cc ni dung ghi chp
s nht k
Phi tin hnh xem xt cc ni dung sau y, t khi
kim tra ni hi trc :
(1) S hot ng
(2) S bo dng
(3) Lch s sa cha
Kim sot cht lng ca nc cp hoc b hm du.
Ch thch:
(1)
Ch p dng i vi thit b nhit hm du bng la, kh t hoc kh x t my.
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CHNG 8 KIM TRA TRC CHN VT V TRC TRONG NG BAO TRC
8.1 Kim tra trc chn vt v trc trong ng bao trc
8.1.1 Kim tra thng thng
Vo cc t kim tra thng thng trc chn vt v trc trong ng bao trc, phi rt trc
kim tra nh quy nh Bng 1B/8.1.
8.1.2 Kim tra tng phn
1 Vo t kim tra tng phn trc chn vt loi 1 vi trong ng bao bi trn bng du,
phi tin hnh kim tra nh quy nh t (1) n (3) sau y:
(1) Phi kim tra bng mt thng phn trc chn vt l ra trong bung my;
(2) Phi xc nhn rng h trc khng b hot ng trong di vng quay cm do dao ng
xon;
(3) Phi kim tra nh quy nh 1, 4, 5, 6, 9 v 10 trong Bng 1B/8.1. Tuy nhin, c th
b qua cc yu cu ca 1, 5 v 6 trong Bng 1B/8.1 i vi nhng trc ni vi chn vt
khng then hoc hoc trc ni vi chn vt bng bch ni u cui ca chng, nu
sau khi kim tra chung thy tho mn.
2 Vo t kim tra tng phn trc chn vt loi 1C, ngoi ni dung kim tra nu -1 ni trn,
phi kim tra "Bn ghi ca h thng kim sot thit b lm kn du v trong ng bao".
8.1.3 H thng bo dng phng nga
Bt k cc yu cu 8.1.1 trn y, nu tu c trang b cc trong ng bao trc
c bi trn bng du v cc thit b lm kn du ng bao ph hp, c ng kim
duyt, ng thi t nht cc iu kin nh nu t (1) n (4) di y c kim sot v
ghi li chun on tnh trng du bi trn h trc v duy tr h thng di dng phng
nga da trn cc kt qu chun on c ng kim duyt, th khng cn p dng cc
hng mc 2, 3 v 5 trong Bng 1B/8.1, min l tt c cc thng s kim sot trng thi
c thc hin theo h thng bo dng phng nga c duyt nm trong cc gii
hn cho php v h trc c kim tra chung. i vi nhng tu c h thng bo dng
phng nga c ng kim duyt, phi t k hiu PSCM (l ch vit tt ca "H
thng kim sot trng thi trc chn vt") vo sau k hiu cp tu v c th kim tra trc
chn vt nh kim tra trc chn vt loi 1C i vi cc yu cu cn li, tr cc yu cu 2, 3,
5 trong Bng 1B/8.1. Nu ng kim thy thch hp, c th b qua vic kim tra l khot c
chn vt trong trong vng cn ca trc chn vt yu cu 6 trong Bng 1B/8.1.
(1) Phi ly mu v phn tch du bi trn u n vo cc khong thi gian khng vt
qu 6 thng v mi ln phn tch t nht phi c cc s liu t (a) n (d) sau y:
(a) Hm lng nc
(b) Hm lng clo-rua
(c) Hm lng kim loi trc v c tnh kim loi
(d) xy ho ca du.
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(2) Mc tiu hao du bi trn
(3) Nhit
(4) Gi tr quy nh 4 trong Bng 1B/8.1.
Bng 1B/8.1 Kim tra thng thng trc chn vt v trc trong ng bao trc
Chi tit ni vi chn vt:
(1) i vi nhng trc lp vi
chn vt bng then
Phi kim tra u cn trc pha ui t u tr ca trc
(hoc t mp sau ca ng lt, nu c) n 1/3 chiu di
cn trc bng phng php pht hin vt nt thch hp.
(2) i vi nhng trc lp vi
chn vt khng dng then
Phi kim tra phn pha trc ca cn trc chn vt pha
sau bng phng php pht hin vt nt thch hp. Nu
chn vt c lp bng phng php lp p vo trc, th
phi m bo rng chiu di lp p nm trong gii hn
trn v gii hn di nh quy nh 7.3.1-1, Phn 3.
1
(3) i vi nhng trc c bch
ni mt sau
Phi kim tra ng hn bch v bu lng ni bch bng
phng php pht hin vt nt thch hp. Tuy nhin
ng kim vin c th xem xt min gim vic kim tra
pht hin vt nt, nu sau khi kim tra bn ngoi thy
rng chng trng thi tho mn.
2
Cc phn khc ca trc ngoi
khu vc nh nu -1
Phi kim tra, trong iu kin trc c rt ra khi cc
trong ng bao, cc phn khc ca trc ngoi khu vc
nh nu -1 (i vi trc chn vt loi 2, phi tho cc
np chng n mn), ng lt, ng hn bch ni vo trc
trung gian v cc bu lng bch ni.
3 trong ng bao ui Phi kim tra cc trong ng bao ui.
4 Mt sau v bc ui
Phi o khe h gia trc chn vt hoc trc trong ng
bao trc v pha sau ca ng bao ui hoc
trong gi trc hoc st ca .
5 Thit b lm kn
Phi m kim tra cc chi tit chnh ca thit b lm
kn ng bao trc (k c cc thit b lm kn gi trc,
nu c, sau y trong Chng ny c gi l thit b
lm kn).
6 C chn vt Phi kim tra l c chn vt khu vc cn trc chn vt.
7 Chn vt bin bc
Phi kim tra c cu iu khin bc, cc chi tit lm
vic v cc bu lng c nh cnh chn vt bng phng
php pht hin vt nt thch hp.
8 ng nc bi trn
Nu s dng nc bi trn cc trong ng bao
trc, th phi kim tra ng nc bin bi trn.
9 ng du bi trn
Nu s dng du bi trn cc trong ng bao
trc, th phi kim tra thit b bo ng mc du thp ca
kt du bi trn, thit b o nhit du v bm tun
hon du.
10 Du bi trn
Nu dng du bi trn cc trong ng bao trc,
th phi kim tra nht k du bi trn.

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CHNG 9 KIM TRA H THNG MY TU THEO K HOCH
9.1 Kim tra h thng my tu theo k hoch
9.1.1 Phm vi p dng
Phi tin hnh kim tra h thng my tu theo k hoch ph hp vi mi yu cu quy nh
9.1.2 v 9.1.3.
9.1.2 Kim tra my lin tc
Trong h thng kim tra my lin tc (sau y trong Chng ny vit tt l "CMS"), mi
hng mc a ra trong Bng 1B/9.1 phi c kim tra mt cch h thng, lin tc v k
tip nhau ph hp vi Bng danh mc kim tra c ng kim duyt, sao cho khong
thi gian gia 2 ln kim tra i vi tt c cc hng mc CMS khng c vt qu 5
nm. Trong khi kim tra my lin tc, nu pht hin bt c khuyt tt hoc h hng no th
phi yu cu m cc thit b v my tng t hoc mt phn ca chng kim tra thm
v sa cha tt c cc h hng pht hin c tha mn yu cu ca ng kim vin.
ng kim c th y quyn cho ch tu (hoc Cng ty qun l tu) kim tra nhng hng
mc thch hp trong khi kim tra sa cha. Trong trng hp ny cc bin bn kim tra
sa cha my v trang thit b lin quan phi c trnh cho ng kim cng sm cng
tt. Nu nh pht hin vic bo dng c thc hin khng tt th hng mc phi
c m kim tra di s chng kin ca ng kim vin.
9.1.3 Biu bo dng my theo k hoch
1 Ch tu (hoc Cng ty qun l tu) thit lp h thng bo dng c th p dng h
thng bo dng my theo k hoch (sau y vit tt l PMS), trong ch tu c
php tin hnh kim tra sa cha v bo dng theo k hoch nh quy nh (1) thay
cho vic m my kim tra c quy nh Bng 1B/9.1. Ngoi quy nh (1), ch tu (hoc
Cng ty qun l tu) c th p dng h thng duy tr kim tra tnh trng nh quy nh (2)
da vo kt qu theo di tnh trng v chn on i vi my v trang thit b.
(1) Phng thc bo dng theo k hoch phi c thc hin ph hp vi biu bo
dng my c ng kim duyt. ng kim s tin hnh kim tra chung hng
nm tng chi tit, bao gm c vic xem xt cc h s bo dng, xc nhn rng
my v cc trang thit b c yu cu kim tra tnh trng tt. Nu thy rng vic
bo dng khng c thc hin tho ng i vi bt k my v trang thit b no,
th phi m my kim tra chi tit vi s chng kin ca ng kim vin. i vi cc
my v trang thit b, nu ng kim thy cn thit phi m kim tra vi s chng kin
ca ng kim vin, phi thc hin ph hp vi bng tin kim tra da vo biu
bo dng my;
(2) Phng thc duy tr kim tra tnh trng phi c thc hin ph hp vi biu bo
dng my c ng kim duyt. Khi pht hin bt k khc thng no, qua d
liu kim tra tnh trng hoc qua chun on, ch tu (hoc Cng ty qun l tu) phi
yu cu kim tra vi s chng kin ca ng kim vin, cng sm cng tt, ph hp
vi bng tin kim tra da vo biu bo dng my. Hng nm ng kim yu
cu kim tra chung cc hng mc, bao gm c vic xem xt h s bo dng v cc
d liu kim tra tnh trng, xc nhn rng my v trang thit b c yu cu kim
tra trng thi tt. Nu thy rng vic bo dng bt k chi tit my v trang thit b
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no khng c bo dng tha ng, th chi tit phi c m kim tra vi s
chng kin ca ng kim vin. Nu phng thc duy tr kim tra tnh trng khng
c p dng, th phi p dng phng thc kim tra/kim sot v bo dng theo k
hoch.
9.1.4 Kim tra chu k
Thay cho vic kim tra my theo k hoch a ra t 9.1.2 v 9.1.3, vic kim tra quy
nh Bng 1B/9.1 c th c thc hin vo cc t kim tra nh k nu 1.1.3, trong
phi xc nhn rng tt c cc chi tit kim tra u trng thi tt. Tuy nhin, vo t
kim tra nh k mt tu c t 2 h thng trc chn vt tr ln c dn ng bng cc my
chnh nh nhau, vic kim tra cc chi tit my chnh ph hp vi cc yu cu kim tra nh
k sau t kim tra phn cp trong ng mi hoc kim tra nh k ln trc c th c b
qua, nu ng kim vin cho rng iu l ph hp khi xem xt thi hn kim tra, lch
s hot ng ca ng c, tnh trng chung vo lc kim tra v xem xem cc chi tit ca
my chnh c c kim tra hay khng c kim tra khi kim tra phn cp trong ng mi.
Bng 1B/9.1 Cc yu cu m kim tra my v thit b
T.T Hng mc Chi tit kim tra
1
ng c i--den
(my chnh)
Phi m kim tra cc np xi lanh, ng lt xi lanh, pt tng (gm c pt
tng v cn pt tng), c ch thp v , thanh bin, c khuu v cc
b chng, c trc chnh v cc chng, trc cam v c cu dn
ng chng, tua bin tng p, bm hoc qut qut kh, bu sinh hn
c gn vo cc bm chnh (bm ht kh, du bi trn, nhin liu,
nc lm mt).
2
Tua bin hi nc
(my chnh)
Phi m kim tra cc r to tua bin cng vi cc ca chng, v tua
bin, tua bin v khp ni hp gim tc, van ng m u phun v cc
van iu ng.
3
H thng dn
ng cng sut v
h trc
1. Hp gim tc, c cu o chiu v ly hp phi c m ra kim
tra tha mn yu cu ca ng kim. Cc bnh rng, trc, v
khp ni phi c kim tra bn ngoi
2. Cc chi tit chnh ca khp n hi phi c m ra kim tra
3. i vi trc lc y, trc trung gian v cc chng (tr
trong ng bao trc v trong gi ch nhn), na trn ca
hoc bc chng v cc m t ca chn phi c tho ra
kim tra, via trc
4. Cc chi tit chnh ca thit b truyn cng sut phi c m ra
kim tra tha mn yu cu ca ng kim vin.
4 ng c ph
My pht in (gm c my pht s c), ng c ph dn ng cc b
phn quan trng cho thit b dn ng chn vt v my ph iu
ng v m bo an ton phi c tho ra kim tra ph hp vi cc
yu cu p dng cho my chnh.
5 My ph
Cc chi tit chnh ca my ph sau y phi c m ra kim tra:
1. My nn kh, qut gi
2. Bm lm mt
3. Bm nhin liu
4. Bm du bi trn
5. Bm nc cp, bm nc ngng, bm x
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Bng 1B/9.1 Cc yu cu m kim tra my v thit b (tip theo)
T.T Hng mc Chi tit kim tra
5
My ph
(tip theo)
6. Bm ht kh, bm dn, bm cu ha (tr bm cu ha s c)
7. Bu ngng, bu sy nc cp
8. Bu sinh hn
9. Bu hm du
10. Kt nhin liu
11. Bnh kh nn (bao gm bnh kh nn dng cho my chnh, ph,
iu khin, dng chung v dng trong trng hp s c)
12. H thng ng ng hng (bao gm trang b lm hng lng dng
x trong khoang, khi cn)
13. My trn boong
14. Thit b chng ct (cho ni hi dng dn ng tua bin hi)
15. Cc chi tit khc c ng kim chp nhn cho p dng h
thng kim tra my theo k hoch.

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CHNG 10 KIM TRA S LAN V THP
10.1 Quy nh chung
10.1.1 Phm vi p dng
Cc quy nh v kim tra Chng ny c p dng cho s lan v thp (sau y gi l
s lan), bt k cc yu cu nhng Chng khc ca Phn ny.
10.1.2 Quy nh chung v kim tra
1 Cc quy nh chung v kim tra phn cp trong ng mi, kim tra chu k v.v... phi tun
theo cc yu cu quy nh Chng 1 ca Phn ny.
2 Bt k cc yu cu -1 ni trn, vic kim tra chu k cho cc s lan khng chy tuyn
quc t hoc cc s lan c chiu di nh hn 24 m c thc hin nh sau:
(1) Khng phi kim tra hng nm nh quy nh 1.1.3-1(1);
(2) Phi kim tra trung gian nh quy nh 1.1.3-1(2) trong phm vi 3 thng trc hoc
sau ngy n nh kim tra hng nm ln th 2 hoc th 3;
(3) Cc kim tra khc vi kim tra hng nm v trung gian phi c thc hin theo cc
yu cu t 1.1.3-1(3) n 1.1.3-1(5) v 1.1.3-2 v 1.1.3-3.
10.2.1 Quy nh chung
Khi kim tra phn cp trong ng mi, phi m bo rng kt cu thn s lan, thit b ca
s lan, h thng my, h thng phng v cha chy, trang b in, n nh v mn kh ca
s lan tho mn cc yu cu tng ng Phn 8A ca Quy chun.
10.2.2 Trnh cc bn v v h s
1 Cc bn v v h s trnh duyt:
i vi s lan d nh kim tra phn cp trong ng mi, phi trnh cho ng kim duyt
cc bn v v h s lin quan n kt cu thn s lan v trang thit b nh nu 2.1.2-1
n -3, -5, -7, -8, -9 v cc bn v v h s sau:
(1) Kt cu tm gim lc;
(2) Kt cu ca b phn lin kt gia tu y v s lan;
(3) i vi s lan c trang b bn hng dn xp hng ph hp vi yu cu 12.1.3,
Phn 8A ca Quy chun, cn phi trnh ng kim duyt bn hng dn xp d
hng k c cc iu kin xp d hng v cc thng tin cn thit khc.
2 Cc bn v v h s tham kho:
i vi s lan d nh kim tra phn cp trong ng mi, ngoi cc bn v v h s nu
-1, phi trnh cho ng kim cc bn v v h s sau tham kho:
(1) Cc bn v v h s nu 2.1.3 lin quan n kt cu thn v trang thit b ca s lan
(2) H s hng dn v ko hoc y;
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(3) Bn tnh dao ng xon ca h trc my pht c cng sut t 110 kW tr ln;
(4) Bn tnh cng sut c quy dng cho n hnh trnh.
3 Nu thy cn thit, ng kim c th yu cu trnh cc bn v v h s khc vi cc quy
nh -1 v -2 ni trn.
4 Bt k cc yu cu -1 v -2 ni trn, trong trng hp nu kt cu thn hoc h thng
my ca s lan d nh do cng mt nh my ch to, s dng cng cc bn v v h s
c ng kim duyt th c th min mt phn vic trnh duyt cc h s v bn v
nu -1 v -2 trn ph hp vi cc quy nh khc ca ng kim.
1 Khi kim tra phn cp trong ng mi i vi thn s lan v trang thit b, ng kim vin
phi c mt trong cc giai on thch hp nh nu 2.1.4-1 i vi nhng cng vic lin
quan n vt liu, kt cu v trang thit b ca s lan.
2 Khi kim tra phn cp trong ng mi i vi h thng my ca s lan, bt k cc yu cu
2.1.4-2, ng kim vin phi c mt trong cc giai on sau y. Khi ng kim vin thy
cn thit, c th yu cu trnh cc s liu th nh quy nh 20.16.1-2, - 4 v -5, Phn 8A.
(1) Khi tin hnh th nh quy nh 20.16.1-1, Phn 8A ca Quy chun i vi ni hi v
bnh p lc thuc nhm I hoc nhm II;
(2) Khi tin hnh th nh quy nh 20.16.1-3, Phn 8A ca Quy chun i vi cc van,
kha vi v cc ng gn vo tn bao;
(3) Khi tin hnh th nh quy nh 20.16.1-7, Phn 8A ca Quy chun i vi thit b
in kiu phng n;
(4) Khi h thng my c lp t ln s lan;
(5) Khi tin hnh th nh quy nh 20.16.2, Phn 8A ca Quy chun;
(6) Khi tin hnh th nh quy nh 20.16.3, Phn 8A ca Quy chun;
(7) Khi tin hnh th h thng my kiu c bit.
10.2.4 Th thu lc, th kn nc v cc cuc th tng ng khc
Khi kim tra phn cp trong ng mi, phi th thu lc, th kn nc v cc cuc th
tng ng khc ph hp vi cc yu cu c quy nh 2.1.5, Chng 2 ca Phn
ny.
10.2.5 Th nghing lch, th chc nng v th ng di
1 Phi tin hnh th nghing lch theo cc yu cu 2.3.1, Chng 2 ca Phn ny.
2 Khi kim tra phn cp trong ng mi, c th b qua bc th ng di nh quy nh
2.3.2, Chng 2 ca Phn ny. Tuy nhin, i vi s lan c kt cu c bit hoc c h
thng hnh hi c bit, th c th yu cu th ng di, nu ng kim thy cn thit.
3 Phi tin hnh th ti theo cc yu cu quy nh 2.4.1, Chng 2 ca Phn ny.
10.2.6 Cc bn v hon cng
1 Khi kt thc kim tra phn cp, ngi ngh phn cp tu phi chun b cc bn v hon
cng sau y trnh ng kim:
(1) B tr chung;
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(2) Mt ct ngang gia tu, cc bn v ghi kch thc (kt cu c bn), cc bn v
boong, khai trin tn v, cc vch ngang, bn v bnh li, trc li v cc bn v cc
np y khoang hng;
(3) S ng ng hng, dn v ht nc y tu.
10.2.7 Thay i cc hng mc ng k
Nu c thay i cc hng mc ng k, phi kim tra nh quy nh 2.5.1, Chng 2 ca
Phn ny.
10.3 Kim tra phn cp s lan khng c gim st ca ng kim trong ng mi
10.3.1 Quy nh chung
1 Khi kim tra phn cp cc s lan khng c ng kim gim st trong ng mi, phi o
kch thc thc ca cc kt cu chnh, ngoi vic kim tra thn s lan v trang thit b, h
thng my, trang b pht hin v phng chy, phng tin thot nn, cha chy, trang b
in, n nh v mn kh nh quy nh trong t kim tra nh k tng ng vi tui ca
s lan, xc nhn rng chng tho mn cc quy nh tng ng ca Quy chun.
2 i vi cc s lan c kim tra phn cp nh nu -1, sau khi kim tra phn cp trong
ng mi, phi trnh cho ng kim cc bn v v h s nh nu 10.2.2.
3 Phi th thu lc v th kn nc theo cc yu cu 2.2.2, Chng 2 ca Phn ny.
4 C th min th ng di, th nghing lch v th chc nng nu ng kim thy khng
cn thit v c y cc s liu v cc cuc th ny, ng thi khng c s thay i no
nh hng trc tip n cc kt qu th .
10.4 Kim tra hng nm
10.4.1 Quy nh chung
1 i vi cc hng mc kim tra m ng kim hoc ng kim vin thy cn thit th c th
kim tra vi ni dung tng ng ni dung kim tra nh k.
2 Khng kim tra hng nm h thng my.
10.4.2 Kim tra hng nm thn s lan, trang thit b v thit b cha chy
Vo cc t kim tra hng nm thn s lan, trang thit b v thit b cha chy, cc ni
dung kim tra lin quan n kt cu, trang thit b v thit b cha chy ca s lan phi
tun theo cc yu cu 3.2, Chng 3 ca Phn ny.
10.5 Kim tra trung gian
10.5.1 Quy nh chung
i vi cc hng mc kim tra m ng kim hoc ng kim vin thy cn thit th c th
kim tra vi ni dung tng ng ni dung kim tra nh k.
10.5.2 Kim tra trung gian thn s lan, trang thit b v thit b cha chy
Vo cc t kim tra trung gian thn s lan, trang thit b v thit b cha chy, cc ni
dung kim tra lin quan n kt cu, trang thit b v thit b cha chy ca s lan phi
tun theo cc yu cu 4.2, Chng 4 ca Phn ny.
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10.5.3 Kim tra trung gian h thng my
1 Vo t kim tra trung gian h thng my, phi m kim tra cc my pht ph, my ph,
bu trao i nhit v bnh kh c s dng trong cc b phn ca nhng h thng quan
trng. Tuy nhin, nu t kt qu kim tra chung v xem xt bin bn bo dng, ng kim
vin thy rng cc my ny u trng thi tho mn th c th min vic m kim tra.
2 Nu h thng my nu -1 gm h thng kp, th c th tin hnh kim tra mt trong hai my.
10.6 Kim tra nh k
10.6.1 Quy nh chung
Ngy bt u v kt thc kim tra nh k phi ph hp vi cc yu cu quy nh 5.1.1,
Chng 5 ca Phn ny.
10.6.2 Kim tra nh k thn s lan, trang thit b v thit b cha chy
Ni dung kim tra nh k thn s lan, trang thit b v thit b cha chy phi tun theo cc
yu cu 5.2, Chng 5 ca Phn ny, tng ng vi kt cu, trang thit b v thit b
cha chy ca s lan.
10.6.3 Kim tra nh k h thng my
Vo t kim tra nh k h thng my, phi m kim tra cc my my pht ph, my
ph, bu trao i nhit v bnh kh c s dng trong cc b phn ca nhng h
thng quan trng. Tuy nhin, nu t kt qu kim tra chung v xem xt bin bn bo
dng, ng kim vin thy rng cc my ny u trng thi tho mn th c th
min vic m kim tra.
10.7 Kim tra trn
10.7.1 Quy nh chung
Vo t kim tra trn s lan, phi thc hin cc ni dung kim tra trn lin quan n
s lan nh cc yu cu Chng 6 ca Phn ny.
10.8 Kim tra ni hi
10.8.1 Quy nh chung
Vic kim tra ni phi c thc hin nh quy nh Bng 1B/7.1.
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CHNG 11 KIM TRA TU LN
11.1 Quy nh chung
11.1.1 Phm vi p dng
Vic kim tra phn cp tu ln theo cc quy nh Phn 8C ca Quy chun, phi tha mn
nhng yu cu trong Chng ny, bt k cc yu cu quy nh cc Chng khc
trong Phn ny.
11.1.2 Cc yu cu chung v kim tra
1 Kim tra duy tr cp ca cc tu ln phi ph hp vi cc yu cu quy nh Chng 1
ca Phn ny, tr cc quy nh t -2 n -4.
2 Kim tra duy tr cp
Cc tu ln c ng kim ng k, phn cp phi c ng kim vin kim tra duy
tr cp theo cc yu cu ca Chng ny. Kim tra duy tr cp bao gm kim tra chu k v
kim tra bt thng, nh nu (1) v (2) sau y. Vo mi t kim tra, phi tin hnh
kim tra .
(1) Kim tra chu k
(a) Kim tra trung gian,
(b) Kim tra nh k.
(2) Kim tra bt thng
Kim tra bt thng bao gm vic kim tra tnh trng chung, trng thi h hng hoc
hon ci thn, my v trang thit b ca tu ln. Kim tra bt thng c thc hin
ring bit vi ni dung kim tra (1).
3 Ngy n hn kim tra chu k
(1) Kim tra trung gian: Kim tra trung gian phi c thc hin trong phm vi 3 thng
trc hoc sau ngy n nh kim tra hng nm c nh ngha 1.3.1(17).
(2) Kim tra nh k: Kim tra nh k phi c thc hin vo ngy n hn kim tra quy
nh 1.1.3-1(3).
4 Kim tra chu k trc thi hn
(1) Kim tra nh k c th c thc hin trc thi hn quy nh, nu ch tu yu cu;
(2) Kim tra trung gian c th c thc hin trc thi hn kim tra trung gian, nu ch
tu yu cu. Trong trng hp ny phi thc hin t nht mt t kim tra trung gian
theo cc quy nh khc ca ng kim;
(3) Nu kim tra nh k c thc hin trc thi hn v trng vo thi im kim tra
trung gian th c th b qua kim tra trung gian.
11.2.1 Quy nh chung
Khi kim tra phn cp trong ng mi, phi kim tra k cc kt cu, vt liu, kch thc c
cu, cht lng thi cng ca thn tu cng nh cc thit b ca tu ln v phi xc nhn
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rng chng tha mn cc yu cu tng ng ca Phn 8C ca Quy chun.
11.2.2 Trnh cc bn v v ti liu
1 Cc bn v v ti liu trnh duyt
i vi cc tu ln, c ng kim kim tra phn cp trong ng mi, trc khi thi
cng phi trnh ng kim duyt cc bn v v h s sau y:
(1) Phn chung
(a) Tuyn hnh, bao gm c bng tr s tuyn hnh;
(b) B tr chung;
(c) Mt ct gia tu;
(d) B tr my v thit b (k c my v thit b lp t bn ngoi thn chu p lc);
(e) B tr trm iu ng v bung ;
(f) Cc s liu ca h thng iu ng, my v cc trang thit b khc;
(g) S liu v vt liu ca cc phn quan trng;
(h) Quy trnh hn cc b phn quan trng;
(i) K hoch v quy trnh th.
(2) Thn tu
(a) Kt cu thn chu p lc (k c cc chi tit kt cu);
(b) Kt cu v trang b bo v thn chu p lc v cc khoang chu p lc;
(c) Kt cu cc np y l khot;
(d) Kt cu ca ca l quan st mn;
(e) Kt cu v b tr l khot;
(f) Kt cu v b tr cc tai nng;
(g) Kt cu v b tr thit b chng buc;
(h) Kt cu ca cc khoang ni, kt dn v kt iu chnh cn bng dc ca tu;
(i) B tr boong ln xung tu;
(j) Kt cu cc vch ngn v boong bn trong thn chu p lc.
(3) H thng iu ng v cc h thng lin quan
(a) Kt cu h thng kim sot tnh ni (gm c cc bm nu trang b);
(b) Kt cu h thng iu chnh cn bng dc ca tu (gm c cc bm nu trang b);
(c) Kt cu v trang b h thng gim trng lng v h thng dn cng;
(d) Kt cu h thng chn vt;
(e) Kt cu ca h thng iu ng (k c bm thy lc, ng c v cc bnh nu
trang b);
(f) Kt cu ca cc phng tin nh s c quy nh 4.1.6, Phn 8C ca Quy chun;
(g) Phng tin iu chnh cn bng p sut quy nh 4.2.5, Phn 8C ca Quy
chun;
(h) Kt cu ca bnh p lc;
(i) S ng ng ca h thng dn, iu chnh cn bng dc, ht kh, thy lc,
khng kh nn, bo v sinh mng con ngi v kim sot mi trng, v.v...;
(j) H thng iu khin.
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(4) Trang b in
(a) B tr ngun in chnh v s c;
(b) Bng in chnh;
(c) S dy dn;
(d) Bng np in v phng in.
(5) Nhng bn v v h s khc m ng kim thy cn thit.
2 Cc bn v v ti liu tham kho
i vi cc tu ln d nh c ng kim kim tra phn cp trong ng mi, ngoi cc
quy nh -1 ni trn, phi trnh cho ng kim cc bn v v h s lin quan n cc
hng mc di y tham kho:
(1) Phn chung
(a) Thuyt minh chi tit v thit k v ch to;
(b) Bng lit k cc nh ch to vt liu dng lm cc b phn quan trng, my v
cc trang thit b;
(c) Bn tnh trng lng v trng tm;
(d) Bn tnh tnh ni v tm ni;
(e) Tuyn hnh v kch thc ca thn tu;
(f) ng cong thy lc;
(g) Bn tnh n nh;
(h) Bn tnh cn bng dc;
(i) Bn tnh cc c trng y v iu ng tu;
(j) Bn tnh t l chm v ni ln mt nc;
(k) Ti liu hng dn s dng k c cc hng mc quy nh 1.1.5-1(1), (3), (4), (5),
(6), (11), (12), (13), (15) v (16), Phn 8C ca Quy chun;
(l) Ti liu hng dn bo dng.
(2) Thn tu
(a) Bn tnh bn ca thn chu p lc v khoang chu p lc, cc np y, cc ca
ca l quan st, trang b chng r r v tai nng;
(b) Bo v b mt cc ca mn quan st.
(3) H thng iu ng
(a) Cc s liu ca cc thit b ch bo quy nh 4.1.2-2(3) v 4.1.3(3), Phn 8C ca
Quy chun;
(b) Cc s liu ca dng c o su quy nh 4.1.5, Phn 8C ca Quy chun;
(c) Cc s liu ca thit b o bng siu m v/hoc thit b pht bo ra a quy nh
4.2.7, Phn 8C ca Quy chun;
(d) Cc s liu ca h thng thng tin di nc quy nh 4.2.8, Phn 8C ca Quy
chun;
(e) Cc s liu ca cc bnh p lc cao;
(f) Cc s liu ca ng ng, cc van v ph tng ng;
(g) Bn tnh sc bn ca cc kt, bm v bnh hoc chai p lc c s dng p
lc cao.
(4) Trang b in
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(a) Cc s liu ca t c qui;
(b) Cc s liu ca cp in;
(c) Cc s liu ca ng c;
(d) Cc s liu ca h thng chiu sng;
(e) Cc s liu ca cp in xuyn qua vch;
(f) Cc s liu ca my pht hin H
2
;
(g) Bng tiu th in;
(h) Bn tnh dng on mch.
(5) Phng tin dng cho sinh hot
(a) Cc s liu v trang b ni tht bung ;
(b) Cc s liu v h thng bo v sinh mng con ngi v kim sot mi trng, bao
gm c cc dng c v thit b iu khin;
(c) Tnh ton v kh nng ca h thng bo v sinh mng con ngi v kim sot mi
trng.
(6) H thng ph tr
(a) Cc s liu ca thit b pht hin v tr ca tu ln;
(b) Cc s liu ca h thng lin lc di nc;
(c) Bn tnh kt cu v sc bn ca h thng ko, h thng h thu, h thng hi
phc v cn trc, nu c.
(7) Thit b cha chy: Cc s liu v bnh cha chy.
(8) Cc bn v v h s khc m ng kim thy cn thit.
ng kim vin phi c mt trong cc giai on kim tra sau y:
(1) Khi tin hnh th vt liu theo quy nh Phn 7A ca Quy chun;
(2) Khi vt liu hoc cc thit b lp t ln tu c mua t bn ngoi nh my ang
ng tu ln;
(3) Khi ch to, lp rp trong phn xng hoc khi c ng kim ch nh;
(4) Khi thi cng xong tng phn on ca thn tu;
(5) Khi o cc kch thc c bn ca thn tu;
(6) Khi tin hnh th cc hng mc quy nh 7.2.1, 7.2.2, 7.2.4 v 7.2.5, Phn 8C ca
Quy chun;
(7) Khi tin hnh th cc hng mc quy nh Chng 10, Phn 3 ca Quy chun i vi
cc bnh p lc;
(8) Khi p dng h thng gi cho tu m hoc tu h tr tu ln;
(9) Khi ng kim xt thy cn thit.
11.3 Kim tra phn cp tu khng c gim st ca ng kim trong ng mi
11.3.1 Quy nh chung
1 Phi tin hnh t kim tra tng ng vi t kim tra nh k phn cp cc tu ln
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c ng khng qua gim st ca ng kim. Tuy nhin, qua kt qu kim tra h s khai
thc, nu thy ph hp, ng kim c th thay i su khi th ln.
2 i vi cc tu ln c a vo kim tra phn cp nh quy nh -1 ni trn, phi trnh
ng kim xem xt cc bn v v h s theo trng hp kim tra phn cp trong ng
mi.
11.4 Kim tra chu k
11.4.1 Kim tra trung gian
1 Vo mi t kim tra trung gian, phi kim tra xc nhn rng tu ln trong tnh trng tt
khi c a ln kh, da vo ni dung th v kim tra sau:
(1) Kim tra tnh trng thc t ca thn p sut v cc bung p lc, ca mn quan st v
np ming khoang;
(2) Kim tra tnh trng thc t ca my, thit b v ng ng (k c cc h thng bo v
con ngi v kim sot mi trng) v kim tra mc n mn bn trong ca ng
ng nc bin nu thy cn thit;
(3) i vi cc ca mn quan st, np ming khoang v cc v tr xuyn qua thn p lc
hoc bung p lc v cc ng ng, cc van chu p sut bn ngoi, kim tra cn
thn b lm kn nc v cc van;
(4) Th hot ng hoc th vn hnh nhng thit b sau:
(a) H thng kim sot tnh ni
(b) H thng iu khin chi
(c) H thng iu ng
(d) Cc thit b ch bo vic ng, m ca cc np ming khoang v cc van
(e) Cc bnh c quy
(f) Chiu sng
(g) Thit b o su nu 4.1.5, Phn 8C ca Quy chun
(h) Thit b bo v v thit b ngt s c nu 4.3.4, Phn 8C ca Quy chun
(i) Thit b cn bng p sut nu 4.2.5, Phn 8C ca Quy chun
(j) Cc h thng bo v con ngi v kim sot mi trng.
(5) Th iu chnh cc p k i vi cc bnh c p sut cao, cc thit b ch bo mc cht
lng ca cc kt dn, thit b o nng O
2
, thit b o nng CO
2
, thit b o nng
H
2
, thit b o su v p k o p sut kh bn trong;
(6) Kim tra tnh trng thc t ca cc thit b cha chy v phng tin cu sinh;
(7) Th hot ng di nc su m ng kim thy ph hp;
(8) o cch in ca h thng in;
(9) Kim tra chung cc phng tin tr gip tu m hoc tu tr gip.
2 Vo t kim tra trung gian, ng kim vin c th quyt nh min vic m kim tra b
lm kn nc nu -1(3) v vic th, kim tra nu -1(4)(c), (f), (h) v (j), sau khi kim tra
cc bin bn bo dng v cc bin bn khai thc.
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11.4.2 Kim tra nh k
1 Vo mi t kim tra nh k, phi xc nhn rng tu ln trng thI tt khi c a ln
kh v phi tin hnh th v kim tra cc hng mc sau y:
(1) Kim tra trng thi thc trn thn chu p lc v cc khoang chu p lc, cc ca mn
quan st v np y ming khoang;
(2) Kim tra bn trong cc kt k c cc khoang ni;
(3) o chiu dy ca thn chu p lc v o cong vnh ca vng gia cng, nu thy
cn thit;
(4) Kim tra trng thi thc ca my, trang thit b v ng ng (bao gm c h thng
bo v con ngi v h thng kim sot mi trng) v kim tra n mn bn trong
ca ng nc bin khi thy cn thit;
(5) Kim tra ton b cc my quan trng nh h thng iu ng, bm dn, bm iu
chnh cn bng dc tu, v.v..., m ng kim thy cn thit;
(6) Kim tra m kn nc v th thy lc i vi cc ca mn quan st, np y ming
khoang v trang b chng r r ca thn chu p lc hoc khoang chu p lc v i vi
cc ng, cc van chu p lc bn ngoi (tuy nhin, nu kh thc hin vic th nh vy
th c th thay bng cch th v kim tra khc vi iu kin c ng kim chp
nhn) nh quy nh 7.2.1(3), 7.2.2-4 hoc 7.2.2-6(7), Phn 8C ca Quy chun.
(7) Th hot ng cc hng mc sau y:
(a) H thng kim sot tnh ni;
(b) H thng iu chnh cn bng dc tu;
(c) H thng iu ng tu;
(d) Cc c cu ch v tr ng hoc m ca cc np y ming khoang v cc van;
(e) Cc bnh c quy;
(f) H thng n chiu sng;
(g) Thit b o su quy nh 4.1.5, Phn 8C ca Quy chun;
(h) Phng tin nh thot s c quy nh 4.1.6, Phn 8C ca Quy chun;
(I) Phng tin iu chnh cn bng p lc quy nh 4.2.5, Phn 8C ca Quy
chun;
(j) Thit b o bng siu m v/hoc my pht bo ra a quy nh 4.2.7, Phn 8C
ca Quy chun;
(k) H thng thng tin lin lc di nc quy nh 4.2.8, Phn 8C ca Quy chun;
(l) Thit b bo v v thit b ngt s c quy nh 4.3.4, Phn 8C ca Quy chun;
(m) H thng bo v sinh mng con ngi v kim sot mi trng.
(8) Th iu chnh ng h ch bo p sut ca bnh chu p lc cao, dng c ch bo mc
cht lng ca kt dn, dng c o hm lng O
2
, CO
2
, dng c o hm lng H
2
,
dng c o su v ng h o p lc ca kh bn trong;
(9) Kim tra trng thi thc trn cc dng c cha chy v phng tin cu sinh;
(10) Th hot ng di nc su theo yu cu ca ng kim;
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(11) Th ln n su cc i hoc th thy lc bn ngoi tng ng vi p sut
cc i;
(12) Th in tr cch in ca cc thit b in;
(13) Kim tra trng thi thc t v th hot ng cc phng tin c nh c t trn tu
m hoc tu ph tr v m tra h thng h thu, h thng phc hi hoc cn trc
nng tu, nu thy cn thit;
(14) Kim tra v th cc hng mc khc m ng kim thy cn thit.
2 Vo t kim tra nh k, ng kim vin c th xem xt min gim vic kim tra cc hng
mc quy nh -1 ni trn, nu chng c kim tra trong hoc sau t kim tra trung
gian trc .
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CHNG 12 NHNG YU CU RING I VI
TU CNG TRNH V S LAN CHUYN DNG
12.1 Quy nh chung
12.1.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Mc d c cc quy nh trong cc Chng khc ca Phn ny, khi kim tra phn cp
cc tu cng trnh, cc s lan chuyn dng (c th c cc kho ni) quy nh Phn 8B ca
Quy chun (sau y, trong Chng ny gi l "cc phng tin"), phi thc hin nhng
yu cu trong Chng ny.
2 Nhng yu cu ca Chng ny p dng cho tng phng tin ca mt h thng hp
nht, nu cc phng tin tho mn Phn 8B ca Quy chun v hp thnh mt h thng
vi cc phng tin khc c ch to v lp t cc trang thit b tng t.
3 Cc phng tin tha mn nhng yu cu ca Chng ny cng phi tha mn cc quy
nh ca cc Tiu chun quc gia m ti phng tin c ng k.
12.1.2 Yu cu chung v kim tra
1 Cc yu cu chung v vic kim tra phn cp v kim tra duy tr cp phi tun theo cc yu
cu tng ng Chng 1 ca Phn ny. Khi kim tra phn cp v kim tra duy tr cp,
thng qua vic kim tra, th hoc iu tra n mc ng kim vin thy tho ng, phi
xc nhn rng cc phng tin trong trng thi tt.
2 Bt k cc yu cu nu -1 trn y, cc phng tin tng ng nu 12.1.1-2 ni trn
v cc phng tin m vic p dng cc hng mc kim tra theo yu cu ca Chng ny
c coi l khng thc t do hnh dng hoc mc ch s dng ca phng tin, th c th
p dng cc yu cu khc do ng kim quy nh.
12.2.1 Quy nh chung
1 Khi kim tra phn cp cc phng tin trong ng mi, phi tin hnh kim tra kt cu
thn tu, trang thit b, h thng my tu, trang b in, kt cu phng chy, phng tin
pht hin chy v cha chy, phng tin thot nn, n nh v mn kh ca tu xc
nhn rng chng tha mn nhng yu cu ca Phn 8B ca Quy chun.
2 Khi kim tra phn cp, ngoi cc yu cu tng ng Chng 2 v vt liu, kt cu thn
tu, trang thit b v h thng my, phi thc hin vic kim tra theo cc yu cu nu
12.2.2 v 12.2.3.
12.2.2 Trnh cc bn v v ti liu
1 Cc bn v v ti liu trnh duyt
Khi kim tra phn cp cc phng tin trong ng mi, phi trnh cho ng kim cc bn
v v h s nu (1) v (2) di y duyt trc khi bt u thi cng:
(1) Thn tu
(a) Mt ct ngang (ghi r cc ng nc ti trng, cc ng nc ti trng trng
thi ko);
(b) Mt ct dc;
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(c) Cc chi tit ca cc phng tin kim tra;
(d) Cc chi tit v quy trnh hn;
(e) Cc chi tit v quy trnh sn v quy trnh chng n mn;
(f) Trang b chng buc tm thi, trang b ko;
(g) B tr v kt cu ca h thng nh v;
(h) Bng tng hp phn b trng lng c nh v thay i;
(i) Bn v ch r ti trng thit k phn b cho tt c cc boong;
(j) Thng bo n nh;
(k) Bn hng dn xp d hng, nu bn hng dn xp d hng c cp ph hp
vi yu cu 7.6.1-2, Phn 8B ca Quy chun;
(l) Cc chi tit v quy trnh bo dng, kim tra, s ln v quy trnh kim tra
di nc;
(m) Tuyn hnh, bao gm c bng tr s tuyn hnh;
(n) i vi kho cha ln, h thng cc ming khoang;
(o) Cc bn v v cc h s khc m ng kim thy cn thit.
(2) H thng my tu
(a) i vi cc my c s dng cho h thng hoc thit b quan trng i vi an
ton ca phng tin hoc i vi thit b y phng tin (ch p dng cho
phng tin c my chnh): cc bn v v h s quy nh cc Chng tng
ng trong Phn 3 ca Quy chun;
(b) i vi cc my ch c s dng vo mc ch vn hnh phng tin: cc bn
v v h s quy nh Chng 9 v 10, Phn 3 ca Quy chun;
(c) i vi phng tin c trang b h thng nh v ng: kt cu v s kim
sot ca h thng nh v ng;
(d) i vi phng tin p dng theo 12.1.1-2: quy trnh th my v cc thit b in
hoc cc d tr;
(e) Cc bn v v h s khc m ng kim thy cn thit.
2 Cc bn v v ti liu tham kho
Khi kim tra phn cp trong ng mi, ngoi cc h s v bn v yu cu -1, phi trnh
tham kho cc bn v v h s lit k di y:
(1) Phng php v bn tnh phn tch kt cu i vi cc iu kin ti trng tng ng;
(2) Ti liu hoc h s v iu kin mi trng c s dng xc nh ti trng thit
k, trong phi a ra chi tit cc s liu o c trc y ca vng hot ng nh
sng, gi, v.v; hiu qu ca b gim sng, phng php ko, v.v..., v phng php
tnh ton tng ngoi lc v m men do gi, sng, dng chy v dng thy triu, phn
lc ca h thng chng buc hoc h thng nh v v cc ti trng khc;
(3) H s v nh hng ca ti trng, n nh v din tch hng gi do bng hoc tuyt,
nu c;
(4) Bn tnh v n nh nguyn vn v n nh tai nn mi trng thi;
(5) Cc h s lin quan n cc yu cu t (2) n (4), cc h s lin quan n phng
php th m hnh hoc s dng my tnh, nu ti trng v n nh c xc nh bng
cch dng cc phng php th m hnh thch hp hoc s dng my tnh;
(6) Bn tnh ti trng khai thc quan trng ca cn cu dy ging, thit b khc, v.v..., tc
dng vo kt cu gi ;
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(7) Tuyn hnh, bao gm c bng tr s tuyn hnh;
(8) ng cong pantokaren;
(9) ng cong m men hi phc v m men nghing do gi;
(10) S dung tch v cc bng o su cc kt;
(11) Phng php v v tr kim tra khng ph hy v quy trnh o chiu dy;
(12) S ch r v tr cc khoang kn nc, cc l khot, phng tin ng chng, v.v...,
cn thit cho vic tnh ton n nh;
(13) i vi cc thit b my c dng m bo an ton cho phng tin hoc y
phng tin (ch p dng cho phng tin c lp my chnh): cc bn v v h s
c yu cu trong cc chng tng ng Phn 3 ca Quy chun;
(14) i vi cc my ch s dng cho hot ng ca phng tin: cc bn v v h s m
t cc thit b an ton ca my v thit b quy nh Chng 9 v 10, Phn 3 ca Quy
chun;
(15) Bn hng dn s dng quy nh 1.2.23, Phn 8B ca Quy chun;
(16) i vi kho cha ln, quy trnh th thu lc thn phng tin, bn nh gi cc ming
khoang v quy trnh kim tra chu k, bao gm c vic t kim tra cc ming khoang;
(17) Quy trnh th ng di v th nghing lch;
(18) Bn tnh ton v h thng nh v;
(19) Quy trnh th h thng nh v ng (bao gm cc hng mc th ca kim tra chu k,
quy trnh th v cc tiu chun v.v...);
(20) Cc bn v v h s khc m ng kim thy cn thit.
3 Bt k cc yu cu t -1 n -2, ng kim c th min tr tng phn cc bn v v h
s trnh duyt c quy nh -1 n -2 theo cc quy nh ring khc ca ng kim, khi
phng tin hoc my d nh ch to cng mt nh my, m ti s dng cc bn v
v h s c duyt cho phng tin khc tng t.
1 Khi kim tra phn cp trong ng mi, ng kim vin phi c mt trong cc bc kim tra
sau y v kt cu thn tu, trang thit b, h thng my v trang b in
(1) Khi th v kim tra nh quy nh 2.1.4-1, 2.1.4-2, 12.2.4 v 12.2.5;
(2) i vi h thng my v trang b in, khi th v kim tra nh quy nh 11.1.3 hoc
12.1.3, Phn 8B ca Quy chun;
(3) i vi kho cha ln, khi tin hnh th hot ng cc tm np an ton ti p sut thp
hn p sut hot ng thit k;
(4) i vi nhng phng tin c trang b h thng chng buc nh quy nh Chng
10, Phn 8B ca Quy chun, khi h thng ny c lp t ln phng tin;
(5) i vi phng tin c trang b h thng nh v ng, khi cc cm chi tit ca h thng
nh v ng c lp t ln phng tin v tin hnh th ph hp vi cc ti liu
quy trnh th.
2 Cc yu cu quy nh -1 ni trn c th c thay i ty thuc vo tnh trng thc t
ca phng tin, kh nng k thut v vic kim sot cht lng trong qu trnh ng mi,
tr bc th ng di v th nghing lch.
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12.2.4 Th thy lc, th kn nc v cc cc cuc th tng ng
1 Vic th thy lc v th kn nc khi kim tra phn cp trong ng mi phi ph hp vi
nhng yu cu 2.1.5, Chng 2 ca Phn ny;
2 Bt k cc quy nh -1, vic th thu lc v th kn nc c th thay i ph hp theo
yu cu ca ng kim;
3 i vi cc kho cha ln, phi tin hnh th p lc cc ming khoang vi p sut ti thiu
bng 1,2 ln p sut t ca van an ton chn khng c t cho kho cha.
12.2.5 Th nghing lch v th ng di
1 Th nghing lch
(1) Khi kim tra phn cp, phi tin hnh th nghing lch sau khi ng xong phng
tin. Phi lu gi trn tu bn thng bo n nh c lp trn c s cc s liu v n
nh thu nhn qua kt qu th nghing lch v c ng kim duyt.
(2) Vic th nghing lch cho mt phng tin ring l c th c min gim, nu c cc
s liu v n nh nhn c t vic th nghing lch ca phng tin tng t v
c ng kim chp nhn.
2 Th ng di
(1) i vi cc phng tin c trang b my chnh, vic th ng di phi c tin
hnh ph hp vi nhng quy nh 2.3.2-1 v -3, Chng 2 ca Phn ny;
(2) i vi kho cha ln, sau khi hon thin phn thn kho, ng kim c th yu cu th
ti ch trong nc tnh, trong tnh trng kho hot ng trng thi ti trng khc nghit
nht theo trnh t xc nhn tnh y ca tnh ton l thuyt v xc nh h s an
ton trong qu trnh khai thc.
12.2.6 Kim tra phn cp cc phng tin c ng khng c gim st ca ng kim
1 Khi kim tra phn cp cc phng tin c ng khng c gim st ca ng kim, phi
tin hnh o kch thc thc ca c cu thuc cc b phn chnh ca phng tin b
sung vo ni dung kim tra thn tu, trang thit b, h thng my tu, trang b in, kt cu
phng chy, trang b cha chy, phng tin thot nn, n nh v mn kh nh yu cu
i vi kim tra nh k, tng ng vi tui ca phng tin xc nhn rng chng tha
mn cc yu cu lin quan Phn 8B.
2 i vi cc phng tin c kim tra theo -1 ni trn, phi trnh ng kim duyt cc bn
v v h s cn thit nh yu cu kim tra phn cp trong ng mi quy nh 12.2.2.
3 Phi tin hnh th thy lc v th kn nc ph hp vi nhng yu cu 2.2.2, Chng 2
ca Phn ny.
4 Phi tin hnh th nghing lch v th ng di ph hp vi nhng yu cu 12.2.5.
Tuy nhin, vic th nghing lch v th ng di c th c min vi iu kin c y
s liu trn c s cc t th trc v khng c s hon ci hoc sa cha no
lm nh hng n n kt qu th ng di k t sau t th ng di trc .
12.3 Kim tra hng nm
12.3.1 Quy nh chung
Vo t kim tra hng nm, phi tin hnh kim tra nh quy nh 12.3.2 v 12.3.3. Tuy
nhin, ni dung kim tra c th c thc hin theo cc yu cu tng ng vi ni dung
kim tra nh k, nu ng kim hoc ng kim vin thy cn thit hoc theo yu cu
ring ca ch tu.
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12.3.2 Kim tra hng nm thn tu, trang thit b, h thng cha chy, cc ph tng
v.v...
1 Phi xc nhn rng cc h s v ti liu sau y c lu gi v sn c trn tu:
(1) Bn thng bo n nh c duyt;
(2) S tay ti trng, i vi cc phng tin i hi phi p dng cc quy nh 7.4.1-2,
Phn 8B ca Quy chun;
(3) Bn hng dn vn hnh quy nh 1.2.23, Phn 8B ca Quy chun;
(4) Quy trnh th h thng nh v ng, i vi phng tin c trang b h thng nh v
ng;
(5) Cc hng mc tng ng nu Bng 1B/3.1 v kt cu thn v mc ch s dng
phng tin;
2 Kim tra hng nm thn phng tin, trang thit b, cc h thng cha chy v cc ph tng
Vo mi t kim tra hng nm, ngoi cc hng mc kim tra tng ng v kt cu thn
phng tin, trang thit b v mc ch s dng phng tin 3.2.2 n 3.2.7 ca Chng
3, cn phi kim tra tnh trng chung ca h thng chng buc nh quy nh 10.2.2,
Chng 10, Phn 8B ca Quy chun cng cc ph tng v kt cu thn tu xung quanh
chng, n mc c th c;
3 i vi cc phng tin kiu tu v s lan, ngoi -1 v -2 ni trn, phi tin hnh kim tra
chung cc kt cu ca khu vc xung quanh cc l khot, nh l khot lp thit b
chuyn dng pha trn ng nc.
12.3.3 Kim tra hng nm h thng my tu v trang b in
Vo mi t kim tra hng nm h thng my tu v trang b in, phi kim tra chung h
thng my v trang b in thch hp nh quy nh 3.3 ng thi phi tin hnh kim tra
b sung nh sau:
(1) Kim tra tnh trng chung ca trang b in trong cc khu vc nguy him. i vi cc
phng tin t 10 nm tui tr ln, phi o cch in cc trang b in. Tuy nhin,
c th min vic o cch in nu cc bin bn o thch hp c lu gi trn tu
v c ng kim vin chp nhn;
(2) i vi cc phng tin c trang b h thng nh v ng, phi kim tra chung cc cm
chi tit ca h thng nh v ng v th hot ng ph hp vi quy trnh th h thng.
12.4 Kim tra trung gian
12.4.1 Quy nh chung
Vo cc t kim tra trung gian, phi kim tra nh quy nh 12.4.2 v 12.4.3. Tuy nhin,
c th thc hin ni dung kim tra theo cc yu cu tng ng ca t kim tra nh k,
nu ng kim hoc ng kim vin thy cn thit hoc theo yu cu ring ca ch tu.
12.4.2 Kim tra trung gian thn tu, trang thit b, h thng cha chy v cc ph tng
1 Kim tra xc nhn h s ti liu
Vo cc t kim tra trung gian, phi kim tra xc nhn cc h s v ti liu quy nh
12.3.2-1 c lu gi v c sn trn tu.
2 Kim tra thn phng tin, trang thit b, h thng cha chy v cc ph tng
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Vo cc t kim tra trung gian, ngoi cc hng mc kim tra thch hp nh quy nh
4.2.2 n 4.2.7 tng ng vi kt cu, trang thit b v.v... ca phng tin, phi kim tra
n mc c th cc hng mc kim tra sau y v phi kim tra chung thn phng tin,
trang thit b, cc h thng cha chy v ph tng nh quy nh 12.3.2-2 n -5.
(1) Mt ngoi ca kt cu thn phng tin v cc sn, c bit l bung my v khoang
cch ly i din, cc kt nc nh kt nc dn v cc kt du nh kt du t;
(2) Kim tra chung cc l khot nh cc ca hp l, cc ca ra vo v.v... c yu cu
phi kn nc v kn thi tit cng vi cc phng tin ng v ph tng ca chng
ng thi th kh nng hot ng ca cc phng tin ng.
3 i vi cc phng tin kiu tu v s lan, ngoi cc yu cu -1 v -2, phi kim tra cc
hng mc nh sau:
(1) i vi phng tin trn 5 nm tui, phi kim tra bn trong v o chiu dy mt kt
mt mi hoc ui v t nht 2 kt dn, tr kt dn mt mi hoc ui;
(2) Nu hiu qu ca vic bo v chng n mn ca cc kt ny c xc nh vn m
bo t kt qu vic kim tra bn trong nh (1), th c th min vic o chiu dy;
4 Nu vic kim tra bn trong v o chiu dy cc kt dn nu -3 ni trn, c thc hin
khi kim tra trn nh quy nh 12.7, th c th min kim tra i vi cc kt ny.
12.4.3 Kim tra trung gian h thng my tu v trang b in
Vo t kim tra trung gian h thng my tu v trang b in, phi kim tra vi ni dung
nh quy nh 12.4.3 v cc kim tra lin quan theo quy nh 4.3, Chng 4 ca Phn
ny, tng ng vi loi my v trang b in ca phng tin.
12.5 Kim tra nh k
12.5.1 Quy nh chung
Thi im bt u v kt thc kim tra nh k c quy nh 5.1.1, Chng 5 ca Phn
ny.
12.5.2 Kim tra nh k thn tu, trang thit b, h thng cha chy v cc ph tng
1 Kim tra xc nhn h s v ti liu
Vo t kim tra nh k, phi xc nhn rng cc h s v ti liu nu 12.3.2-1 c lu
gi v c sn trn tu.
2 Kim tra thn phng tin, trang thit b, h thng cha chy v cc ph tng
Vo t kim tra nh k, ngoi cc hng mc kim tra thch hp quy nh 5.2.2 n 5.2.7
(Chng 5 ca Phn ny) tng ng vi kt cu v trang thit b ca phng tin, phi
kim tra cc hng mc di y. ng thi, phi kim tra cn thn i vi thn phng
tin, trang thit b, h thng cha chy v ph tng nh nu 12.4.2-2.
(1) Phi tin hnh kim tra bn trong v bn ngoi thn phng tin, c bit l bung
my, khoang cch ly, cc kt nc nh kt nc dn, cc kt du nh kt du t;
(2) Phi th cc kt bng p sut tng ng vi ct nc cc i m phng tin c th
t ti trong khai thc hoc theo thit k. C th b qua vic th p lc cc kt nu
qua kt qu kim tra bn trong v bn ngoi cc kt, nu ng kim vin thy trng
thi ca cc kt cn tt;
(3) Phi tin hnh o chiu dy ca cc c cu thuc cc phn c lit k t (a) n (c)
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sau y. Phi s dng thit b o siu m hoc cc thit b o khc c chnh xc
c ng kim chp nhn. Phi bo co kt qu o chiu dy cho ng kim. Tuy
nhin, i vi phng tin di 5 tui, c th min o chiu dy nh quy nh (c);
(a) Cc c cu khu vc c ng kim vin cho l c xu hng mn nhanh hoc
thy b n mn nhanh;
(b) Cc phn i din ca khu vc tn b r hoc kt cu khu vc ng nc thay
i trong iu kin khai thc;
(c) Cc c cu nh gi chung v ghi biu n mn;
(4) i vi cc h thng chng buc quy nh Chng 10, Phn 8B ca Quy chun,
phi kim tra nh sau:
(a) i vi h thng neo, h thng chng buc ng lc, phi kim tra cn thn v o
kch thc xch neo hoc cc dy chng buc;
(b) Kim tra chung v th hot ng ca trang b s dng trong cc h thng chng
buc;
(c) i vi h thng chng buc ng lc, nu s dng ng thp lm dy chng buc,
phi kim tra cn thn v o chiu dy cc ng thp
(d) i vi h nh v bng cc (dolphin mooring system), phi kim tra chung cc h
thng m chn, kt cu thn tu xung quanh chng v cc ph tng ca chng.
(5) i vi cc phng tin c trang b h thng nh v ng, phi tin hnh kim tra
cc cm chi tit ca h thng v cc ph kin ca chng, ng thi phi th vn hnh
ph hp vi quy trnh th i vi h thng nh v ng.
3 i vi cc phng tin kiu tu v s lan, ngoi cc hng mc kim tra nu -1 v -2,
phi tin hnh kim tra cn thn cc mc sau y. Tuy nhin, nu phng tin c kim
tra trng thi ni th phi tin hnh kim tra theo nhng yu cu thch hp/cn thit ca
ng kim.
(1) Phi kim tra phn kt cu ph v cc ng ca h thng nh v;
(2) Phi kim tra kt cu v bao quanh l khot (th d: l khot lp thit b chuyn dng);
(3) C th yu cu th khng ph hy nhng b phn quan trng hoc nhng ni tp trung
ng sut nh nhng chi tit nu (1) v (2) hoc nu ng kim vin thy cn thit.
(4) i vi nhng phng tin trn 5 tui, ngoi ni dung kim tra nh nu (1) n (3),
phi o chiu dy cc kt cu trong kt mt mi, kt mt ui v 2 kt dn i din tr
kt mt mi v kt mt ui. Nu hiu qu ca h thng bo v chng n mn ca
nhng kt ny c thy vn m bo t kt qu kim tra bn trong th phm vi o
chiu dy nhng kt cu ny c th c gim xung n mc ng kim thy
tho ng.
12.5.3 Kim tra nh k h thng my tu v trang b in
Vo t kim tra nh k h thng my v trang b in, phi kim tra vi ni dung nh quy
nh 12.3.3 v ni dung kim tra thch hp nh quy nh 5.3 tng ng vi loi my v
trang b in ca phng tin.
12.6 Kim tra trn
12.6.1 Quy nh chung
1 Vo t kim tra trn , phi t phng tin ln cc cn c chiu cao trong kh
hoc trn trin kim tra.
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2 Mc d c yu cu -1 trn y, nu ch tu yu cu v c ng kim chp nhn th
c th p dng phng php kim tra di nc thay th cho kim tra trn kh hoc
trn trin. Nu kim tra trn c chuyn thnh kim tra di nc, th phi tin hnh
kim tra ph hp vi yu cu ca ng kim.
3 Ngoi cc yu cu Chng 6 v 12.7.2, trong t kim tra trn c th yu cu kim
tra theo ni dung kim tra nh k i vi cc hng mc m ng kim vin thy cn thit
hoc do ch tu ngh vo dp kim tra trn .
12.6.2 Kim tra trn
1 Quy nh chung
(1) Vo t kim tra trn , phi kim tra thch ng nh quy nh Bng 1B/6.1 tng
ng vi loi kt cu v ph tng ca phng tin;
(2) Phi m bo tnh hiu qu ca h thng chng n mn trong cc kt dn, khu vc t
do ngp nc v cc khu vc khc tip xc vi nc bin t c hai pha;
(3) i vi cc h thng chng buc quy nh Chng 10, Phn 8B, phi kim tra nh sau:
(a) i vi h thng chng buc neo, h thng chng buc ng lc, phi kim tra cn
thn v o kch thc xch neo hoc cc dy chng buc;
(b) Kim tra chung v th kh nng hot ng ca trang b s dng trong cc h
thng chng buc
(c) Nu s dng ng thp lm dy cng cho h thng chng buc ng lc, th phi
kim tra cn thn v o chiu dy cc ng thp;
(d) i vi h chng buc/nh v bng cc (dolphin mooring system), phi kim tra
chung cc h thng m chn, kt cu thn tu xung quanh chng v cc ph
tng ca chng.
(4) i vi phng tin c trang b h thng nh v ng, phi kim tra chung h thng
v cc ph tng, ng thi phi th hot ng ph hp vi quy trnh i vi h thng
nh v ng.
2 i vi phng tin kiu tu v s lan trn 5 tui, phi kim tra bn trong v th khng ph
hu mt kt mt v t nht 2 kt dn i din khc gia cc vch ngn mt s dng ch
yu dn nc. Tuy nhin, nu h thng chng n mn ca cc khoang dn ny c
xem l tho mn th c th min th khng ph hu.
12.7 Kim tra ni hi v thit b hm du
12.7.1 Quy nh chung
Phi tin hnh kim tra ni hi v thit b hm du ph hp vi cc quy nh Chng 7.
12.8 Kim tra trc chn vt v trc chn vt trong ng bao ui
12.8.1 Quy nh chung
i vi nhng phng tin c lp my chnh, phi tin hnh kim tra trc chn vt v trc
chn vt trong ng bao ui ph hp vi quy nh Chng 8 ca Phn ny.
12.9 Kim tra h thng my tu theo k hoch
12.9.1 Quy nh chung
Phi tin hnh kim tra h thng my tu theo k hoch ph hp vi cc yu cu
Chng 9 ca Phn ny.

173
PHN 2A KT CU THN TU V TRANG THIT B
TU DI T 90 MT TR LN
Rules for the Classification and Construction of Sea-going Steel Ships
Part 2A Hull Construction and Equipment of Ships
of 90 Metres and over in Length
CHNG 1 QUY NH CHUNG
1.1 Quy nh chung
1.1.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Nhng quy nh trong Phn ny c p dng cho cc tu c chiu di t 90 mt tr ln,
c hnh dng v t s kch thc thng thng, c vng hot ng khng hn ch.
2 i vi nhng tu c vng hot ng hn ch, kt cu thn tu, trang thit b v kch
thc c cu c th c thay i ph hp vi iu kin khai thc.
3 Khi p dng nhng quy nh tng ng ca Phn ny cho cc tu khng p dng nhng
quy nh Phn 11 Mn kh (sau y gi l Phn 11), L
f
c ly bng L v B
f
c ly
bng B.
1.1.2 Trng hp p dng c bit
i vi cc tu c chiu di qu ln hoc v l do ring no m khng th p dng trc
tip nhng quy nh ca Phn ny, c th c c quan c thm quyn xem xt v quyt
nh trong tng trng hp c th, khng ph thuc vo nhng quy nh 1.1.1.
1.1.3 Cc tu c hnh dng v t s kch thc khc thng hoc tu dng ch
hng c bit
1 i vi cc tu c hnh dng v t s kch thc khc thng hoc tu dng ch hng
c bit, nhng quy nh c lin quan n kt cu thn tu, trang thit b v kch thc c
cu s c quy nh ring da trn nhng nguyn tc chung ca Quy chun thay cho
nhng quy nh Phn ny.
2 i vi nhng tu c d nh ch g sc trong khoang v/hoc trn boong, ngoi vic
phi ghi k hiu ng nc ch hng tng ng vi du mn kh ch g ph hp vi
cc quy nh Phn 11, cc thnh phn kt cu thn tu cn phi c bo v mc
hp l c ng kim chp nhn. Ngoi ra, i vi cc tu c d nh ch g sc trn
boong cn phi xem xt c bit n vic xp v chng buc g.
3 Cc kt cu boong ch xe c v.v... phi p dng cc quy nh 8.9 v 15.3.5.
4 Vic gia cng ch cng te n phi c thc hin ph hp vi cc quy nh ca
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30.2.1, cc kt cu cng te n, nu c, phi ph hp vi cc quy nh ca 30.7.
1.1.4 Tu khch
Nu khng c quy nh no khc, kt cu thn tu, trang thit b v kch thc c cu ca
tu khch c quy nh Phn 8F Tu khch.
1.1.5 Thay th tng ng
Kt cu thn tu, trang thit b, b tr v kch thc c cu ca tu khc vi nhng quy
nh Phn ny s c xem xt v chp nhn nu xt thy chng tng ng vi
nhng quy nh Phn ny.
1.1.6 n nh
Nhng quy nh Phn ny c p dng cho cc tu c n nh tt c cc trng
thi theo yu cu. Tuy vy, ng kim nhn mnh rng ngi thit k tu, ng tu v ch
tu vn phi quan tm n tnh n nh ca tu trong qu trnh ng mi v khai thc.
1.1.7 Vt liu
1 Nu khng c quy nh no khc, th nhng yu cu Phn ny c da trn c s
nhng yu cu ca Phn 7A Vt liu (sau y gi l Phn 7A).
2 Khi s dng cc thp bn cao quy nh Chng 3, Phn 7A ca Quy phm, kt cu
v quy cch c cu thn tu phi tho mn yu cu t (1) n (3) sau y:
(1) M un chng un tit din ngang thn tu phi khng nh hn tr s xc nh bng
cch nhn vi cc h s sau y vi tr s quy nh Chng 13.
0,78: Nu s dng thp bn cao cp A32, D32, E32 hoc F32
(2) Chiu dy tn boong v tn mn, m un chng un tit din ca cc np v quy cch
ca cc kt cu khc phi c xem xt ring khng ph thuc vo cc yu cu (1).
(3) Khi s dng thp bn cao tr cc thp nu (1) trn, kt cu v quy cch ca c
cu thn tu phi c ng kim xem xt ring.
3 Nu dng thp khng g hoc thp c lp bc khng g quy nh Chng 3, Phn 7A,
lm cc c cu chnh thn tu, th vic dng vt liu v kch thc cc c cu thn tu
phi tha mn nhng quy nh sau:
(1) M un chng un tit din ngang thn tu phi khng nh hn tr s tnh bng cch
nhn h s (K) di y vi tr s quy nh Chng 13. Tuy nhin, h s (K) phi
c lm trn n 3 ch s thp phn v khng nh hn 0,72.
2
y y

K f 8,81 7,56 2,29
1000 1000

| | | |

= +
` | |
\ . \ .
)

Trong :
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175
y
o : bn chy hoc ng sut th ca thp khng g hoc thp c lp bc
khng g (N/ mm
2
) quy nh Chng 3, Phn 7A.
f : Tr s tnh theo cng thc sau: f =0,0025 (T - 60) +1,0
T : Nhit ln nht ca hng ha tip xc vi vt liu thn tu, tnh bng
o
C.
Nu T nh hn 60
o
C th ly bng 60
o
C, nu T ln hn 100
o
C th phi c
xem xt c bit.
(2) Nu dng vt liu c tnh chng n mn hu hiu i vi loi hng ha d nh
chuyn ch th c th c xem xt gim quy cch cc c cu tng ng mt cch
thch hp.
4 Nu dng vt liu khng phi l thp ph hp vi yu cu Phn 7A lm cc c cu
chnh ca thn tu th vic s dng vt liu v quy cch cc cc c cu tng ng phi
c xem xt c bit.
5 Nu dng vt liu khc vi loi vt liu quy nh Quy chun ny lm cc c cu
thn tu, th vic dng vt liu v kch thc cc c cu tng ng phi c xem
xt c bit.
6 Vic dng vt liu lm cc c cu thn tu ca nhng tu hot ng vng ven bin
c th c c quan c thm quyn xem xt v quy nh trong tng trng hp c th.
1.1.8 Kt cu phng chng chy
Kt cu phng chng chy phi tha mn cc quy nh Phn 5 Phng, pht hin v
cha chy (sau y gi l Phn 5).
1.1.9 Phng tin thot nn
Phng tin thot nn phi tha mn cc quy nh Phn 5.
1.1.10 Phng tin tip cn
Phng tin tip cn phi tha mn cc quy nh Chng 33.
1.1.11 S dng thp
1 Cc thp dng lm kt cu thn tu c cp nh quy nh Phn 7A phi ph hp vi yu
cu Bng 2A/1.1 v 2A/1.2. Khi p dng cc quy nh ny thp cp B, D hoc E c th
thay th cho A; thp cp D hoc E c th thay th cho B; thp cp E c th thay th cho
D; thp cp D32, E32 hoc F32 c th thay th cho A32; thp cp E32 hoc F32 c th
thay th cho D32; thp cp F32 c th thay th cho E32; thp cp D36, E36 hoc F36
c th thay th cho A36; thp cp E36 hoc F36 c th thay th cho D36; thp cp F36
c th thay th cho E36; thp cp D40, E40 hoc F40 c th thay th cho A40; thp
cp E40 hoc F40 c th thay th cho D40; thp cp F40 c th thay th cho E40, mt
cch tng ng.
2 Trong phm vi 0,4 L gia tu, chiu rng ca cc di tn n ca tn mp mn k vi
boong tnh ton, tn mp boong boong tnh ton, tn hng, tn boong k vi vch dc
v cc c cu khc s dng thp cp E, E32, E36, E40, F32, F36 v F40 phi khng nh
hn tr s cho bi cng thc sau, ln nht l bng 1800 mm. Chiu rng di tn n ny
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

176
mp boong ni ln phi tho mn yu cu ca ng kim.
5 L
1
+800 (mm)
L
1
: Chiu di tu quy nh 1.2.20 Phn 1A hoc 0,97 ln chiu di tu o ng
ti trng, ly tr s nh hn (m).
3 Nu dng thp khng g hoc thp c lp bc khng g quy nh Chng 3, Phn 7A
lm cc c cu thn tu th chiu dy ca vt liu c bn phi c ly nh chiu dy cc
tm Bng 2A/1.1 v 2A/1.2.
4 Cc thp c chiu dy t 50 mm n 100 mm dng lm sng ui phi l thp cp E, E32,
E36 v E40.
5 Vic s dng thp c chiu dy ln hn 50 mm lm kt cu thn tu, tr sng ui phi
tho mn yu cu ng kim.
6 Nu s dng thp c c tnh khc vi cc thp quy nh Bng 2A/1.1 v 2A/1.2 th vic
s dng loi thp phi c c quan c thm quyn xem xt c bit trn c s c
tnh v quy cch ca thp c trnh duyt.
1.1.12 Quy nh c bit i vi vic s dng thp
1 i vi nhng tu c thit k trn c s nhit thit k ring (T
D
) hot ng
vng c nhit mi trng thp (v d: vng Bc cc hoc Nam cc), th vic s dng
thp lm cc c cu thn tu phi ph hp vi nhit thit k, khng ph thuc vo
nhng quy nh v s dng thp Bng 2A/1.1 v 2A/1.2.
2 i vi nhng tu ch hng c nhit thp, vic s dng thp lm cc c cu dc trong
hm hng phi ph hp vi nhit thit k (T
D
), khng ph thuc vo nhng quy nh v
vic s dng thp Bng 2A/1.1 v 2A/1.2. Trong trng hp ny nhit thit k T
D

phi c xc nh.
3 Nhng tu tun th cc quy nh -1 c ng k vi cc du hiu tng ng.
1.1.13 Quy cch c cu
1 Phn gia v cc phn mt ca tu s dng khi m t v tr c cu v quy cch ca
chng l cc on thn tu c quy nh tng ng 1.2.27 v 1.2.28 Phn 1A.
2 Nu khng c quy nh no khc, quy cch ca cc c cu thn tu c th gim dn t
gia tu v mi v ui.
3 Nu khng c quy nh no khc th m un chng un theo yu cu ca Quy chun l
ca tit din c cu thn tu bao gm c mp km. Mp km c ly rng bng 0,1l v
mi bn ca c cu nhng khng c ln hn mt na khong cch cc c cu. I l
chiu di nhp ca c cu ly theo cc quy nh c lin quan.
4 Khi tnh ton m un chng un tit din ca cc c cu dc hoc np dc, nu cc c
cu ny c hu hiu pha trong nhp l c nu trong cng thc, th tr s M un
chng un c th c gim thch hp.
5 Nu dng thp dt, thp gc hoc tm c tm mp lm cc x, sn, np v cc thp
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

177
ny c m un chng un tit din c xc nh th chng phi c chiu cao v chiu
dy theo cng t l vi m un chng un tit din theo yu cu ca Quy chun.
6 i vi cc c cu nh sng, ngang c din tch tit din bn mp c xc nh,
chiu rng bn mp (b) phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau nu mp trong
ca tm thnh c b mp thay cho gn mp
b =
100A
1,5t
t
+ (mm)
Trong :
A : Din tch tit din bn mp theo yu cu (cm
2
);
t : Chiu dy bn thnh (mm).
1.1.14 Lin kt mt ca cc np, sng v sn
1 Nu mt ca cc sng c lin kt vi cc kt cu nh vch, y trn th cc mi lin kt
mt y ca cc sng phi c cn bng bi cc c cu hu hiu mt bn kia ca
cc kt cu y.
2 Nu khng c quy nh no khc th chiu di cnh lin kt ca m vi sn hoc np ca
cc kt cu nh vch hoc kt su phi khng nh hn 1/8 ca l theo quy nh chng
c lin quan.
3 Nu np cc dm dc xuyn qua cc ngang y hoc cc sng ngang trong cc kt
th lin kt ca cc np vi cc dm dc phi c bn mi chu ng c p lc
thy ng pht sinh trong kt. Chiu dy ca np phi khng nh hn chiu dy ti thiu
quy nh i vi ngang y hoc sng ngang v chiu cao tit din ca np phi khng
nh hn 0,08 ln chiu cao tit din ca ngang y hoc sng ngang (d
0
(mm)) sau khi
tr i chiu cao tit din ca dm dc. Tuy nhin, cc np c bn tng ng
hoc ln hn c th c chp nhn.
1.1.15 M
1 Kch thc ca m phi c xc nh ty thuc chiu di cnh lin kt di hn theo Bng
2A/1.3.
2 Chiu dy ca m phi c tng thch ng nu chiu cao tit din hiu dng ca m
nh hn 2/3 cnh lin kt di hn ca m.
3 Nu m c l khot gim trng lng th khong cch t mp l khot n cnh t do ca
m phi khng nh hn ng knh l khot.
4 Nu chiu di cnh lin kt di hn ca m ln hn 800 mm th cnh t do ca m phi
c gia cng bng mp b hoc bng hnh thc khc tr khi t m chng vn hoc c
cu tng t.
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178
Bng 2A/1.1 Danh mc s dng thp thng cho cc c cu thn tu
Chiu dy tn t (mm)
Tn c cu Vng s dng
t

s

1
5

1
5

<

t

s

2
0

2
0

<

t

s

2
5

2
5

<

t

s

3
0

3
0

<

t

s

4
0

4
0

<

t

s

5
0

Tn mn
L
1
s 250 A
(1)(4
)

B D E
Phm vi 0,4 L gia tu
L
1
> 250 E
Phm vi 0,6 L gia tu ngoi vng
trn
A
(1)(4)
B D E
Tn mp mn k
boong tnh ton
Ngoi vng nu trn A
(1)(4)
B D
Phm vi 0,1 D tr xung
tnh t mt di ca
boong tnh ton
A
(1)(4)
B D E
Tn mn
Phm vi
0,4 L
gia tu
Ngoi vng nu trn A
(1)(4)
B D
L
1
> 250 D E
Phm vi
0,4 L
gia tu
Tu c 150 <L
1
s 250,
c kt cu y i hoc
y n
A
(1)(4)
B D E
trn
A
(1)(4)
B D E

Di tn hng
Ngoi cc trng hp trn A
(1)(4)
B D
Tn y k c di
tn gia y
Phm vi 0,4 L gia tu
A B D E
Tn boong
L
1
s 250 A
(2)
B D E
Phm vi 0,4 L gia
tu
L
1
> 250 E
trn
A B D E
Di tn mp ca
boong tnh ton
Ngoi vng nu trn A B D
Phm vi 0,4 L gia tu A
(2)
B D E
Phm vi 0,6 L gia tu ngoi
vng trn
A B D E
Di tn boong tnh
ton k vi vch
dc
Ngoi vng nu trn A B D
Boong tnh ton
khc vi nu trn
Phm vi 0,4 L gia tu A
(2)
B D E

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

179
Bng 2A/1.1 Danh mc s dng thp thng cho cc c cu thn tu
(tip theo)
Chiu dy tn t (mm)
Tn c cu Vng s dng

t

s

1
5

1
5

<

t

s

2
0

2
0

<

t

s

2
5

2
5

<

t

s

3
0

3
0

<

t

s

4
0

4
0

<

t

s

5
0

Tu cng te n v cc tu c dng
ming khoang tng t
A
(2)
B D E
Phm vi 0,6 L
gia tu
A
(2)
B D E Tu hng ri, tu
ch qung, tu ch
hng hn hp v
tu c kiu ming
khoang tng t
Ngoi phm vi
trn trong vng
hng ho
A B D E
Gc ming
khoang ca
boong tnh ton
Khc vi quy nh trn trong phm vi
0,4 L gia tu
A
(2)
B D E
Boong l thin,
ni chung
Phm vi 0,4 L gia tu A B D
Tn vch dc
Di tn trn cng ca vch dc k vi boong tnh ton
trong phm vi 0,4 L gia tu
A B D E
Di tn di cng ca vch dc k vi tn y trn
phm vi 0,4 L gia tu
A B D
Cc c cu dc
Di tn trn cng ca vch nghing kt nh mn k vi
boong tnh ton trong phm vi 0,4 L gia tu
A B D E
Cc c cu dc nm pha trn ca boong tnh ton k
c cc m v bn mp ca c cu dc trong phm vi 0,4
L gia tu
A
(3)
B D E
Ming hm hng
Phm vi 0,4 L gia
tu
D E
Phm vi 0,6 L gia
tu, ngoi vng trn
D E
Tm thnh v bn
mp ca thnh
dc ming hm
ko di trn
boong tnh ton
C cu dc
c chiu di
ln hn
0,15 L v
m mt v
chuyn tip
vi lu
Ngoi cc vng
nu trn
D
Sng ui
Sng ui, gi bnh
li, gi ch nhn
A B D E
Bnh li
Tn bnh li A B D E
Cc c cu khc
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

180
Cc c cu khc vi cc c cu nu trn A
(1)(4)

Ch thch:
(1)
Vi cc tu c chiu di L
1
ln hn 150 m c boong n, cc di tn ny i vi cc tu
khng c vch dc lin tc bn trong i t y n boong trong vng hng ho phi t
nht l cp B theo quy nh Phn 7A ca Quy chun.
(2)
1
ln hn 150 m c boong n, cc c cu dc ny ca boong
tnh ton trong phm vi 0,4 L gia tu phi t nht l cp B theo quy nh Phn 7A ca
Quy chun.
(3)
1
ln hn 150 m c boong n, cc c cu dc lin tc ny ca
boong tnh ton trong phm vi 0,4 L gia tu phi t nht l cp B theo quy nh Phn
7A ca Quy phm.
(4)
Vi cc tu gia cng i bng nh quy nh Chng 5 Phn 8G ca Quy phm, cc
di tn mn vng gia cng chng bng phi ti thiu l cp B theo quy nh Phn
7A ca Quy phm.
Lu :
1. L
1
l chiu di tu (m) quy nh 1.2.20 Phn 1A hoc 0,97 ln chiu di (m) ca tu o
trn ng nc ti trng, ly gi tr no nh hn.
2. Nu di tn boong tnh ton k vi mn trong ca tu mn kp khng phi l tn mp
boong th di tn boong ny c th p dng nh tn boong bnh thng.
3. Phn c gi l di tn hng l phn sau y:
(1) Nu im m ng y bng khng cn song song vi vi ng tm tu
nm trong phm vi 0,6 L gia tu th phn p dng c ly l 0,6 L gia tu.
(2) Nu im m ng y bng khng cn song song vi vi ng tm tu
nm ngoi phm vi 0,6 L gia tu th phn p dng c ly l vng theo im
kt thc.
4. Cp thp s dng vng cht di ca bnh li kiu D v kiu E quy nh Chng 25
v vng phn trn trc li ca bnh li kiu C quy nh Chng 25 phi c ng
kim xt duyt.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

181
Bng 2A/1.2 Danh mc s dng thp bn cao cho cc c cu thn tu
Chiu dy tn t (mm)
Tn c cu Vng s dng
t

s

1
5

1
5

<

t

s

2
0

2
0

<

t

s

2
5

2
5

<

t

s

3
0

3
0

<

t

s

4
0

4
0

<

t

s

5
0

Tn v
L
1
s 250 AH DH EH
Phm vi 0,4 L gia tu
L
1
> 250 EH
trn
AH DH EH

Tn mp mn k
boong tnh ton
Ngoi vng nu trn AH DH
Phm vi 0,1 D tr
xung tnh t mt di
ca boong tnh ton
AH DH EH
Tn mn
Phm vi
0,4 L gia
tu
Tu c L
1
>250 DH EH
Phm vi
0,4 L gia
tu
Tu c 150 <L
1
(250
c kt cu y i
hoc y n)
AH DH EH
nu trn
AH DH EH

Di tn hng
Ngoi cc trng hp nu trn
AH DH
Tn y k c
di tn gia y
Phm vi 0,4 L gia tu AH DH EH
Tn boong
L
1
s 250 AH DH EH
Phm vi 0,4 L gia tu
L
1
> 250 EH
trn
AH DH EH
Di tn mp ca
boong tnh ton
nu trn
AH DH EH
Di tn boong
tnh ton lin kt
vi vch dc
Ngoi cc vng nu trn AH DH
Tn boong tnh
ton khc vi
vng trn
Tu cng te n v cc tu khc c
dng ming khoang tng t
AH DH EH
Phm vi 0,6 L
gia tu
AH DH EH
Tu hng ri, tu
ch qung, tu
ch hn hp v
cc tu c dng
ming khoang
tng t

Ngoi phm vi
nu trn
AH DH EH
Gc ming
khoang boong
tnh ton
Ngoi phm vi nu trn vng 0,4 L
gia tu
AH DH EH
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

182
Boong l thin,
ni chung
Phm vi 0,4 L gia tu AH DH
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

183
Bng 2A/1.2 Danh mc s dng thp bn cao cho cc c cu thn tu (tip theo)
Chiu dy tn t (mm)
Tn c cu Vng s dng
t

s

1
5

1
5

<

t

s

2
0

2
0

<

t

s

2
5

2
5

<

t

s

3
0

3
0

<

t

s

4
0

4
0

<

t

s

5
0

Tn vch dc
Di tn trn
cng k vi
boong tnh ton
ca vch dc
Di tn di
cng k vi y
ca vch dc
Phm vi 0,4 L gia tu AH EH
C cu dc
Di tn trn
cng k vi
boong tnh ton
ca vch
nghing kt
nh mn
Cc c cu dc
nm pha trn
ca boong tnh
ton k c m
v bn mp c
cu dc
Ming hm hng
Phm vi 0,4 L gia tu DH EH
Phm vi 0,6 L gia
tu ngoi vng nu
trn
DH EH
Tm thnh v
tm mp ca
thnh dc
ming khoang
hng boong
tnh ton
C cu dc
lin tc c
chiu di ln
hn 0,15 L v
cc m mt v
phn chuyn
tip vi lu
Ngoi vng nu trn DH
Sng ui
Sng ui, gi bnh
li, gi ch nhn
- AH DH EH
Bnh li
Tn bnh li - AH DH EH
Cc c cu khc
Cc c cu khc cn li AH
Lu :
1. AH, DH, EH ly tng ng cho cc cp thp sau.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

184
AH: A32, A36 v A40 v DH: D32, D36 v D40; EH: E32, E36 v E40
2. L
1
l chiu di tu c quy nh 1.2.20 Phn 1A hoc 0,97 chiu di tu o trn ng
nc ch hng thit k, ly gi tr no nh hn (m).
3 Nu di tn ca boong tnh ton lin kt vi mn trong ca tu mn kp khng phi l tn
mp boong th di tn boong ny c th p dng nh tn boong bnh thng.
4 Phn c gi l di tn hng l phn sau y:
(1) Nu im m ng y bng khng cn song song vi vi ng tm tu nm
trong phm vi 0,6 L gia tu th phn p dng c ly l 0,6 L gia tu.
(2) Nu im m ng y bng khng cn song song vi vi ng tm tu nm
ngoi phm vi 0,6 L gia tu th phn p dng c ly l vng theo im kt thc.
5. Cp thp s dng vng cht di ca bnh li kiu D v kiu E quy nh Chng 25 v
vng phn trn trc li ca bnh li kiu C quy nh Chng 25 phi c ng kim xt duyt.
Bng 2A/1.3 M
(n v: mm)
Chiu dy Chiu dy
Chiu di ca
cnh lin kt
di hn
M
phng
M c
mp
Chiu
rng mp
Chiu di ca
cnh lin kt
di hn
M
phng
M c
mp
Chiu
rng
mp
150 6,5 - - 700 14,0 9,5 70
200 7,0 6,5 30 750 14,5 10,0 70
250 8,0 6,5 30 800 - 10,5 80
300 8,5 7,0 40 850 - 11,0 85
350 9,0 7,0 40 900 - 11,0 90
400 10,0 8,0 50 950 - 11,5 90
450 10,5 8,0 50 1.000 - 11,5 95
500 11,0 8,5 55 1.050 - 12,0 100
550 12,0 8,5 55 1.100 - 12,5 105
600 12,5 9,0 60 1.150 - 12,5 110
650 13,0 9,0 60
1.1.16 Thay i chiu di nhp (l) khi m dy hn
Khi m lin kt dy hn bn thnh ca sng th tr s l quy nh Chng 6 v t
Chng 9 n Chng 12 c th c thay i ph hp nh sau:
(1) Nu din tch tit din bn mp ca m ln hn mt na din tch tit din bn mp
ca sng v bn mp ca sng c ko ti vch, boong, y trn, v.v..., th l c th
c o n im cch nh m 0,15 mt vo pha trong ca m.
(2) Khi din tch tit din bn mp ca m nh hn 1/2 din tch tit din bn mp ca
sng v bn mp ca sng c ko ti vch, boong, y trn, v.v, th l c th c
o n im m ti tng din tch tit din ngang ca m v bn mp, ngoi
phm vi ca sng, bng din tch tit din bn mp ca sng hoc n im cch nh
m 0,15 mt vo pha trong m, ly tr s no ln hn.
(3) Khi c gn m v bn mp ca sng chy di theo cnh t do ca m cho n vch,
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

185
boong, y trn, v.v..., k c khi cnh t do ca m c ln trn th l vn c o
n nh m.
(4) M c xem l khng c tc dng pha ngoi im m ti cnh lin kt dc theo
sng ca m bng 1,5 ln chiu di cnh lin kt ca m vi vch, boong, y trn, v.v...
(5) Khng c gim l mi u i mt lng ln hn 1/4 chiu di ton b ca sng
bao gm c lin kt hai u.
1.1.17 Cht lng sn phm
1 Cht lng sn phm phi t mc cao nht. Trong qu trnh ng tu, c s ng tu
phi tin hnh kim tra v gim st t m tt c cc cng vic trong nh xng v ngoi
trin .
2 Lin kt ca tt c cc b phn kt cu thn tu phi chc chn v hon ho.
3 Mp tn phi chnh xc v hon ho.
4 Gc ln pha trong ca mp b phi khng nh hn hai ln nhng khng ln hn ba ln
chiu dy tm tn.
5 Nu c cu thng i xuyn qua vch hoc boong kn nc, th vch v boong y phi c
cu to kn nc, khng c dng g hoc xi mng lm kn.
6 Chi tit v mi hn v cht lng mi hn phi tha mn cc quy nh Phn 6.
1.1.18 Ln
Tt c cc tu nn c a ln kim tra trong vng 6 thng sau khi h thy.
1.1.19 Thit b
Ct cu, dy chng, thit b nng hng, thit b chng buc v thit b neo v cc trang b,
dng c khc nu khng c quy nh Phn ny th phi c b tr v kt cu tng ng
ph hp vi mc ch s dng v vic kim tra phi c tin hnh theo yu cu ca
ng kim vin khi xt thy cn thit.
1.1.20 Ch du hoc cht lng d chy khc
1 Nhng yu cu i vi kt cu thn tu v trang thit b ca tu ch du t quy nh
Phn ny p dng cho cc tu ch du t c nhit chp chy khng nh hn 60
o
C
xc nh bng cch th trong cc kn.
2 Kt cu thn tu v trang thit b ca tu ch du t c nhit chp chy nh hn 60
o
C xc nh bng cch th trong cc kn phi ph hp vi nhng quy nh Phn ny
cng nh nhng quy nh khc nu ng kim thy cn thit.
3 Kt cu v b tr ca kt su ca cc tu dng ch du hng phi ph hp vi cc quy
nh Chng 27.
4 Khng c ch du hoc cc cht lng d chy khc cc kt nm pha trc vch
chng va.
1.1.21 Bin php kim sot n mn
1 Nu p dng bin php kim sot n mn c duyt cho cc kt, th quy cch cc c
cu ca kt theo quy nh c th c gim i khi c ng kim chp nhn.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

186
2 Nu quy cch cc c cu c gim theo -1 trn th k hiu cp tu s c thm du hiu
CoC.
1.1.22 Tnh ton trc tip
1 Khi c ng kim chp thun c th p dng phng php tnh ton trc tip xc
nh quy cch ca cc c cu chnh. Nu p dng phng php tnh ton trc tip th phi
trnh cc s liu cn thit cho tnh ton ng kim xem xt.
2 Nu ng kim thy cn phi da trn cc yu t nh kiu v kch c ca tu th kch
thc ca cc c cu chnh phi c xc nh bng phn tch bn trc tip.
1.1.23 Cc chi tit kt cu
1 Phi c gng trnh s gin on v s thay i t ngt ca tit din c cu.
2 Gc ca tt c cc l khot phi c ln u.
3 Khi cc c cu cng c din tch tit din nh, chng hn m, c hn vi tn tng i
mng th t nht hai u ca cc c cu phi c hn ln cc c cu cng khc.
4 Khi ng kim thy cn thit, phi tin hnh nh gi bn mi i vi cc chi tit kt
cu ca cc vng c tp trung ng sut nh cc lin kt ca c cu dc (vng gia vch
trc bung my v vch chng va) v cc c cu ngang (bao gm cc c cu ngang
thng, vch ngang hoc ngang); cc sng lin kt vi tn mn hoc vch; v cc c
cu khng lin tc.
5 Khi vic nh gi bn mi theo quy nh -4 c yu cu, th phi trnh cc ti liu lin
quan n vic nh gi bn mi cho ng kim xem xt.
1.1.24 S nhn dng tu
1 i vi cc tu hng c tng dung tch (GT) khng nh hn 300 thc hin chuyn i quc
t, s nhn dng ca tu phi c nh du c nh nh sau:
(1) mt v tr thy c ui tu hoc c hai mn ti gia tu, bn trn ng
nc thit k cao nht hoc c hai mn ca thng tng hoc pha trc ca
thng tng v.v
(2) mt v tr d n trn mt trong s cc vch sau ca cc bung my nh nh ngha
1.2.50, Phn 1A, hoc trn mt trong s cc ming khoang, hoc i vi tu du l
bung bm, hoc i vi tu c khoang ro-ro nh ngha 3.2.41, Phn 5 l mt
trong s cc vch sau ca cc khoang ro-ro.
2 S nhn dng ca tu phi c nh du nh sau.
(1) Du hiu c nh phi r rng, phn bit vi bt k du hiu no khc trn thn tu v
c sn bng mu tng phn vi xung quanh.
(2) Du hiu c nh nu -1(1) phi cao ti thiu l 200 mm v du hiu c nh nu -
1(2) phi cao ti thiu l 100 mm. Chiu rng ca du hiu cn i vi chiu cao.
(3) Du hiu c nh phi lm bng ch ni hoc khc chm hoc t chm hoc bng
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

187
phng php nh du tng ng khc, v c th m bo c rng du hiu
khng d dng xo c. Trong trng hp ny, phng php nh du phi khng
lm nh hng n bn ca kt cu thn tu.
1.2 Hn
1.2.1 Phm vi p dng
ng hn dng trong kt cu thn tu v cc thit b quan trng phi ph hp vi cc
yu cu Phn 6 Hn (sau y gi l Phn 6) v nhng yu cu 1.2 ca Phn ny.
1.2.2 B tr
1 Phi c bit quan tm ti vic b tr cc c cu thn tu sao cho c th tin hnh hn
mt cch thun tin.
2 ng hn phi c b tr xa nhng ni c th c tp trung ng sut ln.
1.2.3 Chi tit mi hn
1 Chi tit v mi hn gip mp v mi hn chng mp phi ph hp vi nhng yu cu
Chng 2, Phn 6. Chiu rng mp chng ca mi hn chng mp hoc chng mp kiu
un ln c kh nng phi chu un phi tng ng vi cc tiu chun sau:
(1) Chiu rng mp chng (b
c
) ca mi hn chng mp phi khng nh hn tr s xc nh
theo cng thc sau y, nhng khng cn vt qu 50 mm.
b
c
=2t +25 (mm)
Trong :
t : Chiu dy ca tm mng hn, mm.
(2) Chiu rng phn chng (b
c
) ca mi hn chng mp kiu un ln phi khng nh
hn tr s xc nh theo cng thc sau y, nhng khng cn vt qu 40 mm.
b
c
=t +25 (mm)
Trong :
t : Chiu dy ca tm mng hn, mm.
2 i vi mi hn gip mp ca cc tm c chiu dy chnh nhau ln hn 4 mm, mp ca
tm dy hn ni chung phi c vt i khng qu 1/3 u ca tm dy hn.
3 S hiu v quy cch ca mi hn gc phi ph hp vi cc yu cu Bng 2A/1.4 v vic
p dng mi hn gc vo c cu thn tu phi theo yu cu Bng 2A/1.5. cc tu
du, kiu v kch thc ca mi hn phi theo yu cu Bng 2A/27.20.
4 ng hn l (hn cy) phi c hnh dng thch hp c th hn ngu xung ton b
mp di ca y l. Kch thc mi hn gc ca ng hn l phi l F1 nh yu cu
Bng 2A/1.4 v khong cch cc l hn phi ly theo yu cu ca ng kim.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

188
Bng 2A/1.4 S hiu v quy cch ca mi hn gc
(n v: mm)

Hn chng mp Hn ch T Chiu di mi hn v bc hn
ng hn lin tc ng hn gin on
Chiu rng mi hn f Bc hn p
S hiu
mi hn

Chiu dy
c cu
F1 F2
Chiu rng
mi hn f
Chiu di
mi hn w
F3 F4
5 tr xung 3 3 60 150 250
6 4
3

4
7
8
5 5
9
10
11
6
4
6
12
13
14
7 5 7
15
16
17
8 6 8
18
19
20
21
9 9
22
23
24
25
10
7
10
T 26 n 40 11 8 11
75 200 350
Ch thch:
(1) Nu l mi ni ca x boong, sn, np v sng vi tn boong, tn y trn, tn vch, tn
bao hoc bn mp, th chiu rng mi hn gc f ca mi ni dng ch T phi xc nh theo
chiu dy bn thnh ca c cu. i vi cc mi ni khc f c xc nh theo chiu dy
ca tm mng hn.
(2) i vi mi hn chng mp, chiu rng mi hn s hiu F1 c xc nh theo chiu dy ca
tm mng hn.
(3) Chiu cao ca mi hn gc phi bng 0,7 f.
(4) Ni chung, chiu rng mi hn s hiu F2 phi l kch thc ti thiu ca mi hn gc.
(5) Cc on hn gin on phi c t lch nhau v ti cc mt, w phi c t c hai
bn ca mi ni.
(6) Dng sai m cho php ca kch thc mi hn l 10% so vi quy nh.

w
w

p
t
f
f
t

t

f

f

t

f

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

189
Bng 2A/1.5 S dng mi hn gc
STT C cu Vng s dng
S hiu
mi hn
1 Vi tn bnh li F3
2 Vi xng ng to thnh ct bnh li F1
3
Bnh
li
Xng bnh li
Vi cc xng bnh li (tr cc c cu trn) F2
4
vng y gia cng mi tu,
khoang ui v kt su
F3
5
Vi tn
bao
Cc vng khc F4
6
vng y gia cng mi tu
v bung my chnh
F3
7
Vi bn
mp
Cc vng khc F4
8
ngang tm
Vi bn thnh v bn mp
ca sng chnh y
F1
9 vng y gia cng mi tu F2
10
Vi tn
gia y
Cc vng khc F3
11 Vi bn mp F3
12
Sng
chnh
y
Sng y
Vi ngang tm F2
14
Vi
tn bao
Cc vng khc F4
15 vng bung my chnh F3
16
Vi
bn mp
Cc vng khc F4
17
y
n
Sng
ph
y
Sng y
Vi ngang tm F3
19
Vi
tn bao
Cc vng khc F4
20
Thnh b my chnh v b
chn
F2
21
bung my chnh (tr cc vng
nu trn)
F3
22
Vi
tn y
trn
Cc vng khc F4
23
Vi cc sng di y trn pha di b
my chnh
F1
24
bung my chnh (tr cc vng
trn)
F2
25
Vi sng
chnh
y
Cc vng khc F3
26
ngang c
Vi sng hng F2
27
ngang kn nc
hoc kn du
Vi cc c cu xung quanh
F1
28 Vi ngang kn nc v kn du F3
29
y i
kt cu
theo h
thng
ngang
Np gia cng
ngang tm
Vi ngang kn nc khc F4
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

190
Bng 2A/1.5 S dng mi hn gc (tip theo)
STT C cu Vng s dng
S hiu
mi hn
30
Dm ngang
y di
Vi tn bao F4
31
Dm ngang
y trn
Vi tn y trn F4
32 Vi sng chnh y F3
33
M
Vi sng hng F2
34

ngang
h
Thanh
chng
Vi sng ph y F4
35 Vng kn nc v kn du F1
36
Vi di tn
gia y
Cc vng khc F3
37 Vng kn nc v kn du F1
38
Vng di b my chnh hoc
chn
F2
39
Sng chnh y
Vi tn
y
Cc vng khc F3
40 Vng y gia cng pha mi F3
41
Vi tn
bao
Cc vng khc F4
42 Vng bung my F3
43
Vi tn
y trn Cc vng khc F4
44
Vng y gia cng pha mi
v bung my chnh
F3
45
Sng ph y
(gin on)
Vi
ngang c
Cc vng khc F4
46 Vi tn y trn F2
47
Sng ph
b my chnh
Vi tn bao F4
48 Sng hng Vi tn bao hoc tm p gc F1
49 Vi sng hng F1
50
M hng
Vi tm p gc F2
51
Np gia cng
tn bao
Mi hn ni vi tn bao ly nh i vi dm dc mn
52
y i
kt cu
theo h
thng
ngang
Na sng ph y Mi hn ni vi tn bao v ngang c ly nh i
vi sng ph
53 Vi tn bao vng y gia cng pha mi F3
54
Dm dc
Vi tn bao (ngoi vng trn) hoc tn y
trn
F4
55
Ti mt ca ngang, on di
bng hai khong sn
F2
56
Vi tn
bao v tn
y trn
Cc vng khc F3
57
ngang c
Vi sng chnh y F2
58 M sng chnh Vi sng chnh, tn bao v tn y trn F3
59 Vi sng hng F2
60
y
i
kt cu
theo
h
thng
dc
M ca sng hng
trong y i Vi tn bao v tn y trn F3
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

191
61
Np gia cng
sng ph
Vi sng ph
F4
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

192
STT C cu Vng s dng
S hiu
mi hn
62 Khoang ui, vng 0,125 L k t mi v trong
kt su
F3
63
Sn
Vi tn
bao
Cc vng khc F4
64 vng 0,125 L k t mi
v trong kt su
F2
65
Sn
bng thp
ghp
Bn thnh
ca sn
Vi tn bao hoc
bn mp
Cc vng khc F3
66 boong tnh ton F1
67
Di tn mp
boong
Vi tn
mn
Cc boong khc F2
68 Trong cc kt F3
69
Boong
X boong
Vi tn
boong
Cc vng khc F4
70 Trong cc kt F2
71
X boong
bng thp
ghp
Bn thnh
Vi tn
boong hoc bn
mp
Cc vng khc F3
72 nh ct v chn ct F1
73
Ct
chng
Ct chng
Cc mi hn ca ct ghp F3
74 Vi tn boong (tr cc vng nu dng di) F2
75
Thnh ming
khoang Gc ming khoang boong tnh ton F1
76
Ming
khoang
X tho lp Cc mi hn ghp cc chi tit F3
77 T u di ca m ni
np vi sng boong tr ln
F1
78 vch kt su F3
79

Np vch

Vi tn
vch
Cc vng khc F4
80 Vch kn nc v vch kn
du
F1
81
Vch
Tn vch
Vi vnh
bin
Cc vng khc F3
82
Vi bn mp
B my chnh, b chn,
b ni hi, b my pht
chnh
F1

83
Vi tn y
trn hoc tn bao
B my chnh v b chn F2
84
B my
Thnh b
hoc m
Vi bn thnh
sng y
B my chnh hoc b
chn
F1
85 Trong cc kt, sn khe
0,125 L k t mi v
sng mn
F2
86
Vi tn bao, tn
boong hoc tn
vch
Cc vng khc F3
87 Mi hn mt ca c cu khe v tm sng
vi tn bao, tn boong, tn y trn hoc tn
vch
F1

88
X boong
khe,
sn
khe,
sng
mn, sng
boong v
sng vch
Bn thnh
hoc tm
sng
Vi bn mp hoc
bn thnh ca c
cu khe
Trong cc kt, sn khe
vng 0,125 L k t mi
v sng mn

F2
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

193
STT C cu Vng s dng
S hiu
mi hn
89
Khi din tch tit din
bn mp ln hn 65
cm
2

F2
90
Bn thnh hoc
tm sng
Vi bn
thnh hoc
bn mp
ca c cu
khe
Cc
vng
khc
Khi din tch tit din
bn mp khng ln
hn 65 cm
2

F3
91
M chng vn
trn bn thnh
hoc tm sng
Vi cc c cu xung quanh F3
92
X boong
khe,
sn
khe,
sng
mn, sng
boong v
sng vch Cc phn khot
ca bn thnh
hoc tm sng
Vi bn thnh ca sn, x boong, hoc np F2
93 M mt ca c cu
Ti mi ni ca c cu vi m
(Tr cc vng nu trn)
F1
Ch thch:
(1) Nu cc c cu gia cng dc c ni vi nhau bng mi hn gc th chiu rng mi
hn phi ph hp vi Bng 2A/1.4 v Bng ny, tr trng hp tng din tch tit din
ca cc mi hn khng nh hn din tch tit din nh nht ca cc c cu.
(2) Nu mt ca cc c cu nh sn, x boong v np gia cng c hn trc tip vi
tn boong, tn bao, tn y trn hoc tn vch th chiu rng mi hn phi khng nh
hn 0,7 ln chiu dy bn thnh c cu.
(3) Nu x boong, sn, np v sng c hn vi tn boong, tn bao, tn y trn bng
mi hn gin on th mi hn phi lin tc cc on nh m t Hnh 2A/1.1(a). Nu
c cu c gn m vi cc c cu mt i din nh m t Hnh 2A/1.1 (b) hoc (c)
th ti mt ca c cu hoc nh m, mi hn phi lin tc trn on di thch hp. Mi
hn c th c ly nh Hnh 2A/1.1(d) nu ton b chiu di mi ni c hn bng
mi hn c quy cch m bo hiu qu khng km mi hn F2.
(4) Nu bn mp hoc tn y trn bao gm c tm mt ca b my chnh hoc cc b ca
cc my quan trng khc, th s hiu ca mi hn phi tha mn yu cu i vi b my.
(5) i vi cc mi ni cha c cp phn y i kt cu theo h thng dc, phi p
dng nhng yu cu nh i vi kt cu theo h thng ngang.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

194

Hnh 2A/1.1 Phn lin tc ca ng hn

F1
(b) (c)
F1
0,15l
0,1l 0,05 l 0,1l
l
F1 F3 hoc F4 F1
F3
(a)
> F2
(d)
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

193
CHNG 2 SNG MI V SNG UI

2.1 Sng mi
2.1.1 Sng mi tm
1 Chiu dy (t) ca sng mi dng tm ti v tr ng nc ch hng thit k ln nht phi
khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau:
t =1,5 L 50 + 3,0 (mm)
Ln pha trn v xung pha di ca ng ti trng thit k ln nht, chiu dy ca
sng mi tm c th gim dn n mp trn ca tm sng mi v tn gia y. Ti mp
trn chiu dy sng mi tm c th ly bng chiu dy tn mn ( phn mi), ti mp di
chiu dy sng mi tm phi bng chiu dy tn gia y.
2 Sng mi tm phi c gia cng bng cc m ngang t cch nhau khng xa qu 1
mt. Nu bn knh cong mp trc ca sng mi ln, th phi c bin php gia cng
thch ng bng cch t np gia cng dc tm hoc bng cch tng chiu dy ca tm
sng mi so vi quy nh -1, hoc bng bin php thch hp khc.
2.2 Sng ui
2.2.1 Phm vi p dng
Nhng yu cu mc 2.2 ny ch p dng cho nhng sng ui khng c tr bnh li.
2.2.2 Tr chn vt
1 Tr chn vt ca sng ui bng thp c v sng ui dng tm phi c hnh dng thch
hp vi dng chy pha sau thn tu. Kch thc tiu chun ca tr chn vt c cho bi
cc cng thc v hnh v Hnh 2.A/2.1. Chiu rng v chiu dy ca tr chn vt pha
di ca trc chn vt phi c tng dn c bn v cng tng xng vi
ky sng ui.
2 Chiu dy thnh trc chn vt phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau:
0,9L +10 (mm)
3 Tr chn vt ca sng ui bng thp c v sng ui dng tm phi c cc m ngang
t theo khong cch thch hp. Nu bn knh cong mp sau sng ui ln phi c
np gia cng dc tm.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

194

Hnh 2A/2.1 Kch thc tiu chun ca tr chn vt

4 i vi cc tu c tc tng i so vi chiu di ln v cc tu thit k ring ko,
kch thc cc phn ca tr chn vt phi c tng thch ng.
2.2.3 Ky sng ui
1 Kch thc tng tit din ngang ca ky (Xem Hnh 2A/2.2) phi c xc nh theo cc
cng thc t (1) n (4) sau y. M men un v lc ct pht sinh ky tnh theo lc tc
dng ln bnh li ly theo quy nh 25.1.2.
(1) M un chng un Z
z
ca tit din x ly i vi trc thng ng Z-Z phi khng nh
hn:
SP
z
MK
Z
80
(cm
3
)
Trong :
M : M men un ti tit din x ang xt, xc nh theo cng thc sau:
M =Bx (M
max
=Bl) (Nm)
B : Phn lc gi trc li (N) ly nh 25.1.4-1.
x : Khong cch t im gia ca gi trc n tit din ang xt (m), xem Hnh
2A/2.2.
l : Khong cch (m) tnh t im gia ca gi trc n im c nh ky sng
ui, xem Hnh 2A/ 2.2)
W : 2,2L + 88 (mm)
T : 0,18L +15 (mm)
R : 0,40L +16 (mm)
Tr chn vt ca sng ui
bng thp c

R
1,2W
0,6W
T
1,3T
W

1,25W
T
R W : 2,5L +100 (mm)
T : 2.2 L +5,0 (mm)
R : 0,40L +16 (mm)
Tr chn vt ca sng ui
bng thp tm
W

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

195
K
SP
: H s vt liu lm ky ly theo quy nh 25.1.1-2.

Hnh 2A/2.2 Ky sng ui

(2) M un chng un Z
y
i vi trc nm ngang Y-Y phi khng nh hn:
Z
y
=0,5Z
z
(cm
3
)
Trong :
Z
z
: c xc nh nh (1).
(3) Din tch tit din tng cng As ca cc chi tit theo hng Y-Y phi khng nh hn:
A
s
=
BK
48
(mm
2
)
Trong :
B v K : Ly nh (1)
(4) Ti tit din bt k trong phm vi chiu di l, ng sut tng ng phi khng ln
hn 115/K (N/mm
2
). ng sut tng ng e c tnh theo cng thc sau:

e
=
2 2
b
3 (N/mm
2
)
ng sut un v ng sut ct xut hin trn ky c xc nh theo cc cng thc
tng ng sau:
ng sut un:

b
z
M
Z x
(N/mm
2
)
ng sut ct:
s
B
A
(N/mm
2
)
Trong :
Z
z
, A
s
, M, v B : Nh quy nh t (1) n (3).
2 Chiu dy ca cc tm thp to thnh phn chnh ca ky sng ui ca sng ui bng
thp tm phi khng nh hn chiu dy ca thp tm to nn phn chnh ca tr chn vt.
x
l
Y Y
Z
Z
Z
Y
X
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

196
Cc gn ngang ca ky sng ui phi c b tr di tr chn vt, di cc tm m v
cc v tr thch hp khc.
2.2.4 Gt ky
Gt ky ca sng ui phi c chiu di t nht bng 3 ln khong cch sn vng v
phi c lin kt chc chn vi tn gia y.
2.2.5 Gi bnh li
1 Kch thc mi tit din ngang ca gi bnh li (xem Hnh 2A/2.3) phi c xc nh theo
cc cng thc t (1) n (3) di y. M men un, lc ct v m men xon pht sinh trn
gi bnh li c tnh theo lc tc dng ln bnh li quy nh 25.1.2.
(1) M un chng un Z
x
ca tit din i vi trc nm ngang X-X phi khng nh hn:
rh
x
MK
Z
67
(cm
3
)
Trong :
M : M men un ti tit din ang xt tnh theo cng thc sau (xem Hnh 2A/2.3).
M = BZ (M
max
=Bd ) (Nm)
B : Phn lc gi (N) ly nh 25.1.4-1.
z : Khong cch t im gia ca chiu di gi n tit din ang xt, ly
nh Hnh 2A/2.3.
K
rh
: H s vt liu lm gi bnh li ly theo quy nh 25.1.1-2.
(2) Din tch tit din tng cng A
h
ca cc chi tit theo hng Y-Y phi khng nh hn:
rh
h
BK
A
48
(mm
2
)
Trong :
K
rh
: H s vt liu ca vt liu lm gi bnh li, xc nh theo 2A/ 25.1.1-2.
(3) Ti bt k tit din no trong phm vi chiu cao d, ng sut tng ng phi khng
c ln hn 120/K (N/mm
2
).
ng sut tng ng
e
phi c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
e
=
2 2 2
b t
3( )
(N/mm
2
)
Cc ng sut un, ct v xon xut hin trn gi bnh li phi c xc nh tng
ng theo cc cng thc sau:
ng sut un:
b
x
M
Z
(N/mm
2
)
ng sut ct:
h
B
A
(N/mm
2
)
ng sut xon:
h
t
t h
1000T
2A t
(N/mm
2
)
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

197
Trong :
T
h
: M men xon ti tit din ang xt, tnh theo cng thc sau (Xem Hnh
2A/2.3).
T
h
=B
c
(z ) (Nm)
A
t
: Din tch tit din nm ngang ca gi bnh li (mm
2
).
t
h
: Chiu dy tn gi bnh li (mm).
M, Z
x
, B v K : Nh quy nh (1).
A
h
: Nh quy nh (2).
2 Tnh lin tc ca kt cu ti mi ni gia gi bnh li v thn tu phi c quan tm c
bit.
3 Nu mi ni gia gi bnh li v c cu thn tu c ln dn vo tn bao th kh nng
chu un ca tn gi bnh li v ng sut trong cc m gia cng ngang phi c quan
tm c bit.
2.2.6 Lin kt ca sng ui vi ngang tm
Sng ui phi c ko t trc chn vt ln pha trn v hn chc chn vi ngang
ui c chiu dy khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau:
0,035L +8,5 (mm)
2.2.7 cht bnh li
1 Chiu di ca thnh cht bnh li phi khng nh hn chiu di ca bc cht
bnh li.
2 Chiu dy ca thnh cht bnh li phi khng nh hn 0,25d
po
. Tuy vy, i vi cc
tu c quy nh 25.1.1-3, chiu dy ca thnh cht bnh li phi c tng thch
ng.
Trong :
d
po
: ng knh thc ca cht o mt ngoi ca ng lt, mm.

Hnh 2A/2.3 Gi bnh li
Y
M men un Lc ct M men xon

z
c (z)
Bd B Bc (z)
d
z
Z
X
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198
CHNG 3 Y N
3.1 Quy nh chung
1 Nhng yu cu ca Chng ny c p dng cho kt cu y n ca cc tu m y
i b khuyt tng phn hoc ton b ph hp vi yu cu 4.1.1-2 hoc -3.
2 Kt cu y khoang mi v khoang ui phi tha mn nhng yu cu 7.2 v 7.3.
3.2 Sng chnh
3.2.1 B tr v kt cu
Cc tu y n phi c sng chnh gm mt bn thnh v mt bn mp. Sng chnh phi
c ko cng di v pha mi tu v ui tu cng tt.
3.2.2 Bn thnh
1 Chiu dy bn thnh (t) ca sng chnh phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau
y. Ra ngoi on gia tu chiu dy c th c gim dn v cc on mi tu v
ui tu chiu dy c th cn bng 0,85 chiu dy on gia tu.
t =0,065L + 5,2 (mm)
2 Bn thnh ca sng chnh phi c a ln n cao bng mp trn ca ngang y.
3.2.3 Bn mp
1 Chiu dy ca bn mp nu 3.2.1 phi khng nh hn chiu dy yu cu ca bn thnh
lin tc on gia tu. Bn mp phi c ko di t vch mi n vch ui.
2 Chiu rng ca bn mp (b) t ln bn thnh phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng
thc sau y:
b =16,6L - 200 (mm)
Ra ngoi on gia tu chiu rng c th c gim dn v cc on mi tu v
ui tu chiu rng c th cn bng 0,8 chiu rng yu cu tnh theo cng thc trn.
3.2.4 Sng chnh trong bung ni hi
Trong bung ni hi chiu dy ca cc thnh phn kt cu ca sng chnh phi c tng
1,5 mm so vi chiu dy yu cu 3.2.
3.3 Sng ph
3.3.1 B tr
1 Trong vng t sng chnh n mp di ca cung hng, cc sng ph phi c t sao
cho khong cch ca chng khng ln hn 2,15 m.
2 Trong on 0,4 L gia tu, vng gia sng chnh v sng ph, gia cc sng ph, gia
sng ph v mp di ca cung hng, t nht phi c mt hng np gia cng y c kch
thc thch hp.
3 on t vch chng va n 0,05 L sau on y gia cng mi tu quy nh 4.8.2,
khong cch cc sng ph phi khng ln hn 0,9 m.
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3.3.2 Kt cu
Sng ph phi gm c mt bn thnh v mt bn mp v phi c ko cng di v pha
mi tu v ui tu cng tt.
3.3.3 Bn mp
Chiu dy ca bn mp sng ph (t) phi khng nh hn chiu dy ca bn thnh sng
ph. on gia tu din tch tit din bn mp phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng
thc sau y:
0,454L +8,8 (cm
2
)
Ra ngoi on gia tu din tch tit din bn mp c th c gim dn v cc on
mi tu v ui tu din tch c th cn bng 0,9 din tch tit din bn mp on
gia tu.
3.3.4 Bn thnh
1 on gia tu chiu dy ca bn thnh sng ph (t) phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo
cng thc sau y:
t =0,042L +5,8 (mm)
Ra ngoi on gia tu chiu dy c th c gim dn, v cc on mi v on
ui tu chiu dy c th cn bng 0,85 chiu dy on gia tu.
2 Trong bung my chiu dy ca bn thnh phi khng nh hn tr s yu cu 3.2.2-1
i vi bn thnh lin tc ca sng chnh.
3.3.5 Sng ph trong bung ni hi
Trong bung ni hi chiu dy ca bn mp v bn thnh sng ph phi c tng 1,5
mm so vi cc chiu dy quy nh 3.3.3 v 3.3.4.
3.4 ngang tm
3.4.1 B tr v kch thc
1 ngang tm phi c t ti mi mt sn v phi c cc kch thc khng nh hn tr
s tnh theo cc cng thc sau y, tuy nhin chiu dy khng cn ln hn 12 mm:
Chiu cao tit din ng tm tu: 0,0625l (m)
Chiu dy: 10d
0
+4 (mm)
Trong :
l: Chiu di nhp gia cc nh ca cc m sn o gia tu cng 0,3 m. Nu
ngang cong th chiu di l phi c iu chnh thch hp (m).
d
0
: Chiu cao tit din ngang tm tm tu (m).
2 Ra ngoi on 0,5 L gia tu, chiu dy ca ngang tm c th cn bng 0,90 tr s quy
nh -1. phn phng ca y mi tu khng c thc hin s gim ny.
3 ngang y di b my v b chn phi c chiu cao tit din ln v c gia
cng c bit. Chiu dy ca cc ngang phi khng nh hn chiu dy ca bn
thnh lin tc ca sng chnh.
4 di ni hi chiu dy ca ngang y phi c tng t nht l 2 mm so vi chiu
dy ca ngang y on gia tu. Nu khong cch t ni hi n ngang y nh
hn 460 mm th chiu dy ca ngang y cn phi c tng hn na.
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3.4.2 Chiu cao tit din ngang y
1 bt c ch no, cnh trn ca ngang y cng phi khng thp hn cnh trn ca
n ng tm tu.
2 on gia tu, chiu cao tit din ngang y o v tr cch cnh trong ca sn
mt khong d
0
xc nh theo 3.4.1-1 dc theo cnh trn ca cc ngang y, phi khng
nh hn 0,5d
0
(xem Hnh 2A/3.1). Nu c t m sn th chiu cao tit din ngang
y nh trong ca m c th bng 0,5 d
0
.

Hnh 2A/3.1 Hnh dng ca ngang y

3 nhng tu m dc ca ngang y l qu ln, chiu cao tit din ngang tm
tm tu phi c tng thch ng.
3.4.3 ngang vng y gia cng pha mi tu
vng y gia cng pha mi tu quy nh 4.8.2, chiu cao tit din ngang y
phi c tng hoc din tch tit din bn mp ca ngang y quy nh 3.5.2 phi
c tng gp i.
Nu tu c chiu chm qu nh trong iu kin dn v c vn tc so vi chiu di tu qu
ln th ngang y vng y gia cng mi tu phi c xem xt c bit.
3.4.4 M sn
Kch thc ca m sn phi tha mn nhng yu cu sau y v cnh t do ca m
sn phi c gia cng.
(1) M phi c a ln n chiu cao so vi mt tn gia y ln hn hai ln chiu
cao tit din yu cu ca ngang y tm tu.
(2) Chiu di ca cnh m o t cnh ngoi ca sn n nh m dc theo cnh trn ca
ngang y phi khng nh hn chiu cao tit din yu cu ca ngang y tm tu.
(3) Chiu dy ca m phi khng nh hn chiu dy ca ngang y yu cu 3.4.1.
3.4.5 L thot nc
ngang y, l thot nc phi c t mi bn ca ng tm tu v nu tu c
y bng th l thot nc cn phi c t cnh di ca cung hng.
> d
0

d
0

Mt trn ca tn gia y
Khng nh hn 0,5d
0

0,15
m
d hoc 0,66D
d
0
> 0,0625l
l

d
0

h

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201
3.4.6 L khot gim trng lng
ngang y c th c l khot gim trng lng. Khi bn phi c b li
tha ng bng cch tng chiu cao tit din ngang y hoc bng mt bin php
thch hp khc.
3.4.7 ngang tm to thnh mt phn ca vch
ngang tm to thnh mt phn ca vch phi tha mn cc yu cu cc Chng 11
v 12.
3.5 Bn mp trn ca ngang y
3.5.1 Kt cu
Nu ngang y cong th bn mp trn ca n phi i lin tc t cnh trn ca cung
hng mn ny n cnh trn ca cung hng mn kia. Nu ngang y c m th bn
thnh phi lin tc.
3.5.2 Kch thc
1 Chiu dy ca bn mp trn ca ngang y phi khng nh hn chiu dy ca bn
thnh ca ngang y .
2 Chiu rng ca bn mp quy nh -1 trn phi bo m n nh ngang v din tch
tit din bn mp (F) phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y:
F =
2
0
0
42,7Shl 5
d t
1000d 3
(cm
2
)
Trong :
l : Chiu di nhp quy nh 3.4.1-1 (m).
S : Khong cch cc ngang y (m).
h : d hoc 0,66 D, ly tr s no ln hn (m).
d
0
: Chiu cao tit din ngang tm tm tu (m).
t : Chiu dy bn thnh ca ngang y (mm).
3 di ni hi chiu dy bn mp phi c tng 2 mm so vi chiu dy ca bn mp c
din tch tit din tnh theo cng thc ni trn nhng thay t bng chiu dy bn thnh
ngang y on gia tu quy nh 3.4.1.
4 di b my chnh v b ni hi khng c thay th bn mp bng mp b.
3.5.3 ngang y di b my chnh, b ni hi v ngang y mi tu
1 Din tch tit din bn mp ca ngang y di b my chnh v b ni hi phi
bng hai ln din tch tit din yu cu 3.5.2-2.
2 Kt cu v kch thc ngang y on y gia cng mi tu quy nh 4.8.2 phi
tha mn cc yu cu ca 3.4.3.
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202
CHNG 4 Y I
4.1 Quy nh chung
4.1.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Cc tu phi c y i kn nc lin tc t vch chng va n vch ui. Ni chung, y
i phi c kt cu h thng dc. y i phi lin tc ra n mn tu sao cho bo v
c cung hng v khng c phn no nm thp hn ng thng k song song vi
ng tn gia y v cao khng nh hn h (m) o t mt trn ca tn gia y
theo quy nh 1.2.58, Phn 1A ca Quy chun.
h =B/20
B: Quy nh 1.1.2 Phn 9 ca Quy chun.
Tuy nhin, trong mi trng hp h phi khng nh hn 0,76 m, v khng cn phi ly ln
hn 2 m.
2 Vi nhng tu c tng dung tch nh hn 500 hoc nhng tu khng chy tuyn quc t
c chiu di nh hn 100 mt hoc nhng tu m v nhng l do ring bit ca hnh thc
kt cu, hnh dng thn tu v mc ch khai thc, v.v..., c ng kim tha nhn rng
khng phi dng kt cu y i th y i c th khuyt tng phn hoc ton b.
3 y i c th c khuyt trong cc kt kn nc, k c kt kh c trung bnh sao cho
an ton ca tu khng b nh hng khi y tu b hng.
4 i vi nhng vng c kt cu c bit nh c mn nghing hoc mn kp hoc vng c
vch dc hoc i vi nhng vng ngoi on gia tu, kch thc cc c cu ca y
i phi tho mn yu cu ca ng kim.
5 Kch thc ca cc c cu ca cc kt y i dng lm kt su phi tha mn yu cu
Chng 12. Tuy nhin chiu dy ca tn y trn khng cn phi tng 1,0 mm nh quy
nh 12.2.7 cho tn nc ca kt su.
6 Nhng yu cu Chng ny c p dng cho trng hp m t trng biu kin ca
hng ha trong khoang cha hng khng ln hn 0,9. i vi trng hp ln hn 0,9,
hoc i vi nhng khoang b trng trong iu kin tu ti, hoc nhng tu c kt hng
phi p dng cc quy nh Chng 29. T trng biu kin ca hng ha phi c tnh
theo cng thc sau y:
W
V
=
Trong :
W : Khi lng ca hng ha cha trong khoang (t).
V : Th tch ca khoang khng k ming khoang (m
3
).
7 Kt cu y i ca khoang phi c xem xt c bit nu khoang c d kin ch
hng nng, khi t s ca trng lng hng trn n v din tch (kN/m
2
) ca y i chia
cho d nh hn 5,40 hoc khi vic xp hng khng th c coi l phn b u. Nu t s
ca trng lng hng trn n v din tch c cho bng t/m
2
, th tr s ly theo n v
kN/m
2
c th c xc nh bng cch nhn t/m
2
vi 9,81.
4.1.2 L chui v l gim trng
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203
1 Cc c cu khng kn nc phi c l chui v l gim trng m bo s tip cn v
thng gi, tr nhng vng c ct t tha.
2 S lng l chui tn y trn phi l ti thiu m bo thng gi t nhin v d
tip cn n mi ch trong y i. Phi thn trng khi t nhng l chui trnh kh
nng lu thng ca cc phn khoang chng chm qua y i.
3 Np ca l chui mt tn y trn phi c lm bng thp v nu trong khoang hng
khng c g lt th np v cc ph tng ca np phi c bo v tt chng hng ha gy
h hi.
4 L thot kh v l tiu nc phi c t mi c cu khng kn nc kt cu y i.
5 V tr v kch thc ca l chui v l khot gim trng phi c ghi trong bn v trnh
duyt.
4.1.3 Tiu nc
1 Phi c nhng trang b hu hiu tiu nc trn mt y trn.
2 Nu t cc h t dng cho mc ch ni trn th cc h t, tr h t cui hm trc, phi
c gng chiu su ca n khng c ln hn 0,5 chiu cao y i v y h phi
cch tn bao y khng nh hn 460 mm. Tuy nhin, nu kt hng c ng kim chp
nhn dng thay h t th c th min p dng yu cu ny.
4.1.4 Tm m
Phi c tm m dy hoc mt chi tit khc t di ng o thanh o khng lm
h hi tn y.
4.1.5 Ngn cch ly
Trong y i gia cc kt dng cha du v cc kt dng cha nc ngt nh
nc sinh hot, nc dng cho ni hi, phi t cc ngn cch ly kn du trnh tc hi
do ln du sang nc ngt.
4.1.6 Gia cng y di ni hi
Di ni hi chiu dy ca kt cu y i phi c tng thch ng.
4.1.7 Di chn ct, di chn ca m chn np vch
Trong y i, di chn ct hoc di chn ca m chn np vch phi c bin php gia
cng bng cc sng ph b sung, cc na sng ph hoc cc ngang y.
4.1.8 H t
1 Cc h t nh t trn y i dng tiu nc trong khoang phi khng thp xung bn
di hn mc cn thit. Tuy nhin, h t ra n y ngoi c php b tr pha sau
ca hm trc.
2 Cc h t khc (chng hn dng cho du bi trn di my chnh) c th c b tr
nu ng kim xt thy vic b tr ny to ra c s bo v tng ng vi y i
theo yu cu Chng ny.
3 Vi cc h t quy nh -1 v -2 trn, tr h t pha sau hm trc, khong cch thng
ng t y ca cc h ny n mt phng trng vi ng tn gia y quy nh
1.2.58, Phn 1A ca Quy chun phi khng nh hn 0,5 m.
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204
4.1.9 S lin tc ca bn
nhng ch m h thng kt cu dc chuyn sang h thng kt cu ngang, nhng ch
chiu cao y i thay i t ngt phi c bit thn trng, m bo c s lin tc
ca bn, c th t nhng on sng ph hoc nhng ngang y b sung.
4.1.10 Chiu dy ti thiu
Chiu dy ca cc c cu y i phi khng nh hn 6 mm.
4.2 Sng chnh v sng ph
4.2.1 B tr v kt cu ca sng
1 Sng chnh phi c ko cng di v pha mi v ui tu cng tt.
2 Tm sng chnh phi lin tc trong on 0,5 L gia tu.
3 nhng ch m y i c dng cha nc ngt, nhin liu hoc nc dn sng
chnh phi kn nc.
4 Trong nhng kt hp on mi v ui tu hoc nhng ch m cc sng dc kn nc
khc c t khong 0,25 B tnh t tm tu, hoc nhng ch c ng kim
chp nhn, yu cu -3 trn c th c thay i thch hp.
5 on 0,5 L gia tu v v pha ui tu cc sng ph phi c t sao cho khong
cch t sng chnh n sng ph trong cng, khong cch gia cc sng ph, khong
cch t sng ph ngoi cng n sng hng phi khng ln hn 4,6 mt. Sng ph phi
c ko cng di v pha ui tu cng tt.
6 on y gia cng pha mi tu cc sng ph v na sng ph phi c t nh yu
cu 4.8.3.
7 di b my chnh v b chn y tu phi c gia cng thch hp bng cc sng
ph v na sng ph b sung.
4.2.2 Chiu cao tit din sng chnh
Chiu cao tit din sng chnh phi khng nh hn B/16 tr trng hp c ng kim
chp nhn c bit.
4.2.3 Chiu dy tm sng chnh v tm sng ph
Chiu dy ca tm sng chnh v tm sng ph phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cc
yu cu (1) v (2) sau y, ly tr s no ln hn:
(1) Chiu dy ca tm sng phi c tnh theo cng thc sau y ty thuc vo v tr
ca sng trong khoang:
2
1
0 1 H
SBd x y
C 2,6 0,17 1 4 2,5
d d l B

| |
| |
+
` | |
\ .
\ .
)
(mm)
Trong :
S: Khong cch gia cc tm ca hai vng k cn vi sng chnh hoc t sng ph ang
xt n cc sng ph k cn hoc n ng nh ca m hng (m).
d
0
: Chiu cao tit din ca sng chnh hoc sng ph ang xt (m).
d
1
: Chiu cao ca l khot ti im ang xt (m).
l
H
: Chiu di ca khoang (m).
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

205
x: Khong cch theo chiu dc t trung im ca l
H
ca mi khoang n im ang xt
(m). Tuy nhin, nu x < 0,2l
H
th ly x = 0,2l
H
v nu x s 0,45l
H
th ly x = 0,45l
H

y: Khong cch theo phng ngang t tm tu n sng dc (m).
C
1
: H s cho theo cc cng thc sau y. Tuy nhin, nu B/l
H
> 1,4 th ly B/l
H
=1,4 v
nu B/l
H
<0,4 th ly B/l
H
=0,4.
H thng kt cu dc:
H
1
B
3
l
C
103
=
H thng kt cu ngang:
H
1
B
3
l
C
90
=
(2) Chiu dy cn phi c tnh theo cng thc sau y:
C
1
d
0
+ 2,5 (mm)
Trong :
d
0
: Chiu cao tit din sng ti im ang xt (m). Tuy nhin, nu c cc np
nm t theo chiu cao tit din sng th d
0
l khong cch t np nm n
tn bao y hoc tn y trn hoc l khong cch gia cc np nm (m).
C
1
: H s tnh theo Bng 2A/4.1 ty thuc vo t s S
1
/d
0
. Vi cc tr s trung
gian ca S
1
/d
0
th C
1
' c tnh theo php ni suy tuyn tnh.
S
1
: Khong cch cc m hoc np t sng chnh hoc sng ph (m).
4.2.4 M
1 Nu y i c kt cu theo h thng dc th gia cc ngang c phi t nhng m
ngang cch nhau khng qu 1,75 mt lin kt tm sng chnh vi tn y v vi cc dm
dc y ln cn. Nu khong cch cc m ln hn 1,25 mt th tm sng chnh phi
c gn np b sung.
Bng 2A/4.1 H s C
1

S
1
/d
o
s 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,2 1,4 > 1,6
Sng chnh 4,4 5,4 6,3 7,1 7,7 8,2 8,6 8,9 9,3 9,6 9,7
C
1

Sng ph 3,6 4,4 5,1 5,8 6,3 6,7 7,0 7,3 7,6 7,9 8,0
2 Chiu dy ca m nu -1 phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y. Tuy
nhin, chiu dy khng cn phi ln hn chiu dy ca ngang c vng :
0,6 L 2,5 + (mm)
3 Np nu -1 phi l thanh thp dt c chiu dy bng chiu dy ca tm sng chnh v
chiu cao tit din khng nh hn 0,08 d
0
, trong d
0
l chiu cao tit din sng chnh
tnh bng mt, hoc tng ng nh vy.
4.2.5 Chiu dy ca na sng ph
Chiu dy ca na sng ph phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc cho 4.2.4-2.
4.2.6 Kch thc ca np ng v thanh chng
1 Nu y i c kt cu theo h thng ngang th np ng sng ph phi c t
mi ngang h. Nu y i kt cu theo h thng dc th np ng sng ph phi
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206
c t theo khong cch thch hp, cc thanh chng thng ng phi c t cc
na sng ph ti mi ngang h.
2 Np ng nu -1 l thanh thp dt c chiu dy bng chiu dy tm sng ph, c chiu
cao tit din khng nh hn 0,08 d
0
, trong d
0
l chiu cao tit din ca sng ph ang
xt (m) hoc tng ng nh vy.
3 Din tch tit din thanh chng thng ng nu -1 phi khng nh hn tr s tng ng
yu cu 4.4.4.
4.3 ngang c
4.3.1 V tr ca ngang c
1 ngang c phi c t cch nhau khng xa qu 3,5 mt.
2 Thm vo yu cu -1, ngang c cn phi c t nhng v tr sau y:
(1) mi mt sn trong bung my chnh.
Tuy nhin, nu y i c kt cu theo h thng dc th ngoi vng b my,
ngang c c th c t mi mt sn th hai.
(2) Di b chn v b ni hi.
(3) Di cc vch ngang.
(4) Trong vng quy nh 4.8.3 t vch chng va n cui on y gia cng mi tu
quy nh 4.8.2.
3 ngang kn nc phi c t sao cho s phn khoang ca y i tng hp vi s
phn khoang ca tu.
4.3.2 Chiu dy ca ngang c
Chiu dy ca ngang c phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cc yu cu (1) v (2)
sau y, ly tr s no ln hn:
(1) Chiu dy phi c tnh theo cng thc sau y ph thuc vo v tr ca ngang
trong khoang:
2
0 1
SB'd 2y
C 2,5
d d B"
| |
+
|
\ .
(mm)
Trong :
S: Khong cch gia cc ngang c (m).
B: Khong cch gia cc ng nh m hng o mt tn y trn on gia
tu (m).
B: Khong cch cc ng nh m hng o mt tn y trn ti v tr ca
ngang c (m).
y: Khong cch theo phng ngang t ng tm tu n im ang xt (m).
Tuy nhin, nu y <
B"
4
th ly y =
B"
4
, nu y >
B"
2
th ly y =
B"
2
.
d
0
: Chiu cao tit din ngang c ti im ang xt (m).
d
1
C
2
: H s ly theo Bng 2A/4.2 ty thuc vo
H
B
l
.
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207
Bng 2.A/4.2 H s C
2

H
B
l

C
2

H thng kt cu ngang
Bng v ln
hn
Nh hn
H thng kt
cu dc
Khi ngang c c
t ti mi mt sn
Cc trng hp
cn li
0,4 0,029 0,020
0,4 0,6 0,027 0,019
0,6 0,8 0,024 0,017
0,8 1,0 0,022 0,015
1,0 1,2 0,019 0,013
1,2 0,017 0,012
l
H
: Chiu di nh ngha 4.2.3.
(2) Chiu dy cn phi c tnh theo cng thc sau y ph thuc vo v tr ca
ngang trong khoang:
2 2
0
3
1
2
H d
8,6 (t 2,5) 2,5
C '
+ (mm)
Trong :
t
1
: Chiu dy tnh theo yu cu (1)
d
0
: Chiu cao tit din nh ngha (1).
C
2
' : H s cho Bng 2A/4.3 ty thuc vo t s ca khong cch np S
1
(m)
chia cho d
0
. Vi cc tr s trung gian ca
1
0
S
d
th C
2
' c tnh theo php
ni suy tuyn tnh.
Bng 2A/4.3 H s C
2
'
1
0
S
d

s 0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

0,8

0,9

1,0

1,2

> 1,4
,
2
C
64 38 25 19 15 12 10 9 8 7
H: Tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y:
(a) Nu ngang c c nhng l nh khng c gia cng bi thng th H
c tnh theo cng thc sau y, tuy nhin nu
1
1
d
S
nh hn hoc bng 0,5
th H c ly bng 1,0:
1
1
d
4,0 1,0
S

Trong :
d
1
: Chiu cao ca l nh khng c gia cng bi thng t phn trn
v phn di ca ngang c, ly tr s no ln hn (m).
(b) Nu ngang c c nhng l khot khng c gia cng bi thng th H
c tnh theo cng thc sau y:
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

208
0
0,5 1,0
d
|
+
Trong :
| : L ng knh ln ca l khot (m).
(c) Nu ngang c cc l khot v l nh khng c gia cng bi thng
th H tnh bng tch ca cc tr s cho (a) v (b).
(d) Tr cc trng hp (a), (b) v (c), H c ly bng 1,0.
4.3.3 Np ng
1 ngang c cc np ng phi c t theo nhng khong cch thch hp nu y
i c kt cu theo h thng ngang v phi c t ti mi v tr dm dc nu y i
c kt cu theo h thng dc.
2 Khi y i kt cu theo h thng ngang, np ng quy nh -1 phi l thanh thp dt c
chiu dy bng chiu dy ngang, c chiu cao tit din khng nh hn 0,08 d
o
trong
d
0
l chiu cao tit din ngang ti im ang xt (m) hoc tng ng nh vy. Khi
y i kt cu theo h thng dc th chiu cao v chiu dy ca np ng phi theo quy
nh 1.1.14-3.
4.4 Dm dc
4.4.1 Kt cu
Dm dc phi lin tc xuyn qua ngang hoc phi lin kt vi ngang bng m
pht huy ht bn ko v bn un.
4.4.2 Khong cch
1 Khong cch chun ca cc dm dc c tnh theo cc cng thc sau y:
2L +550 (mm)
2 Khong cch gia cc dm dc khng nn ln hn 1,0 mt.
4.4.3 Dm dc
1 M un chng un ca tit din dm dc y di phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo
cng thc sau y:
2
B
100C
(d 0,026L')Sl
24 15,5f
+
(cm
3
)
Trong :
C : H s c cho nh sau:
1,0 : Nu gia khong cch ca ngang y khng t thanh chng nh
quy nh 4.4.4.
Nu gia khong cch cc ngang y c t thanh chng nh quy
nh 4.4.4 th bng:
0,625 : pha di ca kt su
0,5 : cc vng khc
Tuy nhin, nu chiu rng cc np ng ngang y v ca cc thanh chng l qu
ln th h s C c th c gim thch ng.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

209
B
f : T s gia m un chng un ca tit din ngang thn tu yu cu Chng
13 v m un chng un thc ca tit din ngang thn tu ly vi y tu.
L : Ly bng chiu di tu (m). Tuy nhin, nu L > 230 mt th ly L= 230 mt.
l : Khong cch gia cc ngang c (m).
S : Khong cch gia cc dm dc (m).
2 M un chng un ca tit din dm dc y trn phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng
thc sau y. Tuy nhin, m un chng un ca tit din dm dc y trn phi khng nh
hn 0,75 ln m un chng un dm dc y di quy nh vng .
2
B
100C'Shl
24 12f
(cm
3
)
Trong :
C : H s c ly nh sau:
0,9 : Nu khong gia ca cc ngang y khng c thanh chng quy nh
4.4.4.
0,54 : Nu khong gia ca cc ngang y c thanh chng quy nh 4.4.4.
Tuy nhin, nu chiu rng ca cc np ng ngang y v ca cc thanh
chng l qu ln th h s C c th c gim thch ng.
B
f ,l v S: Nh quy nh -1.
h : Khong cch thng ng t mt tn y trn n boong thp nht o ng
tm tu (m). Tuy nhin, nu hng ha c xp cao hn boong thp nht th h
phi c o t mt tn y trn n boong ngay pha trn lp hng ha, o
ng tm tu.
4.4.4 Thanh chng thng ng
1 Thanh chng thng ng khng c lm bng thp dt hoc thp m v phi c hn
chc chn vo bn thnh ca dm dc y di v dm dc y trn.
2 Din tch tit din thanh chng thng ng ni trn phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo
cng thc sau y:
1,8 CSbh (cm
2
)
Trong :
b : Chiu rng ca vng m thanh chng phi (m).
h : Tnh theo cng thc sau y:
i
d 0,026L' h
2
+ +
(m)
h phi khng nh hn d.
L: Nh quy nh 4.4.3-1.
h
i
: Bng 0,9 tr s h quy nh 4.4.3-2 (m).
Tuy nhin, di kt su h khng c nh hn khong cch thng ng
t mt y trn n trung im khong cch t nh ng trn n mt y
trn, hoc khng nh hn 0,7 khong cch thng ng t mt y trn n
im 2,0 mt cao hn nh ng trn, ly tr s no ln hn (m).
C: H s tnh theo cng thc sau y:
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

210
S
1
l
1 0,5
k

Tr s ca C phi khng nh hn 1,43.
l
s
: Chiu di ca thanh chng (m).
k: Bn knh qun tnh nh nht ca tit din thanh chng (cm) tnh theo cng
thc sau y:
I
A

I : M men qun tnh nh nht ca tit din thanh chng (cm
4
).
A : Din tch tit din thanh chng (cm
2
).
4.5 Tn y trn, sng hng v tn bao y
4.5.1 Chiu dy ca tn y trn
1 Chiu dy ca tn y trn phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cc cng thc sau y, ly
tr s no ln hn:
2
0
C B d
2,5
1000 d
+ (mm)
C'S h 2,5 + (mm)
Trong :
d
0
: Chiu cao tit din sng chnh (m).
S : Khong cch gia cc dm dc y trn nu l h thng kt cu dc hoc
khong cch cc sn nu l h thng kt cu ngang (m).
h : Nh quy nh 4.4.3-2.
C : Bng b
0
hoc ob
1
, ty thuc vo t s
H
B
l
:
b
0
nu
H
B
l
<0,8
b
0
hoc ob
1
, ly tr s no ln hn nu 0,8 s
H
B
l
<1,2
ob
1
nu 1,2 s
H
B
l

l
H
: Nh quy nh 4.2.3.
b
0
v b
1
: c cho Bng 2A/4.4 ty thuc tr s
H
B
l
.
Tuy nhin, trong h thng kt cu ngang b
1
phi bng 1,1 ln tr s cho trong Bng.
Bng 2A/4.4 Cc h s b
0
v b
1

H
B
l

>
<

0,4
0,4
0,6
0,6
0,8
0,8
1,0
1,0
1,2
1,2
1,4
1,4
1,6
1,6
b
0
4,4 3,9 3,3 2,2 1,6 - - -
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

211
b
1
- - - 2,2 2,1 1,9 1,7 1,4
o: c cho theo cng thc sau y:
B
13,8
24 11f

f
B
: Nh quy nh 4.4.3-1.
C: H s tnh theo cng thc sau y ty thuc vo t s
l
S
:
0,43
l
S
+2,5 nu 1 s
l
S
<3,5
4,0 nu 3,5 s
l
S

l: Khong cch cc ngang nu l h thng kt cu dc, hoc khong cch cc sng
y nu l h thng kt cu ngang (m).
2 Khi hng ha c t trng rt nh th chiu dy tn y trn c th c thay i thch
ng.
3 di ming khoang nu y trn khng c lt g th chiu dy tn y trn, tr
trng hp quy nh -4, phi c tng 2 mm so vi tr s tnh theo cng thc th hai
ca -1, hoc theo 4.1.1-5, ly tr s no ln hn tr khi quy nh -4 c p dng.
4 nhng tu m hng ha thng xuyn c bc xp bng gu ngom hoc bng mt
phng tin c gii tng t, chiu dy ca tn y trn phi c tng 2,5 mm so vi tr
s quy nh -1 hoc 4.1.1-5, ly tr s no ln hn, tr trng hp tn y trn c
lt g.
5 Trong bung my chnh chiu dy ca tn y trn phi c tng 2 mm so vi tr s quy
nh -1 hoc theo 4.1.1-5, ly tr s no ln hn.
4.5.2 Chiu dy ca sng hng
Chiu dy ca sng hng phi c tng 1,5 mm so vi tr s tnh theo cng thc th hai
ca 4.5.1-1. Tuy nhin, chiu dy ca sng hng phi khng nh hn chiu dy ca tn
y trn ti vng .
4.5.3 Chiu rng ca sng hng
Sng hng phi c chiu rng v phi ph su vo phn pha trong tu tnh t ng
chn ca m hng.
4.5.4 M
1 Nu y kt cu theo h thng dc th m ngang phi c t mi mt sn, i t
sng hng n dm dc y di v dm dc y trn k cn. M ngang phi c hn
vi sng hng, vi tn bao v vi dm dc y.
2 Chiu dy ca m quy nh -1 phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc 4.2.4-2.
4.5.5 Tn bao y
Trong vng khoang hng, ch c y i, chiu dy ca tn bao y phi khng nh
hn tr s tnh theo cng thc 14.3.4 hoc tnh theo cng thc th nht ca 4.5.1-1, ly
tr s no ln hn. Tuy nhin, khi p dng cng thc 4.5.1-1 th o c tnh theo cng
thc sau y:
B
13,8
24 15,5f

Trong :
B
f : c quy nh nh 4.4.3-1.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

212
4.6 M hng
4.6.1 M hng
1 Chiu dy ca m lin kt sn khoang vi sng hng phi c tng 1,5 mm so vi tr
s tnh theo cng thc 4.2.4-2.
2 Cnh t do ca m phi c gia cng thch ng.
3 Nu do hnh dng ca tu m m hng qu di th phi t thanh thp gc b sung dc
trn cnh cc m hoc phi dng bin php thch hp khc.
4.6.2 Tm p gc
1 M hng v sng hng phi c lin kt vi nhau bng tm p gc c chiu dy bng
chiu dy sng hng.
2 Ty theo bin php b tr kt cu c th khng cn n tm p gc.
4.7 ngang h
4.7.1 B tr
Nu y i kt cu theo h thng ngang th khong gia cc ngang c ti mi mt
sn phi t ngang h theo yu cu 4.7.
4.7.2 Kch thc ca dm ngang y di v dm ngang y trn
1 M un chng un ca tit din dm ngang y di phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo
cng thc sau y:
CShl
2

(cm
3
)
Trong :
l : Khong cch gia cc m lin kt vi sng chnh v cc m lin kt vi sng hng
(m). Nu y c sng ph th l l khong cch ln nht trong cc khong cch t
np ng gia cng sng ph n m (xem Hnh 2A/4.1).

Hnh 2A/4.1 ngang h

S : Khong cch gia cc dm ngang y di (m).
h : d +0,026 L
L : Nh quy nh 4.4.3-1.

Khng nh
hn 0,05B
l
Khng nh hn 0,05B

b dng cho thanh chng

ng tm tu

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

213
6,67 : Nu khng c thanh chng thng ng quy nh 4.7.3.
4,17 : Nu c thanh chng thng ng nh quy nh 4.7.3 vi nhng khoang
c s dng nh kt su v nhng khoang c th b trng khi tu ti.
3,33 : nhng ch khc.
2 M un chng un ca tit din dm ngang y trn phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo
cng thc sau y:
CShl
2
(m)
Trong :
l v S : Nh quy nh -1.
h : Nh quy nh 4.4.3-2.
6,0: Nu khng c thanh chng thng ng quy nh 4.7.3.
3,6: Nu c thanh chng thng ng quy nh 4.7.3.
1 Thanh chng thng ng khng c lm bng thp dt hoc thp m v phi c hn
chc chn vo bn thnh ca dm dc y di v dm dc y trn.
2 Din tch tit din thanh chng thng ng quy nh -1 phi tha mn yu cu 4.4.4.
4.7.4 M
1 Dm ngang y trn v dm ngang y di phi c lin kt vi sng chnh v sng
hng bng m c chiu dy khng nh hn chiu dy tnh theo cng thc cho 4.2.4-2.
2 Chiu rng ca m quy nh -1 phi khng nh hn 0,05 B. M phi c hn chc
chn ln dm ngang y trn v dm ngang y di. Cnh t do ca m phi c gia
cng thch ng.
4.8 Kt cu v gia cng y pha mi tu
4.8.1 p dng
1 nhng tu c chiu chm mi trong iu kin dn nh hn 0,037 L, kt cu ca on
y gia cng pha mi tu phi tha mn cc yu cu 4.8, trong L ly nh c
quy nh 4.4.3-1.
2 nhng tu c chiu chm mi trong iu kin dn qu nh v c vn tc qu ln so vi
chiu di tu, phi c bit quan tm n kt cu ca on y gia cng pha mi tu.
3 nhng tu c chiu chm mi trong iu kin dn khng nh hn 0,037 L th kt cu
ca on y gia cng pha mi tu c th theo quy nh 4.2, 4.3 v 4.4.
4.8.2 on y gia cng pha mi tu
1 Phn y phng mi tu t v tr quy nh Bng 2A/4.5 c gi l on y gia
cng pha mi tu.
2 Mc d nhng quy nh -1, trong trng hp tu c C
b
qu nh, tu c chiu chm trong
iu kin dn qu nh, v.v..., phm vi ca on y gia cng pha mi tu phi c ko
di thm theo yu cu ca ng kim.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

214
4.8.3 Kt cu
1 T vch chng va n 0,05 L sau mt cui ca on y gia cng pha mi tu cc sng
ph phi c t cch nhau khng xa qu 2,3 mt. Trong h thng kt cu ngang, t
vch chng va n 0,025 L sau mt cui ca on y gia cng pha mi tu, gia cc
sng ph phi t nhng na sng ph hoc nhng np dc tn bao y.
Bng 2A/4.5 Mt cui ca on y gia cng mi tu
V
L

>
s

1,1
1,1
1,25
1,25
1,4
1,4
1,5
1,5
1,6
1,6
1,7
1,7

V tr ca mt cui tnh t mi tu 0,15 L 0,175
L
0,2 L 0,225 L 0,25 L 0,275 L 0,3 L
2 Trong on t vch chng va n mt cui ca on y gia cng mi tu, ngang c
phi c t mi mt sn nu y kt cu theo h thng ngang v phi c t xa
nhau nht l mt sn th hai nu y kt cu theo h thng dc.
3 ngang c phi c gia cng bng nhng np ng t trong mt phng ca na
sng ph hoc ca np dc tn bao y. Nu cc np dc tn bao y c t kh gn
nhau v ngang c c gia cng y th np ng gia cng ngang c
c th c t trong mt phng ca mi chic np th hai ca tn bao y.
4 nhng tu trong iu kin dn c chiu chm mi ln hn 0,025 L nhng nh hn 0,037 L
nu kt cu v b tr ca on y gia cng mi tu khng th tha mn c cc yu
cu trn th ngang v sng ph phi c bi thng thch ng.
4.8.4 Kch thc ca np dc tn bao hoc dm dc y
1 nhng tu trong iu kin dn c chiu chm mi khng ln hn 0,025 L m un chng
un ca tit din np dc tn bao hoc dm dc y on y gia cng mi tu phi
khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y:
0,53pl
2
(cm
3
)
Trong :
l : Khong cch gia cc ngang c (m)
: 0,774 l, tuy nhin, nu khong cch cc np dc tn bao hoc dm dc y
khng ln hn 0,774 l th c ly bng khong cch (m).
p : p sut va p ca sng (kPa) tnh theo cng thc sau y:
1 2
LC C
2,48
|
(kPa)
Trong :
C
1
: H s cho Bng 2A/4.6
Vi tr s trung gian ca
V
L
th C
1
c tnh theo php ni suy tuyn tnh.
Bng 2A/ 4.6 Tr s ca C
1

V
L

s 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 > 1,5
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

215
C
1
0,12 0,18 0,23 0,26 0,28 0,29

C
2
: H s tnh theo cng thc sau y:
C
2
=0,4 : Nu
V
L
s 1,0
C
2
=0,667
V
L
- 0,267 : Nu 1,0 <
V
L
s 1,3
C
2
=1,5
V
L
- 1,35 : Nu
V
L
> 1,3
|: dc ca y tu c tnh theo cng thc sau y, nhng
2
C
|
khng cn phi
ly ln hn 11,43: (xem Hnh 2A/4.2).
0,0025L
b

b: Khong cch nm ngang t ng tm tu n giao im ca tn bao vi ng
nm ngang cao 0,0025 L pha trn ca tn gia y, o mt sn 0,2L
tnh t sng mi (m) (xem Hnh 2A/4.2).

Hnh 2A/4.2 Cch o b
2 nhng tu trong iu kin dn c chiu chm mi ln hn 0,025 L nhng nh hn
0,037 L, m un chng un ca tit din np dc tn bao hoc dm dc y on y
gia cng mi tu phi c tnh theo php ni suy tuyn tnh t cc tr s tnh theo yu
cu -1 v 4.4.

b
Mt trn ca tn gia y

ng tm tu

(Tit din thn tu ti v tr 0,2 L tnh t sng mi)

|
0
,
0
0
2
5
L

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

216
CHNG 5 SN
5.1 Quy nh chung
5.1.1 Phm vi p dng
Nhng yu cu ca Chng ny c p dng cho cc tu c bn ngang v cng
ngang to bi cc vch ngang khng km hiu qu so vi nhng vch ngang quy nh
Chng 11. Nu bn ngang v cng ngang to bi nhng vch km hiu qu hn
th phi c nhng bin php gia cng b sung bng cch tng kch thc ca sn hoc
t thm nhng sn khe, v.v...
5.1.2 Sn trong vng kt su
bn ca sn trong vng kt su phi khng nh hn so vi yu cu i vi np vch
kt su.
5.1.3 kn ca nc kt
Sn khng c xuyn qua nc kt nc hoc nc kt du tr khi c bin php kn
nc hoc kn du hu hiu c trnh duyt.
5.1.4 Tng kch thc do c l khot
Nu c nhng l khot ln bn thnh ca sn th kch thc ca sn phi c tng
thch ng.
5.1.5 Kt cu chn sn
Phi c bit quan tm n tnh trng tp trung ng sut kt cu chn sn.
5.1.6 Sn trong vng ni hi v sn trong vng gi trc chn vt
1 Trong bung ni hi kch thc ca sn, sn khe v sng dc mn, v.v..., phi c
tng thch ng.
2 Kt cu v kch thc ca sn trong vng gi trc chn vt phi c ng kim xt
duyt c bit.
5.1.7 Sn v sng dc mn to vi tn bao mt gc qu nh
Nu gc gia bn thnh ca sng dc mn hoc sn v tn bao qu nh th kch thc
ca sn v ca sng dc mn phi c tng thch ng so vi yu cu bnh thng v
nu cn th phi to chng vn.
5.1.8 Sn v tr mn loe rng c bit
Sn thng, dm dc mn v sn khe cc dm dc mn, t vng mi loe rng,
chu p lc sng va p mnh phi c tng cng thch ng v phi c lin kt
chc chn.
5.2 Khong cch sn
5.2.1 Khong cch sn
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

217
1 Khong cch chun ca cc sn c tnh theo cng thc sau y:
2L +450 (mm)
2 Trong cc khoang mi, khoang ui v bu ui khong cch sn phi khng ln hn
610 mm.
3 on t 0,2 L tnh t mi tu n vch chng va, khong cch sn phi khng ln hn
700 mm hoc khong cch chun quy nh -1, ly tr s no nh hn.
4 Cc yu cu -2 v -3 c th c thay i nu v tr hoc kch thc ca sn c
quan tm thch ng.
5.2.2 Khong cch dm dc mn
Khong cch chun ca cc dm dc mn c tnh theo cng thc sau y:
2L +550 (mm)
5.2.3 Trng hp khong cch sn ln hn khong cch chun
Nu khong cch sn sai khc 250 mm tr ln so vi khong cch chun quy nh
5.2.1 v 5.2.2 th kch thc v kt cu ca y i v ca cc kt cu lin quan khc phi
c xem xt c bit.
5.2.4 Khong cch sn ti a
Khong cch sn khng nn ln hn 1,0 mt.
5.3 Sn khoang
5.3.1 p dng
1 Sn khoang l sn di boong thp nht t vch chng va n vch ui k c trong
bung my.
2 Nhng quy nh t 5.3.2 n 5.3.4 c p dng cho sn khoang ca nhng tu c kt
cu thng thng.
3 i vi nhng tu c kt hng hoc nhng tu c kt cu c bit nh c mn kp, sn
khoang phi c ng kim xem xt.
4 Nu t trng ca hng ha trong khoang nh ngha 4.1.1-6 ln hn 0,9 th kch thc
ca sn khoang phi c xem xt c bit.
5.3.2 Kch thc ca sn khoang
1 on t vch ui n 0,15 L k t ng vung gc mi, m un chng un ca tit
din sn khoang phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y:
C
0
CShl
2

(cm
3
)
Trong :
S: Khong cch sn (m).
l: Khong cch thng ng t mt y trn mn n mt x boong nh sn (m).
Vi nhng sn pha sau ca 0,25 L k t mi tu th l c o mt sn gia.
Vi nhng sn t 0,25 L n 0,15 L tnh t mi tu th l c o 0,25 L tnh t
mi tu.
Vi nhng sn mn c loe ln th l l chiu di t do ca sn.
Nu chiu di ca sn sai khc nhiu so vi chiu di o c cc v tr ni
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

218
trn v boong thp nht b gin on hoc v chiu cao y i thay i t
ngt, th nhng ng ko di t boong thp nht hoc t nh y i tng
ng song song vi boong trn hoc vi tn gia y phi c ly l boong
thp nht hoc nh y i v l phi c o v tr tng ng (xem Hnh
2A/5.1 v 2A/ 5.2 (a) v (b)).
h: Khong cch thng ng t mt di ca l ti v tr cn o n im d +0,038 L
pha trn ca tn gia y (xem Hnh 2A/5.2 (a) v (b)).
L: Chiu di tu (m). Tuy nhin nu L > 230 mt th ly L = 230 mt.
C
0
: H s tnh theo cng thc sau y nhng phi khng nh hn 0,85
e
1,25 2
l

e: Chiu cao ca m hng o t mt di ca l (m).
C: H s tnh theo cng thc sau y:
C
1
+C
2

(1) h thng kt cu thng thng khng c kt nh mn:
1
l
C 2,1 1,2
h
=
2
d
C 2,2k
h
= o
o : H s cho Bng 2A/5.1. Vi cc tr s trung gian ca
H
B
l
th o c tnh
theo php ni suy tuyn tnh.
l
H
Bng 2A/5.1 H s
H
B
l

s 0,5 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2 > 1,4
o 0,023 0,018 0,010 0,006 0,0034 0,002
k : H s c cho di y ty thuc vo s lng tng boong:
13 (Cho h mt boong)
21 (Cho h hai boong)
50 (Cho h ba boong)
Ty thuc vo h boong, tr s k phi c tng thch ng nu B/l ln
hn tr s sau y:
2,8 (Cho h mt boong)
4,2 (Cho h hai boong)
5,0 (cho h ba boong)
(2) Vi h thng kt cu c kt nh mn:
1
l
C 3,4 2,4
h
=
2
d
C 27
h
= o
o: Nh quy nh (1).
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

219
Nu
B
l
ln hn 4,0 th C
2
phi c tng thch ng.
2 on t vch chng va n 0,15 L tnh t mi tu m un chng un ca tit din sn
khoang phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y:
2
0
C CShl (cm
3
)
Trong :
l: Nh quy nh -1 nhng c o 0,15 L tnh t mi tu.
S, h v C
0
: Nh quy nh -1.
C: H s bng 1,3 ln tr s quy nh -1.
3 Vi nhng sn nm pha di x ngang khe x dc boong, m un chng un ca
tit din phi c tnh theo -1 v -2 nhng phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc
sau y:
2
2 1 1
h l 1 l
2,4n 0,17 0,1 Shl
9,81h l h

| |
+
`
|
\ .

)
(cm
3
)
Trong :
n: T s gia khong cch x ngang khe v khong sn.
h
1
: Ti trng boong quy nh 8.2 cho x boong nh sn (kN/m
2
).
l
1
: Tng chiu di ca x ngang khe (m) (Xem Hnh 2A/5.2 (a)).
S
1
, l v h: Nh quy nh -1 v -2.
4 (1) Nu t s gia chiu cao tit din sn v chiu di o t boong nh sn n nh
ca m di nh hn 1/24 (Cho trng hp sn nu -1) v nh hn 1/22 (Cho trng
hp ca sn nu -2) th kch thc ca cc sn phi c tng thch ng.
(2) Nu chiu cao tit din sng chnh ca y i nh hn B/16 th kch thc ca sn
phi c tng thch ng.
5 Nu boong nh sn c ming khot di hoc c nhiu dy ming khot th kch thc
ca sn khoang v kt cu nh ca n phi c xem xt c bit.
5.3.3 Sn khoang c bi sn khe v sng dc mn
1 Nu sn khoang c bi sn khe v sng dc mn quy nh Chng 6 th m
un chng un ca tit din ca n phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y:
(1) Vi nhng sn on t vch ui n 0,15 L k t mi tu:
2
2,1CShl (cm
3
)
(2) Vi nhng sn on t vch chng va n 0,15 L k t mi tu:
2
3,2CShl (cm
3
)
Trong :
h: Nh quy nh 5.3.2-1.
l: Nh quy nh 5.3.2-1 hoc -2. Nu khong cch nh hn 2 mt th l c ly
bng 1 mt cng 0,5 khong cch (Xem Hnh 2A/5.1 v 2.A/5.2 (c)).
C: Tnh theo cng thc sau y, nhng c ly bng 1,0 nu n nh hn 1,0:
2
1 2 4
l e
C 3 C
l l
( | |
= o o
| (
\ .

Trong :
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

220
l
2
: Khong cch thng ng mn t sng dc mn thp nht n sng
dc mn ngay pha trn hoc n boong (m) (Xem Hnh 2A/5.2 (c)).
o
1
v o
2
: c cho Bng 2A/5.2.
e: Chiu cao ca m di o t mt di ca l, tuy nhin nu chiu cao
ln hn 0,25 l th ly e =0,25 l (m) (Xem Hnh 2A/5.2 (c)).
C
4
: H s tnh theo cng thc sau y nhng nu C
4
nh hn 1,0 th ly
C
4
=1,0 v nu C
4
ln hn 2,2 th ly C
4
=2,2.
0
H
2
H
- 1,5
H
0
: Khong cch thng ng t mt y trn mn n boong thp
nht (m) (Xem Hnh 2A/5.2 (c)).
H: Khong cch thng ng t mt di ca H
0
n boong mn kh
mn (m) (Xem Hnh 2A/5.2(c)).
Bng 2A/5.2 Cc tr s ca
1
v
2

S lng sng dc mn di
boong thp nht
o
1
o
2

1 0,75 2,0
2 0,90 1,8
> 3 1,25 1,3
2 Nu hiu ca hai nhp t do k nhau ca sn (o theo phng thng ng gia hai sng
mn ln cn nhau hoc t sng mn n mt sn) khng nh hn 25% hoc hiu ca
nhp t do di nht v nhp t do ngn nht khng nh hn 50% th kch thc ca sn
quy nh -1 phi tho mn yu cu ca ng kim.
3 Nu chiu cao ca m chn sn nh hn 0,05l (l quy nh -1) th kch thc ca sn
khoang v kt cu chn ca n phi c xem xt c bit.
5.3.4 Lin kt ca sn khoang
1 Sn khoang phi ln m hng mt on t nht bng 1,5 chiu cao tit din sn v
phi c lin kt chc chn vi m hng.

Hnh 2A/5.1 Cc v tr o l ca sn khoang
2 nh ca sn khoang phi c lin kt chc chn vi boong v x ngang boong bng
l

l
l

y trn

A B C D
0,15L
0,25L
ng
vung
gc ui
Khoang
ui

Khoang
mi

Boong thp nht

ng
vung
gc
mi

Vi cc sn t A n B: l c o
Vi cc sn t B n C: l c o B
Vi cc sn t C n D: l c o C

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

221
m. Nu boong nh sn c kt cu theo h thng dc th m nh sn phi i ra
n x dc boong k cn vi sn v c lin kt vi x dc .

5.4 Dm dc mn v cc c cu khc
5.4.1 Dm dc mn
1 M un chng un ca tit din dm dc mn on gia tu di boong mn kh phi
(a) H thng kt cu thng thng
khng c kt nh mn
(b) H thng kt cu c kt nh
mn
Boong mn kh
Boong thp nht
d +0,038L' cao hn
mt tn gia y
l1
Sng ngang boong
(h thng dc)
y trn
d +0,038L' cao hn
mt tn gia y
y trn

l

h

e

l

h

e

d +0,038L' cao hn
mt tn gia y

Boong mn kh

y trn

(c) H thng sn kho v sng
dc mn
Ch thch:
e phi khng ln hn 0,25 l.
Nu l nh hn 2 mt th l phi c
ly bng 1 mt cng 0,5 chiu di
nhp thc.

Hnh 2A/5.2 l, h, H, v.v..., dng cho sn khoang
h

H

H
0

l
2

l

e

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

222
khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cc cng thc sau y, ly tr s no ln hn:
2
100CShl (cm
3
)
2
2,9 LSl (cm
3
)
Trong :
S: Khong cch gia cc dm dc (m).
l: Khong cch gia cc sn khe, hoc t vch ngang n sn khe, k c chiu
di ca lin kt (m).
h: Khong cch thng ng t dm dc mn ang xt n im d + 0,038L cao hn
mt tn gia y (m).
L: Chiu di ca tu. Tuy nhin, nu L > 230 mt th ly L= 230 mt.
C: H s tnh theo cc cng thc sau y:
1
24 k

Trong :
B
s
y
k 15,5f 1 2,5
D
| |
=
|
\ .
hoc 6 ly tr s no ln hn.
y : Khong cch thng ng t mt tn gia y n dm dc mn ang xt (m).
B
f : T s m un chng un ca tit din thn tu yu cu Chng 13 chia
cho m un chng un thc ca tit din thn tu ly vi y tu. Tuy
nhin, nu
B
f nh hn 0,85 th ly
B
f =0,85.
2 Ra ngoi on gia tu, m un chng un ca tit din dm dc mn c th gim dn v
pha mi v ui tu, v mi v ui tu c th cn bng 0,85 tr s tnh theo -1. Tuy
nhin, on t vch chng va n 0,15 L k t mi tu m un chng un ca tit din
dm dc mn phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc cho -1.
3 Chiu cao tit din ca thanh thp dt dng lm dm dc mn phi khng ln hn 15 ln
chiu dy ca n.
4 on gia tu dm dc mn t di tn mp mn phi c gng c mnh khng
ln hn 60.
5 M un chng un ca tit din dm dc hng khng cn phi ln hn m un chng un
ca tit din dm dc y.
6 Dm dc mn phi i lin tc qua vch ngang hoc phi c lin kt vi vch ngang
bng m bo m vng chc v m bo s lin tc v bn dc.
5.4.2 Sn khe
Sn khe dm dc mn phi tha mn cc yu cu t (1) n (3):
(1) Sn khe phi c t cc mt sn c ngang c.
(2) Kch thc ca sn khe phi khng c nh hn tr s tnh theo cc cng thc
sau y:
Chiu cao tit din: 0,1 l (m) hoc 2,5 chiu cao ca l khot dm dc xuyn qua,
ly tr s no ln hn.
M un chng un ca tit din:
2
1
C Shl (cm
3
)
Chiu dy bn thnh: t
1
hoc t
2
, ly tr s no ln hn.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

223
2
1
0
C Shl
t 2,5
1000 d
= +
(mm)
2
0 1
3
2
d (t 2,5)
t 8,6 2,5
k
= + (mm)
Trong :
S: Khong cch gia cc sn khe (m).
l: Chiu di t do ca sn khe (m).
d
0
: Chiu cao tit din sn khe (m). Tuy nhin, trong tnh ton t
1
, chiu cao ca
l khot dm dc mn xuyn qua, nu c, phi c tr i khi chiu cao
tit din bn thnh. Nu chiu cao tit din bn thnh b phn chia bi cc np
nm th trong tnh ton t
2
, d
0
c ly bng chiu cao c phn chia ca tit
din bn thnh.
h: Khong cch thng ng t mt di ca l n im d + 0,038 L cao hn mt
tn gia y (m). Tuy nhin, nu khong cch nh hn 1,43 l th h c ly
bng 1,43l (m).
L: Nh quy nh 5.4.1-1.
C
1
v C
2
: Cc h s c cho Bng 2A/5.3.
k: H s cho Bng 2A/5.4 ph thuc vo t s gia S
1
v d
0
, trong S
1
l
khong cch cc np hoc m chng vn t bn thnh (m). Vi cc tr s
trung gian ca
1
0
S
d
th k c tnh theo php ni suy tuyn tnh.
Bng 2A/5.3 Cc h s C
1
v C
2

Sn khe pha sau ca
0,15 L tnh t mi tu
Sn khe t vch chng va n
0,15 L tnh t mi tu
C
1

l
6,6 1 0,4
h
| |
|
\ .

l
8,6 1 0,4
h
| |
|
\ .

C
2

l
35 1,43 0,43
h
| |
|
\ .

l
45,5 1,43 0,43
h
| |
|
\ .

(3) Sn khe phi c gn nhng m chng vn t cch nhau khong 3 mt. Nu
chiu rng ca bn mp mi bn ca bn thnh ln hn 180 mm th m chng vn
phi c bn mp. Np gia cng phi c t bn thnh trong mt phng ca
mi dm dc mn. Tuy nhin on gia ca nhp sn khe, np gia cng c th
c t trong mt phng ca mi chic dm dc th hai. Bn thnh ca dm dc
mn v bn thnh ca sn khe phi c lin kt vi nhau.
Bng 2A/5.4 H s k
1
0
S
d
s 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,5 > 2,0
k 60,0 40,0 26,8 20,0 16,4 14,4 13,0 12,3 11,1 10,2

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

224
5.5 H thng x cng xon
5.5.1 X ngang cng xon
X ngang cng xon phi tha mn cc yu cu t (1) n (7):
(1) Chiu cao tit din x ngang cng xon o nh trong ca m mt ngoi phi khng
nh hn 1/5 khong cch nm ngang t mt trong ca x ngang cng xon n nh
trong ca m mt ngoi.
(2) Chiu cao tit din x ngang cng xon c th c gim dn t nh trong m mt
ngoi vo n mt trong ca x, ti chiu cao tit din c th c gim n cn
bng 0,5 chiu cao tit din ti nh trong ca m mt ngoi.
(3) M un chng un ca tit din x ngang cng xon ti nh trong ca m mt ngoi
phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y (xem Hnh 2A/5.3).
0 1 1 2 2
1
7,1Sl bh b h
2
| |
+
|
\ .
(cm
3
)
Trong :

S: Khong cch gia cc x ngang cng xon (m).
l
0
: Khong cch nm ngang t mt trong ca x ngang cng xon n nh trong
ca m mt ngoi (m).
b
1
: Khong cch theo phng ngang t mt trong ca x ngang cng xon n nh
trong ca m mt ngoi ca x ngang cng xon hoc sng ngang boong (m).
Tuy nhin, nu boong c kt cu theo h thng dc m khng c sng
ngang boong t trong khong cc x ngang cng xon th b
1
c ly bng l
0
.
b
2
: Na chiu rng ca ming khot boong c bi x ngang cng xon (m).
h
1
: Ti trng boong quy nh 8.2 cho sng ngang boong bi x ngang cng
xon (kN/m
2
).
h
2
: Ti trng tc dng ln np ming khoang bi x ngang cng xon. Ti trng
h
2
phi khng c nh hn tr s tnh theo cc mc t (a) n (c) sau y, ty
thuc vo loi boong (kN/m
2
).
(a) Vi boong chu thi tit, h
2
l ti trng boong quy nh 8.2.1-2 cho sng
ngang boong hoc trng lng thit k cc i ca hng ha ming
khoang trn mt n v din tch (kN/m
2
), ly tr s no ln hn. 8.2.1- 2
(2) tr s ca y c th c ly l khong cch thng ng t ng nc
Hnh 2A/5.3 o l
0
, b
1
, b
2
v H
2

b1
H2
b2
b2
l0
b1
l0
Chiu cao ti trng hng
ha, H
2
m t trn hnh v
phi c xt n khi n l
h
2
ca boong di

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

225
trng ti thit k cc i n mp trn ca thnh ming khoang. Trong mi
trng hp h
2
phi khng nh hn 17,5 kN/m
2
i vi ming khoang v tr
I v khng nh hn 12,8 kN/m
2
i vi ming khoang v tr II quy nh
Chng 18.
(b) Vi nhng boong khng phi l boong chu thi tit dng cha hng
ha hoc d tr th h2 l ti trng boong quy nh 8.2.1-1.
(c) Vi nhng boong khng phi l boong ni (a) hoc (b) trn y th h
2

c ly bng h
1
.
(4) Din tch tit din bn mp ca x ngang cng xon c th c gim dn t nh trong
ca m mt ngoi vo n mt trong ca x ngang cng xon, ti din tch tit din
bn mp c th c gim n cn bng 0,6 din tch tit din bn mp ti nh trong
ca m mt ngoi.
(5) Chiu dy bn thnh ca x ngang cng xon mi ch phi khng nh hn tr s tnh
theo cc cng thc sau y, ly tr s no ln hn:
1 1 2 2
1
c
1
S bh b h
2
t 0,0095 2,5
d
| |
+
|
\ .
= + (mm)
2
3
2 c 1
t 5,8 d (t 2,5) 2,5 = + (mm)
Trong :
S, b
1
, b
2
, h
1
v h
2
: Nh quy nh (3). Tuy nhin, trong cng thc tnh t
1
nu boong
c kt cu theo h thng dc m khng c sng ngang boong t trong
khong gia cc x ngang cng xon th b
1
/2 c thay th bng khong cch
nm ngang (m) t mt trong ca x ngang cng xon n tit din ang xt.
d
c
: Chiu cao tit din ang xt ca x ngang cng xon (m). Tuy nhin, trong tnh
ton t
1
, chiu cao ca l khot x dc xuyn qua (nu c) phi c tr i
khi tit din x ngang cng xon. Trong cng thc tnh t
2
nu bn thnh c
gn cc np nm th d
c
c ly bng chiu cao b phn chia ca tit din bn
thnh.
(6) X ngang cng xon phi c gn cc m chng vn cch nhau khong 3 mt. Nu
chiu rng ca bn mp x ngang cng xon mi bn ca bn thnh ln hn 180 mm
th m chng vn phi c bn mp. Np ca bn thnh phi c t theo mi
dm dc, tr on gia nhp ca x ngang cng xon np c th c t theo mi
dm dc th hai.
(7) Vng bn thnh k vi nh trong ca m mt ngoi phi c gia cng c bit.
5.5.2 Sn khe
Sn khe x ngang cng xon phi tha mn cc yu cu t (1) n (7) sau y:
(1) Chiu cao tit din sn khe phi khng nh hn 1/8 chiu di sn khe k c
chiu di ca cc lin kt u sn.
(2) M un chng un ca tit din sn khe phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng
thc di y. Tuy nhin, nu c sn khe ni boong cng vi x ngang cng xon
boong trn t nh ca sn khe th tr s tnh c theo cng thc ny c
th c gim n cn bng 60%:
1 1 1 2 2
1
7,1Sl bh b h
2
| |
+
|
\ .
(cm
3
)
Trong :
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

226
S: Khong cch gia cc sn khe (m).
l
1
: Khong cch nm ngang t mt trong ca x ngang cng xon c n
cnh trong ca sn khe (m).
b
1
, b
2
, h
1
v h
2
: Nh c quy nh 5.5.1(3) cho chic x ngang cng xon c .
Tuy nhin, nu boong c kt cu theo h thng dc m khng c sng ngang
boong t trong khong gia cc x ngang cng xon th b
1
c thay bng l
1
.
(3) M un chng un ca tit din sn khe ni boong phi tha mn yu cu (2) v
thm vo , phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y:
1 1 1 1 2 2
1
7,1C Sl bh b h
2
| |
+
|
\ .
(cm
3
)
Trong :
S, l
1
, b
1
, b
2
, h
1
v h
2
: Nh quy nh (2).
C
1:
H s tnh theo cng thc:
1 1 2 2
1
1 1 2 2
1
b 'h ' b 'h '
2
C 0,15 0,5
1
bh b h
2
+
= +
+

Trong :
1 2 1
b ',b ',h ' v
'
2
h : Tng ng l b
1
, b
2
, h
1
v h
2
quy nh (2) cho x ngang
cng xon di sn khe ni boong ang xt.
(4) Chiu dy bn thnh phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cc cng thc sau y, ly tr
s no ln hn:
2 1 1 2 2
1
1
w
1
C S bh b h
l 2
t 0,0095 2,5
d l
| |
+
|
\ .
= + (mm)
2
3
2 w 1
t 5,8 d (t 2,5) 2,5 = + (mm)
Trong :
S, b
1
,b
2
, h
1
, h
2
v l
1
: Nh quy nh (2).
w
d ': Chiu cao nh nht ca tit din sn kho (m). Tuy nhin, trong tnh ton t
1
,
chiu cao l khot dm dc mn xuyn qua, nu c, phi c tr i khi
chiu cao tit din sn khe. Nu chiu cao tit din b phn chia bi cc
np nm th trong tnh ton t
2
chiu cao b phn chia c ly lm d
w
.
l: Chiu di ca sn khe k c chiu di ca cc lin kt hai mt (m).
C
2
: H s c cho di y:
i vi sn khe trong khoang:
0,9: Nu c sn khe ni boong cng vi x ngang cng xon boong
trn t ln nh ca sn khe trong khoang
1,5: Trong cc trng hp khc.
i vi sn khe ni boong: C
1
+ 0,6 trong C
1
c cho (3).
(5) Nu sn khe x ngang cng xon ng thi c dm dc mn hoc sng dc
mn th kch thc ca n phi tha mn cc yu cu 5.4.2 hoc Chng 6 cng
vi cc yu cu sau y:
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

227
(a) M un chng un ca tit din phi khng nh hn tr s tnh t cng thc (2)
nhn vi h s sau y:
Nu c sn khe ni boong cng vi x ngang cng xon t trn:
2 2
u u
1 1 2 2 1
0,05hl 0,09h l
0,6 9,81
1
1,4 bh b h l
2
+
+
| |
+
|
\ .

Trong cc trng hp khc: 1,0
Trong :
l : Chiu di ca sn khe trong khoang k c cc lin kt hai mt (m).
l
u
: Chiu di ca sn khe ni boong t trc tip trn, k c chiu di
ca cc lin kt hai mt (m).
h : Khong cch thng ng t trung im ca l n im d + 0,038L cao
hn mt tn gia y (m).
L : Bng chiu di ca tu (m), tuy nhin nu L > 230 mt th ly L =230 mt.
h
u
: Khong cch thng ng t trung im ca l
u
n im m h c o ti
(m). Tuy nhin nu im di trung im ca l
u
th ly h
u
=0.
b
1
, b
2
, h
1
, h
2
v l
1
: Nh quy nh (2).
(b) Chiu dy bn thnh phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo (4) trong tr s ca t
1

phi c cng thm mt lng tnh theo cng thc sau y:
w
Shl
0,0255
d
(mm)
Trong :
S : Khong cch cc sn khe (m).
h v l : Nh quy nh (a).
d
w
: Nh quy nh (4).
(6) Sn khe phi c gn m chng vn cch nhau khong 3 mt. Nu chiu rng
bn mp ca sn khe mi bn ca bn thnh ln hn 180 mm th m chng vn
cng phi c bn mp. Np ca bn thnh phi c t theo mi dm dc mn,
tr on gia nhp ca sn khe np c th c t theo mi dm dc th hai.
Bn thnh ca dm dc mn phi c lin kt vi bn thnh ca sn khe.
(7) Sn khe phi c lin kt chc chn vi sn khe di n hoc vi ngang
c m bo s lin tc v bn.
5.5.3 Lin kt x ngang cng xon vi sn khe
X ngang cng xon v sn khe n phi c lin kt chc chn vi nhau bng m
yu cu t (1) n (4).
(1) Bn knh cong ca cnh t do ca m phi khng nh hn chiu cao tit din x
ngang cng xon nh m.
(2) Chiu dy ca m phi khng nh hn chiu dy bn thnh ca x ngang cng xon
hoc ca sn khe, ly tr s no ln hn.
(3) M phi c gia cng thch ng bng cc np.
(4) Cnh t do ca m phi c bn mp c din tch tit din khng nh hn din tch tit
din bn mp ca x ngang cng xon hoc ca sn khe, ly tr s no ln hn. Bn
mp ca m phi c lin kt vi bn mp ca x ngang cng xon v vi bn mp
ca sn khe.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

228

5.6 Sn ni boong
5.6.1 Quy nh chung
1 Kch thc ca sn ni boong phi c xc nh theo quan h vi bn ca sn
khoang, v tr v cng ca vch ngang, v.v...
2 Sn ni boong cng vi sn khoang phi c xc nh c xt n iu kin m bo
s lin tc v bn ca kt cu t y tu n boong trn cng.
3 Kch thc ca sn ni boong quy nh 5.6 l da trn s kt cu chun nhm m bo
cng ngang bng nhng vch ni boong bn t pha trn vch khoang hoc bng
nhng sn khe i ln n nc thng tng v t theo nhng khong cch thch hp.
5.6.2 Kch thc ca sn ni boong
1 M un chng un ca tit din sn ni boong di boong mn kh phi khng nh
hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y:
2
6Shl (cm
3
)
Trong :
S : Khong cch gia cc sn (m).
l : Chiu cao ni boong (m).
h : Khong cch thng ng t trung im ca l n im d + 0,038 L cao hn
mt tn gia y (m). Tuy nhin nu h < 0,03 L (m) th ly h = 0,03 L (m).
L : Chiu di tu (m), tuy nhin, nu L > 230 mt th ly L = 230 mt.
2 M un chng un ca tit din sn ni boong, tr sn ni boong ni -1, phi khng
nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y:
CSlL (cm
3
)
Trong :
S v l : Nh quy nh -1.
C : H s cho Bng 2A/5.5.
Bng 2A/5.5 H s C
Loi sn ni boong C
Sn thng tng (tr hai trng hp di y)
Sn thng tng vng 0,125 L tnh t ui tu
Sn thng tng vng 0,125 L tnh t mi tu v
Sn quay ui tu
0,44
0,57
0,74

3 Kch thc ca sn ni boong di boong mn kh trong on 0,15L tnh t mi tu
v trong on 0,125 L tnh t ui tu phi c tng thch ng so vi kch thc quy
nh -1 v -2.
4 Nu boong c bi nhng x dc v x ngang khe th m un chng un ca tit
din cc sn ni boong x ngang khe ca boong phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo
cng thc sau y, cng vi nhng quy nh -1 v -3:
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

229
2 1
h
2,4 1 0,0714n Shl
h
| |
+
|
\ .
(cm
3
)
Trong :
S, h v l: Nh quy nh -1.
n: T s khong cch gia cc x ngang khe chia cho khong cch gia cc sn
ni boong.
h
1
: Ti trng boong quy nh 8.2 cho x boong nh sn ni boong (kN/m
2
).
5.6.3 Quan tm c bit i sn ni boong
1 bn v cng ca kt cu mi tu v ui tu phi c tng t l vi s tng ca
chiu di t do thc ca sn v chiu cao thng ng ca ni boong.
2 nhng tu c mn kh qu ln kch thc ca sn ni boong c th c gim thch
ng.
5.6.4 Sn thng tng
1 Sn thng tng phi c t theo mi sn pha di.
2 Mc d nhng yu cu 5.6.2-2, trn on di bn khong sn hai u ca thng
tng gia v ca thng tng bit lp trong on 0,5 L gia tu, sn thng tng phi
c m un chng un tnh theo 5.6.2 vi h s C = 0,74.
3 Nhng sn khe hoc on vch phi c t pha trn cc vch yu cu Chng
11 hoc cc v tr khc cn thit to cng ngang ca thng tng.
5.6.5 Sn bu ui
M un chng un ca tit din sn bu ui phi khng nh hn 0,86 ln tr s tnh
theo cng thc 5.8.1.
5.7 Sn di boong mn kh pha trc vch chng va
5.7.1 Sn di boong mn kh
M un chng un (Z) ca tit din sn di boong mn kh phi khng nh hn tr s
tnh theo cng thc sau y:
Z =
2
8Shl (cm
3
)
Trong :
S: Khong cch gia cc sn (m).
l: Chiu di t do ca sn (m), nhng khng nh hn 2,15 m.
h: Khong cch thng ng t trung im ca l n im 0,12 L cao hn mt tn
gia y (m), tuy nhin nu h < 0,06 L (m) th ly h = 0,06 L (m).
5.7.2 Dm dc mn di boong mn kh
Dm dc mn di boong mn kh phi tha mn cc yu cu (1) v (2):
(1) M un chng un (Z) ca tit din dm dc mn phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo
cng thc sau y. Tuy nhin, trong vng t 0,05 D n 0,15 D tnh t mt tn
gia y, m un chng un tnh theo biu thc ny phi c tng 25%, vng di
0,05 D th tng 50%.
Z =
2
8Shl (cm
3
)
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

230
Trong :
S : Khong cch gia cc dm dc mn (m).
l : Khong cch gia cc sng ngang mn hoc t sng ngang mn n vch
ngang (m), tuy nhin, nu l < 2,15 (m), th ly l = 2,15 (m).
h : Khong cch thng ng t dm dc n im 0,12 L cao hn mt tn
gia y (m), tuy nhin, nu h < 0,06 L (m) th ly h = 0,06 L (m).
(2) Cc mt ca dm dc phi c lin kt vi sng mi v vch ngang bng m.
5.8 Sn di boong mn kh pha sau vch ui
5.8.1 Sn di boong mn kh
1 M un chng un (Z) ca tit din sn di boong mn kh phi khng nh hn tr s
Z =
2
8Shl (cm
3
)
Trong :
S : Khong cch gia cc sn (m).
l : Chiu di t do ca sn (m), tuy nhin, nu chiu di nh hn 2,15 mt th
ly l =2,15 mt.
mt tn gia y (m), tuy nhin, nu h < 0,04 L (m), th ly h = 0,04 L (m).
L : Bng chiu di tu (m), tuy nhin, nu L > 230 mt th ly L = 230 mt.
2 Nu vn tc ca tu ln hn 14 hi l/gi th m un chng un ca tit din sn mn
phi c tng so vi tr s yu cu -1, vi mc tng 2% cho mi lng tng 1 hi
l/gi, nhng mc tng khng cn ln hn 12%.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

231
CHNG 6 SN KHE V SNG DC MN
6.1 Quy nh chung
6.1.1 Phm vi p dng
Nhng yu cu ca Chng ny c p dng cho cc sng dc mn cc sn ngang
khoang quy nh 5.3.3 v cc sn khe cc sng dc mn ny.
6.1.2 V tr ca sn khe v sng dc mn
Sn khe v sng dc mn phi c b tr sao cho m bo cng ca kt cu mn.
6.1.3 Sn khe v sng dc mn trong kt su
bn ca sn khe v sng dc mn trong kt su phi khng nh hn bn yu
cu i vi sng ng v sng nm ca vch kt su.
6.1.4 Sn khe v sng dc mn v tr loe rng
Sng dc mn sn khoang v tr mi loe rng c xt n m bo chu c
p lc sng va p mnh, v cc sn kho cc sng dc mn ny phi c gia
cng thch ng v phi c bit quan tm n hiu qu ca lin kt hai u.
6.2 Sn khe
6.2.1 Kch thc ca sn khe
1 Kch thc ca sn khe sng dc mn phi khng nh hn cc tr s tnh theo cc
cng thc sau y:
Chiu cao tit din: 0,125l (m)
M un chng un ca tit din: C
1
Shl
2
(cm
3
)
Chiu dy bn thnh: t
1
hoc t
2
ly tr s no ln hn
2
1
0
C Shl
t 2,5
1000 d
= +
(mm)
2
0 1
3
2
d (t 2,5)
t 8,6 2,5
k
= + (mm)
Trong :
S : Khong cch gia cc sn khe (m).
l : Chiu di t do ca sn khe (m).
h : Khong cch thng ng t mt di ca l n im d + 0,038 L cao hn mt
tn gia y (m).
L : Bng chiu di ca tu (m), tuy nhin, nu L > 230 mt th ly L = 230 mt.
d
0
: Chiu cao tit din sn khe (m). Nu bn thnh ca sn khe c gn
nhng np nm t theo phng ng th chiu cao tit din b phn chia c
ly lm d
0
trong tnh ton t
2
.
C
1
v C
2
k: H s c cho Bng 2A/6.2 ty thuc vo t s S
1
(m) trn d
0
trong S
1
l
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

232
khong cch gia cc np hoc m chng vn t bn thnh ca sn khe.
Vi cc tr s trung gian ca S
1
/d
0
th k c xc nh theo php ni suy tuyn tnh.
Bng 2A/6.1 Cc h s C
1
v C
2

Sn khe pha sau ca 0,15 L
k t mi tu
Sn khe t vch mi n 0,15 L
k t mi tu
C
1
3,0 3,8
C
2
23 28
Bng 2A/6.2 H s k
S
1
/ d
0
s 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,5 > 2,0
k 60,0 40,0 26,8 20,0 16,4 14,4 13,0 12,3 11,1 10,2

2 Nu sn khe qu gn ni hi th chiu dy bn thnh v bn mp ca n phi c
tng thch ng.
6.2.2 Gia cng bn thnh
1 C th yu cu t np hoc m chng vn bn thnh ca sn khe.
2 Cc m chng vn phi c t cch nhau khong 3 mt.
3 Nu chiu rng ca bn mp mi bn ca bn thnh ln hn 180 mm th m chng vn
phi c bn mp.
6.2.3 S lin tc v bn
di boong vch, trn sn khe trong khoang c th yu cu phi t sn khe ni
boong m bo s lin tc v bn ngang ca sn khe trong khoang v trong
bung my.
6.2.4 X boong nh ca sn khe
X boong nh ca sn khe phi c tng cng thch ng v bn v cng.
6.3 Sng dc mn
6.3.1 Kch thc ca sng dc mn trong khoang
1 Kch thc ca sng dc mn phi khng nh hn cc tr s tnh theo cc cng thc sau
y:
Chiu cao tit din: 0,125l (m) cng 1/4 chiu cao (m) ca l khot sn thng chui qua
1
Shl
2
(cm
3
)
Chiu dy bn thnh: t
1
hoc t
2
, ly tr s no ln hn
2
1
0
C Shl
t 2,5
1000 d
= +
(mm)
2
0 1
3
2
d (t 2,5)
t 8,6 2,5
k
= + (mm)
Trong :
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

233
S : Khong cch gia cc trung im ca cc vng t sng dc mn ang xt n
cc sng dc mn k cn hoc n mt y trn mn hoc n mt x boong
mn (m).
l : Khong cch gia cc sn khe (m). Tuy nhin, nu c t cc m hu hiu th
nhp l c th c iu chnh theo quy nh 1.1.16.
h : Khong cch thng ng t trung im ca S n im d + 0,038L cao hn
mt tn gia y (m). Tuy nhin, nu h < 0,05 L (m) th ly h = 0,05 L (m).
L : Nh quy nh 6.2.1-1.
d
0
: Chiu cao tit din sng dc mn (m). Tuy nhin, nu chiu cao tit din bn
thnh b phn chia bi cc np nm song song vi bn mp th chiu cao b phn
chia c ly lm d
0
trong tnh ton t
1
.
C
1
v C
2
Bng 2A/6.3 Cc h s C
1
v C
2

Sng dc mn pha sau ca
0,15L k t mi
Sng dc mn t vch mi n 0,15L
k t mi
C
1
5,1 6,4
C
2
42 52

k: H s c cho Bng 2A/6.2 ty thuc vo t s S
1
(m) trn d
0
, trong S
1
l
khong cch np hoc m chng vn t bn thnh ca sng dc mn. Vi cc
tr s trung gian ca S
1
/ d
0
th k c xc nh theo php ni suy tuyn tnh.
2 Trong bung ni hi, chiu dy cc b phn ca sng dc mn nh bn thnh, bn mp
phi c tng thch ng.
6.3.2 Np bn thnh
Np c chiu di bng chiu cao tit din bn thnh phi c t bn thnh ca sng
dc mn theo mi chic sn th hai.
6.3.3 M chng vn
1 M chng vn phi c t sng dc mn cch nhau khong 3 mt.
2 Nu chiu rng ca bn mp mi bn ca bn thnh ln hn 180 mm th m chng vn
phi c bn mp.
6.3.4 Lin kt ca sng dc mn vi sn khe
1 Lin kt ca sng dc mn vi sn khe phi c thc hin theo sut chiu cao tit
din ca sn khe.
2 Nu sng dc mn v sn khe c chiu cao tit din bng nhau th bn mp ca sng
dc mn phi c lin kt chc chn vi bn mp ca sn khe bng nhng m gc.
6.3.5 Lin kt sng dc mn vi vch ngang
Sng dc mn phi c lin kt chc chn vi vch ngang bng nhng m c kch thc
thch ng.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

234
CHNG 7 GIA CNG CHNG VA
7.1 Quy nh chung
7.1.1 Phm vi p dng
1 on t mi tu n mt v tr thch ng sau vch chng va v on t ui tu n
mt v tr thch ng trc vch ui phi c gia cng chng va thch hp.
2 Nhng sn ngang v dm dc mn t cc on thn tu quy nh -1 phi tha mn
cc yu cu 5.7 v 5.8.
7.1.2 Tm chng va
Trong cc kt khoang mi v khoang ui dng lm kt su phi t tm chng va hu
hiu theo ng tm ca tu hoc kch thc kt cu phi c tng thch ng.
7.1.3 Sng dc to vi tn bao mt gc qu nh
Nu bn thnh ca sng dc lm vi tn bao mt gc qu nh th kch thc ca sng dc
phi c tng thch ng so vi yu cu bnh thng v nu cn th phi to cc
chng vn.
7.2 Gia cng chng va pha trc vch chng va
7.2.1 V tr v kt cu
1 on pha trc ca vch chng va phi t sng chnh c tit din cao hoc vch dc
tm.
2 khoang mi kt cu theo h thng ngang, ngang y c tit din cao phi c
t theo khong cch quy nh 5.2.1-2, cc sng ph phi c t theo khong cch
khng ln hn 2,5 mt. Sn ngang phi c bi cc kt cu quy nh 7.2.2-2 t
cch nhau khng xa qu 2,5 mt.
3 khoang mi kt cu theo h thng dc, sng ngang y dm dc y v sng ngang
mn dm dc mn phi c t cch nhau khng xa qu 2,5 mt. Sng ngang y v
sng ngang mn phi c lin kt cht ch vi nhau v sng ngang boong phi c t
trong cng mt tit din to thnh mt kt cu khung kn.
7.2.2 H thng kt cu ngang
1 ngang y, sng chnh v sng ph
(1) Chiu dy (t) ca ngang y v ca sng chnh khoang mi phi khng nh hn
tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y:
t =0,6 L 4 + (mm)
(2) ngang y phi c chiu cao tit din cn thit to cng cho kt cu v
phi c gia cng thch ng bng cc np.
(3) Cnh trn ca ngang y v ca sng chnh phi c gia cng thch ng.
(4) Chiu dy ca sng ph phi gn bng chiu dy ca sng chnh. Sng ph phi c
chiu cao tit din thch hp vi chiu cao tit din ngang y.
2 Kt cu mn chng va
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

235
(1) Nu x chng va c t mi mt sn th hai v cng vi tm sng mn lin kt
vi tn bao th:
(a) X ngang chng va phi l thp gc hoc thp U c din tch tit din khng nh
hn 0,3 L (cm
2
), c lin kt chc chn vi sn bng m c chiu dy khng
nh hn chiu dy sn. Hn na, quan tm ti chiu di nhp ca x,
ng tm tu, x chng va phi c lin kt chc chn theo phng ng v
theo phng dc ca tu bng nhng thanh thp gc.
(b) Kch thc ca tm sng mn phi khng nh hn cc tr s tnh theo cc cng
thc sau y v mp trong ca chng phi c gia cng thch hp bng bn
mp hoc bng thp gc:
Chiu rng: 2,5L +500 (mm)
Chiu dy : 0,02L +6,5 (mm)
(c) Cc sn khng c t x ngang chng va phi c lin kt vi tm sng
mn bng m. Chiu di ca mi cnh m t nht phi bng 0,5 chiu rng ca
tm sng mn quy nh (b), chiu dy ca m t nht phi bng chiu dy tm
sng mn. Tm sng mn phi c gia cng bng cc thanh thp dt i t u
m ra n cnh trong ca tm sng mn.
(d) Tm sng mn phi c lin kt chc chn vi sng mi v sng nm ca vch
ngang bng m.
(2) Nu x ngang chng va c t mi mt sn cng vi tm thp c khot l gn
ln x ngang i sut t mn ny sang mn kia th:
(a) Din tch tit din x ngang chng va (A) phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng
thc sau y:
A =0,1L + 5 (cm
2
)
(b) Chiu dy (t) tm thp khot l t dc theo cc x ngang chng va phi khng
t =0,02L +5,5 (mm)
(3) Nu sn ngang c bi sng dc mn th:
(a) Kch thc ca sng dc mn phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cc cng thc
sau y:
Chiu cao tit din bn thnh: 0,2l (m) hoc 0,5 + 0,0025L (m) hoc 2,5 chiu cao
ca l khot sn xuyn qua, ly tr s no ln nht.
M un chng un: 8Shl
2
(cm
3
)
Chiu dy bn thnh: t
1
hoc t
2
, ly tr s no ln hn.
1
0
Shl
t 0,042 2,5
d
= +
(mm)
2
0 1
3
2
d (t 2,5)
t 11 2,5
k
= + (mm)
Trong :
l: Khong cch nm ngang gia cc ta ca sng dc mn (m).
S: Khong cch gia cc sng dc mn (m).
h: Khong cch thng ng t trung im ca S n im 0,12 L cao hn
tn gia y (m). Tuy nhin, nu h < 0,06 L (m) th ly h = 0,06L (m).
d
0
: Chiu cao tit din sng dc mn (m). Tuy nhin, trong tnh ton t
1
, chiu
cao l khot sn chui qua, nu c, s phi c tr i khi tit din
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

236
sng dc mn. Nu chiu cao tit din sng dc mn b phn chia bi cc
np nm th trong tnh ton t
2
, chiu cao b phn chia c ly lm d
0
.
k: H s c cho Bng 2A/7.1 ty thuc t s S
1
(m) trn d
0
, trong
S
1
(m) l khong cch gia cc np hoc m chng vn t trn bn
thnh ca sng dc mn. Vi cc tr s trung gian ca S
1
/d
0
th k c
xc nh theo php ni suy tuyn tnh.
Bng 2A/7.1 H s k
S
1
/ d
0
s 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,5 > 2,0
k 60,0 40,0 26,8 20,0 16,4 14,4 13,0 12,3 11,1 10,2

(b) Sng dc mn phi c gn m chng vn t cch nhau khong 3 mt. Nu
chiu rng bn mp ca sng dc mn mi bn ca bn thnh ln hn 180 mm
th m chng vn phi c bn mp. Np gia cng phi c t bn thnh
theo mi sn, tuy nhin, on gia nhp ca sng dc mn np gia cng c
th c t theo mi sn th hai.
(c) Nu sng dc mn c bi nhng thanh ging th kch thc ca thanh
ging phi khng nh hn cc tr s tnh theo cc cng thc sau y:
Din tch tit din:
Nu
0
l
k
> 0,6:
0
0,77Sbh
l
1 0,5
k
(cm
2
)
Nu
0
l
k
<0,6: 1,1Sbh (cm
2
)
Chiu dy bn thnh:
w
Sbh
t 16d
A
= (mm)
Trong :
S : Khong cch gia cc sng dc mn (m).
b : Chiu rng ca vng m thanh ging phi (m).
h : Khong cch thng ng t trung im ca b n im 0,12L cao hn
mt tn gia y (m). Tuy nhin, nu h < 0,06L (m) th ly h = 0,06L (m).
l : Chiu di ca thanh ging (m).
k
0
: Bn knh qun tnh ti thiu ca tit din thanh ging tnh theo cng thc
sau y:
k
o
=
I
A
(cm)
I : M men qun tnh ti thiu ca tit din thanh ging (cm
4
).
A : Din tch tit din thanh ging (cm
2
).
d
w
: Chiu cao tit din thanh ging (m). Tuy nhin, nu bn thnh ca thanh
ging c gn np nm ngang th khong cch ln nht gia cc np
c ly lm d
w
.
(d) Thanh ging phi c lin kt chc chn vi sng dc mn bng m hoc mt
bin php thch hp khc. ch t thanh ging sng dc mn phi c gn
m chng vn.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

237
(e) Nu chiu rng bn mp ca thanh ging mi bn ca bn thnh ln hn 150
mm th bn thnh ca thanh ging phi c gn np t theo khong cch thch
hp v c lin kt vi bn mp n.
7.2.3 H thng kt cu dc
1 Sng ngang dm dc mn phi tha mn cc yu cu t (1) n (4) sau y. Tuy
nhin, nu khng th thc hin c cc yu cu th kt cu phi c ng kim xem
xt c bit.
(1) Sng ngang mn hai bn mn tu phi c lin kt vi nhau bng nhng thanh
ging t theo nhng khong cch thng ng (h) khng ln hn tr s tnh theo cng
thc sau y:
h =0,0125L +2,5 (m)
(2) Kch thc ca sng ngang mn phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cc cng thc
sau y:
Chiu cao tit din bn thnh: 0,2l (m) hoc 0,5 + 0,0025L (m) hoc 2,5 chiu cao l
khot dm dc mn chui qua, ly tr s ln nht.
M un chng un ca tit din: 8Shl
2
(cm
3
)
Chiu dy bn thnh: t
1
hoc t
2
, ly tr s no ln hn.
1
0
Shl
t 0,042 2,5
d
= +
(mm)
2
0 1
3
2
d (t 2,5)
t 11 2,5
k
= + (mm)
Trong :
l : Khong cch thng ng gia cc ta ca sng ngang mn (m).
S : Khong cch gia cc sng dc mn (m).
h : Khong cch thng ng t trung im ca l n im 0,12 L cao hn
mt tn gia y (m). Tuy nhin, nu h < 0,06 L (m) th ly h = 0,06 L (m).
d
0 :
Chiu cao tit din sng ngang mn (m). Tuy nhin, trong tnh ton t
1
,
chiu cao l khot dm dc mn chui qua, nu c, s phi c tr i
khi tit din sng ngang mn. Nu bn thnh ca sng ngang mn c
gn cc np nm t theo phng ng, th trong tnh ton t
2
, khong
cch cc np c ly lm d
0
.
K : H s c cho Bng 2.A/7.1 ty thuc t s S
1
(m) trn d
0
, trong
S
1
(m) l khong cch cc m chng vn hoc cc np gn bn thnh
ca sng ngang mn. Vi cc tr s trung gian ca S
1
/d
0
th k c xc
nh theo php ni suy tuyn tnh.
(3) Sng ngang mn phi c lin kt chc chn vi sng ngang y. Nu sng ngang
mn c lin kt vi sng ngang y th kch thc bn thnh v bn mp on
nhp di cng phi sao cho m bo tnh lin tc ca bn ch chuyn tip t
sng ngang mn xung sng ngang y; tng din tch hiu qu ca bn thnh v bn
mp na nhp di cng phi khng nh hn din tch tit din yu cu ca bn
thnh ca sng ngang y.
(4) Sng ngang mn phi c gn cc m chng vn t cch nhau khong 3 mt. Nu
chiu rng bn mp ca sng ngang mn mi bn ca bn thnh ln hn 180 mm
th m chng vn phi c bn mp. Np gia cng phi c t bn thnh theo
mt phng ca mi dm dc mn. Tuy nhin, on gia nhp, tr nhp di cng,
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np gia cng c th t theo mt phng ca mi dm dc mn th hai.
2 Thanh ging quy nh -1(1) phi tha mn cc yu cu t (1) n (3). Tuy nhin, nu
khng tha mn c cc yu cu th kt cu phi c ng kim xem xt c bit.
(1) Kch thc ca cc thanh ging phi khng c nh hn cc tr s tnh theo cc
cng thc sau:
Din tch tit din:
Nu
0
l
k
> 0,6 :
0
0,77Sbh
l
1 0,5
k
(cm
2
)
Nu
0
l
k
<0,6 : 1,1Sbh (cm
2
)
Chiu dy bn thnh:
w
Sbh
16d
A
(mm)
Trong :
S : Khong cch gia cc sng ngang mn (m).
b : Chiu rng ca vng m thanh ging phi (m).
h : Khong cch thng ng t trung im ca b n im 0,1L (m) cao hn
mt tn gia y (m). Tuy nhin, nu h < 0,06L (m) th ly h = 0,06L (m).
k
0
: Bn knh qun tnh ti thiu ca tit din thanh ging tnh theo cng thc
sau y:
k
o
=
I
A
(cm)
I : M men qun tnh ti thiu ca tit din thanh ging (cm
4
).
2
).
d
w
: Chiu cao tit din thanh ging (m). Tuy nhin, nu bn thnh ca thanh
ging c gn np nm th khong cch ln nht gia cc np c ly
lm d
w
.
(2) Thanh ging phi c lin kt chc chn vi sng ngang mn bng m hoc mt
bin php thch hp khc. ch t thanh ging sng ngang mn phi c gn m
chng vn.
(3) Nu chiu rng bn mp ca thanh ging mi bn ca bn thnh ln hn 150 mm
th bn thnh ca thanh ging phi c gn np t theo khong cch thch hp v
c lin kt vi bn mp n.
3 Sng ngang y dm dc y phi c kt cu theo quy nh t (1) n (6) hoc phi
c kt cu c ng kim tha nhn l tng ng. Tuy nhin, trong trng hp m
tu c chiu chm mi khi chy trn sng, m un chng un v din tch tit din bn
thnh tng ng quy nh t (1) n (3) c th c gim 10%.
(1) Kch thc ca sng ngang y phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cc cng thc sau
y, v ng tm tu sng ngang y phi c bng nhng thanh chng, cc
sng ngang y k cn nhau phi c lin kt vi nhau bi sng dc tm c kch
thc nh sng ngang y hoc phi c bi mt sng dc tm c tit din rt
cao hoc bng vch dc.
Chiu cao tit din: 0,0055L +0,45 (m)
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M un chng un ca tit din: 1,2Sl
2
(cm
3
)
Chiu dy bn thnh: 0,6 L 4 + (mm)
Trong :
S : Khong cch gia cc sng ngang y (m).
l : Khong cch gia cc ta ca sng ngang y (m).
(2) Nu sng ngang y v sng dc tm c kch thc ln hn cc kch thc tnh theo
cc cng thc sau y th mc d nhng yu cu (1), thanh chng dc tm c th
c t mi sng ngang y th hai.
Sng dc tm:
Chiu cao tit din bn thnh: 0,008L +0,68 (m)
Chiu dy bn thnh: 0,65 L 4,5 + (mm)
M un chng un ca tit din: Tnh theo cng thc (1). Tuy nhin, trong
chiu rng chu ti trung bnh (m) ca sng dc tm phi c ly l S v khong
cch cc im ta c ly l l.
Sng ngang y:
Chiu cao tit din bn thnh: 0,0055L +0,45 (m)
M un chng un: Tnh theo cng thc (1)
(3) Nu kch thc ca sng ngang y ln hn cc tr s tnh theo cc cng thc sau
y th, mc d nhng yu cu (1), c th khng cn n cc thanh chng dc tm
hoc vch dc tm. Kch thc bn thnh ca sng dc tm phi khng nh hn cc
tr s yu cu (1) cho sng ngang y v cnh t do ca bn thnh phi c gia
cng thch ng.
Chiu cao tit din bn thnh: 0,008L+0,68 (m)
M un chng un: Tr s tnh theo cng thc (1)
(4) Nu chiu cao tit din bn thnh ca sng ngang y v sng dc tm ln hn tr s
yu cu (3) th chiu dy ca chng c th c gim so vi chiu dy quy nh
(3), mc d nhng yu cu (3) . Tuy nhin, trong mi trng hp chiu dy (t)
phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y:
t =0,55 L 3,5 + (mm)
(5) Nu chiu di ca sng ngang y o gia cc gi mn tu ln hn 0,045 L (m)
hoc nu khong cch gia cc sng ngang y ln hn 2,5 mt th kch thc ca
sng ngang y v sng dc tm quy nh t (1) n (4) phi c tng thch ng.
(6) Sng ngang y phi c gn m chng vn t cch nhau khong 3 mt. Nu chiu
rng bn mp ca sng ngang y mi bn ca tm thnh ln hn 180 mm th m
chng vn phi c bn mp v np phi c t bn thnh trong mt phng
ca mi dm dc y.
4 Thanh chng quy nh -3(1) v -3(2) phi khng km hiu qu so vi cc yu cu t
(1) n (3) sau y hoc tng ng nh vy.
(1) Kch thc thanh chng phi khng nh hn cc tr s tnh theo cc cng thc sau
y:
Din tch tit din:
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

240
Nu
0
l
k
> 0,6:
0
0,115SbL
l
1 0,5
k
(cm
2
)
Nu
0
l
k
<0,6: 0,164SbL (cm
2
)
Chiu dy bn thnh:
w
SbL
6,2d
A
(mm)
Trong :
S : Chiu di theo phng dc ca vng bi thanh chng (m).
b : Chiu rng ca vng bi thanh chng (m).
l : Chiu di thanh chng (m).
k
0
: Bn knh qun tnh ti thiu ca tit din thanh chng tnh theo cng thc
sau y (cm).
k
o
=
I
A

I : M men qun tnh ti thiu ca tit din thanh chng (cm
4
).
2
).
d
w
: Chiu rng bn thnh (m). Nu bn thnh c gn nhng np nm dc
theo chiu di ca thanh chng th khong cch ln nht gia cc np
c ly lm d
w
.
(2) Thanh chng phi ko ln n boong thp nht v phi c lin kt chc chn vi
thanh ging bng m.
(3) Nu chiu rng ca bn mp mi bn ca bn thnh ln hn 150 mm th bn thnh
phi c gn np v c b tr sao cho bn mp theo cc khong cch thch
hp.
5 Sng ph c kch thc thch hp phi c t theo ng tm ca sng ph pha sau
ca vch chng va to thm cng cho kt cu y phng.
7.2.4 Tu c bu mi khc thng
Kt cu on mi ca tu c mi qu l hoc c dng mi khc thng phi c ng
kim xem xt c bit.
7.3 Gia cng chng va pha sau vch ui
7.3.1 ngang y
Nhng yu cu 7.2.2-1 cng c p dng cho kch thc v b tr ca ngang y
khoang ui. ngang y phi c dng ln cao hn ng trc ui.
7.3.2 X ngang chng va v tm sng chng va
1 Kt cu di boong thp nht phi c gia cng chc chn bng nhng x ngang
chng va v tm sng chng va nh yu cu 7.2.2-2 i vi khoang mi.
2 Nu khong cch gia cc gi ta trn chiu di cung ca sn ln hn 2,5 mt th kch
thc ca sn phi c tng, hoc cc sng dc mn hoc cc thanh ging phi c
t b sung to cng cho kt cu mn.
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7.3.3 Bu ui
Bu ui phi c gia cng bng nhng c cu nh sn khe, sng dc mn nu
cn thit.
7.4 Gia cng chng va on t khoang mi n khoang ui
7.4.1 Gia cng chng va pha sau vch chng va
Kt cu mn phi sau vch chng va phi c gia cng thch ng gi c tnh
lin tc ca bn cng vi bn ca khoang mi.
7.4.2 Gia cng chng va pha trc vch ui
pha trc vch ui, nu chiu di t do ca sn l qu ln (so vi nhp sn
on gia tu) th phi t sng dc mn hoc phi tng kch thc ca sn nh kt
cu pha sau ca vch chng va.
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242
CHNG 8 X BOONG
8.1 Quy nh chung
8.1.1 cong ngang ca boong chu thi tit
gia tu cong ngang tiu chun ca boong chu thi tit bng B/50.
8.1.2 Lin kt mt x boong
1 X dc boong phi lin tc hoc phi c lin kt bng m cc mt sao cho pht huy
c din tch tit din v c bn chng un v bn chng ko.
2 X ngang boong phi c lin kt vi sn bng m.
3 X ngang boong t cc v tr khng c sn ni boong hoc sn thng tng phi
c lin kt vi tn mn bng m.
4 X ngang cc boong (boong xung, boong do, v.v...) c th c lin kt kiu vt tm
mp (clip) cc mt.
8.1.3 Vng m x dc boong chuyn sang x ngang boong
vng m x dc boong chuyn sang x ngang boong phi c bit thn trng m
bo s lin tc v bn.
8.2 Ti trng boong
8.2.1 Tr s ca h
1 Ti trng boong h (kN/m
2
) i vi nhng boong dng xp hng ha thng thng hoc
d tr phi theo cc quy nh t (1) n (3) sau y:
(1) Tr s tiu chun ca h (kN/m
2
) c ly bng chiu cao ca ni boong o ti mn ca
khoang hoc chiu cao t boong c xt n cnh trn ca thnh ming khoang
boong pha trn (m) cng nh chiu cao ca hng nhn vi 7. Tuy nhin, h c th
c tnh bng trng lng thit k cc i ca hng ha trn mt n v din tch
boong (kN/m
2
). Trong trng hp ny tr s ca h phi c xc nh bng cch xem
xt chiu cao xp hng.
(2) Nu hng g hoc/v cc loi hng khc c d nh xp boong chu thi tit th h
phi l trng lng thit k cc i ca hng ha trn mt n v din tch boong
(kN/m
2
) hoc l tr s quy nh -2, ly tr s no ln hn.
(3) Nu hng ha c treo vo x boong hoc nu my mc c t trn boong th h
phi c tng thch ng.
2 i vi boong chu thi tit, ti trng boong h (kN/m
2
) c quy nh t (1) n (4) sau
y:
(1) i vi boong mn kh, boong thng tng v boong lu trn boong mn kh, h
phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y:
h =a(bf y) (kN/m
2
)
Trong :
a v b: c cho Bng 2A/8.1 ty thuc v tr boong.
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243
C
b1
: H s bo, tuy nhin nu C
b
< 0,6 th ly C
b1
=0,6 ; C
b
> 0,8 th ly
C
b1
=0,8.
f: c cho theo cng thc sau y (xem Hnh 2A/8.1):
| |
= +
|
\ .
L 2
300
L L
f e 1,0
10 150
nu L < 150 (m)
=
L
300
L
f e
10
nu 150 s L <300 (m)
f =11,03 nu L > 300 (m)
Bng 2A/8.1 Tr s ca a v b
a
Dng V tr ca boong
X boong
(1)
Tn boong
Ct
Sng
boong
b
I
pha trc ca 0,15 L tnh t
mi tu
14,7 4,90 7,35
+
+
2
b1
0,338
1
(C 0,2)

II
T 0,15 L n 0,3 L tnh t mi
tu
11,8 3,90 5,90
+
+
2
b1
0,158
1
(C 0,2)

III
T 0,3 L tnh t mi tu n
0,2 L tnh t ui tu
6,90 2,25
2,25
(2)

3,45
(3)

1,0
IV
pha sau ca 0,2 L tnh t ui
tu
9,80 3,25 4,90
+
+
2
b1
0,123
1
(C 0,2)

Ch thch:
(1) Nu L s 150 mt th tr s ca a c th c nhn vi tr s tnh theo cng thc:
| |
+
|
\ .
L
0,55 0,175
100

(2) i vi sng dc boong ngoi ng ming khoang boong tnh ton trong on gia tu.
(3) i vi nhng trng hp khng phi l trng hp (2).

y: Khong cch thng ng t ng trng ti thit k cc i n boong chu thi
30 50 100 150 200 250 300 L (m)
f

11,0

10,0

9,0

8,0

7,0

6,0

5,0

4,0

3,0

2,0

1,0

| |
= +
|
\ .
L 2
300
L L
f e 1,0
10 150

L < 150 m
150 m s L < 300 m
L > 300 m
=
L
300
L
f e
10

= f 11,03
Hnh 2A/8.1 Tr s ca f

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

244
tit o mn (m) v y phi c o mi tu cho on boong pha trc ca
0,15 L tnh t mi tu, c o 0,15 L tnh t mi tu cho on boong t 0,3 L
n 0,15 L tnh t mi tu, c o sn gia cho on boong t 0,3 L tnh t
mi tu n 0,2 L tnh t ui tu v c o ui tu cho on boong pha
sau ca 0,2 L tnh t ui tu (xem Hnh 2A/8.2).
(2) i vi boong dng II Bng 2A/8.1 h khng cn ln hn h dng I.
(3) Khng ph thuc cc quy nh (1) v (2), h phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng
thc cho Bng 2A/8.2.
(4) Nu tu c mn kh qu ln th tr s h c th c gim thch ng.
3 vng kn ca boong thng tng v boong lu trong khng gian sinh hot v khng gian
hng hi, tng mt v tng hai trn boong mn kh, h phi bng 12,8.

Hnh 2A/8.2 V tr o y
Bng 2A/8.2 Tr s ti thiu ca h
C
Dng V tr ca boong h
(1)
X boong
(2)
,
Tn boong
Ct,
Sng boong
I v II Pha trc ca 0,3 L tnh t mi tu 4,20 1,37
III T 0,3 L tnh t mi tu n 0,2 L
tnh t ui tu
+ C L' 50
2,05 1,18
IV Pha sau ca 0,2 L tnh t ui tu 2,95 1,47
Boong thng tng tng 2 trn boong mn kh
C L'
1,95 0,69
Ch thch:
(1) L l chiu di tu (m), nhng khng cn ly ln hn 230 mt.
(2) Nu L s 150 mt th C c th c nhn vi tr s tnh theo cng thc:
| |
+
|
\ .
L
0,55 0,175
100

* Nu khng c thng tng
th y c o n boong trn
Mp boong

a b
c
LWL LWL
0,15L 0,2L
0,3L
ng vung
gc ui (AP)
Mp boong
y
*

y
*

y y
Mp boong

ng vung
gc mi (FP)
Sau A y c o AP
T A n B y c o
T B n C y c o C
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245
8.3 X dc boong
8.3.1 Khong cch
1 Khong cch chun (S) ca cc x dc boong c tnh theo cng thc sau y:
S =2L 550 + (mm)
2 Khong cch gia cc x dc boong khng nn ln hn 1 mt.
8.3.2 T s kch thc
1 X dc boong phi c bi cc sng ngang boong t theo khong cch thch
hp. boong tnh ton trong on gia tu, t s mnh ca x dc boong phi khng
ln hn 60. Tuy nhin, yu cu ny c th c thay i thch ng nu x dc boong
c bn n nh.
2 Thp dt dng lm x dc boong phi c t s chiu cao tit din/chiu dy khng ln hn 15.
8.3.3 M un chng un ca tit din x dc boong
1 M un chng un (Z) ca tit din x dc boong ngoi vng ng ming khoang ca
boong tnh ton trong on gia tu phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau
y:
Z =
2
1,14Shl (cm
3
)
Trong :
S : Khong cch gia cc x dc boong (m).
h : Ti trng boong quy nh 8.2 (kN/m
2
).
l : Khong cch nm ngang gia cc sng ngang boong hoc t sng ngang
boong n vch ngang (m).
2 H s trong cng thc -1 c th c gim dn i vi cc x dc boong ngoi ng
ming khoang ca boong tnh ton cc on trc v sau on gia tu. Tuy nhin, m
un chng un (Z) ca tit din phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y:
Z =
2
0,43Shl (cm
3
)
Trong :
S, h v l : Nh quy nh -1.
3 M un chng un ca tit din x dc boong nhng vng khng quy nh -1 v -2
phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo -2.
8.3.4 Sng ngang boong x dc boong
nhng tu mt boong sng ngang boong phi c t mt sn c ngang c
ca y i. nhng tu hai boong sng ngang boong phi c gng c t trong mt
sn c ngang c ca y i.
8.4 X ngang boong
8.4.1 V tr x ngang boong
X ngang boong phi c t trong mi mt sn.
8.4.2 T s kch thc
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246
T s chiu di trn chiu cao tit din ca x ngang boong nn bng hoc nh hn 30
nu l boong tnh ton v nn bng hoc nh hn 40 nu l boong chu lc (boong
di boong tnh ton c coi l c cu chu lc trong bn dc ca thn tu) v
boong thng tng.
8.4.3 M un chng un ca tit din x ngang boong
M un chng un (Z) ca tit din x ngang boong phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo
cng thc sau y:
Z =
2
0,43Shl (cm
3
)
Trong :
S : Khong cch gia cc x ngang boong (m).
2
).
l : Khong cch nm ngang t nh trong ca m x n sng dc boong hoc gia
cc sng dc boong (m).
8.5 X boong hm vch v cc ch khc
8.5.1 M un chng un ca tit din
M un chng un ca tit din x boong to thnh nc ca hm vch, hm trc v hm
hm trc phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc 11.2.8.
8.6 X boong nc kt su
8.6.1 M un chng un ca tit din
M un chng un ca tit din x dc boong to thnh nc kt su phi tha mn cc
yu cu ca chng ny v phi khng nh hn tr s tnh t cng thc 12.2.3 ly mt
x boong lm mt di ca h v coi x boong l np.
8.7 X boong chu ti trng c bit nng
8.7.1 Gia cng x boong
Nhng x boong chu ti trng c bit nng hoc nm cc mt thng tng hoc lu,
ch t ct cu, ti v my ph, v.v..., phi c gia cng thch ng bng cch tng
kch thc hoc t thm sng boong hoc ct.
8.8 Ming bung my qu di
8.8.1 Gia cng boong
Nu ming bung my qu di th phi gia cng boong mt cch thch ng bng cch
t nhng thanh ging cao ca mi boong hoc bng cc bin php tng ng
khc.
8.9 X ca boong ch xe c bnh
8.9.1 M un chng un ca tit din x boong
M un chng un ca tit din x boong ch xe c bnh phi c xc nh cn c vo
ti trng tp trung t xe c bnh.
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247
8.9.2 Chi tit kt cu
Loi np v phng php lin kt hn ca cc np vi boong ch xe phi c xc nh
c tnh n p lc ca ti trng ng do s di chuyn ca xe gy ra.
8.10 X ca boong ch cc hng khc thng
8.10.1 M un chng un tit din ca x
M un chng un tit din ca x boong chu ti trng do xp hng khng phn b u
phi c tnh ton xt n phn b ti trng ring i vi mi loi hng ho.

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248
CHNG 9 CT CHNG
9.1 Quy nh chung
9.1.1 Ct ni boong
Ct ni boong phi c t trc tip ln ct di boong hoc phi c bin php hu hiu
truyn ti trng xung cc di.
9.1.2 Ct trong khoang
Ct trong khoang phi c t ln cc sng ca y n hoc y i hoc phi c gng
gn . Kt cu trn ct v di ct phi c bn phn b ti trng mt cch
c hiu qu.
9.1.3 Lin kt mt ct
nh v chn ct phi c gn bng tm kp dy v bng m. Nu ct c th chu ti
trng ko, th d nh ct di hm vch, nc hm hoc nc kt su th nh v chn ct
phi c lin kt hu hiu chu c ti trng ko.
9.1.4 Gia cng cc kt cu lin kt vi ct
Nu ct c lin kt vi tn boong, vi nc hm trc hoc vi sn th cc kt cu
phi c gia cng thch ng.
9.2 Kch thc
9.2.1 Din tch tit din ct
Din tch tit din ct (A) phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y:
A =
0
0,233w
l
2,72
k
(cm
2
)
Trong :
l : Khong cch t mt y trn, t boong hoc t kt cu m ct ta n cnh
di ca x boong hoc sng boong m ct phi (m) (Xem Hnh 2A/9.1).
k
0
: Bn knh qun tnh ti thiu ca tit din ct (cm).
w : Ti trng boong m ct quy nh 9.2.2 (kN).
9.2.2 Ti trng boong m ct
1 Ti trng boong m ct (w) phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y:
w =
0
kw Sbh + (kN)
Trong :
S : Khong cch gia cc trung im ca hai nhp k nhau ca sng boong
bi ct hoc np vch hoc sng vch (m) (Xem Hnh 2A/9.1).
b : Khong cch trung bnh gia trung im ca hai nhp k nhau ca x boong
m ct hay sn phi (m) (Xem Hnh 2A/9.1).
h : Ti trng boong quy nh 8.2 cho boong m ct phi (kN/m
2
).
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w
0
: Ti trng boong m chic ct ni boong trn phi (kN).
k : H s tnh theo cng thc sau y:
k =
3 2
i i
j j
a a
2 3 1
l l
| | | |
+ | |
| |
\ . \ .

a
i
: Khong cch nm ngang t cc ct n cc ct ni boong pha trn (m).
l
j
: Nhp ca sng ct ni boong hoc vch (xem Hnh 2A/9.1)

Hnh 2A/9.1 o S, b, l,...
2 Nu c hai hoc nhiu ct ni boong t trn sng boong bi dy ct di th chic ct
di phi c kch thc theo quy nh -1, ly kw
0
ca mi chic ct ni boong t ln hai
nhp k nhau bi ct di.
3 Nu cc ct ni boong b dch chuyn theo phng ngang tu ra khi cc ct di th kch
thc ca ct phi c xc nh theo nguyn tc quy nh -1 v -2.
4 Khi boong cha hng m ti trng c coi l phn b u, th ti trng boong do ct
phi c xc nh c xt n phn b ti trng ca ring tng loi hng. Khi ti trng
hng ho c th c xem l ti trng tp trung tc dng ln cc im c bit th cc quy
nh -1 v -2 trn c th c p dng cc ti trng tp trung ny c xem l ti
trng ca boong do ct ni boong pha trn (w
0
).
9.2.3 Chiu dy ct
1 Chiu dy (t) ca ct ng phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y:
t =
p
0,022d 4,6 + (mm)
Trong :
d
p
: ng knh ngoi ca ct ng (mm).
Tuy nhin, yu cu ny c th c thay i thch hp i vi cc ct t trong khu vc
sinh hot.
b
a
1
a
2

l
2
l
1

S
V
c
h

l

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250
2 Chiu dy bn thnh v bn mp ca ct ghp phi chng mt n nh cc b.
9.2.4 ng knh ngoi ca ct trn
ng knh ngoi ca ct trn c v ca ct ng phi khng nh hn 50 mm.
9.2.5 Ct t trong kt su
1 Ct t trong kt su phi khng c l ct ng.
2 Din tch tit din ct (A) phi khng c nh hn tr s quy nh 9.2.1 hoc tr s tnh
theo cng thc sau y, ly tr s no ln hn.
A =1,09Sbh (cm
2
)
Trong :
S v b : Nh c quy nh 9.2.2.
h : 0,7 ln khong cch thng ng t nc kt su n im 2 mt cao hn
ming ng trn (m).
9.3 Vch b tr thay th ct chng
9.3.1 Kt cu
Vch ngang sng dc boong v vch dc b tr thay th ct chng phi c gia
cng sao cho to c ta khng km hiu qu so vi ta to bi ct chng.
9.4 Vch quy b tr thay th ct
9.4.1 Kt cu
Vch quy b tr thay th ct phi c kch thc chu c ti trng boong v p
sut ngang.
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CHNG 10 SNG BOONG
10.1 Quy nh chung
10.1.1 Phm vi p dng
Sng ngang boong x dc boong v sng dc boong x ngang boong phi tha
mn cc yu cu ca Chng ny.
10.1.2 V tr
Trong vng hm vch v nc kt sng boong phi c gng c t cch nhau khng xa
qu 4,6 mt.
10.1.3 Kt cu
1 Sng boong phi c bn mp c t dc theo cnh di ca bn thnh.
2 M chng vn phi c t cch nhau khong 3 mt v nu chiu rng ca bn mp
mi bn ca bn thnh ln hn 180 mi-li-mt th cc m phi c bn mp.
3 Chiu dy bn mp (t) ca sng boong phi khng nh hn chiu dy ca bn thnh.
Chiu rng ca bn mp phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y:
t =
0
85,4 d l (mm)
Trong :
d
0
: Chiu cao tit din bn thnh (m).
l : Chiu di nhp ca sng quy nh 10.2.1-1.
4 Chiu cao tit din sng phi ln hn 2,5 chiu cao ca l khot x boong xuyn qua.
Vi sng dc th chiu cao tit din phi c gi khng i trn on gia hai vch k
cn nhau.
5 Sng phi c cng chng bin dng qu mc ca boong v ng sut b sung
qu ln x boong.
10.1.4 Lin kt mt
1 Lin kt mt ca sng boong phi tha mn cc yu cu 1.1.14.
2 Np vch v sng vch di cc mt ca sng boong phi c gia cng thch ng
sng boong.
3 Sng dc boong phi lin tc hoc phi c lin kt chc chn m bo s lin tc
cc mt.
10.2 Sng dc boong
10.2.1 M un chng un ca tit din sng dc boong
1 M un chng un (Z) ca tit din sng dc boong ngoi ng ming khoang ca
boong tnh ton on gia tu phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y:
Z =1,29l(lbh +kw) (cm
3
)
Trong :
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252
l : Khong cch gia cc ng tm ct hoc t ng tm ct n vch (m). Nu
sng boong c c nh chc chn vi vch bng m th l c th c thay i
theo 1.1.16 (xem Hnh 2A/10.1).
b : Khong cch gia cc trung im ca hai nhp k nhau ca x c bi
sng hoc sn (m) (xem Hnh 2A/10.1).
h : Ti trng boong quy nh 8.2 cho boong c (kN/m
2
).
w : Ti trng boong c bi ct ni boong nh quy nh 9.2.2 (kN).
k : Nh quy nh (a) v (b) sau y:
(a) H s tnh theo cng thc sau y ty thuc t s gia khong cch nm
ngang t ct hoc vch sng boong n ct ni boong a (m) v l (xem
Hnh 2A/10.1).
k =
2
a a
12 1
l l
| |
|
\ .

(b) Nu ch c mt ct ni boong th k c tnh ton da trn tr s ca a o t
ct hoc vch gn nht. Nu c hai hoc nhiu ct ni boong th a phi
c o t cng mt mt ca l cho mi ct ni boong v tng ca kw s
c dng tnh ton theo cng thc. Trong trng hp ny s dng tr
s ln hn ca kw.

Hnh 2A/10.1 o l, b v a
2 H s trong cng thc -1 c th c gim dn i vi nhng sng dc boong ngoi
ng ming khoang ca boong tnh ton cc on trc v sau on gia tu. Tuy
nhin, trong mi trng hp m un chng un (Z) ca tit din phi khng nh hn tr s
Z = ( ) 0,484l lbh kw + (cm
3
)
Trong :
l, b, h, w v k : Nh c quy nh -1.
3 M un chng un ca tit din sng dc boong nhng vng khng c quy nh -1
b
b
a
l
(Xem 1.1.16)
V
c
h

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253
v -2 phi khng c nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc -2.
4 M un chng un tit din ca sng boong xp hng m ti trng khng th c coi l
phn b u phi c xc nh c xt n phn b ti trng ca tng loi hng. Khi ti
trng hng ho c th c xem l ti trng tp trung tc dng ln cc im c bit th
cc quy nh -1 v -3 trn c th c p dng cc ti trng tp trung ny c xem
l ti trng ca boong do ct ni boong pha trn (w).
10.2.2 M men qun tnh ca tit din sng dc boong
M men qun tnh (I) ca tit din sng dc boong khng nn nh hn tr s tnh theo cng
thc sau y:
I =CZ l (cm
4
)
Trong :
1,6 : i vi sng boong ngoi ng ming khoang ca boong tnh ton
on gia tu.
4,2 : i vi cc sng boong khc.
Z : M un chng un yu cu ca tit din sng dc boong quy nh 10.2.1 (cm
3
).
l : Nh quy nh 10.2.1-1.
10.2.3 Chiu dy bn thnh
1 Chiu dy bn thnh (t) phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y:
t =
1
10S 2,5 + (mm)
Trong :
S
1
: Khong cch gia cc np gia cng bn thnh hoc chiu cao tit din bn
thnh ly tr s no nh hn (m).
2 hai on mt di 0,2l, chiu dy bn thnh (t) phi khng nh hn tr s quy nh -1
v tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y, ly tr s no ln hn:
t =
0
4,43 bhl
2,5
1000 d
+ (mm)
Trong :
d
0
b, h, l : Nh quy nh 10.2.1-1.
3 Trong cc kt su chiu dy bn thnh phi ln hn cc tr s tnh theo cc cng thc -
1 v -2 l 1 mm.
10.3 Sng ngang boong
10.3.1 M un chng un ca tit din sng ngang boong
1 M un chng un (Z) tit din ca sng ngang boong phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo
cng thc sau y:
Z =0,484 l(lbh +kw) (cm
3
)
Trong :
l : Khong cch gia cc ng tm ct hoc t ng tm ct n nh
trong ca m x (m).
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254
b : Khong cch gia tm ca hai sng ngang ln cn nhau hoc t tm ca
sng ngang n vch (m).
h : Nh quy nh 10.2.1.
w v k : Nh quy nh 10.2.1.
2 M un chng un tit din ca sng ngang boong cha hng m ti trng khng th
c coi l phn b u phi c xc nh c xt n phn b ti trng ca mi loi
hng. Khi ti trng hng ho c th c xem l ti trng tp trung tc dng ln cc im
c bit th cc quy nh -1 trn c th c p dng cc ti trng tp trung ny c
xem l ti trng ca boong do ct ni boong pha trn (w).
10.3.2 M men qun tnh ca tit din sng ngang boong
M men qun tnh (I) ca tit din sng ngang boong khng nn nh hn tr s tnh theo
cng thc sau y:
I =4,2Z l (cm
4
)
Trong :
Z : M un chng un yu cu ca tit din sng quy nh 10.3.1 (cm
3
).
l : Nh quy nh 10.3.1.
Chiu dy ca bn thnh phi tha mn cc yu cu 10.2.3.
10.4 Sng boong trong cc kt
10.4.1 M un chng un ca tit din sng boong
M un chng un ca tit din sng boong trong cc kt phi tha mn cc yu cu
10.2.1 hoc 10.3.1 v cc yu cu 12.2.5-1.
10.4.2 M men qun tnh ca tit din sng boong
M men qun tnh ca tit din sng boong phi tha mn cc yu cu 12.2.5-2.
Chiu dy bn thnh phi tha mn cc yu cu 10.2.3 hoc 10.3.3 v cc yu cu
12.2.5-3.
10.5 Sng dc ming khoang
10.5.1 Sng dc c thnh cao trn boong
Nu thnh cao ca ming khoang c t trn boong nh trng hp ming khoang
boong chu thi tit, th np nm ca thnh ming v thnh ming tnh ln n np c
th c a vo tnh ton m un chng un tit din, v c ng kim ph duyt.
10.5.2 S lin tc ca bn gc ming khoang
gc ming khoang cc bn mp ca thnh dc ming khoang v ca sng dc boong
hoc ca cc on ko di ca chng v cc bn mp c hai bn ca x ngang u
ming khoang phi c lin kt chc chn vi nhau m bo s lin tc ca bn.
10.6 X ngang u ming khoang
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10.6.1 Kch thc ca x ngang u ming khoang
Kch thc ca x ngang u ming khoang phi tha mn cc yu cu 10.3, 10.4 v 10.5.
10.7 Sng boong ch xe di chuyn
10.7.1 Quy nh chung
Sng boong ca boong t di chuyn hoc cc kt cu tng t phi tho mn cc quy
nh ca mc ny b sung cho 10.1.3.
10.7.2 Yu cu v bn
1 Kch thc ca sng boong ch t di chuyn phi c xc nh ph hp vi cc quy
nh t -2 n -4 di y.
2 Chiu rng mp km ca tm mp chu nn i vi mi sng phi c xc nh theo (1)
v (2) di y ph thuc vo hng gia cng ca tm.
(1) Chiu rng mp km ( )
eft
b i vi sng t song song vi hng np gia cng:
Tr s quy nh 1.1.13-3.
(2) Chiu rng mp km ( )
eft
b i vi sng t vung gc vi hng np gia cng:
et
eft
n
C a
b
2
| |
=
|
\ .
(mm)
Trong :
C
et:
H s tnh theo cng thc sau y, tuy nhin nu C
et
vt qu 1,0 th ly C
et

bng 1,0.
et 2 2
3 1,75 b 0,075 0,75 b
C 1
a a
| | | || |
= + +
| | |
| | | |
\ . \ . \ .

n: Bng 1 i vi cc sng t ngoi vi ca boong ch xe v bng 2 i vi
cc v tr khc.
a: Khong cch ca cc sng t vung gc vi hng gia cng (mm).
b: Khong cch ca cc np (mm).
| : H s tnh theo cng thc sau:
F
b
t E
o
| =
t: Chiu dy ca tn boong ch xe (mm).
F
o : Gii hn chy hoc ng sut th ca vt liu boong ch xe (N/mm
2
).
E: M un n hi ca vt liu, i vi thp: E = 2,06x10
5
.
Trong trng hp np chng cong vnh i vi tm boong c t thch hp, th cc np
ny c th c a vo xc nh chiu rng mp km. Tuy nhin, khng c ly ln
hn tr s quy nh 1.1.13-3.
3 Ti trng thit k v ng sut cho php phi tho mn cc yu cu (1) v (2) sau y:
(1) Ti trng thit k P (kN/m
2
):
(a) i vi trng thi ti trng c xe trn boong ch xe:
P =1,5 (p +w
deck
)
Trong :
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256
p : Ti trng thit k trn boong ch xe (kN/m
2
).
w
deck
: Trng lng ca xe khng ti trn boong ch xe trn n v din tch,
(kN/m
2
).
(b) i vi cc xe c dng ch lm hng (xe nng hoc cc xe tng t ch
dng lm hng cng):
P =1,5 (p+w
deck
)
P v w
deck:
Nh quy nh (a) trn.
(2) ng sut cho php
ng sut cho php (N/mm
2
) cho Bng 2A/10.1.
Bng 2A/10.1 Tr s ng sut cho php
ng sut un
F
0,80 o
ng sut ct
F
0,46 o
Ch thch:
F
o : Gii hn chy hoc ng sut th ca vt liu (N/mm
2
).
4 Trong trng hp kch thc ca cc sng c xc nh trn c s tnh ton trc tip,
phng php tnh phi l phng php thng dng hoc phi c ng kim chp
nhn.
10.7.3 Cc chi tit kt cu
1 Mi hn gc lin kt tm thnh sng vi boong ch xe phi ph hp vi Bng 2A/10.2.
2 Chiu dy ca tm thnh khng c nh hn tr s xc nh theo cng thc di y, tr
khi bn n nh ca tm thnh c kim tra.
d
t 1,0
C
= + (mm)
Trong :
d : Chiu cao tit din sng, mm.
C : H s ly nh sau:
C = 65 i vi cc sng c mp gn i xng.
C = 55 i vi cc sng c mp gn khng i xng.
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Bng 2A/10.2 Mi hn gc ca sng vi boong ch xe di chuyn
1

Cc tm xe thng
xuyn di chuyn
2

Cc tm khc
(1) Cc sng tm boong ngoi bin.
(2) Trong phm vi 0,3 l gia nhp ca
sng khc vi sng (1)
3

(3) Trong phm vi 0,1 l phn mt ca
sng khc vi sng (1)
3
(4) Phm vi 0,2 l giao tuyn ca cc
sng khc vi sng (1)
4

F2 (hai pha)
(5) Sng khc vi cc sng nu trn
F2 (hai pha)
Ti thiu F2 (mt pha)
Ch thch:
1 F2 trong bng ny nh nu Bng 2A/1.4.
2 Cc tm boong chu ti trng ng trong vng ln cn cu dc v trn ng xe di
chuyn gia cc boong.
3 l l tng chiu di ca mi sng.
4 l l nhp ca mi sng v 0,1 l mi bn ca giao tuyn ca cc sng phi c hn.

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CHNG 11 VCH KN NC
11.1 B tr vch kn nc
11.1.1 Vch chng va
1 Tt c cc tu phi c vch chng va v tr khng gn hn 0,05 L
f
hoc 10 m, ly gi tr
nh hn, nhng khng ln hn 0,08 L
f
hoc 0,05 L
f
+3,0 (m), ly gi tr ln hn, tr khi
c ng kim chp nhn v mt l do c bit v kt cu, t mt trc ca chiu di
tnh mn kh. Tuy nhin, nu c phn no ca tu nm pha di ng nc 85%
chiu cao mn thit k nh nht vn qu v pha trc ca mt trc ca chiu di tnh
mn kh th khong cch nu trn c th c o t im cho tr s nh nht trong cc
im sau.
(a) Trung im ca on vn
(b) Cch 0,015 L
f
v pha trc ca im mt trc nu trn
(c) Cch 3 m v pha trc ca im mt trc nu trn
2 Vch c th c bc hoc hm trong phm vi nu -1 trn.
3 Khng c c bt c li i, ca i, l chui hoc knh thng gi,... no khot trn vch
chng va phn pha di boong mn kh. Nu vch chng va dng ln n boong pha
trn boong mn kh ph hp vi yu cu 11.1.5(2) th s lng l khot trn phn dng
ln ca vch chng va phi c gi mc cn thit ti thiu v tt c cc l khot ny
phi c phng tin ng kn nc.
4 V tr ca vch chng va trn tu c ca mi phi tho mn yu cu ca ng kim. Tuy
nhin, nu cu xe nghing to thnh mt phn ca vch chng va pha trn ca vch
ny th phn cu xe cao 2,3 m pha trn boong vch c th nh v pha trc theo
gii hn quy nh -1 trn. Trong trng hp ny, cu xe phi kn thi tit trn ton b
chiu di. Tuy nhin, cu xe khng tho mn yu cu trn phi khng c xem l phn
tip tc ca vch chng va.
11.1.2 Vch ui
1 Tu phi c vch ui t v tr thch hp.
2 ng bao trc ui phi nm trong khoang kn nc to bi vch ui hoc mt kt cu
thch hp khc.
11.1.3 Vch bung my
hai u bung my phi t vch kn nc.
11.1.4 Vch khoang
1 Thm vo cc quy nh t 11.1.1 n 11.1.3, nhng tu hng kiu thng thng phi
c cc vch khoang t theo khong cch thch hp sao cho tng s vch kn nc phi
khng nh hn tr s cho Bng 2A/11.1.

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Bng 2A/11.1 S lng vch kn nc
L (m) Tng s vch kn nc
90 s L < 102

5

102 s L < 123 6
123 s L < 143 7
143 s L < 165 8
165 s L < 186 9
186 s L ng kim quy nh trong tng trng hp

2 Nu do yu cu khai thc ca tu m khng th chp nhn c s lng vch khoang
nh yu cu trn th phi c mt gii php khc c ng kim chp nhn.
11.1.5 Chiu cao ca vch kn nc
Cc vch kn nc quy nh t 11.1.1 n 11.1.4 phi c ko ln n boong mn kh
tr nhng ngoi l sau y:
(1) vng boong nng ui hoc boong nng mi vch kn nc phi c ko ln n
cc boong .
(2) Nu thng tng mi c ming khot khng c thit b ng kn v dn vo khng
gian di boong mn kh, hoc nu c thng tng mi chy di th vch chng va
phi i ln n boong thng tng v phi kn nc. Tuy nhin, nu phn vch ko
thm l trong cc vng quy nh 11.1.1 v phn boong to thnh bc l kt cu
kn nc hu hiu th phn ko thm ca vch khng cn thit phi c t trc tip
trn vch chng va.
(3) Vch ui c th c kt thc boong pha trn ca ng trng ti thit k cc i
vi iu kin l boong phi kn nc n ui tu.
11.1.6 bn ngang ca thn tu
1 Nu nhng vch kn nc yu cu t 11.1.1 n 11.1.5 khng i ln ti boong tnh ton
th ngay trn hoc gn trn vch kn nc chnh phi t nhng c cu khe hoc
nhng on vch m bo bn ngang v cng ngang ca thn tu.
2 Nu chiu di ca khoang ln hn 30 mt th phi c bin php thch hp m bo
bn ngang v cng ngang ca thn tu.
11.2 Kt cu ca vch kn nc
11.2.1 Chiu dy tn vch
Chiu dy tn vch (t) phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y:
t =3,2S h 2,5 + (mm)
Trong :
S : Khong cch gia cc np (m).
h : Khong cch thng ng o t cnh di ca tm tn vch n boong vch
ng tm tu (m). Khong cch ny phi khng nh hn 3,4 mt.
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260
11.2.2 Tng chiu dy tn vch nhng ch c bit
1 Chiu dy di di cng ca tn vch t nht phi ln hn 1 mm so vi chiu dy tnh
ton t cng thc 11.2.1.
2 on c y i, di di cng ca tn vch t nht phi ln n 610 mm cao hn mt
tn y trn. on c y n, di di cng ca tn vch t nht phi ln n 915 mm
cao hn mt tn gia y. Nu y i ch c mt bn ca vch th di di cng phi
ln n chiu cao no cao hn trong cc chiu cao quy nh trn.
3 Tn vch rnh tiu nc t nht phi dy hn 2,5 mm so vi chiu dy quy nh
11.2.1.
4 vng l khot t ng bao trc chn vt hoc trc chn vt, tn vch phi l tm kp hoc
phi c tng chiu dy, mc d nhng yu cu 11.2.1.
11.2.3 Np
M un chng un (Z) ca tit din np vch phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng
thc sau y:
Z =
2
2,8CShl (cm
3
)
Trong :
l : Chiu di nhp np o gia cc ln cn ca np k c chiu di ca lin kt
(m). Nu c sng vch th l l khong cch t chn ca lin kt mt n sng
th nht hoc l khong cch gia cc sng vch.
S : Khong cch cc np (m).
h : Khong cch thng ng t trung im ca l, nu l np ng, v t trung im
ca S vi np nm, n nh ca boong vch o ng tm tu (m).
Nu khong cch thng ng nh hn 6,0 mt th h c ly bng 1,2 mt
cng vi 0,8 ca khong cch thng ng thc.
C : H s cho Bng 2A/11.2 ty thuc kiu ca cc lin kt mt np.
11.2.4 Vch sng
1 Chiu dy tn vch sng (t) phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y:
1
t 3,4CS h 2,5 = + (mm)
Trong :
h : Nh quy nh 11.2.1.
S
1
: Chiu rng a ca tm mt hoc chiu rng b ca tm nghing (Xem Hnh
2A/11.2).
C =
2
w
f
1,5
t
1
t
| |
+
|
\ .
: i vi tm mt
C =1,0 : i vi tm nghing
t
f
v t
w
: Tng ng l chiu dy ca tm mt v tm nghing (mm).
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261
Bng 2A/11.2 Tr s ca C (Np l thp cn hoc thp ghp)
Np ng
Mt trn
Lin kt Mt di
Lin kt hn ta hoc
bng sng nm
Kiu A Kiu B
Mt np khng
lin kt
Lin kt hn ta hoc
bi sng nm
1,00 1,00 1,35 1,35
Lin kt bng m 0,80 0,80 0,90 1,00
Ch c bn thnh ca np
c lin kt mt
1,15 1,15 1,35 1,60
Mt np khng lin kt 1,35 1,35 1,60 2,00
Np nm
Mt mt
Mt kia
Lin kt hn ta, lin kt bng
m hoc bi sng ng
Mt np khng lin kt
Lin kt hn ta, lin kt
bng m hoc bi sng
ng
1,00 1,35
Mt np khng lin kt 1,35 2,00
Ch thch:
(1) Lin kt hn ta l lin kt m c bn thnh v bn mp ca np c hn chc chn
vo tn boong, tn vch hoc tn y trn, cc tm tn c gia cng bng c cu
ta t mt i din.
(2) Lin kt kiu A ca np ng l lin kt bng m vi c cu dc hoc vi c cu k
cng mt phng vi np, c cng tit din hoc tit din ln hn (Xem Hnh 2A/11.1 (a)).
(3) Lin kt kiu B ca np ng l lin kt bng m vi c cu ngang nh x boong hoc
mt lin kt khc tng ng vi lin kt ni trn (Xem Hnh 2A/11.1 (b)).

Hnh 2A/11.1 Cc kiu lin kt mt

(a) (b)
Ch c bn thnh ca
np c lin kt
l

l

l

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

262

Hnh 2A/11.2 o S

Hnh 2A/11.3 o l
2 M un chng un (Z) ca tit din na bc sng ca vch sng phi khng nh hn tr
s tnh theo cng thc sau y:
Z =
2
3,6CShl (cm
3
)
Trong :
S : Chiu di ca na bc sng (m) (Xem Hnh 2A/11.2).
h : Nh quy nh 11.2.3.
l : Chiu di gia cc gi ta (m) nh m t Hnh 2A/11.3.
C : H s c cho Bng 2A/11.3 ty thuc kiu lin kt mt.
3 Nu lin kt mt ca vch sng c bit c hiu qu th tr s ca C quy nh -2 c th
c gim thch hp.
4 Chiu dy ca tn vch (t) vng 0,2l hai u ca chiu di l phi khng nh hn tr s
tng ng tnh theo cng thc sau y:
Tm nghing
0
CShl
t 0,0417 2,5
d
= + (mm)
Chiu dy tm nghing phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y:
t =
2
3
0
CShlb
1,74 2,5
d
+ (mm)
Tm mt tr vng cnh trn ca vch c gn ng:
t =12a 2,5 + (mm)
Trong :
S, h, l v d
0
: Nh quy nh -2.
a v b : Tng ng l chiu rng ca tm mt v tm nghing (m).
C : H s c cho Bng 2A/11.4. Nu vch c sng ng kt cu vi
mt nhp th tr s C c ly bng tr s i vi nhp trn cng ghi
Bng ny.
t
f

t
w

S
d
0

a
b
S
1
=a hoc b
S =na bc sng
B
d
0

l
H

d
H

Sng
Boong
e =0,5A hoc 0,5B
ly tr s no nh hn
l

l

e

A

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263
Bng 2A/11.3 Tr s ca C (i vi vch sng)
Mt cnh ca vch
Cnh kia ca vch
c bi
sng nm hoc
sng ng
Cnh trn c
hn trc tip vi
boong
Cnh trn c
hn vo vch
lin kt chc
chn vi c cu
thn tu
(1) c bi sng nm hoc
sng ng hoc cnh di ca
vch c hn trc tip vi
boong hoc y trn

(2) Cnh i ca vch c hn
vo vch lin kt chc chn
vi kt cu thn tu

C phi khng nh hn tr s cho dng (1)
Ch thch:
Z
0
: M un chng un ti thiu ca tit din mt na bc sng 0,6 l gia chiu di ca
gn sng (cm
3
).
Z
1
v Z
2
: M un chng un ca tit din mt na bc sng cc on mt ca chiu di
ca gn (cm
3
).
Trong trng hp vch c sng ng th Z
1
l m un chng un ca tit din mt
trn v Z
2
l m un chng un ca tit din mt di. Khi chiu dy tn c tng
theo quy nh -5 th m un chng un ca tit din phi c tnh vi chiu dy
cha c tng.
l
H
: Chiu cao ca vch tnh t mt y trn (m).
d
H
: Chiu rng ca vch mt y trn (m).
d
0
: Chiu cao ca tit din gn sng (m).
Bng 2A/11.4 Tri s ca C
V tr Cnh trn Cnh di
Nhp trn cng 0,4 1,6
Vch c sng
ng
Cc nhp khc 0,9 1,1
C hai cnh ca vch c sng nm 1,0

5 Chiu dy ca tn vch quy nh -1 v -4 phi tha mn cc yu cu 11.2.2.
6 M un chng un (Z) ca tit din mt na bc sng ca vch c tnh theo cng
thc:
Z =
f 0 w 0
at d bt d
0,002 0,006
+ (cm
3
)
Trong :
a v b : Tng ng l chiu rng ca tm mt v tm nghing (m).
t
f
v t
w
: Tng ng l chiu dy ca tm mt v tm nghing (mm).
d
0
: Chiu cao ca tit din gn sng (m).
0
2
0
1
2
4
Z
Z
Z
Z
+ +

2
0
4
Z
2,2
Z
+

2
0
4
Z
2,6
Z
+

2 H
1 H
0 0
l
4,8(1 )
l
Z d
2
Z d
+
+ +

2 H
H
0
l
4,8(1 )
l
d
2,2
d
+
+

2 H
H
0
l
4,8(1 )
l
d
2,6
d
+
+

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11.2.5 Vch chng va
i vi vch chng va, chiu dy tn v m un chng un ca tit din np phi khng
nh hn tr s quy nh 11.2.1 v 11.2.3 hoc 11.2.4 ly h bng 1,25 chiu cao h quy
nh .
11.2.6 Sng vch np vch
1 M un chng un (Z) ca tit din sng phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc:
Z =
2
4,75Shl (cm
3
)
Trong :
S : Chiu rng ca vng m sng phi (m).
h : Khong cch thng ng o t trung im ca l ca sng ng hoc o t
trung im ca S ca sng nm n nh boong vch ng tm tu (m).
Nu khong cch thng ng nh hn 6,0 mt th h c ly bng 1,2 mt
cng 0,8 khong cch thng ng thc.
l : Chiu di nhp o gia cc gi ta ln cn ca sng (m).
Nhp l c th c thay i theo quy nh 1.1.16. Nu m lin kt c cnh t
do cong ln th kch thc hu hiu ca m c ly bng b nh c cho
Hnh 2A/11.4.

Hnh 2A/11.4 o b
2 M men qun tnh (I) ca tit din sng phi khng c nh hn tr s tnh theo cng
thc sau y. Chiu cao tit din sng phi khng nh hn 2,5 chiu cao l khot np
xuyn qua.
I =
4
10hl (cm
4
)
Trong :
h v l : Nh quy nh -1.
3 Chiu dy bn thnh (t) phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y:
t =
1
10S 2,5 + (mm)
Trong :
S
1
: Khong cch gia cc np gia cng bn thnh hoc chiu cao tit din sng,
ly tr s no nh hn (m).
4 Chiu dy bn thnh (t) mi on mt di 0,2 l phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cc
cng thc sau y ly tr s no ln hn:
Sng
b
45
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265
t =
0
CShl
0,0417 2,5
d
+ (mm)
t =
2
1
3
0
CShlS
1,74 2,5
d
+ (mm)
Trong :
d
0
: Chiu cao tit din sng (m).
S
1
: Nh quy nh -3.
C : Nh quy nh 11.2.4-4.
5 M chng vn phi c t cch nhau khong 3 mt. Nu chiu rng ca bn mp mi
bn ca bn thnh ca sng ln hn 180 mm th m chng vn phi c bn mp.
6 M un chng un v m men qun tnh ca tit din sng phi c tnh ton ph hp
vi quy nh mc 1.1.13-3. Khi c nhng np c t trong phm vi ca mp km th
chng c th c a vo tnh ton.
11.2.7 Gia cng tn vch, tn boong v cc tm khc
Nu thy cn thit th tn vch, tn boong, tn y trn,... phi c gia cng vng m
mt np v m mt sng.
11.2.8 Hm vch
1 Trong vng hm vch, x boong phi c t mi mt sn v di vch trn theo
yu cu 8.4.3 v 11.2.3 ly khong cch x boong bng khong cch np. Nu cnh
di ca vch trn c gia cng c bit th c th khng cn t x boong di
vch trn.
2 Chiu dy tn boong vng hm vch t nht phi ln hn 1 mm so vi chiu dy yu cu
11.2.1, coi tn boong l tn vch v x boong l np vch. Tuy nhin, chiu dy phi
khng nh hn chiu dy yu cu i vi tn boong vng .
3 Chiu dy ca ct hm vch phi c xc nh c xt n p sut nc c th tc
dng vo mt trn ca hm vch v cc lin kt mt phi bn chu c p sut
nc tc dng mt di.
11.2.9 Kt cu vch vng t ca kn nc
Nu np vch b ct hoc khong cch np b tng t ca kn nc vch th l khot
phi c kt cu thch hp v phi c gia cng gi c y bn ca vch.
Khung ca phi khng c coi l np vch.
11.3 Ca kn nc
11.3.1 Quy nh chung
1 Tt c cc l khot trn cc vch kn nc v phn boong to thnh bc ca cc vch
phi c ng bi cc thit b ng kn (sau y trong Chng ny gi l "Ca kn
nc") ph hp vi cc yu cu t 11.3.2 n 11.3.5.
2 Cc ca kn nc nh quy nh -1 trn thng thng phi c ng khi tu trn bin
tr trng hp cn thit cho vic iu ng tu c ng kim chp nhn. Cc ca kn
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266
nc hoc cu xe lp trong cc phn khoang chng chm c cha hng phi thng
xuyn ng khi tu trn bin.
11.3.2 Cc loi ca kn nc
1 Ca kn nc phi l ca kiu trt.
2 Khng ph thuc vo quy nh -1 trn, cc ca kn nc lp trn cc l chui nh, c
ng kim xt duyt, c th l kiu bn l hoc kiu ln tr khi cc ca c yu cu phi
c th c iu khin t xa theo quy nh 11.3.4-2.
3 Khng ph thuc vo quy nh -1 trn, cc ca kn nc hoc cu xe lp cc phn
khoang chng chm c cha hng c th l kiu khng phi kiu trt.
4 Khng cho php dng nhng ca ng bng cch th ri hoc bng tc dng ca trng
lng th ri.
11.3.3 bn v kn
1 Ca kn nc phi bn v kn nc khi chu p sut nc cao n boong vch, khung
ca phi c lin kt chc chn vi vch. Nu ng kim thy cn thit th ca phi
c th bng p sut nc trc khi c lp ln tu.
2 Nu t cc ca kn nc trong khoang hng th cc ca phi c bo v bng cc
thit b thch hp khng b h hi do tc ng ca cc vt nh hng ho.
11.3.4 iu khin
1 Tt c cc ca kn nc, tr cc ca thng xuyn ng kn khi tu bin, u phi c
kh nng m v ng kn c bng tay ti ch t c hai pha ca ca, khi tu nghing
ngang n 30
o
v c hai mn.
2 Ngoi quy nh -1 nu trn, cc ca kn nc c s dng khi tu trn bin hoc thng
m khi tu trn bin, phi c kh nng ng c bng c gii t xa lu li.
3 Cc ca kn nc phi khng th m c t xa. Thm vo , cc ca kn nc quy
nh 11.3.2-3 phi khng iu khin c t xa.
11.3.5 Ch bo
1 Cc ca kn nc, tr cc ca thng xuyn ng khi tu trn bin, phi c thit b ch
bo ch r ca ang m hay ng trn lu li v tt c cc v tr iu khin ng m
ca.
2 i vi cc ca kn nc phi c kh nng ng t xa, phi t ch bo ti ch ch r rng
ca ny ang ch iu khin t xa.
11.3.6 Thit b bo ng
Cc ca kn nc c th ng c t xa phi c trang b thit b bo ng bng m
thanh pht ra ting ku ch t ca bt c khi no ca c ng t xa.
11.3.7 Ngun in
1 Cc thit b iu khin t xa, thit b ch bo v thit b bo ng quy nh t 11.3.4 n
11.3.6 phi c kh nng hot ng c ngay c khi ngun in chnh b mt.
2 Trang b in dng cho cc thit b nu -1, tr kiu kn nc c ng kim duyt, khng
c t di boong mn kh.
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267
3 Cp in dng cho cc thit b nu -1 phi tho mn quy nh 2.9.11-3, Phn 4.
11.3.8 Bin bo
1 Cc ca kn nc loi thng ng khi tu trn bin nhng khng t thit b ng kn t
xa, phi gn bin bo c hai pha ca nu r Phi ng kn khi tu trn bin.
2 Cc ca kn nc ng c nh khi tu trn bin phi c bin bo t c nh hai pha
ca ca vi ni dung "Khng c m khi tu trn bin". Cc ca nh vy nu c th i
qua trn chuyn hnh trnh phi c lp thit b trnh b m khi cha c php.
11.3.9 Ca trt
1 Nu cc ca kn nc kiu trt c thao tc bng thanh truyn, th thao tc ca thanh
truyn phi c gng l trc tip, bng cch xoay qua ai c bng ng hoc vt liu c
chp nhn khc.
2 Khung ca ca kn nc kiu trt ng phi khng c rnh y v c th b ng rc
bn trong rnh v ngn cn vic ng kn ca.
11.3.10 Ca bn l v ca ln
1 i vi cc ca kn nc kiu ln v bn l, cht bn l v trc ln ca cc ca ny phi
lm bng ng hoc vt liu c ph duyt khc.
2 Cc ca kn nc kiu ln v bn l, tr cc ca ng c nh khi tu trn bin, phi l
kiu tc dng nhanh hoc kiu tc dng n c kh nng ng v xit cht c t c hai
pha ca.
11.4 Kt cu kn nc khc
11.4.1 Duy tr tnh kn nc ca cc ng hm thng ng
i vi vic p dng cc quy nh Chng ny, cc ng hm thng ng yu cu
phi duy tr tnh kn nc phi c kh nng chu c p sut bn trong v bn ngoi
iu kin nguy him nht trong cc giai on ngp nc trung gian v ngp nc
sau cng.
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268
CHNG 12 KT SU
12.1 Quy nh chung
12.1.1 nh ngha
Kt su (deep tank) l kt dng cha nc, nhin liu hoc nhng cht lng khc, to
thnh mt phn ca thn tu, trong khoang hoc ni boong. Nhng kt su cn thit
phi xc nh l dng cha du th c ghi r l Kt su cha du.
12.1.2 Phm vi p dng
1 Nhng kt cu ngn kn nc (tr nhng kt cu quy nh 12.1.3-4), nhng vch ngn
khoang mi v khoang ui, nhng vch bin ca kt su (tr nhng kt su dng
cha du c im chp chy thp hn 60
o
C) phi c kt cu theo cc yu cu ca
Chng ny. Nu phn ca vch kt su c dng nh vch kn nc th phn phi
tha mn yu cu ca Chng 11.
2 Cng vi nhng yu cu ca Chng ny, nhng yu cu Chng 27 phi c p
dng cho vch ca nhng kt su dng cha du c im chp chy thp hn 60
o
C.
3 Nu nhng quy nh thch ng ca Chng ny c p dng cho cc khoang hng ca
tu ch kh ha lng hoc ch x nhng ha cht nguy him theo quy nh ca cc Phn
8D v 8E th nhng khoang hng phi c bn tng ng vi quy nh ca
chng ny, c xt n nhng c tnh ca hng ha v ca vt liu ch to.
12.1.3 Kt cu ngn kt
1 Kt su phi c kch thc thch hp v phi c nhng kt cu kn nc phn cch dc
cn thit tha mn cc yu cu v n nh trong iu kin khai thc v trong qu trnh
np v x.
2 Nhng kt nc ngt, kt nhin liu hoc nhng kt c d kin khng hon ton cha
y trong iu kin khai thc phi c kt cu ngn b sung hoc nhng tm chng va su
gim lc ng tc dng vo kt cu.
3 Nu khng th tha mn c nhng yu cu -2 th phi tng kch thc ca c cu
quy nh Chng ny.
4 Cc kt cu ngn dc kn nc chu p sut t c hai bn ca cc kt cha y hoc cc
kt hon ton trng trong iu kin khai thc, c th c quy cch c cu nh yu cu i
vi cc vch kn nc thng thng quy nh Chng 11.
Trong trng hp kt phi c ming cao, v.v..., cng vi phng tin kim tra m
bo rng kt c cha y trong iu kin khai thc.
Trong cc kt mn v kt trong khoang c chiu di hoc chiu rng ln hn 0,1L + 5,0 (m) v
trong cc kt nh mn, kt hng, chiu dy ca cc sng, cc thanh chng, cc m mt v tn
vch phi khng nh hn cc tr s cho Bng 2A/12.1, ty thuc chiu di ca tu.
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269
Bng 2A/12.1 Chiu dy ti thiu
>
90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 225 275
L (m)
<
105 120 135 150 165 180 195 225 275
Chiu dy (mm) 8,0 8,5 9,0 9,5 10,0 10,5 11,0 11,5 12,0 12,5
12.1.5 Gia cng b sung nhng vch trong kt ln
Vi bin ca nhng kt ln, quy cch ca tn vch, ca np, ca sng v ca thanh ging
phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cc cng thc tng ng ca 12.2.2, 12.2.3, 12.2.4,
12.2.5 v 12.2.6, trong h c ly theo quy nh tng mc hoc c cho theo cng
thc sau y, ly tr s no ln hn:
h =0,85(h h) + A (m)
Trong :
h : c quy nh theo tng yu cu ca 12.2.2(1) hoc 12.2.3(1).
Ah : Ct p b sung tnh theo cng thc sau y:
Ah =
t t
16
(l 10) 0,25(b 10)
L
+ (m)
l
t
: Chiu di ca kt (m)
c ly khng nh hn 10 mt.
b
t
: Chiu rng ca kt (m)
c ly khng nh hn 10 mt, tuy nhin vi khoang dn ca tu hng
ri c kt nh mn, b
t
c th c ly bng 2B/3.
12.2 Vch kt su
12.2.1 p dng
Tr khi c nhng yu cu khc ca Chng ny, kt cu ca cc vch v boong to thnh
bin ca kt su phi tha mn nhng yu cu ca Chng 11.
12.2.2 Tn vch
Chiu dy ca tn vch kt su (t) phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y:
t =3,6S h 3,5 + (mm)
Trong :
S : Khong cch gia cc np vch (m).
h : Khong cch c cho di y, ly tr s no ln hn:
(1) Khong cch thng ng o t cnh di ca tm tn n trung im ca
khong cch t nc kt n nh ng trn (m).
(2) 0,7 khong cch thng ng t cnh di ca tm tn n im 2 mt cao
hn nh ng trn (m).
12.2.3 Np vch
M un chng un (Z) ca tit din np vch phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng
thc sau y:
Z =
2
7CShl (cm
3
)
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270
Trong :
S v l : Nh quy nh 11.2.3.
h : Khong cch thng ng c cho di y ly tr s no ln hn. Mt di
c ly ti trung im ca l, nu l np ng, v ti trung im ca khong
cch gia hai np k v hai bn chic np ang xt nu l np nm.
(1) Khong cch thng ng t mt di n trung im ca khong cch t
nc kt n nh ng trn (m).
(2) 0,7 khong cch thng ng t mt di n im 2,0 mt cao hn
nh ng trn (m).
C : H s c cho trong Bng 2A/12.2 ty thuc kiu lin kt mt np.
12.2.4 Vch sng
1 Chiu dy ca tn vch sng (t) phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y:
t =
1
3,6CS h 3,5 + (mm)
Trong :
S
1
: Nh quy nh 11.2.4-1.
Bng 2A/12.2 Tr s C
Mt mt ca np
Lin kt
Mt kia ca np
Lin kt hn ta
hoc bi
sng
Kiu A Kiu B
Mt np khng
lin kt

Lin kt hn ta hoc bi sng
1,00 0,85 1,30 1,50
Kiu A 0,85 0,70 1,15 1,30
Lin kt
Kiu B 1,30 1,15 0,85 1,15
Mt np khng lin kt
1,50 1,30 1,15 1,50
Ch thch:
(1) Lin kt kiu A l lin kt bng m ca np vi y i hoc vi np c bn tng
ng gn trn tm mp ca c cu k cn, hoc lin kt c bn tng ng (xem
Hnh 2A/11.1 (a)).
(2) Lin kt kiu B l lin kt bng m ca cc np vi cc c cu ngang nh x boong,
sn hoc c cu tng ng (xem Hnh 2A/11.1 (b)).
h: Nh quy nh 12.2.2.
C: H s c cho di y:
Vi tm mt: C =
2
w
f
1,4
t
1
t
| |
+
|
\ .

V i tm nghing: C = 1,0
t
w
v t
f
: Nh quy nh 11.2.4-1.
2 M un chng un (Z) ca tit din mt na bc sng phi khng nh hn tr s tnh
theo cng thc sau y:
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271
Z =
2
7CShl (cm
3
)
Trong :
S : Nh quy nh 11.2.4-2.
l : Chiu di gia cc ta (m) nh m t Hnh 2A/12.1.
C : H s c cho Bng 2A/12.3 ty thuc kiu lin kt mt.
h : Nh quy nh 12.2.3.
Vi nhng vch m di c chiu rng d
H
theo phng dc nh hn 2,5 chiu cao tit
din d
0
ca sng vch (xem Hnh 2A/12.1) th cch o l v tr s ca C phi tha mn yu
cu ca ng kim.
Bng 2A/12.3 Tr s ca C
Mt trn
Dng Mt di
bi
sng
Hn trc tip
vi boong
Hn vo lin kt chc
chn vi kt cu thn tu
(1)
bi sng hoc hn trc
tip vi boong hoc y trn
1,00 1,50 1,35
(2)
Hn vo lin kt chc chn
vi kt cu thn tu
1,50 1,20 1,00
3 cc on mt 0,2 l trn phm vi ca l, chiu dy ca tn vch phi khng nh hn tr s
Chiu dy ca tm nghing:
0
CShl
t 0,0417 3,5
d
= + (mm)
Chiu dy tm nghing phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y:
t =
2
3
0
CShlb
1,74 3,5
d
+ (mm)
Chiu dy ca tm mt, tr phn trn ca vch c gn ng:
t =12a 3,5 + (mm)
Trong :
h : Nh quy nh 12.2.3.
C, S, d
0
, a v b : Nh quy nh 11.2.4-4.
l : Nh quy nh -2.

Hnh 2A/12.1 o l
12.2.5 Sng np vch
e

A

l

d
0

B
d
H

o
d
e A A
2B
=
l

Boong
Sng
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272
1 M un chng un (Z) ca tit din sng phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau
y:
Z =
2
7,13Shl (cm
3
)
Trong :
S : Chiu rng ca vng m sng phi (m).
h : Khong cch thng ng t trung im ca S, nu l sng nm, hoc t trung
im ca l, nu l sng ng, n im nh ca h quy nh 12.2.3 (m).
l : Chiu di nhp ca sng quy nh 11.2.6 (m).
2 M men qun tnh ca tit din sng (I) phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y.
Chiu cao tit din sng phi khng nh hn 2,5 chiu cao ca l khot np xuyn qua:
I =
4
30hl (cm
4
)
Trong :
3 Chiu dy bn thnh (t) phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cc cng thc sau y, ly tr
s no ln nht:
t =
1
CShl
0,0417 3,5
d
+ (mm)
t =
2
1
3
1
CShlS
1,74 3,5
d
+ (mm)
t =
1
10S 3,5 + (mm)
Trong :
S
1
: Khong cch gia cc np gia cng bn thnh hoc chiu cao tit din
sng, ly tr s no ln hn (m).
d
1
: Chiu cao tit din sng ch ang c xt tr chiu cao ca l khot
np xuyn qua (m).
C : H s tnh theo cc cng thc sau y. Trong mi trng hp C phi
khng nh hn 0,5:
i vi sng nm:
x
C 1 2
l
=
i vi sng ng:
2
1 l l x l x
C 1 2
5h h l h l
| | | |
= + + +
| |
\ . \ .

x: Khong cch t mt ca l i vi sng nm, v t mt di ca l i
vi sng ng, n v tr ang xt (m).
4 Tr s thc t ca m un chng un v m men qun tnh tit din ca sng phi c
tnh ton theo cc quy nh 11.2.6-6.
12.2.6 Thanh ging
1 Nu c nhng thanh ging hu hiu t qua kt su lin kt cc sng vch kt th
nhp l ca sng quy nh 12.2.5 c th c o t mt ca sng n ng tm ca
thanh ging hoc o gia cc ng tm ca hai thanh ging ln cn nhau.
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273
2 Din tch tit din (A) ca thanh ging phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc:
A =
S
1,3Sb h (cm
2
)
Trong :
S v h : Nh quy nh 12.2.5.
b
S
: Chiu rng ca vng m thanh ging phi (m).
3 Cc mt ca thanh ging phi c lin kt vi sng bng m.
12.2.7 Kt cu ca nc v y kt su
Kch thc ca cc c cu to thnh nc v y ca kt su phi tha mn cc yu cu
ca Chng ny, coi cc c cu nh l cc c cu to thnh vch ca kt su ti .
Kch thc ca cc c cu phi khng nh hn cc kch thc yu cu bi cc quy
nh khc i vi kt cu nc kt v y. Tn nc ca kt su phi c chiu dy ln hn
chiu dy quy nh 12.2.2 t nht l 1 mm.
12.2.8 Kch thc ca cc c cu khng tip xc vi nc bin
Chiu dy ca tn vch v sng vch khng tip xc vi nc bin trong iu kin khai
thc c th c gim so vi cc yu cu 12.2.2, 12.2.4, v 12.2.5, mt lng c cho
di y:
0,5 mm: Nu tm ch c mt mt tip xc vi nc bin.
1,0 mm: Nu tm c hai mt khng tip xc vi nc bin.
Tuy nhin tm vch cc vng nh rnh hng phi c coi l tip xc vi nc bin.
12.3 Ph tng ca kt su
12.3.1 L tiu nc v l thng kh
L tiu nc v l thng kh phi c khot thch hp cc c cu m bo cho
nc v khng kh khng t li bt c ch no trong kt su.
12.3.2 Bin php tiu nc t nc kt
Phi c bin php hu hiu tiu nc t nc kt.
12.3.3 Phng tin kim tra mc cht lng
Phng tin kim tra mc cht lng kt su phi c t theo yu cu 12.1.3 ti ch
c th tip cn ngay c v vic np nc nn c thc hin khi phng tin kim tra
c m.
12.3.4 Ngn cch ly
1 Ngn cch ly kn du phi c t gia cc kt cha du v kt cha nc ngt nh
nc sinh hot hoc nc np cho ni hi trnh nc ngt b pha trn vi du.
2 Khu vc thy th v khu vc hnh khch phi khng trc tip k vi kt du nhin liu.
Cc khu vc phi c phn cch vi kt du nhin liu bng nhng ngn cch ly
c thng gi tt v d tip cn. Nu nc kt cha du t khng c l khot v c
bc bng cht khng chy c chiu dy bng v ln hn 38 mm th gia cc khu vc
v nc kt cha du t khng cn phi t ngn cch ly.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

274
CHNG 13 BN DC
13.1 Quy nh chung
13.1.1 Trng hp c bit trong p dng
Trong trng hp m vic p dng trc tip nhng yu cu ca Chng ny cho nhng
tu nu t (1) n (5) sau y l khng hp l th phi c ng kim xem xt c
bit.
(1) Tu c t s kch thc khc thng
(2) Tu c ming khoang qu ln
(3) Tu c h s bo th tch C
b
qu nh
(4) Tu c mn loe rng v vn tc ln
(5) i vi nhng tu cha c quy nh t (1) n (4), c hnh dng v kt cu c
bit, c nhng phng tin c bit bc xp hng ha, v.v...
13.1.2 S lin tc v bn
Cc c cu dc phi c b tr sao cho m bo s lin tc v bn.
13.2 bn un
13.2.1 bn un on gia tu
1 M un chng un ca tit din ngang thn tu on gia tu phi khng nh hn tr s
Zo tnh theo hai cng thc sau y ti tit din ang xt ca chiu di tu trong mi iu
kin ti v dn:
s w
Z 5,72M M ( )
o
= + + (cm
3
)
s w
Z 5,72M M ( )
o
= + (cm
3
)
Trong :
M
s:
M men un dc tu trn nc tnh (kNm) ti tit din ngang ang xt theo chiu
di tu, tnh ton theo phng php c ng kim tha nhn. Tuy nhin, tr s
dng ca Ms c nh ngha l tr s dng tnh ton vi quy c l ti trng
tc dng theo chiu i xung c coi l dng v php tnh tch phn c thc
hin t ui tu v mi tu (Hnh 2A/13.1).

Hnh 2A/13.1 Tr s dng ca m men un dc
M
w
(+) v M
w
(-): M men un dc tu do sng (kNm) ti tit din ngang ang xt theo
chiu di tu, tnh theo cc cng thc di y:
( )
2 '
w 1 2 1 b
M 0,19C C L BC + = + (kNm)
( )
2 '
w 1 2 1 b
M 0,11C C L B(C 0,7) = + (kNm)

(+)
mi tu ui tu
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275
C
1
: c tnh theo biu thc sau y:
C
1
=
1,5
1
300 L
10,75
100
| |
|
\ .
nu L
1
s 300 mt
C
1
=10,75 nu 300 mt < L
1
s 350 mt
C
1
=
1,5
1
L 350
10,75
150
| |
|
\ .
nu L
1
>350 mt
L
1
: Chiu di ca tu quy nh 1.2.16 Phn 1A hoc 0,97 ln chiu di o theo
ng nc ch hng thit k ln nht, ly tr s no nh hn (m).
'
b
C : Th tch chim nc ng nc ch hng thit k ln nht chia cho
L1Bd. Tuy nhin, nu t s ny nh hn 0,6 th
'
b
C c ly bng 0,6.
C
2
: H s quy nh theo v tr tit din ngang thn tu ang xt theo chiu di tu,
c cho Hnh 2A/13.2.
2 Mc d nhng yu cu -1, m un chng un ca tit din ngang thn tu ti trung im
ca L phi khng nh hn tr s W
min
2 '
min 1 1 b
W C L B(C 0,7) = + (cm
3
)
Trong :
C
1
, L
1
,
'
b
C : c ly nh quy nh -1.
3 M men qun tnh ca tit din ngang thn tu (I) ti trung im ca L phi khng nh hn
tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y. Tuy nhin, phng php tnh m men qun tnh ca tit
din ngang thc ca thn tu phi theo cc quy nh tng ng 13.2.3.
I =
min 1
3W L (cm
4
)
Trong :
min
W : M un chng un ca tit din ngang thn tu ti trung im ca L nh quy
nh -2.
L
1
: Nh quy nh -1.

Khong cch tnh t mt sau ca L
Hnh 2A/13.2 Tr s ca h s C
2

4 Kch thc ca cc c cu dc thn tu on gia tu phi khng nh hn kch thc
ca cc c cu dc o ti trung im ca L xc nh theo yu cu -2 v -3, khng k
nhng thay i kch thc c cu do s thay i hnh dng ca tit din ngang thn tu.
on gia tu
1,0
C
2

Mt sau ca L 0,3L 0,4L 0,65L 0,7L Mt trc ca L
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276
13.2.2 bn un ca nhng tit din nm ngoi phm vi on gia tu
1 bn un ca nhng tit din nm ngoi phm vi on gia tu phi c xc nh
theo cc yu cu 15.2.
2 Nu ng kim thy rng vic p dng nhng yu cu -1 l khng thch hp th bn
ca cc tit din nm ngoi phm vi on gia tu phi c xc nh theo 13.2.1-1
km theo nhng thay i cn thit.
13.2.3 Tnh ton m un chng un ca tit din ngang thn tu
Vic tnh ton m un chng un ca tit din ngang thn tu phi da trn cc yu cu t
(1) n (6) sau y:
(1) Tt c cc c cu dc c coi l hu hiu i vi bn dc phi c a vo
tnh ton.
(2) Nhng l khot boong tnh ton phi c tr khi tit din dng trong tnh ton m
un chng un. Tuy nhin, nhng l khot nh c chiu di khng ln hn 2,5 mt v
c chiu rng khng ln hn 1,2 mt, s khng cn phi tr i, nu tng chiu rng
cc l khot ti mt tit din ngang khng ln hn:
0,06(B-b)
Trong :
b: Tng chiu rng ca cc l khot c chiu rng ln hn 1,2 mt hoc c
chiu di ln hn 2,5 mt.
(3) Mc d cc yu cu (2), cc l khot nh boong tnh ton s khng b tr nu tng
chiu rng ca chng ti mi tit din ngang khng lm gim m un chng un tnh
vi boong tnh ton hoc vi y tu i nhiu hn 3%.
(4) Nhng l khot boong quy nh (2) v (3) gm c vng ph khut to bi hai ng
tip tuyn vi l khot to thnh gc 30
o
c nh trn ng tm l khot nh theo
chiu di ca tu.
(5) M un chng un tnh vi boong tnh ton phi c tnh bng cch chia m men
qun tnh ca tit din ngang thn tu quanh trc trung ha nm ngang cho khong
cch a hoc b sau y ly tr s no ln hn:
a: Khong cch thng ng t trc trung ha n mt boong tnh ton o mn
tu (m).
b: Khong cch tnh theo cng thc sau y:
b =
X
Y 0,9 0,2
B
| |
+
|
\ .

Trong :
X: Khong cch nm ngang o t mt ca c cu khe lin tc n ng
tm tu (m).
Y: Khong cch thng ng o t trc trung ha n mt ca c cu khe
lin tc (m).
Trong trng hp ny X v Y phi c o ti im cho tr s ln nht tnh theo
cng thc ni trn.
(6) M un chng un tnh vi y tu c tnh bng cch chia m men qun tnh ca
tit din ngang thn tu quanh trc trung ha nm ngang cho khong cch thng ng
t trc trung ha n mt tn gia y.
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277
13.3 bn ct
13.3.1 Chiu dy tn bao ca tu khng c vch dc
1 Chiu dy tn mn phi khng nh hn tr s t
s
tnh theo hai cng thc sau y ti tit din
ngang c xt trn chiu di tu trong mi iu kin ti trng v dn:
I
s s w
m
t 0,455F F ( ) = + + (mm)
I
s s w
m
t 0,455F F ( ) = + (mm)
Trong :
I: M men qun tnh (cm
4
) ca tit din ngang thn tu ang xt ly i vi trc
trung ha nm ngang ca n, trong cc yu cu 13.2.3 phi c p dng
vo tnh ton.
m: M men din tch ly i vi trc trung ha nm ngang (cm
3
), ti tit din ngang
thn tu, ca cc c cu dc trn ng nm ngang i qua tit din ang xt
ca tm v trong trng hp tit din ang xt nm trn trc trung ha nm
ngang, hoc ca cc c cu dc nm di trc trung ha nm ngang trong trng
hp tit din ang xt nm di trc trung ha nm ngang, nu cc yu cu
13.2.3 c p dng vo tnh ton.
F
s:
Lc ct trn nc tnh (kN) ti tit din ngang ang xt ca chiu di tu tnh theo
phng php c ng kim chp nhn. Tuy nhin, tr s dng ca F
s
c
nh ngha l tr s dng tnh c khi coi ti trng c chiu i xung l dng
v php tch phn c thc hin t pha ui tu v pha mi tu (Xem Hnh
2A/13.3).

Hnh 2A/13.3 Tr s dng ca lc ct
F
w
(+) v F
w
(-): Lc ct do sng kch thch (kN) ti tit din ngang xt trn chiu di
thn tu tnh theo cng thc sau y:
'
w 1 3 1 b
F ( ) 0,3C C L B(C 0,7) + = + + (kN)
'
w 1 4 1 b
F ( ) 0,3C C L B(C 0,7) = + (kN)
Trong :
C
1
, L
1
v C
b
': Nh quy nh 13.2.1-1.
C
3
v C
4
: H s ph thuc vo v tr ca tit din ngang ang xt trn chiu di
tu, xc nh theo Hnh 2A/13.4 v Hnh 2A/13.5.

(+)
mi tu ui tu
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

278

3

4

2 Nu tu c kt hng hoc kt nh mn, hoc nu tu c nhng c cu dc di boong
tnh ton c coi l hu hiu i vi vic chu lc ct th chiu dy tn bao mn yu cu
-1 c th c gim theo s tha thun vi ng kim.
13.3.2 Chiu dy ca tn mn v tn vch dc ca nhng tu c t mt n bn vch
dc
Chiu dy t ca tn mn v tn vch dc ca nhng tu c vch dc thuc mt trong cc
kiu m t Hnh 2A/13.6 phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y ti tit
din ngang ang xt trn chiu di tu trong mi iu kin trng ti v dn. Tuy nhin, vi
nhng tu c kt cu mn kp c kt hng nm trong kt cu mn kp th chiu dy t phi
c ng kim xt duyt c bit.
Fm
t 0,91
I
= (mm)
Trong :
Mt sau ca L 0,2L 0,3L 0,4L 0,6L 0,7L 0,85L Mt trc ca
L
1,0

'
b
'
b
0, 92 190C
110(C 0, 7)
+

C
3

0,7

0

Mt sau ca L 0,2L 0,3L 0,4L 0,6L 0,7L 0,85L Mt trc ca
L
0,92
'
b
'
b
190C
110(C 0, 7) +

C
4

0,7

0

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279
I v m: Nh quy nh 13.3.1-1.
F: Lc ct tc dng ln tn mn v tn vch dc phi c ly bng F(+) hoc F(-),
ly tr s no ln hn (kN):
s w
F( ) (F F ( )) F + = o + + + A
s w
F( ) (F F ( )) F = o + + A
Trong :
F
s
, F
w
(+), F
w
(-): Nh quy nh 13.3.1-1.
Cc tr s ca AF c th c ly theo Bng 2A/13.1, tr trng hp ng
kim thy cn thit phi xem xt c bit.

Hnh 2A/13.6 Cc kiu tu c vch dc
Bng 2A/13.1 Cc tr s ca v F
1 2
( . ) o = o o
i
F( n(R f)) A = o
Kiu p dng
1
o
2
o
R f
Tn mn

1

A

Tn
vch dc

2

C
C
L
Kiu B

L
Kiu C

C
L
Kiu A

C
L
Kiu D

C
L
Kiu E

1 L
s L
k A
0,5 0,575
2A A
+

b
4,9W bS
b
19,6.WbS
b
9,8W bS
1 L
s L
0,575k A
2A A +

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

280
Tn mn

B
Tn
vch dc

1

Tn mn

C

Tn
vch dc

0,5

Tn mn

Tn
vch dc
ngoi

D
Tn
vch dc
tm

2

Tn mn

Tn
vch dc
ngoi

E
Tn
vch dc
trong

1

Trong :
k
1
: Tr s quy nh t (a) n (c) di y i vi nhng vch dc khng phi l thn
tu c mn kp.
k
2
: Tr s quy nh t (a) n (c) di y i vi nhng vch dc thn tu c mn kp.
Tuy nhin, cc tr s ca k
1
v k
2
c th c thay i thch hp nu c nhng c cu
c coi l tham gia chu ct.
(a) Bng 0 : i vi nhng phn khng c vch dc.
(b) Bng 1,0: i vi nhng phn c vch dc tr cc on mt c chiu di bng 0,5 D
s
.
(c) i vi nhng phn trung gian gia cc phn quy nh (a) v (b) cc tr s ny
c ly theo php ni suy tuyn tnh.
A
S
, A
L
v A
DL
: Tng ng l din tch tit din tn mn, tn vch dc tu khng c mn
kp v tn vch dc tu c mn kp, on gia tu (mm
2
).
W
a
, W
b
v W
c
: Tr s tnh theo cc cng thc:
a a d
W h h d' = + (m)
1 L
s L
0,55k A
A A +

a b
9,8( W a 0,5W b)S | +

2 DL
s DL
1,06k A
A A +

b
9,8WbS
2 DL
s DL
1,05k A
A A +

1 L
s DL L
0,675k A
2(A A ) A + +

1 L
s DL L
0,615k A
A A A + +

a b
9,8( W a 0,5Wb)S | +
2 DL
s DL
0,14k A
A A +

b
4,9W bS
1 L
s L
0,55k A
0,5
A A
+

a b
19,6(Wa Wb)S +
a c
4,9( Wa Wc)S | +
a c
19,6(Wa Wc)S +
2 DL
s DL
1,06k A
1
A A
+

1 L
s DL L
0,675k A
0,5
2(A A ) A
+ +

2 DL
s DL
1,05k A
1
A A
+

b c
4,9(0,5Wb Wc)S +
b c
19,6(Wb Wc)S +
2 DL
s DL
0,14k A
1
A A
+
b c
4,9(0,5W b W c)S +

a b c
19,6(Wa Wb Wc)S + +
1 L
s DL L
0,615k A
0,5
A A A
+ +

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

281
b b d
W h h d' = + (m)
c c d
W h h d' = + (m)
d': Chiu chm tu ch ang xt trong iu kin ti ang xt (m).
h
a
, h
b
, h
c
v h
d
: Ct p tnh chuyn t p sut hng ha hoc ca dn tng ng
cc kt gia, kt mn, kt trong mn kp (tr phn trong y i) v kt trong y
i trong iu kin ti trng ang xt (m). Nu tu c hai v ch to thnh mt loi
kt duy nht, th quy nh ni trn c p dng ring r cho phn kt mn kp
v cho phn kt trong y i. Nu y i c phn chia trong a, b hoc c th
h
d
phi c xc nh cho tng loi kt c phn chia.
a, b v c: Tng ng l na chiu rng ca kt gia, chiu rng ca kt mn v chiu
rng ca kt mn kp (m).
S: Khong cch gia cc ngang y trong y i (m).
n
i:
S lng ngang trong y i on t trung im khong cch gia cc vch
ngang n tit din ang xt. Du ca n
i
l m khi m v pha sau v l dng khi
m v pha trc. Nhng tm chng va c t s thng bng v ln hn 20% s
khng c coi l vch ngang. Nu c ngang y trung im khong cch gia
cc vch ngang th n
i
l s m c khi m chic ngang y l 0,5.
|: Nh quy nh di y:
1,0: Nu khng c sng chnh hu hiu trong y i.
0,7: Nu c sng chnh hu hiu trong y i.
13.3.3 Bi thng v l khot
Nu tn v c l khot th phi quan tm y n bn ct v phi c bin php bi
thng thch ng.
13.4 n nh
13.4.1 Quy nh chung
1 n nh ca cc c chnh lin quan n bn dc phi ph hp vi cc quy nh
Phn ny.
2 n nh c th c kim tra bng phng php phn tch ph hp khc vi nhng
quy nh Phn ny nhng phi c ng kim thm duyt,
3 Khi tnh ton ng sut mt n nh 13.4.3 v 13.4.4, chiu dy khu tr tiu chun ly
bng tr s cho Bng 2A/13.2 ph thuc vo v tr t cc thnh phn c cu ang xt,
c lu n t
b
, t
w
v t
f
.
Bng 2A/13.2 Lng khu tr tiu chun
n v tnh: mm
Tr s gii hn
C cu
Lng khu
tr tiu chun
Min. Max.
1. Khoang ch x hng kh
2. Mt mt tip xc vi nc dn v/hng lng - mt thng
ng v mt nghing mt gc > 25
o
so vi phng ngang.
0,05t 0,5 1,0
1. Mt mt tip xc vi nc dn v/hng lng - mt nm 0,10t 2,0 3,0
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ngang v mt nghing mt gc < 25
o
so vi phng
ngang.
2. Hai mt tip xc vi nc dn v/hng lng - mt thng
ng v mt nghing mt gc > 25
o
so vi phng ngang.
1. Hai mt tip xc vi nc dn v/hng lng - mt nm
ngang v mt nghing mt gc < 25
o
so vi phng
ngang.
0,15t 2,0 4,0
Ch thch: t: Chiu dy ca c cu thnh phn ang xt, mm.
13.4.2 ng sut lm vic
1 ng sut nn khi lm vic o
a
ca c cu ang xt, dng cho vic kim tra bn n nh
theo yu cu mc ny phi c tnh theo cng thc sau y nhng khng nh hn
30/K:
I
5 S W
a
M M
y 10
+
= (N/mm
2
)
Trong :
K : H s ph thuc vo cp thp, bng 1,0 i vi thp thng, cc tr s quy nh
1.1.7-2(1) i vi thp bn cao.
M
S
: M men un dc trn nc tnh quy nh 13.2.1 (kNm).
M
w
: M men un dc do sng gy ra quy nh 13.2.1 (kNm).
Vi cc c cu nm pha trn trc trung ho, tr s ln nht ca M
S
v M
W
phi
c ly tng ng t cc tr s tnh c iu kin vng xung tu theo v
tr tit din ngang c xt. i vi cc c cu nm di trc trung ho, tr s
ln nht ca M
S
v M
W
phi c ly tng ng t cc tr s tnh c iu
kin vng ln.
I : M men qun tnh ti tit din ngang ang xt ly nh quy nh 13.3.1-1 (cm
4
).
y : Khong cch t trc trung ho n v tr ca c cu ang xt trn tit din
ngang tu ang xt (m).
2 ng sut ct lm vic ta ca c cu ang xt kim tra n nh ph hp vi cc yu
cu trong phn ny, phi c xc nh theo cng thc (1) hoc (2) di y:
(1) Tu khng c vch dc
2
a
0,5mF
10
It
t = (N/mm
2
)
Trong :
F: Lc ct, xc nh theo 13.3.1-1, chn gi tr no ln hn trong cc gi tr sau:
I Fs +Fw(+) l hoc l Fs + Fw(-) l (kN)
m: M men din tch ca tit din ngang thn tu ang xt, cm
3
, xc nh theo
13.3.1-1.
I: Nh nu -1.
t: Chiu dy ca c cu ang xt (mm).
(2) Tu c vch dc
2
a
mF
10
It
t = (N/mm
2
)
Trong :
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m, I, t: nh c nu (1)
F: Lc ct, xc nh theo 13.3.2 (kN).
13.4.3 ng sut mt n nh n hi ca tm
1 ng sut mt n nh n hi ca tm o
E
c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
| |
=
|
\ .
2
b
E m
t
0, 9k E
1000S
(N/mm
2
)
Trong :
E : M un n hi ca vt liu, i vi thp: E = 2,06.10
5
(N/mm
2
)
t
b
: Chiu dy ca tm ang xt (mm)
S : Cnh ngn hn ca tm (m)
k
m
: H s, i vi tm c np dc:
m
8,4
k
1,1
=
+
(vi 0 s s 1)
i vi tm c np ngang:
2
2
m
S 2,1
k c 1 .
l 1,1
(
| |
= +
(
|
+
\ .
(

(vi 0 s s 1)
l: Cnh di hn ca tm (m)
: T l gia ng sut nn nh nht v ng sut nn ln nht o
a
(nh s
di y theo quan h tuyn tnh)

C: H s xc nh ph thuc vo kiu np ti cnh b nn, c ly bng:
1,30 Khi tm t np dng ngang hoc sng c tm thnh cao
1,21 Khi np l thp gc hoc tit din ch T
1,10 Khi np l thp m
1,05 Khi np l thp thanh
2 ng sut mt n nh do ct t
E
ca tm c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
2
b
E t
t
0,9k E
1000S
| |
t =
|
\ .
(N/mm
2
)
Trong :
E, t
b
, S: Nh quy nh -1
| |
= +
|
\ .
2
t
S
k 5,34 4
l

o
a

o
a

Hnh 2A/13.7 T l gia ng sut nn nh nht v ln nht

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13.4.4 Mt n nh n hi ca cc c cu dc
1 ng sut mt n nh nn o
E
ca cc x dc, dm v np dc c xc nh theo cng
thc sau:
I
a
E 2
=0,001E
Al
(N/mm
2
)
Trong :
E : Nh quy nh 13.4.3-1
I
a
: M men qun tnh ca c cu dc k c tm mp b v c tnh ton vi
chiu dy xc nh theo 13.4.1-3 (cm
4
)
A : Din tch tit din ngang ca c cu dc k c tm mp b v c tnh vi
chiu dy xc nh theo 13.4.1- 3 (cm
2
)
l : Nhp ca c cu dc (m)
2 ng sut mt n nh xon oE ca x, dm v np dc c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
I I
I I
2
2 t W
E 4 2 2
P P
E K
m 0,385E
10 l m
t | |
o = + +
|
\ .
(N/mm
2
)
Trong :
I
t
: M men qun tnh bn thn (cm
4
) c xc nh khng k tm mp ph hp vi
kiu c cu dc, theo cng thc sau:
i vi c cu dng thanh: I
3
4 W W
t
h t
10
3

=
i vi c cu c tit din c mp: I
3 3 4 f
t W W f f
f
1 t
h t b t 1 0,63 10
3 b

( | |
= +
( |
\ .

I
P
: M men qun tnh c cc (cm
4
) tnh n lin kt ca np vi tm c xc
nh ph hp vi kiu c cu dc, theo cng thc sau:
3
4 W W
P
h t
10
3

=
i vi c cu c tit din b mp: I
3
2 4 W W
P W f f
h t
h b t 10
3

(
= +
(

I
w
: M men qun tnh tit din gn ch lin kt ca np vi tn c tnh ty theo
kiu ca c cu dc, c cho theo cc cng thc sau:
3 3
6
W W
w
h t
10
36

=
i vi tit din ch T: I
3 2
6 f f w
w
tbh
10
12

=
i vi c cu c tit din thp m hoc thp gc:
( )
( )
I
3 2
2 2 6
f w
w f f f w w w f w
2
f w
b h
t b 2bh 4h 3t bh 10
12 b h

(
= + + +

+

Trong :
h
w
: Chiu cao tm thnh (mm)
t
w
: Chiu dy tm thnh c xt n lng khu tr tiu chun nh nu
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13.4.1-3, (mm)
b
f
: Chiu rng tm mp (mm)
t
f
: Chiu dy tm mp c xt n lng khu tr tiu chun nh nu 13.4.1-
3, i vi thp m th chiu dy m l chiu dy trung bnh (mm)
l : Nhp ca c cu dc (mm)
4
6
4
W
Cl
K 10
EI
=
t

3
3 P P
3
P w P
3
w
k Et
C 10
1,33k h t
3s 1
1000st
=
| |
+
|
\ .

Trong :
s: Khong cch c cu dc (m)
t
p
: Chiu dy ca tm lin kt vi c cu dc c xt n lng khu tr nu
13. 4.1- 3 (mm)
k
p
: H s tnh theo cng thc sau y, nhng khng nh hn 0. i vi cc c
cu dc c tm mp, kp khng c nh hn 1:
k
p
=1 - q
p
vi
a
P
EP
o
q =
o

Trong :
o
a
: ng sut nn tnh ton ca c cu dc, theo 13.4.2
o
EP
: ng sut un dc n hi ca tm mp km tnh nh 13.4. 3
E : Nh quy nh 13.4.3-1
m : Tr s ly theo Bng 2A/13.3 di y:
Bng 2A/13.3 Tr s m
K 0 <K <4 4 s K <36 36 s K <144 m
2
(m - 1)
2
s K <m
2
(m +1)
2

m 1 2 3 m
3 ng sut mt n nh do nn o
E
ca tm thnh c cu dc c xc nh nh sau:
2
w
E
w
t
3, 8E
h
| |
=
|
\ .
(N/mm)
Trong : E, t
W
, h
W
nh quy nh -2
13.4.5 ng sut mt n nh ti hn
1 ng sut mt n nh ti hn o
C
c xc nh nh sau:
=
C E
khi s
Y
E
2

(
=
(

Y
C Y
E
1
4
khi >
Y
E
2

o
E
: ng sut mt n nh do nn tnh theo 13.4.3 v 13.4.4.
o
Y
: ng sut chy ti thiu ca vt liu quy nh Phn 7A (N/mm
2
).
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286
2 ng sut mt n nh ti hn do ct t
c
c xc nh nh sau:
C E
t = t khi
Y
E
2
t
t s
Y
C Y
E
1
4
( t
t = t
(
t

khi
Y
E
2
t
t >
t
E
: ng sut mt n nh do ct tnh theo 13.4.3 v 13.4.4.
t
Y
: c cho bi cng thc sau:
Y
Y
3
o
t =
o
Y
: Ly nh -1.
13.4.6 Tiu chun chung
n nh ca cc c cu chnh c lin quan n bn dc thn tu phi tho mn iu
kin sau:
(1) o
C
> |o
a
- i vi c cu chu nn, chu un v chu xon
Trong :
|: H s c ly nh sau:
| =1,0 i vi tm v tm thnh ca np
| =1,1 i vi np
(2) t
C
> t
a
i vi cc tm b mt n nh do ct
13.4.7 Cc yu cu c bit khc
1 Tm mp ca thp gc v thp ch T ca c cu phi tha mn iu kin sau y:
f
f
b
15
t
s
Trong :
b
f
: Chiu rng tm mp, i vi thp ch T th b
f
ly bng 1/2 chiu rng tm mp
(mm)
t
f
: Chiu dy tm mp (mm)
i vi c cu bng thanh thp dt, th t s gia chiu cao ca thanh vi chiu
dy thanh khng c vt qu 15.
2 i vi cc tu c mn loe rng v tc cao th phi xem xt c bit n n nh ca
boong tnh ton, tm mn v cc c cu dc trong phm vi 0,3 L tnh t mt mi tu.
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287
CHNG 14 TN BAO V TN GIA Y
14.1 Quy nh chung
14.1.1 D phng cho han g
nhng vng m do v tr hoc iu kin khai thc ca tu, s han g c coi l mnh,
chiu dy tn bao phi c tng thch ng so vi yu cu ca Chng ny.
14.1.2 phng mt n nh
phng s mt n nh ca tn bao phi quan tm thch ng n bin php chng
mt n nh do nn, cng vi nhng yu cu 13.4.
14.1.3 S lin tc ca chiu dy tn bao
Phi quan tm thch ng n s lin tc ca chiu dy tn bao, trnh nhng khc bit
qu ln gia chiu dy tn bao ang xt v chiu dy ca tm tn bao k cn.
14.1.4 Xt n s va chm vi cu cng, v.v...
nhng ch m tn bao c th va chm vi cu cng, v.v..., trong iu kin khai thc ca
tu, phi c bit quan tm n chiu dy tn bao.
14.1.5 Trng hp khong cch t ng nc ch hng n boong tnh ton qu
ln
Vi tn bao ca nhng tu m khong cch t ng nc ch hng thit k cc i n
boong tnh ton l qu ln, cc yu cu ca Chng ny c th c thay i thch ng.
14.1.6 Cc phn di ng xuyn qua tn bao
Cc phn di ng i xuyn qua tn bao pha di ng nc phn khoang trn cng
quy nh Phn 9, phi c b tr hp tt kn nc c ng kim chp nhn. Tm
m bn trong ca hp tt phi c t trong khoang kn nc c th tch sao cho khi
tu b thng khng b ngp n boong vch. ng kim c th yu cu rng nu khoang
ny b ngp th ngun in v n chnh hoc s c, thit b thng tin ni b, thit b tn
hiu hic s c khc phi vn c duy tr hot ng cc khu vc khc ca tu.
14.2 Di tn gia y
14.2.1 Chiu rng v chiu dy ca di tn gia y
1 Trn sut chiu di ca tu, chiu rng ca di tn gia y phi khng nh hn tr s tnh
theo cng thc sau y:
+ 2L 1000 (mm)
2 Trn sut chiu di tu, chiu dy ca di tn gia y t nht phi ln hn 2 mi-li-mt so
vi chiu dy tn y on gia tu tnh ton theo yu cu 14.3.4. Tuy nhin, chiu
dy ca tn gia y phi khng nh hn chiu dy ca tm tn y k cn.
14.3 Tn bao di boong tnh ton
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Chiu dy ti thiu ca tn bao di boong tnh ton phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo
cng thc sau y:
=
min
t L (mm)
14.3.2 Chiu dy tn mn
Chiu dy ca tn mn, tr tn mp mn, di boong tnh ton on gia tu phi
tha mn cc yu cu (1) v (2) sau y cng vi cc yu cu 13.3.1 v 13.3.2.
(1) nhng tu kt cu theo h thng ngang, chiu dy ca tn mn phi khng nh hn
+ + +
1 2 1
C C S d 0,125D 0,05L' h 2,5 (mm)
Trong :
S : Khong cch gia cc sn ngang (m).
L : Chiu di ca tu (m). Tuy nhin, nu L ln hn 230 mt th ly L bng 230
mt.
C
1
: H s c cho nh sau:
1,0 nu L s 230 m
1,07 nu L s 400 m
Vi cc tr s trung gian ca L, h s C
1
c xc nh theo php ni suy
tuyn tnh.
C
2
: H s c cho nh sau:
2
2 2
91
C
576 x
=
o

o : c cho (a) hoc (b) ly tr s no ln hn:
(a)
B
B
y
15,5f 1
y
| |
|
\ .

(b) 6,0 nu L s 230 mt
10,5 nu L s 400 mt
Vi cc tr s trung gian ca L th o c tnh theo php ni suy tuyn tnh.
y
B
: Khong cch thng ng t mt tn gia y n trc trung ha nm
ngang ca tit din ngang thn tu (m).
y: Khong cch thng ng t mt tn gia y n cnh di ca tm
tn mn ang xt (m).
f
B
: T s ca m un chng un ca tit din ngang thn tu yu cu
Chng 13 chia cho m un chng un thc ca tit din ca thn tu
tnh vi y.
x: c cho theo cng thc sau y (p dng cho ton b mc (1)):

X
0,3L

X: Khong cch t mi tu n phn ang xt, i vi tn mn pha
trc ca sn gia, hoc khong cch t ui tu n phn ang xt,
i vi tn mn pha sau sn gia (m).
Tuy nhin, nu X < 0,1L th ly X = 0,1L v nu X > 0,3L th ly X = 0,3L .
h
1
: c cho (a) hoc (b):
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289
(a) Vng 0,3 L k t mi tu:
' 2
b
9
(17 20C )(1 x)
4

(b) Cc vng khc, tr vng (a) : 0

b
C ': H s bo th tch. Tuy nhin, nu
b
C ln hn 0,85 th ly
b
C ' bng 0,85.
(2) nhng tu kt cu theo h thng dc, chiu dy tn mn phi khng nh hn tr s
tnh theo cng thc:
1 2 1
C C S d 0,125D 0,05L' h 2,5 + + + (mm)
Trong :
S : Khong cch gia cc sn dc (m).
L : Chiu di ca tu nh quy nh (1) (m).
C
1
: Nh quy nh (1).
C
2
: H s c tnh theo cng thc sau y, nhng trong mi trng hp phi
khng nh hn 3,78:
13
24 x o

o : H s quy nh (1).
x : c cho (1).
14.3.3 Di tn mp mn on gia tu
Chiu dy ca di tn mp mn k vi boong tnh ton on gia tu phi khng nh
hn 0,75 chiu dy ca mp ca boong tnh ton. Trong mi trng hp chiu dy ca tn
mp mn phi khng nh hn chiu dy ca tn mn k vi n.
14.3.4 Chiu dy ca tn y
Chiu dy ca tn y phi theo cc yu cu (1) v (2) sau y:
(1) nhng tu kt cu theo h thng ngang, chiu dy tn y phi khng nh hn tr
+ + +
1 2 1
C C S d 0,035L' h 2,5 (mm)
Trong :
S : Khong cch gia cc sn ngang (m).
L : Chiu di ca tu nh quy nh 14.3.2 (1) (m).
h
1
: Chiu cao ct p quy nh 14.3.2 (1).
C
1
: H s quy nh 14.3.2 (1).
C
2
: H s c cho nh sau:
2
B
91
576 (15,5f x)

f
B
v x: Nh quy nh 14.3.2 (1).
(2) nhng tu kt cu theo h thng dc chiu dy tn y phi khng nh hn tr s
+ + +
1 2 1
C C S d 0,035L' h 2,5 (mm)
Trong :
S : Khong cch gia cc dm dc y (m).
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290
L, C
1
v h
1
: Nh quy nh 14.3.2 (1).
C
2
: H s c cho nh sau, tuy nhin nu n nh hn 3,78 th c ly bng
3,78:
B
13
24 15,5f x

f
B
v x : Nh quy nh 14.3.2 (1).
14.3.5 Di tn hng on gia tu
1 Chiu dy ca di tn hng on gia tu phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc
sau y, tuy nhin cng phi khng nh hn chiu dy ca di tn y k vi n:

+ | |
+ + +
`
|
\ .

)
2
3
5
2 a b
5,22(d 0,035L') R l 2,5
2
(mm)
Trong :
R : Bn knh cong hng (m).
a v b: Khong cch t cnh di v cnh trn ca cung hng n cc dm dc
tng ng gn nht vi cc cnh . Khong cch ly ra pha ngoi ca
cung hng c coi l dng (m). Tuy nhin, nu (a+b) l m th ly (a+b) =
0
(xem Hnh 2A/14.1).
L : Nh quy nh 14.3.2.
l : Khong cch gia cc ngang c, cc sng ngang y hoc cc m
hng (m).
2 Trong h thng kt cu dc, nu hng tu c mt s dm dc b khuyt th cc dm dc
phi c gng c t gn cung hng v phi m bo tnh lin tc ca bn.
3 Nu vng hng c cc dm dc c t theo khong cch gn bng khong cch cc
dm dc y th di tn hng c th ch cn tha mn cc yu cu 14.3.4 m khng cn
xt n cc yu cu -1.

14.4 Nhng yu cu c bit i vi tn bao
14.4.1 Tn bao vng c mn loe qu ln
vng c mn loe qu ln phi quan tm c bit n bin php gia cng tn bao
chng tc ng va p, v.v..., mi tu.
14.4.2 Gia cng tn bao khi khong cch c cu o theo tn bao sai khc qu nhiu
Hnh 2A/14.1 o a v b

R
a
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291
so vi khong cch sn
Nu khong cch np o theo tn bao bi sn sai khc qu nhiu so vi khong
cch sn th tn bao phi c gia cng ty theo khong cch np th d bng cch
tng chiu dy.
14.4.3 Tn bao on ui ca nhng tu c cng sut my qu ln
nhng tu c cng sut my qu ln so vi chiu di ca tu th phi quan tm thch
ng n bin php gia cng tn bao ui tu chng rung.
14.4.4 Tn bao y on mi tu
Chiu dy tn bao on y gia cng mi tu quy nh 4.8.2 phi tha mn cc yu
cu (1), (2) v (3) sau y. Nu trong iu kin dn tu c chiu chm mi qu nh v
nu tu c vn tc qu ln so vi chiu di tu th chiu dy ca tn bao phi c xem
xt c bit.
(1) nhng tu trong iu kin dn c chiu chm mi khng ln hn 0,025 L, chiu dy
tn bao on y gia cng mi tu phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc
sau y, trong L ly nh c quy nh 14.3.2.
= + t CS P 2,5 (mm)
Trong :
C : H s c cho Bng 2A/14.1. Vi cc tr s trung gian ca o th C c
o : T s ca khong cch sn, hoc khong cch sng hoc khong cch
np dc ca tn bao (m), ly tr s no ln nht, chia cho S.
S : Khong cch gia cc sn, khong cch gia cc sng hoc khong cch
gia cc np dc ca tn bao ly tr s no nh nht (m).
P : p sut va p ca sng (kPa) quy nh 4.8.4.
o 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 > 2,0
C 1,04 1,17 1,24 1,29 1,32 1,33
(2) nhng tu trong iu kin dn c chiu chm mi khng nh hn 0,037 L, chiu dy
tn bao on y gia cng mi tu phi khng nh hn tr s quy nh 14.3.4,
hoc tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y, ly tr s no ln hn. L c nh ngha nh
14.3.2.
+ 1,34S L 2,5 (mm)
Trong :
S : Khong cch gia cc sn, khong cch gia cc sng hoc khong cch
gia cc np ca tn bao, ly khong cch no nh nht (m).
(3) nhng tu c chiu chm mi bng trung gian gia cc tr s quy nh (1) v (2),
chiu dy ca tn bao on y gia cng mi tu c tnh theo php ni suy
tuyn tnh.
14.4.5 Tn bao k vi sng ui hoc trong vng u t trc
Tn bao k vi sng ui hoc trong vng u t trc phi c chiu dy khng nh hn tr
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292
s tnh theo cng thc sau y. Tuy nhin, nu khong cch gia cc sn ngang trong
khoang ui ln hn 610 mi-li-mt, hoc nu chiu di tu ln hn 200 mt th chiu dy
ni trn phi tha mn yu cu ca ng kim.
+ 0,09L 4,5 (mm)
14.5 Tn mn vng thng tng
14.5.1 Tn mn vng thng tng trong trng hp boong thng tng khng phi
l boong tnh ton
Nu boong thng tng khng phi l boong tnh ton th chiu dy tn mn thng tng
phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y, nhng trong mi trng hp phi
khng nh hn 5,5 mi-li-mt. Tn mn ca nhng thng tng c chiu di ln hn
0,15 L, tr nhng thng tng on mi v on ui tu, phi c chiu dy c tng
thch ng.
on t mi tu n 0,25 L k t mi tu: t 1,15S L 2,0 = + (mm)
Cc vng khc: t 0,94S L 2,0 = + (mm)
Trong :
S: Khong cch gia cc sn dc hoc sn ngang ti v tr ang xt (m).
14.6 Gia cng bi thng cc mt thng tng
14.6.1 Phng php gia cng
Vng ngt ca thng tng phi c gia cng theo cc yu cu t (1) n (3) sau y:
(1) Mp mn k vi boong tnh ton pha ngoi thng tng phi c ko thm vo
pha trong thng tng v chiu dy phi c tng t nht l 20% so vi tr s bnh
thng ca chiu dy mp mn ch khng c thng tng, trn mt khong vo
bn trong v ra bn ngoi mt thng tng.
(2) Tn mn thng tng phi c vn xa ra ngoi mt thng tng v c gim dn
xung mp mn boong trn trnh s thay i t ngt hnh dng ch ngt.
Chiu dy tn mn mt thng tng phi c tng 20% so vi chiu dy bnh
thng ca tn mn thng tng.
(3) Vi nhng vng ngt ca thng tng on mi v on ui tu, nhng yu cu
(1) v (2) c th c thay i thch hp.
14.6.2 L khot tn bao
Ca ln tu, ca thot sng v cc l khot tn bao hoc mn chn sng phi cch xa
vng ngt. Nu bt buc phi c l khot gn ch ngt th l khot phi c gng nh v
c dng hnh trn hoc van.
14.7 Bi thng cc b tn bao
Cc l khot tn bao phi c gc ln v phi c bi thng cn thit.
14.7.2 Chiu dy ca hp van thng bin
Nu hp van thng bin c t tn bao ht hoc x nc bin th chiu dy ca
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hp van thng bin phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y v phi c
gia cng thch ng m bo cng cn thit. Tuy nhin, chiu dy phi khng
nh hn chiu dy yu cu ca tn bao ch t hp van thng bin:
+ L 2,0 (mm)
14.7.3 Vng t ca hng ha v ca ln tu
Cc l khot t ca hng ha, ca ln tu, v.v..., phi xa vng gin on ca kt
cu thn tu v ch b khot phi c gia cng bi thng cc b m bo bn
dc v bn ngang ca thn tu.
14.7.4 Tn bao ch t ng lun neo v pha di ng lun neo
Tn bao ch t ng lun neo v pha di ng lun neo phi c chiu dy tng hoc
phi l tm kp v phi c kt cu sao cho mp dc ca chng khng b neo hoc xch
neo lm h hi.

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CHNG 15 BOONG
15.1 Quy nh chung
15.1.1 Tn boong
Tr phn l khot boong, v.v..., tn boong phi i t mn ny sang mn kia. Tuy nhin,
nu c ng kim chp nhn th tn boong c th ch gm tm mp boong v tm tn
ging.
15.1.2 Tnh kn nc ca boong
1 Cc boong kn nc, tr cc ming khoang v cc l khot khc b tr theo quy nh
Chng 18 phi m bo kn nc. Tuy nhin, cc boong thi tit c th ch cn kn thi
tit nu c ng kim chp nhn.
2 Cn quan tm c bit n kh nng nc trn vo cc khoang nm di boong vch ca
khoang ro-ro.
3 Cn quan tm c bit n vic duy tr tnh kn nc khi cc boong yu cu phi kn nc
theo quy nh Phn 9 Phn khoang.
15.1.3 Tnh lin tc ca bc boong
Nu boong tnh ton hoc cc boong chu lc (Boong pha di boong tnh ton c
coi l c cu chu lc trong bn dc ca thn tu) thay i cao th s thay i
phi c thc hin theo dc dn dn hoc mi c cu boong phi c ko di v
phi c lin kt cht ch vi nhau bng cc tm ngn, sng, m, v.v..., v phi c bit
quan tm n tnh lin tc ca bn.
15.1.4 Gia cng bi thng l khot
Ming khoang hoc cc l khot khc boong tnh ton hoc boong chu lc phi c gc
ln v phi c bin php gia cng bi thng thch ng.
15.1.5 Mp boong ln
Mp boong ln, nu c s dng, phi c bn knh ln ln ty theo chiu dy ca
n.
15.2 Din tch tit din hiu dng ca boong tnh ton
15.2.1 nh ngha
Din tch tit din hiu dng ca boong tnh ton l din tch tit din mi bn mn tu
ca tn boong, x dc boong, sng dc boong, v.v..., ko di trn on 0,5 L gia tu.
15.2.2 Din tch tit din hiu dng ca boong tnh ton
1 Din tch tit din hiu dng on gia ca cc tu m m un chng un ca tit din
ngang thn tu c quy nh Chng 13, phi c xc nh tha mn cc yu cu
ca Chng 13.
2 Ra ngoi on gia tu, din tch tit din hiu dng ca boong tnh ton c th c gim
dn k t hai mt ca on gia tu. Tuy nhin, cc tr s v tr 0,15 L k t ui tu v t
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mi tu phi khng nh hn 0,4 ln tr s im gia ca L, nu tu c bung my on
gia tu v khng nh hn 0,5 ln tr s im gia ca L, nu tu c bung my ui tu.
3 Nu m un chng un ca tit din ngang thn tu ngoi on gia tu ln hn tr s
c ng kim xt duyt th nhng yu cu ca mnh b sung ca -2 c th khng
cn phi p dng.
15.2.3 Boong tnh ton ngoi cc vng 0,15 L tnh t mi mt
ngoi cc vng 0,15 L tnh t mi mt tu din tch tit din hiu dng ca boong tnh
ton v chiu dy tn boong tnh ton c th c gim dn trnh s thay i t ngt.
15.2.4 Din tch tit din hiu dng ca boong tnh ton trong thng tng ui di
Mc d cc yu cu 15.2.2, din tch tit din hiu dng ca boong tnh ton trong
thng tng ui di c th c thay i thch hp.
15.2.5 Boong ca thng tng khi c thit k l boong tnh ton
Nu boong thng tng c thit k lm boong tnh ton th tn boong tnh ton ngoi
thng tng phi c ko di vo pha trong thng tng mt on chng 0,05 L m
khng gim din tch tit din hiu dng v sau c th c gim dn khi i vo pha
trong.
15.3 Tn boong
15.3.1 Chiu dy ca tn boong
1 Chiu dy ca tn boong (t) phi theo cc quy nh (1) v (2) sau y, tuy nhin, trong cc
khng gian kn nh thng tng, lu, v.v..., chiu dy ca tn boong c th c gim
1 mi-li-mt.
(1) Chiu dy ca tn boong tnh ton c xc nh nh sau:
(a) Pha ngoi vng ng ming khot on gia tu c x dc boong:
1,47CS h 2,5 + (mm)
Trong :
S : Khong cch gia cc x dc boong (m).
C : H s tnh theo cng thc sau y:
L'
0,905
2430
+
L: Chiu di tu (m), tuy nhin nu L bng v nh hn 230 mt th ly
L' bng 230 mt v nu L bng v ln hn 400 mt th ly L bng
400 mt.
2
).
(b) Pha ngoi vng ng ming khot on gia tu c x ngang boong:
1,63CS h 2,5 + (mm)
Trong :
S : Khong cch gia cc x ngang boong (m).
C v h : Nh quy nh (a).
(c) cc vng khc ngoi cc vng quy nh (a) v (b):
1,25CS h 2,5 + (mm)
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Trong :
S: Khong cch gia cc x dc hoc cc x ngang (m).
C v h: Nh quy nh (a).
(2) Chiu dy tn boong khng phi l boong tnh ton c ly nh sau:
+ 1,25CS h 2,5 (mm)
Trong :
S, C v h: Nh quy nh (1)(c).
2 Nu cc vng gia cc ng ming khot ln c kt cu theo h thng dc th phi
quan tm thch ng n bin php chng mt n nh cho tn boong.
15.3.2 Tn boong to thnh nc kt
Chiu dy ca tn boong to thnh nc kt phi khng nh hn tr s yu cu 12.2.7
cho vch ca kt su vi khong cch ca x boong l khong cch np.
15.3.3 Tn boong to thnh hm vch
Chiu dy ca tn boong to thnh nc hm trc, nc hm chn hoc hm vch phi
khng nh hn tr s yu cu 11.2.8-2 i vi tn vch kn nc vi khong cch x
boong l khong cch np.
15.3.4 Tn boong di ni hi hoc boong cha hng ng lnh
1 Chiu dy ca tn boong chu lc di ni hi phi c tng 3 mi-li-mt so vi chiu
dy bnh thng.
2 Chiu dy ca tn boong cha hng ng lnh phi c tng 1 mi-li-mt so vi chiu
dy bnh thng. Nu c phng tin bo v chng han g th chiu dy tn boong khng
cn phi c tng.
15.3.5 Chiu dy ca tn boong chu ti trng t xe c bnh
Chiu dy ca tn boong chu ti trng xe c bnh phi c xc nh theo ti trng tp
trung do xe c bnh.
15.3.6 Boong ch hng khc thng
Chiu dy tn boong chu ti do xp hng m c th khng c coi l ti phn b u
phi c tnh ton c xt n phn b ti trng ca hng ho thng thng.
15.4 Hp cht ph boong
15.4.1 Quy nh chung
Hp cht ph boong phi l hp cht khng hy hoi thp hoc phi c cch ly vi
thp bng lp bo v thch hp. Hp cht phi c ph chc chn ln boong, khng gy
nt gy trc, v.v... (Xem 2.7.1-2 v 2.7.1-3 Phn 5).
15.5 Kt cu boong xe di chuyn
1 Nhng quy nh mc ny p dng cho cc kt cu boong xe di chuyn;
2 Khi xem xt hnh dng, ti trng thit k, v.v ca tm boong, cc kt cu ca boong
xe di chuyn c b tr ph hp;
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3 Lin kt ca cc c cu vi cc c cu thn tu phi thch hp trnh tp trung ng
sut. Nu cn thit, th phi gia cng thch ng bng cch t cc np, cc m, v.v;
4 Trong trng hp cc tm tn boong c treo bng nhng cp, th cp ny phi tho
mn quy nh Phn 7B hoc tiu chun tng ng c ng kim chp nhn, v
phi ph hp vi vic x l chng n mn. H s an ton (k
r
) ca cp thp khng c
nh hn tr s sau y, nhng khng ln hn 4:
4
r
10
k
8,85W 1910
=
+

Trong :
W: ti trng lm vic an ton, tn.
5 Kch thc ca cc c cu phi c xc nh chu ng c ti trng thit k quy
nh 10.7.2-2(1), vi ng sut cho php nh sau:
- ng sut tip:
F
0,34 = o N/mm
2
- ng sut un:
F
0,50 o = o N/mm
2
- ng sut tng ng: = + =
2 2
e F
3 0,64 N/mm
2

F
o : Gii hn chy hoc ng sut th ca vt liu, N/mm
2

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CHNG 16 THNG TNG
16.1 Quy nh chung
16.1.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Tu phi c thng tng mi. Tuy nhin, i vi nhng tu khc vi nhng tu nh
ngha 1.2.9 Phn 1A, c th khng c thng tng mi nu mn kh mi tu c ng
kim tha nhn l .
2 Kt cu v kch thc thng tng phi tha mn nhng yu cu ca Chng ny v cc
quy nh khc c lin quan.
3 Cc yu cu Chng ny c p dng cho cc thng tng n tng ba pha trn
boong mn kh. Kt cu v kch thc ca cc thng tng pha trn tng ba phi c
ng kim xem xt v quyt nh.
4 Vi nhng thng tng ca nhng tu c mn kh qu ln, kt cu ca cc vch mt c
th c thay i thch hp theo s tha thun vi ng kim.
16.2 Vch mt ca thng tng
16.2.1 Ct p h
1 Ct p tnh ton kch thc vch mt ca thng tng phi khng nh hn tr s tnh
theo cng thc sau y:
a(bf y) (m)
Trong :
a : c cho theo cc cng thc sau y:
= +
L'
a 2,0
120
: i vi vch trc l ca thng tng tng 1
= +
L'
a 1,0
120
: i vi vch trc l ca thng tng tng hai
= +
L'
a 0,5
150
: i vi vch trc l ca thng tng tng ba v cc
vch trc c bo v
= +
L' x
a 0,7 0,8
1000 L
: i vi vch sau pha sau ca sn gia
= +
L' x
a 0,5 0,4
1000 L
: i vi vch sau pha trc ca sn gia
L' : Chiu di tu (m), tuy nhin, nu L ln hn 300 mt th ly L' bng 300 mt.
b : c cho theo cng thc sau y:
| |
|
+
|
+
|
\ .
2
b1
x
0,45
L
1,0
C 0,2
: Nu
x
L
< 0,45
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299
| |
|
+
|
+
|
\ .
2
b1
x
0,45
L
1,0 1,5
C 0,2
: Nu
x
L
> 0,45.
x : Khong cch t vch n ng vung gc ui (m).
C
b1
: H s bo th tch. Tuy nhin, nu C
b
nh hn 0,6 th C
b1
phi c ly bng
0,6. Nu C
b
ln hn hoc bng 0,8 th C
b1
phi c ly bng 0,8. Trong tnh
ton b cho vch sau nm pha trc sn gia C
b1
c ly bng 0,8.
f : Nh c cho Hnh 2A/16.1.
y : Khong cch thng ng t ng trng ti thit k cc i n trung im ca
nhp np, nu cn xc nh kch thc ca np v n trung im ca tm tn
nu cn xc nh chiu dy ca tn vch (m).
2 Ct p phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cc cng thc cho Bng 2A/16.1, khng ph
thuc vo quy nh -1.

Hnh 2A/16.1 Tr s ca f
Bng 2A/16.1 Ct p
Vch trc l ca thng tng tng mt Cc vch khc
L s 250 m
L > 250 m
L
2,5
100
+ (m)
5,0 m
L
1,25
200
+ (m)
2,5 m
16.2.2 Chiu dy ca tn vch
1 Chiu dy ca tn vch mt thng tng phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc
sau y:
= t 3S h (mm)
Trong :
h: Ct p quy nh 16.2.1 (m).
S: Khong cch gia cc np (m).
30 50 100 150 200 250 300 L (m)
f

11,0
10,0
9,0
8,0
7,0
6,0
5,0
4,0
3,0
2,0
1,0
= f 11,03
L < 150 m
150 m s L < 300 m
L > 300 m
| |
= +
|
\ .
L 2
300
L L
f e 1,0
10 150

=
L
300
L
f e
10

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300
2 Khng ph thuc vo quy nh -1, chiu dy tn vch phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo
cng thc sau y, hoc 5 mi-li-mt, ly tr s no ln hn:
= +
L'
t 5,0
100
(mm): i vi tn vch ca thng tng tng 1.
= +
L'
t 4,0
100
(mm): i vi tn vch ca cc vch khc.
Trong :
L : Nh quy nh 16.2.1.
16.2.3 Np
1 M un chng un (Z) ca tit din np cc vch mt thng tng phi khng nh hn
2
3,5Shl (cm
3
)
Trong :
S v h : Nh quy nh 16.2.2.
l : Chiu cao ni boong (m). Tuy nhin, nu l nh hn 2 mt th phi ly bng 2 mt.
2 vch l ca thng tng, c hai mt np phi c hn vi tn boong, tr trng hp
c s chp nhn ca ng kim.
16.2.4 Vch mt ca boong dng
1 Mt trc ca boong dng phi t vch nguyn vn.
2 Chiu dy tn v kch thc ca np vch quy nh -1 phi khng nh hn tr s yu cu
18.2.2 v 18.2.3 coi vch nh l vch ca thng tng tng mt.
16.3 Cc phng tin ng m cc li ra vo vch mt thng tng
16.3.1 Cc phng tin ng m cc li ra vo
1 Cc ca cc li ra vo cc vch trc v sau thng tng kn phi tha mn cc yu
cu t (1) n (5) sau y:
(1) Ca phi bng thp hoc mt vt liu tng ng khc v phi c gn chc
thng xuyn vo vch.
(2) Ca phi c kt cu chc chn, phi c bn tng ng vi vch nguyn vn
v phi m bo kn nc khi ng.
(3) Phng tin m bo kn nc phi gm c vng m v thit b xit hoc nhng thit
b tng ng v phi c gn thng xuyn vo vch hoc vo ca.
(4) Ca phi c th thao tc ng m t c hai pha ca vch.
(5) Ca bn l phi c m ra pha ngoi.
2
(1) Chiu cao ngng ca nhng l khot quy nh (1) phi khng nh hn 380 mm
pha trn mt boong. i vi ngng dn vo cc l khot ti khng gian pha di
boong mn kh, chiu cao ny phi tho mn quy nh 18.4.2. Tuy nhin, chiu cao
ngng ln hn c th c ng kim yu cu nu cn thit.
(2) V nguyn tc, cc ngng ca tho lp c khng c php lp t.
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16.4 Nhng yu cu b sung i vi tu ch hng ri, ch qung v ch hng kt hp
Cc tu hng ri theo nh ngha 1.2.9 Phn 1A ca Quy chun phi c thng tng mi
ph hp vi cc yu cu sau y. Trn cc tu m khong cch t vch sau thng tng
mi n thnh ngang pha trc ca khoang hng gn mi nht rt nh hoc trn cc tu
m cc yu cu mc ny, v l do c bit no , khng p dng c th vic b tr
thng tng mi phi tho mn yu cu ca ng kim.
(1) Thng tng mi phi l thng tng kn.
(2) Thng tng mi phi nm trn boong mn kh v c vch sau nm trng hoc pha
trc vch trc khoang hng gn mi nht (Xem Hnh 2A/16.2).
(3) Chiu cao ca thng tng mi H
F
pha trn boong chnh phi khng nh hn tr s
cho (a) v (b) sau y, ly tr s no ln hn:
(a) H
C
+ 0,5 (m), trong H
C
l chiu cao ca thnh ngang pha trc ca khoang
hng gn mi nht.
(b) Chiu cao tiu chun ca thng tng cho Bng 2A/16.2. Vi cc tr s trung
gian ca L
f
chiu cao ny c xc nh theo php ni suy tuyn tnh.
(4) Khi p dng ti trng gim cho thnh ngang pha trc v np ca hm hng gn mi
nht nh quy nh 18.2.3-1(1)(a) v Bng 2A/18.8 mt cch tng ng th khong
cch nm ngang l
F
(m) t thnh ngang ming khoang n tt c cc im ca mp sau
ca thng tng mi phi tho mn cng thc sau:
s
F F C
l 5 H H
H
F
v H
C
: Ly nh quy nh (3).
(5) Khng c lp thnh chn nc trn boong thng tng mi nhm mc ch bo v
thnh hoc np ming khoang. Nu lp cho mc ch khc th thnh chn phi c
lp sao cho mp sau ca n ng tm tu phi nm pha trc mp sau ca
thng tng mi mt khong l
W
(m) theo phng nm ngang tho mn cng thc sau:
o
W B
l H / tan 20 >
H
B
: Chiu cao ca thnh chn nc pha trn thng tng mi.
Bng 2A/16.2 Chiu cao tiu chun ca thng tng
n v tnh: m
Chiu di o mn kh L
f
Chiu cao tiu chun (H
C
) ca thng tng
s 75 1,80
s 125 2,30

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Ming hm hng
l
w

H
B

H
C

l
F

H
F

Hnh 2A/16.2 V tr t thng tng mi
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CHNG 17 LU
17.1 Quy nh chung
17.1.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Kt cu v kch thc c cu ca lu phi tha mn Chng ny v cc quy nh khc c
lin quan.
2 Nhng yu cu ca Chng ny c p dng cho lu n tng ba pha trn boong
mn kh. Vi lu pha trn tng ba, kt cu v kch thc c cu phi c ng kim
chp thun.
3 i vi lu nhng tu c mn kh qu ln, kt cu ca vch c th c thay i thch
hp, khi c ng kim chp thun.
17.2 Kt cu
17.2.1 Ct p h
1 Ct p tnh ton kch thc c cu cc vch bin ca lu phi khng nh hn tr s
ac(bf y) (m)
Trong :
a : c tnh theo cc cng thc sau y:
= +
L'
a 2,0
120
: i vi vch trc l ca lu tng 1.
= +
L'
a 1,0
120
: i vi vch trc l ca lu tng hai.
= +
L'
a 0,5
150
: i vi vch trc l ca lu tng ba, vch bn v
vch trc c bo v ca lu.
= +
L' x
a 0,7 0,8
1000 L
: i vi vch sau pha sau ca sn gia.
= +
L' x
a 0,5 0,4
1000 L
: i vi vch sau pha trc ca sn gia.
L: Chiu di ca tu (m). Tuy nhin, nu L ln hn 300 mt th ly L bng 300 mt.
b: c cho theo cng thc sau y:
| |
|
= +
|
+
|
\ .
2
b1
x
0,45
L
b 1,0
C 0,2
: Nu
x
L
< 0,45.
| |
|
= +
|
+
|
\ .
2
b1
x
0,45
L
b 1,0 1,5
C 0,2
: Nu
x
L
> 0,45.
x: Khong cch t vch mt n ng vung gc ui hoc khong cch t trung
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304
im ca vch bn n ng vung gc ui (m). Tuy nhin, nu chiu di ca
lu ln hn 0,15 L th vch bn phi c chia thnh nhng on gn bng nhau
v khng di qu 0,15 L v ly x l khong cch t trung im ca mi on
n ng vung gc ui.
C
b1
: H s bo th tch. Tuy nhin, nu C
b
nh hn v bng 0,6 th ly C
b1
bng 0,6 v
nu C
b
bng v ln hn 0,8 th ly C
b1
bng 0,8. Trong tnh ton b i vi cc
vch sau pha trc sn gia, C
b1
phi c ly bng 0,8.
f: c cho Hnh 2A/16.1.
c: c cho theo cng thc sau y. Tuy nhin, nu
b'
B'
nh hn 0,25 th ly
b'
B'

bng 0,25.
= +
b'
c 0,3 0,7
B'

b : Chiu rng ca lu ti v tr ang xt (m).
B : Chiu rng ca tu boong l ti v tr ang xt (m).
y: Khong cch thng ng t ng ti trng thit k cc i n trung im ca
nhp np, nu cn xc nh kch thc ca np v n trung im ca tm tn
vch nu cn xc nh chiu dy ca tn vch bin (m).
2 Khng ph thuc vo cc quy nh -1, ct p phi khng nh hn tr s tnh t cc cng
thc ca Bng 2A/17.1.
Bng 2A/17.1 Ct p
Vch trc l ca lu tng 1 Cc vch khc
L s 250 m

L > 250 m
+
L
2,5
100
(m)
5,0 m
+
L
1,25
200
(m)
2,5 m
17.2.2 Chiu dy ca tn vch bin v kch thc ca np
1 Chiu dy ca tn vch bin v kch thc ca np phi khng nh hn cc tr s tng
ng yu cu 16.2.2 v 16.2.3 ly ct p h theo quy nh 17.2.1.
2 C hai mt ca np vch bin l ca lu phi c hn vi tn boong, tr trng hp
c ng kim chp thun.
17.2.3 Cc phng tin ng m cc li ra vo
1 Cc li ra vo ca lu bo v cc ng ra vo cc khng gian di boong mn kh hoc
cc khng gian trong thng tng kn t nht phi c cc phng tin ng m tha mn
cc yu cu 16.3. Tuy nhin, nu cu thang c quy kn bng cc vch bin c cc
phng tin ng m tha mn cc yu cu 16.3 th cc ca ngoi khng cn thit phi
kn thi tit.
2 Cc l khot trn nc ca lu boong dng hoc thng tng c chiu cao nh hn chiu
cao tiu chun, m lu ny c chiu cao bng hoc ln hn chiu cao tiu chun ca
boong dng th phi c phng tin ng kn c chp nhn nhng khng cn phi
c bo v bi lu hoc chi boong nu chiu cao ca lu t nht bng chiu cao tiu
chun ca thng tng. Cc l khot trn nc ca lu nm trn mt lu khc m c
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

305
chiu cao nh hn chiu cao tiu chun ca thng tng c th c b tr tng t nh
vy.
17.2.4 Gia cng kt cu di cc lu
1 Nu lu c b tr ngay trn vch ngang hoc vch dc th phi quan tm c bit n
mi ni gia lu v kt cu boong c gng khng lm mt tnh lin tc.
2 ngay pha trn ca cc vch, sn khe hoc sng di boong, vch bn v vch mt
ca cc lu c kch thc ln phi c gia cng bng cc on vch hoc cc np c
bit t cch nhau khng xa qu 9 mt.
3 gn cc mt ca lu di phi c bit quan tm n cc kt cu lin kt cc vch bin
ca lu vi boong. Cc vch bin phi c kt cu thch hp m bo tnh lin tc
ca bn v trnh tp trung ng sut.
4 Cc mi ni gia lu tr cu v kt cu boong phi c kt cu thch hp sao cho cc x
boong hoc c cu dc b tr bn di cc vch bin ca lu, v.v..., trnh tp trung
ng sut.
17.2.5 Lu di cc vng chu ti t cc thit b c bit nng
Lu di cc vng chu ti t cc thit b c bit nng nh xung cu sinh, my mc
trn boong, v.v..., phi c gia cng thch ng.
17.2.6 Lu cc boong tng trn
i vi cc lu cc boong tng trn phi c bin php chng rung bng cch c gng
t cc vch bn v cc ct chng ca cc tng lu trong cng mt mt phng.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

306
CHNG 18 MING KHOANG, MING BUNG MY V
CC L KHOT KHC BOONG
18.1 Quy nh chung
18.1.1 Min gim so vi cc yu cu
Nhng tu c mn kh qu ln c th c xem xt c bit min gim cc yu cu
ca Chng ny.
18.1.2 V tr ca cc ming khot boong l
Trong Chng ny, hai v tr ming khot boong l c nh ngha nh sau:
V tr I: boong mn kh l, boong ui nng l v boong thng tng l pha trc
ca im 0,25 L
f
sau mt trc ca L
f
.
V tr II: Nm trn cc boong thng tng l pha sau im 0,25 L
f
pha sau mt trc
ca L
f
v cao t nht bng chiu cao tiu chun ca thng tng pha trn
ca boong mn kh, hoc
Nm trn boong thng tng l pha trc ca im 0,25 L
f
pha sau mt trc ca L
f
v
cao t nht hai ln chiu cao tiu chun ca thng tng pha trn boong mn kh.
18.1.3 Chiu dy thay mi ca np ming khoang bng thp v thnh ming khoang i
vi cc tu ang khai thc
Cc bn v kt cu ca np ming khoang v thnh ming khoang tho mn yu cu
18.2 phi ch r chiu dy thay mi (t
renewal
) ca mi c cu tnh theo cng thc sau y
cn c vo chiu dy khi ng tu (t
as-built
). Nu chiu dy t tng ln bao gm trong chiu
dy khi ng tu th tr s ny c th thay i nu c ng kim chp nhn.
t
renewal
=t
as-built
- t
c
+0,5 (mm)
t
c
: Lng b sung cho mn g quy nh Bng 2A/18.2.3-1.
Trng hp lng b sung cho mn g t
c
l 1,0 mi-li-mt, chiu dy thay mi c th c
tnh theo cng thc: t
renewal
=t
as-built
- t
c
(mm)
18.2 Ming khoang
18.2.1 Phm vi p dng
Kt cu v phng tin ng m ca ming khoang hng v cc ming khoang khc phi
tha mn cc yu cu ca 18.2.
18.2.2 Chiu cao ca thnh ming khoang
1 Chiu cao ca thnh ming khoang tnh t mt trn ca boong t nht phi bng 600 mi-li-
mt i vi v tr I v 450 mi-li-mt i vi v tr II.
2 Vi nhng ming khoang c ng m bng np thp kn nc, chiu cao ca thnh
ming khoang c th c gim so vi quy nh -1 hoc nu c ng kim chp
thun c th hon ton khng c thnh ming khoang.
3 Chiu cao ca thnh ming khoang khng vng l ca boong mn kh hoc boong
thng tng phi tha mn yu cu ca ng kim c xt n v tr ca ming khoang v
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

307
mc bo v.
18.2.3 Kt cu ca thnh ming khoang
1 Quy cch kt cu ca thnh ming khoang phi khng c nh hn tr s c tnh ton
c b sung thm lng mn g l 1,5 mm vo tr s tnh theo cc yu cu sau y. i vi
thnh ngang u ming khoang, cc yu cu ngoi yu cu (2)(b) khng cn thit phi
p dng.
(1) Ti trng sng thit k P
coam
(kN/m
2
) phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo (a) hoc (b)
di y ty theo kiu tu.
(a) Tu hng ri nh ngha 1.2.9, Phn 1A ca Quy chun.
(i) Thnh ngang u ming pha trc ca khoang hng gn mi tu nht:
P
coam
=290 (kN/m
2
)
(ii) Cc thnh ming khoang ngoi vng quy nh (i) trn
P
coam
=220 (kN/m
2
)
(b) Cc tu khng phi tu nu (a) trn
Ti trng P
coam
(kN/m
2
) c cho (i) v (ii) di y. Tuy nhin, i vi tu c
mn kh ln khc thng, tr s P
coam
(kN/m
2
) c th thay i thch hp.
(i) Thnh ngang u ming pha trc ca khoang hng gn mi tu nht:
P
coam
=290 (kN/m
2
)
Tuy nhin, nu thng tng mi tha mn yu cu 16.4 c b tr th ti trng
ny c th gim xung cn 220 (kN/m
2
).
(ii) Cc thnh ming khoang ngoi vng quy nh (i) trn
P
coam
=220 (kN/m
2
)
Tuy nhin, nu mt thnh ngang u pha trc ca ming khoang c bo v
bi thnh ngang u ming khoang k cn pha trc hoc kt cu ngn hu hiu tc
ng ca sng bin th ti trng ny c th gim thch hp.
(2) Chiu dy hu hiu cc b ca tn thnh ming khoang phi khng nh hn tr s tnh
theo yu cu sau y.
(a) Thnh ngang u ming pha trc v thnh dc
=
coam
coam,net
a,coam
1,15P
t 14,9
(mm), nhng khng nh hn 9,5 mm.

S : Khong cch np ph (m)
P
coam
: Nh quy nh (1) trn
o
a,coam
=0,95o
F

o
F
: ng sut chy hoc ng sut chy quy c ti thiu trn ca vt liu
(N/mm
2
).
(b) i vi thnh ngang u ming pha sau
Nu L nh hn v bng 100 m: 4,5 +0,05L (mm)
Nu L ln hn 100 m: 9,5 (mm)
(3) M un chng un hu hiu ca tit din ngang np ph ca thnh ming khoang,
trn c s chiu dy hu hiu ca c cu, phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng
thc sau y:
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

308
2
coam
net
p a,coam
1150l SP
Z
mc
= (cm
3
)
M : 16 vi cc trng hp chung
12 vi cc on nhp cui b vt mt ca np gc ming khoang
l: Nhp ca cc np ph (m)
S, P
coam
v o
a,coam
: Nh quy nh (2) trn
c
p
: T s ca m un tit din do chia cho m un tit din n hi ca np ph
vi chiu rng ca mp km l 40t
net
(mm), trong t
net
l chiu dy hu hiu
ca tm. Tr s ny c th ly bng 1,16 nu khng yu cu phi nh gi vi
chnh xc cao hn.
(4) Kch thc hu hiu ca ct np thnh ming khoang phi ph hp vi cc yu cu
t (a) n (c) di y.
(a) M un chng un tit din v chiu dy hu hiu ca ct np c tnh ton nh
cc x boong vi bn mp hn vi tn boong hoc vt u bn mp v gn m
(xem Hnh 2A/18.1) ch lin kt vi tn boong, da trn c s chiu dy hu
hiu ca kt cu, phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cc cng thc sau:
=
2
C coam
net
a,coam
1000H SP
Z
2
(cm
3
)
C coam
w,net
a,coam
1000H SP
t
h
=
t
(mm)
H
C
: Chiu cao ct np (m)
S : Khong cch ct np (m)
h : Chiu cao tit din ct np ti ch lin kt vi boong (mm)
P
coam
v o
a,coam
: Ly nh quy nh (2)
t
coam
=0,5 o
F

(b) Khi tnh m un chng un tit din ca ct np, din tch tit din bn mp c
a vo tnh ton ch khi bn mp c hn ngu hon ton vi tn boong v
pha di boong phi c kt cu thch hp m bo truyn c lc cho n.
(c) Nu ct np c thit k khc so vi quy nh (a) trn, th tr s ng sut sau
y phi c kim tra ti v tr ng sut ln nht.
ng sut un o
a
: 0,8 o
F

ng sut ct t
a
: 0,46 o
F

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

309

Hnh 2A/18.1 V d v ct np thnh ming khoang
2 Nhng thnh ming khoang v tr I v nhng thnh ming khoang v tr II c chiu cao
bng v ln hn 760 mi-li-mt phi c gia cng bng mt np gia cng nm ngang
t mt v tr thch hp di mp trn ca thnh. Chiu rng ca np gia cng phi
khng nh hn 180 mi-li-mt.
3 Thnh cn phi c gn cc m hoc cc ct np t trong vng t np gia cng nm
ngang quy nh -2 n boong cch nhau khong 3 mt.
4 mp trn, thnh ca nhng ming khoang l phi c gia cng bng mt thanh c
tit din na trn hoc tit din tng ng. Mp di ca thnh phi c b mp
hoc c kt cu thch hp khc.
5 Vi nhng ming khot nh, kt cu v kch thc ca thnh c th thay i so vi yu
cu t -1 n -4.
6 Kt cu v kch thc ca cc thnh ming khoang c chiu cao ln hn 900 mi-li-mt,
ca thnh ming kt su v ca nhng thnh ming khoang ng m bng nhng thit b
c kiu c bit khng tha mn cc yu cu 18.2.3, phi tha mn yu cu ca ng
kim.
7 Vic thit k cc chi tit cc b phi tha mn yu cu sau y.
(1) Cc np ph ca thnh ming khoang phi lin tc trn sut chiu rng v chiu di
ca thnh ming khoang.
(2) Cc chi tit cc b ca kt cu phi c thit k sao cho lc trn np ming khoang
truyn c ln thnh ming khoang v qua truyn c ln boong pha di.
Cc thnh ming khoang v cc kt cu phi c gia cng thch hp dn
u c ti trng tc dng t cc np ming khoang theo cc hng dc, ngang v
thng ng.
(3) Cc kt cu di boong phi c kim tra chu c ti truyn t cc ct np,
bng cch s dng cc ng sut cho php nh quy nh -1(4) trn.
(4) Mi hn lin tc hai pha phi c s dng cho cc mi ni ca bn thnh ct np
vi tn boong v chiu cao mi hn phi khng nh hn 0,44t
w.gross
, trong t
w.gross
l
chiu dy danh ngha ca ct np.
(5) Hai gc ca bn thnh ct np phi c ni vi tn boong bng ng hn hai pha
ngu su trn mt on khng nh hn 15% chiu rng ca ct np.
18.2.4 X tho lp, np ming khoang, np hp bng thp v np thp kn thi tit
1 Quy nh chung
(1) Quy cch ca cc c cu ca np ming khoang bng thp, np hp bng thp v
np thp kn thi tit (t sau y gi l "np ming khoang bng thp"), v x tho lp
phi tha mn quy nh 18.2.4. Khi iu kin ti trng hoc dng ca kt cu khc
so vi quy nh mc ny, phng php tnh ton phi c ng kim xem xt
thch hp.
(2) Chiu dy ca cc c cu to thnh np ming khoang bng thp phi khng nh hn
tr s tnh c bng cch cng thm mt lng t
c
quy nh (3) vo chiu dy hiu
dng t
net
tnh theo yu cu 18.2.4.
(3) Lng b sung cho mn g t
c
c cho Bng 2A/18.1 tu thuc vo loi tu, kiu kt
cu v c cu ca np ming khoang bng thp.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

310
Bng 2A/18.1 Lng b sung cho mn g
(a) Tu hng ri
(1)

Lng b sung cho mn g t
c
(mm)
Kiu kt cu np
ming khoang bng thp
i vi tm nc,
tm bn v tm y
i vi kt cu bn trong
Np kiu tm n 2,0
Np kiu tm kp 2,0 1,5
(b) Tu khng phi loi nu (a) trn
Lng b sung cho mn g t
c
(mm)
Kiu kt cu np
ming khoang bng thp
i vi tm nc,
tm bn v tm y
i vi kt cu bn trong
Np kiu tm n 2,0
(2)

Np kiu tm kp 1,5 1,0
(1)
Tu hng ri nh ngha 1.3.1(13), Phn 1B ca Quy chun v cc tu d kin c
ng k theo Tu hng ri
(2)
Vi cc np thp nm cc khoang hng c ngn dng ch cng te n, lng b
sung cho mn g c th ly bng 1,0 mi-li-mt.
(4) ng sut un v ng sut ct cho php p dng cho np ming khoang bng thp
c quy nh nh Bng 2A/18.2.
Bng 2A/18.2 ng sut cho php
ng sut un (o
a
) ng sut ct (t
a
)
Np ming khoang bng thp v np
thp kn thi tit
0,8 o
F
0,46 o
F

X tho lp v np hp bng thp 0,68 o
F
0,39 o
F

Ch thch:
o
F
: L ng sut chy trung bnh pha trn hoc ng sut chy quy c ca vt liu (N/mm
2
).
(5) Trng hp kt cu kiu i cc hoc tng t khc, ng sut trn cc c cu
chnh ca np ming khoang bng thp phi c xc nh bng cch phn tch i
cc hoc phn tch thch hp khc. i vi cc c cu dng lm m hnh, quy cch
hu hiu phi c s dng.
(6) Quy cch kt cu ca np ming khoang bng thp dng xp hng v nm v tr
l phi ly bng tr s quy nh i vi np ming khoang bng thp v tr l quy nh
phn ny hoc tr s quy nh i vi np ming khoang bng thp dng xp
hng quy nh 18.2.5, ly gi tr no ln hn.
(7) Cc c cu chnh v c cu ph ca np ming khoang bng thp phi c
gng lin tc trn sut chiu di v chiu rng ca np ming khoang bng thp. Nu
iu ny khng th thc hin c th cng khng c php s dng mi lin kt vt
u bn mp v phi c bin php thch hp m bo kh nng chu ti trng hu
hiu.
(8) Mi ghp truyn ti trng gia cc tm np ming khoang phi c kt cu sao cho
hn ch c dch chuyn tng i theo phng thng ng.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

311
2 Ti trng sng thit k
Ti trng sng thit k P
w
(kN/m
2
) phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo Bng 2A/18.3. Nu
c t hai tm np ming khoang tr ln lin kt vi nhau bng bn l, th mi tm np phi
c xt ring.
Bng 2A/18.3 Ti trng sng thit k
(1)(2)
(kN/m
2
)
L
f
>100 m L
f
s 100 m
Vng 0,25 L
f
pha mi
( )
f
f
4x
34,3 14,8 L 100 a 1
L
| |
( + +
|

\ .
(3)(4)

f
f f
L 5x 3,6x
15,8 1
3 3L L
| |
+
|
\ .
(5)(6)

V tr I
Vng cn li 34,3 0,195L
f
+14,9
V tr II 25,5 9,81(1,1L
f
+87,6)/76
Ch thch:
(1)
a : 0,0726 i vi tu c mn kh kiu B
0,356 i vi tu c mn kh kiu B-60 hoc B-100
L
f
: Chiu di tnh mn kh ca tu quy nh 1.2.21 Phn 1A ca Quy chun (m). Tuy
nhin, nu L
f
ln hn 340 mt th phi ly bng 340 mt.
x : Khong cch t gia chiu di ca np ming khoang cn tnh n mt trc ca L
f
(m).
(2)
Trng hp np ming khoang l v tr khng phi l I hoc II, tr s ca ti trng sng s
c xem xt c bit.
(3)
Vi ming khoang v tr I nm cao t nht bng chiu cao tiu chun ca thng tng
pha trn boong mn kh th
(4)
Vi x tho lp P
w
c th c ly bng 34,3 (kN/m
2
).
(5)
Vi ming khoang v tr I nm cao t nht bng chiu cao tiu chun ca thng tng
pha trn boong mn kh th P
w
c th c ly bng 0,195 L
f
+14,9 (kN/m
2
).
(6)
Vi x tho lp P
w
c th c ly bng 0,195 L
f
+14,9 (kN/m
2
).
3 Chiu dy cc b hu hiu ca tn
Chiu dy cc b hu hiu t
net
ca tn nc ca np ming khoang bng thp phi khng
nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y nhng khng c nh hn 1% ca nhp np
hoc 6mm, ly tr s ln hn:
w
net p
F
P
t 15,8F S
0,95
=
o
(mm)
F
p
: H s tnh theo cng thc sau:
1,9 o/o
a
(khi o/o
a
> 0,8 i vi mp km ca cc c cu chnh)
1,5 (khi o/o
a
< 0,8 i vi mp km ca cc c cu chnh)
S : Khong cch np (m)
P
w
: Ti trng sng thit k quy nh -2 trn (kN/m
2
).
o
F
: L ng sut chy trung bnh pha trn hoc ng sut chy quy c ca vt liu
(N/mm
2
).
4 Quy cch hiu dng ca cc np ph
(1) M un chng un tit din hiu dng Z
net
ca cc np ph ca tm np ming
khoang, da trn c s chiu dy hiu dng ca np phi khng nh hn tr s tnh
theo cng thc sau. M un chng un tit din hiu dng ca np ph c xc nh
da trn chiu rng ca mp km gi nh bng khong cch np.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

312
2
w
net
a
1000SP l
Z
12
=
o
(cm
3
)
l : Nhp ca np ph (m) c ly bng khong cch (m) ca cc c cu chnh
v c cu ra ngoi ty iu kin c th. Khi c gn m hai u ca
tt c cc nhp ca np ph th nhp ca np ph c th c gim mt
lng tng cng bng 2/3 chiu di cnh lin kt nh nht ca m nhng
khng ln hn 10% ton b chiu di ca nhp, cho mi m.
P
w
: Ti trng sng thit k ly nh -2 trn (kN/m
2
)
o
a
: ng sut cho php thng thng quy nh -1 (4) trn
(2) Din tch tit din chu ct hiu dng A
net
ca np ph ca tp nc ca np ming
khoang phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau.
w
net
a
5SP l
A =
t
(cm
2
)
l, S v P
w
: Ly nh quy nh (1) trn
t
a
: Ly nh quy nh -1 (4) trn
(3) Vi cc np ph lm bng thp dt v cc np gia cng chng mt n nh tm,
cng thc sau y phi c p dng:
w,net
h
15 k
t
s
h: Chiu cao tit din ca np (mm)
t
w,net
: Chiu dy hiu dng ca np (mm)
k =235/o
F

o
F
: ng sut chy ti thiu trn hoc ng sut chy quy c ca vt liu (N/mm
2
)
5 Quy cch hiu dng ca cc c cu chnh v x tho lp
(1) Quy cch hiu dng ca cc c cu chnh ca np ming khoang bng thp n
thun c bi hai thnh ming khoang chu ti trng phn b u, v ca x tho
lp phi ph hp vi cng thc sau. i vi np ming khoang bng thp S v l phi
c ly tng ng bng b v S.
M un chng un tit din hiu dng ti gia nhp ca cc x tho lp hoc c cu
chnh:
2
w 1
net
a
1000SP l k
Z
8
=
o
(cm
3
)
M men qun tnh tit din hiu dng ti gia nhp ca x tho lp hoc c cu chnh:
3
w 2
net
0,0063SP l k
I =
(cm
4
)
Din tch tit din hiu dng ca cc tm thnh cc mt ca cc x tho lp hoc c
cu chnh:
w
net
a
5SP l
A =
t
(cm
2
)
S : Khong cch gia cc x tho lp hoc cc c cu chnh (m)
l : Chiu di nhp ca x tho lp hoc c cu chnh (m)
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

313
b : Chiu rng ca cc np ming khoang theo chiu ngang tu (m)
P
w
: Ti trng sng thit k quy nh -2 trn (kN/m
2
)
k
1
v k
2
: H s xc nh theo cc cng thc quy nh Bng 2A/18.4
o
a
v t
a
: Nh quy nh -1 (4) trn
: H s ly theo Bng 2A/18.5
(2) Khi tnh ng sut un v ng sut ct trn cc c cu ca np ming khoang bng
cch tnh ton trc tip, th cc gi tr tnh ton khi phi khng c ln hn tr s
cho php quy nh Bng 2A/18.2. Khi lp s tnh, phi s dng quy cch hiu
dng. Din tch di tn mp km A
F,net
(cm
2
) ca tn i km c xt n khi kim tra
iu kin bin dng v mt n nh ca cc c cu chnh tnh bng phng php
dng s dm hoc s i cc, phi c tnh nh sau. Trong trng hp ny,
cc np ph khng c a vo khi tnh mp km cho cc c cu chnh.
( )
F,net ef
nf
A 10b t =
(cm
2
)
nf : 2, nu mp km nm c hai bn ca bn thnh
1, nu mp km ch nm mt bn ca bn thnh
t

: Chiu dy hiu dng ca tm mp km ang xt (mm)
b
ef
: Na khong cch gia c cu chnh ang xt v c cu k cn nhng
khng c ly ln hn 0,165 l (m)
l : Nhp ca c cu chnh (m)
Bng 2A/18.4 H s k
1
v k
2

k
1

4 , 0 7
8 , 0 2 , 3
1
+
+
+

k
2

3 2 , 0
1
8 1
2
+
+

k
1
phi khng c ly nh hn 1,0
1
l
l
o =
,
1
0
I
I
| =
,
1
0
Z
y
Z
=

l: Chiu di ton b ca x tho lp (m)
l
1
: Khong cch t mt ca on lng tr n mt ca x tho lp (m)
I
0
: M men qun tnh tit din ti gia nhp (cm
4
)
I
1
: M men qun tnh tit din ti cc mt (cm
4
)
Z
0
: M un chng un tit din ti gia nhp (cm
3
)
Z
1
: M un chng un tit din ti cc mt (cm
3
)

Bng 2A/18.5 H s
I
1

Z
1

I
o

Z
o

l
1

l
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

314

Np ming khoang bng thp v np thp kn thi tit 0,0056
X tho lp v np thp dng hp 0,0044
(3) Khong cch gia cc c cu chnh t theo hng song song vi cc np ph
phi khng c ln hn 1/3 chiu di nhp ca cc c cu chnh.
(4) Chiu rng bn mp ca c cu chnh phi khng nh hn 40% chiu cao tit din
ca c cu khi chiu di nhp ln hn 3 m. Cc m chng vn ni vi bn mp c th
c coi l chng vn cho c cu chnh. Chiu rng phn bn ngoi ca bn mp
phi khng c ln hn 15 ln chiu dy hiu dng ca bn mp y.
6 Kim tra ng sut mt n nh
bn n nh ca cc c cu chnh ca np ming khoang bng thp phi ph hp vi
yu cu t (1) n (3) di y.
(1) bn n nh ca tm nc ca np ming khoang phi ph hp vi yu cu t (a)
ti (c) di y.
(a) ng sut nn trn cc tm np ming khoang gy ra do un ca cc c cu
chnh nm song vi hng ca cc np ph phi khng vt qu 0,8 ln tr s
ng sut mt n nh o
C1
, xc nh nh di y:
o
C1
=o
E1
khi
F
E1
2
o
o s
F
C1 F
E1
1
4
o
o = o
`
o
)
khi
F
E1
2
o
o >
o
F
: ng sut chy ti thiu bn trn hoc ng sut chy quy c ca vt liu
(N/mm
2
)
2
net
E1
t
3,6E
1000S
| |
o =
|
\ .

E : M un n hi ca vt liu i vi thp ly bng 2,0610
5
(N/mm
2
)
t
net
: Chiu dy hiu dng ca tm (mm)
S : Khong cch np ph (m)
(b) ng sut nn trong mi tm ca np ming khoang gy ra do s un ca cc c
cu chnh nm theo hng vung gc vi cc np ph phi khng c ln hn
0,8 ln tr s ng sut mt n nh o
C2
c xc nh nh sau:
C2 E2
o = o khi
F
E2
2
o
o s
F
C2 F
E2
1
4
o
o = o
`
o
)
khi
F
E2
2
o
o >
o
F
, E v t
net
: Nh quy nh (a) trn
net
E2
S
t
0,9mE
1000S
| |
o =
|
\ .

2
2
S
S
S 2,1
m c 1
l 1,1
(
| |
( = +
|
+ +
(
\ .

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

315
S
S
: Chiu di cnh ngn hn ca tm (m)
l
S
: Chiu di cnh di hn ca tm (m)
+ : T s gia tr s ng sut nn nh nht v tr s ln nht
C : H s xc nh ph thuc vo kiu ca np cnh nn c cho di y:
1,30 khi tm c gia cng bi cc c cu chnh
1,21 khi tm c gia cng bi np ph dng thp gc hoc ch T
1,10 khi tm c gia cng bi np ph c dng thp m
1,05 khi tm c gia cng bi thp dt
(c) ng sut nn hai trc trn cc tm np ming khoang khi tnh ton bng
phng php phn t hu hn (FEM) phi c ng kim chp nhn.
(2) ng sut nn trn tm mp ca np ph pht sinh do un ca cc c cu chnh nm
song song vi hng ca np ph phi khng ln hn 0,8 ln ng sut mt n nh
o
cs
xc nh nh sau:
CS ES
o = o khi
F
ES
2
o
o s
F
CS F
ES
1
4
o
o = o
`
o
)
khi
F
ES
2
o
o >
o
F
: ng sut chy ti thiu pha trn hoc ng sut chy quy c ca vt liu
(N/mm
2
)
o
ES
: o
E3
hoc o
E4
xc nh t cc cng thc sau y ly gi tr no nh hn
I
a,net
E3 2
net
0,001E
A l
o =
E : Nh quy nh (1)(a) trn
I
a,net
: M men qun tnh tit din ca np ph bao gm c tm mp km c
chiu rng bng khong cch np ph (cm
4
)
A
net
: Din tch tit din ngang ca np ph gm c tm mp km c chiu
rng bng khong cch np ph (cm
2
)
l : Chiu di nhp ca np ph (m)
I I
I I
2
2 w,net t,net
E4 4 2 2
p,net p,net
E k
m 0,385E
10 l m
t
| |
o = + +
|
\ .

I
4
6
4
w,net
Cl
K 10
E
=
t

m : Nh quy nh Bng 2A/18.6.
Bng 2A/18.6 Gi tr ca m
1 <K s 4 4 <K s 36 36 <K s 144 (m-1)
2
m
2
<K s m
2
(m+1)
2

m 1 2 3 m
I
w,net
: M men qun tnh tit din ca np ph xung quanh mi ni ca np vi
tm (cm
6
)
I
3 3
6 w w,net
w,net
h t
10
36

= vi np ph bng thp dt
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

316
I
3 2
6 f,net f w
w,net
t b h
10
12

= vi np ph bng thp ch T
( )
( ) { }
I
3 2
2 2 6
f w
w,net f,net f f w w w,net f w 2
f w
b h
t b 2bh 4h 3t bh 10
12 b h

= + + +
+
vi np ph bng
thp gc v thp m
I
p,net
: M men qun tnh tit din c cc ca np ph xung quanh mi ni vi
tm (cm
4
)
I
3
4 w w,net
p,net
h t
10
3

I
3
2 4 w w,net
p,net w f f,net
h t
h b t 10
3

| |
= +
|
\ .
vi np bng thp b mp
I
t,net
: M men qun tnh St Venant ca np ph khng k n mp km (cm
4
)
I
3
4 w w,net
t,net
h t
10
3

I
3 3 4 f,net
t,net w w,net f f,net
f
t 1
h t b t 1 0,63 10
3 b

| |

= +
` |
\ . )
vi np ph bng thp b mp
h
w
: Chiu cao tit din ca np ph (mm)
t
w,net
: Chiu dy hiu dng tm thnh ca np ph (mm)
b
f
: Chiu rng mp di ca np ph (mm)
t
f,net
: Chiu dy hiu dng mp di ca np ph (mm)
C : Nh c cho di y:
3
p p,net 3
3
p w p,net
3
w,net
k Et
C 10
1,33k h t
3S 1
1000St
=
| |
+
|
|
\ .

S: Khong cch np ph (mm)
k
p
: c cho nh sau nhng khng c nh hn khng. Vi cc np dc c
mp th tr s ny khng cn phi ln hn 0,1:
k
p
=1 - q
p

q
p
=o/o
E1

o
E1
: Nh quy nh (1) trn
t
p,net :
Chiu dy hiu dng ca tm np ming khoang (mm)
(3) ng sut ct trn tm thnh ca cc c cu chnh ca np ming khoang phi
khng ln hn 0,8 ln ng sut mt n nh ct t
c
, c tnh nh di y. i vi
cc c cu chnh nm vung gc vi hng ca cc np ph hoc vi cc np
ming khoang c lm khng c np ph th tr s ng sut ct trung bnh gia cc
gi tr tnh c cc mt ca tm ny phi c xt n:
t
c
=t
E
khi
F
E
2
t
t s
F
c F
E
1
4
t
t = t
`
t
)
khi
F
E
2
t
t >
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

317
F
F
3
o
t
2
pr,net
E t
t
0,9kE
1000d
| |
t =
|
\ .

o
F
v E: Nh quy nh (1) trn
t
pr,net
: Chiu dy hiu dng ca c cu chnh (mm)
( )
t 2
4,0
k 5,35
a/ d
= +
a : Kch thc ln hn ca tm thnh ca c cu chnh (m). Vi cc
c cu chnh nm vung gc vi hng ca cc np ph hoc
vi np ming khoang khng c np ph, kch thc nh hn d phi
c xt n
d : Kch thc nh hn ca bn thnh ca c cu chnh (m)
7 Bin dng cho php
Bin dng thng ng ca cc c cu chnh v cc x tho lp phi khng ln hn l,
trong l l chiu di nhp ln nht ca cc c cu chnh hoc x tho lp, l tr s
quy nh Bng 2A/18.5.
18.2.5 Cc yu cu b sung i vi np ming khoang bng thp dng xp hng
1 Quy nh chung
(1) Quy cch kt cu ca cc np ming khoang dng xp hng cc v tr l phi
tha mn yu cu 18.2.4 b sung thm cc yu cu 18.2.5. Khi iu kin xp hng
hoc kiu kt cu khc so vi quy nh trong mc ny th vic tnh ton phi c
ng kim xem xt.
(2) Cc tr s xc nh t cc yu cu trong mc ny phi bao gm c lng b sung do
mn g.
(3) Trng hp phi chu ti trng tp trung nh khi ch hng bao kin, phng php
tnh ton trc tip s c ng kim yu cu ty theo tng trng hp c th.
(4) Trng hp khi ti trng do xp hng v ti trng do sng tc dng ng thi do chiu
cao xp hng v hnh dng ca hng th vic xem xt c bit phi c yu cu.
2 Ti trng thit k
Ti trng thit k ca hng ha h (kN/m
2
) phi khng nh hn tr s xc nh theo (1) v
(2) di y:
(1) h phi tng ng vi 7 ln chiu cao t mt trn ca np ming khoang n boong
pha trn o ti mn ca khoang (m), hoc 7 ln chiu cao t boong ang xt n
mp trn ca thnh ming khoang ca boong pha trn (m). Tuy nhin, h c th c
xc nh bng trng lng thit k ln nht ca hng ha trn mt n v din tch
np ming khoang (kN/m
2
). Trong trng hp ny, tr s ca h phi c xc nh c
xt n chiu cao xp hng.
(2) Nu hng ha d nh ch trn np ming khoang trn boong thi tit th h phi l tr
s thit k ln nht ca hng trn mt n v din tch (kN/m
2
).
3 Chiu dy cc b ca tm
Vi cc np ming khoang dng ch hng, chiu dy ca tm nc t phi khng nh
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

318
hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau.
t 1,25S Kh 2,5 = + (mm)
h : Ti trng hng ha thit k quy nh -2 trn
K : H s cho Bng 2A/18.7
Bng 2A/18.7 H s K
Cp thp Thp thng HT32 HT36
K 1 0,78 0,72

4 Np ph
M un chng un tit din ca np bi cc sng v chu ti trng phn b u c th
xc nh bng phng php tnh ton trc tip hoc bng cng thc di y.
0,71CKShl
2
(cm
3
)
C : H s cho di y ty thuc kiu lin kt mt ca np:
Trng hp hai u u lin kt kiu hn ta: 1,0
Trng hp hai u u lin kt kiu vt bn mp hoc mt u vt bn mp v
mt u hn ta: 1,5
K : H s cho Bng 2A/18.7
h : Ti trng hng ha thit k quy nh -2 trn (kN/m
2
)
l : Chiu di nhp ca np (m)
5 Quy cch ca c cu chnh v x tho lp
Quy cch hiu dng ca c cu chnh ca np ming khoang, c n thun gia
hai thnh ming khoang chu ti trng phn b u, v ca x tho lp phi tha mn
cc cng thc di y. Vi np ming khoang bng thp, S v l c c tng
ng l b v S .
M un chng un tit din hiu dng gia nhp ca cc x tho lp hoc c cu
chnh:
C
1
Kk
1
Shl
2
(cm
3
)
M men qun tnh tit din hiu dng gia nhp ca cc x tho lp hoc c cu
chnh:
C
2
k
2
Shl
3
(cm
4
)
Din tch tit din hiu dng ca bn thnh hai mt ca cc x tho lp hoc c cu
chnh:
C
3
KShl (cm
2
)
S, b, l, k
1
v k
2
: Nh quy nh 18.2.4-5
C
1
, C
2
v C
3
: Cc h s cho Bng 2A/18.8
h: Ti trng hng ha thit k quy nh -2 trn
K: H s cho Bng 2A/18.7 ph thuc vo cp thp
Bng 2A/18.8 Cc h s C
1
, C
2
v C
3

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

319
C
1
C
2
C
3

1,07 1,81 0,064*
Ghi ch:
*: Khng p dng cho np ming khoang bng thp
6 ng sut mt n nh do nn
Np ming khoang bng thp phi tha mn cng thc sau y. Tuy nhin, trng hp
np ming khoang bng thp kiu tm p th ch tm chu ng sut nn thc t phi tha
mn.
o
cr
/o > 1,2
o
cr:
ng sut mt n nh nn c cho cc cng thc sau:
o'
cr
nu
F
cr
'
2
o
o s
F
F
cr
1
4 '
o
o
`
o
)
nu
F
cr
'
2
o
o >
o'
cr
=0,74 (t/S)
2
(N/mm
2
)
t : Chiu dy cc tm thp (mm)
S : Khong cch cc np (m)
o
F
: Nh ng sut chy nh nht pha trn hoc ng sut chy quy c quy
nh ca thp dng ch to (N/mm
2
)
o : ng sut nn tc dng ln cc tm thp (N/mm
2
)
7 Bin dng cho php
Bin dng thng ng ca cc c cu chnh v x tho lp phi khng ln hn 0,0035
l, trong l l chiu di nhp ln nht ca cc c cu chnh hoc x tho lp.
18.2.6 Nhng yu cu c bit i vi x tho lp, np ming khoang, np phao thp v
np thp kn thi tit
1 X tho lp phi tha mn cc yu cu t (1) n (7) sau y:
(1) u kp v lp x phi c kt cu chc chn, chiu rng mt ta t nht phi
bng 75 mi-li-mt. Phi c phng tin hu hiu t v c nh x.
(2) T ch t u kp v n boong thnh ming khoang phi c gia cng bng
np hoc bng mt bin php tng ng.
(3) Nu dng nhng x trt th phi c bin php m bo cho x gi nguyn v tr
khi ming khoang c ng.
(4) Chiu cao tit din x v chiu rng ca bn mp ca x phi sao cho x khng b mt
n nh ngang. Chiu cao ca tit din mt x phi khng nh hn 0,4 ln chiu cao
tit din gia x hoc 150 mi-li-mt, ly tr s no ln hn.
(5) Bn mp mp trn ca x tho lp phi c ko ra n tn mt x. Trn cc on di
t nht l 180 mi-li-mt mi mt x chiu dy ca bn thnh phi c tng gp hai ln
so vi chiu dy bn thnh gia nhp x hoc phi c gia cng bng tm kp.
(6) X tho lp phi c chi tit c th tho v lp m khng cn phi tc ng trc tip
n x.
(7) X tho lp phi c nh du ch r boong, ming khoang v v tr lp t x.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

320
2 Np ming khoang phi tha mn cc yu cu t (1) n (5) sau y:
(1) Mt ta phi rng t nht l 65 mi-li-mt v nu cn th phi vt theo dc ca ming
khoang.
(2) Np ming khoang phi c mc nng ty thuc trng lng v kch thc ca np, tr
khi theo kt cu mc nng l khng cn thit.
(3) Np ming khoang phi c nh du ch r boong, ming khoang v v tr t np.
(4) G dng lm np ming khoang phi c cht lng tt, th thng, khng c mu, hc
v nt.
(5) Cc mt ca np g phi c bo v bng vng ai thp.
3 Np phao thp phi tha mn cc yu cu t (1) n (3) sau y:
(1) Chiu cao tit din ti phi khng nh hn mt phn ba chiu cao tit din ti gia
nhp hoc khng nh hn 150 mi-li-mt ly tr s no ln hn.
(2) Chiu rng mt ta ca np phao thp phi khng nh hn 75 mi-li-mt.
(3) Np phi c nh du ch r boong, ming khoang v v tr t np.
4 Np thp kn thi tit phi tha mn cc yu cu t (1) n (3) sau y:
(1) Chiu cao tit din np ti phi khng nh hn mt phn ba chiu cao tit din np
ti gia nhp hoc 150 mi-li-mt, ly tr s no ln hn.
(2) bn v thit b ng nhng np nh hoc nhng np chu thi tit thuc loi c
bit m khng th tha mn c nhng yu cu (1), 18.2.4 v 18.2.5, bn v
thit b ng cc np ca nhng ming khoang khng c thnh nu 18.2.2-2 phi
c xem xt c bit.
(3) Cc phng tin c nh v m bo tnh chu thi tit phi c ng kim chp
thun. Cc phng tin phi m bo c yu cu chu thi tit trong bt k iu
kin no ca bin.
(4) Vi cc np ming khoang bng thp, phi c cc c cu bt cht hu hiu ph hp
vi cc yu cu Bng 2A/18.9 chng li cc lc tc dng theo phng ngang ln
mt trc v bn cnh.
Bng 2A/18.9 Yu cu v bn i vi cc c cu bt cht
p lc thit k
Mc (1) hoc (2) sau y ph hp vi kiu tu phi c p dng.
(1) i vi tu hng ri quy nh 1.1.7, Phn 1B ca Quy chun
(a) Cc np ming khoang ca khoang hng trc nht
Lc tc dng theo phng dc ln mt trc ca np:
230 kN/m
2
(Nu c thng tng mi ph hp vi cc yu cu 16.4,
p sut c th gim xung 175 kN/m
2
)
Lc tc dng theo phng ngang:
(b) Cc np khc
Lc tc dng theo phng dc ln mt trc ca np v lc tc dng
theo phng ngang: 175 kN/m
2

(2) Cc tu khc vi quy nh (1) trn
Mc (a) v (b) sau y phi c p dng. Tuy nhin, vi cc tu c mn
kh khc thung p sut phi tha mn yu cu ca ng kim
(a) Cc np ming khoang ca khoang hng trc nht
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

321
Lc tc dng theo phng dc ln mt trc ca np:
230 kN/m
2
(Nu c thng tng mi ph hp vi cc yu cu 16.4,
p sut c th gim xung 175 kN/m
2
)
Lc tc dng theo phng ngang:
(b) Cc np khc
Lc tc dng theo phng dc ln mt trc ca np v lc tc dng
theo phng ngang: 175 kN/m
2

(Tuy nhin, trng hp mt thnh ngang u ming khoang pha trc
c bo v bi np ming khoang pha trc k cn hoc cu trc
tng t chng li c lc tc dng do sng bin th lc tc dng
theo phng dc mt trc ca np c th c ng kim xem
xt.)
ng sut
tng ng
cho php
Trong cc c cu bt cht, cc c cu v cc mi hn ca c cu bt cht
(c tnh ton theo chiu cao mi hn), ng sut tng ng phi khng
vt qu tr s cho php bng 0,8 ln ng sut chy ca vt liu.
18.2.7 Bt v cc thit b c nh dng cho ming khoang ng bng np tho lp
1 t nht phi c hai lp bt cp A tha mn cc yu cu ca Chng 6 Phn 7B cho mi
ming khoang l boong mn kh hoc boong thng tng v t nht l mt lp bt nh
vy cho mi ming khoang l cc vng khc.
2 Cc thanh chn bt phi c nh bt v phi c chiu rng khng nh hn 65 mi-li-
mt, chiu dy khng nh hn 9 mi-li-mt.
3 Nm phi bng g cng hoc bng vt liu tng ng khc. Nm phi c vt khng
ln hn mt phn su. Mi nm phi c chiu dy khng nh hn 13 mi-li-mt.
4 nm phi c t theo vt ca nm, phi c chiu rng t nht bng 65 mi-li-mt,
phi c t cch nhau khng xa qu 600 mi-li-mt, tnh t tm n n tm kia. Chn
cht mi bn phi c t cch gc ming khoang khng xa qu 150 mi-li-mt.
5 i vi cc ming khot vng l ca boong mn kh v boong thng tng, phi c
nhng thanh thp hoc nhng phng tin tng ng c nh chc chn mi ming
np ming khoang khi c ph bt. Nhng ming khoang c chiu di ln hn 1,5
mt phi c c nh bng t nht l hai thanh thp nh vy. Cc ming khoang khc
vng l ca boong chu thi tit phi c bu lng vng hoc cc phng tin chng buc
khc.
18.2.8 Np ming khoang tu cng te n
Nu tu cng te n c mn kh qu ln, theo yu cu ca xng ng tu hoc ch tu,
khng mun p dng nhng quy nh phn cp, theo tha thun vi ng kim, c th
khng cn n nhng vng m v nhng thit b c nh np ming khoang bng thp.
18.2.9 Np thp ca ming kt su
Np thp ca ming kt su phi tha mn cc yu cu sau y:
(1) Thm vo nhng yu cu i vi np thp chu thi tit, kch thc ca cc c cu
np ming kt su cn phi khng nh hn kch thc yu cu ca cc c cu nc
kt su.
(2) Cc phng tin c nh v m bo tnh kn du kn nc phi tha mn yu cu
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

322
ca ng kim.
18.2.10 Nhng yu cu b sung i vi ming khoang nh nm trn boong mi l thin
Nu chiu cao ca boong l thin trong phm vi mc ny nh hn 0,1 L
1
hoc 22 mt nm
trn ng nc ch hng thit k ln nht, chn tr s no nh hn, th cc ming
khoang nh c t trn boong l thin n tn 0,25 L
1
v pha trc, phi c gia
cng thch ng v kn thi tit chu ng c sng bin tp ln. Chiu di L
1
c
nh ngha 13.2.1-1.
18.3 Ming bung my
18.3.1 Bo v ming bung my
Ming bung my phi c bo v bng vch quy bng thp.
18.3.2 Vch quy l ming bung my
1 Vch quy l ming bung my phi c kch thc c cu khng nh hn kch thc c
cu quy nh 17.2.1 v 17.2.2 vi C c ly bng 1,0.
2 Chiu dy tn nh ca vch quy l ming bung my phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo
cng thc sau y:
V tr I: t 6,3S 2,5 = + (mm)
V tr II: t 6,0S 2,5 = + (mm)
Trong :
S : Khong cch cc np (m).
18.3.3 Vch quy ming bung my di boong mn kh hoc trong khng gian
kn
Kch thc c cu ca vch quy ming bung my di boong mn kh hoc trong
thng tng kn v lu kn phi tha mn cc yu cu sau y:
(1) Chiu dy tn phi khng nh hn 6,5 mi-li-mt. Nu khong cch np ln hn 760
mi-li-mt th chiu dy tn phi tng vi t l 0,5 mi-li-mt cho mi lng tng 100 mi-
li-mt ca khong cch np. Trong khng gian sinh hot chiu dy tn c th c
gim 2,0 mi-li-mt.
(2) M un chng un ca tit din np phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau
y:
3
1,2Sl (cm
3
)
Trong :
l : Chiu cao ni boong (m).
18.3.4 Ca vo bung my
1 Cc ca vo bung my phi c gng t v tr c bo v v phi c cnh ca bng
thp, c th ng v c nh c t c hai pha. vch quy l ming bung my
boong mn kh, cnh ca phi tha mn cc yu cu 16.3.1-1.
2 Chiu cao ca ngng ca vch quy phi khng nh hn 600 mi-li-mt tnh t mt trn
ca boong v tr I v khng nh hn 380 mi-li-mt v tr II.
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3 nhng tu c mn kh gim, ca vch quy l ming bung my boong mn kh
hoc boong ui nng phi dn vo nhng khng gian hoc hnh lang c bn tng
ng vi bn ca vch quy v tch bit vi cu thang vo bung my bi mt ca
th hai bng thp v kn thi tit, c chiu cao ngng t nht bng 230 mi-li-mt.
18.3.5 Cc l khot nh vch quy ming bung my
1 Thnh ng khi v ng thng gi bung my v tr l ca boong mn kh, boong thng
tng phi c gng cao hn mt boong.
2 v tr l ca boong thng tng v boong mn kh cc l khot vch quy ming bung
my phi c np cng bng thp, chu thi tit v thng xuyn t v tr thch hp.
3 Vnh khng gian quanh ng khi v tt c cc l khot vch quy ming bung my
phi c thit b ng c th thao tc t pha ngoi bung my trong trng hp ha hon.
18.3.6 Vch quy ming bung my thng tng h v lu h
Vch quy ming bung my thng tng h v lu h v cc ca vch quy phi
c kt cu tha mn yu cu ca ng kim, c xt n mc bo v to bi thng
tng hoc lu.
18.4 Ming khot chi boong v cc ming khot khc boong
18.4.1 L chui v l thng sng
L chui v l thng sng trong vng l ca boong mn kh v boong thng tng hoc
trong nhng thng tng khng phi l thng tng kn phi c ng bng np thp
kn nc. Cc np ny phi c c nh bng nhng bu lng t gn nhau hoc phi
c t thng xuyn vo l khot.
18.4.2 Chi boong
1 Cc li vo boong mn kh phi c bo v bng thng tng kn, hoc bng lu hoc
chi c bn tng ng v chu thi tit.
2 Cc li vo boong thng tng l hoc boong lu trn boong mn kh, dn vo khng
gian di boong mn kh hoc dn vo khng gian trong thng tng kn phi c
bo v hu hiu bng lu hoc bng chi boong.
3 ng vo cc lu hoc chi boong nu -1 v -2 phi c cnh ca tha mn cc yu
cu 16.3.1-1.
4 Ngng ca ca cc li vo quy nh t -1 n -3 phi c chiu cao khng nh hn 600
mi-li-mt tnh t mt trn ca boong v tr I v khng nh hn 380 mi-li-mt tnh t mt
trn ca boong v tr II.
5 Nu cc li i li khng c b tr t pha trn, chiu cao ca ngng ca dn vo ca
i ca lu trn boong mn kh phi khng nh hn 600 mm.
6 Nu thit b ng kn ca ca li i li trn thng tng v lu khng ph hp vi quy nh
16.3.1-1 th cc l boong pha trong phi c coi l boong l.
18.4.3 L khot dn vo khng gian hng ha
Li vo v cc l khot khc vo khng gian hng ha phi c cc phng tin ng thao
tc c t pha ngoi ca khng gian trong trng hp c ha hon. Nu cc li vo
v l khot dn vo bt k khng gian no khc trong tu th cc phng tin ng ni
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trn phi bng thp.
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CHNG 19 BUNG MY V BUNG NI HI
19.1 Quy nh chung
19.1.1 Phm vi p dng
Kt cu ca bung my phi tha mn Chng ny v cc quy nh khc c lin quan.
19.1.2 Kt cu
Bung my v bung ni hi phi c gia cng thch ng bng nhng sn khe, x
khe, ct hoc bng nhng bin php kt cu khc.
19.1.3 Cc kt cu my, h trc, v.v...
Cc b phn ca my, h trc, v.v..., phi c chc chn v cc kt cu k cn phi
c gia cng thch ng.
19.1.4 Tu hai chn vt v tu c cng sut my ln
nhng tu c hai chn vt v nhng tu c cng sut my ln, kt cu v lin kt ca b
my v b ni hi phi c gia cng c bit theo t l chiu cao ca my trn chiu
di hoc chiu rng, trng lng, cng sut ca my v theo loi my.
19.2 B my chnh
19.2.1 Tu y n
1 tu y n, my chnh phi c t trn nhng tm b dy t ngang qua mp trn
ca ngang y thnh cao hoc trn nhng thanh b dy c gn m hu hiu, c
gia cng v c bn t l vi cng sut v kch thc ca my.
2 Tm sng ca b phi c t di ng tm bu lng ca my chnh v bu lng phi i
xuyn qua bn mp ca sng b.
3 nhng tu m my c t theo ng tm tu, nu cc sng dc c t di my
v khong cch cc sng dc khng ln lm th c th khng cn phi t sng chnh
ca y tu.
19.2.2 Tu y i
1 tu y i my chnh phi c t trc tip ln tn y trn dy hoc ln tm b dy
mp trn ca tm sng phn b hu hiu trng lng ca my.
2 Cc sng ph b sung phi c t trong y i pha di ca ng tm ca bu
lng hoc nhng v tr thch hp khc m bo phn b tt trng lng v cng
ca kt cu.
19.3 Kt cu bung ni hi
19.3.1 B ni hi
1 Ni hi phi c t ln nhng ngang thnh cao hnh yn nga, hoc ln nhng sng
ngang thnh cao, hoc ln nhng sng dc, c b tr sao cho phn b tt trng lng
ca ni hi.
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2 Nu ni hi c t ln nhng yn nga ngang hoc ln nhng sng ngang th cc
ngang y di phi c gia cng c bit.
19.3.2 V tr ca ni hi
Ni hi phi c b tr sao cho m bo d tip cn v thng gi tt.
19.3.3 Khong cch gia ni hi v cc kt cu ln cn
1 Ni hi phi c t cch y trn, v.v..., t nht l 457 mi-li-mt. Nu khong cch
bt buc phi nh th chiu dy ca cc c cu ln cn phi c tng. Khong cch
phi c ghi trong cc bn v trnh duyt.
2 Cc vch khoang v boong phi cch xa ni hi v ng thng hi hoc phi c cch ly
thch hp.
3 Vn thnh vch ln cn vi ni hi phi c t m bo mt khong cch thch hp.
19.4 chn v b chn
19.4.1 B chn
phi c bt bu lng vi b c kt cu chc chn. B phi c ko di ra ngoi
chn v phi c b tr sao cho phn b hiu qu lc tc dng t chn ln cc kt cu
k cn.
19.4.2 Kt cu di b chn
vng b chn cn phi t sng b sung.
19.5 B v b my ph
19.5.1 Quy nh chung
B v b my ph phi c bn v cng t l vi trng lng phi v vi
chiu cao ca b.

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CHNG 20 HM TRC V HM HM TRC

20.1 Quy nh chung
20.1.1 B tr
1 nhng tu c bung my gia tu h trc chn vt phi c t trong hm kn c
kch thc.
2 Cc ca kn nc phi c t u v cui hm trc. Phng tin ng ca v kt
cu ca ca kn nc phi theo cc yu cu 11.3.
3 nhng hm trc c ca kn nc theo yu cu -2, phi c li thot t mt v tr
thch hp. Li thot phi dn ln boong vch hoc ln cao hn na.
20.1.2 Tn vch bn phng
Chiu dy (t) ca tn vch bn phng ca hm trc phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo
cng thc:
2,9S h 2,5 + (mm)
Trong :
h : Khong cch thng ng, o gia chiu di ca mi hm, t cnh di ca
tm tn n boong vch ng tm tu (m).
20.1.3 Tn nc phng
1 Chiu dy ca tn nc phng ca hm trc hoc ca hm hm trc phi khng nh hn tr
s tnh theo cng thc 20.1.2, h c ly bng chiu cao t mt tn n boong vch
ng tm tu.
2 Nu nc ca hm trc hoc ca hm hm trc l mt phn ca boong th chiu dy ca tn
nc phi c tng t nht l 1 mi-li-mt so vi chiu dy tnh theo yu cu -1, nhng
trong mi trng hp khng c nh hn chiu dy tn boong cng v tr .
20.1.4 Tn nc cong v tn vch bn cong
Chiu dy ca tn nc cong v ca tn vch bn cong phi c xc nh theo cc yu
cu 20.1.2 nhng vi khong cch np nh hn 150 mi-li-mt so vi khong cch thc
ca cc np.
20.1.5 Tn nc di ming khoang
Tn nc di ming khoang phi c tng t nht l 2 mi-li-mt hoc phi c ph
bng mt lp g c chiu dy khng nh hn 50 mi-li-mt.
20.1.6 Lp g ph
Lp g ph phi c c nh sao cho m bo kn nc ca hm trc khi g b hng
ha lm h hi. Cng phi quan tm nh vy nu trn hm trc c t cu thang.
20.1.7 Np
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1 nc v vch ca hm trc, np phi c t cch nhau khng xa qu 915 mi-li-mt.
2 M un chng un ca tit din np phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau
y:
2
Z 4,0Shl = (cm
3
)
Trong :
l : Khong cch t chn ca cnh di ca vch bn phng n nh ca vch
bn phng (m).
h : Khong cch thng ng, o gia chiu di ca mi hm, t trung im ca l
n boong vch (m).
3 Nu t s ca bn knh ca nc cong ca hm trc chia cho khong cch t y n nh
hm trc l tng i ln th m un chng un ca tit din np phi c tng thch
ng so vi quy nh -2.
4 Nu chiu cao tit din np ln hn 150 mi-li-mt th chn np phi c lin kt vi tn
y trn bng bin php hn ta.
20.1.8 Kt cu di ct
Nu ct c t ln hm trc hoc ln hm hm trc th phi c bin php gia cng cc
b t l vi trng lng phi .
20.1.9 Nc hm trc hoc nc hm hm trc to thnh mt phn ca boong
Nu nc hm trc hoc nc hm hm trc to thnh mt phn ca boong th cc x, ct v
sng di nc phi c kch thc nh yu cu i vi cc c cu tng t ca hm vch.
20.1.10 ng thng gi v li thot
ng thng gi v li thot hm trc hoc hm hm trc phi kn nc cho n boong
vch v phi khe chu c p sut m cc kt cu c th gp.
20.1.11 Hm trc trong kt nc hoc kt du
Hm trc trong kt nc hoc kt du phi c kt cu v bn tng ng vi kt cu
v bn yu cu i vi vch ca kt su.
20.1.12 Hm kn nc
Nu t nhng hm kn nc tng t nh hm trc th nhng hm kn nc phi c
kt cu tng t nh kt cu ca hm trc.
20.1.13 Hm c dng cong
Nu hm c dng cong i qua kt su th chiu dy tn (t) vng i qua kt phi khng
t
t 0,134dh 9,1 = + (mm)
Trong :
d
t
: ng knh ca hm (m).
h : Khong cch thng ng t y hm n trung im ca khong cch t nc
kt n nh ng trn, hoc bng 0,7 ln khong cch thng ng t y hm
n im 2,0 mt cao hn nh ng trn, ly tr s no ln hn (m).
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CHNG 21 MN CHN SNG, LAN CAN, CA THOT NC,
CA HNG HO V CC CA TNG T KHC, CA HP L,
CA S CH NHT, NG THNG GI V CU BOONG
21.1 Mn chn sng v lan can
21.1.1 Quy nh chung
1 Mn chn sng v lan can phi c t phn l ca boong mn kh, ca boong
thng tng v ca boong lu tng t.
2 Cc lan can quy nh -1 trn phi tha mn cc yu cu sau:
(1) Cc ct c nh, tho lp c hoc ghp bng bn l phi c t cch nhau
khong 1,5 m. Cc ct tho lp c hoc ct ghp bng bn l phi c kh nng
kha c t pha trn.
(2) t nht c mi ba thanh ng th phi bi mt m hoc ct np. Hoc bin php
khc nu c ng kim chp nhn.
(3) Nu cn thit cho s vn hnh bnh thng ca tu, dy thp c th c chp nhn
thay cho lan can. Trong trng hp ny, cc dy thp phi c cng bng cc tng-
.
(4) Nu cn thit cho s vn hnh bnh thng ca tu, xch c th c lp gia hai ct
c nh v/hoc mn chn sng c chp nhn thay th cho lan can.
21.1.2 Kch thc
1 Chiu cao ca mn chn sng hoc lan can quy nh 21.1.1 t nht phi bng 1 mt tnh
t mt trn ca boong. Nu chiu cao c th gy tr ngi cho hot ng bnh thng
ca tu th c th cho php mt chiu cao nh hn nu c ng kim tha nhn rng
mc bo v l m bo.
2 Khong h di thanh thp nht ca lan can phi khng ln hn 230 mi-li-mt. Khong
cch gia cc thanh khc ca lan can phi khng ln hn 380 mi-li-mt.
3 Nu tu c mp boong ln th ct lan can phi c t phn phng ca boong.
4 Cc lan can lp trn cc boong thng tng, boong mn kh phi c t nht ba khong h.
cc v tr khc phi lp cc lan can c t nht hai khong h.
21.1.3 Kt cu
1 Mn chn sng phi c kt cu vng chc, cnh trn phi c gia cng chc chn.
Chiu dy ca tn mn chn sng boong mn kh thng t nht phi bng 6 mi-li-mt.
2 Mn chn sng phi c bng nhng ct np lin kt vi boong ch c x ngang
boong hoc ch c gia cng chc chn. Khong cch gia cc ct np boong
mn kh phi khng ln hn 1,8 mt.
3 nhng boong ch g, mn chn sng phi c bng nhng ct np khe t cch
nhau khng xa qu 1,5 mt.
21.1.4 Cc yu cu khc
1 Ca ln tu v cc l khot khc mn chn sng phi cch xa ch ngt ca thng tng.
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2 Nu mn chn sng b ct to thnh cc ca ln tu hoc cc l khot khc th cc ct
np gn ch b ct phi c tng bn.
3 ch lun cp chng buc, tn mn chn sng phi l tm kp hoc phi c tng
chiu dy.
4 cc mt thng tng, thanh mp ca mn chn sng phi c lin kt bng m vi
vch mt thng tng hoc vi tm mp boong ca thng tng, hoc phi c kt cu
tng ng trnh s thay i t ngt ca bn.
21.2 Ca thot nc
21.2.1 Quy nh chung
1 Nu mn chn sng nm phn chu tc ng ca thi tit ca boong mn kh hoc
boong thng tng to thnh cc rnh t nc th phi c iu kin nc thot
nhanh khi boong v x nc.
2 Phi c nhng ca ln thot nc t nhng vng khc m nc c th tch t.
3 nhng tu c thng tng m mt hoc hai mt, phi c ca thot nc t khng
gian trong thng tng.
4 nhng tu c mn kh gim, lan can phi c t t nht l trn na chiu di phn l
ca boong thi tit, hoc phi c nhng phng tin x nc hu hiu khc theo yu cu
ca ng kim.
21.2.2 Din tch ca thot nc
1 Din tch ca thot nc (A) mi bn mn tu dng cho mi rnh t boong mn kh v
boong ui nng phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cc cng thc sau y. Din tch ca
thot nc dng cho mi rnh t boong thng tng khng phi l boong ui nng
phi khng nh hn 0,5 ln din tch tnh theo cc cng thc :
A 0,7 0,035l a = + + (m
2
) Nu l s 20 mt
A 0,07l a = + (m
2
) Nu l > 20 mt
Trong :
l : Chiu di ca mn chn sng, nhng khng cn ly ln hn 0,7 L
f
(m).
a : c tnh theo cc cng thc sau y :
a 0,04l(h 1,2) = (m
2
) : Nu h > 1,2 mt
a =0 (m
2
) : Nu 0,9 mt s h s 1,2 mt
a 0,04l(0,9 l) = (m
2
) : Nu h < 0,9 mt
h : Chiu cao trung bnh ca mn chn sng tnh t boong (m).
2 nhng tu khng c cong dc boong hoc cong dc boong nh hn tr s tiu
chun, din tch ti thiu (A
min
) ca ca thot nc tnh theo cng thc -1 phi c
tng bng cch nhn vi h s tnh theo cng thc sau y:
min
0
S
A 1,5
2S
=
Trong :
S : cong dc trung bnh thc t ca lu (mm).
S
0
: cong dc tiu chun theo Phn 11 (mm).
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3 nhng tu c hm ni trn boong hoc c thnh ming khoang lin tc hoc gn nh
lin tc gia cc thng tng c lp, din tch ca ca thot nc phi khng nh hn tr
s cho Bng 2A/21.1.
Bng 2A/21.1 Din tch ca thot nc
Chiu rng ca hm ni trn boong
hoc ca ming khoang
Din tch ca ca thot nc tnh theo
din tch ca mn chn sng
s 0,4 B
f

> 0,75 B
f

0,20
0,10
Ch thch:
Vi cc tr s trung gian ca chiu rng ca hm ni trn boong hoc ca thnh quy ming
khoang th din tch ca thot nc c tnh theo php ni suy tuyn tnh
4 Mc d nhng yu cu t -1 n -3, nu ng kim thy cn thit, th nhng tu c
hm ni trn boong mn kh, phi t lan can thay v mn chn sng boong mn kh
trong vng c hm ni trn boong trn chiu di ln hn 0,5 ln chiu di ca hm boong.
21.2.3 V tr ca ca thot nc
1 Hai phn ba din tch ca thot nc quy nh 21.2.2 phi c t na vng trng
gn im thp nht ca ng cong dc, mt phn ba cn li trong s phi ri u dc
theo chiu di cn li ca vng trng.
2 Ca thot nc phi c gc ln trn v mp di ca ca phi c gng st vi mt
boong.
21.2.4 Kt cu ca ca thot nc
1 Nu chiu di v chiu cao ca ca thot nc ln hn 230 mi-li-mt th ca thot nc
phi c bo v bng nhng thanh t cch nhau khong 230 mi-li-mt.
2 Nu ca thot nc c cnh y th phi c khe h thch hp trnh b kt. Cht bn l
v gi ta ca cnh y phi bng vt liu khng g.
3 Cc cnh y theo quy nh -2 phi khng c c c cu hm cht.
21.3 Ca mi v ca trong
21.3.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Mc ny ca Quy chun a ra nhng yu cu v vic b tr, bn v c nh ca
cc ca mi dn vo thng tng mi di kn hoc lin tc.
2 Trong mc ny a ra hai kiu ca chn v ca mn (sau y gi chung l "ca").
3 Nhng kiu ca khc vi -2 phi c xem xt c bit c quan tm n nhng quy nh
tng ng ca Quy chun ny.
21.3.2 B tr cc ca v ca trong
1 Cc ca phi c t trn boong mn kh. Mt hc kn nc vch chng va v nm
pha trn ng nc ch hng cao nht dng lp cc cu nghing hoc nhng thit
b c kh c lin quan khc, c th c coi nh mt phn ca boong mn kh v mc ch
ca yu cu ny.
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2 Phi t ca trong. Ca trong phi l mt phn ca vch chng va, cc ca trong khng
cn t trc tip trn vch pha di, min sao n nm trong phm vi xc nh v v
tr ca vch chng va, xem quy nh 11.1.1.
3 Mt ca nghing cho xe c gii c th c t nh ca trong quy nh -2, min sao
dng ca n l mt phn ca vch chng va v ph hp vi nhng quy nh v v tr ca
vch chng va nu 11.1.1. Nu khng th thc hin c yu cu ny th phi t mt
ca trong kn nc ring bit, cch xa phm vi quy nh v v tr vch chng va n mc
c th c.
4 Ni chung, cc ca c t phi kn thi tit v bo v hu hiu cc ca trong.
5 Cc ca trong c dng l mt phn ca vch chng va phi kn thi tit trn ton b chiu
cao ca khoang hng v mt sau ca phi c chng thm.
6 Cc ca v ca trong phi c b tr sao cho c th ngn nga c kh nng gy
h hi kt cu ca cc ca trong hoc vch chng va trong trng hp c h hi hoc
tho ca ra. Nu khng th thc hin c iu ny, th phi t mt ca trong kn thi
tit ring bit, nh quy nh 11.1.1.
7 Nhng yu cu i vi ca trong da trn gi thit rng xe c gii c chng buc chc
chn v khng dch chuyn khi v tr t xe.
21.3.3 Tiu chun bn
1 Quy cch ca c cu chnh, thit b kho v thit b ca ca v ca trong phi c
tnh ton sao cho chu c cc ti trng tc dng vi ng sut cho php nh sau:
ng sut ct :
80
K
t = (N/mm
2
)
ng sut un :
120
K
o = (N/mm
2
)
ng sut tng ng :
2 2
e
150
3
K
o = o + t = (N/mm
2
)
K : H s ph thuc vo cp thp, bng 1 i vi thp thng, i vi thp bn
cao ly theo 1.1.7-2(1).
2 bn xon ca cc c cu chnh phi c kim tra tha ng.
3 i vi cc bng thp trong cc thit b v chn, p lc c xc nh bng
cch chia lc cho din tch hnh chiu ca , nhng khng c vt qu 0,8o
y
, trong
o
y
l gii hn chy ca vt liu . i vi cc loi vt liu khc, ng sut cho
php do ng kim quy nh.
4 Vic b tr cc thit b v c nh phi sao cho cc bu lng c ren khng chu lc nn.
Lc ko ln nht trong phn cc bu lng khng chu lc nn khng c vt qu:
125
K
(N/mm
2
)
Trong :
K : H s vt liu, nh quy nh -1.
21.3.4 Ti trng thit k
1 Cc ca mi
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

333
(1) p lc ngoi thit k Pe (kN/m
2
) dng tnh ton kch thc ca cc c cu chnh,
cc thit b v c nh ca phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau:
2
e
P 2,75(0,22 0,15tan )(0,4Vsin 0,6 L') = + o | + (kN/m
2
)
Trong :
V : Tc ca tu (hi l/gi), nh quy nh 1.2.26 ca Phn 1A.
L' : Chiu di tu (m), nh quy nh 1.2.20 Phn 1A, nhng khng cn ly L'
ln hn 200 mt.
o : Gc m ti im ang xt ().
| : Gc ng ti im ang xt ().
(2) Cc ti trng ngoi thit k F
x
, F
y
v F
z
s dng khi tnh ton kch thc ca cht hm
v c cu gi ca phi khng nh hn:
F
x
=P
e
A
x
(kN)
F
y
=P
e
A
y
(kN)
F
z
=P
e
A
z
(kN)
Trong :
A
x
: Din tch, m
2
, ca mt chiu ng theo phng ngang tu ca ca t y
ca ca n cnh trn ca mn chn sng boong trn, hoc gia y
ca v cnh trn ca ca bao gm c mn chn sng nu mn chn sng
l mt phn ca ca, ly gi tr no nh hn. Nu gc loe ca mn chn
sng nh hn gc loe ca tn mn k cn t nht l 15
o
th chiu cao t y
ca ca c th c o n boong trn hoc n cnh trn ca ca, ly
gi tr no nh hn. Khi xc nh chiu cao t y ca ca n boong trn
hoc cnh trn ca ca, mn chn sng khng bao gm trong .
A
y
: Din tch, m
2
, ca mt chiu ng theo phng dc tu ca ca t y ca
ca n cnh trn ca mn chn sng boong trn, hoc gia y ca v
cnh trn ca ca bao gm c mn chn sng nu mn chn sng l mt
phn ca ca, ly gi tr no nh hn. Nu gc loe ca mn chn sng nh
hn gc loe ca tn mn k cn t nht l 15
o
th chiu cao t y ca ca
c th c o n boong trn hoc n cnh trn ca ca, ly gi tr no
nh hn. Khi xc nh chiu cao t y ca ca n boong trn hoc cnh
trn ca ca, mn chn sng khng bao gm trong .
A
z
: Din tch, m
2
, ca mt chiu nm ngang ca ca t y ca ca n cnh
trn ca mn chn sng boong trn, hoc gia y ca v cnh trn ca
ca bao gm c mn chn sng nu mn chn sng l mt phn ca ca,
ly gi tr no nh hn. Nu gc loe ca mn chn sng nh hn gc loe
ca tn mn k cn t nht l 15
o
th chiu cao t y ca ca c th c
o n boong trn hoc n cnh trn ca ca, ly gi tr no nh hn. Khi
xc nh chiu cao t y ca ca n boong trn hoc cnh trn ca ca,
mn chn sng khng bao gm trong .
P
z
: p lc ngoi, kN/m
2
, ly nh (1) vi gc o v | c xc nh nh sau:
o : Gc loe o mt v tr trn tn mn cao h
1
/2 pha trn cnh
di ca ca v l/2 pha sau giao im ca ca vi sng mi,
| : Gc vo o v tr trn tn mn h
1
/2 pha trn cnh di ca ca v
l/2 pha sau giao im ca ca vi sng mi,
l : Chiu di, m, ca ca cao h
1
/2 pha trn cnh di ca ca,
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334
w : Chiu rng, m, ca ca cao h
1
/2 pha trn cnh di ca ca,
h
1
: Chiu cao, m, ca ca o gia mc ca ca v boong trn hoc gia
y ca v cnh trn ca ca ly gi tr no ln hn,
Vi cc ca, bao gm c mn chn sng, ca tu c hnh dng v t s kch thc
khc thng, v d tu c mi ln trn v gc nghing ca mi ln, din tch v cc
gc nghing dng xc nh tr s thit k ca ti trng ngoi c th yu cu phi
c xem xt c bit.
(3) i vi cc ca chn, m men ng ca My di tc dng ca ngoi lc (kNm) c
ly nh sau:
M
y
=F
x
a +10Wc - F
z
b
Trong :
W : Khi lng ca chn (tn).
a : Khong cch thng ng (m) t tr ca n tm din tch hnh chiu ng
theo phng ngang tu ca ca chn, xem Hnh 2A/21.1.
b : Khong cch nm ngang (m) t tr ca n tm din tch hnh chiu ng
ca ca chn, xem Hnh 2A/21.1.
c : Khong cch nm ngang (m) t tr ca n trng tm ca khi lng ca
chn, xem Hnh 2A/21.1.
(4) Ngoi ra tay n nng ca chn v thit b c o theo lc tnh v ng tc dng
trong khi nng v h ca, vi p lc gi ti thiu c ly bng 1,5 kN/m
2
.
2 Ca trong
(1) p lc bn ngoi thit k P
e
dng tnh ton kch thc cc c cu chnh, thit b
, chn v kt cu bao quanh ca trong phi c ly l tr s ln hn trong cc tr
s sau:
P
e
=0,45L
'

(kN/m
2
)
p sut thy tnh: P
h
=10 h
2
(kN/m
2
)
Trong :
h
2
: Khong cch (m) t im t ti n nh ca khng gian cha hng.
L' : Chiu di tu, nh quy nh -1(1).
(2) p lc bn trong thit k P
b
(kN/m
2
) dng tnh ton kch thc cc thit b ca ca
trong khng c nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau:
P
b
=25
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

335

`

Hnh 2A/21.1 Ca kiu bn l trn (kiu Visor)
21.3.5 Kch thc cc ca
1 Quy nh chung
(1) bn ca ca phi tng ng vi bn ca kt cu thn tu chung quanh ca.
(2) Lin kt gia n nng vi ca v vi kt cu thn tu phi bn m bo vic
ng m ca bnh thng.
2 Tm ca
Chiu dy ca tm ca phi khng nh hn tr s quy nh cho tm v mn tu hoc tm
v mn thng tng v tr c tnh, vi khong cch np ly bng khong sn v
trong mi trng hp khng c nh hn chiu dy ti thiu ca v tu.
3 Cc np ph
(1) Cc np ph ca ca phi c bi cc c cu chnh to nn cng ch yu
ca ca.
(2) M un chng un tit din ca np ca phi khng nh hn tr s quy nh cho sn
v tr tnh ton, vi khong cch np ly bng khong sn; trong trng hp ny,
phi xt n s khc nhau ca lin kt gia sn v np.
(3) Din tch tit din bn thnh ca np (cm
2
) phi khng nh hn tr s :
QK
A
10
= (cm
2
)
Trong :
b
F
z

A
x

A
y

A
z

F
x

c
Tm quay
Tng lc dc tc
dng v pha trc
ng mi
tu
Hnh chiu
cnh
Hnh chiu
bng
Hnh chiu
ng
W
Z
Cnh di ca ca
C
L
Cnh trn ca mn
chn sng hoc
cnh trn ca ca
X
Cnh trn ca mn chn
sng hoc cnh trn ca ca
C
L
a

d

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

336
Q : Lc ct (kN) np, c xc nh t p sut phn b u bn ngoi P
e
quy
nh 21.3.4-1(1).
K : H s vt liu, quy nh 21.3.3-1.
4 C cu chnh
(1) Cc c cu chnh ca ca v kt cu thn tu trong vng t ca phi c cng
m bo tnh nguyn vn ca vnh ca.
(2) Kch thc ca cc c cu chnh ca ca ni chung phi c tnh ton bng phng
php trc tip kt hp vi p lc ngoi quy nh 21.3.4-1(1) v ng sut cho php
cho mc 21.3.3-1. Thng thng, cc cng thc tnh l thuyt dm n gin c th
c p dng xc nh ng sut un. Cc c cu phi c xem xt c cc gi
n gin hai u.
21.3.6 Kch thc ca trong
1 Quy nh chung
(1) bn ca ca trong phi tng ng vi kt cu thn tu chung quanh ca;
(2) Chiu dy ca tm ca trong phi khng nh hn tr s yu cu cho tn vch chng
va;
(3) M un chng un tit din ca np ca trong phi khng nh hn tr s yu cu i
vi np ca vch chng va;
(4) Kch thc cc c cu chnh, ni chung c xc nh bng tnh ton trc tip tng
ng vi p lc thit k bn ngoi nu 21.3.4-2(1) v ng sut cho php nu
21.3.3-1. Thng thng c th dng cng thc ca l thuyt dm n gin tnh;
(5) Np ca ca trong phi c bi cc sng;
(6) Nu ca trong cn c dng lm cu xe, th kch thc ca ca phi khng nh hn
kch thc quy nh cho boong ch xe;
(7) S phn b ca lc tc ng ln thit b v chn, ni chung c xc nh bng
tnh ton trc tip c k n tnh do ca c cu, v tr thc v cng ca c cu
.
21.3.7 Thit b v c nh
1 Quy nh chung
(1) Cc ca phi c c nh bng mt phng tin c nh v chn thch hp sao cho
tng ng vi bn v cng ca kt cu chung quanh;
(2) Cc kt cu ca thn tu trong vng t ca phi chu cng ti trng v ng sut
thit k nh cc thit b v chn ca;
(3) Nu c yu cu chng buc, th vt liu chng buc phi thuc loi tng i mm v
lc ch do kt cu thp chu. Cc kiu chng buc khc c th c xem xt;
(4) Khong h tiu chun ln nht gia cc thit b v c nh khng c vt qu 3
mi li mt;
(5) Phi t mt thit b kha c kh ca v ca trong v tr m;
(6) Ch cc thit b v chn c cng hu hiu theo hng thch hp mi c tnh
n v xem xt tnh ton phn lc tc dng ln thit b. Cc thit b nh v/hoc
mm nh nhng ci nm, dng chu ti trng nn ca vt c chng buc khng
cn k n trong tnh ton nu -2(5);
(7) S lng cc thit b v chn nn ly ti thiu khi a vo tnh ton. Cc yu cu
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337
i vi lng d nu -2(6), -2(7) v khong trng c th c truyn y lc vo
kt cu thn tu. V nguyn tc cc thit b v chn phi t cch nhau khng qu
2,5 mt v cng gn cc gc ca cng tt;
(8) Ni chung, m cc tm chn ra pha ngoi, phi b tr cc cht (tr) ca sao cho
ca chn t ng c di tc dng ca ti trng bn ngoi, ngha l M
y
>0. Ngoi
ra, m men ng M
y
tnh theo 21.3.4-1(3) phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng
thc sau:
2 2 2 2
y0 x z
M 10Wc 0,1 a b F F = + + + (kNm)
2 Kch thc
(1) Cc thit b v chn ca phi c thit k sao cho chng c th chu c
phn lc trong gii hn ng sut cho php nu 21.3.3-1.
(2) i vi cc ca chn, phn lc tc dng ln cc thit b v chn hu hiu, khi gi
thit ca l mt vt th rn, c xc nh theo t hp sau y ca ti trng bn ngoi
tc dng ng thi cng t trng ca ca:
(a) Trng hp 1 : F
x
v F
z

(b) Trng hp 2 : 0,7 F
y
tc dng ln mi mt ring bit cng vi 0,7 F
x
v 0,7 F
z
.
Trong : F
x
, F
y
v F
z
c xc nh nh quy nh 21.3.4-1(2) v tc dng ln
tm ca din tch hnh chiu.
(3) i vi cc ca m ra mn, phn lc tc dng ln cc thit b v chn hu hiu,
khi gi thit ca l mt vt th rn, c xc nh theo t hp sau y ca ti trng
bn ngoi tc dng ng thi vi t trng ca ca:
(a) Trng hp 1 : F
x
, F
y
v F
z
tc dng ln c hai mt ca.
(b) Trng hp 2 : 0,7 F
x
v 0,7 F
y
tc dng ln c hai mt ca v 0,7 F
y
tc dng
ln tng mt ca ring bit.
Trong : F
x
, F
y
v F
z
c xc nh nh quy nh 21.3.4-1(2) v t tm ca
din tch hnh chiu.
(4) Lc c xc nh ph hp vi (2) (a) v (3) (a) thng thng c th gy ra m
men bng 0 ly i vi trc ngang i qua tm din tch A
s
. i vi ca chn, phn lc
dc trc ca tr v/hoc nm ca to thnh m men ny khng c hng v
pha trc.
(5) S phn b phn lc tc dng ln thit b v chn c th c xc nh bng tnh
ton trc tip, c tnh n mm ca kt cu thn tu, v tr thc v cng ca c
cu ;
(6) Vic thit k cc thit b v chn trong vng ca cc thit b chn ny phi c
bn d sao cho thm ch bt k mt thit b hoc chn no b hng th cc thit
b cn li vn c th chu c phn lc gy ra ng sut khng vt qu 20% ng
sut cho php nu 21.3.3-1(1).
(7) i vi ca chn, phi t hai thit b chn phn di ca, mi thit b phi c kh
nng chu ng c ton b phn lc theo yu cu ngn nga vic t m trong
gii hn ng sut cho php nu 21.3.3-1(1). M men m M
0
(kNm) c cn bng
bi phn lc ny, phi khng nh hn:
M
0
=10 Wd +5 A
x
a
Trong :
d : Khong cch thng ng (m) t trc bn l n tm ca.
W, A
x
, a : Khong cch thng ng nh quy nh 21.3.4-1(3).
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

338
(8) i vi ca chn, cc thit b v chn, ngoi tr bn l, phi c kh nng chu
ng c lc thit k theo phng ng bng (F
z
- 10W) (kN) trong gii hn ng
(9) Tt c cc thnh phn truyn ti trng trong ng ti trng thit k, t ca qua cc
thit b vo kt cu thn tu, k c lin kt hn phi c cng bn nh quy nh i
vi cc thit b v chn.
(10) i vi cc ca m mn, phi t chn trong vng mt cc sng ti hai mc m
ca ngn nga tm ca ny dch chuyn v pha trc tm kia di tc dng ca
p lc khng i xng (Xem Hnh 2A/21.2), mi phn ca chn phi c gi c
nh trn mt phn khc bng thit b .
(11) Ngoi quy nh (10), vic b tr bt k mt thit b no khc nhm cng tha mn
mc ch ny u c th c chp nhn.

Hnh 2A/21.2 V d v chn
21.3.8 iu khin, ch bo v gim st
1 H thng iu khin
(1) Thit b chn phi n gin d iu khin v tip cn;
(2) Thit b chn phi c kha c kh (loi t kha hoc loi c b tr ring bit) hoc
kiu trng lc;
(3) H thng ng v m cng nh thit b chn v kha phi c kha t bn trong,
theo cch chng ch c th hot ng c theo hnh trnh ph hp;
(4) Cc ca v ca trong dn ti boong ch xe phi lp thit b iu khin t xa, t v
tr nm trn boong mn kh, :
(a) Kha v m ca,
(b) H tr thit b chn v kha cho tng ca.
(5) Ch bo v tr m hoc ng ca tng ca, tng thit b chn v cc kha phi t thit
b t xa, theo tng v tr. Bng iu khin iu khin cc ca phi kh tip cn
khng cho php mi ngi n gn. Phi c mt bng ghi ch ch bo r rng tt c
cc thit b chn phi b sung bng n hiu ch bo;
(6) H thng thot nc phi c b tr vng gia ca v cu ph, hoc khi khng c
lp cu ph th l gia ca v ca trong. H thng phi c trang b chc nng bo
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339
ng bng m thanh ln lu li v kch hot khi mc nc trong khu vc ny vt qu
0,5 m hoc mc nc bo ng cao nht ly gi tr no nh hn.
2 H thng ch bo/gim st
(1) Phi t n ch bo ring bit v tn hiu bo ng nh nu (a) v (b) di y
(sau y gi l h thng ch bo v bo ng) lu li v bng iu khin. H thng
ch bo v bo ng phi c n mang chc nng kim tra. n ch bo lu li phi
c thit k sao cho khng th b ngt.
(a) n ch bo phi ch r rng ca v ca trong c ng, cc thit b chn v
kha ca v tr ph hp.
(b) ch hng hi tn hiu bo ng bng m thanh v n phi ch r rng ca
v ca trong c ng, cc thit b chn v kha ca v tr ph hp.
(2) H thng ch bo v bo ng ni (1) phi tha mn nhng yu cu sau y:
(a) c thit k theo nguyn l thiu an ton.
(b) Ngun in dng cho h thng ch bo v bo ng phi c lp vi ngun in
dng cho vic iu khin v m ca.
(c) C kh nng c cung cp t mt ngun in d phng.
(d) Cm bin ca h thng ch bo v bo ng phi c bo v kn nc, bng
ph v trnh c h hng c kh.
(3) H thng ch bo v bo ng trn lu li phi c trang b mt thit b chn chc
nng " cng/ i bin", nh vy tn hiu m thanh v n nu (1)(b) s pht ra nu
tu ri cng vi mt ca hoc mt ca trong khng ng kn v c bt k mt thit b
chn no khng ng v tr.
(4) Phi b tr mt h thng pht hin r r nc c tn hiu m thanh v mn hnh gim
st ch bo cho lu li v cho bung iu khin my t mng r r ca trong.
(5) Gia ca v ca trong phi t mt h thng mn hnh gim st c b phn quan st
lu li v bung iu khin my. H thng ny phi gim st c v tr cc ca v
ton b thit b chn ca. Cn phi xem xt c bit i vi vic chiu sng v mu
sc tng phn ca cc vt th cn quan st.
(6) Phi b tr mt h thng tiu thot nc vng gia ca v cu xe, cng nh vng
gia cu xe v ca trong nu c. H thng ny phi c tn hiu m thanh bo cho
lu li khi mc nc trong vng vt qu 0,5 mi li mt trn mc boong ch xe.
21.3.9 Gia cng quanh l khot t ca
1 Cc gc l khot t ca phi c ln u v phi gia cng tn v bng tm dy hn
hoc t tm kp xung quanh l khot;
2 Nu sn b ct l khot t ca th phi t sn khe c hai bn l khot v t x
ngang thch hp pha trn l khot.
21.3.10 Hng dn bo dng v vn hnh
1 Trn tu phi c hng dn v bo dng v vn hnh ca v ca trong c ng kim
xt duyt c cc ni dung nh sau:
(1) Cc thng s c bn v bn v thit k
(a) Nhng lu c bit v an ton
(b) Cc chi tit v tu, giy chng nhn cp tu v giy chng nhn theo lut nh
(c) Thit b v ti trng thit k (cho cu ph)
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340
(d) Bn v c bn ca thit b (ca, ca trong ca mi v cu ph)
(e) Vic th c nh sn xut khuyn co i vi thit b
(f) M t thit b
(i) Ca
(ii) Ca trong ca mi
(iii) Cu ph mi
(iv) Cm nng lng trung tm
(v) Bng in trn bung li
(vi) Bng in trong bung iu khin my
(2) iu kin phc v
(a) Gc nghing v chi gii hn ca tu nhn/tr hng
(b) Gc nghing v chi gii hn ca tu vn hnh ca/ ca trong ca mi
(c) Hng dn vn hnh ca/ca trong ca mi/cu ph
(d) Hng dn vn hnh trong trng hp s c ca/ca trong ca mi/cu ph
(3) Bo dng
(a) Lch bo dng v phm vi bo dng
(b) Vic x l s c v khe h cho php
(c) Quy trnh bo dng ca nh sn xut
(4) ng k kim tra, bao gm kim tra kha, cht hm v c cu , sa cha v thay th.
21.4 Ca mn v ca ui tu
21.4.1 Phm vi p dng
Phn ny ca Quy chun a ra cc quy nh v b tr, bn v vic c nh cc ca
mn t pha sau vch chng va v cc ca ui dn vo cc khng gian kn (sau y gi
l ca).
21.4.2 B tr cc ca
1 Cc ca phi l ca kn nc;
2 Nu mp di ca mt l khot bt k ca ca i nm thp hn boong mn kh th ca
phi l ca kn nc.
3 Khng ph thuc vo quy nh -2 trn, mp di ca cc ca phi khng c nm
di ng song song vi boong mn kh ti mn c im thp nht nm cao 230
mi-li-mt pha trn ng nc phn khoang trn cng quy nh 4.1.2(3), tr khi c bin
php b sung m bo tnh kn nc nu t (1) n (4) di y.
(1) Mt ca th hai c kn nc v bn tng ng c lp pha trong ca
kn nc
(2) Thit b cm bin r lt c t khng gian gia hai ca
(3) Vic dn nc t khoang ny ti h thng ht kh phi c iu khin bng van d
dng tip cn c ngay
(4) Ca bn ngoi m ra pha ngoi
4 S lng l khot t ca phi ti thiu v ph hp vi dng v v s hot ng ca tu;
V nguyn tc cc ca phi c m ra pha ngoi.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

341
21.4.3 Tiu chun bn
1 Quy cch ca c cu chnh, thit b kho v thit b ca ca v ca trong phi c
tnh ton sao cho chu c cc ti trng tc dng quy nh 21.4.4 vi ng sut cho
php nh sau:
ng sut ct:
80
K
t = (N/mm
2
)
ng sut un:
120
K
o = (N/mm
2
)
ng sut tng ng:
2 2
e
150
3
K
o = o + t = (N/mm
2
)
K : H s ph thuc vo cp thp, bng 1 i vi thp thng, i vi thp bn
cao ly theo 1.1.7-2(1).
2 Phi kim tra bn n nh ca cc c cu chnh mt cch thch ng.
3 i vi thp lm cc c cu chu lc thit b c nh v ca, p lc thng
thng c tnh ton bng cch chia lc thit k cho din tch chu lc d kin, phi
khng vt qu ng sut chy ca vt liu. i vi cc vt liu khc, p lc cho
php phi do ng kim quy nh.
4 Vic b tr cc thit b c nh v ca phi sao cho cc bu lng c ren khng chu lc
. Sc cng (F
max
) ln nht cc ng ren bu lng khng chu lc , khng c
vt qu tr s tnh theo cng thc sau:
max
125
F
K
= (N/mm
2
)
Trong :
K : H s vt liu, nh quy nh -1
Ti trng thit k cho cc c cu chnh ca ca, cc thit b c nh v ca tng ng
phi khng nh hn gi tr tng ng cho Bng 2A/21.3.
Bng 2A/ 21.2 Ti trng thit k
F
e
(kN)
(Ngoi lc)
F
i
(kN)
(Ni lc)
Ca m vo trong AP
e
+F
p
F
0
+10W Thit b c nh
v ca
Ca m ra ngoi AP
e
F
0
+10W +F
p

Cc c cu chnh(1) AP
e
F
0
+10W
Ch thch:
(1) Ti trng thit k i vi cc c cu chnh l F
e
hoc F
i
, chn tr s no ln hn.
Trong :
A : Din tch l ca, din tch hnh chiu theo hng ti trng, m
2
.
W : Khi lng ca, tn.
F
p
: Lc kp tng cng (kN). p lc kp thng thng khng c ly nh hn 5N/mm
F
0
: Tr s ln hn gia F
e
v 5A (kN).
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F
c
: Lc ph hy (kN) do s x dt ca hng ha v.v... b phn b khng u ngoi din
tch A v c ly khng nh hn 300 kN. Nu din tch ca nh hn 30 m
2
th tr s
F
c
c th c gim ph hp n 10A (kN). Tuy nhin, tr s F
c
c th ly bng 0
nu c t b sung mt kt cu ging nh cu ch xe bn trong v kt cu c
kh nng bo v ca khi s x dt ca hng ha.
F
e
: p lc thit k do ngoi lc, c xc nh ti tm l ca v c ly khng nh
hn tr s cho Bng 2A/ 21.4.
Bng 2A/21.3 p lc thit k do ngoi lc P
e

P
e
(kN/m
2
)
ZG <d 10 - (d - ZG) +25
ZG > d 25
Ch thch:
i vi ca ui ca nhng tu c ca mi, P
e
khng c nh hn tr s sau:
2
e
P 0,6(0,8 0,6 L') = +
Trong :
d : Chiu chm tu, m, o ti gia ng nc phn khoang ln nht
ZG: Cao trng tm din tch ca, m, tnh t ng nc c bn
L' : Chiu di tu, m, nh quy nh mc 1.2.20 Phn 1A, tuy nhin khng cn phi ly
ln hn 200 m.
21.4.5 Kch thc ca
1 Quy nh chung
(1) bn ca ca phi tng ng vi kt cu bao quanh ca;
(2) Cc ca phi c gia cng thch ng v phi t cc thit b ngn nga mi
dch chuyn ngang hoc thng ng ca khi ng;
(3) Cc c cu iu khin nng ca v bn l ca lin kt vi kt cu thn tu phi c
bn ph hp;
(4) Nu ca c chc nng nh l cu dc ch xe th khi thit k bn l phi tnh n nh
hng do gc nghing ngang v nghing dc tu to nn ti trng khng ng u
ln bn l.
2 Tm ca
(1) Chiu dy ca tm ca khng c nh hn chiu dy yu cu ca tm v mn ti ch
t ca. Chiu dy ca ca ui khng chu va p trc tip ca sng do ng cu dc
ch xe t ngoi ca ui, c th c gim 20% so vi chiu dy yu cu nu trn;
(2) Ngoi cc quy nh nu (1) ni trn, chiu dy ca tm ca khng c nh hn
chiu dy ti thiu yu cu ca tm v;
(3) Nu ca c chc nng nh l cu dc ch xe, th chiu dy ca khng c nh hn
tr s yu cu i vi boong ch xe.
3 Np ph
(1) Cc c cu chnh phi cc np ph to thnh s gia cng ch yu cho ca;
(2) M un chng un tit din ca cc np ng v np nm khng c nh hn tr s
yu cu i vi sn v tr tnh ton vi khong cch np c ly nh khong cch
sn. Trong trng hp ny nu cn thit th phi xem xt n s khc nhau v v tr
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gia sn tu v np ca;
(3) Nu ca c chc nng nh cu ch xe, th np ca phi c kch thc khng nh
hn kch thc yu cu i vi boong ch xe.
4 C cu chnh
(1) Kch thc ca cc c cu chnh ca ca ni chung phi c tnh ton bng phng
php trc tip kt hp vi p lc ngoi quy nh 21.3.4-1(1) v ng sut cho php
cho mc 21.3.3-1. Thng thng, cc cng thc tnh l thuyt dm n gin c th
c p dng xc nh ng sut un. Cc c cu phi c xem xt c cc gi
n gin hai u.
(2) Tm thnh ca c cu chnh phi c t np gia cng theo phng thng ng
ca tm v;
(3) Cc c cu chnh ca ca v ca thn tu trong vng t ca phi c gia cng
hu hiu m bo tnh ton vn ca vng bao quanh ca
(4) Mt cc np v c cu chnh ca ca phi cng quay c v m men qun
tnh (I) tit din khng c nh hn tr s xc nh theo cng thc sau:
I =8a
4
P
1
(cm
4
)
Trong :
a : Khong cch gia cc thit b c nh ca (m)
P
1
: Lc kp trn mt n v chiu di (N/mm) dc theo mp ca. Trong mi
trng hp lc kp khng c nh hn 5 N/mm.
(5) M men qun tnh tit din ca cc c cu vin ca cc c cu chnh gia cc
thit b chn ca phi c tng t l vi lc kp.
21.4.6 Thit b v chn ca
1 Quy nh chung
(1) Cc ca phi c t thit b v chn c bn v cng tng xng vi kt
cu xung quanh ca;
(2) Cc kt cu ca trong vng lp ca phi chu c ti trng thit k v ng sut
thit k nh l cc thit b v chn ca;
(3) Nu c yu cu t kp th vt liu kp phi l loi tng i mm, v lc phi ch
do kt cu thp chu. Kiu kp khc c th c ng kim xem xt chp nhn;
(4) Khe h thit k ln nht gia thit b chn v ca ni chung khng c vt qu
3 mi-li-mt;
(5) Phi t thit b kha ca c kh v tr m;
(6) Ch cc thit b v chn ca c gia cng hu hiu, tc ng theo hng ph
hp mi cn xt n khi tnh phn lc tc dng ln thit b. Nhng thit b nh
v/hoc mm nh cc vu dng gi cc vt kp, ni chung khng cn xt n khi
tnh ton i vi trng hp -2(2) nu trn.
(7) Ni chung nn t s lng thit b v chn ca mc ti thiu c xt n quy
nh v s lng b qua nu -2(3) v ph hp vi khng gian c sn kt cu thn
tu. V nguyn tc, phi t cc thit b v chn cch nhau khng qu 2,5 mt v
phi t gn cc gc ca.
2 Kch thc
(1) Cc thit b v chn ca phi c thit k sao cho chng c th chu c phn
lc trong phm vi ng sut cho php nu 21.4.3-1.
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(2) Khi tnh ton trc tip, phi lp s phn b phn lc tc dng ln cc thit b v
chn ca, c k n mm ca kt cu thn tu v v tr thc ca c cu .
(3) Vic b tr cc thit b v chn ca trong vng ca cc thit b chn ny phi c
thit k sao cho trong trng hp bt k mt thit b chn hay c lp no b hng
th cc thit b cn li vn kh nng chu c phn lc tc dng m khng c thit
b no chu ng sut vt qu 20% ng sut cho php nu 21.4.3-1.
(4) Tt c cc yu t truyn ti trng theo hng ti trng thit k, t ca thng qua cc
thit b v chn ca n kt cu thn tu, k c mi hn lin kt, phi c bn
ging nh bn tiu chun yu cu i vi cc thit b v chn ca.
21.4.7 B tr kha v chn ca
1 H thng iu khin
(1) Thit b chn ca phi d tip cn v s dng n gin
(2) Thit b chn ca phi c kha kiu c kh (t kha hoc b tr c lp) hoc phi l
kiu trng lc
(3) H thng ng v m ca cng nh thit b chn v kha ca phi t kha trong sao
cho chng ch c th thao tc theo mt trnh t thch hp
(4) Cc ca c t mt phn hoc ton b di boong mn kh c din tch m thng
ln hn 6 mt vung phi t thit b iu khin t xa, t mt v tr nm trn boong
mn kh sau y:
(a) ng v m ca;
(b) Thit b kha v chn ca lin hp.
(5) i vi cc ca c trang b h thng iu khin t xa, phi c ch bo v tr ng m
ca v cc thit b kha v chn ca bng iu khin t xa. Bng iu khin iu
khin cc ca phi sao cho ngi khng c giao nhim v kh ti gn, phi c
bin cnh bo, thng bo rng tt c cc thit b chn u c ng v kha trc
khi tu ri bn, t tng bng iu khin v phi c cnh bo b sung bng n ch
bo.
(6) Nu dng thit b chn thy lc, th h thng phi c kha c kh trng thi ng.
Thit b ny phi m bo sao cho, thm ch mt du thy lc, thit b chn vn c
kha. H thng thy lc dng cho thit b kha v chn ca phi c lp vi cc thit
b thy lc khc, khi v tr ng.
2 H thng ch bo/kim tra
(1) Nhng quy nh sau y p dng cho cc ca bin ca cc khng gian c bit
hoc khng gian ch hng Ro-Ro m qua cc khng gian tu c th b ngp. i
vi cc tu ch hng kh, nu khng c phn no ca ca nm di ng nc
thit k cao nht v c din tch m thng khng ln hn 6 mt vung, th nhng yu
cu ny c th khng cn p dng.
(2) Phi t n ch bo v bo ng c lp nh nu (a) v (b) di y (sau y gi
l h thng ch bo v bo ng) lu li v bng iu khin. H thng ch bo v
bo ng phi c n mang chc nng kim tra. n ch bo lu li phi c thit
k sao cho khng th b ngt.
(a) n ch bo phi ch r rng ca v ca trong c ng, cc thit b chn v
kha ca v tr ph hp.
(b) ch hng hi tn hiu bo ng bng m thanh v n phi ch r rng ca
v ca trong c ng, cc thit b chn v kha ca v tr ph hp.
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(3) H thng ch bo v bo ng phi tha mn nhng yu cu sau y:
(a) c thit k theo nguyn l thiu an ton.
(b) Ngun in dng cho h thng ch bo v bo ng phi c lp vi ngun in
dng cho vic iu khin v m ca.
(c) C kh nng c cung cp t mt ngun in d phng.
(d) Cm bin ca h thng ch bo v bo ng phi c bo v kn nc, bng
ph v trnh c h hng c kh.
(4) H thng ch bo v bo ng trn lu li phi c trang b mt thit b chn chc
nng " cng/i bin", nh vy tn hiu m thanh v n nu (2)(b) s pht ra nu
tu ri cng vi mt ca hoc mt ca trong khng ng kn v c bt k mt thit b
chn no khng ng v tr.
(5) i vi tu khch, phi b tr mt h thng pht hin r r nc, c tn hiu m thanh
v mn hnh gim st ch bo cho lu li v bung iu khin my, ca bt k ca
no b nc r qua.
(6) Phi b tr mt h thng pht hin r r nc, c tn hiu m thanh v nh sng ch
bo bt k ca no ca lu li b r r nc.
1 Ti cc gc ca l khot t ca phi c vin thch ng v phi c gia cng bng
cch tng chiu dy hoc t tm kp.
2 Nu sn b gin on ti l khot t ca th phi t sn khe v sng mn hoc bin
php tng ng bi thng thch ng.
21.4.9 Hng dn bo dng v vn hnh ca
1 Trn tu phi c mt bn hng dn bo dng v vn hnh ca c cc thng tin sau
y:
(1) Cc thng s c bn v bn v thit k
(a) Nhng lu c bit v an ton
(b) Cc chi tit v tu, giy chng nhn cp tu v theo lut nh
(c) Thit b v ti trng thit k (cho cu ph)
(d) Bn v c bn ca thit b (ca, ca trong ca mi v cu ph)
(e) Vic th c nh sn xut khuyn co i vi thit b
(f) M t thit b
(i) Ca mn
(ii) Ca ui
(iii) Cm nng lng trung tm
(iv) Bng in trn bung li
(v) Bng in trong bung iu khin my
(2) iu kin phc v
(a) Gc nghing v chi gii hn ca tu nhn/tr hng
(b) Gc nghing v chi gii hn ca tu vn hnh ca
(c) Hng dn vn hnh ca/cu ph
(d) Hng dn vn hnh trong trng hp s c ca/cu ph
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(3) Bo dng
(a) Lch bo dng v phm vi bo dng
(b) Vic x l s c v khe h cho php
(c) Quy trnh bo dng ca nh sn xut
(4) ng k kim tra, bao gm kim tra kha, cht hm v c cu , sa cha v thay th.
2 Quy trnh iu khin ng v chn ca c ct gi trn tu v dn nhng v tr thch
hp.
21.5 Cc ca hp l v ca s ch nht
21.5.1 Quy nh chung
1 Nhng quy nh Phn ny p dng cho cc ca s mn v cc ca s hnh ch nht t
mn, cc thng tng v lu nm trn boong mn kh t tng 3 tr xung. i vi cc
ca s mn t mn ca cc thng tng v lu nm trn tng 3, cc quy nh ny
c p dng mc ph hp c ng kim chp nhn.
2 Ngoi quy nh -1, ng kim c th chp nhn cho t cc ca s lu thuc tng 3
nm trn boong mn kh, min sao cc ca s ny khng nh hng n tnh kn nc
ca tu v c coi l cn thit i vi hat ng ca tu nh l cc ca trn lu li.
21.5.2 Yu cu chung i vi v tr ca ca hp l
1 Khng c t ca hp l v tr m mp di ca ca nm thp hn ng song song
vi boong mn kh ti mn v c im thp nht cao bng 2,5% chiu rng tu (B)
quy nh Phn 9 hoc 500 mi-li-mt, ly gi tr no ln hn, pha trn ng nc phn
khoang cao nht quy nh Phn 9. Tt c cc mp di ca ca hp l m nm di
boong mn kh v ng m kiu bn l phi b tr kho hm.
2 Khng c b tr ca hp l cho cc khoang d kin ch hng.
3 Np kim loi (deadlight) ca ca hp l c th tho ri c theo yu cu ca ng kim
nu ca hp l tho mn cc iu kin t (1) n (4) sau:
(1) Khi khng yu cu phi lp ca hp l cp A v cp B.
(2) Cc ca hp l ny c lp pha sau mt phn tm chiu di phn khoang (L
S
) quy
nh Phn 9 tnh t ng vung gc mi.
(3) Cc ca hp l ny c lp pha trn ng song song vi boong vch ti mn v
c im thp nht nm cao 3,7 mt tr i 2,5% chiu rng tu (B) quy nh
Phn 9 pha trn ng nc phn khoang cao nht quy nh Phn 9.
(4) Cc np thp kiu tho ri ny phi c c nh bn cnh ca hp l m n phc v.
4 Ca hp l thng gi t ng khng c t trn tn bao pha di boong mn kh.
21.5.3 Yu cu i vi ca s mn
1 Cc ca s mn trn tu phi l cc ca cp A, cp B v cp C ph hp vi cc quy nh
Chng 7 Phn 7B hoc tng ng.
2 Cc ca s mn cp A, cp B v cp C phi c b tr sao cho p lc thit k ca chng
nh hn p lc thit k cho php ln nht xc nh theo ng knh danh ngha v cp
ca chng (xem 21.5.5).
3 Cc ca s mn nm di boong mn kh v t thng tng ui thp phi l ca
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cp A, cp B hoc tng ng.
4 Cc ca s mn, mn hoc thng tng, dn vo cc khng gian trong phm vi tng
mt m tng ny l sn ca lu mt nm trn boong mn kh, c cc l khot boong
khng c bo v dn vo cc khng gian nm di boong mn kh hoc cc lu c xt
n tnh ni khi tnh ton n nh, hoc cc khng gian l thin b nh hng trc tip ca
nc bin phi l cc ca cp A, cp B hoc tng ng.
5 Nu l khot boong thng tng hoc nc lu nm trn boong mn kh dn vo khng gian
nm di boong mn kh hoc khng gian thuc phm vi thng tng kn c bo v bi
lu hoc cu trc tng t, th ca s mn c t nhng khng gian trc tip dn vo
mt cu thang h phi l ca cp A, cp B hoc tng ng. Nu cc vch bung li hoc
cc ca ra vo tch bit khi cc ca s mn, dn trc tip xung di boong mn kh, th
cc yu trn phi c p dng mt cch ph hp c ng kim chp nhn.
6 Cc ca s mn cc khng gian tng hai nm trn boong mn kh, m tng ny c xt
n tnh ni khi tnh ton n nh phi l ca cp A, cp B hoc tng ng.
7 i vi nhng tu c mn kh gim, cc ca s nm di ng nc sau khi b ngp
cc khoang, phi l cc ca kiu c nh.
21.5.4 Bo v cc ca s mn
Cc ca s mn t vng hc neo hoc nhng ch tng t d b h hi, phi c li
bo v chc.
21.5.5 p lc thit k v p lc cho php ln nht ca ca s mn
1 p lc thit k (P) ca ca s mn phi nh hn p lc cho php ln nht xc nh theo
ng knh danh ngha v cp ca ca (xem Bng 2A/21.4). p lc thit k c xc nh
theo cng thc sau y:
P =10ac(bf - y) (kPa)
Trong :
a, b, c v f : Nh quy nh 17.2.1-1.
y : Khong cch thng ng (m) t ng nc ch hng ma h n mp di
ca ca. Nu tu c du mn kh ch g th l khong cch t ng nc ch
g ma h n mp di ca ca.
2 Ngoi nhng quy nh -1, p lc thit k ca ca s mn khng c nh hn tr s p
lc thit k ti thiu cho trong Bng 2A/21.5.
Bng 2A/21.4 p lc cho php ln nht ca ca s mn
Cp
ng knh danh ngha
(mm)
Chiu dy knh
(mm)
p lc cho php ln nht
(kPa)
200 10 328
250 12 302
300 15 328
350 15 241
A
400 19 297
200 8 210 B
250 8 134
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300 10 146
350 12 154
400 12 118
450 15 146
200 6 118
250 6 75
300 8 93
350 8 68
400 10 82
C
450 10 65
Bng 2A/21.5 p lc thit k ti thiu
L s 250 m L >250 m
Vch trc l ca thng
tng tng 1
25 +L/10 (kPa) 50 (kPa)
Cc v tr khc 12,5 +L/20 (kPa) 25 (kPa)
21.5.6 Yu cu chung i vi v tr t cc ca s hnh ch nht
Khng c t cc ca s hnh ch nht nhng khng gian nm di boong mn kh,
tng mt ca thng tng v tng mt lu li nu lu li ny c xt n tnh ni khi tnh
ton n nh, hoc cc l khot boong c bo v dn xung cc khng gian bn trong
nm di boong mn kh.
21.5.7 Yu cu i vi cc ca s hnh ch nht
1 Cc ca s hnh ch nht trn tu phi l ca cp E, cp F ph hp vi cc quy nh
Chng 8 Phn 7B hoc tng ng.
2 Cc ca s hnh ch nht cp E v cp F phi c b tr sao cho p lc thit k ca
chng nh hn p lc cho php ln nht xc nh theo kch thc danh ngha ca v cp
ca chng (xem 23.5.8).
3 Cc ca s hnh ch nht t cc khng gian thuc tng hai, nm trn boong mn kh
c li i trc tip vo mt khng gian tng mt ca thng tng kn hoc khng gian
nm di boong mn kh, phi l loi ca c bn l bt cht hoc ng c nh bn
ngoi. Nu vch bung li hoc ca thuc phm vi tng hai tch bit khi cc khng gian
nm di boong mn kh hoc cc khng gian thuc phm vi tng mt ca thng tng
kn, th cc yu cu i vi ca s hnh ch nht phi c p dng mc ph hp
c ng kim chp nhn.
4 Cc ca s hnh ch nht t cc khng gian thuc tng hai trn boong mn kh c xt
n tnh ni khi tnh n nh, phi l kiu ca c bn l bt cht hoc kiu c ng c
nh bn ngoi.
21.5.8 p lc thit k v p lc cho php ln nht ca cc ca s ch nht
1 p lc thit k ca cc ca s ch nht (P) phi nh hn p lc cho php ln nht xc
nh theo kch thc danh ngha v cp ca chng (xem Bng 2A/21.6). p lc thit k
c xc nh theo cng thc sau y:
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P =10ac(bf - y) (kPa)
Trong :
a, b, c v f : Nh quy nh 17.2.1-1;
y : Khong cch thng ng (m) t ng nc ch hng ma h n mp di
ca ca. Nu tu c du mn kh ch g th l khong cch t ng nc
ch g ma h n mp di ca ca.
2 Ngoi nhng quy nh -1, p lc thit k khng c nh hn p lc thit k nh nht
cho trong Bng 2A/21.5.
Bng 2A/21.6 p lc cho php ln nht ca ca s hnh ch nht
Cp
Kch thc danh ngha
rng (mm) x cao (mm)
Chiu dy knh
(mm)
p lc cho php ln nht
(kPa)
300 x 425 10 99
355 x 500 10 71
400 x 560 12 80
450 x 630 12 63
500 x 710 15 80
560 x 800 15 64
900 x 630 19 81
E
1000 x 710 19 64
300 x 425 8 63
355 x 500 8 45
400 x 560 8 36
450 x 630 8 28
500 x 710 10 36
560 x 800 10 28
900 x 630 12 32
1000 x 710 12 25
F
1100 x 800 15 31
21.6 ng thng gi
21.6.1 Chiu cao ca thnh ng thng gi
Chiu cao ca thnh ng thng gi, tnh t mt trn ca boong, t nht phi bng 900 mi-li-
mt v tr I v t nht phi bng 760 mi-li-mt v tr II theo quy nh 18.1.2. Nu tu c
mn kh qu ln hoc nu ng thng gi phc v khng gian trong thng tng kn th
chiu cao thnh ca ng thng gi c th c gim thch ng.
21.6.2 Chiu dy ca thnh ng thng gi
1 Chiu dy ca thnh ng thng gi v tr I v v tr II dn vo khng gian di boong
mn kh hoc trong thng tng kn phi khng nh hn tr s cho dng 1 Bng
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2A/21.7. Nu chiu cao ca thnh c gim theo quy nh 21.6.1 th chiu dy cng
c gim thch hp.
2 Nu ng thng gi dn qua cc thng tng khng phi l thng tng kn th chiu dy
ca thnh ng thng gi trong thng tng phi khng nh hn tr s cho dng 2 Bng
2A/21.7.
21.6.3 Lin kt
Thnh ng thng gi phi c lin kt chc chn vi boong v nu chiu cao ca thnh
ln hn 900 mi-li-mt th phi c lin kt c bit.
21.6.4 u ng thng gi
u ng thng gi phi c lp kht vo thnh ng thng gi v phi c lp di khng
nh hn 380 mi-li-mt. Vi nhng ng thng gi c ng knh nh hn hoc bng 200
mi-li-mt th c th nh hn.
Bng 2A/21.7 Chiu dy ca thnh ng thng gi
ng knh ngoi ca ng thng gi (mm)
Nh hn hoc
bng 80
160
Ln hn hoc bng 230
nhng nh hn 330
Dng 1 6 8,5 8,5 Chiu dy ca thnh
ng thng gi Dng 2 4,5 4,5 6
Ch thch:
(1) Vi nhng tr s trung gian ca ng knh ngoi ca ng thng gi, chiu dy ca
thnh c tnh theo phng php ni suy tuyn tnh.
(2) Nu ng knh ngoi ca ng thng gi ln hn 330 mi-li-mt th chiu dy ca thnh
phi tha mn yu cu ca ng kim.
21.6.5 Thit b ng
1 ng thng gi vo bung my v khu vc hng ha phi c thit b ng c th thao tc
c t pha ngoi ca cc khng gian khi c ha hon.
2 ng thng gi v tr l ca boong mn kh v boong thng tng phi c thit b ng
kn thi tit hu hiu. Nu chiu cao ca thnh ng thng gi ln hn 4,5 mt tnh t
boong mn kh, boong nng ui v boong thng tng 0,25 L
f
mi tu hoc cao hn
2,3 mt tnh t cc boong thng tng khc th c th khng cn n thit b ng , tr
trng hp yu cu -1.
3 nhng tu c L
f
khng nh hn 100 mt thit b ng quy nh -2 khng cn phi
c t thng xuyn, cn nhng tu khc, nu khng c t thng xuyn th
thit b ng c th c t mt ch thun tin gn l thng gi m n c dng.
21.6.6 Thng gi cho lu
Thit b thng gi cho cc lu bo v li vo cc khng gian di boong mn kh phi
tng ng vi thit b thng gi cho thng tng kn.
21.6.7 Thng gi cho bung my pht in s c
Chiu cao thnh ng thng gi ca bung my pht in s c, tnh t mt cao nht ca
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

351
boong ti thiu phi bng 4,5 mt i vi boong mn kh, cc boong dng v boong
thng tng trong phm vi 0,25 L
f
pha mi hoc 2,3 mt i vi cc boong thng tng
khc; Cc l thng gi khng c t thit b ng kn nc. Tuy nhin, nu do kch
thc tu m vic b tr theo quy nh mc ny l khng th thc hin c, th chiu
cao ca thnh ng thng gi c th c gim n mc ph hp c ng kim chp
nhn.
21.6.8 Nhng yu cu b sung i vi ng thng gi nm trn boong mi l
1 Nu chiu cao ca boong l vng t cc ng thng gi ny nh hn 0,1 L
1
hoc 22 mt
so vi ng nc ch hng thit k ln nht, ly tr s no nh hn, th cc ng thng
gi t trn boong l pha trc ca 0,25 L
1
phi c gia cng thch ng chu
ng c tc dng ca sng bin. Chiu di L
1
c nh ngha 13.2.1-1.
2 Yu cu ny khng p dng cho cc h thng thng gi kt hng v h thng kh tr ca
cc tu du, cc tu ch x kh ho lng v cc tu ch ho cht nguy him.
21.7 Cu boong
21.7.1 Quy nh chung
Phi t nhng phng tin thch ng (nh lan can, dy an ton, cu boong hoc li i
di boong,...) bo v thuyn vin khi ra vo khu vc sinh hot, bung my, v mi cc
khu vc khc s dng cho cc cng vic cn thit ca tu.
21.7.2 Tu du, tu ch kh ha lng, tu ch ha cht nguy him
1 Cc yu cu 21.7.2 p dng cho cc tu du, tu ch kh v tu ch ha cht (t sau
y gi l "cc tu du") chy tuyn quc t.
2 Tu du phi t cc phng tin thuyn vin c th i li ti mi tu an ton thm ch
trong iu kin thi tit xu.
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352
CHNG 22 VN SN V VN THNH
22.1 Vn sn
22.1.1 Tu y n
1 nhng tu y n, lp vn sn kn phi c t ln nhng ngang y ln n
mp trn ca cung hng.
2 Chiu dy ca lp vn sn phi khng nh hn 63 mi-li-mt.
3 Lp vn sn ph ln mt ngang y phi c lm thnh nhng phn tho lp c
hoc phi c t sao cho d g khi cn v sinh, sn hoc kim tra y tu.
22.1.2 Tu y i
1 nhng tu y i lp vn sn kn phi c t t sng hng n mp trn ca cung
hng, sao cho c th tho g c ngay khi cn kim tra rnh tiu nc.
2 Lp vn sn phi c t y trn, vng di ming khoang hng tr khi cc yu cu
4.5.1-3 v 29.2.4-2 c p dng.
3 Lp vn sn ph mt y i phi l nhng thanh g c chiu dy khng nh hn 13 mi-li-
mt, hoc l lp ph theo yu cu 23.4.1.
4 Chiu dy ca lp vn sn ph theo yu cu -1 v -2 phi tha mn yu cu 22.1.1-2.
22.2 Vn thnh
22.2.1 Vn thnh
1 Cc khng gian hng ha dng cha hng tng hp phi c lt bng nhng thanh
lt c chiu dy khng nh hn 50 mi-li-mt, c chiu rng khng nh hn 150 mi-li-mt,
t cch nhau khng xa qu 230 mi-li-mt pha trn ca lp vn sn, hoc phi c bin
php tng ng bo v kt cu.
2 nhng tu dng ch g sn khoang phi c bo v c bit. Tuy nhin, nu
chc chn l tu s khng ch g cy th bin php bo v c th c thay i.
3 khoang hng ca nhng tu nh tu than, tu hng ri, tu qung v nhng tu tng
t, c th khng cn lp vn thnh.
4 Theo yu cu ca ch tu, c s chp thun ca ng kim, cc tu ch hng tng
hp c th khng cn c lp vn thnh, trong trng hp ny, tu c phn bit bng k
hiu n.s trong s ng k.
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CHNG 23 TRNG XI MNG V SN
23.1 Trng xi mng
23.1.1 Quy nh chung
y ca tu y n, hng ca tt c cc tu v y i trong bung ni hi ca tt c
cc tu phi c bo v hu hiu bng xi mng Portland hoc bng nhng vt liu
tng ng khc, ph ln mt tn v c cu cho n mp trn ca cung hng. Tuy
nhin, y ca nhng khoang chuyn dng cha du khng cn phi bo v bng xi
mng.
23.1.2 Xi mng Portland
Xi mng Portland c ha vo nc ngt vi ct hoc nhng cht thch hp theo t l
khong mt phn xi mng hai phn ct.
23.1.3 Chiu dy ca lp xi mng
Chiu dy mp ca lp xi mng phi khng nh hn 20 mi-li-mt.
23.1.4 Bin php c bit i vi tn nc kt
Nu c ph trc tip th tn nc kt phi c ph bng hc n chu nng v ri u bt
xi mng hoc bng mt lp ph tng ng khc.
23.2 Sn
23.2.1 Quy nh chung
1 Tt c cc kt cu bng thp phi c sn bng loi sn thch hp. ng kim c th b
sung cc yu cu ring ph hp vi kiu tu, cng dng ca khoang,... Tuy nhin, vi
cc khoang ng kim nhn thy rng thp c bo v bng bin php hu hiu
chng mn g ngoi bin php sn hoc do cht lng ca hng,... th c th khng
cn phi sn.
2 Cc kt cu bng thp trong kt dng cha nc c th c trng xi mng thay
cho sn.
3 B mt ca cc kt cu thp phi c lm sch hon ton v khng c c g, du v
cc cht bn c hi khc trc khi sn. t nht mt ngoi ca tn mn bn di ng
nc ti trng phi c lm sch g v vy cn trc khi sn.
23.2.2 Sn bo v cc kt ch dng dn bng nc bin v khng gian mn kp
Vi kt ch dng dn bng nc bin ca tt c cc kiu tu c tng dung tch khng
nh hn 500, hot ng trn tuyn quc t v khng gian trong mn kp ca tu hng ri
chy tuyn quc t c chiu di t 150 m tr ln quy nh mc 29.10.1-2(1) phi tho
mn cc yu cu ca TIU CHUN THC HNH I VI VIC SN BO V CC KT
CH DNG DN BNG NC BIN CA CC KIU TU V KHNG GIAN MN
KP CA TU HNG RI (Tiu chun thc hnh i vi vic sn bo v ca IMO/ Ngh
quyt sa i MEPC.215(82) ca IMO).
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CHNG 24 CT V CT CU
24.1 Quy nh chung
24.1.1 Ct khng c thit b cu hng
1 ng knh ngoi ca ct bng thp khng c thit b cu hng v c dy chng quy nh
-4, phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y:
D = 3,3 H (cm) : ng knh ngoi boong trn cng m ct c (t sau
y c gi l chn ct).
D =2,5 H (cm) : ng knh ngoi dn ct hoc ch buc dy chng (T
sau y c gi l nh ct).
Trong :
H : Chiu cao ca ct o t chn n nh (m).
2 Chiu dy tn ct ti mi ch phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y hoc
5 mi-li-mt, ly tr s no ln hn:
t =2,5 +0,1D
m
(mm)
Trong :
D
m
: ng knh ngoi ca ct ti ch ang xt (m).
3 Chn ct v nh ct phi c gia cng chc chn.
4 Bin php chng ct phi khng km hu hiu so vi bin php dng hai cp chng mi
bn mn tu, ng knh ca cp c cho Bng 2A/24.1. Cp c chng sao cho
khong cch t tm mc cp pha trc v t tm mc cp pha sau n chn ct phi
khng nh hn mt phn t chiu cao ca ct o t chn n nh hoc B/4 ly tr s no
ln hn.
Bng 2A/24.1 ng knh ca cp chng
Chiu cao ca ct t chn n nh (m) 9 12 15 18
ng knh ca cp chng (m) 20 22 24 26
Ch thch:
Cp chng phi l cp thp No.1 hoc No.3 quy nh Chng 4 Phn 7B.
24.1.2 Ct cu
Vt liu, kt cu v kch thc ca ct, ct cu v cp chng dng cu hng phi tha
mn cc yu cu tng ng Quy chun thit b nng hng tu bin.
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355
CHNG 25 TRANG THIT B
25.1 Thit b li
25.1.1 Bnh li
1 Phm vi p dng
(1) Nhng yu cu trong Chng ny c p dng cho bnh li hp tit din dng lu
tuyn v bnh li dng thng thng c phn loi theo cc kiu di y:
(a) Kiu A : Bnh li c cht trn v cht di (xem Hnh 2A/25.1(A));
(b) Kiu B : Bnh li c c trc v cht di (xem Hnh 2A/25.1 (B));
(c) Kiu C : Bnh li treo khng c pha di c trc (xem Hnh 2A/25.1(C));
(d) Kiu D : Bnh li na treo c c trc v cht di c nh (xem Hnh 2A/25.1(D));
(e) Kiu E : Bnh li na treo c hai cht trong cht di c nh (xem Hnh 2A/25.1(E)).
(2) Kt cu bnh li c ba cht tr ln v bnh li c dng c bit hoc tit din dng
c bit l i tng xem xt c bit ca ng kim.
(3) Kt cu ca bnh li c gc quay tr ln hn 35
o
v mi mn trong tng trng hp
phi c ng kim xem xt c bit.
2 Vt liu
(1) Trc bnh li, cht li, bu lng lin kt, then, thanh mp bnh li v cc b phn lin
khi ca bnh li phi c lm bng thp cn, thp rn hoc thp cc bon c ph
hp vi nhng quy nh Phn 7A ca Quy chun ny.
Vt liu dng ch to trc li, cht li, bu lng, then v thanh mp ca bnh li phi c
gii hn chy khng nh hn 200 (N/mm
2
).
Nhng yu cu trong Chng ny c p dng cho vt liu c gii hn chy bng
235 (N/mm
2
). Nu vt liu c gii hn chy khc 235 (N/mm
2
) th h s vt liu K c
tnh theo cng thc sau:
e
Y
235
K
| |
=
|
o
\ .

Trong :
e =0,75 nu o
y
>235 N/mm
2

e =1,00 nu o
y
s 235 N/mm
2

o
y
: Gii hn chy (N/mm
2
) ca vt liu s dng v khng c ly ln hn 0,7o
B

hoc 450 (N/mm
2
), ly tr s no nh hn.
o
B
: bn ko ca vt liu c s dng (N/mm
2
).
(2) Khi dng thp c gii hn chy ln hn 235 (N/mm
2
) ng knh ca trc li c th
c gim, nhng phi quan tm c bit n bin dng ca trc li trnh to thnh
p sut qu ln ti mp .
(3) Cc c cu hn ca bnh li nh tn bnh li, xng bnh li v ct bnh li phi
c lm bng thp cn ph hp vi yu cu Phn 7A ca Quy chun. Quy cch
theo yu cu ca cc c cu c th c gim khi s dng thp bn cao. Khi gim
quy cch c cu, h s vt liu k phi ly bng gi tr quy nh 1.1.7-2(1).
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3 Tng ng knh ca trc li trong nhng trng hp c bit
(1) i vi tu ko ng knh trc li phi khng nh hn 1,1 ln ng knh trc li
theo yu cu Chng ny.
(2) i vi cc tu thng hay phi b li gc ln khi chy ht tc nh tu c v.v...,
ng knh trc li, cht li v m un chng un ca tit din ct bnh li phi khng
nh hn 1,1 ln tr s yu cu Chng ny.

Hnh 2A/25.1 Cc dng bnh li
Phn trn
trc li
Phn di
trc li
Cht trn
Cht di
(A)
Gi chn
Gi gia
(B)
Cht di
Gi chn
Phn di
trc li
Phn trn
trc li
(C)
Gi gia
Gi chn
Phn di
trc li
Phn trn
trc li
(D)
Cht di
Gi gia
Gi chn
Phn di
trc li
Phn trn
trc li
(E)
Cht di
Phn trn
trc li
Phn di
trc li
Gi chn
Cht trn
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357
(3) i vi cc tu c yu cu b li nhanh th ng knh trc li phi c tng thch
ng so vi nhng yu cu quy nh Chng ny.
4 o trc v bc trc
Cc ca trc li nm trong khong t y ca bnh li n ng trng ti thit k
ln nht phi c o trc v bc trc.
25.1.2 Lc tc dng ln bnh li
Lc F
R
tc dng ln bnh li khi tu chy tin v chy li c dng lm c s xc nh
kch thc cc chi tit ca bnh li v c tnh theo cng thc sau:
F
R

=132 K
1

K
2
K
3

A V
2

(N)
Trong :
A : Din tch bnh li (m
2
).
V : Tc ca tu (hi l/gi). Nu tc chy tin ca tu nh hn 10 hi l/gi th
V c ly bng V
min
xc nh theo cng thc sau:
min
V 20
V
3
+
= (hi l/gi)
Khi tu chy li, tc Va c tnh theo cng thc sau:
V
a
=0,5 V (hi l/gi)
Tuy nhin, nu tc chy li V
a
nh hn tc chy li thit k th V
a
phi c
ly bng tc chy li thit k.
K
1
: H s, ph thuc h s hnh dng (ca bnh li, c tnh theo cng thc sau:
1
2
K
3
A +
=
Trong :
A : c tnh theo cng thc sau, nhng A khng cn phi ln hn 2:
2
t
h
A
A =
Trong :
h : Chiu cao trung bnh ca bnh li (m), c xc nh theo Hnh
2A/25.2.
A
t
: Bng tng din tch ca bnh li A (m
2
) cng vi din tch tr li hoc
gi bnh li, nu c, nm trong phm vi chiu cao trung bnh h ca
bnh li.
K
2
: H s, ph thuc kiu prfin ca bnh li (xem Bng 2A/25.1).
K
3
: H s, ph thuc v tr ca bnh li theo quy nh di y:
(a) Vi bnh li nm ngoi dng chy sau chn vt: 0,80
(b) Vi bnh li nm trong dng chy sau chn vt: 1,15
(c) Vi cc trng hp khc: 1,00
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

358

Chiu rng trung bnh ca bnh li:

2 3 1
X X X
b
2
+
=
Chiu cao trung bnh ca bnh li:

3 4 2
Z Z Z
b
2
+
=

Hnh 2A/25.2 H thng ta ca bnh li

Bng 2A/25.1 H s K
2

K
2

Kiu Prfin
Khi tu chy tin Khi tu chy li
NACA - 00
Prfin li

1,1 0,80
Prfin lm

1,35 0,90
Prfin phng

1,1 0,90

1
2
3
4
z
x
b
h
A
f

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359
25.1.3 M men xon ln trc li
1 M men xon ln trc li ca bnh li kiu B v C
M men xon T
R
ln trc li ca bnh li kiu B v C khi tu chy tin v chy li c xc
nh tng ng theo cng thc sau y:
T
R

=F
R
.r (Nm)
Trong :
F
R
: Nh quy nh 25.1.2.
r : Khong cch t tm t lc F
R
n ng tm ca trc li, c tnh theo
cng thc sau:
r =b(o - e) (m)
Khi tu chy tin tr s r khng c nh hn tr s r
min
xc nh theo cng
thc:
r
min
=0,1b (m)
Trong :
b : Chiu rng trung bnh (m) ca bnh li, xem Hnh 2A/25.2.
o : c ly nh sau:
0,33 Khi tu chy tin
0,66 Khi tu chy li
e : H s cn bng ca bnh li c tnh theo cng thc :
f
A
e
A
=
Trong :
A
f
: Phn din tch mt bnh li nm pha trc ng tm ca trc li
(m
2
).
A : Nh quy nh 25.1.2.
2 M men xon ln trc li ca bnh li kiu A, D v E

M men xon T
R
ln trc li ca bnh li kiu A, D v E khi tu chy tin hoc chy li
c xc nh tng ng theo cng thc sau:
R R1 R2
T T T = + (Nm)
A
1f

A
2f
A
2

A
1

Hnh 2A/25.3 Phn chia bnh li
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360
Tuy nhin, khi tu chy tin T
R
khng c nh hn T
Rmin
1 1 2 2
Rmin R
A b A b
T 0,1F
A
+
= (Nm)
Trong :
T
R1
v T
R2
: M men xon tng ng ca cc phn din tch A
1
v A
2
(Nm).
A
1
v A
2
: Tng ng l din tch phn trn v phn di bnh li (m
2
), m
A =A
1
+A
2
(A
1
bao gm c A
1f
v A
2
gm A
2f
), xem Hnh 2A/ 25.3.
b
1
v b
2
: Chiu rng trung bnh tng ng vi cc phn din tch A
1
, A
2
xem
Hnh 2A/25.3.
F
R
v A : Nh quy nh 25.1.2.
T
R1
v T
R2
, tng ng l m men xon ng vi cc phn din tch bnh li A
1
v A
2

c tnh theo cc cng thc sau:
T
R1
= F
R1
. r
1

(Nm)
T
R2
= F
R2
. r
2
(Nm)
F
R1
v F
R2
tng ng l lc tc dng ln cc phn din tch A
1
v A
2
, c tnh
theo cc cng thc sau:
1
R1 R
A
F F
A
= (N)
2
R2 R
A
F F
A
= (N)
r
1
v r
2
: Tng ng l khong cch t tm p lc ca cc phn din tch bnh li
A
1
v A
2
n ng tm ca trc li, c tnh theo cc cng thc sau:
r
1
=b
1
(o - e
1
) (m)
r
2
=b
2
(o - e
2
) (m)
Trong :
e
1
v e
2
: Tng ng l h s cn bng ng vi cc phn din tch A
1
v A
2

ca bnh li c tnh theo cng thc sau:

1f
1
1
A
e
A
= ,
2f
2
2
A
e
A
=
o : c xc nh nh sau:
i vi bnh li khng nm sau kt cu c nh nh gi bnh li:
Khi tu chy tin : o =0,33
Khi tu chy li : o =0,66
i vi bnh li nm sau kt cu c nh nh gi bnh li:
Khi tu chy tin : o =0,25
Khi tu chy li : o =0,55
25.1.4 Tnh ton h li theo bn
1 Tnh ton trc tip h li
(1) H li phi c bn chu c lc v m men xon quy nh 25.1.2 v
25.1.3. xc nh kch thc tng phn ca bnh li, phi xt n cc lc v m
men sau y:
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361
i vi thn bnh li: M men un v lc ct
i vi trc li: M men un v m men xon
i vi cht v trc li: Phn lc gi
(2) M men un, lc ct v phn lc gi phi c xc nh bng phng php tnh
ton trc tip hoc bng cc phng php tng t khc c ng kim chp nhn.
25.1.5 Trc li
1 Phn trn ca trc li
ng knh phn trn ca trc li d
u
yu cu truyn c m men xon phi c xc
nh sao cho ng sut xon khng c ln hn 68/K
S
(N/mm
2
).
ng knh phn trn ca trc li c tnh theo cng thc sau:
3
u R S
d 4,2. T K = (mm)
Trong :
T
R
: Nh quy nh 25.1.3.
K
S
: H s vt liu trc li quy nh theo 25.1.1-2.
2 Phn di ca trc li
ng knh d
1
ca phn di trc li chu tng hp c m men un v m men xon phi
c xc nh sao cho ng sut tng ng trc li khng ln hn 118/K
S
(N/mm
2
).
ng sut tng ng o
e
c tnh theo cng thc sau:
2 2
e b t
3 o = o + t (N/mm
2
)
ng sut un v ng sut xon tc dng ln phn di ca trc li c tnh nh sau:
ng sut un :
3
b 3
1
10,2M
10
d
o = (N/mm
2
)
ng sut xon :
3 R
t 3
1
5,1T
10
d
t = (N/mm
2
)
Trong :
M : M men un (Nm) ti tit din ang xt ca phn di ca trc li.
T
R
: Nh quy nh 25.1.3.
Nu tit din phn di ca trc li c dng trn th ng knh d
l
ca trc li c th c
2
6
l u
R
4 M
d d 1
3 T
| |
= +
|
\ .
(mm)
Trong :
d
u
: ng knh phn trn ca trc li (mm), nh quy nh 25.1.5-1.
25.1.6 Tn bnh li, xng bnh li v ct bnh li
1 Tn bnh li
Chiu dy tn bnh li t khng c nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau:
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

362
4
R
p1
F 10
t 5,5S d K 2,5
A
| |
= | + +
|
\ .
(mm)
Trong :
F
R
v A : Nh quy nh 25.1.2.
K
pl
: H s vt liu tn bnh li, quy nh theo 25.1.1-2.
| : c tnh theo cng thc sau, nhng | khng cn phi ln hn 1,0 ( y
a
2,5)
S
>

2
S
1,1 0,5
a
| |
| =
|
\ .

Trong :
S : Khong cch ca cc xng nm hoc cc xng ng ca bnh
li, ly gi tr no nh hn (m).
a : Khong cch ca cc xng nm hoc cc xng ng ca bnh
li, ly gi tr no ln hn (m)
2 Xng bnh li
(1) Thn bnh li phi c gia cng bng cc xng ng v xng nm sao cho
thn bnh li c tc dng nh dm chu un.
(2) Khong cch chun (S) ca cc xng nm ca bnh li c tnh theo cng thc
sau:
L
S 0,2 0,4
100
| |
= +
|
\ .
(m)
(3) Khong cch chun t xng ng to thnh ct bnh li n xng ng ln cn
phi bng 1,5 ln khong cch ca xng nm ca bnh li;
(4) Chiu dy ca xng bnh li khng c nh hn 8 mi-li-mt hoc 70% chiu dy
ca tn bnh li theo 25.1.6-1, ly tr s no ln hn.
3 Ct bnh li
(1) Cc xng ng to thnh ct bnh li phi c t pha trc v sau ng tm
trc li vi khong cch gn bng chiu rng ca tit din bnh li nu ct gm hai
xng ng v t theo ng tm ca trc li nu ct gm mt xng.
(2) M un chng un tit din ct phi c tnh ton theo cc xng ng quy nh
(1) cng vi di mp km ca tn bnh li. Chiu rng ca di tn mp km c ly
nh sau:
(a) Nu ct gm hai xng ng th chiu rng ca mp km c ly bng 0,2 ln
chiu di ca ct.
(b) Nu ct gm mt xng ng th chiu rng ca mp km c ly bng 0,16
ln chiu di ca ct.
(3) M un chng un v din tch tit din nm ngang ca ct phi sao cho ng sut
un, ng sut ct v ng sut tng ng khng c ln hn cc tr s di y:
ng sut un:
b
m
110
K
o = (N/mm
2
)
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363
ng sut ct :
m
50
K
t = (N/mm
2
)
ng sut tng ng :
2 2
e b
m
120
3
K
o = o + t = (N/mm
2
)
Tuy nhin, vi bnh li kiu A, D v E, m un chng un v din tch tit din nm
ngang ca ct ch c khot l phi sao cho ng sut un, ng sut ct v ng sut
tng ng khng c ln hn cc tr s sau y:
ng sut un :
b
m
75
K
o = (N/mm
2
)
ng sut ct :
m
50
K
t = (N/mm
2
)
ng sut tng ng :
2 2
e b
m
100
3
K
o = o + t = (N/mm
2
)
Trong :
K
m
: H s vt liu ca ct ly nh 25.1.1-2.
(4) Phn trn ca ct phi kt cu sao cho trnh c s gin on ca kt cu.
(5) Cc l khot bo dng v cc l khot khc tn bnh li kiu A, D v E phi
c ln trn thch hp.
4 Lin kt
Tn bnh li phi c lin kt chc chn vi xng bnh li, cn lu n cc bin
php cng ngh. Cc b phn lin kt phi khng c c khuyt tt.
5 Sn v thot nc
Mt trong ca tn bnh li phi c sn hu hiu, v phi t cc phng tin thot
nc y ca bnh li.
25.1.7 Mi ni gia trc li v ct bnh li
1 Mi ni kiu bch nm
(1) Bu lng ni phi l loi lp cht. S lng bu lng ni mi cp bch phi khng t
hn su ci.
(2) ng knh d
b
ca bu lng ni khng c nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau:
3
b
b
m S
d K
d 0,62
ne K
= (mm)
Trong :
d : ng knh ca trc li (mm), ly tr no ln hn trong cc tr s ng
knh d
u
quy nh 25.1.5-1 hoc d
1
quy nh 25.1.5-2.
n : Tng s bu lng ni.
e
m
: Khong cch trung bnh t tm bu lng n tm bch.
K
S
: H s vt liu ca trc li, nh quy nh 25.1.1-2.
K
b
: H s vt liu ca bu lng ni, nh quy nh 25.1.1-2.
(3) Chiu dy bch ni t
f
phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau, nhng khng
c nh hn 0,9 d
b
(mm).
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364
f
f b
b
K
t d
K
= (mm)
Trong :
K
f
: H s vt liu ca bch ni, nh quy nh 25.1.1-2.
K
b
: Nh quy nh (2).
d
b
: ng knh bu lng ni (mm), ph thuc s lng bu lng ni, nhng s
lng ny khng c ly ln hn 8.
(4) Khong cch t mp l bu lng ni n mp ngoi ca bch ni khng c nh hn
0,67d
b
(mm).
2 Mi ni kiu cn
(1) Mi ni cn c hoc khng c h thng thy lc (u phun du v cu thy lc, v.v...)
tho v lp mi ni phi c cn theo ng knh t 1: 8 ~ 1:12 (xem Hnh
2A/25.4).
Chiu di l ca on cn lp vo bnh li v c nh bng cc cu hm phi khng
nh hn 1,5 ln ng knh d
0
nh bnh li. Trong trng hp ny, phn lin kt
gia trc li v bnh li phi c then. Kch thc ca then phi tha mn yu cu
ng kim.
(2) Kch thc cu nu (1) phi ph hp vi yu cu di y, ly gi tr no ln hn
(xem Hnh 2A/25.4):
(a) ng knh nh ren : d
g
> 0,65d
0
(mm)
(b) Chiu cao cu : h
n
> 0,6d
g
(mm)
(c) ng knh ngoi ca cu : d
n
> 1,2d
e
hoc 1,5d
g
(mm)
(3) Mi ni cn c hoc khng c h thng thy lc (u phun du v cu thy lc,
v.v...) tho v lp mi ni phi c cn theo ng knh t 1:12 ~1:20 (xem
Hnh 2A/25.4).
Lc p v chiu di p phi tha mn yu cu ng kim.
(4) cu c nh trc li phi c c cu hm chc chn.
(5) Mi ni trc li phi c bo v tt chng n mn.

Hnh 2A/25.4 Mi ni cn
3 Mi ni kiu bch ng
(1) Bu lng ni bch phi l loi lp cht. S lng bu lng ni trn mt bch ni khng
c t hn tm.
d0
l
de
hn
dg
dn
cn =
0 e
d d
l

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(2) ng knh ca bu lng ni khng c nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau:
b
b
S
K 0,81d
d
K
n
= (mm)
Trong :
d : ng knh trc li (mm) ly tr s ln hn trong cc tr s ng knh d
u

quy nh 25.1.5-1 v d
l
quy nh 25.1.5-2.
n : S lng bu lng ni.
K
b
: H s vt liu ca bu lng ni quy nh 25.1.1-2.
K
S
: H s vt liu ca trc li quy nh 25.1.1-2.
(3) M men din tch M ca cc bu lng i vi ng tm ca bch ni phi khng nh
hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau:
M =0,00043d
3
(cm
3
)
(4) Chiu dy ca bch ni t nht phi bng ng knh ca bu lng ni.
(5) Khong cch t mp l bu lng n mp ngoi ca bch ni khng c nh hn
0,67 d
b
(mm).
25.1.8 Cht li
1 ng knh ca cht li
ng knh cht li d
p
phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau:
p p
d 0,35 BK = (mm)
Trong :
B : Phn lc ti gi (N).
K
p
: H s vt liu ca cht li, quy nh theo 25.1.1-2.
2 Kt cu ca cht li
(1) Cht li phi c kt cu kiu bu lng cn, cn theo ng knh khng c ln
hn tr s di y. Cht phi c lp vo cc khi c ca bnh li. cu c nh
cht phi c hm chc chn.
(a) i vi cht li c lp v hm bng cu : 1:8 ~1:12
(b) i vi cht li c lp bng h thng thy lc (u phun du v cu thy lc,
v. v...) : 1:12 ~1:20
(2) ng knh ti thiu ca nh ren v cu ca cht li phi c xc nh theo yu
cu tng ng 25.1.7-2(2).
(3) Chiu di phn cn ca cht li khng c nh hn ng knh ln nht ca cht.
(4) Cht li phi c bo v thch ng chng n mn.
25.1.9 trc li v cht li
1 B mt nh nht
B mt A
b
(ly bng tch ca chiu di v ng knh ngoi ca o bc trc) khng c
nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau:
b
a
B
A
q
= (mm
2
)
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Trong :
B : Nh quy nh 25.1.8-1.
q
a
: p sut b mt cho php (N/mm
2
). p sut b mt cho php ca phi c
ly nh Bng 2A/25.2. Tuy nhin, nu dng th nghim xc nhn th c th
ly cc gi tr khc so vi tr s Bng ny.
Bng 2A/25.2 p sut b mt cho php q
a

Vt liu lm q
a

G gai c 2,5
Kim loi mu (bi trn bng du) 4,5
Vt liu tng hp c cng t 60 n 70, c ct D (xem ch thch 1) 5,5
Thp (xem ch thch 2), ng thau v vt liu ng thau - graphic p nng 7,0
Ch thch:
(1) Th cng phn bit nhit 23
o
C v m 50% theo cc Tiu chun
c cng nhn. bng vt liu tng hp phi c kiu c ng kim cng
nhn.
(2) Thp khng g v thp chng mn phi ph hp vi ng bc trc m khng gy n
mn in ha.
2 Chiu di
T s gia chiu di v ng knh mt phi khng nh hn 1,0. Tuy nhin, nu
khng c quy nh no khc th t s ny khng c ln hn 1,2, tr khi c ng
kim chp nhn.
3 Khe h
Nu c lm bng vt liu kim loi th khe h phi khng c nh hn
bs
d
1,0
1000
+
(mm) theo hng ng knh, trong cng thc ny d
bs
l ng knh trong ca bc (mm).
Nu lm bng vt liu phi kim loi th khe h c xc nh thng qua vic xem xt
c tnh dn n nhit v phng rp ca vt liu. Trong mi trng hp, khe h ny phi
khng c ly nh hn 1,5 mi-li-mt theo hng ng knh ca .

25.1.10 Ph tng bnh li
1 chn trc li
Phi t chn ph hp vi kiu v trng lng ca bnh li v phi ch bi trn tt.
2 Chn nhy bnh li
Phi lp t mt c cu ph hp trnh hin tng bnh li b nhy do va p ca sng.
25.2 Trang thit b
25.2.1 Neo, xch neo v dy chng buc
1 Quy nh chung
(1) Theo c trng cung cp, tt c cc tu phi c trang b neo, xch neo v dy buc
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tu khng t hn s lng quy nh Bng 2A/25.3.
(2) i vi cc tu c c trng cung cp nh hn 50 hoc ln hn 16000 th s lng
neo, xch neo v dy buc trang b cho tu phi do ng kim quy nh.
(3) Hai neo mi quy nh trong Bng 2A/25.3 phi c ni vi xch neo v t vo v tr
sn sng s dng trn tu. Nu trong Bng 2A/25.3 quy nh ba neo mi th chic
neo mi th ba trn tu c dng lm neo d tr. Tuy nhin, nu ch tu yu cu
th c th cho php min chic neo d tr ny.
(4) Neo, xch neo, cp thp v cp si phi ph hp vi nhng yu cu tng ng quy
nh Chng 2, Chng 3, Chng 4 v Chng 5 ca Phn 7B.
2 c trng cung cp ca thit b (EN)
(1) c trng cung cp ca trang thit b c tnh theo cng thc sau:
EN =W
2/3
+2,0hB +0,1A
Trong :
W : Lng chim nc ton ti ca tu (T).
h v A : Tr s quy nh (a), (b) v (c) sau y:
(a) h l tr s tnh theo cng thc:
h = f +h
Trong :
f : Khong cch thng ng gia tu t ng nc ch hng thit k
ln nht n mt trn ca x boong lin tc trn cng ti mn (m).
h' : Chiu cao tnh t boong lin tc trn cng n nc ca thng tng
hoc lu trn cng c chiu rng ln hn B/4 (m).
Khi xc nh tr s h c th b qua cong dc v chi ca tu. Nu
lu c chiu rng ln hn B/4 nm trn lu c chiu rng bng hoc
nh hn B/4 th lu hp hn c th c b qua.
(b) A l tr s tnh theo cng thc sau:
fL
1
+Eh"l
f : Tr s quy nh (1).
L
1
: Chiu di tu quy nh 13.2.1-1.
Eh"l : Tng cc tch s ca chiu cao h" (m) v chiu di l (m) ca cc
thng tng, lu hoc chi boong nm trn boong lin tc cao nht
trong phm vi L
1
v c chiu rng ln hn B/4 v chiu cao ln hn
1,5 m.
(c) Khi p dng (a) v (b) mn chn sng v lan can c chiu cao ln hn 1,5 m
phi c coi l mt phn ca thng tng hoc lu.
(2) Khng ph thuc vo nhng quy nh (1), i vi tu ko, s c trng cung cp
(EN) phi c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
EN =W
2/3
+2,0(fB +E hb) +0,1A
Trong :
W, f v A ly nh quy nh (1)
Eh"l : Tng cc tch s ca chiu cao h" (m) v chiu rng b (m) ca mi thng
tng v lu c chiu rng ln hn B/4 nm trn boong lin tc cao nht.
3 Neo
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(1) Khi lng ca mt neo mi c th c cho php sai khc (7% so vi khi lng
quy nh Bng 2A/25.3, nhng vi iu kin tng khi lng ca cc neo mi khng
c nh hn khi lng nhn c khi nhn khi lng ca tng neo cho trong
bng vi s lng neo lp t trn tu. Tuy nhin, nu c ng kim chp nhn c
th s dng neo c khi lng tng ln qu 7%.
(2) Nu s dng neo c ngng th khi lng neo tr ngng khng c nh hn 0,80
ln khi lng cho trong bng i vi neo mi khng ngng thng thng.
Nu dng neo c lc bm cao th khi lng ca tng chic c th ly bng 0,75 ln
khi lng cho trong bng i vi neo khng ngng thng thng.
Nu dng neo c lc bm c bit cao, th khi lng neo c th ly bng 0,50 ln
khi lng cho trong bng i vi neo mi khng ngng thng thng. Tuy nhin,
khi lng ca neo c lc bm c bit cao khng cn vt qu 1500 kg.
4 Xch neo
Xch neo mi phi l loi xch c ngng cp 1, 2 hoc 3 quy nh 3.1 Chng 3 ca
Phn 7B. Tuy nhin, xch cp 1 (SBC 31) khng c dng cho neo c bm cao.
5 Dy chng buc
(1) Nu s dng cp thp, cp si tho mc lm dy buc tu th ti th ko t quy nh
Chng 4 hoc Chng 5 ca Phn 7B khng c nh hn ti th ko t tng
ng quy nh Bng 2A/25.3.
(2) i vi cc tu c t s A/EN ln hn 0,9 th ngoi s lng dy quy nh Bng
2A/25.3, cn phi trang b thm s lng dy quy nh di y:
(a) Nu 0,9 <A/EN s 1,1 : 1
(b) Nu 1,1 <A/EN s 1,2 : 2
(c) Nu A/EN >1,2 : 3
Trong :
EN : c trng cung cp
A : Nh quy nh 25.2.1-2(2)
(3) i vi mi dy buc tu c ti th ko t yu cu ln hn 490 kN theo Bng
2A/25.3 th bn yu cu ca dy c th c gim do tng s lng dy buc v
ngc li vi iu kin tng ti ko t ca tt c cc dy buc trn tu khng c
nh hn tr s nhn c do nhn tr s ti ko t yu cu Bng 2A/25.3 vi tng
s dy yu cu Bng 2A/25.3 v (2) mc d c yu cu (1). Tuy nhin, trong
mi trng hp s lng dy buc khng c nh hn 6 v mt trong cc dy ny
khng c c ti th ko t nh hn 490 kN.
(4) Nu c ng kim chp nhn c th s dng cp si tng hp lm dy buc.
(5) Nu c ng kim chp nhn c th dng cp li thp cu to n hi tng ng
thay cho cp li si lm dy chng buc v c cun vo tang trng ca ti cun
dy trn tu.
(6) Chiu di ca mi si dy buc c th c gim 7% so vi chiu di quy nh
Bng 2A/25.3, nu chiu di tng cng ca cc dy buc theo quy nh khng nh
hn tr s nhn c do nhn chiu di ca dy vi s dy tng ng quy nh
Bng 2A/25.3.
6 Dy ko
Dy ko trang b trn tu phi tha mn cc yu cu di y:
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(1) Chiu di dy ko khng c nh hn tr s quy nh Bng 2A/25.3 theo s c
trng cung cp ca thit b.
(2) C th dng cp thp, cp si tho mc lm dy ko nu ti th ko t quy nh
Chng 4 hoc Chng 5 Phn 7B khng nh hn ti th ko t quy nh Bng
2A/25.3 theo s c trng cung cp ca thit b. Vic s dng cp si tng hp lm
dy ko phi c ng kim chp thun.
(3) Cp thp, cp si tho mc hoc cp si tng hp dng lm dy ko phi tha mn
nhng yu cu tng ng quy nh Chng 4 hoc Chng 5 ca Phn 7B.
7 Hm xch
(1) Hm xch bao gm c ng dn xch phi kn nc n tn boong thi tit v phi c
phng tin thot nc.
(2) Hm xch phi c phn chia bng vch ngn dc tm.
(3) Nu t phng tin tip cn, th phi ng kn bng np y chc chn v c xit
cht bng cc bu lng xit cht.
(4) Cc ng dn xch neo phi c thit b ng kn c nh gim ti a nc lt vo
hm xch.
8 Nhng quy nh khc
(1) Tt c cc tu phi c trang b cc phng tin ko th neo.
(2) Mt u ca xch neo phi c buc c nh vo thn tu bng ma n thng qua mt
khuyt ni khe v u kia c ni vi neo bng ma n hoc cc c cu tng
ng khc.
25.2.2 Trang b ko v trang b chng buc
1 Quy nh chung
(1) Cc quy nh 25.2.2 p dng cho cc thit b ca tu dng ko v chng buc
thng thng (sau y gi l "thit b ko" v "thit b chng buc" trong mc 25.3
ny), v cc c cu chng (sau y gi l "cc c cu " trong mc 25.3 ny).
(2) Tu phi c trang b cc thit b ko v thit b chng buc.
(3) Quy cch ca cc c cu phi c gia cng t nht l theo quy cch tng cng
c tnh bng cch cng thm lng mn g quy nh 25.2.2-2(5) v 25.2.2-3(5)
vi quy cch ti thiu xc nh theo tiu chun quy nh Chng ny.
(4) Quy cch ca cc c cu phi ph hp vi cc chng c lin quan hoc cc mc
khc thm vo vi yu cu mc ny.
2 Trang b ko
(1) B tr cc thit b ko
(a) Cc thit b ko phi nm trn cc x dc, x ngang hoc sng l mt phn ca
kt cu boong sao cho m bo s phn b hiu qu ti trng do ko.
(b) Khi cc thit b ko khng th b tr nh quy nh (b), cc thit b ko phi c
b tr trn cc c cu c gia cng.
(2) Ti trng thit k
Ti trng thit k dng cho cc thit b ko v cc c cu (sau y gi l "Ti trng
thit k ca thit b") (Xem Hnh 2A/25.5 trong mc ny) c quy nh t (a) n (f)
di y:
(a) Vi cc thao tc ko thng thng (tc l khi ra vo cng/iu ng), ti trng
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thit k trn cp (Xem Hnh 2A/25.5) phi bng 1,25 ln ti trng ko d kin ln
nht.
(b) Vi dch v ko khc (chng hn ko theo on), ti trng thit k trn cp (Xem
Hnh 2A/25.5) phi bng gii hn ko t ca cp ko quy nh Bng 2A/25.3
ty thuc s c trng thit b tng ng ca tu tnh theo 25.2.1-2.
(c) Khi t ti trng thit k ln thit b ko v c cu tnh ton phi xt n cc
ti trng tc dng khc.
(d) im t ca lc ko trn thit b ko phi c ly ti im tip xc ca dy ko
hoc ti im chuyn hng ca dy ko.
(e) Ti trng thit k tc dng ln thit b ko v cc c cu chng phi c ly
c xt n lc tc dng tng cng do ti trng thit k trn cp (Xem Hnh
2A/25.5), nhng khng cn ln hn hai ln ti trng thit k trn cp ko.
(f) Vi cc thit b ko v c cu dng ko nh quy nh (b), nu ti trng
thit k quy nh t (b) n (e) nh hn ti trng ko d kin nu trong thuyt
minh kt cu chung ca tu th ti trng thit k thit b ko phi khng nh hn
ti trng ko d kin.
(3) La chn thit b ko
Cc thit b ko ni chung phi c la chn theo cc tiu chun c ng
kim cng nhn.
(4) ng sut cho php ca c cu
ng sut cho php ca c cu phi khng c ly ln hn:
(a) ng sut thng : 100% ng sut chy quy nh i vi vt liu c s dng
(b) ng sut ct : 60% ng sut chy quy nh i vi vt liu c s dng
(5) Lng b sung cho mn g ca c cu
Lng b sung cho mn g ca c cu phi khng nh hn cc tr s sau y:
(a) Vi tu hng ri quy nh 1.1.2-1, Phn 1A ca Quy chun, lng b sung cho
mn g c quy nh 3.3 Chng 3 Phn 2A-B ca Quy chun.
(b) Vi tu du v kp quy nh 1.1.2-2, Phn 1A ca Quy chun, lng b sung
cho mn g c quy nh mc 6.3, Chng 6, Phn 2A-T ca Quy chun.
(c) Vi cc tu khc, tr s ny s c ng kim xem xt, nhng khng c nh
hn 2mm.
(6) Ti trng lm vic an ton (SWL)
(a) i vi cc thit b ko v c cu dng ko theo quy nh (2)(a), SWL
phi khng c ln hn 80% ti trng thit k ca thit b quy nh (2)(a) v t
(2)(c) n (2)(e).
(b) Vi cc thit b ko v cc c cu dng ko theo quy nh (2)(b), SWL
phi khng c ln hn ti trng thit k ca thit b quy nh t (2)(b) n
(2)(f).
(c) Vi cc thit b ko v cc c cu dng ko theo quy nh c (2)(a) v
(2)(b), SWL phi khng c ln hn ti trng thit k ln hn ca c hai dng
thao tc.
(d) SWL ca mi thit b phi c nh du bng mi hn im hoc tng ng
trn thit b.
3 Thit b chng buc
(1) B tr cc thit b chng buc
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(a) Cc thit b chng buc phi nm trn cc x dc, x ngang hoc sng l mt
phn ca kt cu boong sao cho m bo s phn b hiu qu ti trng do chng
buc.
(b) Khi cc thit b chng buc khng th b tr nh quy nh (b), cc thit b chng
buc phi c b tr trn cc c cu c gia cng.
(2) Ti trng thit k
Ti trng thit k dng cho cc thit b chng buc v cc c cu (sau y gi l
"Ti trng thit k ca thit b") (Xem Hnh 2A/25.5 trong mc ny) c quy nh t
(1) n (7) di y:
(a) Ti trng thit k trn cp (Xem Hnh 2A/25.5) phi bng 1,25 ln gii hn ko t
ca dy chng buc quy nh Bng 2A/25.3 ty thuc s c trng thit b
tng ng ca tu tnh theo 25.2.1-2.
(b) Khi t ti trng thit k ln thit b chng buc v c cu tnh ton phi xt
n cc ti trng tc dng khc.
(c) im t ca lc chng buc trn thit b chng buc phi c ly ti im tip
xc ca dy chng buc hoc ti im chuyn hng ca dy chng buc.
(d) Ti trng thit k tc dng ln thit b chng buc v cc c cu phi c ly
c xt n lc tc dng tng cng do ti trng thit k trn cp (Xem Hnh
2A/25.5), nhng khng cn ln hn hai ln ti trng thit k trn cp chng buc.
(e) Nu ti trng thit k tc dng ln thit b chng buc quy nh t (a) n (d)
nh hn ti trng chng buc d kin nu trong thuyt minh kt cu chung ca
tu th ti trng thit k thit b ko phi khng nh hn ti trng chng buc d
kin.
(f) Ti trng tc dng cho c cu ca thn tu ca ti chng buc, v.v..., phi
bng 1,25 ln ti trng gi phanh ti ln nht d kin.
(g) Ti trng thit k tc dng cho c cu thn tu ti ng phi bng 1,25 ln lc
ko d kin ln nht ca dy.
(3) La chn thit b chng buc
Cc thit b chng buc ni chung phi c la chn theo cc tiu chun c
ng kim cng nhn.
(4) ng sut cho php ca c cu
ng sut cho php ca c cu phi khng c ly ln hn:
(a) ng sut thng : 100% ng sut chy quy nh i vi vt liu c s dng
(b) ng sut ct : 60% ng sut chy quy nh i vi vt liu c s dng
(5) Lng b sung cho mn g ca c cu
Lng b sung cho mn g ca c cu phi khng nh hn cc tr s sau y:
(a) Vi tu hng ri quy nh 1.1.2-1, Phn 1A ca Quy chun, lng b sung cho
mn g c quy nh 3.3, Chng 3, Mc 3, Phn 2A-B ca Quy chun.
(b) Vi tu du v kp quy nh 1.1.2-2, Phn 1A ca Quy chun, lng b sung
cho mn g c quy nh mc 6.3, Chng 6, Phn 2A-T ca Quy chun.
(c) Vi cc tu khc, tr s ny s c ng kim xem xt, nhng khng c nh
hn 2 mm.
(6) Ti trng lm vic an ton (SWL)
(a) SWL phi khng c ln hn 80% ti trng thit k ca thit b quy nh t
(2)(a) n (2)(e) hoc ti trng thit k quy nh (2)(f) hoc (2)(g).
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

372
(b) SWL ca mi thit b, k c ti chng buc kiu ng v kiu nm phi c
nh du bng mi hn im hoc tng ng trn thit b.
4 S b tr thit b ko v chng buc
Tu phi c Bn v b tr thit b ko v thit b chng buc nh di y:
(1) Tiu chun c cng nhn v s tham kho ca cc thit b ko v thit b chng buc
(2) Vi mi thit b ko v thit b chng buc, v tr trn tu, cng dng (chng buc,
ko trong cng v ko theo on), SWL v cch t lc ca dy ko v dy chng
buc k c gc t dy gii hn.

Hnh 2A/25.5 Ti trng thit k
25.2.3 Thit b ko s c
1 Phm vi p dng
Nhng quy nh trong mc 25.2.3 ny p dng cho cc tu du, tu ch x kh ha lng v
tu ch x ha cht nguy him c trng ti (DWT) khng nh hn 20.000 tn (t sau y
gi l cc tu).
2 Quy nh chung
(1) Thit b ko s c c ng kim xt duyt c phn ra thnh hai kiu, mt kiu
gi l kiu 1.000 kN v kiu cn li gi l kiu 2000 kN.
(2) Thit b ko s c phi c kh nng nhanh chng a vo hot ng v d dng ni
vi tu ko vo bt k lc no k c khi mt ngun in chnh trn tu.
(3) Phi b tr thit b ko s c ph hp c hai mp mn tu, ph thuc vo trng ti
ton phn (DWT) ca tu theo yu cu (a) v (b):
(a) Kiu thit b ko s c 1.000 kN i vi tu c : 20.000 tn s DWT <50.000 tn
(b) Kiu thit b ko s c 2.000 kN i vi tu c : DWT > 50.000 tn
(4) Ti thiu phi c mt thit b ko s c theo quy nh (3) c b tr sn sng trc
c th a vo hot ng nhanh chng.
Thit b
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

373
Bng 2A/25.3 Neo, xch v cp
Neo
Xch dng cho neo mi
(xch neo c ngng)
Dy ko Dy buc tu
ng knh M
hiu

c trng
cung cp ca
thit b
EN

S lng

Khi lng mt
neo (neo khng
c thanh ngng)
Tng chiu
di
Cp
1
Cp
2
Cp
3
Tng
chiu di
Ti ko
t
S
lng
Chiu
di mi dy
Ti th
ko t

A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
Trn n
50 70
70 90
90 110
110 130
130 150

2
2
2
2
2
kg
180
240
300
360
420
m
220
220
247,5
247,5
275
mm
14
16
17,5
19
20,5
mm
12,5
14
16
17,5
17,5
mm

m
180
180
180
180
180
kN
98
98
98
98
98

3
3
3
3
3
m
80
100
110
110
120
kN
34
37
39
44
49
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
150 175
175 205
205 240
240 280
280 320
2
2
3
2
2
480
570
660
780
900
275
302,5
302,5
330
357,5
22
24
26
28
30
19
20,5
22
24
26

20,5
22
24
180
180
180
180
180
98
112
129
150
174
3
3
4
4
4
120
120
120
120
140
54
59
64
69
74
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
320 360
360 400
400 450
450 500
500 550
2
2
2
2
2
1020
1140
1290
1440
1590
357,5
385
385
412,5
412,5
32
34
36
38
40
28
30
32
34
34
24
26
28
30
30
180
180
180
180
190
207
227
250
277
306
4
4
4
4
4
140
140
140
140
160
78
88
98
108
123
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
550 600
600 660
660 720
720 780
780 840
2
2
2
2
2
1740
1920
2100
2280
2460
440
440
440
467,5
467,5
42
44
46
48
50
36
38
40
42
44
32
34
36
36
38
190
190
190
190
190
338
371
406
441
480
4
4
4
4
4
160
160
160
170
170
132
147
157
172
186
E1
E2
E3
E4
E5
840 910
910 980
980 1060
1060 1140
1140 1220
2
2
2
2
2
2640
2850
3060
3300
3540
467,5
495
495
495
522,5
52
54
56
58
60
46
48
50
50
52
40
42
44
46
46
190
190
200
200
200
518
559
603
647
691
4
4
4
4
4
170
170
180
180
180
201
216
230
250
270
F1
F2
F3
F4
F5
1220 1300
1300 1390
1390 1480
1480 1570
1570 1670
2
2
2
2
2
3780
4050
4320
4590
4890
522,5
522,5
550
550
550
62
64
66
68
70
54
56
58
60
62
48
50
50
52
54
200
200
200
220
220
738
786
836
888
941
4
4
4
5
5
180
180
180
190
190
284
309
324
324
333
G1
G2
G3
G4
G5
1670 1790
1790 1930
1930 2080
2080 2230
2230 2380
2
2
2
2
2
5250
5610
6000
6450
6900
577,5
577,5
577,5
605
605
73
76
78
81
84
64
66
68
70
73
56
58
60
62
64
220
220
220
240
240
1024
1109
1168
1259
1356
5
5
5
5
5
190
190
190
200
200
353
378
402
422
451
H1
H2
H3
H4
H5
2380 2530
2530 2700
2700 2870
2870 3040
3040 3210
2
2
2
2
2
7350
7800
8300
8700
9300
605
632,5
632,5
632,5
660
87
90
92
95
97
76
78
81
84
84
66
68
70
73
76
240
260
260
260
280
1453
1471
1471
1471
1471
5
6
6
6
6
200
200
200
200
200
480
480
490
500
520
J 1
J 2
J 3
J 4
J 5
3210 3400
3400 3600
3600 3800
3800 4000
4000 4200
2
2
2
2
2
9900
10500
11100
11700
12300
660
660
687,5
687,5
687,5
100
102
105
107
111
87
90
92
95
97
78
78
81
84
87
280
280
300
300
300
1471
1471
1471
1471
1471
6
6
6
6
7
200
200
200
200
200
554
588
618
647
647
K1
K2
K3
K4
K5
4200 4400
4400 4600
4600 4800
4800 5000
5000 5200
2
2
2
2
2
12900
13500
14100
14700
15400
715
715
715
742,5
742,5
114
117
120
122
124
100
102
105
107
111
87
90
92
95
97
300
300
300
300
300
1471
1471
1471
1471
1471
7
7
7
7
8
200
200
200
200
200
657
667
677
686
686
L1
L2
L3
L4
L5
5200 5500
5500 5800
5800 6100
6100 6500
6500 6900
2
2
2
2
2
16100
16900
17800
18800
20030
742,5
742,5
742,5
742,5
770
127
130
132

111
114
117
120
124
97
100
102
107
111
300
300
300

1471
1471
1471

8
8
9
9
9
200
200
200
200
200
696
706
706
716
726
M1
M2
M3
M4
M5
6900 7400
7400 7900
7900 8400
8400 8900
8900 9400
2
2
2
2
2
21500
23000
24500
26000
27500
770
770
770
770
770
127
132
137
142
147
114
117
122
127
132
10
11
11
12
13
200
200
200
200
200
726
726
735
735
735
N1
N2
N3
N4
N5
9400 10000
10000 10700
10700 11500
11500 12400
12400 13400
2
2
2
2
2
29000
31000
33000
35500
38500
770
770
770
770
770
152

132
137
142
147
152
14
15
16
17
18
200
200
200
200
200
735
735
735
735
735
01
01
13400 14600
14600 16000
2
2
42003
46000
770
770
157
162
19
21
200
200
735
735
Ch thch:
(1) Nu s dng cp thp th phi l cp thp tng ng vi mc c quy nh Bng 2A/25.3:
(6 x 12), (6 x 24), (6 x 37)
(2) Chiu di ca cp c th bao gm c ma n lin kt.
(3) Dy ko quy nh 25.2.1-6 khng phi l c s phn cp do n c lit k trong bng
ny ch nhm mc ch tham kho.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

374
CHNG 26 GIA CNG CHNG BNG

26.1 Quy nh chung
26.1.1 Quy nh chung
Nu k hiu cp chng bng c ngh th kt cu v trang b ca tu phi tha mn
nhng yu cu Phn 8G cng vi nhng yu cu khc Phn 2A ny.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

375
CHNG 27 TU DU
27.1 Quy nh chung
27.1.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Kt cu v trang thit b ca nhng tu c d nh ng k v phn cp l Tu du
v d nh ch x du th v cc sn phm du c p sut hi (p sut tuyt i) nh
hn 0,28 MPa nhit 37,8
o
C hoc ch x cc loi hng lng tng t khc phi tha
mn cc quy nh trong Chng ny.
2 Kt cu, trang thit b v kch thc c cu ca nhng tu d kin ch x hng lng c
p sut hi (p sut tuyt i) nh hn 0,28 MPa nhit 37,8
o
C khng phi l du th
v cc sn phm du phi tha mn yu cu ca ng kim c ch n c tnh ca
hng ha c vn chuyn.
3 Nhng quy nh trong Chng ny c p dng cho cc tu c bung my ui tu,
c mt hoc nhiu vch dc v cc boong n, c y i hoc kt cu hai lp v hoc c
boong gia.
4 Trong trng hp kt cu ca tu khc vi nhng yu cu -3 v khng ph hp vi
nhng quy nh trong Chng ny th cc tnh ton kt cu phi tha mn yu cu ca
ng kim.
5 Nu khng c quy nh c bit no khc Chng ny th phi p dng nhng quy nh
chung i vi kt cu v trang thit b ca tu v thp.
6 Thm vo nhng yu cu c nu -5, phi p dng nhng quy nh thch hp ca
Chng 14 Phn 3, Chng 4 Phn 4, Chng 3 v Chng 5 Phn 5 cho cc tu c
nu -1, tng ng vi c tu, vng hot ng v loi hng chuyn ch.
27.1.2 V tr v phn chia vng hng
1 Trong cc vng du hng, vic b tr cc vch phi m bo sao cho khong cch gia
hai vch dc hoc hai vch ngang khng c ln hn 1,2 L (m).
2 Cc khoang cch ly phi c b tr tha mn quy nh t (1) n (3) sau y:
(1) Ti phn u v phn cui ca vng du hng v vng nm gia khu vc khoang du
hng v khu vc sinh hot ca thuyn vin phi b tr khoang cch ly kn kh c
chiu rng ra vo. Tuy nhin, i vi cc tu du d kin ch du hng c nhit
chp chy ln hn 60
o
C, nhng quy nh ny c th c thay i thch hp.
(2) Cc khoang cch ly c nu (1) c th c s dng lm bung bm.
(3) Cc khoang du hng hoc khoang nc dn ng thi c th c dng lm khoang
cch ly gia cc khoang du hng v du t hoc cc khoang nc dn nu c
ng kim chp thun.
3 Tt c cc khu vc b tr bm du hng v h thng ng ng du hng phi c cch
ly bng vch kn kh vi khu vc l si, ni hi, my chnh, thit b in khng phi l
thit b thuc loi chng chy n tha mn nhng quy nh 4.2.5 v 4.3.3 Phn 4 hoc
my mc thng xuyn pht tia la in. Tuy nhin, i vi cc tu ch du c nhit
chp chy ln hn 60
o
4 Cc ca vo v ca ra ca h thng thng gi phi c b tr sao cho gim n mc ti
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

376
a kh nng hi hng t li trong khoang kn c cha cc tc nhn gy chy, hoc gn
khu vc c trang thit b my mc trn boong c th gy chy. c bit, cc ca thng gi
ca bung my phi c gng c b tr xa v pha sau ca khu vc hng ha.
5 L khot kim tra khng gian trng khi c hng trong khoang, l o mc du v cc
ca v sinh khoang du hng khng c b tr trong khng gian kn.
6 Cc l khot trn vch bin ca thng tng v lu phi c b tr sao cho gim n
mc ti a tnh trng t ng hi du. Nu tu c trang b h thng ng ng nhn v tr
hng pha ui tu th cc ca khot thng tng v lu phi c xem xt k lng.
27.2 Chiu dy ti thiu
1 Chiu dy ca cc c cu trong khoang du hng v cc kt su nh tn vch, ngang,
sng dc, k c thanh chng v m mt khng c nh hn tr s xc nh theo Bng
2A/27.1 ph thuc vo chiu di tu.
2 Chiu dy ca cc c cu trong khoang du hng v cc kt su khng c nh hn 7
mi-li-mt.
Bng 2A/27.1 Chiu dy ti thiu
> 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 225 275 325 375
L
< 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 225 275 325 375
Chiu dy (mm) 8,0 8,5 9,0 9,5 10,0 10,5 11,0 11,5 12,0 12,
5
13,0 13,5

27.3 Tnh ton trc tip bn
Nhng vn c lin quan n vic tnh ton trc tip bn c th theo quy nh Phn
2A-T.
27.4 Tn vch
27.4.1 Tn vch trong khoang du hng v kt su
1 Chiu dy tn vch t phi khng nh hn tr s ln nht xc nh t cng thc sau y khi
h ln lt c thay bng h
1
, h
2
v h
3
:
1 2
t C C S h 3,5 = + (mm)
Trong :
S : Khong cch gia cc np gia cng (m).
h : Tr s h
1
, h
2
v h
3
c xc nh nh sau i vi khoang du hng:
h
1
: Khong cch thng ng t mp di ca tm tn vch ang xt n mp
trn ming khoang hng. i vi tn bao, h
1
c th c tr i mt lng
bng chiu cao ct nc tng ng vi chiu chm nh nht ti sn gia
d
min
(m) tt c cc trng thi hot ng ca tu. Ti mt trn ca tn gia
y lng tr c ly bng d
min
. im d
min
cao hn mt tn gia y
lng tr c ly bng 0. cc im trung gian lng tr c xc nh
theo php ni suy tuyn tnh.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

377
h
2
: Xc nh theo cng thc sau:

2 1
h 0,85(h h) = + A
Trong :
Ah : Ct nc b sung xc nh theo cng thc sau:
t t
16
h (l 10) 0,25(b 10)
L
A = + (m)
l
t
: Chiu di khoang (m), nu l
t
nh hn 10 mt th c ly bng 10 mt.
b
t
: Chiu rng khoang (m), nu b
t
nh hn 10 mt th c ly bng 10 mt.
h
3
3
h 0,3 L =
i vi kt su, cc tr s ca h
1
, h
2
v h
3
(m) c ly nh sau:
h
1
: Khong cch thng ng t cnh di ca tm tn vch ang xt n trung
im ca khong cch t nc kt n nh ng trn. i vi tn bao, h
1
c th
c tr i mt lng bng chiu cao ct nc tng ng vi chiu chm
nh nht ti sn gia d
min
(m) tt c cc iu kin hot ng ca tu. Ti
mt trn ca tn gia y lng tr c ly bng d
min
. im d
min
cao hn
mt tn gia y lng tr c ly bng 0. cc im trung gian lng tr
c xc nh theo php ni suy tuyn tnh.
h
2

2 1
h 0,85(h h) = + A
Ah : Tnh theo cng thc xc nh Ah ti tit din c h
2
i vi khoang du
hng. Vi cc khoang dng L, dng U, v.v..., Ah phi c xc nh theo
yu cu ca ng kim.
h
3
: Tr s bng 0,7 ln khong cch thng ng t cnh di ca tm tn vch
ang xt n im 2,0 mt pha trn nh ng trn.
C
1
: H s ph thuc vo L, c xc nh nh sau:
C
1
=1,0 nu L bng v nh hn 230 mt
C
1
=1,07 nu L bng v ln hn 400 mt
Vi cc tr s trung gian ca L th C
1
2
C 3,6 k = , tuy nhin, C
2
dng cho h
1
phi c tnh theo cc cng thc sau y ty
thuc vo kiu vch v h thng gia cng:
i vi vch dc ca h thng dc:
2
k
C 13,4
27,7 .k
=
o

Tuy nhin, tr s ca C
2
phi khng nh hn 3,6 k.
i vi vch dc ca h thng ngang:
2 .2 2
k
C 100
767 k
=
o

i vi cc vch ngang:
2
C 3,6 k =
Trong :
k : H s ph thuc bn ca vt liu c xc nh ph thuc vo cp
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

378
thp: Chng hn bng 1 i vi thp thng, i vi thp bn cao ly
theo quy nh 1.1.7-2, i vi thp khng g hoc thp c bc bng
thp khng g ly theo quy nh 1.1.7-3.
o : c ly bng o
1
hoc o
2
ty thuc vo tr s ca y. Tuy nhin, tr s ca o khng
c nh hn o
3
.
Nu y
B
< y :
B
1 D
0
y y
15,5f
y
o =
Nu y
B
> y :
2 B
B
3
y
15,5f (1 )
y
2b
(1 )
B
o =
o = |

f
D
, f
B
: T s ca m un chng un ca tit din ngang thn tu lm bng
thp thng theo yu cu Chng 13 Phn 2A ca Quy chun
ny, chia cho m un chng un ca tit din ngang thc ca thn
tu ly i vi boong tnh ton v vi y tu.
y : Khong cch thng ng t mt trn ca tn gia y n cnh di
ca tm tn vch ang xt (m).
y
B
: Khong cch thng ng t mt trn ca tn gia y gia tu
n trc trung ha nm ngang ca tit din ngang thn tu (m).
y
0
: Mt trong cc tr s xc nh theo 13.2.3 (5) (a) hoc (b), Phn 2A
ca Quy chun ly tr s no ln hn.
| : H s tnh theo cc cng thc sau. Vi cc tr s trung gian ca L th
| c tnh theo php ni suy tuyn tnh.

6
a
| = nu L bng v nh hn 230 mt

10,5
a
| = nu L bng v ln hn 400 mt
a k = nu thp c bn cao c s dng cho khng t hn 80% tn mn
tit din ngang gia tu, v ly bng 1 cho cc trng hp cn li.
b : Khong cch nm ngang t tn mn n cnh ngoi ca tm tn
vch ang xt (m).
2 Khi tnh chiu dy tn ca vch dc, h s C
2
dng cho h
1
c th c ly gim dn t
gia tu v mi tu v ui tu, v c th c ly bng 3,6 k khi tnh ton mi v
ui tu.
3 Chiu dy tn bao v tn boong ca khoang du hng hoc kt su phi khng nh hn
chiu dy xc nh theo -1 v -2.
27.4.2 Vch chn
1 Np gia cng v cc sng phi c bn ph hp vi kch thc ca khoang v t s khot.
2 Chiu dy ca tn vch phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau:
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

379
t 0,3S K(L 150) 3,5 = + + (mm)
Trong :
k : Nh quy nh 27.4.1-1.
S : Khong cch ca cc np gia cng (m).
3 Khi tnh chiu dy tn vch chn cn phi quan tm thch ng n n nh ca tm.
27.4.3 Hm boong
Chiu dy ca nc v vch bn ca hm boong phi c xc nh theo cc quy nh
27.4.1 cng vi cc quy nh Chng 15.
27.5 Dm dc v np gia cng
27.5.1 Dm dc
1 M un chng un Z ca tit din dm dc y phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng
thc sau:
2
1 2
Z 100C C Shl = (cm
3
)
Trong :
l : Khong cch ca cc sng ngang (m).
S : Khong cch ca cc dm dc (m).
h : Khong cch t dm dc ang xt n im nm cao hn mt trn ca tn gia
y mt khong tnh theo cng thc sau: d +0,026 L (m)
L : Chiu di tu (m). Tuy nhin, nu L ln hn 230 mt th ly L bng 230 mt.
C
1
: H s xc nh theo 27.4.1-1.
C
2
: H s xc nh theo cng thc sau:
2
B
k
C
24 15,5f k
=

f
B
v k : Nh quy nh 27.4.1-1.
2 M un chng un Z ca tit din dm dc mn, k c dm dc hng, phi khng nh hn
tr s tnh theo cng thc sau:
2
1 2
Z 100C C Shl = (cm
3
)
Trong :
l, S : Nh quy nh -1.
h : Khong cch t dm dc ang xt n im nm cao hn mt tn gia y
mt khong bng : d +0,038L
L : Nh quy nh -1.
C
1
: Nh quy nh 27.4.1-1.
C
2
: H s xc nh theo cng thc sau:
2
k
C
24 k
=
o

Trong :
k : Nh quy nh 27.4.1-1.
o = a
1
hoc a
2
cho di y, ly tr s no ln hn.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

380
1 B
B
y
a 15,5f (1 )
y
=
y : Khong cch thng ng t mt trn ca tn gia y n dm
dc mn ang xt (m).
y
B
, f
B
: Nh quy nh 27.4.1-1.
a
2
: H s xc nh ph thuc vo L nh sau:
a
2
= 6/a nu L khng ln hn 230 mt
a
2
= 10,5/a nu L khng ln hn 400 mt
Vi cc tr s trung gian ca L, tr s ca a
2
c xc nh theo php ni
suy tuyn tnh.
a k = nu thp c bn cao c s dng tit din gia tu chim
khng t hn 80% tn mn, v bng 1,0 i vi cc trng hp khc.
Tuy nhin, m un chng un ca tit din khng cn phi ln hn m un chng un ca
tit din ca dm dc y xc nh theo -1, nhng khng c nh hn tr s xc nh t
cng thc sau:
2
Z 2,9K LSl = (cm
3
)
3 i vi cc dm dc mn, phi quan tm thch ng n bn mi.
4 i vi cc phn pha trc v pha sau ca on gia tu kch thc ca dm dc c th
gim dn v ti cc on mi tu v on ui tu c th gim i 15% so vi tr s xc
nh theo yu cu -1 v -2. Tuy nhin, trong mi trng hp, kch thc ca dm
dc phi khng nh hn yu cu -1 v -2 i vi on t vch mi n im 0,15 L
k t mi tu.
27.5.2 Np vch trong khoang du hng v kt su
1 M un chng un Z ca tit din np khng c nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau:
2
1 2 3
Z 125C C C Shl = (cm
3
)
Trong :
S : Khong cch ca np (m).
h : c ly nh 27.4.1-1. Tuy nhin, y mp di ca tm tn vch ang
xt phi c thay l trung im ca np ang xt nu l np ng v phi
c thay l np ang xt nu l np nm v tn mn phi c thay l
np gn vi tn mn.
l : Khong cch ca sng (m).
C
1
: Nh quy nh 27.4.1-1.
C
2
=k/18, tuy nhin, C
2
dng cho h
1
phi theo quy nh sau:
Tr s ca C
2
dng cho h
1
phi c xc nh theo cc cng thc sau ty theo
h thng gia cng:
2
k
C
24 k
=
o
i vi h thng dc, tuy nhin, trong mi trng hp C
2
phi
khng nh hn k/18.
C
2
=k/18 i vi h thng ngang hoc vch ngang.
o, k : Nh quy nh 27.4.1-1, tuy nhin, mp di ca tm tn vch ang xt v
tn vch ang xt phi c thay l np ang xt khi p dng cc quy nh
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

381
i vi y v b.
C
3
: Xc nh theo Bng 2A/27.2 ph thuc vo cng ca lin kt hai mt
np.
2 Khi xc nh m un chng un ca tit din np gn vi tn vch, h s C
2
dng cho h
1

c th c gim dn, v ti hai mt np C
2
c th c ly bng k/18.
27.5.3 n nh
1 n nh ca dm dc mn, x dc boong v np gia cng dc phi tha mn cc quy
nh t (1) n (3) di y. Trong trng hp nu xt thy cn thit th, ty theo vt
liu, kch thc, hnh dng v im b tr ca cc c cu ny, ng kim c th yu cu
xem xt trong tng trng hp c th.
(1) on gia tu x dc boong, dm dc mn gn vi mp mn v cc np gia cng
dc gn vi vng vch dc trong phm vi 0,1 D k t boong tnh ton phi c gng c
mnh khng ln hn 60.
3

Mt u
u kia
Lin kt
cng bng
m
Lin kt
mm bng
m
c bi sng
hoc lin kt hn
ta
Vt
mt
Lin kt cng bng m 0,70 1,15 0,85 1,30
Lin kt mm bng m 1,15 0,85 1,30 1,15
c bi sng hoc lin kt hn ta 0,85 1,30 1,00 1,50
Vt mt 1,30 1,15 1,50 1,50
Ch thch:
(1) Lin kt cng bng m ngha l c nh mi ni gia tn y i hoc cc np tng
xng v cc m trong phm vi mt lin kt hoc mc c nh tng ng (xem Hnh
2A/11.1 (a) ca Quy chun).
(2) Lin kt mm bng m ngha l c nh mi ni gia x, sn, v.v..., giao nhau v m
(xem Hnh 2A/11.1 (b) ca Quy chun).
(2) X dc boong, dm dc mn v np gia cng dc lm bng thp dt phi c t s
chiu cao chia cho chiu dy khng ln hn 15.
(3) Chiu rng ton b ca bn mp ca x dc boong, dm dc mn v np gia cng
dc phi khng nh hn tr s xc nh theo cng thc sau:
0
b 69,6 d l =
Trong :
d
0
: Chiu cao tit din bn thnh ca x dc boong, dm dc mn hoc np
gia cng dc (m).
l : Khong cch ca cc sng (m).
2 Trong trng hp nu cc thp ghp, thp nh hnh hoc tm b mp c dng lm
sn, x v np gia cng trong cc khoang du hng v kt su m cc kch thc ca
chng ch c xc nh theo m un chng un ca tit din, th chiu dy bn thnh
phi khng nh hn tr s xc nh theo cng thc sau:
0 0
t 15K d 3,5 = + (mm)
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

382
Trong :
d
0
K
0
: c xc nh nh sau:
0 B
1 1
K 3f
4 k
| |
= +
|
\ .
i vi dm dc y nm cao hn mt trn ca tn gia y
mt khong khng ln hn 0,25 D.
0 D
1 1
K 3f
4 k
| |
= +
|
\ .
i vi x dc boong nm thp hn boong mt khong khng
nh hn 0,25 D.
0
1 1
K 3
4 k
| |
= +
|
\ .
i vi cc c cu khc.
f
B
, f
D
v k : Nh quy nh 27.3.1-1.
Trong trng hp nu chiu cao ca tit din bn thnh c thit k ln hn tr s quy
nh, khng phi v l do bn th chiu dy c th c thay i thch hp.
27.5.4 Cc quy nh khc
M un chng un ca tit din x dc boong phi khng nh hn tr s xc nh theo
8.3.3. M un chng un ca tit din dm dc y, dm dc mn v x dc boong trong
khoang du hng v kt su phi khng nh hn tr s quy nh 27.5.2.
27.6 Sng dc
27.6.1 Quy nh chung
1 Kt cu y i v mn kp, v tr v kch thc ca sng dc trong khoang du hng phi
c xc nh da trn c s tnh ton trc tip bn.
2 Khng ph thuc vo quy nh -1, kch thc ca cc sng dc c th c xc nh
theo cc quy nh t 27.6.3 n 27.6.8 cho cc tu du c chiu di L nh hn 200 mt,
c bit cho cc tu du kt cu y i ch c vch dc tm (xem tu kiu A Hnh
2-A/13.6, Chng ny c gi tt l tu du kiu A), cho tu du kt cu v hai lp
khng c vch dc tm (xem tu kiu C Hnh 2-A/13.6, Chng ny c gi tt l
tu du kiu C), cho tu du kt cu mn kp c vch dc tm (xem tu kiu D Hnh
2-A/13.6, Chng ny c gi tt l tu du kiu D). Trong trng hp ny, vic b
tr cc c cu chnh trong y i, mn kp v khoang du hng ti khu vc khoang hng
c xc nh c lu n dng kt cu theo tiu chun c quy nh t (1) n (5)
sau y. Tuy nhin, cc tu du khng c trng thi ti trng tng phn nh ti trng
mt na hoc ti trng xen k, c th tng khong cch ca cc sng dc, cc ngang
trong y i, cc sng dc mn v cc sng ngang trong mn kp.
(1) Chiu cao y i trong khoang du hng phi khng nh hn B/20 (m).
(2) Chiu rng ca mn kp khng c nh hn D/9 (m).
(3) Trong y i khoang du hng, cc sng dc phi c t theo khong cch
khng ln hn
T
0.9 l , cc ngang y phi c t theo khong cch khng ln
hn B 55 , 0 (m) hoc 0,75 D (m), ly gi tr no nh hn (trong , l
T
l chiu di
khoang hng ang xt).
(4) Trong mn kp, sng dc mn phi c t theo khong cch khng ln hn
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

383
T
1,1 l (m).
(5) Sng ngang trong mn kp, trong khoang du hng v kt su phi c t ti v tr
ngang trong y i.
3 i vi tu du c chiu di nh hn 200 mt, tr tu du kiu A, kiu C v kiu D, khng
ph thuc vo quy nh -1, v tr v kch thc ca sng dc trong y i v mn kp
phi c ng kim chp nhn. Tuy nhin, kch thc ca sng dc trong khoang du
hng v kt su ca cc tu ny c th c xc nh theo cc yu cu t 27.6.5 n
27.6.8.
27.6.2 Tnh ton trc tip bn ca sng
Hnh thc kt cu, ti trng, ng sut cho php, v.v..., dng xc nh v tr v kch thc
ca sng da trn c s tnh ton trc tip bn phi c ng kim chp nhn.
27.6.3 Kch thc ca sng dc v ngang y trong y i
1 Chiu dy ca sng chnh v sng ph trong y i phi khng nh hn tr s ln nht
trong cc tr s t
1
xc nh theo (1), t
2
hoc t
3
xc nh theo (2) di y. Tuy nhin, chiu
dy ca sng chnh tu du c vch dc tm (tu du kiu A hoc kiu D) c th c
xc nh ch s dng t
3
.
(1) Khng c nh hn chiu dy xc nh theo (a), (b) hoc (c) cho tng loi tu du:
(a) Tu du kiu A:
Chiu dy xc nh theo cng thc sau ty theo tng vng trong khoang du
hng:
B
1 1
0 1
Sh x
t C k 2,5
d d
= +
(mm)
Trong :
S : Khong cch t cc tm ca hai vng t sng ph ang xt n cc c
cu k cn hai bn ca sng ph hoc t sng ph ang xt n
nh trong ca m hng (m).
h
B
: Tr s xc nh theo cc cng thc sau, ly gi tr no ln hn:
B
h 0,6d 0,026L = + (m)
B
h h' (d 0,026L) = (m)
h : Khong cch thng ng t mt y trn n mp trn ca ming khoang
hng (m).
d
0
: Chiu cao tit din sng ph ang xt (m).
d
1
: Chiu cao l khot ti im ang xt (m). Tuy nhin, nu sng ng ca
vch ngang c b tr trong khoang du hng, th khng xt cc l khot
cc sng trong gii hn gia vch ngang v nh trong ca m mt
di ca sng ng tr khi ng kim thy cn phi xt n.
x : Khong cch dc t trung im ca l
T
ca mi khoang du hng n im
ang xt (m).
Tuy nhin, nu cc sng ng ca vch ngang c t trong khoang
du hng, th x c th c tnh n nh trong ca m gn vi chn
sng ng. Nu x nh hn 0,25 l
T
, th x phi c ly bng 0,25 l
T
.
l
T
: Chiu di khoang du hng ang xt (m).
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

384
C
1
: H s ly theo Bng 2A/27.3 ph thuc vo b/l
T
. Vi cc tr s trung gian
ca b/l
T
, th C
1
b : Khong cch gia tn mn v vch dc tm o ti mt tn y trn
vng gia tu (m).
k : Ly theo 27.4.1-1.
Bng 2A/27.3 H s C
1

b/l
T
s 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,2 > 1,3
C
1
0,045 0,054 0,061 0,068 0,073 0,076 0,079 0,081 0,082
(b) Tu du kiu C:
Chiu dy xc nh theo cng thc sau y ty thuc v tr trong khoang du hng:
B
1 1
0 1
S h x
t C k 2,5
d d
= +
(mm)
Trong :
S : Khong cch gia cc tm ca hai vng k cn nhau t sng chnh hoc
sng ph ang xt n cc sng k cn (m).
d
0
: Chiu cao tit din sng chnh hoc sng ph ang xt (m).
T
ang xt (m). Tuy nhin, nu cc sng ng ca vch ngang c t
trong khoang du hng, th x c th c tnh cho n nh trong ca m
gn vi mt di ca sng ng. Nu x nh hn 0,25 l
T
, th x phi c
ly bng 0,25 l
T
.
C
1
: H s ly theo Bng 2A/27.4 ph thuc vo b/l
T
ca b/l
T
, th C
1
b : Khong cch gia cc mt trong ca cc vch dc (nu c cc kt hng,
th gia hai mt trong ca kt hng) ca thn tu o theo mt tn y trn
vng gia tu (m).
h
B
, d
1
v l
T
: Theo quy nh (a).
k : Ly theo 27.4.1-1.
Bng 2A/27.4 H s C
1

b/l
T
s 1,0 1,2 1,4 > 1,6
C
1
0,073 0,079 0,082 0,083

(c) Tu du kiu D:
Chiu dy xc nh theo cng thc sau y ty thuc v tr trong khoang du hng:
B
1 1
0 1
Sh x
t C k 2,5
d d
= +
(mm)
Trong :
S : Khong cch gia cc tm ca hai vng k cn nhau t sng ph ang
xt n cc sng ln cn (m).
T
ang xt (m). Tuy nhin, nu cc sng ng ca vch ngang c t
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

385
gn vi chn ca sng ng. Nu x nh hn 0,25 l
T
, th x phi c ly
bng 0,25 l
T
.
C
1
: H s ly theo Bng 2A/27.5 ph thuc b/l
T
b/l
T
, th C
1
b : Khong cch t vch dc ca mn kp (nu c cc kt hng, th t cnh
trong ca cc kt hng) n vch dc tm o theo mt tn y trn
vng gia tu (m).
h
B
, d
0
, d
1
v l
T
: Theo quy nh (a).
k : Ly theo 27.4.1-1.
Bng 2A/27.5 H s C
1

b/lT s 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,2 > 1,3
C1 0,037 0,044 0,051 0,059 0,065 0,070 0,074 0,076 0,079

(2) Phi ln hn chiu dy xc nh t cc cng thc sau ph thuc tng khu vc trong
khoang du hng, m khng ph thuc vo kiu tu:
2 2
3
2 1
1
H a
t 8,6. (t 2,5) 2,5
C 'k
= + (mm)
1
3
C "a
t 2,5
k
= + (mm)
Trong :
a : Chiu cao tit din ca sng ti im ang xt (m). Tuy nhin, nu c b
tr cc np nm gia chiu cao tit din ca sng, th a l khong cch
t np n tn bao y hoc n tn y trn, hoc khong cch gia
cc np (m).
t
1
: Chiu dy ca sng tnh theo quy nh (1) ph thuc kiu tu du (mm).
C
1
' : H s xc nh theo Bng 2A/27.6 ph thuc vo t s khong cch S
1
(m)
ca cc np b tr theo hng chiu cao ca sng chia cho a. Vi cc tr
s trung gian ca S
1
/a th C
1
' c xc nh theo php ni suy tuyn tnh.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

386
Bng 2A/27.6 H s C
1
'
S1/a s 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,2 > 1,4
C1 64 38 25 19 15 12 10 9 8 7
H : Tr s xc nh theo cc cng thc sau:
(a) Nu sng c l khot khng c gia cng:
H 1 0,5
u
= +
o

Trong :
o : ng knh ln ca l khot (m).
u : Tr s ln hn trong cc tr s a v S
1
(m).
(b) Trong cc trng hp khc vi (a), th H =1,0.
C
1
" : H s xc nh t Bng 2A/27.7 ph thuc t s S
1
/a. Vi cc tr s trung
gian ca S
1
/a, th C
1
" c xc nh theo php ni suy tuyn tnh.
k : Ly theo 27.4.1-1.
Bng 2A/27.7 H s C
1
"
S1/a s 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,2 1,4 > 1,6
C1" Sng chnh 4,4 5,4 6,3 7,1 7,7 8,2 8,6 8,9 9,3 9,6 9,7
Sng ph 3,6 4,4 5,1 5,8 6,3 6,7 7,0 7,3 7,6 7,9 8,0

2 Chiu dy ca ngang trong y i phi khng nh hn tr s ln nht trong cc tr s t
1

xc nh theo (1), t
2
hoc t
3
xc nh theo (2) di y:
(1) Khng c nh hn chiu dy xc nh theo (a), (b) hoc (c) sau y ph thuc vo
kiu tu du:
(a) Tu du kiu A:
Chiu dy xc nh t cng thc sau ph thuc v tr trong khoang du hng:
B
1 2
0 1
Sbh 4 y
t C k (1 ) 2,5
d d 3b'
= +
(mm)
Trong :
S : Khong cch gia cc ngang (m).
h
B
: Tr s xc nh theo cc cng thc sau, ly gi tr no ln hn. Tuy nhin,
i vi cc tu du khng c cc trng thi ti trng c bit nh ti trng
mt na hoc ti trng xen k, c th dng h
B
theo quy nh -1 (1) (a).
B
h d 0,026L = + (m)
B
h h' (0,6d 0,026L) = (m)
d
0
: Chiu cao tit din ngang y ti im ang xt (m).
d
1
: Chiu cao l khot ti im ang xt (m). Tuy nhin, nu sng ng ca
vch dc hoc sng ngang mn c b tr trong khoang du hng, th
khng cn xt n cc l khot ngang trong phm vi gia vch dc
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

387
hoc tn mn v nh trong ca m mt di ca cc sng ng , tr
khi ng kim thy cn thit phi xt.
b : Khong cch t tn mn n vch dc tm tu o theo mt tn y trn
ti ngang ang xt (m).
y : Khong cch theo phng ngang ca tu ti ngang ang xt, t mt
phng dc tm tu n im ang xt (m).
Tuy nhin, nu sng ng ca vch dc c b tr trong khoang du
hng, th i vi khong t vch dc n nh trong ca m chn ca
sng ng , y c th c tnh cho n nh trong ca m . Nu y
ln hn 0,3 b, th y phi c ly bng 0,3 b.
C
2
: H s xc nh theo Bng 2A/27.8 ph thuc t s b/l
T
. Vi cc tr s
trung gian ca b/l
T
, th C
2
b, h v l
T
: Theo quy nh -1 (1) (a).
k : Nh quy nh 27.4.1-1.
Bng 2A/27.8 H s C
2

b/l
T
s 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,2 > 1,3
C
2
0,049 0,048 0,047 0,046 0,045 0,043 0,041 0,039 0,037

(b) Tu du kiu C:
Chiu dy xc nh theo cng thc sau ty thuc v tr trong khoang du hng:
B
1 2
0 1
Sbh 2y
t C k 2,5
d d b'
= +
(mm)
Trong :
d
1
: Chiu cao ca l khot ti im ang xt (m). Tuy nhin, nu c m gn
vi chn sng ngang ca mn kp, th khng xt cc l khot ngang
trong phm vi t vch dc n nh trong ca m , tr khi ng kim
thy l cn thit.
b : Khong cch gia hai mt trong ca vch dc (gia hai cnh trong
ca kt hng, nu c kt hng) o theo mt tn y trn ngang
ang xt (m).
y : Khong cch theo chiu ngang ca tu ti ngang ang xt t mt
phng dc tm tu n im ang xt (m). Tuy nhin, nu c gn m
chn sng ngang ca mn kp, th y c th c tnh cho n nh trong
ca m . Nu y nh hn 0,25 b, th y phi c ly bng 0,25 b'.
C
2
: H s cho Bng 2A/27.9 ph thuc t s b/l
T
ca b/l
T
, th C
2
S, h
B
v d
0
: Theo quy nh (a).
l
T
: Nh quy nh -1 (1) (a).
b : Nh quy nh -1 (1) (a).
k : Nh quy nh 27.4.1-1.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

388
Bng 2-A/27.9 H s C
2

b/l
T
s 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2,0 2,2 2,4 > 2,6
C
2
0,036 0,033 0,031 0,028 0,026 0,024 0,022 0,021 0,019

(c) Tu du kiu D:
Chiu dy xc nh theo cng thc sau ph thuc vo tng vng trong khoang
du hng:
B
1 2
0 1
Sbh 2y
t C K 2,5
d d b'
= +
(mm)
Trong :
d
1
: Chiu cao ca l khot ti im ang xt (m). Tuy nhin, nu c m gn
vi chn sng ngang ca mn kp hoc chn sng ng ca vch dc
tm trong khoang du hng, th c th khng xt n cc l khot
ngang trong phm vi t vch dc ca mn kp hoc vch dc tm tu n
nh trong ca m , tr khi ng kim thy l cn thit.
b : Khong cch t vch dc ca mn kp (gia hai cnh trong ca kt hng,
nu c kt hng) n vch dc tm o theo mt tn y trn ngang
ang xt (m).
y : Khong cch theo chiu ngang ca tu ti ngang ang xt t tm ca
b n im ang xt (m). Tuy nhin, nu c gn m chn sng ngang
ca mn kp hoc chn sng ng ca vch dc tm tu trong khoang
du hng th y c th c tnh cho n nh trong ca m gn vi sng
ngang ca mn kp hoc cho n nh trong ca m gn vi chn sng
ng ca vch dc tm tu. Nu y nh hn 0,25 b, th y phi c ly
bng 0,25 b.
C
2
: H s cho Bng 2A/27.10 ph thuc t s b/l
T
ca b/l
T
, th C
2
S, h
B
v d
0
: Nh quy nh (a).
l
T
: Nh quy nh -1(1) (a).
b : Nh quy nh -1(1) (c).
k : Nh quy nh 27.4.1-1.
Bng 2A/27.10 H s C
2

b/l
T
s 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,2 > 1,3
C
2
0,042 0,041 0,041 0,040 0,039 0,038 0,036 0,035

(2) Phi ln hn chiu dy xc nh theo cc cng thc sau y ph thuc vo v tr trong
khoang du hng, khng ph thuc vo kiu tu:
2 2
3
2 1
2
H a
t 8,6 (t 2,5) 2,5
C 'k
= + (mm)
2
3
8,5S
t 2,5
k
= + (mm)
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

389
Trong :
a : Chiu cao ca ngang ti im ang xt (m). Tuy nhin, nu c b tr cc
np nm gia chiu cao ca tit din ngang, th a l khong cch t np
nm n tn bao y hoc n tn y trn, hoc khong cch gia cc np
nm (m).
t
1
: Chiu dy ca ngang tnh theo quy nh (1) ph thuc vo kiu tu du
(mm).
C
2
': H s xc nh theo Bng 2A/27.11 ph thuc vo t s khong cch S
1
(m)
ca cc np b tr theo hng chiu cao tit din ca ngang chia cho a.
1
/a th C
2
' c xc nh theo php ni suy
tuyn tnh.
Bng 2A/27.11 H s C
2
'
S
1
/a s 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,2 > 1,4
C
2
' 64 38 25 19 15 12 10 9 8 7
(a) Nu ngang c l khot khng c gia cng:
H 1 0,5
u
= +
o

Trong :
u : ng knh ln ca l khot (m).
o : Tr s no ln hn trong cc tr s a hoc S
1
(m).
(b) Trong cc trng hp khc vi (a), H = 1,0.
S
2
: Bng S
1
hoc a, ly tr s no nh hn (m).
k : Ly theo 27.4.1-1.
27.6.4 Kch thc ca sng dc v sng ngang trong mn kp
1 Chiu dy ca sng dc trong mn kp phi khng nh hn tr s ln nht trong cc tr s
t
1
quy nh (1), t
2
hoc t
3
c quy nh (2) di y:
(1) Khng c nh hn chiu dy xc nh theo (a) hoc (b) di y ty theo kiu tu:
(a) Tu du kiu C:
S
1 3
0 1
Sh .x
t C k 2,5
d d
= +
(mm)
Trong :
S : Chiu rng ca phn c bi sng dc (m).
h
S
: Tr s xc nh theo cc cng thc sau, ly gi tr no ln hn:
3
(0,6d d ) 0,038L + (m)
h (m)
d
3
: Chiu cao ca y i o ti mn tu (m). Tuy nhin, d
3
s l khong
cch thng ng t y n cnh trn ca kt hng, nu c kt hng.
h : Khong cch thng ng t cnh trn ca kt hng, nu c, hoc t mt
tn y trn n mp ming khoang (m).
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

390
d
0
: Chiu cao tit din sng dc (m).
d
1
: Chiu cao l khot ti im ang xt (m). Tuy nhin, nu sng nm ca
vch ngang c b tr trong khoang du hng, th c th b qua cc l
khot trn cc sng dc mn trong gii hn t vch ngang n nh trong
ca m mt ca sng nm, tr khi ng kim thy l cn thit phi xt.
T
ang xt (m). Tuy nhin, nu sng nm ca vch ngang c t trong
khoang du hng, th x c th c tnh cho n nh trong ca m gn
vi mt ca sng nm ang xt. Nu x nh hn 0,25 l
T
, th x phi c
ly bng 0,25 l
T
.
l
T
: Chiu di khoang du hng ang xt (m).
C
3
: H s ly theo Bng 2A/27.12 ph thuc vo D/l
T
. Vi cc tr s trung
gian ca D/l
T
, th C
3
D : Tr s tnh theo cng thc sau:
3
D' D d = (m)
k : Ly theo 27.4.1-1.
Bng 2A/27.12 H s C
3

D/l
T
s 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,2 > 1,3
C
3
0,013 0,019 0,025 0,030 0,034 0,037 0,039 0,042 0,045

(c) Tu du kiu D:
Chiu dy xc nh theo cng thc sau y ph thuc v tr trong khoang du
hng:
S
1 3
0 1
Sh x
t C K 2,5
d d
= +
(mm)
Trong :
T
ang xt (m). Tuy nhin, nu cc sng nm ca vch ngang c t
gn vi mt ca sng nm ang xt. Nu x nh hn 0,25 l
T
, th x phi
c ly bng 0,25 l
T
.
C
3
: H s ly theo Bng 2A/27.13 ph thuc vo D/l
T
. Vi cc tr s trung
gian ca D/l
T
, th C
3
S, l
T
, h
S
, d
0
, d
1
, D v k : Phi tha mn quy nh (a).
k : Ly theo 27.4.1-1.
Bng 2A/27.13 H s C
3

D/l
T
s 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,2 > 1,3
C
3
0,020 0,024 0,028 0,032 0,035 0,038 0,040 0,042 0,045
(2) Ln hn chiu dy xc nh t cc cng thc sau ph thuc v tr trong khoang du
hng, khng ph thuc vo kiu tu:
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

391
2 2
3
2 1
3
H a
t 8,6 (t 2,5) 2,5
C 'k
= + (mm)
2
3
8,5S
t 2,5
k
= + (mm)
Trong :
a : Chiu cao tit din ca sng dc mn ti im ang xt (m). Tuy nhin, nu
c b tr cc np nm gia chiu cao tit din ca sng dc mn v hng
theo chiu di ca sng, th a l khong cch t np n tn mn hoc
n vch dc ca mn kp, hoc l khong cch gia cc np (m).
t
1
: Chiu dy ca sng dc tnh theo quy nh (1) ph thuc vo kiu tu du
(mm).
C
3
: H s xc nh theo Bng 2A/27.14 ph thuc t s khong cch S
1
(m) ca
cc np b tr theo hng chiu cao tit din ca sng chia cho a. Vi cc tr
s trung gian ca S
1
/a, th C
3
' c xc nh theo php ni suy tuyn tnh.
Bng 2A/27.14 H s C
3
'
S
1
/a s 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,2 > 1,4
C
3
64 38 25 19 15 12 10 9 8 7

(a) Nu sng dc mn c l khot khng c gia cng:
H 1 0,5
u
= +
o

Trong :
u : ng knh ln ca l khot (m).
o : Bng a hoc S
1
, ly tr s no ln hn (m).
(b) Trong cc trng hp khc vi (a), H = 1,0.
S
2
: Bng S
1
hoc a, ly tr s no nh hn (m).
k : Ly theo 27.4.1-1.
2 Chiu dy ca sng ngang trong mn kp phi khng nh hn tr s ln nht trong cc tr
s t
1
xc nh theo (1), t
2
hoc t
3
xc nh theo (2) di y:
(1) Khng c nh hn chiu dy xc nh theo (a) hoc (b) sau y ph thuc kiu tu
du:
(a) Tu du kiu C:
S
1 4
0 1
SD'h z
t C k (1 1,75 ) 2,5
d d D'
= +
(mm)
Trong :
S : Chiu rng ca phn c bi sng ngang (m).
h
S
: Tr s xc nh theo cc cng thc sau, ly gi tr no ln hn. Tuy nhin, i
vi cc tu du khng c cc trng thi ti trng c bit nh ti trng mt
na hoc ti trng xen k, h
S
c th c ly theo quy nh -1(1)(a).
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

392
3
(d d ) 0,038L + (m)
h (m)
d
0
: Chiu cao ca tit din sng ngang (m).
d
1
: Chiu cao l khot ti im ang xt (m). Tuy nhin, nu c m gn vi
chn sng ngang ca mn kp, th c th b qua cc l khot sng
ngang b tr trong phm vi gia mt tn y trn v nh trn ca m ,
tr khi ng kim thy cn thit phi xt.
z : Khong cch theo chiu cao ca tu t mt tn y trn hoc t cnh
trn ca kt hng, nu c, n im ang xt (m). Tuy nhin, nu c m
gn vi chn sng ngang ca mn kp, th khong t mt tn y trn
n nh trn ca m , z c th c tnh nh trn ca m . Nu z
ln hn 0,4 D th z phi c ly bng 0,4 D.
C
4
: H s xc nh theo Bng 2A/27.15 ph thuc t s D/l
T
. Vi cc tr s
trung gian ca D/l
T
, th C
4
D, h, d
3
, v l
T
k : Nh quy nh 27.4.1-1.
Bng 2A/27.15 H s C
4

D/l
T
s 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,2 > 1,3
C
4
0,052 0,051 0,049 0,046 0,043 0,041 0,038 0,036 0,034

(b) Tu du kiu D:
S
1 4
0 1
SD'h z
t C k (1 1,75 ) 2,5
d d D'
= +
(mm)
Trong :
z : Khong cch theo chiu cao ca tu t mt tn y trn hoc t cnh
trn ca kt hng, nu c, n im ang xt (m). Tuy nhin, nu c m
gn vi chn sng ngang ca mn kp, th khong t mt tn y trn
n nh trn ca m , z c th c tnh nh trn ca m. Nu z
ln hn 0,4 D th z phi c ly bng 0,4 D.
C
4
: H s xc nh theo Bng 2A/27.16 ph thuc t s D/l
T
. Vi cc tr s
trung gian ca D/l
T
, th C
4
Bng 2A/27.16 H s C
4

D/l
T
s 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,2 > 1,3
C
4
0,034 0,033 0,033 0,032 0,031 0,030
S, h
S
, d
0
v d
1
: Theo quy nh (a).
D v l
T
k : Nh quy nh 27.4.1-1.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

393
(2) Phi ln hn chiu dy xc nh theo cc cng thc sau y ph thuc v tr trong
khoang du hng, khng ph thuc vo kiu tu:
2 2
3
2 1
4
H a
t 8,6 (t 2,5) 2,5
C 'k
= + (mm)
2
3
8,5S
t 2,5
k
= + (mm)
Trong :
a : Chiu cao tit din ca sng ngang ti im ang xt (m). Tuy nhin, nu
c b tr cc np nm gia chiu cao ca tit din sng ngang, hng
theo chiu di ca sng, th a l khong cch t np n tn mn hoc n
vch dc ca mn kp, hoc khong cch gia cc np (m).
t
1
: Chiu dy ca tit din sng ngang tnh theo quy nh (1) ph thuc kiu
tu du (mm).
C
4
' : H s xc nh theo Bng 2A/27.17 ph thuc t s khong cch S
1
(m) ca
cc np t theo hng chiu cao ca tit din sng ngang chia cho a.
1
/a, th C
4
' c xc nh theo php ni
suy tuyn tnh.
Bng 2A/27.17 H s C
4
'
S
1
/a s 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,2 > 1,4
C
4
64 38 25 19 15 12 10 9 8 7
27.6.5 Sng dc v sng ngang trong khoang du hng v kt su
1 M un chng un Z ca tit din sng dc khng c nh hn tr s xc nh theo cng
thc sau:
2
1 0
Z 7,13C KShl = (cm
3
)
Trong :
S : Chiu rng ca din tch c bi sng (m).
h : Nh quy nh 27.4.1-1. Tuy nhin, y cm t t cnh di ca tm tn
vch ang xt c thay l t trung im ca S i vi sng nm, v l t
trung im ca l
0
i vi sng ng khi tnh tr s ca h.
l
0
: Chiu di ca sng xc nh theo cng thc sau:
0
l kl = (m)
l : Chiu di ton b ca sng (m), nu sng ny lin tc cng vi cc
sng dc v sng ngang khc, th l l khong cch n mt trong ca
bn mp cc sng y.
k : H s iu chnh do cc m c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
1 2
0,65(b b )
k 1
l
+
=
b
1
v b
2
: Chiu di cnh ca m, ti cc mt tng ng ca sng dc v
sng ngang (m).
K : c xc nh theo 27.4.1-1.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

394
C
1
: H s ph thuc vo L xc nh nh sau:
C
1
= 1,0 nu L khng ln hn 230 mt
C
1
= 1,20 nu L ln hn 400 mt
Vi cc tr s trung gian ca L, th C
1
2 M men qun tnh ca tit din ca sng dc phi khng nh hn tr s xc nh theo cng
thc sau. Tuy nhin, trong mi trng hp chiu cao tit din ca sng khng c nh
hn 2,5 ln chiu cao l khot c cu chui qua:
I
4
0
30hl = (cm
4
)
Trong :
h v l
0
: Nh quy nh -1.
3 Chiu dy tit din ca sng dc phi khng nh hn tr s ln nht trong cc tr s t
1
, t
2

hoc t
3
sau y:
1 2 0
1
1
C C kShl
t 0,0417 3,5
d
= + (mm)
2
1 2 0 1
3
2
1
C C Shl S
t 1,74 3,5
d
= + (mm)
3 0
3
C d
t 3,5
k
= + (mm)
Trong :
S, h, l
0
, C
1
v k : Nh quy nh -1.
S
1
: Khong cch gia cc np ca sng hoc chiu cao tit din ca sng, ly gi
tr no nh hn (m).
d
1
: Chiu cao tit din ca sng ang xt (m), tr chiu cao l khot.
C
2
: H s xc nh theo cng thc sau, trong mi trng hp khng c nh hn 0,5:
2
0
x
C 1 2
l
= i vi sng nm
2
0 0 0
2
0 0
l l l 1 x x
C 1 2
5 h h l h l
| |
| |
= + + +
|
|
\ .
\ .
i vi cc sng khc
x : Khong cch t mt u ca l
0
n tit din ang xt (m), v t u di
ca l
0
i vi sng ng.
d
0
: Chiu cao tit din bn thnh (m). Nu cc np gia cng bn thnh c t
song song vi bn mp, th d
0
l khong cch t np n tn mn hoc n bn
mp (m), hoc gia cc np.
C
3
: H s c ly nh sau:
(1) Nu bn thnh ca sng nm v tr khong 0,25 D pha di mp boong
mn tu, th C
3
c xc nh ph thuc t s ca S chia cho d
0
nh sau, trong
S l khong cch ca cc np bn thnh t hng theo chiu cao ca
tu (m):
Nu S/d
0
> 1,0 th C
3
= 11,0
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

395
Nu S/d
0
<1,0 th C
3
= 11,0
0
S'
d

(2) Nu bn thnh ca sng dc v sng ngang khc vi nhng quy nh (1), th C
3

c xc nh theo Bng 2A/27.18 ph thuc t s S/d
0
ca S/d
0
, th C
3
c xc nh theo php ni suy tuyn tnh. Nu bn thnh ca
sng nm cao hn D/3 so vi mt tn gia y hoc cao hn mp di ca bn
mp cnh di ca thanh ging th hai k t boong, ly trng hp thp hn,
th C
3
c th c ly theo Bng 2A/27.18 nhn vi 0,85 cng vi cc yu cu
(c) v (d) i y:
(a) Nu khng c np t song song vi bn mp th C
3
ly bng o
1
.
Tuy nhin, khi c khot l, th C
3
c ly bng o
2
v phi khng nh hn tr
s xc nh theo yu cu (c).
(b) Nu c np gia cng t song song vi bn mp, th vi cc phn nm gia
bn mp v np hoc gia cc np C
3
ly bng o
3
.
Tuy nhin, chiu dy khng cn phi ln hn tr s tr xc nh khi s dng h
s o
1
, gi thit rng khng c np t song song vi bn mp v khng c l
khot.
i vi cc phn nm gia np v tn bao th C
3
c ly bng o
2
.
Bng 2A/27.18
1
,
2
v
3

S/d
0
s 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,5 2,0 > 2,5
o
1
2,6 4,5 5,6 6,4 7,1 7,8 8,2 8,4
o
2
2,1 3,7 4,9 5,8 6,6 7,4 7,8 8,0
o
3
3,7 6,7 8,6 9,6 9,9 10,3 10,4 10,4

(c) Nu bn thnh c l khot nh khng c gia cng th o
1
, o
2
v o
3
phi
c nhn vi h s sau:
1
d
H 4,0 1,0
S'
=
Nu d
1
/S nh hn hoc bng 0,5 th h s ny phi c ly bng 1,0.
Trong :
d
1
: Chiu cao l khot (m).
(d) Nu bn thnh c l khot ln khng c gia cng th o
1
, o
2
v o
3
phi
c nhn vi h s sau:
H 1 0,5
a
u
= +
Trong :
a : Cnh di hn ca phn c bao quanh bi cc np ca bn
thnh (m).
u : ng knh l khot (m). Nu l khot c dng thun th u phi
c ly bng cnh ln hn (m).
4 Mp km dng tnh m men qun tnh v m un chng un ca tit din thc ca sng
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

396
phi c ly nh quy nh 1.1.13-3. Tuy nhin, nu c np c t trong phm vi ca
mp km th np c th c tnh vo mp km.
5 Trong trng hp c t cc thanh chng th chiu dy bn thnh ca sng ti chn ca
thanh chng phi khng nh hn tr s xc nh theo cng thc sau. Nu trn bn thnh
c l khot nh ti chn ca thanh chng, th cc l khot ny phi c gia cng hiu
qu bng cc tm m.
1 S S
1
C Sb h
t 16 S
A
= (mm)
Trong :
S : Khong cch cc sng ngang (m).
b
S
: Chiu rng c bi thanh chng (m).
h
S
: Khong cch t trung im ca b
S
n im nm cao hn mt tn gia y mt
khong bng :
S
h d 0,038L' = +
L : Nh quy nh 27.5.1-1.
C
1
: Nh quy nh -1.
S
1
: Khong cch gia cc np t theo chiu cao tit din bn thnh ca sng
ngang ti vng ni vi thanh ging (m).
A : Din tch tit din hiu dng chu lc dc trc truyn t thanh ging (cm
2
), c
ly nh sau:
(a) Nu bn mp ca thanh ging ko di n bn mp ca sng ngang theo
dng cung ln hoc dng cong tng t th A l tng ton b din tch tit
din bn thnh ca sng ngang vng nm gia cc tip im ca cc tip
tuyn vi on cung ln hoc dng cong ln tng t lm vi trc thanh
ging mt gc 45
o
, cng vi din tch tit din ca np gia cng bn thnh
ca sng ngang t theo phng trc thanh ging khong gia cc tip
im v 0,5 ln din tch tit din cc bn mp ca sng ngang ti cc tip
im (xem Hnh 2A/27.1(a)).
(b) Nu bn mp ca thanh ging ni lin ti bn mp ca sng ngang theo
dng ng thng c gc ln th A l tng ton b din tch tit din bn
thnh ca sng ngang vng nm gia cc trung im ca cc on giao
nhau to bi cc phn ko di ca cc mt trong ca mp thanh ging, mp
sng ngang v ng thng to vi trc thanh ging mt gc 45
o
tip xc
vi mt trong ca bn mp ch gc ln, cng vi din tch tit din np
gia cng bn thnh ca sng ngang t theo phng trc thanh ging
khong gia cc trung im ni trn, cng vi 0,5 ln din tch tit din cc
bn mp ti cc trung im (Xem Hnh 2A /27.1(b)).
(c) Nu bn mp ca thanh ging ni trc tip vi mp ca sng ngang theo
gc vung hay gn vung v c hai bn mp c gn m, thm vo
cc np c gn ln bn thnh ca sng ngang trn ng ko di ca
hai mp thanh ging th A l tng ton b din tch tit din bn thnh ca
sng ngang ti vng tit din gia cc trung im ca cc on giao to bi
phn ko di ca cc mt trong ca mp thanh ging, mp sng ngang v
ng thng to vi trc ca thanh ging mt gc 45
o
tip xc vi mp t
do ca m, cng vi din tch tit din ca cc np t v tr nu trn (xem
Hnh 2A /27.1(c)).
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

397

Hnh 2A/27.1 Cch xc nh din tch tit din tng cng
6 Chiu dy bn mp ca sng dc phi ln hn chiu dy bn thnh v chiu rng tng
cng ca bn mp phi khng nh hn tr s xc nh theo cng thc sau:
0
t 85,4 d l = (mm)
Trong :
d
0
: Chiu cao tit din ca sng (m).
l : Khong cch gia hai gi ta ca sng (m). Tuy nhin, nu c t cc m
chng vn hu hiu, th cc m ny c th c coi l gi ta.
27.6.6 Sng ngang ca tu khng c mn kp
1 Thm vo cc quy nh 27.6.5, chiu cao tit din (d) v m un chng un ca tit din
sng ngang mn Z phi khng nh hn tr s xc nh theo cc cng thc sau:
d 0,15l = (m)
2
0
Z 8,7kShl = (cm
3
)
Trong :
l : Chiu di ton b ca sng ngang mn, v nu sng ngang mn ko di lin tc
ni vi cc sng ngang khc th l l khong cch n mt trong ca cc sng
ngang khc y (m).
l
0
: c xc nh nh sau:
l
0
=k
1
l (m)
k
1
: Nh quy nh 27.6.5.1.
S : Khong cch cc sng ngang (m).
h : Khong cch t trung im ca l
0
n im nm cao hn mt tn gia y mt
khong bng:
h d 0,038L' = +
L : Nh quy nh 27.5.1.1.
2 Kch thc ca sng ngang boong phi c xc nh theo (1) v (2) di y:
(1) M un chng un Z ca tit din sng ngang boong ca tu khng c hm boong
phi khng nh hn tr s xc nh theo cng thc sau:
2
0
Z 3kS L.l = (cm
3
)
45
o

45
o

(b)
45
o

45
o

(c)
45
o

45
o

(a)
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

398
Trong :
S, k, l
0
: Nh quy nh -1.
(2) i vi cc tu c hm boong, kt cu ca sng ngang boong phi lin tc i ngang
qua hm boong. Trong trng hp ny, chiu cao tit din ca sng ngang boong coi
nh c bi hm boong, c th c ly bng 0,03 B.
3 i vi cc sng ngang t vch dc tm, nhng quy nh i vi sng ngang mn quy
nh -1 phi c p dng tng ng. Tuy nhin, trong mi trng hp, kch thc c
cu khng c nh hn tr s xc nh theo mi cng thc vi h s bng 0,8 ln ca h
s trong mi cng thc .
27.6.7 Np gia cng cc sng trong khoang du hng v kt su
Chiu dy ca cc np gia cng dng thp dt v m chng vn trn cc sng dc v
sng ngang, v ca np vch phi khng nh hn tr s xc nh theo cng thc sau:
t 0,5 L 3,5 = + (mm)
Tuy nhin, chiu dy ny khng cn phi ln hn chiu dy bn thnh ca sng m np
c gn.
27.6.8 Thanh ging
1 Thanh ging cc tu c t hai vch dc lin tc tr ln nu c lin kt chc chn vi
cc sng ng ca vch dc trong khoang du hng, th phi tha mn nhng yu cu
27.6.8.
2 Din tch tit din ca thanh ging lin kt vi cc sng ng ca vch dc trong khoang
du hng phi khng nh hn tr s xc nh t cng thc sau:
1 2 S
A C C kSb h = (cm
2
)
Trong :
S, b
S
, C
1
: Nh quy nh 27.6.5-5.
h =h
S
nu thanh ging c t trong khoang du hng mn, l khong cch thng
ng t trung im ca b
S
n mt trn ca ming khoang hng k cn nu c
cc thanh chng khoang du hng gia (m).
k : Nh quy nh 27.4.1-1.
C
2
: H s xc nh t cng thc sau:
Nu l/k > 0,6 th :
2
0,77
C
l
1 0,5
K k
=

Nu l/k < 0,6 th : C
2
=1,1
Trong :
l : Chiu di thanh ging gia mt trong ca cc sng ng ca vch dc (m).
K : c xc nh nh sau:
I
K
A
=
I : M men qun tnh ca tit din thanh ging (cm
4
).
2
).
k : Nh quy nh 27.4.1-1.
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399
27.7 Cc chi tit kt cu
27.7.1 Quy nh chung
1 Cc kt cu chnh phi c b tr sao cho m bo c s lin tc v bn trong khu
vc hng ha. vng pha trc v pha sau khu vc hng ha, cc kt cu phi bn
trnh suy gim t ngt s lin tc ca bn.
2 Vi cc kt cu chnh, phi quan tm thch ng n cng cc mt, n bin php
v gia cng trnh bin dng vnh, phi gim n mc ti thiu tnh trng tp trung
ng sut kt cu.
27.7.2 Sn v np
X dc, sn dc v np dc phi l cc c cu lin tc, hoc phi c lin kt chc
chn sao cho din tch tit din cc mt ca chng c cng chu c m
men un.
27.7.3 Sng v thanh ging
1 Cc sng nm trong cng mt mt phng phi c b tr sao cho trnh c s thay i
t ngt v bn v cng, hai u ca sng phi c gn m c kch thc thch
hp, nh ca m phi c ln hu hiu.
2 Trong trng hp nu chiu cao tit din ca sng dc ln th phi t np song song vi
bn mp.
3 M phi c t hai u ca thanh ging lin kt vi cc sng dc hoc sng
ngang.
4 Cc sng ngang v sng ng phi c gn m chng vn v tr lin kt vi thanh
ging.
5 Nu chiu rng bn mp ca thanh ging ln hn 150 mi-li-mt th mt bn ca bn
thnh, cc np phi c t theo khong cch thch hp c bn mp.
6 Cc m chng vn phi c t trn bn thnh ca sng ngang nh trong ca m mt
v vng ni vi thanh ging, v.v..., theo khong cch thch hp gia cng hu hiu
cho cc sng ngang. Trong trng hp nu chiu rng ca bn mp mi bn bn thnh
ca sng ln hn 180 mi-li-mt, th m chng vn ni trn phi c bn mp.
7 Bn thnh ca cc sng ngang mn v sng ng ca vch dc ti m mt trn v m mt
di, vng ln cn cc u trong ca cc m ny v vng gn gc ca thanh ging phi
c gia cng c bit bng cc np t theo khong cch hp hn.
27.8 Cc quy nh ring i vi han g
27.8.1 Chiu dy ca tn bao
1 nhng tu khng c mn kp, chiu dy ca tn bao to thnh vch bin ca cc
khoang du hng c d nh cha nc dn, tr cc khoang ch dng cha nc
dn trong iu kin thi tit xu, phi khng nh hn chiu dy xc nh theo cng thc
cho 27.3.2 ng thi vi vic p dng cc quy nh Chng 14 cng vi 0,5 mi-li-mt.
2 Khi p dng cc yu cu ca Chng ny, chiu dy ca tn bao c th c gim 0,5
mi-li-mt so vi chiu dy xc nh theo cng thc cho 27.4.1.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

400
27.8.2 Chiu dy tn boong
1 Khi p dng nhng yu cu ca Chng ny, chiu dy tn ca boong mn kh c th
c gim 0,5 mi-li-mt so vi chiu dy tnh theo cng thc cho 27.4.1.
2 Chiu dy tn ca boong mn kh khoang du hng, khi p dng nhng quy nh
Chng 15, phi c ly bng chiu dy xc nh theo cng thc cho 15.3 cng thm
ti thiu l 0,5 mi-li-mt.
27.8.3 Chiu dy ca tn nc kt
Chiu dy ca tn nc kt trong khoang du hng v kt su khng c nh hn chiu
dy tng ng xc nh theo cng thc cho 27.4.1 cng thm 1,0 mi-li-mt. Tuy nhin,
s cng thm ny khng bt buc i vi tn y trn.
27.8.4 M un chng un ca tit din x dc boong, x dc mn v np gia cng dc
1 M un chng un ca tit din x dc b tr tn boong trong cc khoang du hng phi
khng nh hn 1,1 ln tr s tnh theo cc quy nh 8.3.3.
2 M un chng un ca tit din dm v np b tr trn tn mn v vch to thnh cc
khoang du hng c d kin cha nc dn, tr nhng khoang ch dng cha
nc dn trong iu kin thi tit xu, phi khng nh hn 1,1 ln tr s tnh theo cc quy
nh 27.5.1 v 27.5.2.
27.8.5 Chiu dy ca cc c cu tm trong cc kt dn k vi khoang du hng
1 Chiu dy ca tn vch phn cch gia kt dn v khoang du hng phi khng nh hn
chiu dy quy nh 27.2 cng thm 1,0 mi-li-mt.
2 Trong trng hp cc khoang du hng k cn c trang b h thng hm nng, chiu
dy ca tn vch phn cch gia kt dn v khoang du hng phi khng nh hn chiu
dy xc nh theo -1 cng vi 1,0 mi-li-mt.
27.8.6 Chiu dy tn boong trong khoang du hng
Chiu dy tn boong trong khoang du hng khng c nh hn chiu dy xc nh theo
27.2 cng vi 1,0 mi-li-mt.
27.8.7 Chiu dy ca tn y trn trong khoang du hng
1 Chiu dy ca tn y trn trong khoang du hng phi k n nh hng ca
mn g.
2 Chiu dy ca tn y trn vng gn ming ng ht trong khoang du hng, v chiu
dy thnh ca h t, nu c, phi khng nh hn chiu dy xc nh theo yu cu
27.4.1-1 cho vng p dng thch ng cng thm 2,0 mi-li-mt.
27.9 Cc quy nh ring i vi tu c boong gia
27.9.1 Phm vi p dng
Cc kt cu ca tu du c boong gia i sut chiu di khu vc khoang hng phi tha
mn cc quy nh t 27.1 n 27.8 cng vi cc quy nh 27.9.
27.9.2 Ti trng
Trong trng hp cc kt cu trong khoang du hng pha di boong gia c xc
nh theo cc cng thc quy nh 27.4.1, 27.5.2 v 27.6.5, cc tr s ca h
1
, h
2
v h
3
phi
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

401
c ly nh quy nh Bng 2A/27.19.
Bng 2A/27.19 Ti trng
iu
Ti trng
27.4.1 27.5.2 27.6.5
h
1

Khong cch thng
ng t cnh di
ca tm tn vch
n boong gia (m)
Khong cch thng ng t
trung im ca chiu di l i
vi cc np ng, v t trung
im ca khong cch t np
pha trn n np pha di
i vi np nm, n boong
gia (m).
Khong cch thng
ng t trung im
chiu di S i vi
sng nm, v t trung
im ca chiu di l i
vi sng ng, n
boong gia (m).
h
2

0,85(h
1
+A h) (m)
Ah phi c ly
theo 27.4.1-1.
0,85(h
1
+A h) (m)
Ah phi c ly theo 27.4.1-1.
0,85(h
1
+A h) (m)
Ah phi c ly theo
27.4.1-1.
h
3

0,7 ln khong
cch thng ng t
cnh di ca tm
tn vch n mt
trn ca ming
khoang hng (m).
0,7 ln khong cch thng
ng t trung im ca chiu
di l i vi cc np ng, v
t trung im ca khong
cch t np pha trn n np
pha di i vi np nm,
n mt trn ca ming
khoang hng (m).
0,7 ln khong cch
thng ng t trung
im chiu di S i vi
sng nm, v t trung
im ca chiu di l i
vi sng ng, n mt
trn ca ming khoang
hng (m).
27.9.3 Boong gia
Trong trng hp nu chiu dy tn boong gia c tnh nh chiu dy tn nc ca kt
du hng di th chiu dy tn boong gia phi c ly khng nh hn chiu dy c
xc nh theo cng thc cho 27.4.1, s dng ti trng quy nh 27.9.2 v cng thm
1,0 mi-li-mt.
27.10 Nhng quy nh ring i vi cc khoang mn pha trc
27.10.1 Phm vi p dng
i vi nhng tu du c chiu di khng nh hn 200 mi-li-mt, cc kt cu nhng kt
mn trng trong trng thi y ti, nm phm vi t 0,15 L k t sng mi n vch
mi phi tha mn cc quy nh t 27.1 n 27.9 cng vi cc quy nh 27.10.
27.10.2 Dm dc mn
1 M un chng un tit din ca dm dc mn phi khng nh hn tr s xc nh theo
cng thc sau:
2
1
Z 9C kShl = (cm
3
)
Trong :
l : Khong cch cc sng ngang (m).
S : Khong cch cc dm dc mn (m).
h : Khong cch t dm dc mn ang xt n im nm cao hn mt trn ca tn
gia y mt khong (m):
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

402
h 0,7d 0,05L = +
Tuy nhin, y trong mi trng hp h phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo
cng thc sau (m):
h 0,2 L 0,03L = +
C
1
, k : Nh quy nh 27.4.1-1.
2 Trong trng hp nu dm dc mn c ni vi sng ngang bng cc m, m un
chng un ca tit din (Z) c th c xc nh bng cch nhn tr s (Z) c xc nh
t cng thc sau y vi tr s xc nh t cng thc quy nh -1.
2
Z' (1 C) =
Trong :
C : c xc nh t cc cng thc sau:
1 2
b b 0,3
C
l
+
= Nu gn m hai u
b 0,15
C
l
= Nu gn m mt u
b
1
, b
2
, b : Chiu di cnh m dc theo dm dc mn (m). Tuy nhin, trong trng hp
nu tr s ca C l m, th ly C = 0. (xem Hnh 2A/27.2).

Hnh 2A/27.2 Xc nh b, b
1
v b
2

27.11 Kt cu v gia cng y pha mi
bn ca y mi tu phi tha mn cc quy nh 4.8 v 14.4.4.
27.12 Nhng quy nh ring i vi ming khoang hng v h thng thot nc mt
boong
27.12.1 Tu c mn kh qu ln
i vi tu c mn kh qu ln vic min gim so vi quy nh 27.12 s c xem xt.
27.12.2 Ming ca khoang du hng
1 Chiu dy tn thnh ca ming khoang du hng phi khng nh hn 10 mi-li-mt. Nu
chiu di ca thnh ming khoang ln hn 1,25 mt v chiu cao ca thnh ming khoang
ln hn 760 mi-li-mt th phi t cc np ng thnh dc hoc thnh ngang v mp
trn ca thnh ming khoang phi c gia cng thch ng.
2 Np ming khoang hng phi c lm bng thp hoc bng cc vt liu c chp nhn
b
1
b
2
b
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

403
khc. Kt cu ca np ming khoang bng thp phi tha mn cc quy nh sau. Kt cu
ca np ming khoang lm bng vt liu khng phi l thp phi tha mn yu cu ca
ng kim.
(1) Chiu dy tn np phi khng nh hn 12 mi-li-mt.
(2) Nu din tch ca ming khoang ln hn 1 mt vung nhng khng ln hn 2,5 mt
vung, th np ming khoang phi c gia cng bng cc thanh thp dt c chiu
rng 100 mi-li-mt t cch nhau khng xa hn 610 mi-li-mt. Tuy nhin, nu tn np
ming khoang c chiu dy 15 mi-li-mt hoc ln hn, th c th khng cn t np
gia cng.
(3) Nu din tch ca ming khoang hng ln hn 2,5 mt vung, th tn np ming
khoang phi c gia cng bng cc thanh thp dt c chiu rng 125 mi-li-mt t
cch nhau khng xa qu 610 mi-li-mt.
(4) Np ming khoang phi c c nh chc chn bng kha t cch nhau khng xa
qu 457 mi-li-mt i vi ming khoang hnh trn hoc cch nhau khng xa qu
380 mi-li-mt v cch cc gc khng qu 230 mi-li-mt i vi ming khoang hnh
ch nht.
27.12.3 Ming khoang khng phi l khoang du hng
nhng v tr l trn boong mn kh v boong thng tng mi hoc trn nc ca hm
ni gin n, cc ming khoang khng phi l khoang du hng phi c cc np kn nc
bng thp c kch thc tha mn cc yu cu 18.2.4 v 18.2.5.
27.12.4 H thng thot nc mt boong
1 Nhng tu c mn chn sng phi t lan can tha t nht mt na chiu di phn l
ca boong mn kh hoc phi c h thng thot nc hu hiu khc. Mp trn cng ca
di tn mp mn phi c gng c h thp.
2 Nu cc thng tng c ni vi nhau bng hm boong, th lan can tha phi c t
trn ton b chiu di phn l ca boong mn kh.
3 Cc thnh chn c chiu cao ln hn 300 mi-li-mt t trn boong thi tit khu vc cc
ng gp hng v cc ng hng phi c coi nh mn chn sng. Cc l tiu phi c
b tr ph hp vi yu cu 21.2. Cc np ng gn vo cc l tiu s dng khi thao
tc nhn v tr hng phi c b tr sao cho khng b kt khi tu trn bin.
27.13 Hn
27.13.1 Phm vi p dng
Tr khi c quy nh ring 27.7.1, vic hn tu du phi tha mn cc yu cu Bng
2A/1.6.
27.13.2 Hn gc
1 Vic p dng ng hn gc cho cc kt cu nm trong khu vc hng ha phi phi theo
yu cu Bng 2A/27.20.
2 Chiu rng chn ca ng hn gc cc khu vc (1) v (2) di y t nht phi bng
0,7 ln chiu dy tn theo quy nh Chng ny.
(1) ng hn gc cc phn lin kt gia cc sng ngoi cng ca y i vi
ngang.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

404
(2) ng hn gc cc phn lin kt gia cc sng di cng ca mn kp vi khung
sng ngang.
Bng 2A/27.20 Yu cu i vi mi hn gc
Dng Tn c cu Hn vi
Loi mi hn
1 Tn bao, tn boong, tn vch dc
hoc tn y trn
F1
2 Bn thnh F1
3
Bn thnh
Bn mp F2
4
L khot c cu
chui qua bn thnh
Bn thnh ca dm dc mn, x dc
boong v np nm ca vch dc
F2
5 Bn thnh F3
6
Sng dc
v sng
ngang
M chng vn v
np gia cng
bn thnh
Bn thnh ca dm dc mn, x dc
boong v np nm ca vch dc
F1
7
Dm dc mn, x dc boong
v np nm ca vch dc
Tn bao, tn boong hoc tn vch dc
F3

8
Cc chi tit to thnh thanh ging (bn
thnh vi bn mp)
F3

9

Thanh ging
Bn mp ca sng
F1

Ch thch:
Nu bn knh gc ln nh ca m mt nh, th nn s dng mi hn F1 trn mt chiu
di thch hp nh ca m.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

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CHNG 28 TU CH QUNG

28.1 Kt cu v trang thit b
28.1.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Kt cu v trang thit b ca nhng tu d nh phn cp v ng k l Tu ch
qung phi tha mn cc yu cu ca Chng ny hoc cc yu cu tng ng.
2 Ngoi nhng yu cu c bit ca Chng ny, cc yu cu chung v kt cu v trang
thit b ca tu thp phi c p dng.
3 Nhng yu cu ca Chng ny c p dng cho kt cu ca nhng tu c chiu di
nh hn 230 mt, c hnh dng thng thng, c mt boong, c bung my ui tu, c
hai vch dc kn nc lin tc, c y i di cc khoang qung, c boong v y kt
cu theo h thng dc.
4 Trong trng hp nu kt cu ca tu khc vi quy nh -3 hoc chiu di tu vt qu
230 mt v nhng yu cu Chng ny khng c p dng th vic tnh ton kt cu
thn tu phi c ng kim chp thun.
28.1.2 Phn khoang
1 Khong cch gia vch dc v mn tu (a), d phn hp ca mi v ui tu, phi
khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y:
a =4L +500 (mm)
2 t nht phi c mt vch ngang kn nc t gia cc vch dc kn nc pha trc ca
trung im chiu di ca vng ch qung, tr trng hp m ng kim thy rng khng
cn phi t vch ngang ti .
Theo tha thun vi ng kim, kch thc ca kt cu c th c xc nh bng
phng php tnh ton trc tip. Nu cc kch thc c cu tnh bng phng php tnh
ton trc tip ln hn cc kch thc yu cu Chng ny th cc kch thc theo tnh
ton trc tip phi c s dng.
28.1.4 y i
1 Chiu cao ca y i phi c xc nh sao cho trong iu kin ti trng tm ca tu
phi cao cn thit. Chiu cao chun l 0,2 D (m).
2 Chiu dy ca sng chnh (t) phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y:
t =0,04L +7,0 (mm)
3 ngang tm hoc sng ngang y phi c t di vch hoc di khung sng
ngang ca khoang mn hoc ca khoang trng.
4 Nu y trn c kt cu theo h thng dc th chiu dy ca ngang tm (t) phi
khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y. Tng chiu cao ca cc l khot gim
trng lng, l khot cc c cu xuyn qua v.v..., on cch cc mt ca ngang
y mt khong bng hoc ln hn b/4 phi khng ln hn 1/2 chiu cao tit din
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

406
ngang, v on cch mt ca ngang mt khong bng b/8 phi khng ln hn 1/4
chiu cao tit din ngang. Nu l khot gim trng lng c gia cng thch ng
th gii hn ni trn c th c tng ln.
0
SbH
t 0,0625 2,5
d
= + (mm)
Trong :
S : Khong cch gia cc ngang tm (m).
b : Chiu di ca ngang tm (m).
H : Tr s tnh theo cc cng thc sau y:
H =2,0h - d Nu ch t cc ngang tm
H =1,6h - d Nu gia cc ngang tm c t mt sng ngang y
cc dm dc y trn.
Trong :
h : Khong cch thng ng t mt tn y trn n boong trn o ng
tm tu (m).
d
0
: Chiu cao tit din ngang tm (m).
5 tm sng chnh v ngang tm, np phi c t cch nhau khng xa qu tr s tnh
s theo cng thc sau y:
s =100t - 250 (mm)
Trong :
t : Chiu dy ca tm sng chnh hoc ca ngang tm (mm).
6 Chiu dy ca tn y trn (t) phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cc cng thc sau y,
ly tr s no ln hn:
1
t 6,6S h 5,0 = + (mm)
2
t 19 S 5,0 = + (mm)
Trong :
S : Khong cch gia cc dm dc y trn (m).
h : Nh quy nh -4.
7 M un chng un (Z) ca tit din dm dc y trn phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo
cng thc sau y:
2
Z 21Shl = (cm
3
)
Trong :
h : Nh quy nh -4.
l : Khong cch gia cc ngang tm hoc cc sng ngang y (m).
28.1.5 Kt cu v kch thc c cu ca khoang mn hoc khoang trng
Kt cu v kch thc c cu ca khoang mn hoc khoang trng phi theo cc yu cu sau:
1 Dm dc mn v x ngang boong, ni chung, phi theo cc yu cu 27.5 v 27.10.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

407
2 Kt cu v kch thc ca sng ngang, sng dc, sn khe v thanh ging phi tha
mn cc yu cu sau y:
(1) Chiu dy ca sng ngang, sng dc, sn khe v thanh ging khng c nh hn
tr s ly theo Bng 2A/27.1 ph hp vi chiu di tu;
(2) Sng ngang v sng dc cng v tr phi c b tr sao cho trnh c s thay i
t ngt bn v cng vng. Chng phi c m lin kt vi kch thc ph hp
v mt phi ln u;
(3) Chiu cao tit din ca sng ngang v sng dc phi khng nh hn 2,5 ln chiu cao
l khot sn, x v np chui qua;
(4) Bn mp ca sng phi c chiu dy (t) khng nh hn chiu dy bn thnh v chiu
rng ton b phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y:
0
t 85,4 d l =
Trong :
d
0
: Chiu cao tit din sng (m). Nu sng l dng b mp th d
0
l cao t
mt trong ca tm mp km n mt trong ca bn mp.
l : Khong cch gia cc ta ca sng (m). Tuy nhin, nu c cc m
chng vn th m c th c coi nh ta.
(5) Sng ngang phi c gia cng thch ng tha mn cc quy nh t (a) n (c)
di y:
(a) Chiu cao ca np dng thanh gn vi sng ngang phi khng nh hn 0,08 d
0
.
Tuy nhin, nu t np trn sut chiu cao tit din ca sng, th d
0
c ly
bng chiu cao tit din sng ngang; nu np c t t nh ca chic x dc
xuyn qua sng ngang n bn mp ca sng, th d
0
c gim n bng chiu
cao tit din ca x dc; nu np c t song song vi bn mp th d
0
phi
c ly bng khong cch gia cc m chng vn;
(b) Phi t cc m chng vn trn bn thnh ca sng ngang, ti mp trong ca cc
m mt v ti phn giao nhau vi thanh ging cng nh ti nhng vng khc
gia cng hu hiu cho sng ngang. Nu chiu rng ca bn mp vt qu 180
mi-li-mt c hai bn ca bn thnh th phi t cc m chng vn sao cho
c bn mp.
(c) Cc m chn sng ngang ca vch dc, ca mn v bn thnh ca sng trong
vng ln cn mp m phi c np gia cng t khong cch gn nhau.
(6) Kt cu v kch thc ca sng ngang phi tha mn cc yu cu sau y:
(a) Cc k hiu c dng (6) nh sau:
Q =Shl
0

0
n im H
2
cao hn mt tn gia
y (m)
h
s
: Khong cch t trung im ca b
s
n im H
2
cao hn mt tn gia
y (m)
H
2
=d +0,038L
l
0
: Chiu di ton b ca khung ngang mn (m), ly bng khong cch t
mt trong ca tm mp ca khung ngang y n mt trong ca tm
mp ca khung ngang boong (Xem Hnh 2A/28.1)
S : Khong cch gia cc khung ngang (m)
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

408
S
1
: Khong cch gia cc np gn theo chiu cao tit din ca tm thnh
ca khung ngang phn t thanh ging ngang (m).
K : H s ph thuc vo cp thp, bng 1 i vi thp thng, i vi thp
bn cao ly theo 1.1.7-2(1)
k : H s hiu chnh do hai u gn m, c tnh theo cng thc sau:
1 2
0
0,65(b b )
k 1
l
+
=
b
1
v b
2
: Chiu di cnh lin kt ca m cc mt tng ng ca sng v
khung ngang kho (m)
b : Chiu di cnh lin kt ca m di cng (m). Mt trn ca m phi ly
trng vi giao im ca ng tip tuyn vi cnh t do ca m ng
vi gc nghing l 45 so vi ng chun v ng ko di ca
cnh trong ca phn tit din u pha di ca khung ngang mn.
(Xem Hnh 2A/28.1)
b
s
: Chiu rng ca din tch c bi thanh ging ngang (m) (Xem Hnh
2A/28.1)
d
0
: Chiu cao tit din ca khung ngang mn o mp trong ca m di
(m) (Xem Hnh 2A/28.1)
a : Chiu cao l khot dm dc mn xuyn qua vng ln cn mp
trong ca m di (m). Tuy nhin, nu cc l khot ny c gn tm
bt th a c th ly bng 0.
A : Din tch chu tc dng ca lc hng theo chiu trc ca thanh ging
ngang (cm
2
), c ly nh sau:
(i) Nu cc tm mp ca thanh ging lin tc n tm mp ca khung
ngang dng ln gc hoc dng tng t, A l tng ca din
tch tit din tm thnh ca khung ngang phn gia im tip xc
ca tip tuyn vi ng trn hoc ng cong tng t to thnh
gc 45
o
vi thanh ging, din tch tit din ca np t trn tm
thnh c cng hng vi thanh ging vng gia hai im tip
xc, v 0,5 ln din tch tit din tm mp ti cc im lin kt
(Xem Hnh 2A/28.2 (a))
(ii) Nu cc tm mp ca thanh ging lin tc n tm mp ca khung
ngang dng ng thng c ln gc th A bng tng din tch
tit din tm thnh ca khung ngang phn gia hai trung im
ca hai giao im ca phn ko di ng mt trong ca cc tm
mp hai bn ca thanh ging vi mt trong ca phn chuyn tip,
din tch tit din ca np t theo hng trc ca thanh ging trn
tm thnh vng cc im gia nu trn v 0,5 ln din tch ca
tm mp vng cc trung im (Xem Hnh 2A/28.2 (a))
(iii) Nu cc tm mp ca thanh ging lin kt trc tip vi tm mp
ca khung ngang vi gc vung hoc gn nh vung v tt c cc
tm mp c lin kt vi m v ngoi ra cc np t trn tm
thnh ca khung ngang theo ng ko di ca cc tm mp ca
thanh ging th A bng tng ca din tch tit din tm thnh ca
khung ngang phn gia cc im gia ca cc giao im ca
cc ng ko di theo mt trong ca tm mp hai bn ca
thanh ging v khung ngang vi cc ng thng to thnh gc
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

409
45
o
vi hng ca thanh ging, tip xc vi cnh t do ca m v
din tch tit din ca cc np t nh nu trn (Xem Hnh
2A/28.2(c))
C
0
, C
1
v C
2
: H s tng ng cho Bng 2A/28.1 ty thuc s
lng thanh ging.

0
, C
1
, C
2
, v C
2

Hnh 2A/28.1 o l
0
, d
0
, b, b
S
,v.v...
Hnh 2A/28.2 Cch xc nh din tch tit din tng cng A
45
o

45
o

(b)
45
o

45
o

(c)
45
o

45
o

(a)
H2 cao hn mt tn gia y
Mt trn tn gia y
d
0

45
d
0

b
s

(
T
h
a
n
h

g
i
n
g

t
r
n
)

b
s

(
T
h
a
n
h

g
i
n
g

d
i
)

b
s

(
T
h
a
n
h

g
i
n
g

t
r
n
)

l
0

b

b
s

(
T
h
a
n
h

g
i
n
g

d
i

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

410
S lng thanh ging C
0
C
1
C
2
C
2

0 0,150 55,70 5,07 7,14
1 0,110 44,80 2,70 4,42
2 0,100 39,40 2,28 3,74
3 0,095 36,20 2,12 3,49

(b) Chiu cao tit din ca sng ngang (m) phi khng c nh hn C
0
l
0
ti trung
im ca l
0
. Nu sng ngang c dng thon dn th lng gim chiu cao tit din
mt trn khng c vt qu 10% so vi chiu cao tit din ti trung im ca
l
0
, v t l tng chiu cao mt di khng c nh hn t l gim mt trn.
(c) Chiu dy bn thnh sng ngang (t) ti mp trong ca m cc mt di khng
c nh hn tr s xc nh theo cng thc sau:
1
0
0
b
C 148
l QK
t 3,5
1000 d' a
= +
(mm)
(d) Chiu dy bn thnh sng ngang ti vng lin kt vi thanh ging khng c
nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y. Nu bn thnh c cc l khot nh
trong vng lin kt vi thanh ging th cc l khot phi c bi thng thch
ng bng tm m.
S S
1
Sb h
t 16 S
A
= (mm)
(e) M un chng un tit din sng ngang ti nhp khng c nh hn tr s tnh
theo cng thc sau:
Z =C
2
k
2
KQl
0
(cm
3
)
(7) Kch thc cc sng ng ca vch dc phi khng c nh hn tr s xc nh theo
cc quy nh t (b) n (e) (6) ni trn. i vi cc sng khng c thanh ging th h
l khong cch t trung im ca l
0
n nh ming khoang.
(8) Kch thc ca ngang y phi tha mn cc yu cu sau y:
(a) cng ca ngang y phi tng ng vi cng ca ngang mn.
(b) M un chng un tit din (Z) ca ngang ti nhp khng c nh hn tr s
Z =9,3k
2
KSh
1
l
2
(cm
3
)
Trong :
k, K v S : Nh quy nh (6) ni trn.
h
1
: c tnh theo cng thc sau:
h
1
=d +0,026L
l : Chiu di ton b ca ngang y (m), c ly bng khong cch
gia mt trong ca bn mp ngang y v mt trong ca bn mp
sng ng ca vch dc.
(c) M un chng un tit din (Z) ca ngang y hng v chn vch dc phi
khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y. Khi tnh m un chng un tit
din, trc trung ha ca tit din c coi l gia ca chiu cao ngang d
0

(Xem Hnh 2A/28.1).
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

411
Z =C
2
kQl
0
(cm
3
)
Trong :
k, Q v l
0
: Nh quy nh (6) trn.
C'
2
: H s cho Bng 2A/28.1, ph hp vi s lng thanh ging.
(9) Kch thc ca x ngang boong phi tha mn cc quy nh sau y:
(a) cng ca x ngang boong phi tng ng bn ca sn mn.
(b) M un chng un tit din ca x ngang boong ti nhp phi khng nh hn tr s
Z =3 K
2
kS L l
0
2
(cm
3
)
Trong :
k, K v S : Nh quy nh (6) trn.
l
0
: Chiu di ton b ca x ngang boong (m), c ly bng khong cch
t mt trong ca bn mp ca sn n mt trong bn mp ca sng
ng vch dc.
(10) Chiu dy bn thnh ca x ngang boong phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng
thc 27.6.5-3.
(11) Nu sn mn v sng ng vch dc c lin kt vi thanh ging th thanh ging
phi tha mn nhng yu cu sau y:
(a) Kt cu ca thanh ging phi tha mn yu cu sau:
(i) Phi t m chn ca thanh ging lin kt thanh ging vi sn v sng
ng.
(ii) Nu chiu rng bn mp ca thanh ging vt qu 150 mi-li-mt v mt bn
ca bn thnh th phi t np vng thch hp bn mp.
(b) Kch thc ca thanh ging phi ph hp vi cc quy nh 27.6.8.
3 Kt cu v kch thc c cu ca vch phi ph hp vi cc yu cu 27.2 v 27.4. Tuy
nhin, khi p dng cc yu cu ca 27.4, h
1
, h
2
, v h
3
phi c ly ph hp vi cc quy
nh p dng cho vch kt su.
4 Chiu dy ca tn vch dc kn nc ti phn di ca khoang qung phi c tng
thch ng theo s tng quan vi chiu dy ca tn y trn.
5 Chiu dy tn vch dc kn nc phi tha mn cc yu cu 13.3.2, 13.3.3 v 13.4.
28.1.6 Vch ngang khoang qung
1 Kch thc cc c cu ca vch ngang khoang qung phi theo cc yu cu 12.2. Tuy
nhin, khi p dng cc yu cu ny, h trong cng thc phi c thay th bng 0,72 h.
Trong h tnh theo quy nh sau y:
(a) Tn vch : Khong cch thng ng (m) t cnh di ca tm tn vch n boong
trn, o ng tm tu.
(b) Np : Khong cch thng ng (m) t trung im ca l i vi np ng, v t trung
im ca S i vi np nm n boong trn o ng tm tu. Tuy nhin, nu
khong cch nh hn 6 mt th h c ly t nht l bng 1,2 mt cng vi 0,8
khong cch , S v l theo quy nh 12.2.3.
(c) Sng : Khong cch thng ng t trung im ca l i vi sng ng hoc t trung
im ca S i vi sng nm, n boong trn o ng tm tu. Tuy nhin, nu
khong cch nh hn 6 mt th h c ly bng 1,2 mt cng vi 0,8 khong cch
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

412
, l v S c quy nh 12.2.5.
2 Mc d nhng quy nh -1, chiu dy tn vch ngang phi khng nh hn 7 mi-li-mt.
3 Chiu dy ca di tn di cng ca vch phi c tng theo chiu dy ca tn y
trn.
28.1.7 Bin dng tng i ca khoang mn
Vi nhng khoang mn m tr s R
d
tnh theo cng thc sau y ln hn 0,18 th phi c
bit quan tm n kt cu ca khoang mn:
d
b b s s s t t t
2h 0,65d a
R l
n K n K n K b
=
+ q + q

Trong :
h : Khong cch thng ng t mt tn y trn n boong trn o ng tm tu
(m).
l : Chiu di ca mt khoang qung (m).
a : 1/2 chiu rng ca khoang hng (m).
b : Chiu rng ca kt mn (m).
n
b
, n
s
v n
t
: Tng ng l s lng vch ngang, vch chn v khung ngang trong kt
mn t phm vi. Vi cc vch mt mi v mt ui, l tng ng c tnh
bng 1/2.
q
s
v q
t
: Tr s cho Bng 2A/28.2 ph hp vi t s khot. Vi cc tr s trung gian
ca t s khot, (s

v (t c tnh theo php ni suy tuyn tnh.
K
b
, K
s
v K
t
: c tnh theo cng thc sau:
Dt
81,0
b o

Trong :
t : Chiu dy trung bnh ca tn vch ngang trong kt mn (mm) khi tnh K
b

Chiu dy trung bnh ca tn vch chn trong kt mn (mm) khi tnh K
S

Chiu dy trung bnh ca khung ngang trong kt mn (mm) khi tnh K
t

o : Tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y, nu vch ngang hoc vch chn trong
kt cnh c dng sng, ng vi sng ng hoc sng ngang.
i vi dng sng ng:
ath
l
b
o =
i vi dng sng ngang:
dep
l
D
o =
Trong :
l
ath
: Chiu di sng vch theo phng ngang tu (m)
l
dep
: Chiu di sng vch theo phng chiu cao tu (m)
Vi trng hp khc vi trng hp trn, o c ly bng 1,0.
Bng 2A/28.2 H s
s
v
t

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

413
T l khot (%) 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
q
s
v q
t
1,00 0,95 0,80 0,55 0,35 0,23 0,15 0,10 0,06
28.1.8 Tiu nc khoang qung
1 mi bn mn tu phn sau ca mi khoang qung phi c l ht nc hng. nhng
tu ch c mt khoang qung nu chiu di ca khoang qung ln hn 66 mt th phi c
thm mt l ht hng b sung t v tr thch hp na trc ca chiu di khoang.
2 H t phi c t v tr thch hp sao cho bo v c tm np khi s va chm trc
tip ca qung v phi c hp li hoc mt phng tin thch hp khc cho ming ht
khng b kt bi qung, v.v...
3 Nu ng ng dn nc hng qua y i, kt mn hoc khoang trng th ming ng
phi c van mt chiu hoc van chn c th ng c t mt v tr d tip cn.
4 ng ng ht nc hng phi c ng knh trong tnh theo cng thc 13.5.3-1 Phn
3, ly B l chiu rng trung bnh ca khoang qung.
28.1.9 Tu qung/du
1 Nhng tu ch qung dng ch du khoang qung v/hoc khoang mn (T sau y
c gi l Tu qung/du) phi tha mn cc yu cu tng ng ca Chng 27 cng
vi cc yu cu ca Chng ny.
2 Thm vo cc yu cu ca Chng ny, ng kim c th a thm nhng yu cu c
bit, cn thit cho cc tu qung/du.
28.1.10 Kt lng tu qung/du
1 Phi t ngn cch ly gia kt lng v bung my theo yu cu 27.1.2-2. Thm vo ,
ngn cch ly phi c t gia kt lng v khoang qung, tr khi kt lng c lm sch
v ty kh bt k lc no trc khi nhn hng qung.
2 Cc ngn cch ly quy nh -1 c th c cha nc tr khi n c ng thi dng
lm bung bm, lm kt du t hoc kt nc dn, hoc kt du hng (ch trong trng
hp l ngn cch ly gia kt lng v khoang qung).
3 Khng gian quanh kt lng phi c thng gi y .
4 Phi t bng thng bo ch thch hp ghi r nhng iu kin bt buc phi tun th
trc khi nhn hoc tr hng hoc trong thi gian ch qung cng vi nc ln du trong
kt lng.
5 Nn dng h thng kh tr cho kt lng.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

414
CHNG 29 TU HNG RI
29.1 Quy nh chung
29.1.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Kt cu v trang thit b ca nhng tu c thit k ng k l Tu hng ri phi
theo nhng yu cu ca Chng ny hoc cc yu cu tng ng.
2 Ngoi nhng yu cu c bit ca Chng ny th cc yu cu chung v kt cu v trang
thit b ca tu thp phi c p dng cho tu hng ri.
3 Nhng yu cu ca Chng ny c p dng i vi kt cu ca nhng tu c hnh
dng thng thng, c mt boong, bung my ui tu, c kt hng, kt nh mn, c
y i di khoang hng.
4 Nhng tu c kt cu khc vi quy nh ni trn v nhng tu m nhng yu cu ca
Chng ny khng th p dng c, phi tha mn yu cu ca ng kim.
29.1.2 Kiu tu v nhng quy nh p dng
1 Cc tu c chiu di L
1
khng nh hn 150 mt phi c xp vo mt trong cc kiu tu
sau y phi tha mn cc yu cu ca Chng ny. L
1
l chiu di tu c nh ngha
1.2.16 Phn 1A hoc 97% chiu di tu (m) o trn ng nc ch hng thit k ln
nht, ly s no nh hn.
(1) Cc tu kiu BC-A : l cc tu ch hng ri c thit k ch hng ri c t trng
hng ri c nh ngha 29.10.1 bng v ln hn 1.0 (t/m
3
) trong c mt s cc
hm hng rng xc nh chiu chm ch hng thit k ln nht (sau y gi l trng
thi ti trng hng xen k) v vi tt c cc kt dn trng.
(2) Cc tu kiu BC-B : l cc tu ch hng ri c thit k ch hng c t trng
hng ri bng v ln hn 1.0 (t/m
3
) trong iu kin ti trng ng nht chiu chm
ch hng thit k ln nht v vi tt c cc kt dn trng.
(3) Cc tu kiu BC-C : l cc tu ch hng ri c thit k ch hng c t trng
hng ri nh hn 1.0 (t/m
3
) trong iu kin ti trng ng nht chiu chm ch hng
thit k ln nht v vi tt c cc kt dn trng.
2 Cc tu c chiu di L
1
nh hn 150 mt c ng kim xem xt ring trong tng trng
hp c th.
29.1.3 Th tch ca cc kt dn
1 Tu phi c cc kt dn c th tch v c b tr sao cho p ng ti thiu cc iu
kin dn quy nh (1) v (2):
(1) iu kin dn bnh thng l iu kin dn (khng hng) vi bt k hm hng no
hoc cc hm hng trng c chp nhn ch nc dn trn bin v khi:
(a) Chn vt ngp ht, v
(b) chi phi theo sng ui v khng vt qu 0,015 L
1
.
(2) Trng thi dn nng l trng thi dn (khng hng) khi:
(a) Chn vt ngp n mc m khong cch t tm chn vt n ng nc bng v
ln hn 60% ng knh chn vt
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

415
(b) chi phi theo sng ui v khng vt qu 0,015 L
1
, v
(c) Chiu chm mi l thuyt khng nh hn tr s nh hn trong hai tr s sau: 0,03 L
1

hoc 8 mt.
2 Tu trong cc trng thi dn quy nh -1(1) v (2) ni trn, phi tha mn cc quy nh
v kt cu v bn ca y mi nu 4.8 v 14.4.4, bn dc nu Chng 13 v n
nh nguyn vn Phn 10.
3 Nu bt k kt dn no hoc cc kt (ngoi tr hm hng hoc cc hm c chp nhn
cha nc dn trn bin trong trng thi dn bnh thng nu -1(1)) trng trong
cc trng thi dn ni -1, cc tu trong trng thi m tt c cc kt dn y 100% phi
tha mn cc yu cu v bn dc quy nh Chng 13.
29.1.4 Cc bn v v cc h s trnh duyt
1 Cc bn v v cc h s trnh duyt phi nu r loi hng v/hoc nc dn, dung tch
cha, mc cht lng, v.v..., mi khoang c s dng.
2 Nu dng phng php tnh ton trc tip bn theo quy nh 29.1.3 th phi trnh
duyt cc ti liu cn thit cho tnh ton.
Theo tha thun vi ng kim, kch thc ca kt cu c th c xc nh bng
phng php tnh ton trc tip. Nu kch thc cc c cu tnh c bng phng php
tnh ton trc tip ln hn cc kch thc yu cu ca Chng ny th cc kch thc tnh
ton trc tip phi c s dng.
1 Chiu dy ca tn y trn, ca tn vch, ca ngang tm, ca sng v ca cc m
trong y i, kt hng, kt nh mn, khoang hng v.v..., phi khng c nh hn tr s
cho Bng 2A/29.1 ty thuc chiu di ca tu.
Bng 2A/29.1 Chiu dy ti thiu ca cc c cu trong cc kt
L (m)

>
<

105
105
120
120
135
135
150
150
165
165
180
180
195
195
225
225
275
275
Chiu dy ti
thiu (mm)
8,0 8,5 9,0 9,5 10,0 10,5 11,0 11,5 12,0 12,5
2 Chiu dy bn thnh v m mt trn (t) ca sn khoang phi khng nh hn tr s tnh
theo cng thc sau y. Chiu dy ca m mt di ca sn khoang t nht phi ln
hn tr s tnh theo cng thc ny 2 mi-li-mt.
t =C(0,03L
0
+7,0) (mm)
Trong :
L
0
: Chiu di ca tu quy nh 1.2.20 Phn 1A ca QCVN ny hoc 0,97 ln chiu
di tu o trn ng nc ch hng thit k cc i, ly tr s no nh hn (m).
Tuy nhin, nu L
0
ln hn 200 mt th L
0
phi c ly bng 200 mt.
C : H s c ly bng:
(1) 1,15 i vi tm thnh ca sn khoang trong hm gn mi nht
(2) 1,00 i vi tm thnh ca sn khoang trong hm khc.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

416
3 i vi tu hng ri c mn n, chiu dy ca tm v gia kt nh mn v kt hng
khng c nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc:
1
t L = (mm)
Trong L
1
nh quy nh -2.
29.2 y i
29.2.1 Quy nh chung
1 Ngoi nhng quy nh 29.2, phi p dng nhng quy nh ca Chng 4.
2 Kch thc cc c cu ca y i dng lm kt su phi tha mn cc yu cu
Chng 12. Tuy nhin, chiu dy ca tn y trn khng cn phi tng 1 mi-li-mt nh
quy nh ca 12.2.7 cho tn nc ca kt su.
3 Trong Chng ny, t trng ring ca hng ha
D
,
Full
,
H
,
HD
v
B
c nh ngha theo
cng thc sau y:
D
=
D
M
V

Full
=
Full
M
V

H
=
H
M
V

HD
=
HD H
M 0,1M
V
+

B
=
B
M
V

Trong :
M
D
: Khi lng hng ln nht i vi mi hm hng (tn)
M
Full
: Khi lng hng trong hm hng ph hp vi hng m t trng thc (khi
lng ng nht/ th tch ca hm bao gm c thnh ming hm, ti thiu
bng 1,0 t/m
3
) y n nh ca thnh ming hm hng (tn). Trong mi
trng hp M
Full
khng c nh hn M
H

M
H
: Khi lng hng trong hm ph hp vi trng thi hng ng nht ti ng
nc ch hng thit k ln nht (tn)
M
HD
: Khi lng hng ln nht cho php ch trong hm ph hp vi trng thi ti
trng hng xen k (tn)
M
B
: Khi lng nc dn ln nht i vi hm hng trong trng thi cha nc
dn trong hm hng (sau y gi l trng thi dn hm hng), nu c (tn)
V : Th tch ca hm hng bao gm c thnh ming hm (m
3
).
4 H s k quy nh 29.2 c tnh theo cng thc sau y. Tuy nhin, nu gc | (xem
Hnh 2A/29.1) gia vch nghing kt hng v mt phng nm ngang l qu ln th tr s k
phi c ly theo tha thun vi ng kim.
H
2 2 1
0
l l
k 2,1
d
e (1 )
d
=
+

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

417
Trong : (xem Hnh 2A/29.1)
l
H
: Chiu di ca khoang (m). Nu vch ngang c cc thanh p th l
H
c th c ly
bng khong cch gia cc nh ca thanh p .
l : Tng chiu di bao quanh theo tn vch nghing, tn bao v sng ph to thnh
kt hng (m).
e : Chiu rng ca kt hng (m).
d
1
: Khong cch t mt tn gia y n nh ca kt hng o mn (m).
d
0

Hnh 2A/29.1 Xc nh , l, e, d
0
, d
1

29.2.2 Sng chnh v sng ph
1 Sng ph phi c t u kt hng. Ngoi ra, cc sng ph phi c t trong
khong cch gia sng chnh v sng ph u kt hng theo khong cch (S) khng ln
hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y. Tuy nhin, nu khong cch ln hn 4,6 mt th
phi c ly bng 4,6 mt.
S =1,57 - 1,6
D
(m) : i vi cc khoang cha hng
S =3,5 (m) : i vi cc khoang trng khi tu ti
Trong :
D
: c nh ngha nh 29.2.1-3.
2 Tr trng hp c ng kim chp nhn c bit, chiu cao tit din sng chnh phi
khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y. Tuy nhin, trong mi trng hp, chiu
cao phi khng nh hn B/20.
H
L BD
15
m
(mm)
Trong :
L
H
: Tng chiu di ca cc khoang hng tr bung bm v ngn cch ly (m).
m : S lng khoang trong vng hng ha.
3 Chiu dy ca tm sng chnh v tm sng ph phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cc

l
|
e
Tn vch nghing
Mt trn ca tn gia y
d
1

M
n

d
0

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

418
yu cu (1) v (2) sau y, ly tr s no ln hn:
(1) Chiu dy tnh theo cng thc sau y ty thuc v tr trong khoang:
2
1
0 1 H
SBd x y
C 2,6 0,17 1 4 2,5
d d l B
(
| |
| |
+
(
| |
\ .
( \ .

(mm)
Trong :
S : Khong cch cc tm ca hai vng t sng chnh hoc sng ph ang xt
n cc sng dc ln cn (m).
d
0
: Chiu cao tit din sng chnh hoc sng ph ang xt (m).
d
1
: Chiu cao ca l khot ti v tr ang xt (m).
l
H
: Chiu di nh ngha 29.2.1-4.
H
ca mi khoang n im ang xt
(m). Tuy nhin, nu x nh hn 0,2 l
H
, th n c ly bng 0,2 l
H
, nu x ln
hn 0,45l
H
th n c ly bng 0,45 l
H
.
y : Khong cch theo phng ngang t ng tm tu n sng dc (m).
C
1
: H s tnh theo cng thc: nab
n,a : H s c a ra trong Bng 2A/29.2, trong nu B/l
H
vt qu 1,8 th
ly B/l
H
bng 1,8 v nu B/l
H
nh hn 0,5 th ly B/l
H
bng 0,5. i vi cc
trng thi ti trng c bit khc vi cc trng thi nu trong Bng 2A/29.2,
h s ny do ng kim quy nh.
(2) Chiu dy (t) tnh theo cng thc sau y:
1 0
t C 'd 2,5 = + (mm)
Trong :
d
0
: Chiu cao tit din sng ti im ang xt (m). Tuy nhin, nu sng c
gn np nm th d
0
l khong cch t np nm n tn bao y hoc n
tn y trn hoc l khong cch gia cc np nm (m).
C
1
: H s cho Bng 2A/29.4 ty thuc S
1
/d
0
S
1
/d
0
th C
1
S
1
: Khong cch cc m hoc cc np t sng chnh hoc sng ph ang
xt (m).
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

419
Bng 2A/29.2 H s n v a
TT Trng thi n a
1 Trng thi ti trng ng nht
H
1 B
7 2
3 l
| |
|
\ .

'
Full
h 0,026L
1
d d
+

2 Trng thi ti trng hm vi
H H
1 B B
2 5
3 l l
| | | |
o +
| |
|
\ . \ .

'
H
0,5 0,026L
1
d d
+

3 Trng thi dn
H
1 B
7 2
3 l
| |
|
\ .

'
act
d 0,026L
d
+ (4)

Trng thi bc/xp hng nhiu
cng
Ti trng hm ti ng nc gi
nh bng 67% ca d

'
Full
h 0,026L
0,67
d d
+

4
(1)

Hm rng ti chiu chm gi nh
bng 83% ca d

H H
1 B B
2 5
3 l l
| | | |
o +
| |
|
\ . \ .

'
0,026L
0,83
d
+

Trng thi ti trng xen k
Hm c ti trng
'
Full
h 0,026L
1
d d
+
5
(2)

Hm rng

1,0
'
0,026L
1
d
+

Trng thi dn hm hng
Hm c chp nhn cha
nc dn
'
act B
d 0,026L h
d d

6
(3)

Cc hm hng khc
H H
1 B B
2 5
3 l l
| | | |
o +
| |
|
\ . \ .

'
act
d 0,026L
d
+

7
Trng thi bc/xp hng (chiu
chm gi nh bng 67% ca d)
H H
1 B B
2 5
3 l l
| | | |
o +
| |
|
\ . \ .

B
h
0,67
d

Trong :
h : Khong cch thng ng t mt y trn n boong trn o ng tm tu (m).
L: Chiu di ca tu (m). Tuy nhin, nu L ln hn 230 mt th L c ly bng 230 mt.

D
,
Full
,
H
,
HD
v
B
: Nh quy nh 29.2.1-3.
o : T l ti trng khc bit gia ti trng hng trn mi n v din tch ln y i ca hm
bn cnh v p lc nc y tu bao gm c p lc b sung ca sng bin thin (p lc
ph hp vi chiu cao sng ly bng 0,026 L, tuy nhin gi tr ny c th ly bng 0 i
vi trng thi cng) i vi ti trng tng t khc ca hm ang xt. Tr s ln nht
ca t l ny trong gii hn d tnh ca p lc nc y tu c tnh n. Trong mi
trng hp tr s ny khng c ly nh hn -1,0 v ln hn 1,0.
d
act
: Chiu chm thc ph hp vi trng thi ti trng quy nh Bng 2A/29.2 (m).
Ch thch:
(1)
Cc trng thi ny khng cn p dng i vi nhng tu khng thit k cho trng thi
bc/xp hng nhiu cng
(2)
Cc trng thi ny khng cn p dng cho nhng tu khc vi kiu tu BC-A
(3)
Cc trng thi ny khng cn p dng i vi nhng tu khng thit k cho trng thi
dn hm hng
(4)
Tr s a, trong mi trng hp khng c ly nh hn:
0,026L'
0,45
d

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

420
Bng 2A/29.3 H s b
B/l
H
>

<
k

1,4
1,4
1,6
1,6
1,8
1,8
2,0
2,0
2,2
2,2
2,4
2,4
> 10,0
5,0
2,0
1,0
0,0
0,017
0,016
0,015
0,014
0,013
0,016
0,015
0,015
0,014
0,013
0,015
0,014
0,014
0,014
0,013
0,014
0,013
0,013
0,013
0,012
0,013
0,012
0,012
0,012
0,012
0,012
0,011
0,011
0,011
0,011
0,011
0,011
0,011
0,011
0,011
Bng 2A/29.4 H s C
1

S
1
/d
0
s 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,2 1,4 > 1,6
Sng chnh 4,4 5,4 6,3 7,1 7,7 8,2 8,6 8,9 9,3 9,6 9,7
C
1

Sng ph 3,6 4,4 5,1 5,8 6,3 6,7 7,0 7,3 7,6 7,9 8,0

4 Nu c on sng ph trung gian c chiu dy thch ng c t gia cc vch ngang
hoc chn thanh p di vch ngang v ngang c t v tr cch mt ca l
H
mt
khong bng hoc ln hn 0,2 l
H
th c th cng thm vo chiu dy ca cc sng k cn
35% chiu dy ca mi sng ph trung gian. Nu c thanh p di vch ngang th phi
c sng ph t di thanh p cn bng vi on sng ph trung gian .
5 Nu tu c sng hp th chiu rng ca sng hp phi khng ln hn 1,8 mt. Phi quan
tm n s lin tc v bn ca cc ngang c, ca cc np ca tn bao y v tn
y trn trong phm vi sng hp .
6 Nu khong cch t mt tn y trn n nh ng trn ln hn 15 mt th phi t cc m
c hai mt ca cc np ng gia cng cho cc sng ph kn nc. Cc m phi
c lin kt vi cc dm dc ca y trn v y di.
29.2.3 ngang c
1 Cc ngang c phi c t cch nhau khng ln hn tr s (S) tnh theo cc cng
thc sau y. Tuy nhin, khong cch phi khng ln hn 3,65 mt d rng tr s tnh
c ln hn 3,65 mt, v c th c ly bng 2,5 mt nu tr s tnh c nh hn 2,5
mt. ngang c phi c t di chn ca tm dc ca thanh p di vch ngang.
S =5,6 - 2,8
D
(m) : i vi cc khoang cha hng
S =2,5 (m) : i vi cc khoang trng trong trng thi tu ti.
Trong :
D
: Nh quy nh 29.2.1-3.
2 Chiu dy ca ngang c phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cc yu cu (1) v (2)
sau y, ly tr s no ln hn.
(1) Chiu dy ca ngang c (t) tnh theo cng thc sau y ph thuc vo v tr trong
khoang:
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

421
2
2
0 1 H
SB'd 2y x
t C 1 2 2,5
d d B" l
(
| |
| |
( = +
| |
\ . (
\ .

(mm)
Trong :
S : Khong cch gia cc ngang c (m).
B : Khong cch gia hai ng chn ca kt hng o mt tn y trn
phn gia tu (m).
B : Khong cch gia hai ng chn ca kt hng o mt tn y trn ti
v tr ngang c ang xt (m).
l
H
: Chiu di nh ngha 29.2.1-4.
y : Khong cch ngang t ng tm tu n im ang xt v tr ca
ngang c ang xt (m). Tuy nhin, nu y nh hn B/4 th n c ly
bng B/4, nu y ln hn B/2 th n c ly bng B/2.
H
ca khoang tng ng n
ngang c ang xt (m).
d
0
: Chiu cao tit din ngang c ti im ang xt (m).
d
1
C
2
: H s tnh theo cng thc sau y. Tuy nhin, vi nhng khoang k cn
ng thi c cha hoc trng th tr s tnh theo cng thc phi c
nhn vi 0,9 : ab
a : H s quy nh 29.2.2-3.
b : Tr s cho Bng 2A/29.5 ph thuc k v B/l
H
nh ngha 29.2.1-4.
Vi cc tr s trung gian ca k th tr s ca b c tnh theo php ni suy
tuyn tnh.
Bng 2A/29.5 H s b
B/l
H
>
k <

0,4
0,4
0,6
0,6
0,8
0,8
1,0
1,0
1,2
1,2
1,4
1,4
1,6
1,6
1,8
1,8
2,0
2,0
2,2
2,2
2,4
2,4
>10,0
5,0
2,0
1,0
0,0
0,040
0,040
0,041
0,041
0,041
0,038
0,040
0,040
0,040
0,041
0,034
0,037
0,038
0,040
0,041
0,031
0,033
0,035
0,039
0,041
0,026
0,030
0,033
0,037
0,041
0,023
0,026
0,030
0,034
0,040
0,021
0,024
0,028
0,032
0,037
0,018
0,022
0,025
0,029
0,033
0,016
0,018
0,023
0,026
0,032
0,015
0,018
0,021
0,024
0,030
0,014
0,016
0,018
0,023
0,026
0,012
0,015
0,017
0,021
0,025

(2) Chiu dy ngang c (t) tnh theo cng thc sau y ph thuc v tr trong khoang:
2 2
0
3
1 '
2
H d
t 8,6 (t 2,5) 2,5
C
= + (mm)
Trong :
t
1
: Chiu dy theo yu cu (1).
d
0
: Chiu cao nh ngha (1).
C
2
: H s cho Bng 2A/29.6 ph thuc t s khong cch np S
1
(m) chia
cho d
0
. Vi cc tr s trung gian ca S
1
/d
0
th C
2
c tnh theo php ni
suy tuyn tnh.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

422
Bng 2A/29.6 H s C
2

S
1
/ d
0
s 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,2 > 1,4
C
2
64 38 25 19 15 12 10 9 8 7
H : Tr s tnh theo cc cng thc sau y:
(a) Nu ngang c c nhng l khot nh khng c gia cng th H c
tnh theo cng thc sau y. Tuy nhin, nu d
1
/S
1
nh hn 0,5 th H c ly
bng 1,0 :
1
1
d
H 4,0 1,0
S
=
Trong :
d
1
: Chiu cao ca l khot nh khng c gia cng phn trn hoc
phn di ca ngang c (m) ly tr s no ln hn.
(b) Nu ngang c c nhng l khot ln khng c gia cng th H c
tnh theo cng thc :
0
H 0,5 1
d
u
= +
Trong :
u : ng knh ln hn ca cc l khot (m).
(c) Nu ngang c c nhng l khot nh khng c gia cng v nhng l
khot ln khng c gia cng th H c ly bng tch ca cc tr s tnh
theo (a) v (b).
(d) Ngoi cc trng hp (a), (b) v (c) th H c ly bng 1,0.
3 Nu c on ngang c trung gian c chiu dy thch hp t trong vng t sng ph
ngoi cng n sng ph cch mt khong khng nh hn 0,2 B th c th cng
thm vo chiu dy ca cc ngang c tng ng k cn 35% chiu dy ca n. Trong
trng hp ny, trong kt hng phi t cc tm ngang, cc sng hoc m cn bng
vi on ngang c trung gian .
29.2.4 Tn y trn
1 Chiu dy ca tn y trn phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cc cng thc sau y, ly
tr s no ln hn:
2
3
1
0
C B d
t 2,5
1000 d
= + (mm)
2 3
t C 'S h 2,5 = + (mm)
Trong :
d
0
h : Khong cch thng ng t mt tn y trn n boong trn o ng tm
tu (m).
C
3
: H s tnh theo cng thc sau y. Tuy nhin, vi cc khoang k nhau ng thi
l cc khoang cha hoc cc khoang trng v nhng khoang rt ngn th tr s
tnh theo cng thc ny phi c nhn vi 1,2 :
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

423
C
3
=ab
a : Nh quy nh 29.2.2-3.
b : Bng b
0
hoc ob
1
ty thuc vo tr s ca B/l
H
:
b
0
nu B/l
H
<0,8
b
0
hoc ob
1
, ly tr s no ln hn, nu 0,8 s B/l
H
<1,2
ob
1
nu B/l
H
s 1,2
b
1
v b
0
: c cho Bng 2A/29.7 ty thuc tr s ca k v B/l
H
. Tuy nhin,
vi cc tr s trung gian ca k th b
0
v b
1
c tnh theo php ni suy
tuyn tnh.
k v l
H
: Nh quy nh 29.2.1-4.
o : c tnh theo cng thc :
B
13,8
24 11f
o =

f
B
: T s ca m un chng un ca tit din ngang thn tu yu cu
Chng 13 chia cho m un chng un thc ca tit din ngang thn tu
ly vi y.
Bng 2A/29.7 Cc h s b
1
v b
0

B/l
H

>
<

0,4
0,4
0,6
0,6
0,8
0,8
1,0
1,0
1,2
1,2
1,4
1,4
1,6
1,6
1,8
1,8
2,0
2,0
2,2
2,2
b
1
v b
0

k

b
0
b
0
b
0
b
0
b1 b
0
b
1
b
1
b
1
b
1
b
1
b
1
b
1

> 10,0
5,0
2,0
1,0
0,0
4,6
3,9
3,3
2,7
2,0
4,1
3,5
3,0
2,4
2,0
3,4
2,9
2,4
2,1
1,9
2,3
2,1
1,9
1,7
1,5
2,3
2,0
1,7
1,4
1,4
1,7
1,5
1,5
1,4
1,3
2,2
1,9
1,7
1,6
1,3
2,0
1,8
1,6
1,4
1,3
1,8
1,6
1,5
1,4
1,2
1,5
1,4
1,4
1,3
1,2
1,3
1,2
1,2
1,2
1,2
1,1
1,1
1,1
1,1
1,1
1,0
1,0
1,0
1,0
1,0

C
3
: H s tnh theo cc cng thc sau y ty thuc vo tr s ca
l
:
S

l
0,46 2,64
s
| |
+
|
\ .
nu 1 s
l
S
<3,5
4,25 nu
l
S
> 3,5
l : Khong cch gia cc ngang y (m).
: L
D
,
Full
hoc
B
nh quy nh 29.2.1-3 p dng i vi hm hng, chn
tr s no ln hn.
2 Nu khng c vn lt sn th chiu dy ca tn y trn vng di ming khoang hng
phi c tng 2 mi-li-mt so vi tr s tnh theo cng thc th hai ca -1 hoc so vi
chiu dy quy nh 29.2.1-2, ly tr s no ln hn, tr trng hp quy nh -3.
3 nhng tu m hng ha thng xuyn c bc xp bng gu ngom hoc bng cc
phng tin c gii tng t, chiu dy ca tn y trn phi c tng 2,5 mi-li-mt so
vi quy nh -1 hoc 29.2.1-2, ly tr s no ln hn, tr trng hp c vn lt sn.
29.2.5 Dm dc
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

424
1 M un chng un ca tit din dm dc y phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng
thc sau y:
2
B
100C
(d 0,026L')Sl
24 15,5f
+
(cm
3
)
Trong :
f
B
: Nh quy nh 29.2.4-1.
(a) 1,0 : Nu khng c thanh chng quy nh 29.2.6 t gia cc ngang
y.
(b) 0,625 : Nu c thanh chng quy nh 29.2.6 t gia cc ngang y,
phn di cc khoang b trng khi tu c ti hoc phn di ca cc
kt su.
(c) 0,3 +0,2 : Trong cc trng hp khc.
Tuy nhin, C phi khng nh hn 0,5. V hn na, nu chiu rng ca np ng
gia cng ngang y v chiu rng ca thanh chng l c bit ln th h s C
c th c gim thch ng.
: L
D
,
Full
hoc
B
nh quy nh 29.2.1-3 p dng i vi hm hng, chn tr s
no ln nht.
S : Khong cch gia cc dm dc y (m).
L: Chiu di tu (m). Tuy nhin, nu L ln hn 230 mt th L c ly bng 230
mt.
thc sau y. Tuy nhin, m un chng un ca tit din dm dc y trn phi khng nh
hn 0,75 m un chng un ca tit din dm dc y di cng v tr sn:
2
B
100CShl
Z
24 12f
=
(cm
3
)
Trong :
f
B
: Nh quy nh 29.2.4-1.
(a) : Nu khng c thanh chng quy nh 29.2.6 t gia cc ngang y.
Tuy nhin, C phi khng nh hn 0,90.
(b) 0,6 : Nu c thanh chng quy nh 29.2.6 t gia cc ngang y.
Tuy nhin, C phi khng nh hn 0,54. Hn na, nu chiu rng ca np
ng gia cng ngang y v chiu rng ca thanh chng l c bit ln
th h s C c th c gim thch ng.
: L
D
,
Full
hoc
B
nh quy nh 29.2.1-3 p dng i vi hm hng, chn tr s
no ln hn.
h : Nh quy nh 29.2.4-1.
l : Khong cch cc ngang c (m).
S : Khong cch cc dm dc y trn (m).
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

425
1 Nu thanh chng thng ng c t th n phi l thp cn khng phi l thp dt hoc
thp m v phi c hn vo bn thnh ca dm dc y trn v dm dc y di.
2 Din tch tit din ca ca thanh chng thng ng ni trn phi khng nh hn tr s tnh
theo cng thc sau y. Nu y i c chiu cao ln th phi quan tm thch ng n n
nh ca thanh chng:
F 1,8CSbh = (cm
2
)
Trong :
b : Chiu rng ca din tch bi thanh chng (m).
h : c tnh theo cng thc sau y (m):
i
d 0,026L' h
2
+ +

Trong mi trng hp h phi khng nh hn d.
L : Nh quy nh 29.2.2-3.
h
i
: Bng ln tr s ca h quy nh 29.2.4-1 (m). Tuy nhin, di kt su, h
phi khng nh hn khong cch thng ng t mt ca y trn n trung
im khong cch t mt y trn n nh ng trn hoc 0,7 khong cch
thng ng t mt y trn n im 2,0 mt cao hn nh ng trn, ly tr
s no ln hn (m).
: L
D
,
Full
hoc
B
nh quy nh 29.2.1-3 p dng i vi hm hng, chn tr
s no ln hn.
s
1
l
1 0,5
k

Trong mi trng hp h s C phi khng nh hn 1,43.
l
s
: Chiu di ca thanh chng (m).
k : Bn knh qun tnh ti thiu ca tit din thanh chng thng ng (cm), tnh
theo cng thc:
I
A

Trong :
4
).
2
).
29.2.7 Kt cu y i di thanh p di ca vch ngang
Tn y trn, sng chnh, sng ph v dm dc y di thanh p di ca vch ngang
phi c lin kt vi cc c cu ca khoang ngay trc v sau vch. ngang y
phi tng ng vi ngang y ca khoang.

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426
29.3 Kt hng
29.3.1 Quy nh chung
1 Cc ngn ca kt hng phi c gng t trng vi cc ngn ca khoang.
2 Phi quan tm thch ng n s lin tc v bn ca kt cu mt trc v mt sau
ca kt hng.
3 Kch thc cc c cu ca kt hng phi theo cc yu cu ca 29.3 v ca Chng 12.
29.3.2 Chiu dy ca tn vch nghing
1 Chiu dy (t) ca tn vch nghing kt hng phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc
sau y:
t =CS h 2,5 + (mm)
Trong :
S : Chiu di cnh ngn ca tm to bi cc np (m).
h : Khong cch thng ng t cnh di ca tm vch nghing n boong trn o
ng tm tu (m).
C : H s tnh theo cng thc sau y. Tuy nhin, trong mi trng hp C phi khng
nh hn 3,2:
C =
1 2
4,25C C
C
1
C
1
=0,615+0,11
l
S
nu 1 s
l
S
<3,5
C
1
=1,0 nu
l
S
> 3,5
l : Chiu di cnh di ca tm to bi cc np (m).
C
2
: H s tnh theo cng thc sau y :
C
2
=1,0 nu | s 40
o

C
2
=1,4 - 0,01| nu 40
o
< | <80
o

C
2
= 0,6 nu | > 80
o

| : Gc ca vch nghing lm vi mt phng nm ngang nh quy nh
29.2.1-4.
: L
D
,
Full
hoc
B
nh quy nh 29.2.1-3 p dng i vi hm hng,
chn tr s no ln hn.
2 nhng tu m hng ha thng xuyn c bc xp bng gu ngom hoc bng mt
phng tin c gii tng t, chiu dy ca tn vch nghing phi c tng nh sau so
vi chiu dy c xc nh -1 hoc chiu dy c xc nh theo 29.3.1-3, ly tr s
no ln hn:
Tn vch nghing di ming khoang : 2,5 (mm)
Tn vch nghing nhng ch khc : 1,0 (mm)
3 Nu vch nghing ca kt hng c gn np ngang th chiu dy tn vch nghing phi
khng mt n nh.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

427
29.3.3 Np
1 M un chng un tit din ca np dc gia cng vch nghing phi khng nh hn tr
Z =
2
CShl (cm
3
)
Trong :
h : Khong cch thng ng t np n boong trn o ng tm tu (m).
l : Chiu di ca np dc gia cc sng ngang (m).
C =
B
B
y
24 15,5f
y
o

o : H s tnh theo cng thc cho Bng 2A/29.8, ph thuc gc | l gc gia
vch nghing v mt phng nm ngang v nh quy nh 29.2.1-3.
Bng 2A/29.8 H s
Gc | o
| s 40
40 < | < 80
| > 80
130
(214 - 2,1|)
46

f
B
: T s m un chng un ca tit din ngang thn tu theo yu cu Chng 13
chia cho m un chng un ca tit din ngang thc ca thn tu ly vi y.
y : Khong cch thng ng t trc trung ha ca tit din ngang thn tu n np
dc ang xt (m).
y
B
: Khong cch thng ng t trc trung ha ca tit din ngang thn tu n mt
tn gia y (m).
2 M un chng un ca tit din np ngang gia cng vch nghing phi khng nh hn tr
Z =
2
CShl (cm
3
)
Trong :
S : Khong cch gia cc np ngang (m).
l : Khong cch gia cc ta ca np (m).
h : Khong cch thng ng t trung im ca l n boong trn o ng tm
tu (m).
C : H s tnh theo cng thc cho Bng 2A/29.9 ph thuc | l gc nhn gia
vch nghing v mt phng nm ngang v quy nh 29.3.2-1.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

428
Bng 2A/29.9 H s C
Gc | C
| s 40
40 < | < 80
| > 80
7,8
(12,8 - 0,125|)
2,8
3 Dm dc y trong kt hng phi theo cc yu cu 4.4.3. Dm dc mn phi theo cc
yu cu 5.4.1-1, trong mi trng hp, l trong cng thc phi c ly bng khong
cch cc sng ngang (m). M un chng un ca tit din dm dc hng khng cn phi
ln hn m un chng un ca tit din dm dc y.
29.3.4 Sng ngang
1 Trong kt hng, sng ngang hoc tm ngang phi c t theo mi ngang c.
2 Chiu cao tit din sng ngang vch nghing ca kt hng phi khng nh hn 1/5 ca l
quy nh -3 hoc khng nh hn 2,5 ln chiu cao ca l khot dm dc xuyn qua,
ly tr s no ln hn.
3 Chiu dy ca sng ngang vch nghing phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cc cng
thc sau y, ly tr s no ln hn:
t
1
=
0
10d 2,5 + (mm)
t
2
=
0
C Shl
2,5
1000 d a
+
(mm)
Trong :
d
0
: Chiu cao tit din sng ngang (m).
a : Chiu cao ca l khot c cu chui qua (m). Nu c nhng tm m t
vng 0,25 l tnh t mi mt ca l th a c th c thay i theo kch thc ca
tm m, a c th c ly bng 0 on 0,5 l ti vng gia ca l.
S : Chiu rng ca din tch bi sng ngang (m).
h : Khong cch thng ng t trung im ca l n boong trn o ng tm
tu (m).
l : Tng chiu di ca sng ngang. Nu sng ngang c lin kt bng cc m
hu hiu cc gc th l c th c thay i theo yu cu 1.1.16.
C : H s tnh theo cc cng thc Bng 2A/29.10 ph thuc | l gc nhn gia
vch nghing v mt phng nm ngang v nh quy nh 29.3.2-1.
Bng 2A/29.10 H s C
Gc | C
| s 40
40 < | < 80
| > 80
41,7
(68,5 - 0,67|)
14,9
Ch thch:
(1) Nu nh hn 0,7 th c ly bng 0,7.
(2) Nu tr s C tnh theo cng thc trn y nh hn 27,8 th C phi c ly bng 27,8.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

429
4 M un chng un ca tit din sng ngang vch nghing ca kt hng phi khng nh
Z =
2
CShl (cm
3
)
Trong :
C : H s tnh theo cng thc cho Bng 2A/29.11 ph thuc | l gc nhn gia
vch nghing v mt phng nm ngang v c ly nh 29.3.2-1.
Trong mi trng hp, chiu dy bn mp phi khng nh hn chiu dy bn thnh v
chiu rng ca bn mp phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y:
t =
0 1
85,4 d l (mm)
Trong :
d
0
: Chiu cao tit din ca sng ngang (m).
l
1
: Khong cch gia cc ta ca sng ngang (m). Tuy nhin, nu t cc m
chng vn c tc dng hu hiu th chng c th c coi l ta.
5 Phi t cc np bng thp dt sng ngang hoc tm ngang ti nhng v tr m dm dc
xuyn qua. Cc m chng vn phi c t cch nhau khong 3 mt.
Bng 2A/29.11 H s C
Gc | C
| s 40
40 < | < 80
| > 80
7,1
(11,5 - 0,11|)
2,7
Ch thch:
(1) Nu nh hn 0,7 th c ly bng 0,7.
(2) Nu tr s C tnh theo cng thc trn y nh hn 4,75 th C phi c ly bng 4,75.
(3) Nu c ta hu hiu t trung im ca sng ngang th C c ly bng 0,5 tr s
tnh c theo cng thc ni trn.
29.4 Kt nh mn
29.4.1 Quy nh chung
1 Cc ngn ca kt nh mn phi c gng t trng vi cc ngn ca khoang. Tr khoang
ngoi cng, mt ngn ca kt nh mn c th trng vi hai ngn k nhau ca khoang.
2 Phi quan tm thch ng n s lin tc v bn ca kt cu hai u ca kt nh
mn.
3 Kch thc cc c cu ca kt nh mn phi theo cc yu cu 29.4 v cc yu cu
Chng 12. Tuy nhin, khi p dng cc quy nh Chng 12, h phi c ly khng
nh hn 0,5 chiu rng ca kt nh mn on gia tu.
4 Vi cc np dc lm bng thp dt, t s chiu cao chia cho chiu dy ca tit din phi
khng ln hn 15. Vi cc np dc gn boong tnh ton on gia tu, t s mnh
phi c gng khng ln hn 60.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

430
29.4.2 Chiu dy ca tn vch nghing
1 Chiu dy tn vch nghing (t) ca kt nh mn phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng
thc sau y:
t =4,6S h 2,5 + (mm)
Trong :
S : Khong cch cc np dc hoc np ngang (m).
h : Khong cch thng ng t cnh di ca tm vch nghing n nh ng trn
hoc 0,5 chiu rng ca kt nh mn on gia tu, ly tr s no ln hn
(m).
2 Nu vch nghing ca kt nh mn c gn np ngang th chiu dy ca tn vch
nghing phi m bo n nh cho tm.
29.4.3 Np vch nghing
1 M un chng un (Z) ca np dc vch nghing ca kt nh mn phi khng nh hn
Z =
2
CShl (cm
3
)
Trong :
S : Khong cch gia cc np dc (m).
h : Khong cch thng ng t np n nh ng trn hoc 0,5 chiu rng ca kt
nh mn on gia tu, ly tr s no ln hn (m).
l : Chiu di ca np dc gia cc sng ngang (m).
D
D
100
c
y
24 15,5f
y
=

Trong :
f
D
: T s ca m un chng un ca tit din ngang thn tu theo yu cu
Chng 13 chia cho m un chng un thc ca tit din ngang thn
tu ly i vi boong.
y
D
: Khong cch thng ng t trc trung ha ca tit din ngang thn tu
n mt trn ca x boong o mn (m).
y : Khong cch thng ng t trc trung ha ca tit din ngang thn tu
n np dc ang xt (m).
2 M un chng un (Z) ca tit din np ngang vch nghing ca kt nh mn phi
khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc:
Z =
2
6,8Shl (cm
3
)
Trong :
S : Khong cch cc np ngang (m).
l : Chiu di t do ca np (m).
h : Khong cch thng ng t trung im ca l n nh ng trn hoc 0,5 chiu
rng ca kt nh mn o on gia tu, ly tr s no ln hn (m).
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

431
29.4.4 X dc boong
M un chng un ca tit din x dc boong kt nh mn phi khng nh hn tr s
tnh theo cng thc yu cu 8.3.3, trong h l ti trng boong (kN/m
2
) quy nh 8.2
hoc 0,5 chiu rng ca kt nh mn on gia tu nhn vi 9,81, ly tr s no ln
hn.
29.4.5 Sn mn
1 M un chng un ca tit din sn dc kt nh mn phi khng nh hn tr s tnh
theo cng thc 5.4.1-1 vi l v h c ly nh sau:
l : Khong cch gia cc sng ngang mn (m).
h : Nh quy nh 5.4.1-1 nhng phi khng nh hn 0,5 chiu rng ca kt nh mn
on gia tu (m).
2 Nu sn ngang c t tn mn trong vng kt nh mn th m un chng un (Z)
tit din ca n phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y:
Z =
2
6Shl (cm
3
)
Trong :
S : Khong cch cc sn (m).
l : Khong cch thng ng t y ca vch nghing ca kt nh mn n boong
trn o mn (m).
mt tn gia y hoc 0,5 chiu rng ca kt nh mn o on gia tu, ly
tr s no ln hn (m). Tuy nhin, nu tr s nh hn 3 L (m) th h phi
c ly bng 3 L (m).
L: Chiu di tu (m). Tuy nhin, nu L ln hn 230 mt th phi ly L bng 230 mt.
29.4.6 Sng ngang
1 Sng ngang hoc tm ngang trong kt nh mn phi c t cch nhau khng xa qu 5 mt.
2 Nu c nhng thanh chng hu hiu t v tr trung gian ca cc sng ngang th chiu
cao ca tit din sng ngang phi khng nh hn 1/6 ca l quy nh -3. Trong cc
trng hp khc, chiu cao ca tit din sng ngang phi khng nh hn 1/5 ca l hoc
khng nh hn 2,5 ln chiu cao ca l khot dm dc xuyn qua, ly tr s no ln
hn.
3 Chiu dy ca bn thnh (t) phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cc cng thc sau y, ly
tr s no ln hn:
t
1
=
0
10d 2,5 + (mm)
t
2
=
0
Shl
0,0417 2,5
d a
+
(mm)
Trong :
d
0
: Chiu cao tit din sng ngang (m).
a : Chiu cao ca l khot c cu chui qua. Nu c nhng tm m hu hiu t
vng 0,25 l tnh t mi mt ca l th a c th c thay i theo kch thc
ca tm m, a c th c ly bng khng on 0,5 l ti vng gia ca l.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

432
S : Chiu rng ca din tch c bi sng ngang (m).
h : Khong cch thng ng t trung im ca l n ming ng trn hoc bng 0,5
chiu rng ca kt nh mn on gia tu, ly tr s no ln hn (m).
l : Chiu di ton b ca sng ngang (m). Nu tm dc c t v tr trung gian
ca sng ngang th l l khong cch t tm dc n nh ca m gc ca sng
ngang (m). Trong trng hp m c tc dng hu hiu th l c th thay i theo
quy nh 1.1.16.
4 M un chng un (Z) ca tit din sng ngang phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng
thc sau y. Nu c thanh chng hu hiu t mt v tr trung gian ca sng ngang th
h s 7,13 c th c thay th bng 3,57.
Z =
2
7,13Shl (cm
3
)
Trong :
Trong mi trng hp chiu dy ca bn mp phi khng nh hn chiu dy ca bn
thnh, chiu rng ca bn mp (b) phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y:
b =
0 1
85,4 d l (mm)
Trong :
d
0
l
1
: Khong cch gia cc ta ca sng ngang (m). Tuy nhin, nu c t cc
m chng vn c tc dng hu hiu th cc m c th c coi l ta.
5 Sng ngang hoc tm ngang phi c gn cc thanh thp dt gia cng t nhng v
tr m dm dc xuyn qua v cc m chng vn phi c t cch nhau khong 3 mt.
6 Nu c hng ha nng t trn boong th bn thnh hoc tm ngang phi c gia cng
thch hp.
29.4.7 Kt nh mn ln
1 Nu kt nh mn c kch thc ln th phi c bit quan tm n kt cu bng cch t
nhng tm dc vng trung im ca chiu rng kt nh mn.
2 Nu t tm dc th chiu dy t ca tm dc phi khng nh hn tr s quy nh
29.1.4 hoc tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y, ly tr s no ln hn:
t =
y
19,8S 2,5
D
+ (mm)
Trong :
y : Khong cch thng ng t im D/2 (m) cao hn mt tn gia y n trung
im ca tm gia cc np (m).
3 Nu np dc c t tm dc th chiu cao tit din np phi khng nh hn 0,06 l,
trong l l khong cch gia cc sng t tm dc. Nu cc mt ca np dc c
lin kt vi m chng vn th chiu cao tit din np c th c gim thch ng.
4 Nu cc np ngang c t tm dc th chiu dy ca tm dc phi m bo n
nh. Kch thc ca np phi tng ng vi kch thc quy nh -3.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

433
29.5 Vch ngang v vch
29.5.1 Vch ngang
1 Kch thc cc c cu ca vch ngang phi theo cc yu cu 12.2. Tuy nhin, khi p
dng nhng yu cu ny, h trong cng thc phi c thay th bng 0,36 h, trong
nh quy nh 29.3.2-1. Tuy nhin, nu nh hn 1,5 th n phi c ly bng 1,5 v h
c ly nh sau:
(1) Vi tn vch : Khong cch thng ng t cnh di ca tm tn vch n boong
trn o ng tm tu (m).
(2) Khong cch thng ng t trung im ca l, nu l np ng, v t trung im ca
khong cch ca cc np k cn, nu l np nm, n boong trn o ng tm tu
(m), l c quy nh 12.2.
(3) Khong cch thng ng t trung im ca l, i vi sng ng np, hoc t trung
im ca S, i vi sng nm, n boong trn o ng tm tu (m). l v S c
quy nh 12.2.5.
2 Mc d nhng quy nh -1, kch thc cc c cu ca vch ngang phi khng nh hn
quy nh Chng 11.
3 Di tn n ca vch ngang lin k vi tn v phi c gia cng thch ng.
4 Vi vch ngang khng c thanh p di, chiu dy ca di di cng ca tn vch phi
c tng thch ng c xt n chiu dy ca tn y trn.
5 Tn vch ngang lin kt vi tn vch nghing ca kt nh mn phi c gia cng thch
ng bng cch tng chiu dy hoc bng mt bin php khc.
29.5.2 di v trn ca vch ngang
1 Chiu dy di ca vch ngang phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc 29.3.2-1
vi h s C gim 10%. nhng tu m hng ha thng xuyn c bc xp bng gu
ngom hoc bng nhng phng tin c gii tng t, chiu dy phi c tng 1 mi-li-mt.
2 M un chng un ca tit din np nm gn vo tm nghing ca di phi khng
nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc 29.3.3-1 vi h s C c gim 10%. Nu c gn
np ng th m un chng un ca tit din np ng phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo
yu cu 29.3.3-2.
3 Sng ca di phi c t v tr tng ng vi sng chnh v sng ph ca y
i. Kch thc ca sng phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo yu cu 29.3.4.
4 Nu khoang c thit k cha nc dn, du hng hoc hng nng th cc sng quy
nh -3 phi c bn chng ct, th d phi t tm ngn.
5 i vi cc vch ngang dng sng c gn thng ng cc tu kiu BC-A, BC-B hoc
BC-C v cc tu c thit k bc xp hng nhiu cng, trn trn ca vch phi
tha mn cc quy nh ca ng kim.
6 Kch thc c cu ca trn v di ca vch ngang phi khng nh hn kch thc
xc nh theo Chng 11.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

434
29.6 Sn khoang
29.6.1 Sn khoang
1 M un chng un (Z) ca tit din sn khoang vng t 0,15 L tnh t mi tu n
vch ui phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y:
Z =CShl
2
(cm
3
)
Trong :
S : Khong cch sn (m).
h : Khong cch thng ng t im
d + 0,038 L cao hn mt tn
gia y n nh ca kt hng
o mn (m).
L: Chiu di tu (m). Tuy nhin,
nu L ln hn 230 mt th ly
L bng 230 mt (xem Hnh
2A/29.2).
l : Khong cch t nh ca kt hng
o mn n y ca kt nh
mn (m).
C : H s tnh theo cc cng thc sau y:
1 2
1
2 1
1
1
C C C
l
C 3,3 2,5
h
d
C (25,7 44,5)
h
l
l
= +
=
= + o
=

l
1
: Khong cch thng ng t trung im ca chiu cao tit din sng chnh n
nh ca kt hng o mn (m) (xem Hnh 2A/29.2).
o : H s cho Bng 2A/29.12. Vi cc tr s trung gian ca B/l
H
, tr s o c tnh
theo php ni suy tuyn tnh. Vi cc khng gian trng khi tu ti, tr s ca o
bng 1,8 tr s xc nh theo bng.
l
H
: Nh quy nh 29.2.1-4.
Bng 2A/29.12 H s
B/l
h
s 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 > 1,8
o 0,0288 0,0207 0,0144 0,0099 0,0069 0,0048 0,003
4
0,0025

2 M un chng un ca tit din sn khoang vng t 0,15 L tnh t mi tu n vch
mi phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc -1, vi h s 1,25 C thay th cho C.
3 gn cc lin kt nh v chn sn khoang chiu dy ca bn thnh phi m bo
chu ct.
4 i vi nhng tu c chiu di L
1
<190 mt c th dng thp thng tit din khng i
Hnh 2A/29.2 Xc nh l, l
1

l
1

0
d
2

l

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

435
xng lm sn khoang. Trong L
1
nh quy nh ti 29.1.4-2.
5 i vi nhng tu khc vi cc tu nu -4, cc sn khoang khoang gn mi nht c
tit din khng i xng phi c t m gia cng.
6 T l gia chiu cao v chiu dy ca bn thnh sn khoang khng c vt qu tr s sau:
60 i vi sn khoang c bn mp i xng
50 i vi sn khoang c bn mp khng i xng
7 i vi cc sn khoang c tit din khng i xng hoc sn khoang c mp b, chiu
rng mp khng i xng khng c ln hn 10 ln chiu dy mp b.
8 Vi nhng khoang cha hng c bit nng phi tng kch thc ca sn khoang so vi
quy nh -1 v -2.
29.6.2 Lin kt nh v chn sn
1 nh v chn ca sn khoang phi c lin kt vi kt nh mn v kt hng bng m.
Trong vng kt nh mn v kt hng, tnh lin tc ca c cu c lin kt nh v chn ca
sn khoang phi c m bo bng lin kt m. Chn m lin kt sn vi tm mi kt
hng v tm nghing ca kt nh mn phi trng vi cc chn m lin kt trong kt;
2 Cc m lin kt kt nh mn v kt hng ni - 1 phi c gia cng chng vn.
3 Kch thc ca cc c cu dc mn v np dc tm nghing ca cc kt nh mn v
tm nghing ca cc kt hng cc m lin kt trong kt nh mn v kt hng ni - 1
phi ph hp vi quy nh 29.3.3-1, 29.3.3-3, 29.4.3-1 v 29.4.5-1. Tuy nhin khi p
dng nhng quy nh ny, l trong cng thc c ly l khong cch tnh bng mt gia
cc bn thnh theo phng ngang khng k ti vic b tr cc m lin kt.
4 Nhng tu c chiu di khng ln hn 190 m, sn khoang phi c ch to vi cc m
mt lin tm. Trong trng hp , chiu di tu l L
1
(m) c xc nh nh 29.1.4-2.
5 Chiu dy ca cc m mt (chn v nh) ca sn khoang phi khng nh hn chiu dy
thc ca bn thnh sn khoang gn vi chnh cc m mt .
6 M un chng un tit din ca sn khoang v m hoc m lin tm, lin kt vi tm v,
v tr tit din Z
BKT
nh m t Hnh 2A/29.3 phi khng c nh hn 2 ln m un
chng un tit din yu cu 29.6.1-1 v -2.
7 Kch thc ca cc m mt (chn v nh) ca sn khoang phi ph hp nhng yu cu
sau y:
(1) cao theo phng thng ng ca m (l
BKT
) t im mt R ca m chn n giao
im ca tm v mn vi tm mi kt hng v t im mt R ca m nh n giao
im ca tm v mn vi tm vch nghing ca kt nh mn phi khng nh hn tr
s tnh theo cng thc sau y (xem Hnh 2A/29.4):
l
BKT
=0,125l (m)
Trong : l Nh quy nh 29.6.1-1.
(2) cao theo phng ngang ca m (d
BKT
) ng nm ngang i qua giao im ca tm
v mn vi tm mi kt hng v giao im ca tm v mn vi tm vch nghing ca kt
nh mn phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau (xem Hnh 2A/29.4):
d
BKT
=1,5d
WEB
(m)
Trong , d
WEB
: Chiu cao bn thnh ca sn khoang gn vi m ang xt (m)
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

436
8 i vi cc sn khoang c m mt lin tm, bn mp ca sn khoang phi ln u
(khng c gp khc) ti ch ni vi cc m mt. Bn knh ln R phi khng nh hn
tr s sau y (xem Hnh 2A/29.3):
2
f
f
0,4b
R
t
= (mm)
Trong :
b
f
: Chiu rng bn mp m (mm)
t
f
: Chiu dy bn mp m (mm)
29.6.3 Hn sn khoang
1 Mi hn lin kt sn khoang v cc m vi tm v mn, cc kt nh mn v kt hng,
bn thnh vi bn mp sn khoang phi l mi hn gc lin tc hai pha. Chiu dy ch
tht phi ln hn tr s xc nh theo cng thc sau, ph thuc vo v tr ca vng hn:
(1) i vi nhng vng lin kt cc m mt vi tm mi kt hng v tm vch nghing
ca kt nh mn v vng trong phm vi 0,25 l tnh t mi mt ca l (xem vng A
Hnh 2A/29.3)
S =0,44t (mm)
(2) i vi vng 0,5l gia l (xem vng B Hnh 2A/29.3)
S =0,40t (mm)
Trong :
l : Nh quy nh 29.6.1-1.
t : Chiu dy nh hn trong hai thnh phn lin kt.
2 Nu hnh dng thn tu khng cho php hn mi hn gc theo quy nh th c th yu cu
chun b mp ca bn thnh sn khoang v m sao cho m bo cht lng hn
tng t nh mi hn lin kt yu cu -1.
29.7 Tn boong, tn bao v cc tm khc
29.7.1 Tn boong ngoi ng ming khot
Din tch tit din tn boong ngoi ng ming khot, trong trng hp c kt nh
mn, phi c xc nh c xt n s lin tc v bn dc.
29.7.2 Tn boong trong ng ming khot
1 Thnh ngang ming khoang phi trng vi v tr sng ngang trong kt nh mn. Nu
khng t trng c, phi quan tm n s lin tc v bn ca mi ni thnh ngang
ming khoang vi kt nh mn.
2 Tn boong trong ng ming khot nn c gn x ngang boong. Nu dng x dc
boong th phi c bit quan tm n n nh ca tm.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

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3 Phi xem xt c bit i vi tn boong nm trong vng l khot, thm ch nu boong t
h thng khung ngang, th phi tnh n chng vn trong trng hp ch hng c t trng
ln nh qung.
29.7.3 Tn y
Chiu dy tn y ca khoang hng trong vng c y i phi khng nh hn tr s tnh
theo cng thc 14.3.4 hoc theo cng thc th nht ca 29.2.4-1, ly tr s no ln hn.
Tuy nhin, khi p dng cng thc th nht ca 29.2.4-1, o phi c tnh theo cng thc:
Hnh 2A/29.3 Sn khoang v cc m mt
d
BKT
> 1,5d
WEB

d
WEB
l
l
B
K
T

>

0
,
1
2
5
l

Hnh 2A/29.4 Kch thc ca m mt

Tit din Z
BKT

Tit din Z
BKT

V
n
g

B

R
0
,
2
5
l

V
n
g

A

0
,
2
5
l

R
V
n
g

A

l

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

438
o =
B
13,8
24 15,5f

Trong :
f
B
: Nh c quy nh 29.2.4-1.
29.7.4 Thot nc mt boong
1 Theo quy nh, mi bn mn tu phi c mt ming ng ht nc hng mt sau ca
mi khoang.
2 H t nc hng phi c t v tr thch hp sao cho bo v c tm np khi s va
p trc tip ca hng ri, v phi c hp cn hoc phng tin khc cho ng ng
ht khng b ng cn.
3 Nu ng ng ht nc hng i qua y i hoc kt hng th phi c van mt chiu
hoc van chn c th ng c t mt v tr d tip cn, t ming ng ng.
4 ng x t cc kt nh mn phi tha mn cc yu cu 13.4.1-4 v 13.4.1-5 ca Phn 3.
29.7.5 Tu chuyn ch than
Vi nhng tu dng chuyn ch than phi quan tm n nhng vn sau y:
(1) Kt cu gia cc khoang hng v cc ngn khc phi l kn kh.
(2) Cc ca chnh chi nn c t ngoi thng tng v lu.
(3) H thng thng gi ca khoang hng phi c t phn l.
29.8 Nhng quy nh b sung chuyn ch hng lng trong khoang
29.8.1 Quy nh chung
1 Tu hng ri c khoang cha du (t sau y c gi l Tu B/O) phi tha mn cc
yu cu ca Chng ny v cc yu cu i vi tu du.
2 Nhng yu cu quan trng khc i vi Tu B/O, ngoi nhng yu cu quy nh 29.8,
phi c tha thun vi ng kim.
29.8.2 Khoang cha vi du hng
Nu c khoang cha vi du hng th phi quan tm c bit trnh s cng hng ca
chu k dao ng t nhin ca cht lng trong khoang vi chu k dao ng lc t nhin v
chi t nhin ca tu. Nu khng th trnh c s cng hng th tn, np v sng
ca vch ngang v kt nh mn phi c gia cng c bit.
29.9 Np thp kn thi tit
29.9.1 Quy nh chung
Np thp kn thi tit phi tho mn cc yu cu Chng 18.
29.10 Nhng yu cu b sung i vi tu hng ri ng mi
29.10.1 Quy nh chung
1 Phm vi p dng
(1) Chng ny p dng cho cc tu hng ri nh ngha -2(1);
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

439
(2) Tr khi c yu cu ring mc ny, cc yu cu Chng 28 v cc mc trn v cc
yu cu chung i vi kt cu v trang thit b ca tu v thp phi c p dng.
2 nh ngha
Cc thut ng trong Chng ny c nh ngha nh sau:
(1) Tu hng ri ngha l tu d nh ngay t u ch x hng kh, bao gm c cc
loi nh tu ch qung v ch hn hp
(2) Tu hng ri kt cu mn n ngha l cc tu nh nh ngha (1) khng phi l
tu mn kp nh ngha (3)
(3) Tu hng ri kt cu mn kp ngha l cc tu nh nh ngha (1) trong tt c
cc khoang hng c bao bc bi mn kp nh nh ngha (4).
(4) Mn kp ngha l loi hnh trong mi mn tu c kt cu bi mn ngoi v
vch dc ni vi y trn v boong. Cc kt hng v kt nh mn, nu c, th phi l
phn lin khi ca mn kp.
(5) Hng kh th rn ngha l bt k vt liu no tr cht lng v cht kh, gm c tp
hp ca cc mu, ht nh hoc bt k ming ln no ca vt liu, nhn chung l tp
hp hnh dng ging nhau, m nhn trc tip vo cc khoang hng ca tu khng c
mt dng bao gi trung gian no c.
(6) "T trng hng ri" hoc "T trng hng" (t/m
3
) l t s gia khi lng hng c
ch v th tch dng cha hng k c cc khng gian trng trong phm vi cha
hng ri, ngoi tr t trng hng nh ngha 29.2.1-3.
(7) "H s ngp nc" ca mt khoang l t s gia th tch trong phm vi khoang m
nc c th chim ch vi tng th tch ca khoang ang xt. Trong Chng ny, tr
s nu trong Bng 2A./29.16 c th c dng nh mt tiu chun ph thuc vo loi
hng. Vi nhng loi hng khc vi loi hng nu trong Bng, tr s "H s ngp
nc" phi c chn vi s chp thun ca ng kim.
Bng 2A/29.16 H s ngp nc
Loi hng ha H s ngp nc
Qung st 0,30
Xi mng 0,30
Than 0,30
Khoang trng 0,95

(8) "Gc nghing tnh" l gc nghing ln nht gia mt phng nm ngang v vch
nghing hng ri chy t do. Trong Chng ny, tr s nu trong Bng
2A/29.17 c th c dng nh mt tiu chun ph thuc vo loi hng, vi nhng
loi hng khc vi loi hng nu trong Bng, tr s cho php phi c chn vi s
chp thun ca ng kim.
Bng 2A/29.17 Gc nghing tnh
Loi hng Gc nghing tnh
Qung st 35
o

Xi mng 25
o

Than 35
o

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

440
29.10.2 Vch ngang kn nc trong khoang hng
1 Quy nh chung
(1) Cc yu cu trong mc ny c p dng cho cc vch sng thng ng trong
khoang hng ca tu hng ri nu (a) hoc (b) di y, c chiu di L
f
t 150m tr
ln c thit k ch cc hng ri th rn c t trng t 1 (t/m
3
) tr ln.
(a) Cc tu hng ri kt cu mn n
(b) Cc tu hng ri kt cu mn kp m trong bt k phn no ca ca vch dc
u t trong phm vi B/5 hoc 11,5 mt, ly gi tr nh hn, v pha trong ca
mn tu theo phng vung gc vi tm tu o trn ng nc ch hng ma
h n nh.
(2) phn ny, trng thi ti trng ng nht c ngha l t s gia t l in y cao
nht v thp nht, nh gi cho tng khoang c hiu chnh vi cc t trng hng
khc nhau, khng vt qu 1,20.
(3) Ti trng tnh ton vch bao gm ti trng hng v ti trng do nc ngp, ph thuc
vo cc trng thi ti trng sau y dc quy nh trong hng dn xp ti:
(a) Trng thi ti trng ng nht
(b) Trng thi ti trng khng ng nht
Ngoi ra, trong bt k trng hp no, p lc do ch c nc ngp phi c a
vo tnh ton. Khng cn p dng nhng yu cu ca phn ny i vi trng
hp ti trng ng nht nhng do qu trnh bc xp hng ha gy nn tnh trng
khng ng nht cc b.
(4) Cc khoang cha hng ng gi nh sn phm thp thng phi c coi nh l
hm rng tnh ton kch thc ca vch.
(5) Chiu dy ca vch khng k hao mn han g (sau y gi tt l chiu dy nguyn
bn) t
net
, phi c dng tnh ton kch thc ca vch. Kch thc thc ca vch
phi bng t
net
cng vi hao mn han g, nhng khng nh hn 3,5 mi-li-mt.
(6) Tr khi tu ch d nh chuyn ch ( trng thi ti trng ng nht) qung st hoc
hng ha c t trng khng nh hn 1,78 (t/m
3
), khi lng ln nht ca hng ha
m khoang c th cha phi c coi l cht y khoang n mc boong cao nht ti
tm tu.
(7) i vi cc tu c chiu di (L
1
) khng nh hn 190 mt, cc vch ny phi c gn
trn v di. i vi cc tu khc vi cc tu ni trn, vch sng c th ko t
y n boong, L
1
l chiu di ca tu xc nh nh 29.1.4-2.
2 M hnh ti trng
(1) Ct p ngp nc hf (m) l khong cch o theo phng thng ng khi tu v tr
thng ng, t v tr tnh ton n mc bng khong cch d
f
(m) tnh t ng c bn
(xem Hnh 2A/29.5)
(a) Trng hp chung:
(i) D (m) i vi cc vch sau ca hm hng gn mi nht
(ii) 0,9 D (m) i vi cc vch khc.
Nu tu ch loi hng c t trng hng nh hn 1,78 (t/m
3
) trng thi ti trng
khng ng nht, c th ly cc gi tr sau:
(i) 0,95 D (m) i vi cc vch sau ca hm hng gn mi nht
(b) i vi cc tu di 50.000 tn trng ti c th ly cc gi tr sau:
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

441
Nu tu ch loi hng c t trng hng nh hn 1,78 (t/m
3
) trng thi ti trng
khng ng nht, c th ly cc gi tr sau:

(2) hm cha hng khng b ngp, p sut v lc tc ng ln vch ti im ang xt
trong tnh trng b ngp phi c tnh theo (a) hoc (b) di y:
(a) Ti mi im ca vch, p sut P
c
c tnh nh sau:
P
c
=
c
gh
1
tg
2
(kN)
Trong :
c
: T trng hng ri (t/m
3
)
g : Gia tc trng trng, g = 9,81 (m/s
2
)
h
1
: Khong cch thng ng t im tnh ton n mt phng nm ngang
lin quan n cao xp hng, ti khong cch d
1
(m) tnh t ng c
bn (xem Hnh 2A/29.9)
=45
o
- |/2
u : Gc nghing tnh nu 29.10.1-2(h)
(b) Lc tc ng ln gn sng c tnh nh sau:
2
2 1 DB LS
c c 1
(d h h )
F gs tan
2

= (kN)
Trong :
c
, g, d
1
, : Nh quy nh (a)
S
1
: Khong cch ca gn sng (xem Hnh 2A/29.6a)
h
DB
: Chiu cao ca y i (m)
h
LS
: Chiu cao thanh p chn tnh t y i (m)
D

d
1

d
f

d
1

V : Th tch hng ha
P : im tnh ton
Hnh 2A/29.5 M hnh ti trng
P
h
f
h
1

V
h
1

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

442

(3) hm cha hng, p sut v lc tc ng (ti im ang xt) ln vch trong tnh
trng b ngp phi c xc nh theo (1) v (2), ph hp vi quan h gia ct p
ngp nc d
f
v chiu cao xp hng d
1
c tnh theo (1) v (2) ni trn.
(a) Nu d
f
>d
1

(i) Ti mi im ca vch ti khong cch gia d
f
v d
1
tnh t ng c bn, p
sut P
cf
c tnh nh sau:
P
cf
=gh
f
(kN/m
2
)
Trong :
: T trng nc bin, =1,025 (t/m
3
)
g : Nh quy nh -2 trn
h
f
: Nh quy nh -1 trn
(ii) Ti mi im ca vch khong cch nm di d
1
, tnh t ng c bn, p
sut P
cf
c tnh nh sau:
n =Trc trung ha ca gn sng
l
n
n
C
L
l
Hnh 2A/29.6a Khong cch S
S

t
f

c
t
Web
a
| > 55
o

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

443
( )
2
cf f c erm 1
P gh 1 p gh tg ( = +

(kN/m
2
)
Trong :
: Nh (i) trn
h
f
: Nh (1) trn
c
, g, h
1
, : Nh (2) trn
p
erm
: H s ngp nc nh quy nh 29.10.1-2(g)
(iii) Lc tc ng ln np sng c tnh nh sau:
( )
2
f 1 c,f le f 1
c.f 1 1 DB LS
g(d d) (p ) (d d)
F S g d h h
2 2
+ (
= +
(

(kN)
Trong :
: Nh (i) trn
S
1
, g, d
1
, h
DB
, h
LS
: Nh nu (2) trn
d
f
: Nh quy nh (1) trn
(p
c,f
)
le
: p sut ti chn ca gn sng (kN/m
2
).
(b) Nu d
f
<d
1

(i) Ti mi im ca vch khong cch gia d
f
v d
1
tnh t ng c bn, p
sut p
cf
c tnh nh sau:
p
cf
=
c
gh
1
tg
2
(kN/m
2
)
Trong :
c
, g, h
1
v : Ly nh nu (2) trn
(ii) Ti mi im ca vch khong cch nm di d
1
tnh t ng chun, p
sut p
cf
c tnh nh sau:
p
cf
=gh
f
+[
c
h
1
- (1- p
erm
) h
f
] gtg
2
(kN/m
2
)
Trong :
v p
erm
: Ly nh (a) trn
h
f
: Ly nh nu (1) ni trn
c
, g, h
1
v : Ly nh nu (2) trn
(iii) Lc F
c,f
tc ng ln sng c tnh nh sau:
( )
2 2
2 c 1 f c,f le 1 f
c,f 1 c f DB LS
g(d d )tan (p ) (d d)
F S g tan d h h
2 2
( +
= +
(

(kN)
Trong :
S
1
,
c
, g, d
1
, h
DB
, h
LS
: Ly nh (2) trn
d
f
: Ly nh (1) trn
(p
c,f
)
le
: Ly nh (a) trn
(4) cc hm khng hng, p sut v lc ti im ang xt tc ng ln vch trong tnh
trng b ngp c xc nh theo (a) v (b) di y:
(a) Ti mi im ca vch, p sut thy tnh p
f
do b ngp nc l ct p ngp nc
h
f
tnh theo -1 trn.
(b) Lc F
f
tc dng ln gn sng c tnh nh sau:
2
f DB LS
f 1
(d h h )
F S g
2

= (kN)
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

444
Trong :
S
1
, g, h
DB
, h
LS
: Ly nh (2) trn
: Ly nh (3) trn
d
f
: Ly nh (1) trn.
(5) p sut v lc tng hp p v F ti mi im ca vch c dng kim tra quy cch
ca vch c tnh ton theo p sut v lc t (3) n (5) ni trn ph hp vi cc
trng thi ti trng, c tnh theo cng thc sau:
(a) Ti trng ng nht
P =P
cf
- 0,8P
c
(kN/m
2
)
F =F
cf
- 0,8F
c
(kN)
(b) Ti trng khng ng nht
P =P
cf
(kN/m
2
)
F =F
cf
(kN)
3 M men un v lc ct vch sng
(1) M men un thit k M i vi vch sng c tnh theo cng thc sau:
Fl
M
8
= (kN. m)
Trong :
F : Nh tnh ton 29.10.2-2(5)
l : Nhp ca np sng, ly nh Hnh 2A/29.6a v -b (m).
(2) Lc ct Q ti chn ca vch sng c tnh theo cng thc sau:
Q =0,8 F (kN)
F : Nh tnh 29.10.2-2(5).
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

445

4 Tiu chun bn
(1) M un chng un tit din ti chn gn sng c tnh ton vi nhng lu sau:
(a) Chiu rng tm mt ca gn sng chu nn dng tnh ton m un chng un
tit din khng c vt qu chiu rng hu hiu b
cf
xc nh theo cng thc
sau:
b
cf
=C
e
a (m)
Trong :
C
e
:
2
2,25 1,25
| |
Nu | >1,25
1,0 Nu | s 1,25
3 F
f
a
10
t E
o
| =
t
f
: Chiu dy c bn ca tm mp (mm)
a : Chiu rng tm mt ca gn sng (m) (Xem Hnh 2A/29.6a)
o
F
: Gii hn chy quy c ca vt liu (N/mm
2
)
E : M un n hi ca vt liu, E = 2,0610
5
(N/mm
2
)
l : Nhp ca gn sng
Nu t trn vch th mt trn ca l c th l
y ca trn ca vch. Tuy nhin, khong cch
t mt trn ca l n boong trn ng tm tu
(l) phi khng ln hn cc tr s sau y:
(a) Ni chung bng 3 ln chiu cao ca cc gn
sng
(b) 2 ln chiu cao gn sng i vi vch hnh
ch nht.
(l)
Hnh 2A/29.6b Nhp gn sng
l l l
l l
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

446
(b) Trong trng hp nu bn thnh ca np sng khng c bng m pha
di thanh p (hoc pha di y trong) vng thp hn, th m un chng un
tit din ca np sng phi c tnh vi 30% bn thnh np sng hu ch.
(c) Khi tnh ton m un chng un tit din ca gn sng (tit din ngang (l) Hnh
2A/29.7a v -b), din tch tit din tm mp c th tng ln mt lng A tnh theo
cng thc sau, nhng khng c ln hn 2,5 at
f
nu t cc shedder hu hiu
(xem Hnh 2A/29.7a v -b) nh 29.10.2-5(5).
f Sh
A 2,5a t t = (cm
2
)
Trong :
a : Chiu rng tm mt ca gn sng (m) (xem Hnh 2A/29.6a)
t
Sh
: Chiu dy c bn ca tm gia cng nghing (mm)
t
f
: Chiu dy c bn ca ca tm mt ca gn sng (mm)

(d) Khi tnh m un chng un ca gn sng (tit din ngang (l) Hnh 2A/29.8a
v -b), din tch tm mp c th tng ln mt lng A tnh theo cng thc sau,
nu t cc tm gia cng ng hu hiu nh 29.10.2-5(6) (xem Hnh
2A/29.8a v -b).
A =7 h
g
t
f
(cm
2
)
Trong :
h
g
: Chiu cao tm gia cng ng, khng c ly ln hn 10S
gu
/7 (m)
(xem Hnh 2A/29.8a v -b)
S
gu
: Chiu rng ca tm gia cng ng (m)
t
f
: Chiu dy c bn ca tm mt (mm)
(e) Nu tm thnh ca gn sng c hn vi tm nc nghing vi gc khng nh
hn 45
o
so vi phng nm ngang ca vch, th m un chng un tit din
ca gn sng c th c tnh vi c chiu rng tm mt ca gn sng. Nu gc
ny nh hn 45
o
, th tm thnh ch c ly bng gi tr ni suy ca cc gi tr sau
(xem Hnh 2A/29.8b):
Tm gia cng
nghing
h
g

(l)
di
ca vch
Hnh 2A/29.7a Tm gia cng
nghing
Tm gia cng
nghing
h
g

(l)
di
ca vch
Hnh 2A/29.7b Tm gia cng
nghing
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

447
(i) 0
o
: 30% din tch tit din tm thnh
(ii) 45
o
: 100% din tch tm thnh (xem Hnh 2A/29.8b)
Trng hp c t cc tm gia cng ng hu hiu, khi tnh m un chng un
tit din ca gn sng, din tch tit din tm mp c th c tng ln nh (d)
nu trn, c th khng p dng i vi trng hp ch c tm gia cng nghing.

(2) Nu t tm gia cng ng hoc tm gia cng nghing hu hiu nh 29.10.2-
5(5) v (6) (xem Hnh 2A/29.8a v -b) th m un chng un tit din ca gn sng ti
chn Z
le
khng cn phi ln hn Z'
le
2
g g 1 g ' 3
le g
a
Qh 0,5h S p
Z Z 10
= +
o
(cm
3
)
Trong :
Tm gia cng
ng
h
g

(l)
di
ca vch
Hnh 2A/29.8a Tm gia cng ng
Hnh 2A/29.8b Tm gia cng ng
Tm gia
cng ng
h
g

(l)
di
ca vch
Tm gia
cng ng
di
ca vch
(l)
h
g

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

448
Z
g
: M un chng un tit din ca gn sng ph hp vi (3) mt trn ca tm
gia cng nghing hoc tm gia cng ng (cm
3
)
Q : Lc ct (kN) c cho 29.10.2-3(2)
h
g
: Chiu cao (m) ca tm gia cng nghing hoc tm gia cng ng (xem
Hnh 2A/29.7a, -b v Hnh 2A/29.8a, -b)
S
1
: Nh c cho 29.10.2-3(2)
p
g
: p sut tng hp (kN/m
2
) tnh theo 29.10.2-2(5) vng gia tm gia cng
nghing hoc tm gia cng ng
o
a
: Gii hn chy ca vt liu (N/mm
2
)
(3) M un chng tit din ca gn sng ti tit din ngang khc vi tit din mt di
nh (1) v (2) phi c tnh vi tm thnh ca gn sng c coi l hu hiu v
tm mt chu nn vi chiu rng mp km l b
ef
khng ln hn tr s cho (1) trn.
(4) Kh nng chu un ca gn sng phi tha mn iu kin sau:
3
le a,le m a,m
M
10 0,95
0,5Z Z
s
o + o

Trong :
M : M men un (kN.m) cho 29.10.2-3(1)
Z
le
: M un chng un tit din gn sng ti chn vch (cm
3
) tnh nh (1)
Z
m
: M un chng un tit din ti gia nhp ca np sng (cm
3
) tnh nh (3)
Trong mi trng hp Z
m
phi khng ln hn 1,15 Z
le

o
a,le
2
) dng cho phn di ca gn sng
o
a,m
2
) dng cho phn gia nhp ca gn sng
(5) ng sut ct ca gn sng phi tha mn iu kin sau:
t
a
3
w
Q 10
A sin
>
(N/mm
2
)
Trong :
t
a
: 0,5 o
F
(N/mm
2
)
o
F
: Gii hn chy (N/mm
2
) ca vt liu
Q : Lc ct (kN) xc nh theo 29.10.2-3(2)
A
w
: Din tch tit din tm thnh ca gn sng (mm
2
)
: Gc gia tm thnh v tm mt ca gn sng ().
(6) bn n nh ca gn sng phi t c iu kin trong cng thc sau sao cho
ng sut ct t ca cc tm thnh ti cc mt ca gn sng khng vt qu tr s ti
hn t
c
xc nh nh sau:
t
c
=t
E
Khi t
c
s t
F
/2 (N/mm
2
)
t
c
=t
F
(1- t
F
/4t
E
) Khi t
c
>t
F
/2 (N/mm
2
)
Trong :
t
F
=o
F
/ 3 (N/mm
2
)
o
F
2
)
t
E
:
2
t
t
0,9kE
1000c
| |
|
\ .
(N/mm
2
)
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

449
k
t
: H s vt liu, nh quy nh 1.1.7
E : M un n hi ca vt liu, E = 2,06.10
5
(N/mm
2
)
t : Chiu dy c bn ca tm thnh ca gn sng (mm)
c : Chiu rng ca tm thnh gn sng (xem Hnh 2A/29.6a)
(7) Chiu dy c bn ca tn gn sng (t) c tnh nh sau:
w
F
1,05p
t 14,9S =
o
(mm)
Trong :
S
w
: Chiu rng tn c ly bng chiu rng ln hn trong chiu rng tm mt
v chiu rng tm thnh (m) (xem Hnh 2A/29.6a)
p : p sut tng hp mi chn gii tn vch (kN/m
2
) tnh theo 29.10.2-2(5).
Trong mi trng hp chiu dy c bn ca di thp nht c xc nh
khi ly p sut tng hp ti nh ca thanh p di, hoc ti nh ca tm
gia cng hay tm m nu t tm gia cng hay tm m;
o
F
2
).
i vi cc vch sng hn, m chiu dy ca tm mt v tm thnh khc nhau, chiu
dy ca tm hp hn phi khng nh hn t
n
n n
F
1,05p
t 14,9S =
o
(mm)
Trong :
S
n
: Chiu rng ca tm hp hn (m).
Chiu dy c bn ca tm rng hn t
w
phi khng nh hn t
w1
v t
w2
tnh theo cc
cng thc sau y:
w1 w
F
1,05p
t 14,9S =
o
(mm)
2
2 w
w2 np
F
440S .1,05
t t =
o
(mm)
t
np
: Tr s ny khng ln hn chiu dy c bn ca tm hp hn v t
w1
(mm)
5 Cc chi tit kt cu
(1) Gc gp | xem Hnh 2A/29.6a phi khng nh hn 55
o
.
(2) Chiu dy ca phn di ca gn sng c tnh theo 29.10.2-4(1), (2), (4) v (5)
phi c duy tr trn mt khong khng nh hn 0,15 l tnh t y trn (nu khng c
vch) hoc nc ca di ca vch.
(3) Chiu dy ca phn gia ca gn sng tnh theo 29.10.2-4(3), (4) v (5) phi c
duy tr trn mt khong khng nh hn 0,30 l tnh t boong (nu khng c vch)
hoc y ca trn ca vch.
(4) M un chng un ca gn sng phn trn ca vch ngoi phn quy nh (2) v
(3) phi khng nh hn 75% tr s yu cu i vi vng gia vch quy nh (3) v
phi c hiu chnh trong trng hp vt liu c gii hn chy khc nhau.
(5) Trong trng hp t tm gia cng nghing th chiu dy ca tm gia cng
nghing phi ph hp vi nhng quy nh sau m bo tc dng hu hiu:
(a) Khng c b gc
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

450
(b) Phi hn vi gn sng v tm nc ca di bng mi hn mt pha ngu hon
ton hoc tng ng
(c) Tm phi c nghing ti thiu bng 45
o
v mp di ca tm gia cng
nghing phi trng v tr vi tm bn ca vch
(d) Tm phi c chiu dy khng nh hn 75% chiu dy ca tm mt ca gn sng
v vt liu ca tm gia cng nghing ti thiu phi tng ng vi vt liu tm
mt
(6) Trong trng hp t tm gia cng ng th tm gia cng ng phi ph hp vi
nhng quy nh sau m bo tc dng hu hiu:
(a) Phi t kt hp vi tm gia cng nghing ph hp vi yu cu (5) trn.
(b) Phi c chiu cao khng nh hn 1/2 chiu rng tm mt ca gn sng.
(c) Phi t trng v tr vi tm bn ca vch.
(d) Vt liu tm ti thiu phi tng ng vi vt liu tm mt ca gn sng.
(e) Phi c hn vi tm nc ca di ca vch bng ng hn ngu hon
ton hoc ng hn ngu su (xem Hnh 2A/29.10) v hn vi gn sng v tm
gia cng nghing bng ng hn mt pha ngu hon ton hoc tng ng.
(7) Nu t di cho vch th b tr v kt cu phi ph hp vi nhng quy nh sau
y. i vi cc tu c chiu di L
1
nh hn 190 mt th cc quy nh (1) v (6) di
y c coi l tiu chun.
(a) Chiu cao ca di, ni chung phi khng nh hn 3 ln chiu cao tit din
ca gn sng.
(b) Chiu dy v vt liu lm di phi khng nh hn chiu dy yu cu i vi
tn vch ti mt di ca gn sng 29.10.2-4.
(c) Chiu dy v vt liu lm phn trn ca tm bn nghing ca vch vi chiu
cao chiu cao bng chiu rng tm mt ca gn sng tnh t nc ca vch
phi khng nh hn chiu dy yu cu i vi tn vch mt di ca gn sng
quy nh 29.10.2-4.
(d) Cc mt ca np ng ca tm bn ca vch phi lin kt vi cc m u
trn v u di ca ca vch.
(e) Khong cch t mp ca tm nc ca vch n mt pha ngoi ca tm mt
ca gn sng phi khng nh hn chiu dy tm mt (xem Hnh 2A/29.9).
(f) Chn vch phi t trng v tr vi ngang di y i v phi c chiu rng
khng nh hn 2,5 ln chiu cao trung bnh ca gn sng.
(g) vch phi c cc tm ngn t trng v tr vi sng dc di y i
hu hiu vch sng.
(h) Phi trnh khot l hn cc m v tm ngn ch c mi ni vi tm nc ca
vch.
(i) Cc tm mt v tm thnh ca tn vch sng phi c lin kt vi tm nc ca
vch bng ng hn ngu hon ton. Tm cnh ca vch phi c lin
kt vi tm nc ca vch v tn y trn bng ng hn ngu hon ton
hoc ng hn ngu su (xem Hnh 2A/29.10). Cc ngang bn di phi
c lin kt vi tn y trn bng ng hn ngu hon ton hoc ng hn
ngu su (xem Hnh 2A/29.10).

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

451

(8) Nu vch c t trn th kt cu v vic b tr phi ph vi nhng quy nh sau
y. i vi cc tu c chiu di (L
1
) nh hn 190 mt th cc quy nh (a) v (d) l
tiu chun.
(a) Nu t trn th trn phi c chiu cao bng khong 2 n 3 ln chiu cao
ca gn sng. Cc trn hnh ch nht phi c chiu cao bng 2 ln chiu cao
ca gn sng, o t boong ti sng dc ming khoang hng.
(b) trn phi c thch hp bi cc sng dc hoc m ln gia cc x ngang
u ming khoang hng k cn.
(c) Chiu rng ca tm y trn ca vch, ni chung, phi bng chiu rng ca
tm nc ca di ca vch.
(d) Nc ca cc trn ca vch khng c dng hnh ch nht phi c chiu rng
khng nh hn 2 ln chiu cao tit din ca gn sng.
(e) Chiu dy v vt liu tm y ca vch phi nh chiu dy v vt liu yu cu
i vi tn vch sng pha di.
(f) Chiu dy ca phn di ca tm cnh ca phi khng nh hn 80% tr s yu
cu i vi phn trn ca tn vch nu s dng cng loi vt liu.
(g) Cc mt np ca tm cnh ca phi c lin kt vi cc m ti u trn v
Hnh 2A/29.10 Yu cu i vi mi hn
o
T
f
o
f =3mm~T/3mm
Gc vt mp (o) : 40
o
~60
o

o
T
f
d
t
f

Tm mt
gn sng
Tm nc
ca vch
t
f
: Chiu dy tm mt khi
ng mi
Hnh 2A/29.9 Khong cch quy nh
d t
f

d
d
t
f

t
f

Tm nc
ca vch
Tm mt
gn sng
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

452
u di ca .
(h) Phi t cc tm ngn bn trong cng v tr v lin kt hu hiu vi cc
sng dc boong ko n cc sng ngang u ming khoang hu hiu vch
sng.
(i) Trnh khot cc l hn cc m v cc tm ngn trong vng lin kt vi tm y
ca vch.
(9) Nu khng t vch th phi tun th cc quy nh sau:
(a) Ti boong, khng c trn phi t 2 x ngang gia cng trng v tr vi tm mt
ca gn sng, chiu dy v vt liu ca x ngang khng c nh hn yu cu
i vi tn vch ti mt trn ca gn sng v chiu cao tit din ca x ngang
phi khng nh hn 1/2 chiu cao ca gn sng.
(b) Ti y khng c di, tm mt ca gn sng phi trng v tr vi ngang
bn di. Tm mt v tm thnh ca tn vch sng phi lin kt vi tn y trn
bng ng hn ngu hon ton hoc ng hn ngu su (xem Hnh 2A/29.10).
Chiu dy v vt liu lm ngang di vch ti thiu phi bng yu cu i
vi tm mt ca gn sng.
(c) L hn lin kt cc c cu dc y trn vi cc ngang y i nu (2)
trn phi c bt kn bng cc tm bt (collar plate). Cc ngang di vch
phi lin kt vi nhau bng cc tm chng ct thit k thch hp v c ng
kim chp thun.
(10) Phi t cc c cu thch hp chuyn lc v m men trn vch sng vo cc c
cu bin boong ngang v y i.
6 Chiu dy thay mi i vi tu ang khai thc
Cc bn v kt cu ca vch sng tho mn yu cu -4 phi ch r chiu dy thay mi
(t
renewal
) ca mi c cu tnh theo cng thc sau y thm vo vi chiu dy khi ng tu
(t
as-built
). Nu chiu dy t nguyn tng ln bao gm trong chiu dy khi ng tu th tr s
ny c th thay i nu c ng kim chp nhn.
t
renewal
=t
as-built
- 3,0 (mm)
29.10.3 Ti trng cho php tc dng ln y i
1 Quy nh chung
(1) Cc tu hng ri nu (a) hoc (b) di y, c chiu di L
f
t 150 mt tr ln c
thit k ch x cc hng ri th rn c t trng t 1,0 (t/m
3
) tr ln phi c
bn ca y i chu c ngp bt k khoang hng no tt c cc trng thi
ti trng v trng thi dn theo thit k. Vic nh gi bn ca y i phi ph
hp vi yu cu 29.10.3-3.
t trong phm vi B/5 hoc 11,5 m, ly gi tr nh hn, v pha trong ca mn tu
theo phng vung gc vi tm tu o trn ng nc ch hng ma h n
nh.
2 Cc lu khi nh gi bn
(1) Khi xem xt ti trng ca cc loi hng ha tc dng ln y i ca mt khoang hng
b ngp phi ly t trng hng ln nht ca cc loi hng ha tnh.
(2) Khi tnh ton lc ct, phi dng chiu dy thc t
net
tnh theo cng thc sau y ca
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

453
ngang v sng y tnh:
t
net
=t - 2,5 (mm)
Trong : t l chiu dy (mm) ca ngang v sng y khi ng mi.
(3) Kh nng chu ct ca y i c tnh bng tng bn ct ti mi mt ca cc c
cu sau y:
(a) Tt c cc ngang k vi kt hng, nh hn mt na bn ca hai ngang
k vi hai bn ca vch hoc vch ngang nu khng t vch (xem Hnh
2A/29.11).
(b) Tt c cc sng y k vi cc vch hoc vch ngang nu khng t vch
(xem Hnh 2A/29.11).
(4) Cc sng dc hoc ngang y hai u ca khoang khng c lin kt trc tip
vi vch hoc sng dc y di vch nghing kt hng th ch c nh gi cho
mt u.
(5) Cc ngang v sng dc y c coi nh c cu nm pha trong cc bin ca
khoang hng to nn bi cc vch kt hng v cc vch (hoc cc vch ngang nu
khng c vch). Cc sng ph di vch nghing kt hng v cc ngang nm
ngay bn di mi ni ca cc vch (hoc vch ngang nu khng c vch) vi
tn y trn khng nm trong nhm ny.
(6) Nu hnh dng v/hoc b tr cc c cu ca y i khng ph hp vi yu cu ca
ng kim quy nh trn th kh nng chu ct ca y i phi c tnh ton tho
mn yu cu ca ng kim.

3 Tiu chun bn
Hnh 2A/29.11 Cc ngang v sng dc phi c tnh ton
ngang
S
n
g

d
c

Vch ngang
ngang
cnh vch
vch
ngang cnh
vch ngang
C
L
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

454
(1) Kh nng chu ct ca y i C
h
v C
c
phi tha mn cc cng thc sau y:
C
h
=Z.A
DB,h
(kN)

C
c
=Z.A
DB,c
(kN)
Trong :
Cc i lng trong hai cng thc phi ph hp vi cc quy nh nu t (2) n
(4) di y.
h
v C
c
c xc nh theo cc cng thc sau y:
C
h
=
f1 f2 g1 g2
min(S ,S ) min(S ,S ) +

(kN)

C
c
=
f1 g1 g2
S min(S ,S ) +

(kN)
Trong :
S
f1
, S
f2
: bn ct ca ngang y trn tm ngang k vi vch nghing
kt hng v bn ct ca tm ngang vng c cc l khot ca tm
ngoi cng (tc l tm ngay cnh vch nghing kt hng) c cho nh
sau:
S
f1
=
3 a
f
f1
A 10
t
q
(kN)
S
f2
=
3 a
f,h
f2
A 10
t
q
(kN)
Trong :
f
A : Din tch tit din ca tm ngang y k vi vch nghing
kt hng (mm
2
)
f,h
A : Din tch tit din c bn ca cc l khot tm ngang
ngoi cng (tc l tm gn vch nghing kt hng nht) (mm
2
)
a
t : ng sut ct cho php c ly bng tr s nh hn trong cc tr
s tnh theo cc cng thc sau y (tuy nhin, c th ly bng
F
3
o
i vi cc ngang gn vi vch hoc vch ngang):
0,6
F
0,8
net
162.
s
t
o
| |
|
\ .
hoc
F
3
o
(N/mm
2
)
Trong :
o
F
: L ng sut chy ca vt liu (N/mm
2
)
S : Khong cch (mm) ca cc c cu gia cng tm ang xt
f1
1,10 q =
f1
1,20 q = : C th gim xung bng 1,10 nu c gia cng thch hp
tha mn yu cu ng kim
S
g1
, S
g
: bn ct ca sng dc vng tm ca sng dc k vi vch
(hoc vch ngang nu khng t vch) v bn ct ca sng dc trong
vng c l khot ln nht tm ngoi cng (tc l vng tm gn vch
hoc vch ngang nht nu khng t vch) c cho theo cng thc sau:
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

455
3 a
g1 g
g1
S A .10
t
=
q
(kN)
3 a
gh g,h
g2
S A .10
t
=
q
(kN)
Trong :
A
g
: L din tch tit din tm sng dc k vi vch (hoc vch
ngang nu khng c vch) (mm
2
)
A
g,h
: L din tch tit din c bn ca cc l khot rng nht tm
ngoi cng ca sng (vng gn vch hoc vch ngang nht,
nu khng t vch) (mm
2
)
g1
1,10 q =
g2
1,15 q = : C th gim xung n 1,10 nu c gia cng thch hp
tha mn yu cu ca ng kim
(3) Ti trng Z tnh ton tc dng ln y i iu kin ngp khoang c xc nh theo
cc cng thc sau:
Vi h
1
<h
f
:
Z = | |
1 f
g h (perm 1) E h gh + + (N/mm
2
)
Vi h
1
> h
f
:
Z = ( )
c 1 f
gh g E hperm (N/mm
2
)
Trong :
h
1
: Khong cch thng ng (m) t y trn n mt phng nm ngang tng
ng vi nh ca hng ha th tch V xp trong mi hm hng
V : Th tch xp hng (m
3
) trong mi hm hng c cho nh sau:
V =
c
F.W

Vi F =1,10 trong trng hp chung
F =1,05 i vi thp cn
W : Khi lng hng ha xp trong mi hm (tn)
c
: T trng hng ha (t/m
3
) (i vi thp,
c
c ly bng t trng ca
thp cn)
h
f
: Ct p ca nc ngp (m) trong mi hm hng c cho nh sau (xem
Hnh 2A/29.5):
h
f
=d
f
- h
DB

d
f
: Khong cch o theo phng thng ng (m) khi tu t th thng,
t ng chun n cao sau y (xem Hnh 2A/29.5):
(i) Trng hp chung:
d
f
=D (m) i vi hm gn mi nht
d
f
=0,9 D (m) i vi cc hm khc
(ii) Vi cc tu c trng ti nh hn 50.000 tn mn kh kiu B:
d
f
= 0,95 D (m) i vi hm gn mi nht
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

456
d
f
=0,85 D (m) i vi cc hm khc
Trong :
h
DB
: Chiu cao y i
: T trng nc bin, ly bng 1,025 (t/m
3
)
g : Gia tc trng trng, ly bng 9.81 (m/s
2
)
perm : ngp nc ca hng ha xc nh theo 29.10.1-2(7), perm =0 i
vi sn phm thp cn
E : ngp ca tu khi khoang b ngp c cho nh sau:
E =d
f
- 0,1D (m)
(4) Din tch A
DB,h
v A
DB,e
ca y i c cc ti trng tc ng ln c tnh theo cng
thc sau:
A
DB,h
=
n
i DB,i
i 1
SB
=
(m
2
)
A
DB,e
=
n
i DB i
i 1
S (B S )
=

(m
2
)
Trong :
n : S lng ngang y gia cc vch (hoc vch ngang, nu khng t
vch)
S
i
: Khong cch (m) ca ngang th i
B
DB,i
=B
DB
- S
i
(m) : i vi cc ngang y c bn ct c
tnh bng S
f1
(2) trn
B
DB,i
=B
DB,h
: i vi cc ngang y c bn ct c tnh bng S
f2
(2) trn
B
DB
: Chiu rng ca y i gia cc vch nghing kt hng (xem Hnh 2A/ 29.12)
B
DB,h
: Khong cch (m) gia hai l khot ang xt (xem Hnh 2A/29.12)
S
i
: Khong cch (m) gia cc dm dc y trn k cn vch nghing kt hng.

29.10.4 bn dc trong iu kin b ngp
1 Quy nh chung
(1) Cc yu cu trong mc ny c p dng tu hng ri nu (a) hoc (b), c chiu
di L
f
t 150 m tr ln c thit k ch x cc hng ri th rn c t trng t
1t/m
3
tr ln.
Hnh 2A/29.12 Xc nh B
DB
v B
DB,h

B
DB
B
DB,h
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

457
u t trong phm vi B/5 hoc 11,5 m, ly gi tr nh hn, v pha trong ca mn
tu theo phng vung gc vi tm tu o trn ng nc ch hng ma h n
nh.
(2) Cc tu phi c bn dc chu ng c ngp nc bt k mt hm hng
no trong nhng trng thi sau y. Ti trng trong cc hm b ngp v vic nh gi
bn dc thn tu phi ph hp vi 29.10.4-2 v -3.
(a) Trng thi dn (ri bn v v bn)
(b) Trng thi ti trng ng nht (ri bn v v bn)
(c) Trng thi ti trng khng ng nht (ri bn v v bn)
(d) Cc trng thi ti trng khc m ng kim thy l cn thit
2 Ti trng trong cc hm b ngp
(1) Ti trng c xt nh gi bn dc thn tu l tng ti trng ca hng ha v
ti trng ngp nc trong iu kin m tng hm hng b ngp ring r n ng
nc cn bng.
(2) tnh ton khi lng nc ngp, s dng cc gi thit sau y:
(a) H s ngp nc ca hm hng trng v th tch b khu tr trong khng gian c
cha hng c ly bng 0,95
(b) H s ngp nc ca hm cha hng ri c ly ph hp vi 29.10.1-2(7). i
vi cc sn phm thp cn nh thp cun, h s ngp nc c ly bng 0.
3 Tiu chun bn
(1) M un chng un tit din Z
f
ca tit din ngang thn tu ang xt on gia tu
khng c nh hn tr s W
z
sau y sao cho trong tt c cc trng thi ti trng
theo quy nh v trng thi dn tu vn bn:
W
z
=
sf w
5,72M 0.8M ( ) + + (cm
3
)
W
z
=
sf w
5,72M 0.8M ( ) + (cm
3
)
Trong :
M
sf
: M men un trn nc tnh trong tnh trng b ngp tit din ang xt
(kN.m) nh quy nh 13.2.1
M
w
: M men un trn sng trong tnh trng b ngp tit din ang xt(kN.m)
nh quy nh 13.2.1
Z
f
: M un chng un tit din thc tit din ang xt ca tu (cm
3
) tnh theo
quy nh 13.2.3
(2) Nu xt thy cn thit th ng kim c th yu cu c m un chng un ca cc tit
din nm ngoi vng gia tu cng phi tha mn yu cu nu trn.
(3) Chiu dy (t) ca tn bao mn ang xt khng c nh hn tr s tnh theo cc cng
thc sau y sau khi b ngp tu vn bn cc trng thi ti theo quy nh v
trng thi dn:
t =
sf w
m
0.455F 0.8F ( )
I
+ + (mm)
t =
sf w
m
0.455F 0.8F ( )
I
+ (mm)
Trong :
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

458
F
sf
: Lc ct trn nc tnh trong tnh trng b ngp tit din ang xt (kN)
quy nh 13.3.1
F
w
: Lc ct trn sng trong tnh trng b ngp tit din ang xt (kN) quy
nh 13.3.1
I v m : Nh quy nh 13.3.1-1
(4) Khi tnh ton bn un v bn ct, kt cu b h hi c coi nh vn cn kh
nng chu ng ti trng tc ng.
(5) ng sut mt n nh dc trc phi c nh gi ph hp vi 13.4.1.
29.10.5 Kt cu mn kp v kt cu khoang hng
1 Kt cu mn kp
(1) i vi cc tu hng ri c chiu di L
f
t 150 m tr ln kt cu trong tt c cc vng
ca mn kp phi tho mn yu cu t (a) n (f) sau y.
(a) Cc np hng chnh ca kt cu mn kp phi khng c t pha trong khng
gian khoang hng
(b) Khong cch gia mn ngoi v mn trong trn bt k tit din ngang no phi
khng nh hn 1000 mm o theo phng vung gc vi mn tu. Kt cu mn
kp phi sao cho c th tip cn c kim tra theo yu cu Chng 33.
(c) Chiu rng ti thiu trong lng ca hnh lang i qua khng gian mn kp ti
nhng ch c chng ngi vt nh ng ng hoc thang thng ng phi
khng nh hn 600 mm.
(d) Nu mn trong v/hoc mn ngoi c kt cu theo h thng ngang th
khng gian trong lng gia cc b mt bn trong ca cc sn phi khng nh
hn 600 mm.
(e) Nu mn trong v mn ngoi c kt cu theo h thng dc th khng gian trong
lng ti thiu gia cc b mt bn trong ca cc sn phi khng nh hn 800
mm. Ra ngoi on thn ng ca vng khoang, khng gian trong lng ny c th
c gim nu b hn ch bi hnh dng kt cu nhng trong mi trng hp
khng c nh hn 600 mm.
(f) Khng gian trong lng nu t (c) n (e) trn y phi l khong cch ngn
nht o gia cc ng thng gi nh ni gia cc b mt bn trong ca cc
sn mn trong v tng t nh vy i vi cc sn mn ngoi. (Xem Hnh
2A/29.13). Cc khng gian trong lng nh vy khng cn phi c duy tr ch
c thanh ging, cc m mt trn v mt di ca h thng kt cu ngang hoc
cc m mt ca h thng kt cu dc.

X
X
X : Khong h
o c
ng thng
gi nh
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

459
Hnh 2A/29.13 Khong cch trong lng gia cc kt cu trong mn kp
(2) Cc khoang mn kp v cc kt dn s dng nc bin trn cc tu hng ri c chiu
di L
f
t 150 m tr ln phi p dng h thng chng n mn theo yu cu ca ng
kim.
(3) Cc khoang mn kp, tr trng hp c kt nh mn phi khng c dng ch
hng.
2 Kt cu khoang hng
(1) Trn cc tu hng ri c chiu di L
f
t 150 m tr ln, ch x cc hng ri th rn
c t trng t 1 t/m
3
tr ln, kt cu khoang hng phi tho mn cc yu cu sau y:
(a) Kt cu ca khoang hng phi sao cho tt c cc hng ho d kin chuyn ch
u c th bc v xp bng cc thit b bc/xp v theo cc quy trnh tiu chun
m khng lm h hi kt cu.
(b) S lin tc hu hiu gia cc kt cu mn ngoi v phn cn li ca kt cu thn
tu phi c m bo.
(c) Kt cu ca cc vng cha hng phi sao cho h hng cc b do c hc ca mt
c cu gia cng khng dn n h hng t ngt cc b phn kt cu khc m
c kh nng dn n sp ton b cc tm c gia cng.
29.11 Nhng yu cu b sung i vi tu hng ri ang khai thc
29.11.1 Quy nh chung
1 Phm vi p dng
(1) Cc quy nh Chng ny p dng cho cc tu hng hot ng trn tuyn quc t
c tng dung tch t 500 tr ln.
(2) Cc tu ch hng ri, nh ngha 1.2.9-1 Phn 1A, c kt cu mn n, p ng tt c
cc iu kin sau y, phi tha mn nhng quy nh 29.11.1-2, 29.11.1-3, 29.11.2,
29.11.3 v 29.11.4 chu ng c ngp nc khoang hng gn mi tu nht.
(a) Cc tu c hp ng ng mi trc ngy 1 thng 7 nm 1998, v c t
ky hoc giai on ng mi tng t trc ngy 1 thng 7 nm 1999
Thut ng Giai on ng mi tng t ngha l giai on m khi lng lp
rp thn tu t 50 tn hoc 1% trng lng d kin ca ton b vt liu kt
cu, ly gi tr no nh hn.
(b) Cc tu c chiu di tnh mn kh khng nh hn 150 m
(c) Cc tu ch hng ri th rn c t trng khng nh hn 1,78 t/m
3

(3) Nhng tu ch hng ri nh ngha 1.2.9-1, Phn 1A ca Quy chun c kt cu mn
n, c hp ng ng mi trc ngy 01/07/1998, bn ca cc m v sn
khoang hng ca chng phi tho mn cc quy nh 29.11.5.
(4) i vi cc tu c ng mi hoc hon ci c mt boong, c cc kt nh mn v
cc kt hng trong vng khoang hng d nh ch yu ch x hng kh, c hp
ng ng vo trc ngy 01 thng 01 nm 2004, cc thit b kp cht v hm ca
cc np ming khoang kn thi tit phi tha mn cc yu cu 29.11.6.
(5) Cc tu hng ri nh ngha 1.2.9-1, Phn 1A, c chiu di L
f
t 150 m tr ln, kt
cu mn n, ch x cc hng ri c t trng t 1,78 t/m
3
tr ln, trong giai on
bt u ng mi t trc ngy 01 thng 7 nm 1999, phi tho mn cc yu cu
mc 29.11.7 nu khai thc vi bt k khoang hng no trng.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

460
(6) Ngoi nhng yu cu ring mc ny, tu ch hng ri ng mi cn phi p dng
nhng yu cu chung v kt cu v trang thit b ca tu hng ri nu cc mc khc
ca Chng ny v cc yu cu i vi tu v thp.
2 nh ngha
(1) Nhng thut ng s dng trong Chng ny c nh ngha nh sau:
(a) T trng hng ri hoc T trng ri (t/m
3
) l t s gia khi lng hng ha
chuyn ch v th tch d kin khi lng hng ha chim ch, bao gm c
khng gian trng gia hng ha vi nhau, khng ph thuc vo trng lng ring
ca hng ha c nh ngha 29.2.1-3.
(b) H s ngp nc ca mt khoang, l t s gia th tch trong khoang c
gi nh b nc chim ch v tng th tch ca khoang ang xt. Trong Chng
ny tr s nu Bng 2A/29.18 c th c dng nh mt tiu chun ph hp vi
loi hng ha. i vi hng ha khc loi vi hng ha nu Bng 2A/29.18, h
s ngp nc do ng kim quy nh.
Bng 2A/ 29.18 H s ngp nc
STT Loi hng v khng gian H s ngp nc
1 Qung st 0,30
2 Xi mng 0,30
3 Than 0,30
4 Khng gian trng 0,95

(c) Gc t l gc nghing ln nht gia mt phng nm ngang v mt nn nghing
ca mt chy t do ca hng ri. Trong Chng ny, tr s nu trong Bng
2A/29.19 c th c dng nh mt tiu chun ph hp vi loi hng ha. i
vi hng ha khc loi vi hng ha nu Bng 2A/29.19, tr s cho php do
ng kim quy nh.
Bng 2A/29.19 Gc t

STT Loi hng v khng gian Gc t ()
1 Qung st 35
2 Xi mng 25
3 Than 35

3 Thi hn hiu lc
Ty thuc vo tui tu tnh n ngy 1 thng 7 nm 1998, tt c cc tu phi thc hin cc
yu cu 29.11.2, 29.11.3 v 29.11.4 theo ngy quy nh trong Bng 2A/29.20.
Bng 2A/ 29.20 Thi hn thc hin i vi tu ang khai thc
Tui tu n 01/07/1998 : A Thi hn hiu lc
20 nm s A
Vo ngy n hn kim tra trung gian hoc kim tra nh k u
tin k t sau ngy 01/ 07/1998, ly theo ngy n trc
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

461
15 nm s A <20 nm
Vo ngy n hn kim tra nh k u tin k t sau ngy 01/
07/1998, nhng khng mun hn 01/07/2002
10 nm s A <15 nm
Vo ngy n hn kim tra trung gian hoc kim tra nh k u
tin k t sau ngy tu c 15 tui, nhng khng mun hn
ngy m tu c 17 tui
5 nm s A <10 nm
Vo ngy n hn kim tra trung gian u tin sau ngy
01/07/2003 hoc kim tra nh k u tin sau ngy tu c 10
tui, chn ngy no n trc
A <5 nm Vo ngy m tu c 10 tui
Ghi ch :
Kim tra trung gian c th ly vo t kim tra hng nm ln th hai hoc th ba.
29.11.2 Vch ngang kn nc dng sng
1 Quy nh chung
(1) Nhng yu cu trong mc ny c p dng cho nhng vch ngang kn nc dng
sng gn ng t sau hm hng gn mi nht.
(2) Trong mc ny, trng thi ti trng ng nht ngha l trng thi ti trng m trong
t l gia h s in y hng cao nht v thp nht, nh gi cho hai hm hng gn
mi nht, iu chnh i vi cc hng ha c t trng khc nhau, khng c vt
qu 1,20.
(3) Khi la chn cc quy cch ca vch phi s dng ti trng nguy him nht do c hng
v nc ngp gy ra theo cc trng thi ti trng nu trong Hng dn xp ti:
(a) Cc trng thi ti trng ng nht
(b) Cc trng thi ti trng khng ng nht
Ngoi ra, trong bt k trng hp no khi tnh ton vch phi xt n iu kin
ch c p lc do nc ngp tc ng vo vch.
Cc trng thi ti trng khng ng nht kt hp vi nhn hng v tr hng
nhiu cng xy ra trc khi t c trng thi ti ng nht khng cn phi xt
theo cc yu cu ca mc ny.
(4) Chiu dy ca cc vch vt qu gii hn n mn (sau y gi l chiu dy c bn),
t
net
phi c ly lm c s tnh ton cc quy cch kt cu ca vch.
2 M hnh ti trng
(1) Chiu cao ct p ngp nc (h
f
) l khong cch o theo phng thng ng t th
tu thng ng t im tnh ton n cao bng d
f
(m) tnh t ng chun (xem
Hnh 2A/29.5):
(a) Trng hp chung:
h
f
=D (m)
(b) Vi nhng tu c trng ti nh hn 50.000 tn c mn kh kiu B:
h
f
=0,95 D (m)
(c) Vi nhng tu hot ng chiu chm ng vi mn kh c n nh d
r
nh hn
chiu chm ng nc ti trng cho php d, chiu cao ct p ngp nc h
f
xc
nh theo (1) hoc (2) c th c gim i mt lng bng (d - d
r
).
(2) cao hng ha cht hm hng gn mi nht d
1
o t ng chun c xc nh
theo cng thc sau y :
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

462
d
1
=
c LS
HT DB HT DB
c c c
M v
(h h )b / B h
l B l B
+ + +
(m)
Trong :
M
c
: Khi lng hng ha hm hng gn mi nht (tn)
c
3
)
l
c
: Chiu di ca hm hng gn mi nht (m)
B : Chiu rng gia tu (m)
v
LS
: Th tch ca di vch phn pha trn y trn (m
3
)
h
HT
: Chiu cao ca kt mn gia tu, tnh t ng chun (m)
h
DB
: Chiu cao y i (m)
b
HT
: Chiu rng kt mn gia tu (m)
(3) Trong khoang cha hng, p sut v lc tc dng ln vch ti im ang xt trong
tnh trng ngp nc c xc nh theo (a) v (b) di y, ph hp vi quan h
gia chiu cao ct p ngp nc h
f
v chiu cao cht hng d
1
tng ng c tnh
(1) v (2) trn (xem Hnh 2A/29.5):
(a) Trng hp h
f
>d
1
:
(i) Ti mi im ca vch nm khong gia h
f
v d
1
, tnh t ng chn, p
sut p
c,f
c ly nh sau:
p
c,f
=
f
gh (kN/m
2
)
(ii) Ti mi im ca vch nm khong cch thp hn d
1
, tnh t ng chun,
p sut p
c,f
c ly nh sau:
p
c,f
=
2
f c erm 1
gh [ (1 p )]ghtg + (kN/m
2
)
(iii) Lc F
c,f
tc ng ln gn sng c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
F
c,f
=
2
f 1 c,f le f 1
1 1 DB L
(h d ) (p ) (h d )
s [ g g (d h h ]
2 2
+
+ (kN)
Trong :
d
f
: Nh nu (1) trn
d
1
, h
DB
: Nh quy nh (2) trn
g : Gia tc trng trng : 9,81 (m/s
2
)
: T trng ca nc bin (t/m
3
)
c
: T trng ca hng ri (t/m
3
)
p
erm
: H s ngm nc c nh ngha 29.11.1-2(1)(b)
h
L
: Khong cch thng ng t im ang xt ti cao hng ha
d
1
nu (2) trn tnh t ng chun (m)
=
o
45 / 2 |
| : Gc t c nh ngha 29.11.1-2(1)(c)
s
1
: Khong cch gn sng 1/ 2 bc sng (m) (xem Hnh 2A/
29.6a)
(p
c,f
)
le
: p sut ti u di ca gn sng (kN/m
2
)
h
LS
: Chiu cao ca di ca vc t y trn (m)
(b) Trng hp d
f
<d
1
:
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

463
(i) Ti mi im ca vch nm khong cch gia d
f
v d
1
, tnh t ng chun,
p sut p
c,f
2
c c 1
p ghtg = (kN/m
2
)
(ii) Ti mi im ca vch nm khong cch thp hn d
1
, tnh t ng chun,
p sut p
c,f
p
c,f
=
2
f c 1 f
gh [ h (1 perm)h ]gtg + (kN/m
2
)
(iii) Lc F
c,f
((kN) tc ng ln np sng c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
F
c,f
=
2 2
2 1 f c,f le f 1
1 c c f DB Ls
(d d )tg (p ) (d d )
s [ g tg g (d h h ]
2 2
+
+ (kN)
Trong :
d
f
: Nh quy nh (1) trn
d
1
, h
DB
: Nh quy nh (2) trn
c
, g, h
1
, , , h
f
, perm, s
1
, (p
c,f
)
le
: Nh quy nh quy nh (a) trn
(4) Trong cc khoang trng, p sut v lc im ang xt tc ng ln vch trong iu
kin ngp c xc nh theo (a) v (b) i y:
(a) Ti mi im ca vch p sut thy tnh p
f
do ngp nc sinh ra phi bng ct p
nc ngp h
f
c xc nh theo cng thc (1) trn.
(b) Lc F
f
tc ng ln gn sng c tnh theo cng thc sau:
F
f
=
2
f DB LS
1
(d h h )
s g
2

(kN)
Trong :
s
1
, , g,d
f
, h
DB
v h
LS
: Nh quy nh (3) trn
(5) Trong hm hng c hng khng b ngp nc, p sut v lc F
f
tc dng im ang
xt tc dng ln vch c xc nh theo (a) v (b) di y:
(a) Ti mi im ca vch, p sut p
c
tc ng ln mi gn sng c xc nh nh
sau:
p
c
=
2
c 1
ghtg (kN/m
2
)
Trong :
c
, g, h
1
v : Nh quy nh (3) trn
(b) Lc F
c
tc dng ln gn sng c xc nh nh sau:
F
c
=
2
2 1 DB LS
c 1
(d h h )
gs tg
2

(kN)
Trong :
c
, g, s
1
, h
LS
, h
DB
v : Nh quy nh (3) trn
(6) p sut p v lc F tng hp ti mi im ca vch dng tnh ton quy cch ca
vch phi c xc nh t p sut v lc tnh theo cc quy nh t (3) n (5) trn
ty theo cc trng thi ti trng, +c xc nh theo cc cng thc sau:
(a) Trng hp ti trng ng nht:
p =p
c,f
- 0,8p
c
(kN/m
2
)
F =F
c,f
- 0,8F
c
(kN)
(b) Trng hp ti trng khng ng nht:
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

464
p =p
c,f
(kN/m
2
)
F =F
c,f
(kN)
(c) Trng hp khoang gn mi nht khng c cha hng trong trng thi ti
trng khng ng nht:
p =p
f
(kN/m
2
)
F =F
f
(kN)
3 M men un v lc ct trn vch sng
(1) M men un thit k M i vi vch sng c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
M =
Fl
8
(kN.m)
Trong :
F : Nh quy nh 29.11.2-2(6)
l : Nhp ca gn sng (m) ly theo Hnh 2A/29.6a, -b
(2) Lc ct Q ti chn vch sng c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
Q =0,8 F (kN)
Trong :
F : Xc nh nh 29.11.2-2(6)
4 Tiu chun bn
(1) M un chng un ca tit din ti chn gn sng phi c tnh ton vi nhng lu
sau:
(a) Chiu rng tm mt ca gn sng chu nn a vo tnh m un chng un tit
din phi khng ln hn chiu rng mp km xc nh theo cng thc sau:
b
ef
=C
e
a (m)
Vi : C
e
=
2
2,25 1,25
| |
Nu | >1,25
C
e
=1,0 Nu | <1,25
Trong :
3 F
f
a
10
t E
o
| =
t
f
: Chiu dy c bn ca tm mp (mm)
a : Chiu rng tm mp ca gn sng (m) (xem Hnh 2A/29.6a)
F
o : Gii hn chy ca vt liu (N/mm
2
)
E : M un n hi ca vt liu : E = 2,0610
5
N/mm
2

(b) Nu tm thnh ca gn sng khng c bi cc m gia cng nm bn di
nh ca vch (hoc y trn) th m un chng un tit din ca gn sng
phi c tnh ch vi 30% hiu qu ca tm thnh.
(c) Vi iu kin c t tm gia cng nghing hu hiu nh quy nh 29.11.2-5(4)
(xem Hnh 2A/29.7a v -b), khi tnh m un chng un tit din mt di ca
cc gn sng (tit din ngang (l) trong Hnh 2A/29.7a v -b) din tch ca cc
tm mt (F
m
) c th c tng ln theo cng thc sau, nhng khng c ly
ln hn 2,5 at
f
:
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

465
F
m
=2,5a
Fsh
f sh
Fft
t t
o
o
(cm
2
)
Trong :
a : Chiu rng ca tm mt ca gn sng (m) (xem Hnh 2A/29.6a)
t
sh
: Chiu dy c bn ca tm gia cng nghing (mm)
t
f
: Chiu dy c bn ca tm mt ca gn sng (mm)
Fsh
o : Gii hn chy vt liu lm tm gia cng nghing (N/mm
2
)
Ffl
o : Gii hn chy vt liu lm tm mt ca gn sng (N/mm
2
)
(d) Vi iu kin c t tm gia cng ng hu hiu nh quy nh 29.11.2-5(5)
(xem Hnh 2A/29.8a v -b), khi tnh m un chng un tit din mt di ca cc
gn sng (tit din ngang (l) trong Hnh 2A/29.8a v -b) din tch ca cc tm mt
(Fm) c th c tng ln theo cng thc sau:
F
m
=7h
g
t
gu
(cm
2
)
Trong :
h
g
: Chiu cao tm gia cng ng, nhng khng c ly ln hn 10 S
gu
/7
(m) (xem Hnh 2A/29.8a v -b)
S
gu
: Chiu rng tm gia cng ng (m)
t
gu
: Chiu dy c bn ca tm gia cng ng, nhng khng c ly ln
hn t
f
quy nh (3) trn (mm)
(e) Nu cc tm thnh ca gn sng c hn vi tm nc nghing ca vch, v
tm nc ny nghing mt gc khng nh hn 45
o
so vi mt phng nm ngang,
th m un chng un tit din ca cc gn sng c th c tnh ton vi ton
b hiu qu ca tm thnh gn sng. Nu gc nghing ny nh hn 45
o
th hiu
qu ca tm thnh c th c xc nh theo php ni suy tuyn tnh gia 30%
(i vi 0
o
) v 100% (i vi 45
o
) (xem Hnh 2A/ 29.8b).
Nu t tm gia cng ng hu hiu th khi tnh m un chng un tit din ca
gn sng, din tch tit din tm mt c th c tng ln nh quy nh (d)
trn. iu ny ch p dng khi c t tm gia cng nghing.
(2) Vi iu kin c t tm gia cng ng hoc tm gia cng nghing hu hiu nh
quy nh 29.11.3-5(4) v 29.11.3-5(5) (xem Hnh 2A/29.8a v -b), m un chng un
tit din ca gn sng ti mt di Z
le
phi khng ln hn Z
le
xc nh theo cng thc
di y:
2
g g 1 g 3
le g
a
Qh 0,5h s p
Z' Z 10 x

= +
o
(cm
3
)
Trong :
Z
g
: M un chng un tit din ca gn sng ph hp vi (3) vng mt trn
ca tm gia cng nghing hoc tm gia cng ng (cm
3
)
Q : Lc ct, nh quy nh 29.11.3-3(2) (kN)
h
g
: Chiu cao ca tm gia cng nghing hoc tm gia cng ng (m) (xem
Hnh 2A/29.7a v -b v Hnh 2A/29.8a v -b)
s
1
: Nh c cho 29.11.3-2(3)
p
g
: p sut tng hp, nh quy nh 29.11.3-2(6), xc nh trong vng t tm
gia cng nghing hoc tm gia cng ng (kN/m
2
)
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

466
o
a
2
)
(3) M un chng un tit din ca cc gn sng ti cc tit din ngang khng phi mt
di nh quy nh (1) v (2) c tnh ton vi tm thnh hu hiu ca gn sng
v tm mt chu nn vi chiu rng mp km b
ef
khng ln hn tr s quy nh (1)
trn.
(4) Kh nng chu un ca gn sng phi tha mn iu kin sau:
3
le a,le m a,m
M
10 1,0
0,5Z Z
s
o + o

Trong :
M : M men un (kNm) nh quy nh 29.11.2-3(1)
Z
le
: M un chng un tit din ca gn sng ti mt di (cm
3
), xc nh
nh (1)
Z
m
: M un chng un tit din ca gn sng ti gia nhp (cm
3
), xc nh
nh (3). Trong mi trng hp khng c ly Z
m
ln hn 1,15 Z
le
.
a,le
o : Gii hn chy ca vt liu lm mt di ca gn sng (N/mm
2)

a,m
o : Gii hn chy ca vt liu lm phn gia nhp ca gn sng (N/mm
2)

(5) ng sut ct ca gn sng phi tha mn iu kin sau:
a 3
w
Q
A sin 10
t >
|
(N/mm
2
)
a F
0,5 t = o (N/mm
2
)
F
2
)
Q : Lc ct nh quy nh 29.10.2-3(2) (kN)
A
w
: Din tch tit din tm thnh ca gn sng ti mt di (mm
2
)
| : Gc gia tm thnh v tm mt ()
(6) i vi bn n nh ca tm thnh cc mt ca gn sng phi tha mn cng
thc sau y sao cho ng sut ct i vi tm thanh khng c vt qu tr s
tiu chun
c
(N/mm
2
) xc nh theo cng thc sau:
c E
t = t khi
F
E
2
t
t s
F
c E
E
(1 )
4
t
t = t
t
khi
F
E
2
t
t >
Trong :
F
F
3
o
t =
F
2
)
2
E t
t
0,9kE( )
1000c
t = (N/mm
2
)
k
1
: H s ly bng 6,34
E : M un n hi ca vt liu : 2,06x10
5
(N/mm
2
)
t : Chiu dy c bn ca tm thnh ca gn sng (mm)
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

467
c : Chiu rng ca tm thnh gn sng (m) (xem Hnh 2A/29.6a)
(7) Chiu dy c bn cc b ca tn gn sng t (mm) phi ph hp vi cng thc sau:
w
F
p
t 14,9S =
o

Trong :
S
w
: Chiu rng ca tm (m) phi c ly bng chiu rng ca tm mt hoc
tm thnh gn sng, ly tr s no ln hn (xem Hnh 2A/29.6a)
p : p sut tng hp (kN/m
2
) cnh di ca mi di ca tn ca vch sng
nh tnh c 29.11.3-2(6). Trong mi trng hp, chiu dy c bn
ca di di cng phi c xc nh vi p lc tng hp ti nh ca
di ca vch, hoc y trn nu khng t vch, hoc nh ca
tm gia cng nghing hoc tm gia cng nghing/gusset nu t.
F
2
)
i vi vch sng hn ghp, nu chiu dy ca tm mt v tm thnh khc nhau th chiu
dy c bn ca tm hp hn phi khng nh hn t
n
(mm) tnh theo cng thc sau:
n n
F
p
t 14,9S =
o
(mm)
S
n
: Chiu rng ca tm hp hn (m)
Chiu dy c bn ca tm rng hn t
w
(mm) phi khng nh hn t
w1
v t
w2
tnh theo cng
thc sau:

w1 w
F
p
t 14,9S =
o
(mm)

2
2 w
w2 np
F
440S p
t t =
o
(mm)
t
np
: Tr s khng ln hn chiu dy c bn ca tm hp hn v t
w1
(mm).
5 Cc chi tit kt cu
(1) Nu gc ca gn sng (|) nu Hnh 2A/29.6a nh hn 50
o
th hng ngang ca cc
tm gia cng nghing cho nhau phi c t gn gia chiu cao tit din ca
gn sng gi cho vch n nh v kch thc di tc dng ca cc ti trng do
ngp nc. Cc tm gia cng nghing phi c hn vi cc gn sng bng ng
hn lin tc hai pha, nhng khng cn hn vi tn bao mn.
(2) Chiu dy phn di ca cc gn sng c tnh 29.11.3-4(1), (2), (4) v (5) phi
c duy tr trn mt on khng nh hn 0,15 l k t y trn (nu vch khng c
di) hoc nh ca di ca vch.
(3) Chiu dy phn gia ca gn sng c tnh 29.11.3-4(3), (4) v (5) phi c duy
tr trn mt on khng nh hn 0,30 l tnh t boong (nu vch khng c trn) hoc
y ca trn ca vch.
(4) Trong trng hp, nu t cc tm gia cng nghing, th cc tm gia cng nghing
phi tha mn cc yu cu sau y m bo tc dng hu hiu:
(a) Khng c gp khc
(b) Phi c hn vi gn sng v tm nc ca di ca vch bng ng hn
mt pha ngu hon ton hoc tng ng
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

468
(c) Phi c t nghing ti thiu 45
o
v mp di ca chng nm trng v tr vi
tm cnh ca vch.
(5) Trong trng hp, nu t cc tm gia cng ng, th cc tm gia cng ng phi
tha mn cc yu cu sau y m bo tc dng hu hiu:
(a) Phi t trong trng v tr vi tm cnh ca vch
(b) Lm bng vt liu ti thiu phi tng ng vi vt liu tm mt ca gn sng
(6) Vic thit k chi tit cc kt cu cc b phi m bo truyn c lc v m men tc
dng ln gn sng n cc kt cu xung quanh, c th l y i v boong ngang
gia hai ming khoang hng.
6 Lng b sung cho mn g, thay mi thp v gia cng
Vch sng phi c thay mi hoc gia cng cn c vo vic o chiu dy ph hp vi
yu cu ca ng kim, theo mi lin h gia chiu dy o c thc t v chiu dy c
bn yu cu Chng ny.
29.11.3 Ti trng cho php ln y i trong hm hng
1 Quy nh chung
(1) Ti trng hm hng gn mi nht phi khng c vt qu ti trng cho php ca
hm hng iu kin ngp tnh theo quy nh 29.11.3-4, ly theo ct p ngp nc
cho 29.11.3-2 v kh nng chu ct ca y i cho 29.11.3-3.
(2) Phi dng cc tr s tng hp nguy him nht ca cc ti trng do hng ha v cc ti
trng do ngp nc ty thuc vo cc iu kin ti trng sau y nu trong Hng
dn xp ti:
(b) iu kin ti trng ca cc hng ri tr cc hng dng nh sn phm thp cn
(c) iu kin ti trng ca cc hng dng nh sn phm thp cn
i vi mi iu kin ti trng, phi ly t trng hng ri ln nht tnh ton gii hn
ti trng cho php trong hm hng.
2 Ct p ngp nc
Ct p ngp nc h
f
(m) phi c o theo phng thng ng vi tu t th thng t
im tnh ton n cao bng d
f
(m) t ng chun (xem Hnh 2A/ 29.5):
d
f
=D (m) Trng hp chung
d
f
=0,95 D (m) i vi tu c trng ti nh hn 50.000 tn c mn kh kiu B
3 Kh nng chu ct
(1) Kh nng chu ct C
k
v C
e
ca y i hm hng gn mi nht c ly bng tng
ca bn ct ti mi mt ca cc c cu sau y:
(a) Tt c cc ngang lin k vi c hai vch nghing kt hng, nh hn mt na
bn ca hai ngang lin k vi mi vch, hoc vch ngang nu khng t
vch (xem Hnh 2A/29.11)
(b) Tt c cc sng dc y i lin k vi c hai vch hoc vch ngang nu
khng t vch.
bn ca cc sng dc hoc cc ngang y khng lin kt trc tip vi cc
vch hoc cc sng dc di vch nghing kt hng xung quanh ch c
nh gi ti mt mt.
(2) Cc ngang v sng dc ang xt phi bn trong cc bin ca khoang hng to
thnh bi cc vch nghing kt hng v cc vch (hoc vch ngang nu khng c
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

469
vch). Cc sng dc di vch nghing kt hng v cc ngang y nm ngay
di lin kt ca cc vch (hoc vch ngang nu khng c vch) vi y trn
khng c tnh n.
(3) Khi tnh ton bn ct, chiu dy c bn t
net
ca cc ngang v sng dc phi
c s dng, nh c cho theo cng thc sau y:
t
net
=t - t
c
(mm)
Trong :
t : Chiu dy lc ng mi (mm) ca cc ngang v sng dc
t
c
: Lng b sung cho mn g, thng ly bng 2 mm. Tuy nhin, c th ly gi
tr thp hn, nu vic o chiu dy tn tha mn yu cu ca ng kim.
(4) Nu hnh dng v/hoc b tr kt cu ca y i xt thy l cha m bo yu cu
nu (2) th kh nng chi ct ca y i phi c tnh ton trc tip theo yu cu
ca ng kim.
h
v C
e
c xc nh theo cng thc sau y:
C
h
=
f1 f2 g1 g2
min(S ,S ) min(S ,S ) +

(kN)
C
e
=
f1 g1 g2
S min(S ,S ) +

(kN)
Trong :
S
f1
, S
f2
: bn ct ti tm ca ngang k vi vch nghing kt hng, v
bn ct ch c cc l khot trn tm ngoi cng (c ngha l tm gn
vi vch nghing kt hng nht) tng ng c tnh theo cng thc sau:
3 a
f1 f
f1
S 10 A
t
=
q
(kN)
3 a
f2 f,h
f2
S 10 A
t
=
q
(kN)
Trong :
A
f
: Din tch tit din (mm
2
) ca tm ngang k vi vch nghing
kt hng
A
f,h
: Din tch tit din c bn (mm
2
) ca cc l khot tm ngoi
cng (ngha l tm gn vch nghing kt hng nht)
a
t : ng sut tip cho php (N/mm
2
):
F
a
3
o
t =
F
2
)
f1
q = 1,10
f2
q =1,20, c th gim n bng 1,10, nu c bin php gia cng thch
ng c ng kim chp nhn.
2 1 g g
S , S : bn ct ca sng dc tm ca sng k vi cc vch (hoc
vch ngang, nu khng c vch) v bn ct ca sng dc trong vng c
cc l khot ln nht tm ngoi cng (ngha l tm gn cc vch
nht, hoc vch ngang nht, nu khng c vch) c cho theo cc cng
thc sau y:
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

470
3 a
g1 g
g1
S 10 A
t
=
q
(kN)
3 a
g2 g,h
g2
S 10 A
t
=
q
(kN)
Trong :
A
g
: Din tch tit din (mm
2
) ca tm ca sng k vi vch (hoc
vch ngang, nu khng c vch)
A
g,h
: Din tch c bn ca tit din (mm
2
) ca cc l khot rng nht
tm ngoi cng (ngha l tm gn cc vch, hoc vch
ngang nht, nu khng c vch)
g1
q =1,10
g2
q =1,15, c th gim n bng 1,10 nu c bin php gia cng thch
ng c ng kim chp nhn.
4 Ti trng cho php trong hm hng
(1) Ti trng cho php trong hm hng W hm hng gn mi nht c tnh ton theo
cng thc di y, nhng khng vt qu ti trng hm hng thit k ln nht trong
iu kin nguyn vn:
c
1
W V
F
= (tn)
Trong :
F =1,05 trng hp chung
F =1,00 i vi cc sn phm thp cn
c
3
), i vi cc sn phm thp cn
c
l t trng ca thp
V : Th tch (m
3
) chim ch ca hng ha khi dng cao h
1

h
1
: Tnh theo cng thc sau y:
1
c
X
h
g
=
(m)
Trong :
X : Tr s nh hn trong hai tr s X
1
v X
2
di y. Tuy nhin, i
vi cc sn phm thp cn c th ly bng X
1
, vi perm=0.
f
1
c
Z g(E h )
X
1 (perm 1)
+
=

+
(kN/m
2
)
2 f
X Z g(E hperm) = + (kN/m
2
)
: T trng ca nc bin : 1,025 (t/m
3
)
g : Gia tc trng trng : 9,81 (m/s
2
)
E =d
f
- 0,1D (m)
d
f
: Nh quy nh 29.11.3-2
h
f
: Nh quy nh 29.11.3-2
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

471
perm : H s ngm nc ca hng ha nh quy nh 29.10.1.-
2(1)(b), i vi sn phm thp cn perm =0
Z : Tr s nh hn trong hai tr s Z
1
v Z
2
, c tnh nh sau:
h
1
DB,h
C
Z
A
= (kN/m
2
)
e
2
DB,e
C
Z
A
= (kN/m
2
)
C
h
v C
e
: Nh quy nh 29.11.3-3
A
DB,h
v A
DB,e
: c xc nh nh sau:
n
DB,h i DB,i
i 1
A SB
=
=
(m
2
)
n
DB,e i DB l
i 1
A S (B S )
=
=
(m
2
)
n : S ngang y gia cc vch (hoc cc vch
ngang, nu khng t vch)
S
i
: Khong cch (m) ca ngang th i
B
DB,i
=B
DB
S
l
(m) i vi cc ngang m bn ct
c tnh bng S
f1
29.11.3-3(5)
B
DB,i
=B
DB,h
(m) i vi cc ngang m bn ct
c tnh bng S
f2
29.11.3-3(5)
B
DB
: Chiu rng (m) ca y i gia cc vch nghing kt
hng (Hnh 2A/29.12)
B
DB,h
: Khong cch (m) gia hai l khot ang xt (Hnh
2A/29.12)
S
l
: khong cch (m) ca cc dm dc y i lin k cc
vch nghing kt hng
29.11.4 Sn khoang
1 Nhng tu ch hng ri hp ng ng mi trc ngy 01 thng 7 nm 1998, phi
tho mn cc quy nh ca 29.11.4-2 v -3 theo ngy quy nh Bng 2A/29.21, tu thuc
vo tui tu tnh n ngy 01 thng 01 nm 2004.
Bng 2A/ 29.21 Thi hn thc hin i vi tu ang khai thc
Tui tu n 01/01/2004 : A Thi hn hiu lc
15 nm s A
Vo ngy n hn kim tra trung gian hoc nh k u tin
k t sau ngy 01/01/2004
10 nm s A <15 nm
Vo ngy n hn kim tra nh k u tin k t sau ngy
01/01/2004
(1)

A <10 nm Vo ngy m tu c 10 tui
(2)

Ch thch:
(1)
Nu ngy n hn kim tra nh k u tin n sau ngy tu c 15 nm tui th thi
hn hiu lc phi c ly theo ngy n hn kim tra trung gian hoc nh k u tin
sau ngy tu c 15 nm tui, ly theo ngy n trc.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

472
(2)
Nu ngy n hn kim tra trung gian hoc nh k u tin khng ri vo gia ngy 01
thng 01 nm 2004 v ngy tu c 10 nm tui th thi hn hiu lc phi c ly
theo ngy n hn kim tra trung gian hoc nh k u tin sau ngy tu c 10 nm
tui.
2 Tiu chun thay mi thp v phm vi gia cng
(1) Vic thay mi tn tm thnh ca sn v cc m phi c thc hin khi t
M
s t
REN
,
trong t
M
l chiu dy o c, mm, t
REN
l chiu dy thay mi, mm, c ly bng
tr s ln nht trong cc tr s t (a) n (d) di y.
(a) t
REN
=t
COAT
- t
C

t
COAT
: 0,75 t
S12
(mm)
t
C
: Tr s quy nh Bng 2A/29.22 (mm)
t
S12
: Chiu dy tm thnh ca sn khoang v tm thnh ca m theo yu
cu ph hp vi 29.1.6-2 v 29.6.2-5 (mm)
(b) t
REN
=0,75 t
AB

t
AB
: Chiu dy khi ng mi (mm)
(c) t
REN
=t
REN,d/t

t
REN,d/t
: Chiu dy tm thnh, mm, ph hp vi t s di y gia chiu cao v
chiu dy tit din tm thnh i vi sn v m (ch p dng i vi Vng A
v B nh Hnh 2A/29.14). Tuy nhin, mc d vy t s chiu cao v chiu
dy tit din tm thnh, t
REN,d/t
i vi cc m bn trong phi c ly khng
nh hn t
REN,d/t
i vi sn nh quy nh (i). Yu cu (i) di y c th
khng cn phi xt n nu t cc m chng vn ph hp vi (6).
(i) T s chiu cao v chiu dy tit din tm thnh i vi sn tit din b)
(Xem Hnh 2A/29.15)
65 K i vi sn c tm mp i xng
55 K i vi sn c tm mp khng i xng
(ii) T s chiu cao v chiu dy tit din tm thnh i vi m di tit din a)
(Xem Hnh 2A/29.15)
87 K i vi sn c tm mp i xng
73 K i vi sn c tm mp khng i xng
K : H s ph thuc vo cp thp, ly bng 1,0 i vi thp thng, i vi thp
bn cao ly theo quy nh 1.1.7-2(1).
Khi tnh t s gia chiu cao v chiu dy tit din tm thnh ca m di,
chiu cao tit din ca m di c th o t giao im ca tm nghing kt
hng vi tn mn v ly vung gc vi tm mp ca m di (Xem Hnh
2A/29.11.6). Trong trng hp c gn np trn tm m di, chiu cao tit
din tm thnh c th ly bng tr s ln nht trong cc khong cch gia tn
mn v np, khong cch gia cc np hoc gia np v tm mp.
i vi cc sn, k c m di nm ngay sau vch chng va m c quy
cch phi tng ln c m men qun tnh m bo trnh c bin dng
khng mong i cho tn mn, tc l chiu dy bn thnh khi ng mi ca
chng t
AB
ln hn 1,65 ln t
REN,S
xc nh theo 29.11.4-3(4), chiu dy t
REN,d/t

c th ly bng tr s t
REN,d/t
tnh theo cng thc sau.
2
3
REN,d/t REN,d/t REN,S
t' t t =
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

473
(d) t
REN
=t
REN,S
(Khi t
M
t
COAT
phn di ca sn nh quy nh Hnh 2A/29.14)
t
REN,S
: Ly nh quy nh 29.11.5-3(4)
Khi chiu di hoc chiu cao tit din ca m di khng tho mn quy nh
29.6.2-7, phi tin hnh kim tra bn ph hp vi 29.11.4-3(5) hoc gia cng
ph hp theo quy nh mc ny.
Bng 2A/29.22 Tr s t
C
(mm)
Cc hm khc hm s 1 Hm s 1
Chiu di tu
L
1
, m
Nhp v m nh M chn Nhp v m nh M chn
100 2,0 2,5 2,0 3,0
150 2,0 3,0 3,0 3,5
200 2,0 3,0 3,0 4,0
Ghi ch:
i vi cc chiu di trung gian ca tu, t
C
c xc nh bng cch ni suy tuyn tnh gia
cc tr s trn.
(2) Nu cc m di khng c tm mp hoc mp b th m di phi c gn tm mp
hoc b mp. Chiu dy ca tm mp hoc mp b phi khng c nh hn chiu
dy tm thnh ca m di.
(3) Khi phi thay mi thp, th tm thnh thay mi phi c chiu dy khng nh hn: t
AB
,
1,2 t
COAT
hoc 1,2 t
REN
ly tr s no ln nht. Trong trng hp thay mi thp, lin kt hn
phi ph hp cc quy nh ca 29.6.3.
(4) Khi t
REN
<t
M
s t
COAT
, phi thc hin tt c cc bin php bao gm t (1) n (3) di
y. Tuy nhin, cc bin php ny c th khng cn tin hnh nu cc c cu khng
b gim chiu dy so vi chiu dy ban u v sn tnh trng nh cn mi (tc l
khng b mn hoc g).

Hnh 2A/29.14 Phn di v cc vng ca sn

B
D
C
0,25h
0,25h
h
Phn di
ca sn
A

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

474

Hnh 2A/29.15 Cc tit din (a v (b

Hnh 2A/29.15 Xc nh chiu cao tit din tm thnh m di khi tnh t
REN,dft

Khi tr s t
M
o c tm thnh ca sn tho mn iu kin t
REN
<t
M
s t
COAT
v sn
tnh trng tt th vic sn ph nh yu cu (1) c th khng cn thc hin thm
ch khi thy khng "nh cn mi" vi iu kin c lp cc m chng vn v h hng
sn ch mi hn ca m chng vn c sa cha.
(a) Phun ct, hoc tng ng, v sn (xem mc (5)
(b) Lp cc m chng vn (xem mc (6)) khi iu kin nu trn xut hin bt k
Chiu cao tit din
tm thnh m di
Mt mm
90
o

d
b

d
a

Tit din b)
Tit din a)
h
B

d
b

d
a

Tit din b)
Tit din a)
h
B

d
a
: Chiu cao tit din tm thnh m
di xc nh t
REN,S
d
b
: Chiu cao tit din sn
h
B
: Chiu di phn di
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

475
vng A, B v D no ca sn (xem Hnh 2A/29.14).
(c) Duy tr tnh trng sn lc no cng "nh cn mi" (tc l khng b mn g) cc
t kim tra nh k v kim tra trung gian.
(5) o chiu dy, thay mi thp, phun ct v sn
(a) thay mi thp, phun ct v sn, 4 vng A, B, C v D c nh Hnh 29.14.
Vic o chiu dy i din phi c thc hin i vi mi vng c nh gi
theo tiu chun nh (1) v (3).
(b) Trong trng hp l cc m lin, nu tiu chun (1) v (3) khng tho mn i
vi vng A hoc B, th vic thay mi thp, phun ct v sn, khi c th, phi thc
hin i vi c vng A v vng B.
(c) Trong trng hp l cc m ri, nu tiu chun (1) v (3) khng tho mn i
vi vng A hoc B, th vic thay mi thp, phun ct v sn, khi c th, phi thc
hin i vi mi vng ny.
(d) Nu vic thay mi thp c yu cu i vi vng C theo yu cu (1) th phi
thc hin cho c cc vng B v C. Nu vic phun ct v sn c yu cu i vi
vng C theo quy nh (3) th phi thc hin cho c cc vng B, C v D.
(e) Nu vic thay mi thp c yu cu i vi vng D theo quy nh (1) th ch
cn thc hin cho mi vng ny. Nu vic phun ct v sn c yu cu i vi
vng D theo quy nh (3) th phi thc hin cho c cc vng C v D.
(f) Ngoi nhng quy nh nu t (2) n (5) trn, ng kim c th phi xem xt
c bit cc vng thay trc y hoc sn li, nu thy tnh trng nh cn
mi (tc l khng b hng hoc g).
(g) Lin quan n tiu chun chiu dy thay mi nu (1) v (3)(a) trn, vic sn
phi c p dng ph hp vi cc quy nh 23.2.1, n mc c th thc
hin c.
(h) Ph hp vi quy nh (g) trn, phi ch r mt s lng nht nh cc sn v
m c yu cu phi sn ph theo tiu chun sau y:
(i) Phn c sn ph bao gm:
- Tm thnh v tm mp ca cc sn v cc m.
- B mt bn trong ca tn mn, tn kt hng v kt nh mn vi b rng
khng nh hn 100 mm t tm thnh ca sn n mc c th thc hin
c
(ii) Phi sn ph EPOXY hoc tng ng.
(i) Trong mi trng hp, tt c cc b mt c sn phi c phun ct trc khi
sn.
(k) Khi cc sn c tit din i xng hoc tit din c mp b c thay mi th t
s ca chiu rng trn chiu dy ca tm mp hoc mp b phi tho mn yu
cu mc 29.6.1-7.
(6) Bin php gia cng
(a) Vic gia cng phi c thc hin bng cch t cc m chng vn phn
di v gia nhp ca sn (xem Hnh 2A/29.16). Cc m chng vn c th t
mi sn th hai, nhng cc m phn di v gia nhp phi c t ni lin
gia cc cp sn xen k.
(b) Chiu dy ca m chng vn phi khng c nh hn chiu dy khi ng mi
ca tm thnh ca sn v chng c gn vo.
(c) ng hn lin tc kp c chp nhn i vi cc lin kt ca m chng vn
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

476
vi sn v tn mn.
(7) Khi tt c cc sn mt hoc nhiu khoang c yu cu phi thay mi th vic
tho mn yu cu 29.6 c th c chp nhn thay cho vic tho mn cc yu cu
Chng ny.

Hnh 2A/29.16 M chng vn
3 Tiu chun kim tra bn
(1) Ni chung, cc ti trng phi c tnh ton cho cc iu kin ti trng di y v
vic kim tra bn phi c tin hnh cho cc sn pha trc, pha sau v
gia ca mi khoang. Quy cch yu cu i vi cc sn cc v tr trung gian c
xc nh bng ni suy tuyn tnh gia cc kt qu tnh ton ca cc sn nu trn.
Khi quy cch ca cc sn trong mt khoang khng ng nht, quy cch yu cu phi
c tnh i vi sn gia ca mi nhm c cng quy cch. Quy cch yu cu i
vi cc sn v tr trung gian phi c xc nh bng cch ni suy tuyn tnh gia
cc kt qu ca cc sn tnh.
(a) Cc iu kin ti trng ng nht khi ch hng nng (t trng ca hng ri khng
nh hn 1,78 t/m
3
), nu ch cc hng nng nh vy
(b) iu kin ti trng ng nht khi ch hng nh (t trng ca hng ri nh hn
1,78 t/m
3
)
(c) iu kin ti trng khng ng nht khi ch hng nng, nu p dng (khng cn
xt n iu kin bc xp hng nhiu cng).
(2) M hnh ti trng
Cc lc ct P
fr,a
v P
fr,b
(k/N) phi c xt n khi kim tra bn ti tit din a) v b)
ca sn quy nh Hnh 2A/29.14 (Trong trng hp cc m bn di l dng ri,
tit din b) nh ca m di), c cho bi:
P
fr,a
= P
s
+max(P
1
, P
2
)
P
fr,b
=P
fr,a
(h-2h
B
)/h
Trong :
P
s
: Lc nc tnh (k/N) xc nh theo (a) hoc (b) sau y:
Mt khong t tit din
b) quy nh Hnh
2A/29.14 nhng khng
ln hn 200 mm
M chng vn
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

477
(a) Khi mt trn ca nhp sn h (xem Hnh 2A/29.14) nm pha di ng
nc ti trng:
S,U S,L
S
P P
P sh
2
| | +
=
|
|
\ .

(b) Khi mt trn ca nhp sn h (xem Hnh 2A/29.14) nm pha trn ng
nc ti trng:
S,L
S
P
P sh'
2
| |
=
|
\ .

P
1
: Lc tc dng ca sng (kN), trong iu kin sng trc din tu
1,U 1,L
1
P P
P sh
2
+ | |
=
|
\ .

P
2
: Lc tc dng ca sng (kN), trong iu kin sng ngang tu
2,U 2,L
2
P P
P sh
2
+ | |
=
|
\ .

h, h
B
: Tng ng l nhp sn v chiu di cnh m di (m) quy nh Hnh
2A/29.14 v Hnh 2A/29.15
h : Khong cch (m) gia mt di ca sn v ng nc ti trng
s : Khong cch sn (m)
P
S,U
, P
S,L
: Tng ng l p lc nc tnh (kN/m
2
) ti mt trn v mt di ca
nhp sn h (xem Hnh 2A/29.13)
P
1,U
, P
1,L
: Tng ng l p lc sng (kN/m
2
) mt trn v mt di ca nhp
sn h quy nh (a) di y
P
2,U
, P
2,L
: Tng ng l p lc sng (kN/m
2
) mt trn v mt di ca nhp
sn h quy nh (b) di y
(a) p lc sng P
1
:
(i) p lc sng P
1
trn ng nc v pha di ng nc ly bng:
1 11
B
P 1,5 P 135 1,2(d z)
2(B 75)
(
= +
(
+

(kN/m
2
)
11 s f
P 3K C K = +
(ii) p lc sng P
1
pha trn ng nc, ly bng:
P
1
=P
1wl
7,5 (z-d) (kN/m
2
)
(b) p lc sng P
2
:
(i) p lc sng P
2
trn ng nc v pha di ng nc ly bng:
r f
2 B
50c 0,5B k z
P 13 0,5B C (0,7 2
2(B 75) 14 d
+ (
= + +
(
+

(kN/m
2
)
(ii) p lc sng P
2
pha trn ng nc ly bng:
P
2
=P
2wl
5 (z-d) (kN/m
2
)
Trong :
P
1wl
: p lc sng (kN/m
2
) P
1
trn ng nc
P
2wl
: p lc sng (kN/m
2
) P
2
trn ng nc,
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

478
L
1
: Chiu di tu (m) quy nh 13.2.1-1 Phn 2A
B : Chiu rng tu (m) quy nh 1.2.22 Phn 1A
C
B
: H s bo C
b
quy nh 13.2.1-1 Phn 2A
d : Chiu chm ti trng thit k ln nht (m) quy nh 1.2.30 Phn 1A
1,5
1
300 L
C 10,75
100
| |
=
|
\ .

nu 90m L
1
300m
C =10,75 nu L
1
>300m
r
r
2k
C 1,25 0,025 k
GM
| |
=
|
\ .

k = 1,2 i vi cc tu khng c vy gim lc
k = 1,0 i vi cc tu c vy gim lc
k
r
: Bn knh lc trn. Nu gi tr thc t ca k
r
cha xc nh c, th
c th ly tr s tnh theo a) hoc b) sau y:
a) k
r
=0,39 B i vi tu m khi lng phn b u theo tit din
ngang (v d ti trng hng nng xen k hoc ti trng hng nh
ng nht).
b) k
r
=0,25 B i vi tu m khi lng phn b khng u theo tit
din ngang (v d ti trng hng nng ng nht).
GM =0,12 B nu gi tr thc ca GM cha xc nh dc
z : Khong cch thng ng (m) t ng chun n im t ti
s B
B
0,83
k C
C
= + ti mt sau ca L
1

k
s
=C
B
vng gia 0,2 L
1
v 0,6 L
1
t mt sau ca L
1

s B
B
1,33
k C
C
= + ti mt trc ca L
1

i vi v tr nm gia cc im xc nh ni trn, k
s
c ni suy tuyn tnh.
k
f
=0,8 C
(3) ng sut cho php
ng sut thng
a
o v ng sut ct
a
t cho php (N/mm
2
) sn mn ngoi v m
c cho nh sau:
F a
, 9 0 =

a F
0,4 t = o
Trong :
o
F
: Gii hn chy ngng trn ti thiu ca vt liu (N/mm
2
) nu Phn 7A.
(4) Kim tra bn ct
Khi phn di ca sn nh quy nh Hnh 2A/29.14 t
M
s t
COAT
th phi tin hnh
kim tra bn ct ph hp vi cc yu cu sau y. Chiu dy t
REN,S
(mm) l tr s
ln hn trong cc tr s t
REN,Sa
v t
REN,Sb
xc nh t kt qu kim tra bn ct ti tit
din a) v b) (xem Hnh 2A/29.15) theo cng thc sau, nhng khng cn ly ln hn
0,75 t
S12
.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

479
Ti tit din a) :
s fr,a
REN,Sa
a a
1000k P
t
d sin
=
t

Ti tit din b) :
s fr,b
REN,Sb
b a
1000k P
t
d sin
=
t

Trong :
k
s
: H s phn b lc ct, c ly bng 0,6
P
fr,a
, P
fr,b
: Cc lc xc nh nh (2) trn
d
a
,d
b
: Tng ng l chiu cao tit din tm thnh ca m v sn ti cc
tit din a) v b) (mm) (xem Hnh 2A/29.15)
Trong trng hp cc m ri (khng lin), d
b
c ly bng chiu cao nh nht
ca tit din tm thnh ca sn sau khi tr i cc l hn.
: Gc to thnh gia tm thnh ca sn v tn bao mn ()
a
t : ng sut tip cho php (N/mm
2
) quy nh (3) trn
(5) Kim tra bn un
(a) Khi chiu di cnh hoc chiu cao tit din ca m di khng tha mn yu cu
29.6.2-7, m un chng un tit din (cm
3
) thc ca cc m v sn tit din
a) v b) phi khng nh hn :
Ti tit din a) :
fr,a
a
a a
1000P h
Z
m
=
o

Ti tit din b) :
fr,a
b
b a
1000P h
Z
m
=
o

Trong :
P
fr,a
: Lc quy nh (2) trn
h : Nhp sn (m) quy nh (3) trn
o
a
: ng sut un cho php (N/mm
2
) quy nh ngha (3) trn
m
a
, m
b
: H s m men un cho Bng 2A/29.23
(b) M un chng un tit din thc ca m v sn c tnh i vi trc song song
vi tn mp km, trn c s chiu dy o c. tnh ton, c th dng tr s
chiu dy thay th khc, vi iu kin cc chiu dy ny khng c nh hn:
(i) t
REN
i vi chiu dy tm thnh
(ii) Chiu dy ti thiu cho php theo tiu chun thay th i vi tm mp v tn
mp km.
(c) Chiu rng mp km c ly bng khong cch sn, o dc theo tn v ti
gia nhp h.
(d) Nu m un chng un tit din thc ti tit din a) v b) nh hn tr s Z
a
v Z
b

th sn v m phi c thay mi hoc gia cng sao cho m un chng
un tit din thc tng ng khng nh hn 1,2 Z
a
v 1,2 Z
a
. Trong trng hp
nh vy, vic thay mi hoc gia cng tm mp phi i xung qu phn di ca
sn nh Hnh 2A/29.14

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

480
Bng 2A/29.23 H s m men un m
a
v m
b
m
b

m
a

h
B
s 0,08h h
B
=0,1h h
B
> 0,125h
Cc khoang trng ca tu c duyt
s dng trong cc iu kin ti trng
khng ng nht
10 17 19 22
Cc trng hp khc 12 20 22 26
Ch thch
1 iu kin ti trng khng ng nht ngha l iu kin ti trng m t s gia t s xp
hng cao nht v t s xp hng thp nht, tnh cho mi khoang, vt qu 1,20 tnh cho
cc hng ho t trng khc nhau.
2 Vi cc tr s trung gian ca chiu di h
B
ca m, h s m
b
c xc nh bng ni suy
tuyn tnh gia cc tr s trong bng.
29.11.5 Cc np ming khoang hng bng thp kn nuc
1 Thi hn hiu lc
i vi cc tu c ng hoc hon ci c boong n, c cc kt nh mn v cc kt
hng trong vng khoang hng v c d nh ch yu ch x hng kh, c hp ng
ng vo trc ngy 01 thng 01 nm 2004, cc np khoang ming khoang hng bng
thp kn nc bng thp cho cc ming khoang nm ton b hoc mt phn trong phm vi
0,25 L
f
tnh t mt trc ca L
1
phi ph hp vi cc quy nh 29.11.5-2 v -3 theo thi
hn nu trong Bng 2A/29.21. Khng ph thuc vo nhng quy nh trn, cc np ming
khoang hng khng phi l cc np ming ca khoang hng gn mi nht v cc hm
hng th hai khng cn thit phi p dng nhng quy nh ny. Chiu di L
1
l chiu di
c nh ngha 13.2.1-1.
2 Thit b kha
Phi t cc thit b hu hiu c ng kim chp nhn kha cht kn thi tit cho
cc np ming khoang hng bng thp kn thi tit.
3 Thit b hm
i vi cc np ming khoang hng bng thp kn thi tit, phi t cc thit b hu hiu
c ng kim chp nhn hm, gi cho np chu c cc lc nm ngang tc dng
ln mt trc v ln cnh ca cc tm np.
29.11.6 Hn ch i bin vi bt k khoang trng no
1 Quy nh chung
(1) Cc tu hng ri c chiu di L
f
t 150 m tr ln, kt cu mn n, ch x cc hng
ri c t trng t 1,78 t/m
3
tr ln, trong giai on bt u ng mi t trc ngy
01 thng 7 nm 1999, phi khng c i bin vi bt k khoang trng no khi iu
kin ton ti sau khi t 10 tui. Khi p dng yu cu ny, trng thi c bt k
khoang trng no ngha l trng thi khoang hng c xp nh hn 10% ti trng
cho php ln nht ca khoang. Trng thi ton ti nu trong mc ny l trng thi ti
bng hoc ln hn 90% trng ti ca tu mn kh n nh tng ng.
(2) Khng ph thuc vo quy nh (1) trn, cc tu hng ri tho mn cc yu cu v
sc bn chu c ngp bt k khoang hng no nh quy nh 29.10.2,
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

481
29.10.3 v 29.10.4 v c kt cu mn tho mn yu cu ca ng kim th c th i
bin vi bt k khoang hng no b trng.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

482
CHNG 30 TU CNG TE N
30.1 Quy nh chung
30.1.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Kt cu v trang thit b ca nhng tu c thit k ng k l Tu cng te n phi
theo nhng yu cu ca Chng ny.
2 Ngoi nhng yu cu c bit ca Chng ny, nhng yu cu chung i vi kt cu v
trang thit b ca tu thp cng phi c p dng cho Tu cng te n.
3 Nhng yu cu ca Chng ny c p dng cho cc tu c boong n, c y i
khoang hng, c boong v y kt cu theo h thng dc.
4 Nhng Tu cng te n c kt cu khc vi quy nh -3 khng p dng nhng yu cu
ca Chng ny phi c ng kim xt duyt ring.
30.1.2 Tnh ton trc tip bn
Theo tha thun ca ng kim, kch thc ca kt cu c th c xc nh bng
phng php tnh ton trc tip. Nu kch thc c cu xc nh bng phng php tnh
ton trc tip ln hn kch thc yu cu Chng ny th phi dng kch thc tnh
c bng tnh ton trc tip.
30.2 bn dc
30.2.1 bn un
M un chng un ca tit din ngang thn tu phi c ly nh c quy nh 13.2.
Tuy nhin, nu tit din ngang thn tu thay i hnh dng nhiu th phi quan tm thch
ng chng bin dng un cho thn tu.
30.2.2 bn xon
Nu chiu rng ca ming khoang ln hn 0,7 B th phi c bit quan tm n ng sut
v bin dng b sung ca ming khoang do xon. Tuy nhin, nu tu c hai hay nhiu dy
ming khoang th khong cch gia cc ng ngoi cng ca cc ming khoang phi
c ly l chiu rng ming khoang.
30.3 Kt cu y i
30.3.1 Quy nh chung
1 Kt cu ca y i trong khoang chu ti trng do cng ten n qu mc phi theo yu cu
30.3. Nu khng c quy nh no khc 30.3, kt cu ny cng phi ph hp vi yu
cu Chng 4.
2 Trong y i phi t cc sng ph hoc ngang c di nhng gc ca cng te
n, hoc y i phi c kt cu sao cho chu c ti trng t cc cng te n.
30.3.2 Dm dc
1 M un chng un tit din ca dm dc y di phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

483
cng thc sau:
2
B
100C
(d 0,026L')Sl
24 15,5f
+
(cm
3
)
Trong :
C : H s c cho di y:
1,0 : Nu gia khong cch ca cc ngang y khng c thanh chng
quy nh 30.3.3.
0,625 : Nu gia khong cch ca cc ngang y c thanh chng quy nh
30.3.3.
Tuy nhin, nu chiu rng ca np ng t ngang y v chiu rng ca
thanh chng l c bit ln th h s C c th c gim thch ng.
f
B
: T s m un chng un ca tit din ngang thn tu yu cu Chng 13 chia
cho m un chng un thc ca tit din ngang thn tu ly i vi y.
L : Chiu di tu (m). Tuy nhin, nu L ln hn 230 mt th phi c ly L bng
230 mt.
2 M un chng un ca tit din dm dc y trn phi khng nh hn 75% m un chng
un ca tit din quy nh cho dm dc y di vng .
Nu c t thanh chng thng ng th din tch tit din ca n phi khng nh hn tr s
0,9CSb(d 0,026L') + (cm
2
)
Trong :
C : H s tnh theo cng thc sau y. Tuy nhin, trong mi trng hp, C phi
khng nh hn 1,43:
s
1
l
1 0,5
k

Trong :
l
s
: Chiu di thanh chng (m).
k : Bn knh qun tnh ti thiu ca tit din thanh chng tnh theo cng
thc sau y:
I
A

Trong :
4
).
A : Din tch tit din ca thanh chng (cm
2
).
b : Chiu rng ca din tch bi thanh chng (m).
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

484
1 Chiu dy ca tn y trn phi theo yu cu 4.5.1-1. Tuy nhin, khi p dng cng thc
th hai ca yu cu , h phi c tnh theo cng thc:
0
1,13(d d )
Trong :
d
0
2 Tn y trn tip xc vi gc ca cng te n phi c gia cng bng tm kp hoc
bng mt bin php thch hp khc.
30.4 Kt cu mn kp
30.4.1 Quy nh chung
1 khoang hng, kt cu mn phi c gng l kt cu mn kp v phi c gia cng
bng cc sng ngang mn v sng dc mn t trong mn kp.
2 Kt cu mn kp phi theo cc yu cu Chng 11, ngoi nhng quy nh 30.4 ny.
3 Nu mn kp c dng lm kt su th kt cu mn kp phi theo yu cu Chng 12
cng vi nhng yu cu 30.4.
4 Cc sng dc mn phi c t theo cc khong cch thch hp c xt n chiu su
ca khoang. Sng ngang mn phi c t trong mt sn c ngang c ca y i.
5 Nu vng hng chiu rng ca mn kp thay i th kch thc cc c cu ca mn kp
phi tha mn yu cu ca ng kim.
6 Nu c cc kt cu hu hiu cc kt cu boong v kt cu mn c t trong vng
gia khoang th cc yu cu 30.4 c th c thay i thch ng.
7 Nu chiu cao t ng nc ch hng thit k cc i n boong tnh ton l c bit
ln th kch thc c cu phi tha mn yu cu ca ng kim.
8 ch m tn mn trong lin kt vi tn y trn phi quan tm trnh hin tng tp trung
ng sut.
9 on u v on cui ca kt cu mn kp phi quan tm thch ng n s lin tc
ca kt cu v bn.
30.4.2 Sng ngang mn v sng dc mn
1 Chiu dy ca sng ngang mn phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cc cng thc sau
y, ly tr s no ln hn:
H
1
1
CSl
t 0,083 (d 0,038L') 2,5
d a
= + +
(mm)
2
1 1
3
2
d (t 2,5)
t 8,6 2,5
k
= + (mm)
3 2
t 8,5S 2,5 = + (mm)
Trong :
C : c tnh theo cng thc: ( )
1 T 2 3
C C C C = +|
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

485
C
1
v C
2
: c ly theo Bng 2A/30.1 ph thuc tr s h/l
H
. Vi cc tr s trung
gian ca h/l
H
th C
1
v C
2
h : Khong cch thng ng t mt y trn n boong tnh ton o mn (m).
l
H
1
v C
2

h/l
H
s 0,5 0,75 1,00 1,25 1,50 > 1,75
C
1

C
2

0,18
0,05
0,21
0,08
0,24
0,09
0,25
0,10
0,26
0,11
0,27
0,12
T
| : Tnh theo cng thc sau y:
2
S
T
0
2
S
0
1 1
B
0,42 0,5
D
1
d
D
d
2
0,59 1,0
B d d
| |
|
\ .
| = +
| |
+
|
\ .

d
0
: Chiu cao tit din sng chnh y (m).
d
1
: Chiu cao tit din sng ngang mn (m). Tuy nhin, nu bn thnh c
gn nhng np t theo chiu di ca sng th d
1
trong cc cng thc
tnh t
1
v t
2
c th c ly bng khong cch gia cc np.
C
3
: Tnh theo cng thc sau y nhng khng c nh hn 0,2:
3
y
C 1 1,8
h
=
Trong , y l khong cch t mt di ca h n v tr ang xt (m).
S : Chiu rng ca din tch c bi sng ngang mn (m).
a : Chiu cao ca cc l khot v tr ang xt (m).
L : Chiu di ca tu. Tuy nhin, nu L ln hn 230 mt th ly L bng 230 mt.
k : H s ly theo Bng 2A/30.2 ph thuc vo t s ca khong cch S
1
(m) ca cc
np t theo phng chiu cao tit din ca sng bn thnh ca sng ngang
mn v d
1
1
/d
1
tr s ca k c tnh theo php ni
suy tuyn tnh.
S
2
: S
1
hoc d
1
, ly tr s no nh hn.
Bng 2A/30.2 H s k
S
1
/d
1
s 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,5 > 2,0
k 60,0 40,0 26,8 20,0 16,4 14,4 13,0 12,3 11,1 10,2
2 Chiu dy ca sng dc mn phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cc cng thc sau y,
ly tr s no ln hn:
H
1
1
CSl
t 0,083 (d 0,038L') 2,5
d a
= + +
(mm)
2
1 1
3
2
d (t 2,5)
t 8,6 2,5
k
= + (mm)
3 2
t 8,5S 2,5 = + (mm)
Trong :
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

486
C : c tnh theo cng thc: ( )
1 L 2 3
C C C C = |
C
1
v C
2
: c ly theo Bng 2A/30.3 ph thuc tr s h/l
H
. Vi cc tr s trung
gian ca h/l
H
th C
1
v C
2
1
v C
2

h/l
H
s 0,5 0,75 1,00 1,25 > 1,50
C
1

C
2

0,20
0,07
0,24
0,05
0,26
0,03
0,26
0,01
0,26
0,00
L
| : Tnh theo cng thc sau y:
2
S
L
0
2
S
0
1 1
B
0,18 0,5
D
1
d
D
d
2
0,59 1,0
B d d
| |
|
\ .
| = +
| |
+
|
\ .

l
H
, h, d
0
v L: Nh quy nh -1.
d
1
: Chiu cao tit din ca sng dc mn (m). Tuy nhin, nu tm thnh c
gn np theo phng chiu di ca sng th d
1
trong cc cng thc tnh t
1
v
t
3
c th c ly bng chiu cao c phn chia bi cc np .
C
3
: c tnh theo cng thc sau y :
3
H
2x
C 1
l
=
x : Khong cch t mt ca l
H
n v tr ang xt (m).
S : Chiu rng ca din tch c bi sng dc mn (m).
a : Chiu cao ca cc l khot ti v tr ang xt (m).
k : H s ly theo Bng 2A/30.2 ph thuc t s khong cch S
1
(m) ca cc np
t theo phng chiu cao tit din ca sng bn thnh ca sng dc mn,
chia cho d
1
1
/d
1
, tr s k c tnh theo php ni
suy tuyn tnh.
S
2
: S
1
hoc d
1
, ly tr s no nh hn.
30.4.3 Kt cu mn trong
Nu mn kp c dng lm kt su cha nc th chiu dy ca tn mn trong v m
un chng un ca tit din np dc phi khng nh hn cc tr s tng ng tnh theo
cc cng thc sau y:
(1) Chiu dy ca tn mn trong:
3,6CS h 3,0 + (mm)
Trong :
h : Khong cch thng ng t trung im ca khong cch gia y trn v
nh ng trn, n cnh di ca tm tn mn trong (m). Tuy nhin, nu tn
mn trong to thnh khoang ln th phi xt n p sut b sung ca nc.
C : H s c tnh nh sau, ty thuc h thng gia cng tn mn trong:
(a) H thng ngang:
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

487
.2
27,7
767 o

Trong :
: Tr s tnh theo cc cng thc sau y, ly tr s no ln hn:
B
B
y
15,5f 1
y
| |
|
\ .
nu y s y
B

B
D
y y
15,5f
Y '
| |
|
\ .
nu y > y
B

1
d
k 1 2
B
| |
|
\ .

f
B
: Nh quy nh 30.3.2-1.
y : Khong cch thng ng t mt trn ca tn gia y n
cnh di ca tm tn mn trong (m).
y
B
: Khong cch thng ng t mt tn trn ca gia y n
trc trung ha nm ngang ca tit din ngang thn tu
(m).
f
D
: T s ca m un chng un ca tit din ngang thn tu
yu cu Chng 13 chia cho m un chng un thc
ca tit din ngang thn tu ly i vi boong tnh ton.
Y' : Tr s ln hn trong cc tr s quy nh 13.2.3 (5) (a)
hoc (b).
k : c quy nh nh sau ty thuc tr s ca L. Vi cc tr
s trung gian ca L, tr s k c tnh theo php ni suy
tuyn tnh:
6 nu L nh hn v bng 230 mt
10,5 nu L bng v ln hn 400 mt
d
1
: Chiu rng ca mn kp (m).
(b) H thng dc:
3,72
27,7 o

Trong , nh quy nh (a)
Nhng C phi khng nh hn 1,0.
Tuy nhin, nu trong iu kin khai thc tn mn trong khng tip xc vi nc bin
th chiu dy ca n c th c gim 0,5 mi-li-mt so vi yu cu ni trn.
(2) M un chng un ca tit din np dc gia cng tn mn trong:
2
1 2 3
125C C C Shl (cm
3
)
Trong :
C
1
: H s c xc nh theo tr s ca L nh sau:
C
1
=1,0 nu L khng ln hn 230 m
C
1
=1,07 nu L khng nh hn 230 m
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

488
Vi cc tr s trung gian ca L th C
1
c xc nh bng cch ni suy tuyn
tnh
C
2
:
18
1
, tuy nhin, i vi h
1
th C
2
phi ph hp vi cng thc sau:
2
1
C
24
=
o
, tuy nhin, C
2
phi ly khng nh hn
18
1

o : Nh quy nh 30.4.3(1)(a)
C
3
: Xc nh theo Bng 2A/32.5
h : h
1
v h
2
di y
h
1
: Khong cch thng ng t trung im ca khong cch gia tn y
trn v nh ng trn n trung im khong cch gia cc np nm k
pha trn v pha di np ang xt (m).
h
2
( )
2 1
h 0,85 h h = + A (m)
h A : Xc nh theo cng thc sau:
( ) ( )
t t
16
h l 10 0,25 b 10
L
A = + (m)
l
t
: Chiu di kt (m)
b
t
: Chiu rng kt (m)
l : Khong cch gia cc sng (m).
3

Mt mt
Mt kia
Lin kt cng
bng m
Lin kt mm
bng m
c bi sng
hoc hn ta
Lin kt cng bng m 0,7 1,15 0,85
Lin kt mm bng m 1,15 0,85 1,30
c bi sng hoc hn ta 0,85 1,30 1,00
Ch thch:
1 Lin kt cng bng m l lin kt bng m ca np vi y trn hoc vi mt np c
bn tng ng gn vi tm mp ca cc c cu k cn, hoc lin kt c bn tng
ng (Xem Hnh 2A/11.1(a) ca Quy chun).
2 Lin kt mm bng m l lin kt bng m ca np vi cc c cu ngang nh x boong,
sn, hoc c cu tng t (Xem Hnh 2A/11.1(b) ca Quy chun).
30.4.4 M
M phi c t gc trn v gc di bn trong kt cu mn kp, ti mi mt sn
nu l h thng kt cu ngang v theo khong cch thch hp gia cc sng ngang mn
nu l h thng kt cu dc.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

489
30.5 Vch ngang
30.5.1 Kt cu
Vch ngang phi c kt cu sao cho c chc chn ti cc v tr boong. Nu chiu
rng ca vch l c bit ln th phn trn ca vch ngang phi c gia cng thch
ng bng nhng kt cu dng hp hoc bng cc bin php khc.
30.5.2 on vch
Nu nhng on vch khng kn nc c t trong khoang hng th kt cu v kch
thc cc c cu ca chng phi sao cho c bn v cng c xt n kch thc
ca khoang hng v chiu cao ca on vch v.v...
30.6 Kt cu boong
30.6.1 Boong bn trong ng cc ming khot boong
Quy cch ca cc c cu boong bn trong ng cc ming khot boong lin quan n
bin dng un trong mt phng ca boong phi khng nh hn tr s tnh ton theo cc
cng thc sau y. Khi tnh ton m un chng un v m men qun tnh ca tit din,
phn boong bn trong ng cc ming khot boong phi c coi l tm thnh v
thnh ngang u ming khoang c coi l tm mp. Nu c nhng kt cu hp v kt
cu tng t th s hng th hai trong cng thc chiu dy tn boong phi c ly bng
5,0.
(1) Chiu dy tn boong (k c tm y ca kt cu hp):
2
v c
1
c
l l
0,00417C 2,5
w
| |
+
|
\ .
(mm)
Trong :
l
v
: Khong cch t mt tn y trn n boong vch o ng tm tu (m).
l
c
: Chiu rng ca ming khoang (m). Tuy nhin, nu c hai hoc nhiu dy
ming khoang th phi ly chiu rng ca ming khoang rng nht.
w
c
: Chiu rng ca boong trong ng cc ming khot boong (m).
C
1
: c ly theo Bng 2A/30.5 theo tr s . Vi cc tr s trung gian ca ,
tr s ca C
1
1
v C
2

s 0,5 >1,50
C
1

C
2

1,00
0,50
0,37
0,10

: c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
I
I
v
4
c
3
c v
3
0,5l
4Sl

S : Khong cch cc sng ng ca vch ngang (m).
I
v
: M men qun tnh ca tit din sng ng ca vch ngang (cm
4
)
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

490
I
c
: M men qun tnh ca tit din boong trong ng ming khot
boong (cm
4
).
(2) M un chng un ca tit din:
2 2
2 v c
1,43C l l (cm
3
)
Trong :
C
2
: c cho Bng 2A/30.5 ph thuc tr s . Vi cc tr s trung gian ca
o, tr s C
2
o, l
v
v l
c
: Nh quy nh (1).
(3) M men qun tnh ca tit din:
I
4
c
v
3
v
l
0,38
Sl
(cm
4
)
Trong :
S, I
v
, I
c
v I
v
: Nh quy nh (1).
30.6.2 Thanh ging
1 Nu chiu di ca ming khoang l ln so vi chiu rng ca ming khoang th ming
khoang phi t nhng thanh ging theo nhng khong cch thch hp.
2 Nu v tr cc thanh ging trong khoang khng c nhng kt cu hu hiu chu ti t
mn v boong th phi c bit quan tm n kch thc ca thanh ging.
30.6.3 S lin tc ca chiu dy tn boong
Phi quan tm n s lin tc ca chiu dy tn boong, trnh s chnh lch qu ln gia
cc chiu dy bn trong v bn ngoi ng cc ming khot boong.
30.7 Kt cu cng te n
30.7.1 Quy nh chung
1 Kt cu cng te n phi sao cho truyn c ti trng xung kt cu y i, kt cu
mn v vch ngang.
2 bn ca kt cu cng te n phi chu c ti trng t y v mn tu v ti
trng t cc cng te n c .
30.8 Gia cng ti v tr loe rng c bit
30.8.1 Tm v
Tm v mn vng loe rng c bit phi c quan tm gia cng hu hiu chng
li p lc va p ca sng ti mi tu.
30.8.2 Cc sn
Cc sn c t ti v tr mi loe rng ang xt, chu p lc va p ca sng, phi c
gia cng thch ng v cc mt sn phi c lin kt chc chn.
30.8.3 Cc sng
Cc sng c t ti v tr mi loe rng ang xt, chu p lc va p ca sng, phi c
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

491
gia cng thch ng v cc mt sng phi c lin kt chc chn.
30.9 Hn
30.9.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Mi hn gc phi p dng cho cc c cu dc c tm thnh chiu dy t trn 40 mm n
80mm dng cho boong tnh ton hoc dng cho mn v vch dc t v tr 0,25 D pha
di boong tnh ton tr ln.
2 Nu c cu dc c tm thnh chiu dy trn 80 mm c s dng th kiu v kch thc
ca mi hn phi tho mn yu cu ca ng kim.
30.9.2 Mi hn gc
1 Mi hn gc phi lin tc
2 Kch thc ca mi hn gc phi khng nh hn 8 mm.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

492
CHNG 31 KIM SOT TAI NN TU HNG KH
31.1 Quy nh chung
31.1.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Nhng quy nh Chng ny c p dng cho tu hng kh chy tuyn quc t c
tng dung tch t 500 tr ln.
2 Tu hng kh l tu hng khng phi l tu ch hng lng.
31.2 Kim sot tai nn
31.2.1 Ca kn nc
1 Cc ca kn nc, tr nhng ca thng xuyn ng khi tu trn bin, phi c trang b
thit b ch bo ch r ca ang m hay ng trn bung li v tt c cc v tr iu
khin ng m.
2 Thit b in dng cho cc ca kn nc quy nh -1, tr loi chu nc c ng
kim xt duyt, khng c t di boong mn kh.
31.2.2 Ca hng ha v cc l khot tng t khc
i vi ca mi, ca ui hoc ca mn c yu cu kn nc, thit b ch bo ch r
cc ca ang m hay ng phi c t lu li. Tuy nhin, yu cu ny c th c
ng kim min gim nu thy tha ng.
31.3 Ti liu v s kim sot tai nn
31.3.1 S kim sot tai nn
1 S kim sot tai nn c ng kim xt duyt phi c c nh v lun lun
sn sng lu li hng dn cho s quan trc ca.
2 S kim sot tai nn phi th hin r c cho tng boong, cho tng khoang, cc ranh
gii ca cc phn khoang kn nc, cc l khot trn cng vi cc phng tin ng
kn (k c v tr ca cc thit b iu khin trn ), v cc bin php khc phc bt k
trng thi nghing no do ngp.
31.3.2 Ti liu
1 Ti liu phi bao gm cc thng tin c ghi s kim sot tai nn.
2 Ti liu phi c t v tr thun tin cho vic s dng ca s quan trc ca.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

493
CHNG 32 HNG DN XP TI V MY TNH KIM SOT TI TRNG
32.1 Quy nh chung
32.1.1 Quy nh chung
1 gip cho thuyn trng ca tu xp hng v dn trnh xut hin ng sut khng
mong i trong kt cu thn tu, trn tu phi c hng dn xp ti c ng kim
ph duyt.
2 Vi cc tu c chiu di L
f
khng nh hn 100 m, nm trong phm vi quy nh (1) v (2)
di y, trn tu phi c my tnh xp ti c ng kim ph duyt.
(1) Cc tu ph hp vi yu cu t Chng 27 n Chng 30 Phn 2A, Phn 8D,
hoc Phn 8E.
(2) Cc tu khc m ng kim thy cn thit.
32.1.2 Hng dn xp ti
1 Hng dn xp ti t nht phi bao gm cc mc sau.
(1) Cc iu kin ti trng m trn c s tu c thit k, bao gm c cc gii hn
cho php ca m men un v lc ct dc chung thn tu trn nc tnh.
(2) Cc kt qu tnh ton m men un v lc ct dc chung thn tu trn nc tnh ng
vi cc iu kin ti trng.
(3) Gii hn cho php ca cc ti trng cc b tc dng ln cc np ming khoang, kt
cu boong, y trn,..., nu ng kim xt thy cn thit.
32.1.3 My tnh kim sot ti trng
1 My tnh kim sot ti trng phi c kh nng tnh c ngay m men un v lc ct dc
chung trn nc tnh trn tu ng vi tt c cc iu kin ti trng xp hng v dn.
My tnh phi c tnh nng v cng dng tha mn yu cu ca ng kim.
2 My tnh xp ti phi c kh nng tin hnh cc tnh nng v cng dng nh c ci t.
3 Hng dn s dng my tnh phi c sn trn tu.
32.2 Nhng yu cu b sung i vi tu hng ri ng mi
32.2.1 Quy nh chung
1 Cc tu hng ri nu cc mc (1) v (2) sau y, c chiu di L
f
t 150 m tr ln phi c
hng dn xp ti v my tnh kim sot ti trng ph hp vi cc yu cu 32.2.2 v
32.2.3.
(1) Cc tu hng ri nh ngha 1.2.9 Phn 1A, c hp ng ng mi vo hoc sau
ngy 01 thng 7 nm 1998.
(2) Cc tu hng ri nh ngha 29.10.1-2(1), c hp ng ng mi vo hoc sau ngy
01 thng 7 nm 2006
2 Khng ph thuc vo cc yu cu -1, cc tu hng ri nh nh ngha 29.10.1-2(1)
nhng khng theo nh ngha 1.2.9 Phn 1A, khng cn p dng cc yu cu
32.2.2-1(4), 32.2.2-2(4) v 32.2.3-1(2). Ngoi ra, cc yu cu mc 32.2.2-1(3) c th
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

494
thay i sao cho hng dn xp ti phi bao gm ti trng ln nht cho php ca khoang.
Cc yu cu mc 32.2.2-2(7) v (8) cng c th c thay i sao cho hng dn xp
ti phi bao gm cc gii hn chung v/hoc hng dn xp ti, bc ti, nhn dn v
x dn c lu n bn ca cc kt cu thn tu.
3 Cc tu hng ri quy nh trong mc -1(2) trn, c chiu di L
f
nh hn 150 m phi c
hng dn xp ti ph hp vi cc yu cu mc 32.2.2. Khng ph thuc vo cc yu
cu trn, cc ni dung phi c trong hng dn xp ti c th ph hp vi yu cu
mc -2 trn.
32.2.2 Hng dn xp ti
1 Hng dn xp ti, ngoi cc mc theo yu cu 32.1.2, phi c thm cc mc sau.
(1) Vi cc tu hng ri theo quy nh 29.10.4, cc kt qu tng hp v cc gii hn
cho php ca m men un v lc ct dc chung thn tu trn nc tnh iu kin
ngp khoang theo yu cu 29.10.4.
Tuy nhin, cc kt qu m ng kim xt thy qu nh, khng nh hng g n
bn ca tu c th c b qua.
(2) Cc khoang hng hoc nhm cc khoang hng c th trng khi tu ton ti.
Nu khng c khoang hng no c php trng trong iu kin ton ti th iu
ny cng phi c lu r rng trong hng dn xp ti.
(3) Trng lng cho php ln nht v trng lng yu cu ti thiu ca hng v lng
hng xp trn y i ca mi khoang hng l hm ca chiu chm v tr gia
khoang hng.
(4) Trng lng cho php ln nht v trng lng yu cu ti thiu ca hng v lng
hng xp trn y i ca hai khoang hng k nhau bt k l hm ca chiu chm
trung bnh.
Chiu chm trung bnh ny c th c tnh bng cch chia trung bnh chiu chm ca
v tr gia ca hai khoang.
(5) Ti trng cho php ln nht trn y i v c tnh t nhin ca hng ha i vi cc
hng khng thuc loi ch x.
Nu tu khng c ph duyt ch cc hng ha khng thuc loi ch x th iu
ny phi c lu r rng trong hng dn xp ti.
(6) Ti trng cho php ln nht trn boong v np hm hng
Nu tu khng c ph duyt ch hng trn boong v np hm hng th iu ny
phi c lu r rng trong hng dn xp ti.
(7) Tc bm dn ln nht cng vi li khuyn l s xp ti phi c s ng
ca ni nhn hng trn c s tc thay i dn c th t c.
(8) T trng ca hng ri i vi yu cu v bn ph hp vi yu cu Chng 29.
Cn lu r rng trong hng dn xp ti nh sau: Nu cc hng ha c t trng
hng ri ln hn tr s theo quy nh c xp ln tu th nh hng ca vic xp ti
ln tu phi c xem xt trc khi xp hng.
Ngy bt u phi p dng cc yu cu (4) l 1 thng 7 nm 1999.
2 Ngoi cc iu kin ti trng nh quy nh 32.1.2, hng dn xp ti phi c thm cc
iu kin ti trng sau y, c chia theo cc iu kin ti trng khi ri bn v khi cp
bn. Nu tu c thit k da trn cc iu kin ti trng (1), (4), (5), (6) v (8) th cc
iu kin ti trng ny phi c trong hng dn xp ti.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

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(1) Cc iu kin ti trng hng nh v hng nng xen k chiu chm ln nht
(2) Cc iu kin ti trng hng nh v nng ng nht chiu chm ln nht
(3) Cc iu kin dn
Cc tu c cc khoang dn k vi cc kt nh mn, kt hng, v kt y i phi c
bn kt cu cho php bm dn cc khoang khi kt nh mn, kt hng v kt
y i trng.
(4) Cc iu kin hnh trnh tuyn ngn nu tu c xp ti n chiu chm ln nht
nhng vi lng hng ri gii hn.
(5) Cc iu kin bc v d hng nhiu cng
(6) Cc iu kin khi ch hng trn boong
(7) Cc trnh t xp hng/bc hng in hnh
L c th trnh t xp hng t lc bt u xp hng n khi tu t n iu kin ton
ti v bt u bc hng t lc tu ton ti cho n khi tu khng ti. Cc trnh t ny
phi a ra c lu v tc xp hng, bn ca tu v kh nng gim dn theo
Bng 2A/32.1 (Mu 1).
(8) Cc trnh t bm dn trn bin
1 Thm vo vi cc yu cu 32.1.3, my tnh kim sot ti trng phi c kh nng khng
nh c rng cc tr s sau y nm trong gii hn cho php.
(1) Trng lng ca hng v lng hng trn y i mi khoang hng bng hm s
ca chiu chm gia khoang.
(2) Trng lng hng v lng hng trn y i ca hai khoang k nhau bt k bng
hm s ca chiu chm trung bnh ca hai khoang ny.
(3) Vi cc tu hng ri nh quy nh 29.10.5, m men un v lc ct trn nc tnh
trong cc iu kin ngp khoang
Ngy bt u phi p dng cc yu cu (2) l 1 thng 7 nm 1999
32.3 Nhng yu cu b sung i vi tu hng ri, tu ch qung v cc tu ch kt
hp ang khai thc
32.3.1 Hng dn xp ti
1 Thm vo vi cc yu cu 32.1.2, i vi cc tu hng ri mn n chiu di khng nh
hn 150 m c hp ng ng mi trc ngy 01 thng 7 nm 1998, hng dn xp ti c
cc trnh t xp hng/bc hng cho 32.2.2-2(7) phi c ng kim ph duyt. Cc tu
hng ri phi c hng dn ny, bao gm c cc trnh t lm hng, trc ngy 01 thng 7
nm 1999. Cc tu hng ri nu tiu mc ny v 32.3.2 l cc tu kt cu boong n,
c kt nh mn v kt hng trong cc khoang hng.
1 Cc tu hng ri, tu ch qung v tu hn hp c chiu di L
f
nh hn 150 m nh quy
nh Chng 28 hoc Chng 29 phi c trang b my tnh kim sot ti trng nh
quy nh 32.2.3, tr cc tu c n ngh kim tra phn cp trong qu trnh ng mi
c gi n ng kim vo hoc sau ngy 01 thng 01 nm 1994.

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MU CHUNG V TRNH T XP HNG/BC HNG

Tn tu Chuyn s iu kin ti .K S ID

9999

Cng
(c trng hoc in hnh) :
iu kin ti khi bt u
xp/bc hng :
Tng lng hng
phi xp/bc :
iu kin ti trng
khi xp/bc xong :
Nc trn tu
t trng (t/m
3
) :
Tc xp/bc
hng ln nht :
Tc xp/bc
hng trung bnh :
S ln
xp/bc :
Tc nhn/x
dn ln nht :
Tc nhn/x
dn trung bnh :

Hm hng s 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Th tch hm (m
3
)
Chiu cao hm (m)
Lu : Khi xp mi m hngcn theo di mbo m men un, lc ct v trng lng hngtrongcc hmkhng vt qu gii hn cho php. Vic
xp/bc hngc th phi dng li dn/gimdn gi cho cc tr s thc t nmtrong gii hn cho php.

Lng hng trong hm hng khi bt u xp hng/bc hng

Lng dn khi bt u nhn/x dn

Bt u xp/bc (trn bin)
Lng hng Mn hoc mi APT No. BT No. BT No. BT No. BT No. BT No. BT No. BT FPT Ln nht
T trng (t/m
3
) Trn
Tl
(m)
Chi
(m)
Tm
(m) S.F (%) B.M(%)
Loi hng Di/mi

THAO TC XP HNG

THC HIN DN Cc tr s sau mi m hng(t cng ra bin)
Ln nht M hng s/loi
hng
Hm Hm
7
Hm
6
Hm
5
Hm
4
Hm
3
Hm
2
Hm
1
Trn
Di/mi

APT
No. BT No. BT No. BT No. BT No. BT No. BT No. BT

FPT
Tl
(m)
Chi
(m)
Tm
(m) S.F (%) S.F (%)
Trn 1
di/mi

Trn 2
di/mi

Trn 3
di/mi

Trn 4
di/mi

Trn 5
di/mi

Trn 6
di/mi

Trn 7
di/mi

Trn 8
di/mi

Trn
di/mi

Tng s hng trn tu (t) : Lng hng cn li cha xp (t) : Tng lng than trn tu
Trn o mn nc
ln 1

di/mi

Trn o mn nc
ln 2

di/mi

Lng hng trong hm khi xp hng/bc hng xong

Lng dn khi nhn/x dn xong

Cc tr s sau khi xp/bc hng(trnbin)
Lng hng Mn hoc mi APT No. BT No. BT No. BT No. BT No. BT No. BT No. BT FPT Ln nht
Trn
Tl
(m)
Chi
(m)
Tm
(m) S.F (%) S.F (%)
Di/mi

Tng s hng xp/
bc (t)

Cc tr s xut hin ln nht trong tt c cc iu kin ti trng trn

Ti trng xp
ln y i

tn/m
3

Ti trng xp ln
hai hm k cn

tn

Ti trng tc dng ln y i = (Mh/V)*h.T (t/m
3
)
Trong: Mh:Trng lng hngtronghm+lng trny i (t)
V : Tng dungtchca hm(m
3
)
h: Chiu cao ca hmtnht y trnn mptrnca
thnhming khoang(m)
T : Chiu chm(m)
Ngi duyt : ..............................................
Ngy : ..............................................

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

497
CHNG 33 PHNG TIN TIP CN
33.1 Quy nh chung
33.1.1 Quy nh chung
1 Cc kt mt, cc kt su, cc khoang cch ly, cc khoang du hng, khoang hng c kt
hng tng i cao v cc khng gian tng t phi c phng tin tip cn, tc l cc
gin, thang a, thang bc hoc phng tin tng t phc v cho kim tra bn trong
mt cch an ton. Tuy nhin, cc phng tin nh vy khng yu cu cc kt li v kt
su ch dng ring cha du nhin liu hoc du bi trn.
2 Khng ph thuc vo yu cu -1 trn, cc khng gian quy nh 33.2 phi tha mn yu
cu 33.2.
33.1.2 Phng tin tip cn cc khoang
1 Vic tip cn an ton cc kt mt, kt su, khoang cch ly, khoang du hng, khoang hng
v cc khng gian tng t, ni chung, phi trc tip t boong h v c phc v bi t
nht mt ming khoang hoc l chui v thang dng tip cn.
2 Khng ph thuc vo -1 trn, vic tip cn an ton cc khng gian pha di ca cc
khng gian c phn chia theo phng thng ng c th thc hin t mt khng gian
khc ty thuc vo vic xem xt kha cnh thng gi.
3 Khng ph thuc vo -1 trn, i vi cc khoang c chiu cao khng ln hn 1,5 m o t
y n mt trn ca boong h ca tu c tng dung tch nh hn 300 khng yu cu phi
c thang c nh.
33.1.3 Phng tin tip cn bn trong cc khoang
1 Cc kt mt, kt su, khoang cch ly, khoang du hng, khoang hng v cc khng gian
kn tng t phi c phng tin tip cn cc kt cu thn tu kim tra.
2 Nu c cc vt cn khng th trnh khi nh l cc c cu thn tu c chiu cao khng
nh hn 600 mm cn tr vic tip cn n cc c cu thn tu trong khoang th cc
phng tin thch hp nh thang tay, thang bc, v.v phi c b tr.
33.1.4 c tnh ca cc phng tin tip cn v thang tay
1 Cc phng tin tip cn phi m bo an ton khi s dng.
2 Cc phng tin tip cn c nh phi c kt cu chc chn.
33.1.5 S phng tin tip cn
S ch r vic b tr cc phng tin tip cn n cc kt mt, kt su, khoang cch ly,
khoang du hng, hm hng c kt hng tng i cao v cc khng gian kn tng t
phi c trn tu.
33.2 Cc yu cu ring i vi cc tu du v tu hng ri
33.2.1 Phm vi p dng
Cc yu cu mc 33.2 ny p dng cho mi khng gian nm trong khu vc hng ho v
cc kt mt ca cc tu du (qui nh 1.2.5-1 Phn 1A c tng dung tch khng nh hn
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500 v cc tu hng ri (quy nh 1.2.9-1 Phn 1A c tng dung tch khng nh hn
20.000) nhng ni quy nh 33.1. Khng ph thuc vo cc quy nh trn, nhng
yu cu trong mc ny, tr cc mc 33.2.3-1 v -2 v 33.2.5-5, -6, v -7 lin quan n vic
tip cn cc khoang/kt, khng cn phi p dng cho cc kt hng ca cc tu ch hn
hp du/ho cht tho mn cc yu cu i vi cc tu ch x ho cht nguy him quy
nh 1.2.7 Phn 1A.
33.2.2 Quy nh chung
Mi khoang trong khu vc hng ha v cc kt mi phi c phng tin tip cn cho php
vic kim tra ton b, kim tra tip cn v o chiu dy ca kt cu tin hnh c trong
iu kin an ton.
33.2.3 Phng tin tip cn cc khoang
1 Phng tin tip cn an ton n mi khoang trong khu vc hng ha v cc kt mi phi
trc tip t boong h v ph hp vi yu cu t (1) n (3) sau y ty thuc vo kiu
ca khoang.
(1) Cc kt, khoang cch ly v cc phn khoang ca cc kt v khoang cch ly c chiu
di khng nh hn 35 m phi c t nht hai ming khoang hoc l chui v thang cch
cng xa nhau cng tt.
(2) Cc kt v khoang cch ly c chiu di nh hn 35 m phi c phc v bi t nht
mt ming khoang hoc mt l chui v thang.
(3) Mi khoang hng phi c t nht hai ming khoang hoc l chui v thang t cch
nhau cng xa cng tt. Ni chung, nhng phng tin tip cn ny phi c b tr
cho nhau chng hn mt phng tin tip cn gn vch trc mn tri th ci kia
phi gn vch sau mn phi. t nht mt trong s hai thang phi l thang nghing tr
trng hp quy nh -3 di y.
2 Khng ph thuc vo quy nh -1 trn, phng tin tip cn an ton ti khng gian y
i, cc kt dn mi hoc khoang bn di ca cc khng gian b tr thng ng c th l
t bung bm, khoang cch ly c chiu cao ln, hm ng, khoang hng, khoang mn kp
hoc khng gian tng t m khng d nh ch du hoc hng nguy him c lu
n vn thng gi.
3 Phn trn cng cnh li vo t boong ca thang dng tip cn vo kt v khoang
cch ly phi thng ng trn mt on khng nh hn 2,5 m nhng khng vt qu 3 m
o t mt di ca chng ngi vt bn trn ch li vo kt, v phi lin vi chiu ngh
nm mt pha ca thang. Tuy nhin, khi c cc phng tin tip cn c nh theo chiu
dc hoc chiu ngang tu t trong phm vi cch mt di ca boong t 1,6 m n 3 m th
phn trn ca thang c th dng cc phng tin tip cn y.
4 Vi cc tu du, cc thang tip cn ti cc khoang du hng v cc khng gian khc trong
khu vc hng ha (tr cc kt mt trc) phi ph hp vi yu cu sau y.
(1) Nu c hai ming khoang hoc l chui v thang tip cn nh qui nh -1(1) trn
th t nht mt thang phi l thang nghing. Tuy nhin, phn trn cng cnh li vo ca
thang phi thng ng ph hp vi qui nh -3 trn.
(2) Nu cc thang khng yu cu phi l thang nghing nh qui nh (1) trn th thang
c th l dng thang ng. Nu khong cch theo phng ng ln hn 6 m th
thang ng phi c ni vi mt hoc nhiu chiu ngh t cch nhau khng qu 6
m theo phng ng v nm mt pha ca cu thang. Phn trn cng cnh li vo
ca thang phi ph hp vi qui nh -3 trn.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

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(3) Nu c ming khoang hoc l chui v thang tip cn nh qui nh -1(2) trn th
thang nghing phi c b tr ph hp vi qui nh (1) trn.
(4) Trong cc khoang mn kp chiu rng nh hn 2,5 m, vic tip cn trong khoang c
th thc hin bng cc thang ng ni vi mt hay nhiu chiu ngh t cch nhau
khng qu 6 m theo phng ng v nm mt pha ca thang. Cc phn lin k ca
thang phi cch nhau v mt bn t nht l bng chiu rng ca thang. Phn trn cng
cnh li vo ca thang phi ph hp vi qui nh -3 trn.
(5) Vic tip cn khng gian t boong n y i c th thc hin bng thang ng i
qua mt ng hm thng ng. Khong cch thng ng t boong ti chiu ngh,
khong cch gia cc chiu ngh, hoc khong cch t chiu ngh n y kt ni
chung phi khng ln hn 6 m tr khi c ng kim chp nhn ring.
5 Vi cc tu hng ri, cc thang tip cn ti cc hm hng v cc khng gian khc trong
khu vc hng ha phi ph hp vi yu cu sau y.
(1) Nu khong cch thng ng gia mt trn ca cc boong lin k hoc gia boong v
y ca khoang hng khng ln hn 6 m, c th dng thang ng hoc thang
nghing.
(2) Mt hoc nhiu thang nghing phi c t mt u ca hm hng nu khong
cch thng ng gia mt trn ca cc boong lin k hoc gia boong v y ca
hm hng ln hn 6 m, tr 2,5 m trn cng ca hm hng o t cc vt cn pha
trn phn 6 m di cng c th dng thang ng vi iu kin phm vi theo chiu
thng ng ca mt hoc nhiu thang nghing ni vi thang ng phi khng nh
hn 2,5 m.
(3) Cc phng tin tip cn hai u ca hm hng cha c quy nh (2) trn c
th to bi nhiu thang ng t so le nhau ni vi mt hoc nhiu chiu ngh t
cch nhau khng qu 6 m theo phng thng ng nm mt pha ca thang. Cc
phn lin k ca thang t cch nhau v mt bn t nht mt chiu rng thang. Phn
trn cng cnh li vo ca thang trc tip trong khoang hng phi thng ng trn
mt on t nht 2,5 m o t vt cn pha trn v ni vi chiu ngh.
(4) Thang ng c th dng lm phng tin tip cn cc kt nh mn nu khong cch
thng ng t boong ti cc phng tin tip cn theo hng dc trong kt, sng dc
mn hoc y ca khng gian nm ngay pha di li vo phi khng ln hn 6 m.
Phn trn cng cnh li vo ca thang ca kt phi thng ng trn mt on bng
2,5 m o t cc vt cn pha trn v phi ni vi chiu ngh ca thang tr khi thang i
xung cc phng tin tip cn theo chiu dc, sng dc mn hoc y kt trong
khong 2,5 m v gn vo mt pha ca thang.
(5) Tr trng hp qui nh (4) trn, thang nghing phi c s dng tip cn n
cc khoang hoc kt nu khong cch thng ng t boong n sng dc mn ngay
bn di li vo, khong cch gia cc sng dc mn hoc khong cch t boong
hoc sng dc mn ti y ca khoang ngay bn di li vo ln hn 6 m.
(6) Trong trng hp nu (5) trn, phn trn cng cnh li vo ca thang phi thng
ng trn mt on 2,5 m tnh t vt cn bn trn v phi dn xung chiu ngh. Mt
cu thang khc phi tip tc i xung t chiu ngh. Cc on thang nghing phi c
chiu di thc khng ln hn 9 m v chiu cao theo phng ng thng thng
khng c ln hn 6 m. Phn di cng ca thang c th thng ng trn mt on
bng 2,5 m.
(7) Trong cc khoang mn kp c chiu rng nh hn 2,5 m, phng tin tip cn ca
khoang c th bng cc thang ng ni vi mt hay nhiu chiu ngh t cch nhau
khng qu 6 m theo phng thng ng v gn vo mt pha ca thang. Cc on
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

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lin k ca thang phi t cnh nhau vi khong cch t thang ny ti thang kia t
nht bng chiu rng thang.
(8) Thang dng xon c c th c xem xt chp nhn thay th cho thang nghing. Khi
, phn 2,5 m trn cng ca thang c th lin tc l thang xon khng cn chuyn
sang thnh thang ng.
33.2.4 Phng tin tip cn bn trong cc khoang
1 i vi cc tu du: Cc khoang du hng v kt nc dn tr trng hp quy nh t -
2 n -8 phi c phng tin tip cn ph hp vi quy nh t (1) n (4) di y.
(1) Vi cc kt c chiu cao bng v ln hn 6 m cc phng tin tip cn c nh phi
c t ph hp vi yu cu t (a) n (f) sau.
(a) Phng tin tip cn c nh lin tc theo chiu ngang tu phi c t mi vch
ngang pha c np, nm cao ti thiu l 1,6 m ti a l 3 m pha di boong.
(b) t nht mt phng tin tip cn c nh lin tc theo chiu di phi c t
mi bn ca kt. Mt trong s cc phng tin tip cn ny phi nm cao
pha di boong ti thiu l 1,6 m ti a l 6 m cn cc phng tin tip cn cn
li phi c t pha di boong ti thiu l 1,6 m ti a l 3 m;
(c) Phng tin tip cn gia cc phng tin quy nh (a) v (b) v t boong
chnh xung cc phng tin quy nh (a) hoc (b) phi c b tr;
(d) Cc phng tin tip cn c nh lin tc theo chiu dc gn lin trn cc c cu
pha c np ca vch dc nm trng v tr vi cc sng nm ca vch ngang,
nu c th, phi c t tip cn ti cc khung ngang t boong chnh v y
kt tr khi cc phng tin c nh lp sn trn cng s dng c nh l cc
phng tin thay th, c ng kim chp nhn, kim tra cc chiu cao
trung gian.
(e) Cc phng tin tip cn c nh theo chiu ngang trn cc thanh ging to
iu kin tip cn c ti cc m vt nhiu ni vi thanh ging c hai
pha ca kt m n c t cc phng tin tip cn c nh theo chiu dc
qui nh (d) i vi tu c thanh ging phi nm cao khng nh hn 6
m pha trn y kt.
(f) Nu c ng kim chp nhn, cc phng tin thay th cho phng tin quy
nh (d) c th c b tr trn cc tu nh c cc kt du hng c chiu cao
nh hn 17 m.
(2) Vi cc kt c chiu cao nh hn 6 m, cc phng tin thay th c ng kim
chp nhn hoc cc phng tin di ng c th c s dng thay cho cc phng
tin tip cn c nh.
(3) Khng ph thuc vo cc quy nh (1) v (2) trn, cc kt khng c kt cu bn
trong khng cn phi c cc phng tin tip cn c nh.
(4) Cc phng tin tip cn c ng kim chp nhn phi c b tr tip cn cc
kt cu di boong, cc khung ngang khe, cc thanh ging ngoi phm vi c th
ti c ca cc phng tin tip cn c nh/di ng nh qui nh (1) v (2) trn.
2 i vi cc tu du: Cc kt dn bn cnh c chiu rng nh hn 5 m to thnh khng
gian mn kp v kt hng phi c phng tin tip cn ph hp vi qui nh t (1) n
(3) di y.
(1) Vi cc khng gian mn kp nm pha trn im gy gc ca phn hng, phng tin
tip cn c nh phi c t ph hp vi yu cu t (a) n (c) di y:
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

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(a) Nu khoang cch thng ng t sng dc mn trn cng n boong khng nh
hn 6 m th mt phng tin tip cn c nh lin tc theo chiu dc phi c
t trn sut chiu di ca kt cho php i xuyn qua cc khung ngang khe, nm
cao t 1,6 m n 3 m pha di boong v c thang tip cn theo phng
thng ng hai u ca kt.
(b) Cc phng tin tip cn c nh lin tc theo chiu dc lp lin trn cc c cu
phi t cch nhau theo phng thng ng khng qu 6 m.
(c) Cc sng dc mn phi c gng t trng v tr vi cc sng nm ca cc vch
ngang.
(2) i vi cc phn ca kt hng c khong cch t y kt n im gy gc khng
nh hn 6 m, mt phng tin tip cn c nh theo chiu dc phi c t trn ton
b chiu di ca kt ph hp vi qui nh (a) v (b) di y. Phi tip cn c
bng cc phng tin tip cn thng ng hai u ca kt.
(a) Cc phng tin tip cn c nh lin tc theo chiu dc c th c t cao
ti thiu l 1,6 m ti a l 3 m pha di im cao nht ca kt hng. Sn ng
m rng t cc phng tip cn c nh lin tc theo chiu dc trn sn kho
c th c s dng tip cn cc vng kt cu quan trng c nhn bit.
(b) Hoc phng tin tip cn c nh lin tc theo chiu dc c th c t
cao ti thiu l 1,2 m pha di nh ca l khot trn sn kho t nht l 1,2 m
c th dng cc phng tin tip cn di ng khi tip cn cc vng kt cu
quan trng c nhn bit.
(3) Nu khong cch thng ng nu (2) nh hn 6 m th cc phng tin tip cn thay
th tho mn yu cu ca ng kim hoc phng tin tip cn di ng c th c
s dng thay cho cc phng tin tip cn c nh. to thun li cho vic s dng
cc phng tin tip cn thay th, phi b tr cc l khot trn cng mt phng vi cc
sng dc mn. Cc l khot phi c ng knh ph hp v phi c cc ro chn bo
v thch hp.
3 i vi cc tu hng ri, cc phng tin tip cn ti cc kt cu trn cao ca boong
ngang (cross deck, phn boong gia hai ming khoang hng) phi c lp ph hp vi
yu cu t (1) n (5) sau y.
(1) Cc phng tin tip cn c nh phi c lp c th tip cn c cc kt cu
trn cao hai bn ca boong ngang v vng gn ng tm tu. Mi phng tin
tip cn phi c th ti c t phng tin tip cn trong khoang hng hoc trc
tip t boong chnh v nm cao pha di boong ti thiu l 1,6 m, ti a l 3 m.
(2) Cc phng tin tip cn c nh theo chiu ngang gn trn cc vch ngang cao
pha di boong ngang ti thiu l 1,6 m, ti a l 3 m c chp nhn tng ng
vi (1).
(3) Vic tip cn ti cc phng tin tip cn n cc c cu trn cao ca boong
ngang c th theo ng vch pha trn.
(4) Cc tu c cc vch ngang c vch ton b, c li vo t trn boong chnh cho
php kim sot tt c cc c cu v tn t bn trong th khng yu cu phi c
phng tin c nh tip cn boong ngang.
(5) Hoc l, cc phng tin tip cn di ng c th c s dng tip cn cc c
cu trn cao ca boong ngang nu khong cch thng ng t boong ngang n y
trn khng ln hn 17 m.
4 i vi cc khoang hng ca tu hng ri, cc phng tin tip cn phi c b tr ph
hp vi yu cu t (1) n (6) sau y.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

502
(1) Cc phng tin tip cn c nh thng ng phi c b tr trong tt c cc khoang
hng v gn lin vi c cu cho php kim tra ti thiu 25% tng s cc sn
khoang phn b u mn phi v mn tri trong ton b khoang bao gm c hai u
khoang khu vc cc vch ngang. Nhng trong bt k trng hp no cng phi b
tr khng t hn 3 phng tin tip cn c nh thng ng lp trn mi mn (mt
trc, mt sau ca khoang v gia khoang). Cc phng tin tip cn c nh thng
ng lp gia hai sn khoang k cn c coi l tip cn kim tra c cho c
hai sn khoang. Mt phng tin tip cn di ng c th c s dng tip cn
tm nghing ca kt dn hng pha di.
(2) Thm vo cc yu cu (1), phng tin tip cn cm tay hoc di ng phi c s
dng tip cn ti cc sn khoang cn li ln n m pha trn ca sn v cc
vch ngang.
(3) Cc phng tin tip cn cm tay hoc di ng c th c s dng tip cn cc
sn khoang ln n m pha trn ca sn thay cho cc phng tin c nh yu
cu (1). Cc phng tin tip cn ny phi c mang trn tu v lun sn sng
s dng.
(4) Chiu rng ca cc thang ng dng tip cn cc sn khoang phi t nht l 300
mm, o gia hai thanh ng.
(5) Thang ng mt on c chiu di ln hn 6 m c th c chp nhn kim tra
cc sn khoang trong kt cu v n.
(6) Vi kt cu v kp khng yu cu phi c thang ng kim tra cc b mt ca
khoang hng. Vic kim tra kt cu ny c thc hin t pha bn trong khng gian
ca v kp.
5 i vi kt nh mn ca cc tu hng ri, cc phng tin tip cn phi c b tr ph
hp vi yu cu t (1) n (4) sau y.
(1) Vi mi kt nh mn c chiu cao khng nh hn 6 m, mt phng tin tip cn lin
tc c nh theo chiu dc phi c b tr dc theo cc sn khe ca mn ngoi v
cao pha di boong ti thiu l 1,6 m, ti a l 3 m v c thang thng ng ti
cnh mi li vo ca kt y.
(2) Nu khng c l chui c b tr trn cc sn khe trong phm vi 600 mm phn
y ca kt v khung ngang c chiu cao tit din ln hn 1 m ti mn ngoi v tm
nghing, th cc thang a hoc tay bm phi c b tr cho php i li an ton
qua mi thnh ca khung ngang khe.
(3) Ba phng tin tip cn c nh, hai u v gia ca mi kt, phi c b tr
i c t y kt ln n giao tuyn gia tm nghing v sng dc thnh ming
khoang. Nu trn tm nghing kt cu theo h thng dc th cc c cu dc c th
c s dng lm mt phn ca phng tin tip cn ny.
(4) Vi cc kt nh mn c chiu cao nh hn 6 m, cc phng tin tip cn thay th
c ng kim chp nhn hoc cc phng tin tip cn cm tay c th c s
dng thay cho phng tin tip cn c nh.
6 i vi cc kt hng ca tu hng ri, cc phng tin tip cn phi c b tr ph hp
vi cc yu cu t (1) n (3) di y.
(1) Vi mi kt hng c chiu cao khng nh hn 6 m, mt phng tin tip cn c nh
lin tc theo chiu dc phi c t dc theo cc sn khe ca mn ngoi
cao ti thiu l 1,2 m pha di nh bn trong l khot ca khung ngang khe ph
hp vi yu cu t (a) ti (c) km theo thang ng cnh mi li vo ca kt.
(a) Thang ng i t phng tin tip cn c nh lin tc theo chiu dc n y
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

503
ca kt phi c t hai u ca kt.
(b) Hoc l, cc phng tin tip cn c nh lin tc theo chiu dc c th c t
chui qua thnh trn ca khung ngang pha trn l khot ca khung ngang
cao ti thiu 1,6 m pha di nc kt hng, khi phng tin b tr theo kiu ny
thun tin hn cho vic kim tra cc khu vc kt cu quan trng c nhn
bit. Cc x dc mn m rng c th c s dng lm li i li.
(c) i vi cc tu hng ri v kp, phng tin tip cn c nh lin tc theo chiu
dc c th c t cao 6 m t im gp ca hng nu s dng c s kt
hp vi cc phng php khc tip cn c n im gp y.
(2) Nu khng c l chui qua cc thnh ca khung ngang trong phm vi 600 mm t y
kt v khung ngang khe c chiu cao thnh ln hn 1m trn mn v trn tm
nghing th phi t cc thang a hoc tay bm cho php qua li an ton trn mi
thnh ca khung ngang.
(3) Vi cc kt hng c chiu cao nh hn 6 m, cc phng tin tip cn thay th c
ng kim chp nhn hoc cc phng tin tip cn cm tay c th c s dng
thay cho cc phng tin tip cn c nh. Cc phng tin tip cn nh vy phi
c chng minh rng c b tr v lun sn sng s dng nhng khu vc
cn thit.
7 i vi cc kt trong v kp ca tu hng ri, cc phng tin tip cn c nh phi c
b tr ph hp vi cc yu cu -1 hoc -2 trn mt cch thch hp.
8 i vi cc kt mi c chiu khng nh hn 6m ti ng tm ca vch chng va, cc
phng tin tip cn thch hp phi c b tr tip cn cc khu vc quan trng nh
kt cu di boong, cc sn, vch chng va v kt cu mn ngoi ph hp vi cc yu
cu (1) v (2) di y.
(1) Cc sn nm cao nh hn 6 m tnh t nc kt hoc sn nm ngay trn phi
c xem xt b tr phng tin tip cn thch hp kt hp vi phng tin tip cn
cm tay.
(2) Trng hp khong cch thng ng gia boong v sn, gia cc sn hoc gia sn
di cng v y kt khng nh hn 6 m, cc phng tin tip cn khc c ng
kim chp nhn phi c b tr.
9 Khi phng tin tip cn c nh d b h hng do qu trnh thao tc lm hng bnh
thng hoc khi khng th lp c phng tin tip cn c nh th, nu c ng
kim chp nhn, phng tin tip cn khc c th c s dng thay cho cc phng
tin quy nh t -1 n -8 trn, vi iu kin cc phng tin lin kt, chng buc,
treo hoc cc phng tin tip cn nh vy phi to thnh mt phn c nh ca kt
cu thn tu.
33.2.5 c tnh quy nh i vi phng tin tip cn v thang
1 Cc phng tin tip cn c nh, ni chung, phi lin vi kt cu thn tu, do vy m
bo rng rt chc chn. Nu c ng kim chp nhn cc phng tin ny l mt phn
ca kt cu thn tu, cc yu cu v v tr ca cc phng tin tip cn nu 33.2.3
v/hoc 33.2.4 c th c thay i thch hp.
2 Cc li i bng thang my to thnh mt b phn ca phng tin tip cn, nu b tr,
phi c chiu rng bn trong ti thiu l 600 mm, tr khi li i ny i vng quanh thnh
ng ca c cu th chiu rng bn trong ti thiu c th l 450 mm, v phi c lan can
bo v cnh h trn sut chiu di ca li i.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

504
3 Cc kt cu nm nghing nu c t trn mt phn ca phng tin tip cn th phi c
kt cu chng trt.
4 Cc li i bng thang my to thnh mt b phn ca phng tin tip cn phi c b
tr lan can bo v c chiu cao l 1000mm, gm tay vn v thanh trung gian c chiu cao
ti thiu l 500 mm c kt cu chc chn, c cc ct t cch nhau khng ln hn 3 m
pha h ra ngoi.
5 Vi cc phng tin tip cn qua cc l khot nm ngang, ming khoang hoc l chui, cc
kch thc phi cho php mt ngi mang thit b th t cp kh v thit b bo v
ln hoc xung bt k thang no m khng b cn tr v cng phi d dng nng
mt ngi b thng t y ca khoang. L khot phi c kch thc trong lng ti thiu l
600 mm 600 mm. Khi phng tin tip cn khoang hng c b tr i qua ming
khoang hng th u trn cng ca thang phi c gng c b tr gn thnh ming
khoang. Cc thnh ming ca li tip cn c chiu cao ln hn 900 mm phi c bc bn
ngoi chung vi thang.
6 Vi phng tin tip cn qua l khot thng ng, hoc l ngi chui trn cc vch chn,
ngang, sng v sn khe to thnh li i theo chiu di v chiu rng ca khoang, l
phi c kch thc ti thiu khng nh hn 600 mm 800 mm cao khng nh hn
600 mm tnh t tn y tr khi li hoc cc kt cu t chn khc c b tr.
7 i vi cc tu du c trng ti nh hn 5000 DWT, trong cc trng hp c bit, kch
thc nh hn i vi cc l khot nu -5 v -6 c th c ng kim chp nhn trong
cc trng hp c bit nu kh nng qua li cc l khot v vic a mt ngi b
thng qua c th c chng minh l tha mn yu cu ca ng kim.
8 Vic tip cn t y tu n cc phng tin cn c nh v cc l khot thng ng phi
c b tr thng qua cc hnh lang, cu thang hoc bc thang d dng ti c. Cc
bc thang phi c b phn phn bn cho bn chn. Nu cc thanh ngang ca cu
thang c gn ln cc b mt thng ng th khong cch t tm ca cc thanh ngang
ti b mt thng ng ti thiu phi bng 150 mm. Nu cc l chui thng ng c b tr
cao hn 600 mm pha trn sn i th phi b tr thm cc bc thang v tay bm vi u
cu thang ca sn c hai bn.
9 Vi cc cu thang hoc phng tin tng t to thnh mt phn ca phng tin tip
cn c nh, c tnh ca cc phng tin ny phi tha mn yu cu ca ng kim.
33.2.6 Hng dn tip cn kt cu thn tu
1 Vi tt c cc tu, phng tin tip cn tin hnh kim tra tng th v kim tra tip cn
cng nh o chiu dy tn phi c m t trong Hng dn tip cn kt cu thn tu
c ng kim ph duyt, bt k s thay i no trong ni dung ca Hng dn phi
c cp nht v bn copy mi nht phi c lu gi trn tu. Hng dn tip cn kt
cu thn tu phi bao gm cc ni dung sau i vi mi khng gian.
(1) Cc s ch r cc phng tin tip cn khng gian km theo c tnh k thut v
cc kch thc
(2) Cc s ch r phng tin tip cn ca mi khng gian cho php tin hnh kim tra
tng th vi cc thng s k thut v kch thc thch hp (Cc s phi biu th
c t v tr no mi khu vc c th kim tra c)
(3) Cc s phi ch r cc phng tin tip cn trong khng gian cho php tin hnh
kim tra tip cn vi cc thng s k thut v kch thc thch hp (S phi biu
th c v tr ca cc khu vc quan trng v liu phng tin tip cn c nh hoc
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

505
cm tay t v tr no c th kim tra c tng khu vc)
(4) Cc hng dn kim tra v duy tr bn kt cu ca tt c cc phng tin tip
cn v cc phng tin lin quan, c xt n mi trng gy mn g c th c
trong khng gian
(5) Hng dn an ton khi dng b kim tra tip cn v o chiu dy tn
(6) Hng dn i vi vic chng buc v s dng cc phng tin tip cn cm tay mt
cch an ton
(7) Lit k tt c cc phng tin tip cn cm tay
(8) Bin bn ghi li vic kim tra chu k v bo dng cc phng tin tip cn ca tu
2 Khi phng tin tip cn thay th c lp vo ph hp vi yu cu 33.2.4, cc bin
php vn hnh an ton v chng buc cc phng tin thay th y i vo, i ra v i
bn trong cc khng gian y phi c m t r rng trong Hng dn tip cn kt cu
thn tu.

507
PHN 2B KT CU THN TU V TRANG THIT B
Tu di 20 mt n di 90 mt

Rules for the Classification and Construction of Sea-going Steel Ships
Part 2B Hull Construction and Equipment of Ships
of 20 and less than 90 metres in Length
CHNG 1 QUY NH CHUNG
1.1 Phm vi p dng v thay th tng ng
1.1.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Nhng quy nh trong Phn ny c p dng cho cc tu v thp c chiu di t 20 mt
n di 90 mt, c hnh dng v t s kch thc thng thng, vng hot ng khng
hn ch.
2 i vi nhng tu c vng hot ng hn ch, kt cu thn tu, trang thit b v kch
thc c cu c th c thay i ph hp vi iu kin khai thc theo nhng quy nh
b sung Chng 25.
3 Khi p dng nhng quy nh tng ng ca Phn ny cho cc tu khng p dng nhng
quy nh Phn 11 ca Quy chun, th L
f
c ly bng L v B
f
c ly bng B.
4 Nhng tu hng kh thc hin chuyn i quc t v c tng dung tch t 500 tr ln phi
tho mn quy nh Chng 31, Phn 2A ca Quy chun.
5 Nu ng kim thy cn thit, th nhng tu nh ngha l tu hng ri nh xc nh
Chng 29, Phn 2A, phi p dng cc quy nh ca Chng 29, Phn 2A.
1.1.2 Trng hp c bit khi p dng
i vi tu c chiu di nh hn 30 mt hoc i vi nhng tu m v l do ring no
khng th p dng trc tip nhng quy nh ca Phn ny, kt cu thn tu, trang b, b tr
v kch thc cc c cu phi c ng kim xem xt v quyt nh trong tng trng
hp c th, mc d c nhng quy nh 1.1.1.
1.1.3 Cc tu c hnh dng v t s kch thc khc thng hoc tu dng ch
hng c bit
i vi cc tu c hnh dng v t s kch thc khc thng hoc tu dng ch hng
c bit, nhng quy nh c lin quan n kt cu thn tu, trang thit b, b tr v kch
thc c cu s c quy nh ring da trn nhng nguyn tc chung ca phn ny thay
cho nhng quy nh Phn ny.
1.1.4 Thay th tng ng
Kt cu thn tu, trang thit b, b tr v kch thc cc c cu ca tu khc vi nhng
quy nh ca Phn ny s c ng kim chp nhn, nu xt thy chng tng ng
vi nhng quy nh Phn ny.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

508
1.2 Quy nh chung
1.2.1 n nh
Nhng yu cu Phn ny c p dng cho cc tu c n nh tt c cc trng
thi d kin. ng kim nhn mnh rng n nh ca tu phi c nh ch to quan tm
c bit trong qu trnh thit k, ng mi v thuyn trng phi quan tm c bit trong
qu trnh khai thc tu.
1.2.2 Kt cu phng chng chy v phng tin thot nn
Kt cu phng chng chy v phng tin thot nn phi tha mn cc quy nh Phn 5
ca Quy chun.
1.2.3 Ln
Tt c cc tu nu qu 6 thng sau khi h thy m cha xut xng c th cn a
ln kim tra.
1.3 Vt liu, kch thc, mi hn v lin kt mt ca c cu
1.3.1 Vt liu
1 Nhng yu cu c lin quan n kt cu thn tu v trang thit b Phn ny c da
trn c s s dng cc loi vt liu ph hp vi nhng yu cu Phn 7A.
2 Nu s dng thp c bn cao nh quy nh Chng 3, Phn 7A ca Quy chun ny,
th kt cu v kch thc ca c cu thn tu phi tha mn nhng yu cu (1) n (3)
sau y:
(1) M un chng un ca tit din ngang thn tu phi bng v ln hn tr s m un
chng un ca tit din ngang thn tu tnh theo Chng 13 nhn vi h s sau y.
Ngoi ra, mc s dng cc loi thp c bn cao phi c ng kim xem xt
v quyt nh trong tng trng hp c th:
0,78 Nu dng thp c bn cao A32, D32, E32 v F32
(2) Nu s dng thp c bn cao nm ngoi quy nh (1), th chiu dy tn boong,
tn bao, m un chng un tit din ca cc np gia cng v cc kch thc khc
phi c ng kim quyt nh trong tng trng hp c th.
(3) Nu s dng thp c bn cao nm ngoi quy nh (1), th kt cu v kch thc
c cu thn tu phi c ng kim quyt nh trong tng trng hp c th.
3 Nu s dng cc vt liu khc vi quy nh Phn 7A ca Quy chun, th vic s dng
vt liu v kch thc c cu tng ng phi c ng kim quyt nh trong tng
trng hp c th.
4 Nu dng thp khng g hoc thp c ph vt liu khng g quy nh chng 3, Phn
7A ca Quy chun ch to kt cu chnh thn tu, th vic s dng vt liu ny v kch
thc c cu phi tho mn iu kin sau:
(1) M un chng un tit din ca tit din ngang thn tu khng c nh hn tr s
c xc nh bng cch nhn tr s quy nh Chng 13 vi h s (K). Tuy nhin
h s (K) phi c lm trn n ba ch s thp phn v khng c nh hn 0,72

{ }
2
y y
K f 8,81( /1000) 7,56( /1000) 2,29 = o o +
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

509
Trong :
y
o : Tr s nh nht ca gii hn chy hoc gii hn chy quy c ca thp khng
g hoc thp ph vt liu khng g quy nh Chng 3, Phn 7A ca Quy
chun.
f: Tr s xc nh theo cng thc sau:
f = 0,0025(T-60) +1,00
Nu T ln hn 100
o
C th tr s ny c ng kim xem xt c bit.
T: Nhit hng ho ln nht tip xc vi vt liu ny. Nu nhit ny nh hn
60
o
C th T ly bng 60
o
C.
(2) Nu vt liu c dng c tc dng hu hiu trong vic chng n mn ca hng ho
d kin chuyn ch th ng kim c th chp nhn gim kch thc c cu so vi
quy nh trong yu cu c lin quan.
5 Nu s dng vt liu khc vi vt liu quy nh Quy chun ny, th vic s dng vt liu
v kch thc tng ng ca cc c cu phi c ng kim xem xt c bit.
6 Vic s dng vt liu ng cc tu hot ng vng bin hn ch c th c ng
kim xem xt trong tng trng hp c th.
7 Vic s dng thp lm kt cu thn tu phi tha mn cc yu cu 1.1.11 v 1.1.12 ca
Phn 2A. Tuy nhin, i vi cc cp thp trong Bng 2B/1.1 v Bng 2B/1.2 c th c
thay bng Bng 2A/1.1 v Bng 2A/1.2 ca Phn 2A ca Quy chun. Nu thp ph vt
liu khng g c quy nh Chng 3 Phn 7A c dng ng tu th Bng 2A/1.1
v Bng 2A/1.2 c p dng ph hp vi chiu dy kim loi c bn thay cho chiu dy
tm.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

510
Bng 2B/1.1 Danh mc s dng thp thng i vi cc c cu khc nhau
Chiu dy tm : t (mm)
Tn c cu Khu vc s dng
t

s
1
5

1
5

<

t

s

2
0

2
0

<

t

s

2
5

2
5

<

t

s

3
0

3
5

<
t

s

4
0

4
0

<
t

s

5
0

Tn v
Phm vi 0,4 L gia tu A B D E
Phm vi 0,6 L gia tu
bao gm c phn nu
trn
A B D E
Tn mp mn
k vi boong
tnh ton
Ngoi khu vc nu trn A B D
Phm vi 0,1 D tr
xung tnh t
mt di ca
boong tnh ton
A B D E
Tn mn
phm vi khc
Phm
vi 0,4
L gia
tu
Ngoi khu vc
nu trn
A B D
Di tn hng
Tn y k c
di tn gia y
Tn boong
Phm vi 0,6 L gia tu
bao gm c phn nu trn
A B D E
Di tn mp
boong tnh ton
Phm vi 0,6 L gia tu
bao gm c phn nu trn
A B D E
Di tn boong
tnh ton k vi
vch dc
Boong tnh ton
ti gc ming
khoang hng
Ngoi khu vc nu trn
(trong trng hp ming
l khot khoang hng ln)
A B D
Boong tnh ton
ngoi khu vc
nu trn
Boong l thin Phm vi 0,4 L gia tu A B D
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

511
Bng 2B/1.1 Danh mc s dng thp thng i vi cc c cu khc nhau (tip theo)
Chiu dy tm : t (mm)
t

s

1
5

1
5

<

t

s

2
0

2
0

<

t

s

2
5

2
5

<

t

s

3
0

3
0

<

t

s

4
0

4
0

<

t

s

5
0

Vch dc
Di tn trn cng
ca vch dc k
boong tnh ton
Di tn di k
vi tn y ca
vch dc
Phm vi 0,4 L gia tu A B D
C cu dc
Di tn trn cng
ca vch nghing
ca kt nh mn
k vi boong tnh
ton
C cu dc ca
boong tnh ton
ni trn gm m
v bn mp ca
c cu dc
Ming khoang hng
Bn thnh v bn
mp ca thnh
dc ming
khoang hng
boong tnh ton
ln hn 15L
Sng ui
Sng ui, gi
bnh li, gi ch
nhn
A B D
Bnh li
Tn bnh li A B D

C cu khc
Cc c cu cn li A

Bng 2B/1.2 Danh mc s dng thp ng tu c bn cao
i vi cc c cu khc nhau
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

512

Chiu dy tm : t (mm)
t

s

1
5

1
5

<

t

s

2
0

2
0

<

t

s

2
5

2
5

<

t

s

3
0

3
0

<

t

s

4
0

4
0

<

t

s

5
0

Tn v
Phm vi 0,6 L gia tu
bao gm c phn nu
trn
AH DH EH
Tn mp mn k
vi boong tnh
ton
Ngoi khu vc nu trn AH DH
Phm vi 0,1 D
tr xung tnh
t mt di ca
boong tnh ton
AH DH EH
Tn mn phm
vi khc
Phm
vi 0,4
L gia
tu
Ngoi khu vc
nu trn
AH

DH
Phm vi 0,6 L gia tu AH DH EH Di tn hng
Tn y k c di
tn gia y
Phm vi 0,4 L gia tu
AH DH EH
Tn boong
Phm vi 0,6 L gia tu
bao gm c phn nu
trn
AH DH EH
Di tn mp
boong tnh ton
Phm vi 0,6 L gia tu
bao gm c phn nu
trn
AH DH EH
Di tn boong
chu lc ni vi
vch dc

Phm vi 0,4 L gia tu AH DH EH Boong chu lc ti
gc ming khoang
hng
Ngoi khu vc nu trn
(trong trng hp ming
l khot khoang hng
ln)
AH DH
Boong chu lc
ngoi khu vc
nu trn
Phm vi 0,4 L gia tu
AH DH EH
Boong l thin Phm vi 0,4 L gia tu AH DH
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

513
Bng 2B/1.2 Danh mc s dng thp ng tu c bn cao
i vi cc c cu khc nhau (tip theo)
Chiu dy tm : t (mm)
t

s

1
5

1
5

<

t

s

2
0

2
0

<

t

s

2
5

2
5

<

t

s

3
0

3
0

<

t

s

4
0

4
0

<

t

s

5
0

Vch dc
Di tn trn cng
ca vch dc ni
vi boong chu
lc
Boong l thin Phm vi 0,4 L gia tu AH DH
C cu dc
Di tn vch
nghing trn
cng ca kt nh
mn ni vi
boong chu lc
C cu dc ca
boong chu lc
ni trn gm m
v bn cnh ca
c cu dc
Ming khoang hng
Bn thnh v bn
cnh ca thnh
dc ming
khoang hng
bong chu lc ln
hn 15L
Sng ui
Sng ui, gi
bnh li, gi ch
nhn

AH DH
Bnh li
Tn bnh li AH DH

C cu khc
Cc c cu cn li AH
Ch thch:
1 A, B, D, E trong Bng 2B/1.1 v AH, DH, EH trong Bng 2B/1.2 l cp thp nh sau:
(1) A, B, D, E: l cc cp thp thng thng: A, B, D, E;
(2) AH: A32, A36 v A40; DH:D32, D36 v D40; EH:E32, E36 v E40.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

514
2 Trong trng hp di tn boong chu lc gn vi vch dc nm vng vch bc bn
trong ca tu v kp v khng phi l di tn mp boong ca boong chu lc, th di tn
boong c th p dng nh boong chu lc thng thng.
1.3.2 Kch thc c cu
1 Nu khng c quy nh no khc th m un chng un ca tit din c cu thn tu theo
yu cu ca Quy chun bao gm c mp km. Mp km c ly bng 0,1 l v mi bn
ca c cu. Tuy nhin, tr s 0,1 l v mi bn c cu khng c ln hn mt na khong
cch gia hai c cu. Trong l l chiu di nhp ca c cu ly theo cc quy nh c lin
quan.
2 Nu dng thp dt, thp gc hoc tm b mp lm cc x, sn, np th d c m
un chng un theo quy nh chng vn phi c chiu cao v chiu dy theo yu cu ca
Quy chun.
3 Bn knh gc ln bn trong ca tm b mp phi bng v ln hn hai ln nhng khng
ln hn ba ln chiu dy ca tm.
4 Chiu dy bn mp ca cc sng v c cu ngang khe khng c nh hn chiu dy
ca bn thnh v chiu rng ton b bn mp phi bng v ln hn tr s tnh theo cng
thc sau:
b
t
=
0
85,4 d l mm
Trong :
d
0
: Chiu cao tit din ca sng v c cu ngang khe xc nh theo cc quy nh c
lin quan (m).
l : Khong cch gia hai gi ta ca sng hoc c cu ngang khe xc nh theo
cc quy nh c lin quan (m). Tuy nhin, nu t cc m chng vn hu hiu th
m cng c th c coi l gi ta.
1.3.3 Mi hn
Mi hn dng trong kt cu thn tu v cc thit b quan trng phi tha mn cc yu cu
cc Phn 2A v Phn 6 ca Quy chun .
1.3.4 Lin kt mt ca cc np, sng v sn
1 Nu mt ca cc sng ni vi cc kt cu nh vch, y trn,v.v..., th cc lin kt mt ca cc
sng phi c cn bng bi cc c cu hu hiu mt bn kia ca cc kt cu .
2 Nu khng c quy nh no khc th chiu di cnh ca m lin kt vi sn hoc np ca
vch hoc ca kt su,v.v..., phi bng v ln hn 1/8 ca l theo cc quy nh c lin
quan.
1.3.5 M
1 Kch thc ca m c xc nh Bng 2B/1.3 theo chiu di ca cnh di hn.
2 Chiu dy ca m phi c tng thch ng nu chiu cao tit din hiu dng ca m
nh hn 2/3 chiu cao tit din ca m theo yu cu.
3 Nu m c l khot gim trng lng th khong cch t mp l khot n cnh t do ca
m phi bng v ln hn ng knh l khot.
4 Nu chiu di ca cnh di hn ca m ln hn 800 mi-li-mt, th cnh t do ca m phi
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

515
c gia cng bng mp b hoc bng mt bin php khc, tr khi m l m chng
vn hoc c cu tng t.
1.3.6 Thay i chiu di nhp (l) khi m c chiu dy ln hn
1 Khi m lin kt c chiu dy bng v ln hn chiu dy ca tm sng th tr s l quy nh
Chng 6 v t Chng 9 n Chng 12 ca Phn ny, c th c thay i ph hp
nh sau:
(1) Nu din tch tit din bn mp ca m bng v ln hn mt na din tch tit din
bn mp ca sng v bn mp ca sng c a ti vch, boong, nh kt, v.v..., th
l c th c o n im cch nh m 0,15 mt vo pha trong ca m.
(2) Nu din tch tit din bn mp ca m nh hn mt na din tch tit din bn mp
ca sng v bn mp ca sng c a ti vch, boong, nh kt, v.v..., th l c th
c o n im m ti tng din tch tit din ca m v bn mp ca n nm
ngoi sng bng din tch tit din bn mp ca sng hoc o n im cch nh m
0,15 mt vo pha trong ca m, ly tr s no ln hn.
(3) Nu c gn m v bn mp ca sng chy di theo cnh t do ca m cho n vch,
boong, nh kt, v.v..., th k c khi cnh t do ca m c ln, l phi c o n
nh m.
(4) M c xem l khng c tc dng pha ngoi im m ti cnh lin kt dc
theo sng ca m bng 1,5 ln chiu di cnh lin kt ca m vi vch, boong,
nh kt, v.v...
(5) Trong mi trng hp khng c gim l ti mi u i mt lng ln hn 1/4 chiu
di ton b ca sng k c lin kt hai u ca sng.
Bng 2B/1.3 M
n v (mm)
Chiu dy
Chiu dy
Chiu di
ca cnh
di hn
M
phng
M c
mp
Chiu
rng mp
Chiu di
ca cnh
di hn
M
phng
M c
mp
Chiu
rng mp
150 6,5 - - 700 14,0 9,5 70
200 7,0 6,5 30 750 14,5 10,0 70
250 8,0 6,5 30 800 - 10,5 80
300 8,5 7,0 40 850 - 11,0 85
350 9,0 7,0 40 900 - 11,0 90
400 10,0 8,0 50 950 - 11,5 90
450 10,5 8,0 50 1.000 - 11,5 95
500 11,0 8,5 55 1.050 - 12,0 100
550 12,0 8,5 55 1.100 - 12,5 105
600 12,5 9,0 65 1.150 - 12,5 110
650 13,0 9.0 65 - - - -
1.3.7 Trang thit b
Ct cu, dy chng, thit b nng hng, ct buc tu, thit b neo v cc trang b khc
khng c quy nh ring Phn ny phi c b tr v kt cu tng ng ph hp vi
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

516
mc ch s dng v vic kim tra phi c tin hnh theo yu cu ca ng kim, nu
thy cn thit.
1.3.8 Tu ch du hoc cht lng d chy khc
1 Nhng yu cu i vi kt cu thn tu v trang thit b ca tu ch du Phn ny ch
p dng cho cc tu dng ch du t c nhit bt chy bng v ln hn 60
o
C (xc
nh bng cch th trong cc kn).
2 Kt cu thn tu v trang thit b ca tu ch du t c nhit bt chy nh hn 60
o
C
(xc nh bng cch th trong cc kn) phi tha mn nhng yu cu Phn ny hoc
phi p dng nhng quy nh khc, nu ng kim thy cn thit.
3 Kt cu v b tr ca cc kt su cha du ca cc tu ch du phi tha mn cc quy
nh Chng 22.
4 nhng tu c tng dung tch ln hn hoc bng 400, khng c ch du hoc cc
cht lng d chy khc cc khoang nm pha trc vch chng va.
1.3.9 Bin php kim sot n mn
1 Nu p dng bin php c tha nhn kim sot n mn cho cc kt, th cc kch
thc theo yu cu ca cc c cu trong cc kt c th c gim theo s chp thun
ca ng kim.
2 i vi cc tu c kch thc c cu c gim theo -1 trn y, k hiu cp tu s c
thm du hiu CoC.
1.3.10 S nhn dng tu
1 i vi cc tu hng c tng dung tch bng hoc ln hn 300 d nh chy tuyn quc
t, s nhn dng tu phi c nh du c nh nh sau:
(1) Ti mt v tr d thy hoc l ui tu hoc c hai mn tu, gia mn phi v mn
tri, nm trn ng nc ch hng c n nh ln nht hoc hai mn thng
tng hoc pha trc thng tng;
(2) Ti mt v tr d n hoc l mt trong cc vch ngang ca bung my hoc mt
trong cc thnh ming khoang hng; hoc trong trng hp i vi tu du - bung
bm, trong trng hp cc tu RO-RO th mt trong nhng vch ngang cui ca
khoang RO-RO;
2 S nhn dng ca tu phi c nh du nh sau:
(1) Du hiu c nh nhn thy r rng, phi lm sch bt k du hiu no khc trn thn
tu v c sn bng mu sn tng phn vi xung quanh;
(2) Du hiu c nh theo -1(1) phi c chiu cao khng nh hn 200 mm v du hiu c
nh theo -1(2) phi c chiu cao khng nh hn 100 mm. Chiu rng ca du hiu
phi tng xng vi chiu cao;
(3) Du hiu c nh ny c th c vit ni ln hoc khc chm hoc hn chm hoc
bng bt k phng php tng ng no khc, nhng phi m bo rng du hiu
ny khng th d xo. Trong trng hp ny, bn ca kt cu thn tu khng b
nh hng bi phng php nh du.
1.4 Cc nh ngha
1.4.1 Phm vi p dng
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

517
Nu khng c quy nh no khc, th cc thut ng trong Phn ny c nh ngha nh
Chng ny, cc thut ng khng c nh ngha Phn ny phi theo nh ngha
Phn 1A ca Quy chun.
1.4.2 Chiu di tu
Chiu di tu (L) l khong cch tnh bng mt o ng nc ch hng thit k ln
nht quy nh 1.4.8 (2), t mp trc ca sng mi n mp sau ca tr li nu tu c
tr li hoc n ng tm ca trc li nu tu khng c tr li. Tuy nhin, trong trng
hp tu c ui tun dng hm, L c ly nh trn hoc bng 96% chiu di ton b
ca ng nc ch hng thit k ln nht, ly tr s no ln hn.
1.4.3 Chiu di xc nh mn kh
Chiu di mn kh (L
f
), tnh bng mt, l 96% chiu di o t mp trc ca sng mi n
mp sau ca tn bao trn ng nc nm cao bng 85% chiu cao mn thit k
nh nht k t mt trn ca tn gia y hoc l chiu di o t mp trc ca sng mi
n ng tm ca trc li trn ng nc y, ly tr s no ln hn. Tuy nhin, nu
mi tu c dng lm vo pha trn ng nc bng 85% chiu cao mn thit k nh
nht th mt trc ca chiu di ny phi c ly ng vung gc vi ng nc
ni trn v i qua im lm nhiu nht v pha sau ca ng bao mi tu. ng nc
ny phi song song vi ng nc ch hng nh ngha 1.4.9 ca Chng ny.
1.4.4 Chiu rng tu
Chiu rng ca tu (B) l khong cch o bng mt theo phng nm ngang t mp ngoi
ca sn bn ny sang mp ngoi ca sn bn kia ti phn thn tu c chiu rng ln nht.
1.4.5 Chiu cao mn tu
Chiu cao mn ca tu (D) l khong cch o bng mt, theo phng thng ng t mt
trn ca tn gia y n mp trn ca x ngang boong mn kh ti mn, im gia ca
chiu di L. Trong trng hp nu vch kn nc c nng cao n boong nm pha
trn boong mn kh v c ghi s ng k l vch c hiu lc n boong th chiu
cao ca tu c o n boong vch.
1.4.6 Phn gia tu
Nu khng c quy nh no khc th phn gia tu l phn c chiu di bng 0,4 L gia
tu.
1.4.7 Phn mi v phn ui tu
Phn mi v phn ui tu tng ng l cc phn thuc phm vi 0,1 L tnh t mt mi v
mt ui tu.
1.4.8 ng nc ch hng v ng nc ch hng thit k ln nht
1 ng nc ch hng l ng nc ng vi mi mn kh c vch du theo cc quy
nh Phn 11 ca Quy chun.
2 ng nc ch hng thit k ln nht l ng nc ng vi trng thi ton ti.
1.4.9 Chiu chm ti trng v chiu chm ti trng thit k ln nht
1 Chiu chm ti trng l khong cch thng ng tnh bng mt, o gia L
f
t mt trn
ca tn gia y n ng nc ch hng.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

518
2 Chiu chm ti trng thit k ln nht (d) l khong cch o theo phng thng ng t
mt trn ca tn gia y n ng nc ch hng thit k ln nht o ti im gia
chiu di tu L.
1.4.10 Lng chim nc ton ti
Lng chim nc ton ti (W) l lng chim nc tnh bng tn ng vi trng thi ton
ti ca tu.
1.4.11 H s bo th tch
H s bo th tch (C
b
) l h s c ly bng th tch ng vi lng chim nc W chia
cho LBd.
1.4.12 Boong tnh ton (chu lc)
Boong tnh ton l boong trn cng m tn mn ko ti ti tng tit din trn chiu di tu.
Tuy nhin, i vi thng tng (tr nhng thng tng c chiu cao thp hn chiu cao
tiu chun) c chiu di khng ln hn 0,15 L, boong tnh ton l boong nm ngay di
boong thng tng. i vi cc phng n thit k, boong ny c th c ly l boong
tnh ton ngay c khi thng tng c chiu di ln hn 0,15 L.
1.4.13 Boong mn kh
1 Boong mn kh thng l boong lin tc trn cng. Tuy nhin, trong trng hp c l
khot khng thng xuyn ng phn l ca boong lin tc trn cng hoc c l khot
khng c phng tin kn nc ng kn thng xuyn phn mn tu pha di boong
, th boong mn kh l boong lin tc v pha di boong .
2 nhng tu c boong mn kh khng lin tc th phn thp nht ca boong l thin v
phn ko di thm ca ng thp nht ny song song vi phn boong pha trn c ly
l boong mn kh.
3 Nu tu c nhiu boong, th mt boong thc t nm di mt trong s cc boong mn kh
quy nh -1 hoc -2 nu trn, c coi l boong mn kh, v ng nc ch hng
c k ng vi boong ny ph hp vi nhng yu cu Chng 2, Phn 11 ca Quy
chun. Tuy nhin, boong thp hn phi lin tc theo hng mi-li t nht l t khoang
my n vch chng va v lin tc t mn n sang mn kia. Nu boong thp hn nhy
bc, th ng thng thp nht ca boong ny v phn ko di thm ca ng thng
thp nht y song song vi phn cao hn ca boong c ly l boong mn kh.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

519
CHNG 2 SNG MI V SNG UI
2.1 Sng mi
2.1.1 Sng mi tm
1 Chiu dy ca sng mi tm phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau:
t =0,10L + 4,0 mm
Tuy nhin, pha trn v pha di ca ng nc ch hng thit k ln nht, chiu
dy ca sng mi tm c th c gim dn v pha nh ca sng mi v ky tu (tn gia
y). Ti mt trn ca sng mi chiu dy c th c ly bng chiu dy tn mn mi
tu, ti mt di ca sng mi chiu dy c th ly bng chiu dy tn ky tu.
2 Phi t cc m ngang cch nhau khng xa qu 1 mt tm sng mi. Nu bn knh cong
mp trc ca sng mi ln, th phi c bin php gia cng thch ng bng cch t
np gia cng dc tm hoc bng bin php khc.
3 i vi tu ko, on t sng y ln n ng nc ch hng, phi t sng mi tit
din hnh ch nht c (hoc tng ng) c quy cch nh sau:
Chiu rng tit din theo phng ngang tu : 0,5L +25 (mm)
Chiu di tit din theo phng dc tu : 1,6L +100 (mm)
Ln n nh, quy cch tit din c th gim n cn bng 85% tr s ni trn.
2.2 Sng ui
2.2.1 Phm vi p dng
Nhng yu cu mc 2.2 ny ch p dng cho nhng sng ui khng c tr bnh li.
2.2.2 Tr chn vt
1 Tr chn vt ca sng ui bng thp c v sng ui dng tm phi c hnh dng thch
hp vi dng chy pha sau thn tu. Kch thc ca tr chn vt phi tng ng vi
tiu chun cho cc cng thc v hnh v Hnh 2B/2.1. Chiu rng v chiu dy ca tr
chn vt pha di ca u trc chn vt phi c tng dn c bn v cng
tng xng vi ky sng ui.
2 Chiu dy u trc chn vt phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau:
t
u
=0,9L +10 mm
3 Tr chn vt ca sng ui bng thp c v sng ui tm phi c t cc m ngang
theo khong cch thch hp. Nu bn knh cong ca mp sau sng ui ln th phi c
np gia cng dc tm.
4 i vi cc tu c tc tng i ln so vi chiu di v cc tu thit k ring ko,
kch thc cc b phn ca tr chn vt phi c tng thch ng (khong t 15 - 20%).
2.2.3 Ky sng ui
1 Kch thc tng tit din ngang ca ky sng ui (Xem Hnh 2B/2.2) phi c xc nh
theo cc cng thc t (1) n (4) sau y, coi m men un v lc ct xut hin ky l
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

520
do lc tc dng ln bnh li theo quy nh 2B/21.1.2.

Hnh 2 B/2.1 Tiu chun kch thc ca tr chn vt

(1) M un chng un Z
Z
ca tit din ly i vi trc thng ng Z-Z phi khng nh
hn:
Z
Z

=
S P
MK
80
cm
3

Trong :
M: M men un ti tit din ang xt, xc nh theo cng thc sau:
M =Bx(Mmax =Bl) (Nm)

Hnh 2B/ 2.2 Ky sng
Z
Y
X
x
l
Y
Z
Y
Z
W : 2,5L +100 (mm)
T : 2,2 L +5,0 (mm)
R : 0,40L +16 (mm)
Tr chn vt ca sng ui
bng thp tm
1,25W
T
R
W : 2,2L + 88 (mm)
T : 0,18L +15 (mm)
R : 0,40L +16 (mm)
Tr chn vt ca sng ui bng
thp c
1,3T
R
1,2W
0,6W
T

W

W

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

521

Trong :
B : Phn lc ca gi trc li (N) ly nh 21.1.4-1.
x : Khong cch t im gia ca gi trc li n tit din ang xt (m), xem
Hnh 2B/2.2.
l : Khong cch (m) t tm gi trc li n im gc ca ky sng ui, xem
Hnh 2B/2.2.
K
SP
: H s ca vt liu lm ky sng ui tnh theo 21.1.1-2.
(2) M un chng un Z
y
i vi trc nm ngang Y-Y phi khng nh hn:
Z
y
=0,5Z
z
cm
3

Trong :
Z
z
: c xc nh (1).
(3) Din tch tit din tng cng As ca cc chi tit theo hng Y-Y phi khng nh hn:
As =
SP
BK
48
mm
2

Trong :
B v K
SP
: Ly nh (1).
(4) Ti tit din bt k trong phm vi chiu di l, ng sut tng ng phi khng ln
hn 115/K
SP
(N/mm
2
). ng sut tng ng
e
o c tnh theo cng thc sau:
o
e
=
2 2
b
3 o + t N/mm
2

ng sut un v ng sut ct xut hin trn ky c xc nh theo cc cng thc
tng ng sau:
ng sut un:
b
z
M
Z (x)
o = N/mm
2

ng sut ct :
s
B
A
t = N/mm
2

Trong :
Z
Z
, A
S
, M, v B: Nh quy nh t (1) n (3).
2 Chiu dy ca cc tm thp to nn phn chnh ca ky sng ui dng thp tm phi
khng nh hn chiu dy ca thp tm to nn phn chnh ca tr chn vt. ky cc gn
ngang phi c b tr di tr chn vt, di cc tm m v cc v tr cn thit khc.
2.2.4 Gt ky
Gt ky ca sng ui phi c chiu di t nht bng 3 ln khong cch sn vng v
phi c lin kt chc chn vi tn gia y.
2.2.5 Lin kt ca sng ui vi ngang tm
Sng ui phi c ko ln pha trn k t trc chn vt v hn chc chn vi ngang
vm ui. Chiu dy ca ngang vm phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau
t =0,035L + 10,0 mm
phn trn ca sng ui ko di, ngang vm ui phi c gia cng trnh thay
i t ngt ca cng.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

522
2.2.6 cht bnh li
1 Chiu di ca cht bnh li phi khng nh hn chiu di bc cht.
2 Chiu dy ca thnh cht phi khng nh hn 0,25 d
po
. Tuy nhin, i vi cc tu
c quy nh 2B/21.1.1-3, chiu dy ca thnh cht bnh li phi c tng thch
ng.
Trong : d
po
: ng knh thc ca cht bnh li o mt ngoi ca o cht, mm.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

523
CHNG 3 Y N
3.1 Quy nh chung
3.1.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Nhng yu cu ca Chng ny c p dng cho cc tu m y i b khuyt tng
phn hoc ton b ph hp vi nhng yu cu 4.1.1-2 hoc 4.1.1-3.
2 Kt cu y khoang mi v khoang ui phi tho mn nhng yu cu 7.2 v 7.3.
3.2 Sng chnh
3.2.1 B tr v kt cu
Cc tu y n phi c sng chnh gm mt bn thnh v mt bn mp. Sng chnh phi
c ko cng di v pha mi v ui tu cng tt.
3.2.2 Bn thnh
1 Chiu dy ca bn thnh sng chnh phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau:
t =0,065L +5,2 mm
Ra ngoi on gia tu chiu dy ny c th c gim dn v cc on mi tu v
ui tu chiu dy ny c th cn bng 0,85 chiu dy on gia tu.
2 Chiu cao tit din bn thnh phi khng nh hn chiu cao tit din ca ngang y.
3.2.3 Bn mp
1 Chiu dy ca bn mp phi khng nh hn chiu dy ca bn thnh on gia tu.
Bn mp phi c ko di t vch chng va n vch ui.
2 Din tch tit din bn mp phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau:
F =0,6L +9 cm
2

Ra ngoi on gia tu din tch ny c th c gim dn v cc on mi tu v ui
tu din tch ny c th cn bng 0,85 din tch tit din on gia tu.
3 Chiu rng ca bn mp phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau:
b =2,3L +160 mm
3.3 Sng ph
3.3.1 B tr
Trong vng t sng chnh n tn mn, khong cch gia cc sng ph v gia sng ph
vi mn phi c t cch nhau khng xa qu 2,5 mt.
3.3.2 Kt cu
Sng ph phi c mt bn thnh lin tc v mt bn mp, sng ph phi c ko cng
di v pha mi v ui tu cng tt.
3.3.3 Bn thnh
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1 on gia tu chiu dy ca bn thnh sng ph phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo
cng thc sau:
t =5,8 +0,042L mm
Ra ngoi on gia tu chiu dy ny c th c gim dn, v cc on mi v on
ui tu chiu dy ny c th cn bng 0,85 chiu dy on gia tu.
2 Trong bung my, chiu dy ca bn thnh phi khng nh hn tr s yu cu 3.2.2 cho
bn thnh ca sng chnh.
3.3.4 Bn mp
Chiu dy ca bn mp sng ph phi khng nh hn chiu dy yu cu ca bn thnh
v din tch tit din bn mp on gia tu phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng
thc sau:
F =0,45L +8,8 cm
2

Ra ngoi on gia tu din tch tit din bn mp c th c gim dn v cc on
mi tu v ui tu din tch c th cn bng 0,85 din tch tit din bn mp on
gia tu.
3.4 ngang tm
3.4.1 B tr
1 nhng tu c y kt cu theo h thng ngang, khong cch chun ca ngang phi
tha mn nhng yu cu 5.2.1.
2 nhng tu c y kt cu theo h thng dc, ngang phi c b tr sao cho khong
cch khng ln hn 3,5 mt.
3.4.2 Hnh dng
1 bt k ch no mp trn ca ngang khng c nm thp hn mp trn ca n
dc tm.
2 on gia tu, chiu cao ca ngang o khong cch bng d
0
quy nh 3.4.3-1, t
mp trong ca sn, dc theo mp trn ca ngang, khng c nh hn 0,5d
0
(Xem
Hnh 2B/3.1). Nu c t m, th chiu cao ca ngang ti mp trong m c th bng
0,5d
0
.
3 nhng tu y c dc khc thng, chiu cao ca ngang y ng dc tm
tu phi c tng thch ng.
4 Bn mp gn ln ngang phi lin tc t phn trn ca cung hng mn ny sang n
phn trn ca cung hng mn kia trong trng hp ngang dng cong v ko di sut
theo ngang tm trong trng hp ngang c ni vi sn bng m.
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3.4.3 Kch thc
1 Kch thc ca ngang tm phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cc cng thc sau:
Chiu cao tit din ng tm tu: d
o
= 0,0625l m
Chiu dy: t =10d
0
+4 (mm) hoc 12 mm, ly tr s no nh hn
M un chng un ca tit din Z : 4,27Shl
2
cm
3

Trong :
S : Khong cch gia cc ngang, m
h : d hoc 0,66 D ly tr s no ln hn, m
l : Khong cch gia cc nh ca cc m sn hai bn mn tu o gia tu cng
0,3 mt. Nu ngang cong th chiu di l phi c thay i thch hp (m) (xem
Hnh 2B/3.1)
d
0
: Chiu cao tit din ngang tm ng tm tu, m.
2 Chiu dy bn mp ca ngang phi khng nh hn chiu dy yu cu i vi
ngang, chiu rng bn mp phi m bo n nh ngang ca ngang.
3 Ra ngoi on 0,5 L gia tu, chiu dy ca ngang tm c th c gim dn n cn
bng 0,85 tr s quy nh -1, tr trng hp i vi phn phng ca y mi tu.
4 ngang y di b my v b chn phi c chiu cao ph hp v phi c gia
cng c bit. Chiu dy ca cc ngang phi khng nh hn chiu dy ca bn
thnh ca sng chnh.
5 on y gia cng pha mi tu quy nh 4.9.2, chiu cao ca tit din ngang tm
phi c tng hoc m un chng un ca tit din ngang tng ng yu cu -1
phi c tng thch ng.
3.4.4 M sn
Kch thc ca m sn phi tha mn nhng yu cu sau y, v cnh t do ca m
sn phi c gia cng.
(1) M phi c a ln mt trn ca ky tu n mt chiu cao ln hn 2 ln chiu cao
tit din ngang y ti ng tm tu.
Hnh 2B/3.1 Hnh dng ca ngang y

d
0

Mt trn ca ky tu
Khng nh hn 0,5d
0

0,15m
d hoc 0,66D
d
0
> 0,0625l
l
h

d
o

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(2) Chiu di ca cnh m o t mp t do ca sn n nh m dc theo mp trn ca
ngang y phi khng nh hn chiu cao tit din yu cu ca ngang y
ng tm tu.
(3) Chiu dy ca m phi khng nh hn chiu dy ca ngang y yu cu 3.4.3.
3.4.5 L thot nc
L thot nc phi c t tt c cc ngang y mi bn ca ng tm tu v
cnh di ca cung hng nu tu c y bng.
ngang y c th c l khot gim trng lng. Khi bn phi c b li tha
ng bng cch tng chiu cao tit din ngang y hoc bng mt bin php thch hp
khc.
3.4.7 ngang tm to thnh mt phn ca vch
ngang tm to thnh mt phn ca vch phi tha mn cc yu cu cc Chng 11
v 12.
3.5 Dm dc y
3.5.1 Khong cch
Khong cch chun ca dm dc y c tnh theo cng thc sau:
S =2L +550 mm
3.5.2 Dm dc y
M un chng un ca tit din dm dc y phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng
thc sau:
Z =
2
9Shl cm
3

Trong :
l : Khong cch gia cc ngang c, m
S : Khong cch gia cc dm dc y, m
h : Khong cch thng ng t cc dm dc y n im d + 0,026 L cao hn
mt trn ca tn gia y.
3.6 Gia cng y pha mi tu
Vic gia cng y pha mi tu phi ph hp vi nhng yu cu 4.9.
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CHNG 4 Y I
4.1 Quy nh chung
4.1.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Tu phi c y i kn nc ko di t vch chng va n vch khoang ui. Ni chung,
phi chn h thng kt cu dc. y trong phi ko lin tc ra hai mn tu bo v y
ti cung hng v khng c thp hn bt k phn no ti mt phng song song vi
ng ky tu v cch ky tu mt khong theo phng thng ng khng nh hn tr s h
(m) o t ng ky nh ngha 1.2.58, Phn 1A ca Quy chun k thut quc gia ny
(sau y gi tt l Phn 1A).
h =B/20
Trong B l chiu rng l thuyt ln nht ca tu (m) ti hoc di ng nc ch
hng phn khoang su nht.
Tuy nhin, trong mi trng hp, tr s h khng c nh hn 0,76 m v khng cn ln
hn 2,0 m.
2 Vi nhng tu c tng dung tch nh hn 500, nhng tu khng chy tuyn quc t, hoc
nhng tu m v nhng l do ring bit ca hnh thc kt cu, hnh dng thn tu v mc
ch s dng, v.v..., nu c ng kim chp nhn th y i c th khuyt tng phn
hoc ton b.
3 Nu c ng kim chp thun th y i c th khuyt vng cc khoang/kt kn
nc, k c khoang kh c kch thc va phi, vi iu kin l tu khng b mt an ton
ngay c khi y hoc mn b thng.
4 Nhng yu cu Chng ny c th c thay i thch hp, nu tu c y i tng
phn v c cc kt cu c bit nh vch dc hoc mn trong lm gim khong cch cc
ta ca y i.
5 Khi c s chuyn tip t h thng kt cu dc sang h thng kt cu ngang, hoc khi
chiu cao y i thay i t ngt, phi quan tm c bit n s lin tc ca bn
bng cch t cc sng ph v ngang b sung.
6 Phi quan tm c bit i vi kt cu y ca khoang dng chuyn ch hng nng
hoc hng khng c coi l hng phn b u.
4.1.2 L chui v l gim trng lng
1 Cc c cu khng kn nc phi c l chui v l gim trng lng m bo s tip cn
v thng gi, tr nhng vng c ct t tha v khi cc l khot ny khng c Quy
chun ny cho php.
2 S lng l chui tn y trn phi l ti thiu m bo thng gi v d tip cn
n mi ch trong y i. Phi thn trng khi t nhng l chui trnh kh nng lu
thng gia cc khoang phn chia chnh qua y i.
3 Np ca l chui quy nh -2 phi c lm bng thp v nu trong khoang hng khng
c vn lt sn th np v cc ph tng ca np phi c bo v tt chng hng ha gy
h hi.
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4 L thot kh v l thot nc phi c t mi c cu khng kn nc kt cu y i.
5 V tr v kch thc d kin ca l chui v l khot gim trng lng phi c ghi trong
bn v trnh duyt.
4.1.3 Tiu nc
1 Phi c nhng thit b hu hiu tiu nc trn mt y trn.
2 Nu t cc h t dng cho mc ch ni trn th cc h t, tr h t cui hm trc, phi
c gng chiu su ca n khng ln hn mt na chiu cao y i v y h phi
cch tn bao y khng nh hn 460 mm.
4.1.4 Khoang cch ly
Trong y i gia cc kt dng cha du v cc kt dng cha nc ngt nh
nc sinh hot, nc dng cho ni hi, v.v..., phi t cc ngn cch ly kn du trnh
tc hi do ln du sang nc ngt.
4.1.5 Sng y kn nc v ngang kn nc
Chiu dy ca sng y kn nc, ngang kn nc v kch thc ca cc np gn vi
chng phi tha mn nhng yu cu c lin quan ti sng y v ngang nh nhng
quy nh 12.2.2 v 12.2.3.
Chiu dy ca cc c cu y i phi khng nh hn 6 mm.
4.1.7 H t
1 Nhng h t nh b tr trong y i lin kt vi cc thit b tiu nc ca khoang khng
c ko su xung qu mc cn thit. Tuy nhin, ti pha sau hm trc, cho php h t
ko n y ngoi.
2 ng kim c th cho php b tr cc h t khc (v d h t cho du bi trn di my
chnh) nu thy rng c b tr bo v tng ng vi vic bo v bng y i, ph hp
vi cc yu cu ca Chng ny.
3 i vi cc h t quy nh -1 v -2 ni trn, tr h t mt hm trc, khong cch theo
phng thng ng t y h t n mt phng trng vi ng ky tu nh ngha
Chng 1, Phn 1A, khng c nh hn 0,5 m.
4.2 Sng chnh
4.2.1 B tr v kt cu ca sng chnh
1 Sng chnh phi c ko cng di v pha mi v ui tu cng tt.
2 Tm sng chnh phi lin tc trong on 0,5 L gia tu.
3 Nu y i c dng cha nhin liu, nc ngt hoc nc dn, th sng chnh phi
kn nc.
4 Nhng yu cu -3 c th c thay i thch hp trong nhng kt hp on mi v
on ui tu hoc nhng ch m cc kt cu dc kn nc khc c t khong
0,25 B tnh t ng tm tu, hoc nhng ch c ng kim chp nhn.
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4.2.2 L gim trng lng
1 L gim trng lng c th c t trn sng chnh tt c cc khong sn nm ngoi
phm vi 0,75 L gia tu.
2 Nu chiu cao ca l khng ln hn 1/3 chiu cao ca sng chnh, th l gim trng lng
c th c t xen k cc khong sn sng chnh nm trong phm vi 0,75 L gia tu.
4.2.3 Chiu cao tit din sng chnh
Tr trng hp c ng kim chp nhn c bit, chiu cao tit din sng chnh khng
nh hn B/16, nhng trong mi trng hp khng c nh hn 0,76 mt.
4.2.4 Chiu dy ca tm sng chnh
Chiu dy ca tm sng chnh (t) phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau:
t =0,05L +6 mm
4.2.5 M
1 Nu y i c kt cu theo h thng dc th khong gia cc ngang c phi t
cc m ngang cch nhau khng qu 1,75 mt lin kt tm sng chnh vi tn y v vi
cc dm dc y ln cn. Nu khong cch cc m ln hn 1,25 mt th tm sng
chnh phi c gn np b sung.
2 Chiu dy ca m (t
m
) nu -1 phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y.
Tuy nhin, chiu dy ny khng cn phi ln hn chiu dy ca ngang c vng :
t
m
=0,6 L 2,5 + mm
3 Np quy nh -1 phi l thanh thp dt c chiu dy bng chiu dy ca tm sng chnh
v chiu cao tit din np khng nh hn 0,08d
0
(m), trong d
0
l chiu cao tit din sng
chnh tnh bng mt.
4.3 Sng ph
4.3.1 B tr
1 on 0,5 L gia tu cc sng ph phi c t sao cho khong cch t sng chnh
n sng ph trong cng, khong cch gia cc sng ph, khong cch t sng ph ngoi
cng n tn v mn phi khng ln hn 4,6 m.
2 on y gia cng mi tu quy nh 4.9.2, cc sng ph v na sng ph phi c
t nh yu cu 4.9.3.
3 di b my chnh v b chn, y tu phi c gia cng thch hp bng cc sng
ph v na sng ph b sung.
4.3.2 Chiu dy tm sng ph
Chiu dy ca tm sng ph (t) phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau. Trong
bung my chiu dy tm sng ph phi c tng 1,5 mm so vi tr s ny:
t =0,65 L 2,5 + mm
4.3.3 Chiu dy ca na sng ph
Chiu dy ca na sng ph phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc cho 4.3.2.
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4.3.4 Kch thc ca np ng v thanh chng
1 Nu y i kt cu theo h thng dc, th np ng phi c t cc sng ph ti mi
ngang h, hoc theo khong cch thch hp. Thanh chng thng ng phi c t
cc na sng ph ti mi ngang h.
2 Np ng quy nh -1 phi l thanh thp dt c chiu dy bng chiu dy tm sng ph,
c chiu cao tit din khng nh hn 0,08d
0
(m), trong d
0
nh quy nh 4.2.5-3 (l
chiu cao tit din ca sng chnh, m).
3 Din tch tit din thanh chng thng ng yu cu -1 phi khng nh hn tr s tng
ng yu cu 4.6.3.
Trong phm vi 10% chiu di k t mi u ca khoang, ng knh ca l khot gim
trng lng sng ph phi khng ln hn 1/3 chiu cao tit din ca sng. Tuy nhin,
yu cu ny c th c thay i cc khoang ngn v ngoi phm vi 0,75 L gia tu
v nu bn thnh ca sng c gia cng bi thng thch ng.
4.4 ngang c
4.4.1 V tr ca ngang c
1 ngang c phi c t cch nhau khng xa qu 3,5 m.
2 Thm vo yu cu -1, ngang c cn phi c t nhng v tr sau y:
(1) mi mt sn trong bung my chnh. Tuy nhin, nu y i c kt cu theo h
thng dc th ngoi vng b my, ngang c c th c t cch nhau 2
khong sn;
(2) Di b chn v b ni hi;
(3) Di cc vch ngang ;
(4) Trong vng quy nh 4.9.3 t vch mi n mt sau ca on y gia cng mi tu
quy nh 4.9.2.
3 ngang kn nc phi c t sao cho s phn khoang ca y i tng ng v ph
hp vi s phn khoang ca tu.
4.4.2 Chiu dy ca ngang c
Chiu dy ca ngang c phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cc cng thc sau y v
trong bung my chiu dy ny phi c tng ln 1,5 mm.
y tu kt cu theo h thng ngang : 0,65 L 2,5 + mm
y tu kt cu theo h thng dc : 0,70 L 2,5 + mm
4.4.3 Np ng
1 Np ng phi c t cc ngang c theo nhng khong cch thch hp nu y
i c kt cu theo h thng ngang, v phi c t ti mi v tr dm dc y nu y
i c kt cu theo h thng dc.
2 Np ng quy nh -1 phi l thanh thp dt c chiu dy bng chiu dy ngang tm, c
chiu cao tit din khng nh hn 0,08d
0
, trong d
0
l chiu cao tit din sng chnh y, m.
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531
Trong phm vi 0,1 B k t tn mn, ng knh l khot gim trng lng ca cc
ngang c gia chiu di ca khoang phi khng ln hn 1/5 chiu cao tit din ca
ngang. Tuy nhin, nhng yu cu ny c th c thay i thch hp cc on mi tu
v ui tu nhng khoang c coi l ngn v nu ngang c c gia cng bi
thng tha ng.
4.5 ngang h
4.5.1 B tr
Nu y i kt cu theo h thng ngang th khong gia hai ngang c ti mi mt
sn phi t ngang h theo yu cu 4.5.
4.5.2 Kch thc ca dm ngang y di v dm ngang y trn
1 M un chng un (Z) ca tit din dm ngang y di phi khng nh hn 30 cm
3
v tr
Z =CShl
2

cm
3

Trong :
l : Khong cch gia cc m lin kt vi sng chnh v cc m lin kt vi sng
hng (m). Nu y c sng ph th l l khong cch ln nht trong cc khong
cch t np ng gia cng sng ph n m (xem Hnh 2B/4.1).

Hnh 2B/4.1 ngang h
S : Khong cch cc dm ngang y di (m).
h = d +0,026L
6,0 : i vi ngang h khng c thanh chng thng ng quy nh 4.5.3.
4,4 : i vi ngang h nm di kt su c thanh chng thng ng quy
nh 4.5.3.
2,9 : nhng ch khc.
2 M un chng un ca tit din dm ngang y trn phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo
cng thc cho -1 vi C bng 0,85 ln tr s quy nh i vi dm ngang y di cng
v tr. Nu khng c thanh chng thng ng ngang h di kt su th C phi bng
tr s quy nh 12.2.3.

Khng nh hn 0,05B
l
Khng nh hn 0,05B
b i vi thanh chng
ng tm tu (CL)
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1 Thanh chng thng ng phi l thp cn, khng c lm bng thp dt hoc thp m v
phi c hn chc chn vo bn thnh ca dm ngang y trn v dm ngang y di.
2 Din tch tit din thanh chng thng ng quy nh -1 phi ph hp vi quy nh
4.6.3.
4.5.4 M
1 Dm ngang y trn v dm ngang y di phi c lin kt vi sng chnh v sng
hng bng m c chiu dy khng nh hn chiu dy tnh theo cng thc cho 4.2.5-2.
2 Chiu rng ca m quy nh -1 phi khng nh hn 0,05 B. M phi c hn ln
dm ngang y trn v dm ngang y di. Cnh t do ca m phi c gia cng
thch ng.
4.6 Dm dc
4.6.1 Khong cch
Khong cch chun (S) ca cc dm dc c tnh theo cng thc sau y:
S =2L +550 mm
4.6.2 Kch thc
1 M un chng un (Z) ca tit din dm dc y di phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo
cng thc sau:
Z =
2
CShl cm
3

Trong :
l : Khong cch gia cc ngang c, m
S : Khong cch gia cc dm dc, m
h : Khong cch thng ng t dm dc y n im d + 0,026 L cao hn mt tn
gia y, m
C: c ly nh sau:
8,6 : i vi dm dc y khng c thanh chng nh quy nh 4.6.3.
6,2 : i vi dm dc y c thanh chng nm di kt su nh quy nh 4.6.3.
4,1 : nhng ch khc.
thc -1, vi C bng 0,85 ln tr s quy nh i vi dm dc y di cng v tr. Nu
thanh chng thng ng khng c t dm dc y di kt su, m un chng un
ca tit din dm dc y trn phi c ly nh quy nh 12.2.3.
1 Thanh chng thng ng phi l thp cn khng c l thp dt hoc thp m v phi
c hn chc chn vo bn thnh ca dm dc y di v dm dc y trn.
2 Din tch tit din thanh chng thng ng ni trn phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo
cng thc sau:
F =2,2Sbh cm
2

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Trong :
b : Chiu rng ca vng m thanh chng phi (m). (xem Hnh 2B/4.1)
h : Nh quy nh 4.6.2-1.
4.7 Tn y trn v sng hng
1 Chiu dy ca tn y trn (t) phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cc cng thc sau y,
v phi c tng 2 mm trong bung my v di ming khoang khng c vn lt:
t =3,8S d 2,5 mm
Trong :
S : Khong cch gia cc dm dc y trn nu y trn kt cu theo h thng
dc hoc khong cch gia cc ngang nu y trn kt cu theo h thng
ngang, m.
4.7.2 Nhng tu hng thng xuyn c bc xp bng gu ngom hoc phng
tin c gii tng t
nhng tu m hng ha thng xuyn c bc xp bng gu ngom hoc bng mt
phng tin c gii tng t, chiu dy ca tn y trn phi c tng 2,5 mm so vi tr
s quy nh -1 hoc 4.7.1, tr khi c vn lt sn.
4.7.3 Chiu dy ca sng hng
Chiu dy ca sng hng phi c tng 1,5 mm so vi tr s tnh theo cng thc 4.7.1.
4.7.4 Chiu rng ca sng hng
Sng hng phi c chiu rng v phi ko vo phn pha trong tu tnh t ng chn
ca m hng.
4.7.5 M
1 Nu y kt cu theo h thng dc th m ngang phi c t mi mt sn, ko t
sng hng n dm dc y di v dm dc y trn k cn. M phi lin kt chc chn
vi sng hng, tn v v cc dm dc.
2 Chiu dy ca m quy nh -1 phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc 4.2.5-2.
4.8 M hng
4.8.1 M hng kt
1 Chiu dy ca m lin kt sn khoang vi sng hng phi c tng 1,5 mm so vi tr
s tnh theo cng thc 4.2.5-2.
2 Cnh t do ca m phi c gia cng.
3 Nu do hnh dng ca tu m m hng qu di th phi t thanh thp gc dc trn cnh
cc m hoc phi dng bin php thch hp khc.

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4.9 Kt cu v Gia cng y pha mi tu
4.9.1 Phm vi p dng
1 nhng tu c chiu chm mi ti thiu trong iu kin dn khng ln hn 0,037 L kt
cu ca tu phi tha mn cc yu cu 4.9.
2 nhng tu c chiu chm mi trong iu kin dn qu nh v c vn tc qu ln so vi
chiu di tu, phi c bit quan tm n kt cu ca on y gia cng pha mi tu.
4.9.2 Gia cng y pha mi tu
1 Phn y phng mi tu t v tr quy nh Bng 2B/4.1 c gi l on y gia
cng pha mi tu.
2 Mc d nhng quy nh -1, trong trng hp tu c chiu chm trong iu kin dn qu
nh, hoc tu c C
b
qu nh, phm vi ca on y gia cng pha mi tu phi c ko
di tho mn yu cu ca ng kim.
Bng 2B/4.1 Mt cui ca on y gia cng pha mi tu
V
L

1,1
1,1
1,25
1,25
1,4
1,4
1,5
1,5
1,6
1,6
1,7
1,7

Khong cch tnh t
mt trc ca L
0,15 L 0,175 L 0,2 L 0,225 L 0,25 L 0,275 L 0,3 L
4.9.3 Kt cu
1 T vch chng va n 0,05 L sau mt cui ca on y gia cng pha mi tu cc sng
ph hoc na sng ph phi c t ph hp vi Bng 2B/4.2. Nu on t vch chng
va n 0,025 L sau mt cui ca on y gia cng pha mi tu c kt cu theo h
thng ngang, th phi t cc na sng ph hoc nhng np dc y ph hp vi Bng
2B/4.2.
2 Trong on t vch mi n mt cui ca on y gia cng pha mi tu, ngang c
phi c t ph hp vi Bng 2B/4.2.
Bng 2B/4.2 Kt cu ca on y gia cng pha mi tu
C cu

y i Mn

Sng ph y
Na sng ph
v np gia
cng tn bao

ngang c
H thng kt
cu ngang
Phi c t
mi mt sn
H thng kt cu
ngang

H thng kt
cu dc
Phi c t
cch nhau khng
xa qu 2,5 m

Phi t
gia cc sng
ph

Phi c t cch
nhau khng xa qu
2,5 m
H thng kt
cu ngang
Phi c t
mi sn th hai
H thng kt cu
dc

H thng kt
cu dc
Phi c t
cch nhau khng
xa qu 2,5 m

________
Phi c t cch
nhau khng xa qu
2,5 m
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

535
3 ngang c phi c gia cng bng nhng np ng t trong mt phng ca na
sng ph hoc ca np dc y, tr khi cc np dc y c t kh gn nhau v
ngang c c gia cng y th np ng gia cng ngang c c th c
t trong mt phng ca mi chic np th hai ca tn bao y.
4 nhng tu c chiu chm mi ln hn 0,025 L nhng nh hn 0,037 L trong trng thi
dn, nu kt cu v b tr ca on y gia cng pha mi tu l khng th tha mn
c cc yu cu -1 v -2 th ngang c v sng ph phi c gia cng thch
ng.
4.9.4 Kch thc ca np dc tn bao hoc dm dc y
1 nhng tu trong iu kin dn c chiu chm mi khng ln hn 0,025 L m un chng
un ca np dc tn bao hoc dm dc y on y gia cng mi tu phi khng nh
Z =0,53Pl
2
cm
3

Trong :
l : Khong cch cc ngang c (m)
=0,774 l : Tuy nhin, nu khong cch cc np dc tn bao hoc dm dc y
khng ln hn 0,774 l th c ly bng khong cch (m).
P : p sut do va p ca sng (kPa) tnh theo cng thc sau y:
P =
1 2
LC C
2,48
kPa
Trong :
C
1
: H s cho Bng 2B/4.3, vi tr s trung gian ca
V
L
th C
1
c tnh theo
php ni suy tuyn tnh.
Bng 2B/ 4.3 Tr s ca C1
V
L

1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5
C
1
0,12 0,18 0,23 0,26 0,28 0,29

C
2
C
2
=0,4 nu
V
L
1,0 .
C
2
=0,667
V
L
- 0,267 nu 1,0
V
L
1,3.
C
2
=1,5
V
L
- 1,35 nu
V
L
1,3.
: dc ca y tu c tnh theo cng thc sau y, nhng khng cn phi
ly
2
C
ln hn 11,43 : ( xem Hnh 2B/4.2 ).

=
0,0025L
b

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

536
b : Khong cch nm ngang t ng tm tu n giao im ca tn bao vi
ng nm ngang cao 0,0025 L pha trn ca tn gia y, o mt
sn 0,2 L tnh t sng mi (m). (xem Hnh 2B/4.2).
2 nhng tu trong iu kin dn c chiu chm mi ln hn 0,025 L nhng nh hn
0,037 L, m un chng un ca np dc tn bao hoc dm dc y on y gia
cng vng mi tu phi c tnh theo php ni suy tuyn tnh cc tr s tnh theo
yu cu -1 v 4.6.

Hnh 2B/4.2 Cch o b

b
Mt trn ca tm gia y
CL
Tit din thn tu v tr 0,2L t sng mi

0
,
0
0
2
5
L

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

537

CHNG 5 SN

5.1 Quy nh chung
5.1.1 Phm vi p dng
Nhng yu cu ca Chng ny c p dng cho cc tu c bn ngang v
cng ngang to bi cc vch. Nu bn ngang v cng ngang to bi nhng vch
km hiu qu hoc chiu di khoang ln hn 25 mt th phi c nhng bin php gia
cng b sung bng cch tng kch thc ca sn, t thm cc sn khe,v.v...
5.1.2 Sn trong vng kt su
bn ca sn trong vng kt su phi khng nh hn yu cu i vi np vch kt
su.
5.1.3 kn ca nc kt
Sn khng c xuyn qua nc kt nc hoc nc kt du tr khi c bin php kn
nc hoc kn du hu hiu c trnh duyt.
5.1.4 Sn trong vng ni hi v sn trong vng u trc
1 Trong bung ni hi kch thc ca sn v sng dc mn phi c tng thch ng.
2 Kt cu v kch thc ca sn trong vng u trc phi c ng kim xem xt tho
ng.
5.2 Khong cch sn
5.2.1 Khong cch sn h thng ngang
1 Khong cch chun (a) ca cc sn h thng ngang c tnh theo cng thc sau y:
a =450 +2L mm
2 khoang mi hoc khoang ui kiu tun dng cng nh on t vch chng va n
0,2 L tnh t mi tu, khong cch sn ngang phi khng ln hn 610 mm hoc khong
cch chun quy nh -1, ly tr s no nh hn.
3 Cc yu cu -2 c th c thay i nu v tr hoc kch thc ca sn c xem xt
tho ng.
5.2.2 Khong cch dm ca h thng dc
Khong cch chun (S) ca cc dm h thng dc c tnh theo cng thc sau y:
S =550 +2L mm
5.2.3 Trng hp khong cch sn ln hn khong cch chun
Nu khong cch sn vt khong sn chun quy nh 5.2.1 v 5.2.2 qu 170 mm,
th kch thc v kt cu ca y n, y i v ca cc kt cu lin quan khc phi
c xem xt c bit.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

538
5.3 H thng kt cu ngang (ngang khoang)
5.3.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Sn h thng kt cu ngang l sn di boong thp nht, trong vng t vch chng
va n vch ui k c trong bung my.
2 i vi nhng tu c kt hng, kt nh mn hoc nhng tu c kt cu c bit nh c
mn kp, sn h thng kt cu ngang phi c ng kim xem xt c bit.
5.3.2 Kch thc ca sn h thng kt cu ngang
1 M un chng un ca tit din sn h thng kt cu ngang phi khng nh hn tr s
tnh theo cng thc sau y, nhng trong mi trng hp phi khng nh hn 30 cm
3
.
Z =CShl
2

cm
3

Trong :
S : Khong cch sn, m
l : Khong cch thng ng t mt y trn hoc t mp trn ca ngang ca y
n mn n mt trn ca x boong nh sn, m
h : Khong cch thng ng t mt di ca l ti v tr cn o n im (d + 0,044 L -
0,54) cao hn mt tn gia y, m
2,6 i vi cc sn nm trong phm vi t 0,15 L k t mi tu n vch ui
3,4 i vi cc sn nm trong phm vi t 0,15 L k t mi tu n vch chng
va.
2 Vi nhng sn nm di x ngang khe x dc boong, m un chng un ca tit
din phi c tnh theo mc -1 nhng phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau
y:
Z =
2
2 1 1
h l 1 l
2,4n 0,17 0,1 Shl
9,81 h l h

| |
+
`
|
\ .

)
cm
3

Trong :
n : T s khong cch x ngang khe chia cho khong sn
h
1
: Ti trng boong quy nh 15.1 cho chic x boong nh sn, kN/m
2

l
1
: Tng chiu di ca x ngang khe, m
S, l v h : Nh quy nh -1.
3 Nu chiu cao tit din sng chnh ca y i nh hn B/16 th kch thc ca sn phi
c tng thch ng.
5.3.3 Lin kt ca sn h thng kt cu ngang
1 Sn h thng ngang khoang phi ln m hng mt on t nht bng 1,5 chiu cao
tit din sn v phi c lin kt chc chn vi m hng.
2 nh ca sn h thng ngang khoang phi c lin kt chc chn vi boong v x
ngang boong bng m. Nu boong nh sn c kt cu theo h thng dc th m
nh sn phi i ra n x dc boong k cn vi sn v c lin kt vi x dc .
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

539
5.4 Dm dc mn v cc thnh phn kt cu khc
5.4.1 Dm dc mn
1 M un chng un tit din ca cc dm dc mn on gia tu di boong mn kh
phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cc cng thc sau y, ly tr s no ln hn, nhng
trong mi trng hp phi khng nh hn 30 cm
3
:
Z =
2
8,6Shl cm
3

Z =
2
2,9 L .Sl cm
3

Trong :
l : Khong cch gia cc sn khe, hoc t vch ngang n sn khe, k c
chiu di ca lin kt, m
h : Khong cch thng ng t dm dc mn ang xt n im (d + 0,044 L -
0,54) cao hn mt tn gia y, m.
2 Ra ngoi on gia tu, m un chng un ca tit din dm dc mn c th c gim
dn v pha mi v ui tu, mi v ui tu c th cn bng 0,85 tr s tnh theo -1. Tuy
nhin, on t vch chng va n 0,15 L k t mi tu m un chng un tit din ca
dm h thng dc mn phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc cho -1.
3 Chiu cao tit din ca thanh thp dt dng lm dm dc mn phi khng ln hn 15 ln
chiu dy ca n.
4 on gia tu dm h thng dc mn t di tn mp mn phi c gng c
mnh khng ln hn 60.
5 M un chng un ca tit din dm dc hng khng cn ln hn m un chng un ca
tit din dm dc y.
5.4.2 Sn khe
1 Sn khe dm h thng dc mn phi c t cch nhau khng xa qu 4,8 mt, ti
nhng tit din c ngang c.
2 Kch thc ca sn khe phi khng nh hn cc tr s tnh theo cc cng thc sau y:
Chiu cao tit din : 0,1l (m) hoc 2,5 chiu cao ca l khot dm dc xuyn qua, ly tr
s no ln hn.
1
Shl
2
cm
3

Chiu dy bn thnh:
2
1
C Shl
2,5
1000 d
mm
Trong :
S : Khong cch gia cc sn khe, m
l : Khong cch thng ng t mt tn y trn hoc t mt trn ca ngang y
n o mn n nh sn khe. Tuy nhin, nu c cc sng ngang boong
hu hiu th l c th c o n mt di ca sng ngang boong, m
d
1
: Chiu cao tit din sn khe (m). Tuy nhin, chiu cao ca l khot dm
dc mn xuyn qua, phi c tr i khi chiu cao tit din bn thnh
h : Khong cch thng ng (m) t trung im ca l n im (d + 0,044 L - 0,54)
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

540
cao hn mt tn gia y, trong mi trng hp khng c nh hn 1,43 l
C
1
v C
2
: Cc h s c cho Bng 2B/5.1.
Bng 2B/5.1 Cc h s C
1
v C
2

Sn khe pha sau ca 0,15 L
tnh t mi tu
Sn khe t vch chng va n
0,15 L tnh t mi tu
C
1

4,7 6,0
C
2

45 58
3 Sn khe phi c gn nhng m chng vn t cch nhau khong 3 mt v nhng
np gia cng t theo mi dm dc mn, tr phn gia nhp ca sn khe np gia
cng c th c t theo mi dm dc mn th hai.
5.5 Sn ni boong
5.5.1 Quy nh chung
1 Kch thc ca sn ni boong phi c xc nh theo quan h vi bn ca sn
khoang, v tr v cng ca vch ngang,v.v...
2 Khi thit k sn ni boong phi xt n s m bo mc lin tc cho php ca sn
t y tu n boong trn cng bng cc mi ni vi sn khoang.
3 Nhng quy nh 5.5 l da trn s kt cu chun nhm m bo cng ngang
bng nhng vch ni boong bn t pha trn vch khoang hoc bng nhng sn
khe i ln n nc thng tng v t theo nhng khong cch thch hp.
5.5.2 Kch thc ca sn ni boong
1 M un chng un ca tit din sn ni boong di boong mn kh phi khng nh
Z =CSlL cm
3

Trong :
S : Khong cch cc sn, m
l : Chiu cao ni boong (m), nhng phi c ly tng ng bng 1,8 mt nu chiu
cao ni boong nh hn 1,8 mt i vi sn thng tng v bng 2,15 mt nu
chiu cao ni boong nh hn 2,15 mt nhng ch khc
C : H s cho Bng 2B/5.2.
Bng 2B/5.2 H s C
Loi sn ni boong C
Sn thng tng ( tr hai trng hp di y )
Sn thng tng vng 0,125 L tnh t ui tu
Sn thng tng vng 0,125 L tnh t mi tu v sn quay ui tu
Sn ni boong nm gia boong mn kh v boong th hai
Sn ni boong nm gia boong th hai v boong th ba
Sn ni boong nm gia boong th ba v boong th t
0,44
0,57
0,74
0,74
0,89
0,97
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

541
2 Kch thc ca sn ni boong di boong mn kh on 0,125 L tnh t mi tu v
on 0,125 L tnh t ui tu phi c tng thch ng so vi kch thc quy nh -1.
3 Nu boong c bi nhng x ngang khe v x dc th m un chng un ca tit
din sn khe ni boong x ngang boong phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo -1 v -2
nhn vi h s tnh theo cng thc sau y. Trong trng hp ny m un chng un ca
tit din sn khe ni boong phi khng nh hn 0,85 tr s tnh theo -1 v -2, v mt
trn ca sn phi c gn m.
1 +0,2n
Trong :
n : S lng sn ni boong nm gia hai sn khe ni boong.
5.5.3 Ch c bit i vi sn ni boong
1 bn v cng ca kt cu mi tu v ui tu phi c tng t l vi s tng ca
chiu di thc khng c gi ca sn v chiu cao thng ng ca ni boong.
2 nhng tu c mn kh qu ln kch thc ca sn ni boong c th c gim thch
hp.
5.5.4 Sn thng tng
1 Sn thng tng phi c t theo mi sn pha di.
2 Ngoi nhng yu cu 5.5.2, on di 4 khong sn ti hai u ca thng tng gia
v ca thng tng bit lp trong on 0,5 L gia tu, sn thng tng phi c m un
chng un tit din tnh theo 5.5.2 vi h s C =0,74.
3 Nhng sn khe hoc on vch phi c t pha trn cc vch theo yu cu
Chng 11 hoc cc v tr khc cn thit to cng ngang ca thng tng.
5.6 Sn trong khoang mi v khoang ui
5.6.1 Sn ngang trong khoang mi
M un chng un ca tit din sn ngang di boong mn kh pha trc ca vch
chng va phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y, nhng trong mi trng
hp phi khng nh hn 30 cm
3
.
Z =
2
8Shl cm
3

Trong :
S : Khong cch sn (m)
l : Khong cch hai gi ta ca sn ngang (m), nhng phi ly bng 2 mt nu
khong cch ny nh hn 2 mt
h : Khong cch thng ng t trung im ca l n im 0,12L cao hn mt tn
gia y (m).
5.6.2 Dm dc trong khoang mi
M un chng un ca tit din dm dc di boong mn kh pha trc vch chng va
phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y. Tuy nhin, trong vng t 0,05 D
n 0,15 D tnh t mt tn gia y, m un chng un ca tit din tnh theo cng thc
ny phi c tng 25% v trong vng di 0,05 D tnh t mt tn gia y, m un
chng un ny phi c tng 50%.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

542
Z =
2
8Shl cm
3

Trong :
S v l : Nh quy nh 5.4.1
h : Khong cch thng ng (m) t sn dc n im 0,12 L cao hn mt tn
gia y, tuy nhin trong mi trng hp h phi khng nh hn 0,06 L.
5.6.3 Sn ngang trong khoang ui
M un chng un ca tit din sn ngang di boong mn kh pha sau vch ui
phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y, nhng trong mi trng hp phi
khng nh hn 30 cm
3
.
Z =
2
8Shl cm
3

Trong :
S : Khong cch sn, m
l : Nh quy nh 5.3.2 nhng phi ly bng 2 mt nu chiu cao ni boong nh
hn 2 mt
h : Khong cch thng ng (m) t trung im ca l n im (d + 0,044L - 0,54),
cao hn mt tn gia y.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

543

CHNG 6 X NGANG CNG XON
6.1 X ngang cng xon
6.1.1 Kt cu v kch thc
1 X ngang cng xon phi tha mn nhng yu cu t (1) n (6) sau y:
(1) Chiu cao ca x ngang cng xon o ti nh m u sn ti mn (gc) phi khng
nh hn 1/5 khong cch nm ngang t mt trong ca x ngang cng xon n nh
m u sn ti mn (xem Hnh 2B/6.1)
(2) Chiu cao x ngang cng xon c th c gim dn t nh m u sn n mt
trong ca x. Ti mt trong ca x chiu cao tit din c th bng 1/2 chiu cao tit
din ti gc
(3) M un chng un tit din ca x ngang cng xon ti nh m u sn khng c
nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau: (xem Hnh 2B/6.2).
Z =
0 1 1 2 2
1
7,1Sl ( bh b h )
2
+ cm
3

Trong :
S : Khong cch cc x ngang cng xon, m
l
0
ca m u sn, m
b
1
m u sn ca x ngang boong hoc sng ngang boong (m). Tuy nhin,
nu boong c kt cu theo h thng dc v gia cc x ngang cng xon
khng t sng ngang boong th b
1
phi c ly bng l
0

b
2
: Na chiu rng ca ming khoang boong c bi x ngang cng xon, m
h
1
: Ti trng boong quy nh 15.1 cho sng ngang boong c bi x
ngang cng xon, kN/m
2

h
2
: Ti trng tc dng ln np ming khoang (kN/m
2
) boong c bi x
ngang cng xon, phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo quy nh t (a) n (c)
sau y, ty theo loi boong:
(a) i vi boong thi tit, h
2
l ti trng boong quy nh 15.1.1-2 cho sng
ngang boong hoc l trng lng thit k ti a ca hng ha trn mt
n v din tch ming khoang (kN/m
2
), ly tr s no ln hn. 15.1.1-2
(1), tr s ca y c th c ly bng khong cch thng ng t ng
ti trng thit k ln nht n mp trn ca thnh ming khoang. Trong
mi trng hp h
2
phi khng nh hn 17,5 (kN/m
2
), i vi ming
khoang v tr I v khng nh hn 12,8 (kN/m
2
), i vi ming khoang
v tr II, quy nh tng ng Chng 17 ca Phn ny.
(b) i vi cc boong khng phi l boong thi tit dng cha hng v d
tr, h
2
l ti trng boong quy nh 15.1.1-1.
(c) i vi cc boong cha c nu ra (a) hoc (b) trn y, h
2
ly bng h
1
.
(4) M un chng un ca tit din x ngang cng xon c th c gim dn t nh
trong ca m u sn vo n mt trong ca x ngang cng xon. Ti mt trong ca
x ngang cng xon m un chng un ca tit din x c th bng 0,60 m un chng
un ca tit din x ti nh trong ca m u sn.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

544

(5) Chiu dy bn thnh ca x ngang cng xon phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cc
cng thc sau y, ly tr s no ln hn:
1 1 2 2
1
c
1
S( bh b h )
2
t 0,0095 2,5
d
+
= + mm
2 c 1
t 7,5d 0,46t 1,5 = + + mm
Trong :
S, b
1
, b
2
, h
1
v h
2
: Nh quy nh (3). Tuy nhin, nu boong c kt cu theo
h thng dc v gia cc x ngang cng xon khng t sng ngang boong th
khong cch nm ngang (m) t mt trong ca x ngang cng xon n tit din
ang xt c ly thay cho b
1
/2 cng thc tnh t
1

d
c
: Chiu cao tit din ca x ngang cng xon ti tit din ang xt (m). Tuy
nhin, trong tnh ton t
1
, chiu cao ca l khot x dc boong chui qua,
nu c, phi c tr khi chiu cao tit din ca x ngang cng xon. Nu
bn thnh ca x ngang cng xon c gn np nm th trong tnh ton t
2
, d
c

c ly bng chiu cao b phn chia.
(6) X ngang cng xon phi c gn cc m chng vn cch nhau khong 3 mt. Bn
thnh ca x ngang cng xon phi c gn np ng ti mi x dc boong gc
Hnh 2B/6.1 X ngang cng xon v m u sn

1 : X ngang cng xon
2 : Sn kho x ngang cng xon
3 : M u sn
A : nh trong ca m u sn
B : Mt trong ca x ngang cng xon

Boong
Mn
1
B
A
3
2
Hnh 2B/6.2 o l
0
, b
1
, b
2
v H
2

Chiu cao ti trng hng ho
H
2,
thy trn hnh v, phi
c xem xt khi h
2
ca
boong di c gi nh.

H
2

b
1

b
2

l
0

b
1

l
0

b
2

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

545
ca x v ti mi x dc boong th hai nhng ch khc.
6.2 Sn khe
6.2.1 Kt cu v kch thc
Sn khe x ngang cng xon phi tha mn nhng yu cu t (1) n (7) sau y:
(1) Chiu cao tit din ca sn khe phi khng nh hn 1/8 chiu di ca sn k c
cc lin kt mt.
(2) M un chng un ca tit din sn khe phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng
thc sau y.Tuy nhin, nu sn khe ni boong lin kt vi x ngang cng xon
boong pha trn c t trn nh sn ca sn khe, th tr s tnh theo cng thc
ny c th c gim xung cn 60%.
Z =
1 1 1 2 2
1
7,1Sl ( bh b h )
2
+ cm
3

Trong :
S : Khong cch gia cc sn khe, m
l
1
: Khong cch nm ngang t mt trong ca x ngang cng xon c n
cnh trong ca sn khe, m
b
1
, b
2
, h
1
v h
2
: Nh quy nh 6.1.1 (3) i vi x ngang cng xon c . Tuy
nhin, nu boong c kt cu theo h thng dc v gia cc x ngang cng
xon khng t sng ngang boong th l
1
phi c thay th cho b
1
.
(3) M un chng un ca tit din sn khe ni boong phi theo cc yu cu (2),
ng thi phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y:
Z =
1 1 1 1 2 2
1
7,1C Sl ( bh b h )
2
+ cm
3

Trong :
S, l
1
, b
1
, b
2
, h
1
v h
2
: Nh quy nh (2)
C
1
: H s tnh theo cng thc sau:
1 1 2 2
1 1 2 2
1
b 'h ' b 'h '
2
0,15 0,5
1
bh b h
2
+
+
+

b
1
, b
2
, h
1
v h
2
: Tng ng l b
1
, b
2
, h
1
v h
2
quy nh (2) i vi x ngang
cng xon nm di sn khe ang xt.
(4) Chiu dy bn thnh phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cc cng thc sau y, ly tr
s no ln hn:
2 1 1 2 2
1
1
w
1
C S( bh b h )
l
2
t 0,0095 2,5
d l
+
= + mm
2 w 1
t 7,5d 0,46t 1,5 = + + mm
Trong :
S, b
1
, b
2
, h
1
, h
2
v l
1
: Nh quy nh (2)
d
w
: Chiu cao tit din nh nht ca sn khe (m). Tuy nhin, trong tnh ton t
1
,
chiu cao l khot dm dc mn chui qua, nu c, phi c tr khi
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

546
chiu cao tit din bn thnh. Nu chiu cao tit din bn thnh ca sn
khe b phn chia bi cc np theo phng ng, th trong tnh ton t
2
, d
w

c ly bng chiu cao b phn chia
l : Chiu di k c lin kt hai mt ca sn khe, m
C
2
: c ly nh sau, trong C
1
c cho (3).
i vi sn khe trong khoang:
C
2
=0,9 nu sn khe lin kt vi x ngang cng xon boong bn trn
c t ln nh ca sn khe ang xt
C
2
=1,5 cc trng hp khc.
i vi sn khe ni boong: C
2
= C
1
+0,6
(5) Nu sn khe x ngang cng xon cng c dm dc mn v sng dc mn, th
kch thc ca sn ngoi nhng yu cu 5.4.2, phi tha mn nhng yu cu sau
y:
(a) M un chng un ca tit din phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc
(2) nhn vi h s h
s
sau y:
Nu sn khe ni boong c x ngang cng xon c t trn:
hs =
2 2
uu
1 1 2 2 1
0,05hl 0,09h l
0,6 9,81
1
1,4( bh b h )l
2
+
+
+

cc trng hp khc: h
s
=1,0
Trong :
l : Chiu di sn khe trong khoang, k c chiu di ca lin kt hai
mt, m
l
u
: Chiu di sn khe ni boong t trc tip pha trn, k c chiu di
ca lin kt hai mt, m
h : Khong cch thng ng t trung im ca l n im d + 0,038 L
cao hn mt tn gia y, m
h
u
: Khong cch thng ng t trung im ca l
u
n im m h c o ti
(m). Tuy nhin, nu im y nm thp hn trung im ca l
u
, th h
u
phi
c ly bng khng
S, b
1
, b
2
, h
1
, h
2
v l
1
: Nh quy nh (2).
(b) Chiu dy bn thnh phi khng nh hn tr s cho (4). Trong tr s ca t
1

phi c cng thm mt lng
t
A tnh theo cng thc sau:
t
w
Shl
0,03
d
A = mm
Trong :
S : Khong cch cc sn khe, m
h v l : Nh quy nh (a) trn y
d
w
: Nh quy nh (4).
(6) M chng vn phi c t bn thnh ca sn khe cch nhau khong 3 mt, v
np phi c t ti mi x dc mn hai on mt ca sn khe v ti mi x dc
mn th hai nhng ch khc ca sn khe.
(7) Sn khe phi c lin kt hu hiu vi cc c cu bn di hoc ngang y
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

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m bo s lin tc ca bn.
6.3 Lin kt ca x ngang cng xon vi sn khe
1 X ngang cng xon vi sn khe n phi c lin kt hu hiu bng m theo nhng
yu cu t (1) n (4) sau y:
(1) Bn knh gc ln cnh t do ca m phi khng nh hn chiu cao tit din ca x
ngang cng xon ti nh m.
(2) Chiu dy ca m phi khng nh hn chiu dy bn thnh ca x ngang cng xon
hoc ca sn khe, ly tr s no ln hn.
(3) M phi c gia cng hu hiu bng cc np.
(4) Cnh t do ca m phi c bn mp c din tch tit din khng nh hn din tch tit
din bn mp ca x ngang cng xon hoc ca sn khe, ly tr s no ln hn. Bn
mp ca m phi c hn vi bn mp ca x ngang cng xon v bn mp ca
sn khe.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

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CHNG 7 GIA CNG CHNG VA
7.1 Quy nh chung
7.1.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Nhng yu cu Chng ny c p dng cho cc kt cu y v mn khoang mi
v khoang ui ca tu.
2 Sn mn phi tha mn cc yu cu Chng 5 ca Phn ny.
7.1.2 Tm chng va
Trong cc khoang mi v khoang ui dng lm kt su phi t tm chng va hu hiu
theo ng tm ca tu hoc kch thc kt cu phi c tng thch ng.
7.1.3 Sng dc to vi tn bao mt gc qu nh
Nu bn thnh ca sng dc lm vi tn bao mt gc qu nh th kch thc ca sng dc
phi c tng thch ng so vi yu cu bnh thng v nu cn th phi to cc
chng vn.
7.2 B tr chng va pha trc vch chng va
7.2.1 B tr v kt cu
1 on pha trc ca vch chng va phi t sng chnh y c tit din cao hoc t
vch dc ng tm ca tu.
2 khoang mi kt cu theo h thng ngang, ngang y c tit din cao phi c
t mi mt sn v cc sng ph y phi c t theo khong cch khng ln hn
2,5 mt. Sn phi c bi cc kt cu Quy nh 7.2.2-5 n -7 t cch nhau
khng xa qu 2,5 mt.
3 khoang mi kt cu theo h thng dc, sng ngang y dm dc y v sng ngang
mn dm dc mn phi c t cch nhau khng xa qu 2,5 mt. Sng ngang y v
sng ngang mn tng ng phi c bi sng ph y v sng dc mn t cch
nhau khong 4,6 mt. Sng ngang mn phi c lin kt cht ch vi sng ngang y.
7.2.2 H thng kt cu ngang
1 Chiu dy ca ngang y v ca sng chnh y phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo
cng thc sau y:
t =0,045L 5,5 + mm
2 ngang y phi c chiu cao tit din v phi t np gia cng thch ng.
3 Cnh trn ca ngang y v ca sng chnh y phi c gia cng thch ng.
4 Chiu dy ca sng ph y phi tng t chiu dy ca sng chnh y v sng ph y
phi c chiu cao tit din thch hp vi chiu cao tit din ngang y.
5 Nu x ngang chng va c t mi mt sn cng vi tm thp c khot l gn ln
x ngang i sut t mn ny sang mn kia th kch thc ca x ngang chng va v tm
khot l phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cc cng thc sau:
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

549
Din tch tit din x ngang chng va: 0,10L +5 (cm
2
)
Chiu dy tm thp khot l: 0,02L +5,5 (mm)
6 Nu t sng dc mn th kch thc ca sng dc mn phi khng nh hn tr s tnh
theo cc cng thc sau y:
Chiu cao tit din bn thnh: 0,2l (m) hoc 2,5 chiu cao ca l khot sn ngang
xuyn qua, hoc tr s tnh theo cng thc sau, ly tr s
no ln nht: 0,0053L + 0,25 (m)
Mun chng un ca tit din: 8Shl
2
(cm
3
)
Chiu dy bn thnh: 0,02L +6,5 (mm)
Trong :
S : Chiu rng ca din tch c bi sng dc mn, m
h : Khong cch thng ng (m) t trung im ca S n im 0,12 L cao hn mt
tn gia y, nhng trong mi trng hp khng c nh hn 0,06 L
l : Khong cch cc ta ca sng dc mn, m.
7 Nu x chng va c t mi mt sn th hai v sng dc mn ni vi tn mn c
t hai u ca cc x chng va th kch thc ca x chng va v sng dc mn phi
tha mn nhng yu cu sau y:
(1) Din tch tit din ngang ca x chng va phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng
thc sau:
F =0,3L cm
2

(2) Kch thc ca sng dc mn phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cc cng thc sau:
Chiu rng : 5,30L +250 mm
Chiu dy : 0,02L +6,5 mm
7.2.3 H thng kt cu dc
1 Nu sng ngang y c ng tm tu th kch thc ca chng phi khng nh
hn tr s tnh theo cc cng thc sau y:
Chiu cao tit din bn thnh: 0,2l (m) hoc 0,0085L + 0,18 (m), ly tr s no ln hn
M un chng un tit din: 1,2SLl
2
(cm
3
)
Chiu dy bn thnh:
1
SLl
0,005 2,5
d
+ (mm), hoc 4 0,6 L + (mm), ly tr s no ln hn.
Trong :
S : Khong cch cc sng ngang, m
l : Chiu di gia cc im ta ca sng ngang, m
d
1
: Chiu cao tit din sng ngang (m) tr chiu cao l khot dm dc chui qua.
2 Kch thc ca sng chnh y phi khng nh hn kch thc ca sng ngang y quy
nh -1.
3 Kch thc ca sng ngang mn x dc mn phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cc
cng thc sau:
Chiu cao tit din bn thnh: 0,2l
0
(m) hoc 0,0053L + 0,25 (m) hoc 2,5 chiu cao l
khot dm dc mn chui qua, ly tr s ln nht.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

550
M un chng un ca tit din: 8Shl
0
2
(cm
3
).
Chiu dy bn thnh:
0
1
SLl
0,042 2,5
d
+ (mm) hoc 0,02L + 6,5 (mm), ly tr s no ln hn.
Trong :
S : Khong cch cc sng ngang mn, m
d
1
: Nh Quy nh -1
h : Khong cch thng ng (m) t trung im ca l
0
n im 0,12 L cao hn
mt tn gia y (m), nhng trong mi trng hp phi khng nh hn 0,06 L
l
0
: Khong cch gia cc ta ca sng ngang mn, m.
4 Sng ngang mn phi c gn cc m chng vn t cch nhau khong 3 mt. Np gia
cng phi c t bn thnh theo mt phng ca mi dm dc mn.
5 Kch thc ca sng dc mn sng ngang mn phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cc
cng thc sau:
Chiu cao tit din bn thnh: 0,2l
1
(m) hoc 0,0053L +0,25 (m), ly tr s ln hn.
M un chng un ca tit din: 4Sh l
0
l
1
(cm
3
)
Chiu dy bn thnh:
1
1
SLl
0,031 2,5
d
+ (mm) hoc 0,02L + 6,5 (mm), ly tr s no ln hn.
Trong :
S : Chiu rng ca vng c bi sng dc mn, m
h : Khong cch thng ng (m) t trung im ca S n im 0,12 L cao hn
mt tn gia y, nhng trong mi trng hp phi khng nh hn 0,06 L
l
0
: Nh Quy nh - 3
l
1
: Chiu di ca sng dc mn, m
d
1
: Chiu cao tit din ca sng dc mn tr chiu cao l khot, m.
6 Kch thc ca cc thanh ging sng ngang phi khng nh hn cc tr s tnh theo
cc cng thc sau:
Din tch tit din:
Nu
l
0,6
k
> : A =
0,77Sbh
l
1 0,5
k
cm
2

Nu
l
0,6
k
s : A =1,1Sbh cm
2

Trong :
S : Khong cch cc sng ngang mn, m
b : Chiu rng ca vng m thanh ging phi , m
h : Khong cch thng ng (m) t trung im ca b n im 0,12 L (m) cao
hn mt tn gia y, nhng trong mi trng hp phi khng nh hn 0,06 L
k :
I
A

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

551
I : M men qun tnh ti thiu ca tit din thanh ging, cm
4
.
A : Din tch tit din thanh ging, cm
2
.
(1) Thanh ging phi c lin kt chc chn vi sng ngang bng m hoc bng mt
bin php thch hp khc. ch t thanh ging sng ngang phi c gn m
chng vn.
(2) Nu chiu rng bn mp ca thanh ging mi bn ca bn thnh ln hn 150 mm,
th bn thnh ca thanh ging phi c gn np t theo khong cch thch hp v
c lin kt vi bn mp n.
7.3 B tr chng va pha sau vch ui
7.3.1 ngang y
Kch thc v v tr ca ngang y khoang ui phi tha mn nhng yu cu
7.2.2.
7.3.2 Sn
Nu chiu di cung gia cc gi ta ca sn ln hn 2,5 mt th kch thc ca sn
phi c tng ln, hoc phi c gia cng thch ng to cng cho kt cu.
7.3.3 Cc c cu khc
Nu kt cu khoang ui tha mn nhng yu cu i vi khoang mi quy nh 7.2 th
kch thc ca cc sng ngang, sng dc mn v thanh chng phi bng 0,67 ln tr s
tng ng quy nh 7.2.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

552
CHNG 8 X BOONG
8.1 Quy nh chung
8.1.1 cong ngang ca boong thi tit
gia tu cong ngang tiu chun ca boong thi tit phi bng B/50.
8.1.2 Lin kt mt x boong
1 X dc boong phi lin tc hoc phi c lin kt bng m cc mt sao cho pht huy
c din tch tit din v c bn chng un v bn chng ko.
2 X ngang boong phi c lin kt vi sn bng m.
3 X ngang boong t cc v tr khng c sn ni boong hoc sn thng tng phi
c lin kt vi tn mn bng m.
4 X ngang boong xung, boong do, v.v..., c th c lin kt bng mc kp cc mt.
8.1.3 Chuyn t h thng x dc sang h thng x ngang
Phi c bit thn trng m bo tnh lin tc ca bn vng m h thng x dc
chuyn sang h thng x ngang.
8.2 X dc boong
8.2.1 Khong cch
Khong cch chun ca cc x dc boong c tnh theo cng thc sau y:
S =2L 550 + mm
8.2.2 T s kch thc
1 X dc boong phi c bi cc sng ngang boong t theo khong cch thch hp.
boong tnh ton trong on gia tu, t s mnh ca x dc boong phi khng ln hn 60.
Tuy nhin nhng yu cu ny c th c thay i thch hp nu x dc boong c
bn chng mt n nh.
2 Thp dt dng lm x dc boong phi c t s chiu cao tit din vi chiu dy khng ln
hn 15.
8.2.3 M un chng un ca tit din x dc boong
1 M un chng un ca tit din x dc boong ngoi vng ng ming khoang ca
boong tnh ton trong on gia tu phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau :
Z =
2
1,14Shl cm
3

Trong :
S : Khong cch gia cc x dc boong, m
h : Ti trng boong Quy nh 15.1, kN/m
2

l : Khong cch nm ngang gia cc sng ngang boong hoc t sng ngang
boong n vch ngang, m.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

553
2 i vi x dc boong pha ngoi vng ng ming khoang ca boong tnh ton m un
chng un c th c gim dn cc phn trc v sau on gia tu theo mt h s
trong cng thc -1. Tuy nhin, trong mi trng hp, m un chng un ca tit din
khng c nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y:
Z =
2
0,43Shl cm
3

Trong :
S, h v l : Nh Quy nh -1.
3 M un chng un ca tit din x dc boong nhng vng khng quy nh -1 v -2
phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo -2.
8.2.4 Sng ngang boong x dc boong
Sng ngang boong phi c t mt sn c ngang c ca y. i vi tu c hai
boong, phi t sng ngang boong trong cng mt phng vi ngang c ca y i.
8.3 X ngang boong
8.3.1 B tr x ngang boong
X ngang boong phi c t trong mi mt sn.
8.3.2 T s kch thc
T s chiu di trn chiu cao tit din ca x ngang boong nn bng hoc nh hn 30
nu l boong tnh ton v nn bng hoc nh hn 40 nu l boong chu lc (boong
di boong tnh ton c coi l mt c cu chu lc trong bn dc ca thn tu) v
boong thng tng.
8.3.3 M un chng un ca tit din x ngang boong
M un chng un ca tit din x ngang boong phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng
thc sau y:
Z =
2
0,43Shl cm
3

Trong :
S : Khong cch gia cc x ngang boong, m
h : Ti trng boong quy nh 15.1, kN/m
2

l : Khong cch nm ngang t nh trong ca m x n sng dc boong hoc
gia cc sng dc boong, m.
8.4 X boong hm vch v cc ch khc
8.4.1 M un chng un
M un chng un ca x boong to thnh nc ca hm vch, hm trc v hm hm trc
phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc 11.2.7.
8.5 X boong nc kt su
8.5.1 M un chng un
M un chng un ca tit din x dc boong to thnh nc kt su phi tha mn cc
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

554
yu cu ca Chng ny v phi khng nh hn tr s tnh t cng thc 12.2.3 ly mt
trn ca x boong lm mt di ca h v coi x boong l np.
8.6 X boong chu ti trng c bit nng
8.6.1 Gia cng x boong
Nhng x boong chu ti trng c bit nng hoc x boong nm cc mt thng tng
hoc lu, ch t ct, ti v my ph, v.v..., phi c gia cng thch ng bng cch
tng kch thc hoc t thm sng boong hoc ct.
8.7 X ca boong ch xe
M un chng un ca tit din x boong ch xe c bnh phi c xc nh cn c vo
ti trng tp trung t xe c bnh.
8.8 X ca boong ch hng khng thng thng
M un chng un ca tit din x trn boong dng ch hng ho khng c coi l ti
trng phn b u phi c xc nh nh l ti trng i vi hng ho c bit.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

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CHNG 9 CT CHNG
9.1 Quy nh chung
9.1.1 Ct ni boong
Ct ni boong phi c t trc tip pha trn ct trong khoang hoc phi c bin php
hu hiu truyn ti trng xung cc di.
9.1.2 Ct trong khoang
Ct trong khoang phi c t ln cc sng ca y n hoc y i hoc phi c gng
gn . Kt cu trn ct v di ct phi c bn phn b ti trng mt cch
c hiu qu.
9.1.3 Lin kt mt ct
nh v chn ct phi c gn bng tm m dy v bng m. Nu ct c th chu ti
trng ko, th d nh ct di hm vch, nc hm hoc nc kt su th nh v chn ct
phi c lin kt hu hiu chu c ti trng ko.
9.1.4 Gia cng cc kt cu lin kt vi ct
Nu ct c lin kt vi tn boong, vi nc hm trc hoc vi sn th cc kt cu
phi c gia cng thch ng.
9.2 Kch thc
9.2.1 Din tch tit din ct
Din tch tit din ct phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau:
A =
0
0,223w
l
2,72
k
cm
2

Trong :
l : Khong cch t mt y trn, t boong hoc t kt cu m ct ta n cnh
di ca x boong hoc sng boong m ct phi , m ( Xem Hnh 2B/9.1 )
k
0
=
I
A

I : M men qun tnh ti thiu ca tit din ct, cm
4

A : Din tch tit din ct, cm
2

w : Ti trng boong m ct quy nh 9.2.2, kN.
9.2.2 Ti trng boong m ct
1 Ti trng boong (w) m ct phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau:
w =
0
kw Sbh + kN
Trong :
S : Khong cch gia cc trung im ca hai nhp k nhau ca sng boong
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

556
c bi ct hoc np vch hoc sng vch, m (Xem Hnh 2B/9.1)
b : Khong cch gia cc trung im ca hai nhp k nhau ca x boong m ct
hay m x phi , m (Xem Hnh 2B/9.1 )
h : Ti trng boong quy nh 15.1 cho boong m ct phi , kN/m
2

w
0
: Ti trng boong m chic ct ni boong trn phi , kN.

Hnh 2B/9.1 o S,b,l,v.v...
k c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
k =
3 2
i i
j j
a a
2 3 1
l l
| | | |
+ | |
| |
\ . \ .

Trong :
a
i
l khong cch nm ngang t ct cn tnh ton n chic ct ni boong trn,
v l
j
l chiu di nhp ca sng boong ct ni boong.
2 Nu c hai hoc nhiu ct ni boong t trn sng boong bi dy ct di th ct di
phi c kch thc theo quy nh -1, ly kw
0
ca mi chic ct ni boong t ln hai nhp
k nhau bi ct di.
3 Nu cc ct ni boong b t dch theo phng ngang tu ra khi cc ct di th kch
thc ca ct di phi c xc nh theo nguyn tc quy nh -1 v -2.
4 Ti trng bi ct ca boong ch hng khng th coi l ti trng phn b u, c xc
nh bng cch xt n ti trng phn b ca tng loi hng ring bit. Nu ti trng hng
ho c th coi nh ti trng tp trung tc ng ln cc im xc nh, th cc quy nh -1
v -2 ni trn c th c p dng sao cho cc ti trng tp trung nh th c coi l ti
trng boong c bi cc ct ni boong trn (w
o
).
9.2.3 Chiu dy ct
b
a
1

a
2

l
2
l
1

S
Vch
l

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

557
1 Chiu dy ca ct ng phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau:
t =
p
0,022d 4,6 + mm
Trong :
d
p
: ng knh ngoi ca ct ng, mm
Tuy nhin, yu cu ny c th c thay i thch hp i vi cc ct t trong khu vc
sinh hot.
2 Chiu dy bn thnh v bn mp ca ct ghp phi chng mt n nh cc b.
9.2.4 ng knh ngoi ca ct trn
ng knh ngoi ca ct trn c v ca ct ng phi khng nh hn 50 mm.
9.2.5 Ct t trong kt su
1 Ct t trong kt su khng c l ct ng.
2 Din tch tit din ct phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc 9.2.1 v tr s tnh
theo cng thc sau :
A =1,09Sbh cm
2

Trong :
S v b: Nh c quy nh 9.2.2-1
h =0,7 ln khong cch thng ng t nc kt su n im 2,0 m cao hn nh
ng trn, m.
9.3 Vch dc v cc kt cu khc b tr thay th cho ct
9.3.1 Kt cu
Vch ngang sng dc boong v vch dc b tr thay th cho ct phi c gia cng
sao cho to c ta khng km hiu qu so vi ta to bi ct chng.
9.4 Vch quy b tr thay th cho ct
9.4.1 Kt cu
Vch quy b tr thay th cho ct phi c kch thc chu c ti trng boong v
p lc ngang.

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CHNG 10 SNG BOONG
10.1 Quy nh chung
10.1.1 Phm vi p dng
Sng ngang boong x dc boong v sng dc boong x ngang boong phi tha
mn nhng yu cu ca Chng ny.
10.1.2 B tr
Trong vng hm vch v nc kt sng boong phi c gng c t cch nhau khng xa
qu 4,6 m.
10.1.3 Kt cu
1 Sng boong phi c bn mp t dc theo cnh di.
2 M chng vn phi c t cch nhau khong 3 m v nu chiu rng ca bn mp mi
bn ca bn thnh ln hn 180 mm th cc m phi c bn mp.
3 Chiu dy bn mp ca sng boong phi khng nh hn chiu dy ca bn thnh. Chiu
rng ca bn mp phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau :
b =
0
85,4 d l mm
Trong :
d
0
: Chiu cao tit din sng boong, m
l : Khong cch gia cc gi ta ca sng (m). Tuy nhin, nu c t cc m
chng vn hu hiu th cc m ny c th c ly lm gi ta.
4 Chiu cao tit din sng phi c gi khng i trn on gia hai vch ln cn nhau,
v phi khng nh hn 2,5 ln chiu cao l khot x boong chui qua.
5 Sng phi c cng chng bin dng qu mc ca boong v ng sut b sung
qu ln x boong.
10.1.4 Lin kt mt
1 Lin kt mt ca sng boong phi tha mn cc yu cu 1.3.4.
2 Np vch v sng vch di cc mt ca sng boong phi c gia cng thch ng
sng boong.
3 Sng dc boong phi lin tc hoc phi c lin kt chc chn m bo s lin tc
cc mt.
10.2 Sng dc boong
10.2.1 M un chng un tit din ca sng dc boong
1 M un chng un tit din ca sng dc boong ngoi ng ming khoang ca boong
tnh ton on gia tu phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau:
Z =1,29l(lbh +kw) cm
3

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559
Trong :
l : Khong cch gia cc ng tm ct hoc t ng tm ct n vch (m). Nu
sng boong c gn hu hiu vi vch bng m th l c th c thay i theo
1.3.6 (xem Hnh 2B/10.1)
b : Khong cch gia cc trung im ca hai nhp k nhau ca x c bi sng
hoc sn, m (xem Hnh 2B/10.1)
h : Ti trng boong Quy nh 15.1 cho boong c , kN/m
2

w : Ti trng boong c bi ct ni boong nh quy nh 9.2, kN
k : Nh Quy nh (1) v (2) sau y:
(1) H s tnh theo cng thc sau ty thuc t s khong cch nm ngang t ct
hoc vch sng boong n ct ni boong a (m) v l (xem Hnh 2B/10.1).
2
a a
12 1
l l
| |
|
\ .

(2) Nu ch c mt ct ni boong, th k c xc nh bng cch o a t ct hoc
vch gn nht. Nu c hai hoc nhiu ct ni boong th a phi c o t
cng mt mt ca l cho mi ct ni boong v tng ca kw s c dng
tnh ton cng thc. Trong trng hp ny, tr s ln hn trong cc tng ca
kw c s dng.

Hnh 2B/10.1 o l, a v b
b
b
a
l
(Xem 1.3.6)
Vch
CL
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560
2 Ra ngoi on gia tu, m un chng un tit din ca sng dc boong ngoi ng
ming khoang ca boong tnh ton c th c gim. Tuy nhin, trong mi trng hp m
un chng un ca tit din ny phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau:
Z = ( ) 0,484l lbh kw + cm
3

Trong :
l, b, h, w v k : Nh c quy nh -1.
3 M un chng un tit din ca sng dc boong nhng vng khng c quy nh -1
v -2 phi khng c nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc -2.
4 M un chng un tit din ca sng dc boong ca boong ch hng khng c coi l
hng phn b u c xc nh bng cch xt n ti trng phn b ca tng loi hng
ring bit. Nu ti trng hng c th coi l ti trng tp trung tc ng ln cc im xc
nh, th cc quy nh -1 n -3 ni trn c th c p dng sao cho cc ti trng tp
trung nh vy c coi l ti trng boong bi cc ct ni boong trn (w).
10.2.2 M men qun tnh ca sng dc boong
M men qun tnh ca sng dc boong (I) phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau:
I =CZl cm
4

Trong :
1,6 : i vi sng boong ngoi ng ming khoang ca boong tnh ton on
gia tu
4,2 : i vi cc sng boong khc
Z : M un chng un tit din yu cu ca sng boong quy nh 10.2.1, cm
3

l : Nh quy nh 10.2.1-1.
1 Chiu dy bn thnh phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau:
t =
1
10S 2,5 + mm
Trong :
S
1
: Khong cch gia cc np gia cng bn thnh hoc chiu cao tit din ca
sng, ly tr s no nh hn (m).
2 hai on mt di 0,2l, chiu dy bn thnh phi khng nh hn tr s Quy nh -1 v
tr s tnh theo cng thc sau, ly tr s no ln hn:

0
4,43 bhl
t' 2,5
1000 d
= + mm
Trong :
d
0
: Chiu cao tit din ca sng, m
b, h v l : Nh quy nh 10.2.1-1.
3 Trong cc kt su chiu dy bn thnh phi ln hn cc tr s tnh theo cc cng thc -1
v -2 l 1,0 mm.
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10.3 Sng ngang boong
10.3.1 M un chng un tit din ca sng ngang boong
1 M un chng un ca tit din sng ngang boong phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo
cng thc sau :
Z =0,484l(lbh +kw) cm
3

Trong :
l : Khong cch gia cc ng tm ct hoc t ng tm ct n nh trong ca
m x, m
b : Khong cch gia hai sng ngang ln cn nhau hoc t sng ngang n vch, m.
h : Nh quy nh 15.1, kN/m
2

w v k : Nh quy nh 10.2.1-1.
2 M un chng un tit din ca sng ngang boong ca boong ch hng khng c coi l
hng phn b u c xc nh bng cch xt n ti trng phn b ca tng loi hng
ring bit. Nu ti trng hng c th coi l ti trng tp trung tc ng ln cc im xc
nh, th cc quy nh -1 ni trn c th c p dng sao cho cc ti trng tp trung
nh vy c coi l ti trng boong bi cc ct ni boong trn (w).
10.3.2 M men qun tnh ca tit din sng ngang boong
M men qun tnh ca tit din sng phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau:
I =4,2Z l cm
4

Trong :
Z : M un chng un yu cu ca tit din sng quy nh 10.3.1, cm
3

l : Nh Quy nh 10.3.1.
Chiu dy ca bn thnh phi tha mn cc yu cu 10.2.3.
10.4 Sng boong trong cc kt
10.4.1 M un chng un tit din ca sng boong
M un chng un ca tit din sng boong trong cc kt phi tha mn cc yu cu
10.2.1 hoc 10.3.1 v cng phi tha mn cc yu cu 12.2.4-1.
10.4.2 M men qun tnh ca sng boong
M men qun tnh ca tit din sng phi tha mn cc yu cu 12.2.4-2.
Chiu dy bn thnh ca sng trong cc kt phi tha mn cc yu cu 10.2.3 hoc
10.3.3 v cng phi tha mn cc yu cu 12.2.4-3.
10.5 Sng dc ming khoang
10.5.1 Sng dc c thnh cao trn boong
Nu thnh cao ca ming khoang c t trn boong nh trng hp ming khoang
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boong thi tit, th theo tha thun vi ng kim, np nm v phn bn thnh tnh ln
n np c th c a vo tnh ton m un chng un ca tit din sng boong.
10.5.2 S lin tc ca bn gc ming khoang
gc ming khoang, bn mp ca thnh dc ming khoang v ca sng dc boong hoc
ca cc on ko di ca chng v cc bn mp c hai bn ca x ngang u ming
khoang phi c lin kt chc chn vi nhau m bo s lin tc ca bn.
10.6 X ngang u ming khoang
10.6.1 Kch thc
Kch thc ca x ngang u ming khoang phi tha mn cc yu cu 10.3 v 10.4.
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CHNG 11 VCH KN NC
11.1 B tr vch kn nc
11.1.1 Vch chng va
1 Tu phi c vch chng va t khong cch khng nh hn 0,05 L
f
, tnh t mt trc
ca chiu di o mn kh, nhng khng ln hn 0,08 L
f
hoc 0,05 L
f
+3,0 (m), ly tr s
no ln hn, tr khi v l do c bit c ng kim chp nhn. Tuy nhin, nu c phn
no ca tu nm pha di ng nc cao bng 85% chiu cao mn thit k nh
nht ca tu, vn qu mt trc ca chiu di o mn kh, th khong cch ni trn phi
c o t mt im cho tr s nh nht t cc im sau y:
(1) Trung im ca on vn ni trn;
(2) im cch 0,015 L
f
v pha trc mt trc ca chiu di o mn kh.
2 Trong phm vi quy nh -1 vch c th c bc hoc hm.
3 Khng c khot bt k l khot, ca i li, l ngi chui hoc knh thng gi no v.v...
vch chng va nm di boong vch. Nu vch chng va ko ln n mt boong nm
trn boong mn kh tho mn quy nh 11.1.5(2), th c th c khot l, nhng s
lng l khot phn ko di ca vch chng va phi c hn ch mc cn thit
ti thiu v tt c cc l khot nh vy phi c thit b ng kn thi tit.
4 cc tu c ca mi, vic b tr vch chng va phi c ng kim xt duyt c bit.
Tuy nhin, nu c cu dn dc (cu dn) to thnh mt phn ca vch chng va trn
boong vch, th phn cu dn cao hn 2,3 mt trn boong vch c th c php vn
v pha trc qu gii hn quy nh -1. Trong trng hp ny cu dn phi kn nc
trn ton b chiu di ca n. Tuy nhin, nhng cu dn khng tho mn quy nh nu
trn s khng c xem nh phn ko di ca vch chng va.
11.1.2 Vch khoang ui
1 Tt c cc tu phi c vch khoang ui t v tr thch hp.
2 ng bao trc ui phi nm trong khoang kn nc to bi vch khoang ui hoc mt kt
cu thch hp khc.
11.1.3 Vch bung my
hai u bung my phi t vch kn nc.
11.1.4 Vch khoang
1 Thm vo cc quy nh t 11.1.1 n 11.1.3, cc tu hng kiu thng thng c chiu
di t 67 mt tr ln phi c cc vch khoang t theo khong cch thch hp sao cho
tng s vch kn nc phi khng nh hn tr s cho Bng 2-B/11.1.
Bng 2B/11.1 S lng vch kn nc
L (m)
Bng v ln hn Nh hn
Tng s vch kn nc
67 87 4
87 90 5
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564
2 Nu do yu cu khai thc ca tu m khng th b tr c s lng vch khoang nh
yu cu trn th phi c mt gii php khc c ng kim chp nhn.
11.1.5 Chiu cao ca vch kn nc
Cc vch kn nc quy nh t 11.1.1 n 11.1.4 phi ko ln n boong mn kh vi
nhng trng hp ngoi l sau y:
(1) vng boong dng ui hoc boong thng tng mi thp hn tiu chun vch kn
nc phi ko ln n cc boong .
(2) Nu thng tng mi c ming khot khng c thit b ng kn v dn vo khng
gian di boong mn kh, hoc nu c thng tng mi di th vch chng va phi
ko ln n boong thng tng v phi kn nc. Tuy nhin, nu phn vch ko thm
nm trong cc vng quy nh 11.1.1 v phn boong to thnh bc l kt cu kn
nc hu hiu th phn ko thm ca vch khng cn thit phi c t trc tip
trn phn vch di .
(3) Vch ui c th c kt thc boong pha di ca boong mn kh v pha
trn ca ng trng ti thit k cc i vi iu kin l boong phi kn nc
n ui tu.
11.1.6 bn ngang ca thn tu
1 Nu nhng vch kn nc yu cu t 11.1.1 n 11.1.5 khng ko ln ti boong tnh
ton th ngay trn hoc gn trn vch kn nc chnh phi t nhng c cu khe hoc
nhng on vch m bo bn ngang v cng ngang ca thn tu.
2 Nu chiu di ca khoang ln hn 30 mt th phi c bin php thch hp m bo
bn ngang v cng ngang ca thn tu.
11.1.7 Hm xch
1 Hm xch sau vch chng va hoc trong khoang mi phi kn nc v phi c phng
tin tiu nc bng bm.
2 Hm xch phi c phn chia bng vch ngn dc tm.
11.2 Kt cu ca vch kn nc
11.2.1 Chiu dy tn vch
Chiu dy tn vch phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau:
t =3,2S h 2,5 + mm
Trong :
S : Khong cch gia cc np, m
h : Khong cch thng ng (m) t cnh di ca tm tn vch n boong vch o
ng tm tu, nhng trong mi trng hp phi khng nh hn 3,4 m.
11.2.2 Tng chiu dy tn vch nhng ch c bit
1 Chiu dy di di cng ca tn vch t nht phi ln hn 1 mm so vi chiu dy tnh
ton t cng thc 11.2.1.
2 on c y i, di di cng ca tn vch t nht phi ln n 610 mm cao hn mt
tn y trn. on c y n, di di cng ca tn vch t nht phi ln n 915 mm
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565
cao hn mt tn gia y. Nu y i ch c mt bn ca vch th di di cng phi
ko ln n chiu cao no cao hn trong hai chiu cao quy nh trn.
3 Tn vch rnh tiu nc t nht phi dy hn 2,5 mm so vi chiu dy quy nh 11.2.1.
4 vng l khot t ng bao trc ui hoc trc chn vt, tn vch phi l tm kp hoc
phi c tng chiu dy, khng ph thuc vo nhng yu cu 11.2.1.
11.2.3 Np
M un chng un ca tit din np vch phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau:
Z =
2
2,8CShl cm
3

Trong :
l : Chiu di nhp np o gia cc ln cn ca np k c chiu di ca lin kt
(m). Nu c sng vch th l l khong cch t chn ca lin kt mt n chic
sng th nht hoc l khong cch gia cc sng vch
S : Khong cch gia cc np,m
h : Khong cch thng ng (m) t trung im ca l, nu l np ng, v t trung
im ca khong cch hai np ln cn hai bn ca np ang xt, nu l np
nm, n nh ca boong vch o ng tm tu. Nu khong cch thng
ng ny nh hn 6,0 mt th h c ly bng 1,2 mt cng vi 0,8 ln khong
cch thng ng thc.
C : H s cho Bng 2B/11.2 ty thuc kiu ca cc lin kt mt np.
Bng 2B/11.2 Tr s ca C
Np ng
Mt trn
Lin kt Mt di Lin kt hn ta hoc
bng sng nm
Kiu A Kiu B
Mt np
khng lin kt
Lin kt hn ta hoc
bi sng nm
1,00 1,00 1,15 1,35
Lin kt bng m 0,80 0,80 0,90 1,00
Ch c bn thnh ca np
c lin kt mt
1,15 1,15 1,35 1,60
Mt np khng lin kt 1,35 1,35 1,60 2,00
Np nm
Mt mt
Mt kia Lin kt hn ta, lin kt bng m
hoc bi sng ng
Mt np
khng lin kt
Lin kt hn ta, lin kt bng
m hoc bi sng ng
1,00 1,35
Mt np khng lin kt 1,35 2,00
Ch thch:
1 Lin kt hn ta l lin kt m c bn thnh v bn mp ca np c hn chc chn
vo tn boong, tn vch hoc tn y trn, cc tm tn c gia cng bng c cu
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566
ta t mt i din.
2 Lin kt kiu A ca np ng l lin kt bng m vi c cu dc hoc vi c cu k
cn cng mt phng vi np, c cng tit din hoc tit din ln hn (Xem Hnh
2B/11.1 (a)).
3 Lin kt kiu B ca np ng l lin kt bng m vi c cu ngang nh x boong hoc
mt lin kt khc tng ng vi lin kt ni trn (Xem Hnh 2B/11.1 (b)).

11.2.4 Vch chng va
i vi vch chng va, chiu dy tn v m un chng un ca tit din np phi khng
nh hn tr s quy nh 11.2.1 v 11.2.3, ly h bng 1,25 chiu cao quy nh .
11.2.5 Sng vch np vch
1 M un chng un ca tit din sng vch phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau:
Z =
2
4,75Shl cm
3

Trong :
S : Chiu rng ca vng m sng phi , m
h : Khong cch thng ng (m) o t trung im ca l i vi sng ng, hoc o
t trung im ca S i vi sng nm n nh boong vch ng tm tu.
Nu khong cch thng ng ny nh hn 6,0 mt th h c ly bng 1,2 mt
cng 0,8 ln khong cch thng ng thc.
l : Chiu di nhp o gia cc gi ta ln cn ca sng, m.
2 M men qun tnh ca tit din sng vch phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc
sau. Trong mi trng hp chiu cao tit din sng vch phi khng nh hn 2,5 chiu
cao l khot np vch xuyn qua.
I =
4
10hl cm
4

Trong :
3 Chiu dy bn thnh ca sng vch phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau:
t =
1
10S 2,5 + mm
Trong :
S
1
: Khong cch gia cc np gia cng bn thnh hoc chiu cao tit din sng, ly
tr s no nh hn, m
Hnh 2B/11.1 Cc kiu lin kt mt
(a)
l
l
(b)
Ch bn thnh ca
np c lin kt
l
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567
4 M chng vn phi c t cch nhau khong 3 mt. Nu chiu rng ca bn mp mi
bn ca bn thnh ca sng vch ln hn 180 mm th m chng vn phi c bn mp.
11.2.6 Gia cng tn vch, tn boong, v.v...
Nu thy cn thit th tn vch, tn boong, tn y trn, v.v..., phi c gia cng vng
m mt np vch v m mt sng vch.
11.2.7 Hm vch
1 Trong vng hm vch, x boong phi c t mi mt sn v ngay di vch pha
trn theo yu cu 8.3.3 v 11.2.3 ly khong cch x boong bng khong cch np. Nu
cnh di ca vch trn c gia cng c bit th c th khng cn t x boong
ngay di vch pha trn.
2 Chiu dy tn boong vng hm vch t nht phi ln hn 1mm so vi chiu dy yu cu
11.2.1, coi tn boong l tn vch v x boong l np vch. Trong mi trng hp chiu
dy phi khng nh hn chiu dy yu cu i vi tn boong vng .
3 Chiu dy ca ct hm vch phi c xc nh c xt n p sut nc c th tc
dng vo mt trn ca hm vch v cc lin kt mt phi chu c p sut nc
tc dng mt di.
11.2.8 Kt cu vch vng t ca kn nc
Nu np vch b ct hoc khong cch gia cc np b tng t ca kn nc vch
th l khot phi c kt cu thch hp v phi c gia cng gi nguyn bn
ca vch. Trong mi trng hp, khung ca khng c coi l np vch.
11.3 Ca kn nc
11.3.1 Quy nh chung
1 Tt c cc l khot vch kn nc v phn boong l dng bc ca cc vch phi c
ng kn bng thit b ng kn nc (sau y gi l ca kn nc) tha mn cc yu cu
t 11.3.2 n 11.3.5.
2 Cc ca kn nc nh quy nh -1 ni trn phi l loi ca thng ng kn bin, tr khi
ng kim thy cn thit phi m v hot ng ca tu. Nhng ca kn nc hoc cc cu
dn vo trong cc khoang hng c c phn khoang, phi c ng c nh bin.
11.3.2 Cc loi ca kn nc
1 Cc ca kn nc phi l ca kiu trt.
2 Khng ph thuc vo quy nh -1 nu trn, cc ca kn nc t nhng li qua li
nh, nu ng kim chp nhn, c th l ca bn l hoc ca kiu cun, tr khi theo quy
nh 11.3.4-2 cc ca ny phi l loi iu kin c t xa.
3 Khng ph thuc vo quy nh -1 nu trn, cc ca kn nc hoc cc cu dn vo
trong cc khoang hng c phn khoang c th l ca khng phi l ca kiu trt.
4 Khng cho php dng nhng ca ng bng cch th ri hoc bng tc dng ca trng
lng th ri.
11.3.3 bn v kn
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568
1 Ca kn nc phi bn v kn nc khi chu p sut nc cao n boong vch, khung
ca phi c lin kt chc chn vi vch. Nu ng kim thy cn thit th ca kn nc
phi c th bng p sut nc trc khi c lp ln tu.
2 Nu cc ca kn nc c lp t trong khoang hng, th chng phi c bo v chng
hng do hng ho v.v... bng thit b ph hp.
11.3.4 Kim sot
1 Tt c cc ca kn nc, tr cc ca phi ng kn c nh trn bin, phi c kh nng
ng v m ti ch bng tay, t c hai bn, khi tu b nghing n 30
o
v hai mn.
2 B sung vo quy nh -1 nu trn, cc ca kn nc c php s dng hoc m bnh
thng trn bin, phi c kh nng ng c t xa bng in t bung li.
3 Bt k ca kn nc no phi khng th m c t xa. Ngoi ra, khng c kim sot
t xa cc ca kn nc phi p dng cc quy nh ca 11.3.2-3.
11.3.5 Ch bo
1 Tt c cc ca kn nc, tr cc ca kn nc phi ng kn c nh bin, phi t cc
ch bo ch r ca m hay ng lu li v tt c cc v tr thao tc.
2 i vi cc ca kn nc c kh nng ng c t xa, phi t ch bo ti ch ch r
rng ca ang ch kim sot t xa.
11.3.6 Bo ng
i vi cc ca kn nc c kh nng ng c t xa, phi lp bo ng bng m
thanh, s bo ng ti v tr ca bt k khi no ca c ng t xa.
11.3.7 Ngun in
1 Kim sot t xa, cc ch bo v bo ng quy nh 11.3.4 n 11.3.6 phi c kh nng
hot ng c ngay c khi mt ngun in chnh.
2 H thng in dng cho cc thit b nu -1 khng c t di boong mn kh, ngoi
tr kiu chu nc c ng kim duyt.
3 Cp in dng cho cc thit b nu -1 phi ph hp vi cc quy nh 2.9.11-3, Phn 4.
11.3.8 Ch thch
1 Cc ca kn nc phi ng kn bnh thng trn bin nhng khng lp thit b ng t
xa, phi c ch thch gn c nh c hai bn ca ghi r Phi ng kn bin.
2 Cc ca kn nc ng kn c nh bin phi c ch thch gn c nh c hai bn ca
ghi r Khng c m bin. Cc ca c th n gn trong qu trnh hnh hi phi gn
thit b chng m.
11.3.9 Ca trt
1 Nu ca trt kn nc c iu khin bng cc thanh truyn, th hng dn ca thanh
iu khin cng thng cng tt v ch cn vn mt ai c bng ng thau hoc mt vt liu
khc c chp nhn.
2 Khung ca cc trt kn nc theo phng ng phi khng c rnh y trnh ng
cn bn v lm cn tr vic ng kn ca.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

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11.3.10 Ca bn l v ca cun
1 Ca kn nc kiu bn l v kiu cun, cc cht bn l v trc quay ca cc ca ny phi
bng ng thau hoc bng mt vt liu c chp nhn khc.
2 Cc ca kn nc kiu bn l v kiu cun, tr cc ca phi ng kn c nh bin, phi
l kiu hot ng nhanh hoc hot ng ring l, c kh nng ng c v xit cht
c t c hai pha ca.
11.4 Cc kt cu kn nc khc
11.4.1 Duy tr tnh kn nc ca hm boong
i vi cc tu p dng Chng ny, cc hm boong phi c duy tr tnh kn nc
c kh nng chu ng c p sut bn trong hoc bn ngoi trong trng thi khai thc
xu nht giai on ngp nc trung gian hoc cui cng.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

570
CHNG 12 KT SU
12.1 Quy nh chung
12.1.1 nh ngha
Kt su (Deep tank) l kt dng cha nc, du nhin liu v nhng cht lng khc,
to thnh mt phn ca thn tu trong cc khoang hoc ni boong. Nhng kt su
dng cha du c gi l Kt su cha du, nu cn phi quy nh ring bit.
12.1.2 Phm vi p dng
1 Nhng vch ngn khoang mi v khoang ui, nhng vch bin ca kt su (tr nhng
kt su dng cha du c im bt chy di 60
o
C) phi c kt cu theo cc yu
cu ca Chng ny. Nu phn no ca vch kt su c dng nh vch kn nc th
phn phi tha mn yu cu ca Chng 11.
2 Ngoi nhng yu cu ca Chng ny, vch ca nhng kt su dng cha du c
im bt chy di 60
o
C, phi p dng b sung cc yu cu Chng 22.
12.1.3 Vch ngn trong cc kt
1 Kt su phi c kch thc thch hp v phi c nhng vch ngn kn nc dc cn thit
tha mn cc yu cu v n nh trong iu kin khai thc v trong qu trnh np v x.
2 Nhng kt nc ngt hoc kt du nhin liu hoc nhng kt c d kin khng cha
y trong iu kin khai thc, phi c vch ngn b sung hoc nhng tm chng va cn
thit gim lc ng tc dng vo kt cu.
3 Nu khng th tha mn c nhng yu cu -2, th phi tng cc kch thc quy nh
Chng ny.
4 Cc vch ngn dc kn nc chu p sut t c hai bn ca cc kt cha y hoc cc kt
trng trong iu kin khai thc, c th c cc kch thc nh yu cu i vi cc vch kn
nc thng thng quy nh Chng 11. Trong trng hp kt phi c ming cao,
v.v..., vi phng tin kim tra m bo rng kt c cha y trong iu kin khai
thc.
12.2 Vch kt su
12.2.1 Phm vi p dng
Tr khi c nhng yu cu khc ca Chng ny, kt cu ca cc vch v boong to thnh
bin ca kt su phi tha mn nhng yu cu ca Chng 11.
12.2.2 Tn vch
Chiu dy ca tn vch kt su phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau :
t =3,6S h 3,5 + mm
Trong :
S : Khong cch gia cc np vch, m
h : Khong cch c cho di y, ly tr s no ln hn:
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

571
(1) Khong cch thng ng (m) o t cnh di ca tm tn n trung im ca
khong cch t nc kt n nh ng trn. i vi vch ca nhng kt ln,
phi xt ti p sut nc b sung.
(2) 0,7 ln khong cch thng ng (m) t cnh di ca tm tn n im 2,0
mt cao hn nh ng trn.
12.2.3 Np vch
M un chng un ca tit din np vch phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau:
Z =
2
7CShl cm
3

Trong :
S v l : Nh quy nh 11.2.3
h : Khong cch thng ng (m) c cho di y ly tr s no ln hn, mt di
c coi l trung im ca l, nu l np ng, v c coi l trung im ca
khong cch gia hai np k v 2 bn ca chic np ang xt nu l np nm:
(1) Khong cch thng ng t mt di n trung im ca khong cch t nc
kt n nh ng trn. i vi np vch ca nhng kt ln, phi quan tm ti
p sut nc b sung.
(2) 0,7 ln khong cch thng ng t mt di n im 2,0 mt cao hn
nh ng trn.
C : H s c cho trong Bng 2B/12.1 ty thuc kiu lin kt mt np.
Bng 2B/12.1 Tr s C
Np ng
Mt mt
Lin kt Mt kia Lin kt hn ta hoc
bng sng
Kiu A Kiu B
Mt np
khng lin kt
Lin kt hn ta
hoc bi sng
1,00 1,85 1,30 1,50
Kiu A 0,85 0,70 1,15 1,30 Lin kt
Kiu B 1,30 1,15 0,85 1,15
Mt np khng lin kt 1,50 1,30 1,15 1,50
Ch thch:
1 Lin kt kiu A l lin kt bng m ca np vi y i hoc mt np c bn tng
ng vi tm mp ca c cu k cn, hoc lin kt bng m vi c cu c bn
tng ng (xem Hnh 2B/11.1 (a)).
(2) Lin kt kiu B l lin kt bng m ca np vi c cu ngang nh x boong, sn hoc
c cu tng ng (xem Hnh 2B/11.1 (b)).
12.2.4 Sng np vch
1 M un chng un ca tit din sng phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau:
Z =
2
7,13Shl cm
3

Trong :
S : Chiu rng ca vng m sng phi , m
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

572
h : Khong cch thng ng (m) t trung im ca S, nu l sng nm, hoc t trung
im ca l, nu l sng ng, n im nh ca h quy nh 12.2.3
l : Chiu di nhp o gia hai gi ta ln cn ca sng, m.
2 M men qun tnh tit ca din sng phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau.
Trong mi trng hp chiu cao tit din sng phi khng nh hn 2,5 chiu cao ca l
khot np xuyn qua:
I =
4
30hl cm
4

Trong :
3 Chiu dy bn thnh phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau:
t =
1
10S 3,5 mm
Trong :
S
1
: Khong cch cc np gia cng bn thnh hoc chiu cao tit din sng, ly tr
s no nh hn, m.
12.2.5 Thanh ging
1 Nu c nhng thanh ging hu hiu t qua kt su lin kt cc sng vch kt th
nhp l ca sng quy nh 12.2.4 c th c o t mt ca sng n ng tm ca
thanh ging hoc o gia cc ng tm ca hai thanh ging ln cn nhau.
2 Din tch tit din ca thanh ging phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau:
F =
S
1,3Sb h cm
2

Trong :
S v h : Nh quy nh 12.2.4
b
S
: Chiu rng ca vng m thanh ging phi , m.
3 Cc mt ca thanh ging phi c lin kt vi sng bng m.
12.2.6 Kt cu ca nc v y
Kch thc ca cc c cu to thnh nc v y ca kt su phi tha mn cc yu cu
ca Chng ny, coi cc c cu nh l cc c cu to thnh vch ca kt su ti .
Trong mi trng hp cc kch thc ca cc c cu phi khng nh hn cc kch
thc yu cu i vi boong v y ti vng . Tn nc ca kt su phi c chiu dy t
nht l 1 mm ln hn chiu dy quy nh 12.2.2.
12.2.7 Kch thc ca cc c cu khng tip xc vi nc bin
1 Chiu dy ca tn vch v sng vch khng tip xc vi nc bin trong iu kin khai thc
c th c gim so vi cc yu cu 12.2.2, 12.2.4-3, mt lng c cho di y:
(1) Nu tm ch c mt mt tip xc vi nc bin: 0,5 mm
(2) Nu tm c hai mt khng tip xc vi nc bin: 1,0 mm
Tuy nhin tm vch cc vng nh rnh hng phi c coi l tip xc vi nc bin.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

573
12.3 Ph tng ca kt su
12.3.1 L thng nc v l thng kh
L thng nc v l thng kh phi c khot cc c cu m bo cho nc v
khng kh khng t li bt c ch no trong kt su.
12.3.2 Bin php tiu nc t nc kt
Phi c bin php hu hiu tiu nc t nc kt.
12.3.3 Phng tin kim tra mc cht lng
Phng tin kim tra mc cht lng kt su phi c t theo yu cu 12.1.3 ti ch
c th tip cn ngay c v vic np y nc phi c thc hin cho phng tin
kim tra m n mc c th chp nhn.
12.3.4 Ngn cch ly
1 Ngn cch ly kn du phi c t gia cc kt cha du v kt cha nc ngt nh
nc sinh hot, nc ni hi, v.v..., ngn nga kh nng lm bn nc do b ln du.
2 Khu vc thy th v khu vc hnh khch phi khng c trc tip k vi kt cha du
t. Cc khu vc phi c phn cch vi kt du t bng nhng ngn cch ly c
thng gi tt v d tip cn. Nu nc kt cha du khng c l khot v c bc bng
cht khng chy c chiu dy bng v ln hn 38 mm th gia cc khu vc v nc kt
cha du t khng cn phi t ngn cch ly.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

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CHNG 13 BN DC
13.1 Quy nh chung
13.1.1 Trng hp c bit trong p dng
i vi nhng trng hp c nhng vn m vic p dng trc tip nhng yu cu ca
Chng ny l khng hp l, th nhng vn phi c ng kim chp thun.
13.1.2 S lin tc v bn
Cc c cu dc phi c b tr sao cho m bo s lin tc v bn.
13.2 bn un
13.2.1 bn un on gia tu
1 M un chng un ca tit din ngang thn tu ( ) Z
o
on gia tu phi khng nh hn
tr s tnh theo cng thc sau. Tuy nhin, yu cu ny c th c min gim khi p dng
cho nhng tu c chiu di khng ln hn 60 mt theo s tha thun vi ng kim:
s w
Z 5,72(M M )
o
= + cm
3

Trong :
M
s
: M men un dc ln nht ca tu trn nc lng (kN.m) lm thn tu vng xung
hoc vng ln tng ng, ti tit din ngang ang xt theo chiu di tu, cc
trng thi ti trng c th xy ra, tnh ton theo phng php c ng kim
tha nhn.
M
w
: M men un dc tu trn sng (kNm) ti tit din ngang ang xt theo chiu di
tu, tnh theo cc cng thc di y vi gi tr M
s
ng vi trng hp thn tu
un vng xung hoc thn tu un vng ln:
- Trng hp m men un M
s
lm thn tu vng xung:
M
ws
=
2
1 2 1 b
0,11C C L B(C' 0,7) +
- Trng hp m men un M
s
lm thn tu vng ln:
M
wh
=
2
1 2 1 b
0,19C C L BC'
Trong :
C
1
: c tnh theo cng thc sau y: C
1
=0,03L
1
+5
L
1
: Chiu di ca tu quy nh 1.2.20, Phn 1A hoc 0,97 ln chiu di o theo
ng nc ch hng thit k ln nht, ly tr s no nh hn, m
C'
b
: Th tch chim nc ng nc ch hng thit k ln nht chia cho L
1
Bd.
Tuy nhin, nu t s ny nh hn 0,6 th C'
b
c ly bng 0,6.
C
2
: H s quy nh theo v tr tit din ngang thn tu ang xt theo chiu di tu,
c cho Hnh 2B/13.1.
2 Mc d nhng yu cu -1, m un chng un ca tit din ngang thn tu ti trung im
ca L phi khng nh hn tr s W
min
2
min 1 1 b
W C L B(C' 0,7) = + cm
3

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

575
Trong :
C
1
, L
1
v C'
b
: Nh quy nh -1.
3 M men qun tnh ca tit din ngang thn tu ti trung im ca L phi khng nh hn tr
s tnh theo cng thc sau. Tuy nhin, phng php tnh m men qun tnh thc ca tit
din ngang ca thn tu phi theo cc quy nh tng ng 13.2.3.
I =
min 1
3W L cm
4

Trong :
W
min
: M un chng un tit din ngang thn tu ti trung im ca L nh quy nh -
2.
L
1
: Nh quy nh -1.

Khong cch tnh t mt cui ca L
Hnh 2B/13.1 Tr s ca h s C
2

4 Kch thc ca cc c cu dc thn tu on gia tu phi khng nh hn kch thc
ca cc c cu dc o ti trung im ca L xc nh theo yu cu -2 v -3, khng k
nhng thay i kch thc do s thay i hnh dng ca tit din ngang thn tu.
13.2.2 bn un nhng tit din nm ngoi phm vi on gia tu
bn un nhng tit din nm ngoi phm vi on gia tu phi c xc nh theo
cc yu cu 15.3.
13.2.3 Tnh ton m un chng un ca tit din ngang thn tu
Vic tnh ton m un chng un ca tit din ngang thn tu phi da trn cc yu cu t
(1) n (6) sau y:
(1) Mi c cu dc c coi l hu hiu i vi bn dc phi c a vo tnh ton.
(2) Nhng l khot boong tnh ton phi c tr khi tit din dng trong tnh ton m
un chng un. Tuy nhin, nhng l khot nh c chiu di khng qu 2,5 m v c
chiu rng khng qu 1,2 m, s khng cn phi tr i nu tng chiu rng cc l khot
ti mt tit din ngang khng ln hn: 0,06(B - b
), trong b
l tng chiu rng

ca cc l khot c chiu rng ln hn 1,2 m hoc c chiu di ln hn 2,5 m.
(3) Khng ph thuc vo cc yu cu (2), cc l khot boong tnh ton s khng b
tr nu tng chiu rng ca chng ti mi tit din ngang khng lm gim m un
chng un tnh vi boong tnh ton hoc vi y tu qu 3%.
(4) Nhng l khot boong quy nh (2) v (3) gm c vng ph khut to bi hai ng
on gia tu
1,0
C
2

Mt sau ca L 0,3L 0,4L 0,65L 0,7L Mt trc ca L
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

576
tip tuyn vi l khot to thnh gc 30
o
c nh trn ng tm l khot nh theo
chiu di ca tu.
(5) M un chng un tnh vi boong tnh ton phi c tnh bng cch chia m men
qun tnh ca tit din ngang thn tu quanh trc trung ha nm ngang cho khong
cch (a) hoc (b) sau y ly tr s no ln hn:
(a) Khong cch thng ng t trc trung ha n mt boong tnh ton o mn tu,
tnh bng mt.
(b) Khong cch tnh theo cng thc sau:
X
Y 0,9 0,2
B
| |
+
|
\ .

Trong :
X : Khong cch nm ngang o t mt ca c cu khe lin tc n ng tm
tu, m
Y : Khong cch thng ng o t trc trung ha n mt ca c cu khe lin
tc, m.
Trong trng hp ny X v Y phi c o ti im no cho tr s ln nht tnh theo
cng thc ni trn.
(6) M un chng un tnh ton vi y tu c tnh bng cch chia m men qun tnh
ca tit din ngang thn tu quanh trc trung ha nm ngang cho khong cch thng
ng t trc trung ha n mt tn gia y.
13.3 n nh nn
13.3.1 n nh nn
Tn boong tnh ton v tn y, v.v..., nhng vng chu ng sut nn ln do un dc
phi c gia cng chng mt n nh nn.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

577
CHNG 14 TN KY V TN BAO
14.1 Quy nh chung
14.1.1 D phng cho han g
nhng vng m do v tr v/ hoc iu kin khai thc ca tu, s han g c coi l
mnh, chiu dy tn bao phi c tng thch ng so vi yu cu ca Chng ny.
14.1.2 Quan tm c bit n s va chm vi cu cng
nhng ch m tn bao c th b mn/lm do va chm lin tc vi cu cng, v.v..., phi
c bit quan tm n chiu dy tn bao.
14.1.3 Nhng b phn di chuyn xuyn qua tn bao
Nhng b phn di chuyn xuyn qua tn bao, nm di chiu chm phn khoang su nht
nh ngha Chng 1, Phn 9, phi c m kn nc b tr tho mn yu cu ca ng
kim. Phi bt tm m bn trong tu khng gian kn nc c th tch m nu c b
ngp, th boong vch khng b ngp nc. ng kim c th yu cu nu mt khoang b
ngp nc, th ngun in v chiu sng chnh hoc s c, thng tin ni b, tn hiu hoc
cc phng tin cp cu khc vn sn sng dng trong nhng vng khc ca tu.
14.2 Di tn gia y (tn ky)
14.2.1 Chiu rng v chiu dy ca di tn gia y
1 Trn sut chiu di ca tu, chiu rng ca di tn gia y phi khng nh hn tr s tnh
theo cng thc sau:
b =4,5L +775 mm
2 Trn sut chiu di tu, chiu dy ca di tn gia y t nht phi khng nh hn chiu
dy tn y tnh ton theo yu cu 14.3.4 tng ln 1,5 mm. Tuy nhin, chiu dy ca tn
gia y phi khng nh hn chiu dy ca tm tn y k cn.
14.3 Tn bao on gia tu
Chiu dy ti thiu ca tn bao di boong tnh ton on gia tu phi khng nh
t
min
=0,044L +5,6 mm
14.3.2 Chiu dy tn mn
Chiu dy ca tn mn, tr tn mp mn, di boong tnh ton on gia tu phi
t =4,1S d 0,04L 2,5 + + mm
Trong :
S : Khong cch gia cc sn dc hoc sn ngang, m.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

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14.3.3 Di mp mn
Chiu dy ca di tn mp mn k vi boong tnh ton phi khng nh hn 0,75 ln chiu
dy ca di tn mp boong tnh ton. Tuy nhin, trong mi trng hp chiu dy ca di
tn mp mn phi khng nh hn chiu dy ca tn mn k vi n.
14.3.4 Chiu dy ca tn y
Chiu dy ca tn y (gm c tn hng, tr tn gia y) on gia tu phi c xc
nh theo cc yu cu (1) v (2) sau y:
(1) Nu y tu kt cu theo h thng ngang th chiu dy tn y phi khng nh hn tr
s tnh theo cng thc sau:
t =4,7S d 0,035L 2,5 + + mm
Trong :
S : Khong cch cc c cu ngang (m).
(2) Nu y tu kt cu theo h thng dc th chiu dy tn y phi khng nh hn tr s
t =4,0S d 0,035L 2,5 + + mm
Trong :
S : Khong cch cc dm dc y, m.
14.4 Tn bao phn mi v phn ui tu
14.4.1 Tn bao phn mi v phn ui tu
Ra ngoi on gia tu, chiu dy tn bao di boong tnh ton c th c gim dn,
nhng ti phn mi v phn ui tu chiu dy ny phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo
cng thc sau. Tuy nhin, i vi cc on quy nh t 14.4.2 n 14.4.5, chiu dy ny
phi khng nh hn tr s yu cu nhng quy nh c lin quan.
t =0,044L +5,6 mm
14.4.2 Tn bao vng 0,3 L k t mt mi tu
Chiu dy tn bao 0,3 L k t mi tu phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau:
t =1,34S L 2,5 + mm
Trong :
14.4.3 Tn bao on 0,3 L k t mt ui tu
Chiu dy tn bao on 0,3 L k t ui tu phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng
thc sau. nhng tu c khoang my t ui hoc nhng tu c cng sut my ln
chiu dy ny phi c tng thch ng:
t =1,20S L 2,5 + mm
Trong :
14.4.4 Tn bao on y c gia cng pha mi tu
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

579
Chiu dy tn bao on y c gia cng pha mi tu quy nh 4.9.2 phi tha
mn cc yu cu (1), (2) v (3) sau y. Nu trong iu kin dn tu c chiu chm qu
nh v nu tu c vn tc qu ln so vi chiu di tu th chiu dy ca tn bao phi
c xem xt c bit.
(1) nhng tu trong iu kin dn c chiu chm mi khng ln hn 0,025 L, chiu dy
tn bao on y c gia cng pha mi tu phi khng nh hn tr s tnh
theo cng thc sau:
t =CS P 2,5 + mm
Trong :
C : H s c cho Bng 2B/14.1. Vi cc tr s trung gian ca th C c
S : Khong cch cc sn, khong cch cc sng hoc khong cch cc np
dc ca tn bao ly tr s no nh nht, m.
o: T s khong cch sn, hoc khong cch sng hoc khong cch np dc
ca tn bao (m), ly tr s no ln nht, chia cho S.
p : p sut va p ca sng (kPa) quy nh 4.9.4.
o 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 > 2,0
C 1,04 1,17 1,24 1,29 1,32 1,33

(2) nhng tu trong iu kin dn c chiu chm mi khng nh hn 0,037L, chiu dy
tn bao on y gia cng pha mi tu c th ly bng chiu dy quy nh
14.4.1 v 14.4.2.
(3) nhng tu c chiu chm mi nm trong khong tr s quy nh (1) v (2), chiu
dy phi c xc nh theo ni suy tuyn tnh t cc tr s quy nh (1) v (2).
14.4.5 Tn bao k vi sng ui hoc trong vng u t trc
Tn bao k vi sng ui hoc trong vng u t trc phi c chiu dy khng nh hn tr
s tnh theo cng thc sau:
t =0,09L 4,5 + mm
14.5 Tn mn vng thng tng
14.5.1 Tn mn vng thng tng trong trng hp boong thng tng l boong
tnh ton
Nu boong thng tng l boong tnh ton th chiu dy ca tn mn thng tng phi ly
nh quy nh 14.3.1, 14.3.2, v t 14.4.1 n 14.4.3. Tuy nhin, tn mn thng tng
on mi tu v on ui tu c th ly bng chiu dy quy nh 14.5.2.
14.5.2 Tn mn vng thng tng trong trng hp boong thng tng khng phi
l boong tnh ton
1 Nu boong thng tng khng phi l boong tnh ton th chiu dy tn mn thng tng
phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau, nhng trong mi trng hp phi
khng nh hn 5,5 mm.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

580
(1) on t mi tu n 0,25 L k t mt mi tu : t =1,15S L 2,0 + mm
(2) Cc vng khc: t =0,94S L 2,0 + mm
Trong :
S : Khong cch cc dm dc hoc cc sn ngang ti v tr ang xt, m.
14.5.3 Bi thng cc mt thng tng
Tn mn cc mt ca thng tng phi c kt cu thch hp m bo s lin tc
v bn.
14.6 Bi thng cc b tn bao
Mi l khot tn bao phi c gc ln v phi c bi thng nu cn thit.
14.6.2 Hp van thng bin
Trong trng hp, c hp van thng bin t tn bao ht hoc x nc bin th chiu
dy tn ca hc phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau v phi c gia
cng thch ng m bo cng cn thit.
t =0,07L +5,0 mm
14.6.3 Tn bao ch t ng lun xch neo v pha di ng lun xch neo
Tn bao ch t ng lun xch neo v pha di ng lun xch neo phi c chiu dy
tng hoc phi l tm kp, v mp dc ca chng phi c bo v khng b neo hoc
xch neo lm h hi.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

581
CHNG 15 BOONG
15.1 Ti trng boong h
15.1.1 Tr s ca h
1 Ti trng boong h (kN/m
2
) i vi nhng boong dng xp hng ha thng thng hoc
d tr phi theo cc quy nh t (1) n (3) sau y:
(1) Tr s tiu chun ca h c ly bng bng 7 ln chiu cao ca ni boong (m) ti
mn, hoc bng 7 ln chiu cao (m) t boong c xt n mp trn thnh ming
khoang ca boong pha trn nh l chiu cao ca hng ho. Tuy nhin, h c th
c quy nh bng trong lng thit k cc i ca hng ha trn mt n v din
tch boong (kN/m
2
). Trong trng hp ny, tr s ca h phi c xc nh bng cch
xem xt chiu cao xp hng.
(2) Nu hng g hoc/v cc loi hng khc c d nh xp boong thi tit th h phi
l trng lng thit k cc i ca hng ha trn mt n v din tch boong (kN/m
2
)
hoc l tr s quy nh -2, ly tr s no ln hn.
(3) Nu hng ha c treo vo x boong hoc nu my mc c t trn boong th h
phi c tng thch ng.
2 i vi boong thi tit, ti trng boong h (kN/m
2
) c quy nh t (1) n (4) sau y:
(1) i vi boong mn kh, boong thng tng v boong lu trn boong mn kh, h
phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau y :
h =a(0,067bL y) kN/m
2

Trong :
a v b : c cho Bng 2B/15.1 ty thuc v tr boong.
Tuy nhin nu C
b
nh hn 0,7 th tr s ca b c th c ly ph hp.
Bng 2B/15.1 Tr s ca a v b
a
Dng V tr
Tn boong X boong Ct Sng boong
b
I pha trc ca
0,15 L t mt mi tu
14,7 9,8 4,90 7,35 1,42
II T 0,15L n 0,3 L tnh
t mt mi tu
11,8 7,85 3,90 5,90 1,20
III T 0,3 L tnh t mt
mi tu n 0,2 L tnh
t mt ui tu
6,90 4,60 2,25
2,25
(1)

3,45
(2)

1,00
IV pha sau ca 0,2 L
t mt ui tu
9,80 6,60 3,25 4,90 1,15
Ch thch:
1

i vi sng dc boong nm ngoi ng ming khoang boong tnh ton trong on
gia tu.
2 i vi nhng trng hp khng phi l trng hp 1.
y : Khong cch thng ng t ng nc ch hng thit k cc i n boong thi
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

582
tit o mn (m) v y phi c o mi tu cho on boong pha trc ca 0,15
L tnh t mi tu, c o 0,15 L tnh t mi tu cho on boong t 0,3 L n 0,15 L
tnh t mi tu, c o sn gia cho on boong t 0,3 L tnh t mi tu n
0,2 L tnh t ui tu v c o ui tu cho on boong pha sau ca 0,2 L tnh
t ui tu (xem Hnh 2B/15.1).

Hnh 2B/15.1 V tr o y
(2) i vi boong dng II Bng 2B/15.1 h khng cn ln hn h dng I
(3) Khng ph thuc cc quy nh (1) v (2), h phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng
thc cho Bng 2B/15.2. Tuy nhin, nu tr s h tnh c t cng thc trong Bng
2B/15.2 nh hn 12.8, th phi ly tr s h bng 12,8
(4) Nu tu c mn kh qu ln th tr s h c th c ly ph hp.
3 i vi vng kn ca boong thng tng v boong lu, trong khng gian sinh hot v
khng gian hng hi, thuc tng 1 v tng 2 trn boong mn kh, h phi bng 12,8.
Bng 2B/15.2 Tr s cc tiu ca h
C
Dng V tr ca boong h
X boong
Ct, Sng dc v
Sng ngang boong
Tn boong
I v II Pha trc ca 0,3 L
tnh t mi tu
2,85 1,37 4,20
III T 0,3 L tnh t mi
tu n 0,2 L tnh t
ui tu
C L 50 +
1,37 1,18 2,05
IV Pha sau ca 0,2 L
tnh t ui tu
1,95 1,47 2,95
Boong thng tng tng 2 trn
boong mn kh
C L
1,28 0,69 1,95
* Nu khng c thng tng th y l
khong cch n boong trn
LWL
A b c
LWL
0,15L 0,2L
0,3L
AP
Mp boong
y
*
y
*

y y
FP
Mp boong
Mp boong
Sau A y c o AP T A n B y c o
T B n C y c o C Trc C y c o FP
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

583
15.2 Quy nh chung
15.2.1 Tn boong
Tr phn l khot boong, v.v... tn boong phi i t mn ny sang mn kia. Tuy nhin,
nu c ng kim chp nhn tn boong c th ch gm tm mp boong v cc tm tn
ging.
15.2.2 Tnh kn nc ca boong
1 Boong thi tit phi kn nc, tr khi t cc ming khoang v cc l khot khc quy nh
Chng 18.
2 Phi xem xt c bit s t ng nc i vi cc khoang nm di boong vch trn cc
khng gian ch hng ro-ro.
3 Phi xem xt c bit vic duy tr tnh kn nc nu boong quy nh phi kn nc ph hp
vi cc yu cu ca Phn 9.
15.2.3 Tnh lin tc ca bc boong
Nu boong tnh ton hoc cc boong chu lc (boong pha di boong tnh ton c
coi l c cu chu lc trong bn dc ca thn tu) thay i mc, th phi quan tm c
bit duy tr tnh lin tc ca bn. S thay i chiu cao c thc hin theo dc
dn dn hoc mi c cu boong phi c ko di v phi c lin kt cht ch vi
nhau bng cc tm ngn, sng, m, v.v...
15.2.4 Bi thng l khot
Ming khoang hoc cc l khot khc boong tnh ton hoc boong chu lc phi c gc
ln v phi c bin php bi thng thch ng.
15.2.5 Mp boong ln
Mp boong ln, nu c chp nhn, phi c bn knh ln ln ty theo chiu dy
ca n.
15.3 Din tch tit din hiu dng ca boong tnh ton
15.3.1 nh ngha
Din tch tit din hiu dng ca boong tnh ton l din tch tit din mi bn mn tu
ca tn boong, x dc boong, sng dc boong, v.v... ko di trn on 0,5L gia tu.
15.3.2 Din tch tit din hiu dng ca boong tnh ton
1 Din tch tit din hiu dng on gia ca cc tu m m un chng un tit din
ngang thn tu c quy nh Chng 13, phi c xc nh tha mn cc yu cu
ca Chng 13.
2 Ra ngoi on gia tu, din tch tit din hiu dng ca boong tnh ton c th c
gim dn nh hn tr s ti hai mt ca on gia tu. Tuy nhin, cc tr s v tr 0,15 L
tng ng k t mt trc v mt sau ca L, phi khng nh hn 0,4 ln tr s im
gia ca L, i vi tu c bung my on gia tu v khng nh hn 0,5 ln tr s
im gia ca L, i vi tu c bung my ui tu.
3 Nu m un chng un tit din ngang thn tu ngoi on gia tu ln hn tr s
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

584
c ng kim xt duyt th nhng yu cu ca mnh b sung -2 c th khng cn
phi p dng.
15.3.3 Boong tnh ton ngoi cc vng 0,15 L tnh t mi mt tu
ngoi cc vng 0,15 L tnh t mi mt tu din tch tit din hiu dng ca boong tnh
ton v chiu dy tn boong tnh ton c th c gim dn trnh s thay i t ngt.
15.3.4 Din tch tit din hiu dng ca boong tnh ton vng thng tng ui di
Mc d cc yu cu 15.3.2, din tch tit din hiu dng ca boong tnh ton trong vng
thng tng ui di c th c thay i thch hp.
15.3.5 Boong nm trong phm vi ca thng tng khi boong thng tng c thit k
l boong tnh ton
Nu boong thng tng c thit k lm boong tnh ton th tn boong tnh ton ngoi
thng tng phi c ko di vo pha trong thng tng mt on khong 0,05 L m
khng gim din tch tit din hiu dng ca boong v sau c th c gim dn khi i
vo pha trong.
15.4 Tn boong
1 Chiu dy ca tn boong phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cc quy nh (1) v (2) sau
y. Trong cc khng gian kn nh thng tng, lu, v.v..., chiu dy ca tn boong c th
c gim 1 mm so vi tr s tnh theo cng thc ny:
(1) Chiu dy ca tn boong tnh ton:
(a) Pha ngoi vng ng ming khot on gia tu c x dc boong:
t
1
=1,47S h 2,5 + mm
Trong :
S : Khong cch gia cc x dc boong, m
2
.
(b) Pha ngoi vng ng ming khot on gia tu c x ngang boong:
t
2
=1,63S h 2,5 + mm
Trong :
S : Khong cch gia cc x ngang boong, m
2
.
(c) cc vng khc ngoi cc vng quy nh (a) v (b):
t =1,25S h 2,5 + mm
Trong :
S : Khong cch gia cc x dc hoc x ngang, m
h : Ti trong boong quy nh 15.1, kN/m
2
.
(2) Chiu dy tn boong khng phi l boong tnh ton, c tnh nh sau:
t =1,25S h 2,5 + mm
Trong :
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

585
S v h : Nh quy nh (1) (c).
2 Nu cc vng gia cc ng ming khot ln kt cu theo h thng dc th phi quan
tm thch ng n bin php chng mt n nh cho tn boong.
15.4.2 Tn boong to thnh nc kt
Chiu dy ca tn boong to thnh nc kt phi khng nh hn tr s yu cu 12.2.2
cho vch ca kt su vi khong cch ca x boong l khong cch np.
15.4.3 Tn boong to thnh hm vch
Chiu dy ca tn boong to thnh nc hm trc, nc hm chn hoc hm vch phi
khng nh hn tr s yu cu 11.2.7-2.
15.4.4 Tn boong di ni hi hoc di hng ng lnh
1 Chiu dy ca tn boong di ni hi phi c tng 3 mm so vi chiu dy quy nh
trn.
2 Chiu dy ca tn boong di hng ng lnh phi c tng 1 mm so vi chiu dy quy
nh trn. Nu c phng tin bo v chng han g th chiu dy tn boong khng
cn phi tng.
15.4.5 Chiu dy ca tn boong chu ti trng t xe c bnh
Chiu dy ca tn boong chu ti trng t xe c bnh phi c xc nh theo ti trng tp
trung t xe c bnh.
15.4.6 Chiu dy tn boong ch hng khc thng
Chiu dy tn boong ca boong ch hng khng c coi l ti trng phn b u phi
c xc nh bng cch xt n ti ti trng phn b ca tng loi hng ho ring bit.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

586
CHNG 16 THNG TNG V LU
16.1 Quy nh chung
16.1.1 Quy nh p dng
1 Tu phi c thng tng mi, Tuy nhin, nu mn kh mi tu c ng kim cng nhn
l , th c th min gim.
2 Kt cu v kch thc c cu thng tng v lu phi tha mn nhng yu cu ca
Chng ny v cc quy nh khc c lin quan.
3 Cc yu cu Chng ny quy nh cho cc thng tng v lu n tng 3 trn boong
mn kh. Kt cu v kch thc c cu ca cc thng tng v lu pha trn tng 3 phi
c ng kim xem xt v quyt nh.
4 Vi nhng thng tng v lu ca nhng tu c mn kh qu ln, kt cu ca cc vch
c th c thay i thch hp vi s chp nhn ca ng kim.
16.2 Kt cu v kch thc c cu
16.2.1 Ct p h
1 Ct p tnh ton kch thc c cu ca vch mt thng tng v vch bin lu phi
h =ac(0,067bL y) m
Trong :
a : c cho theo cc cng thc sau y:
L
2,0
120
+
: i vi vch trc l ca thng tng tng mt v vch
trc l ca lu tng mt.
L
1,0
120
+
: i vi vch trc l ca thng tng tng hai v vch
trc l ca lu tng hai.
L
0,5
150
+
: i vi vch trc l ca thng tng tng ba, cc vch
trc c bo v ca cc thng tng, vch trc l
ca lu tng ba, cc vch bn ca cc lu v cc vch
trc c bo v ca cc lu.
L x
0,7 0,8
1000 L
+
: i vi vch sau pha sau sn gia tu ca thng
tng v vch sau pha sau sn gia tu ca lu.
L x
0,5 0,4
1000 L
+
: i vi vch sau pha trc ca sn gia tu ca
thng tng v vch sau pha trc ca sn gia tu
ca lu.
b : c cho theo cng thc sau:
2
x
1,0 0,5 1,1
L
| |
+
|
\ .
: nu
x
L
< 0,45
2
x
1,0 1,5 1,1 0,5
L
| |
+
|
\ .
: nu
x
L
> 0,45
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

587
x : Khong cch t vch mt ca thng tng hoc ca lu n ng vung gc
ui, hoc khong cch t trung im ca vch bn ca lu n ng vung gc
ui (m). Tuy nhin, nu chiu di ca vch bn ca lu ln hn 0,15 L th vch
bn phi c chia thnh nhng on bng nhau c chiu di (nhp) khng
ln hn 0,15 L v khong cch t trung im ca mi on c chia n ng
vung gc ui s c s dng cho on .
c : H s c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
1,0 : i vi vch mt ca thng tng,
0,3 + 0,7b/B : i vi vch bin ca lu.
Tuy nhin, nu b/B < 0,25 th ly b/B = 0,25.
b: chiu rng ca lu ti v tr ang xt, m
B: chiu rng ca tu trn boong l, ti v tr ang xt, m
y : Khong cch thng ng (m) t ng nc thit k cc i n trung im ca
nhp np khi xc nh kch thc ca np; v n trung im ca tm tn khi xc
nh chiu dy cc tm tn vch ca thng tng hoc vch bin ca lu.
2 Ct p dng tnh ton kch thc c cu ca vch mt thng tng v cc vch bin ca
lu phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc Bng 2B/16.1, bt k quy nh -1.
Bng 2B/16.1 Tr s ct p h
Chiu di L Vch trc l ca thng tng (m) Cc vch khc (m)
L nh hn 50 m 3,0 1,5
L bng v ln hn 50 m
2,5 +
L
100

1,25 +
L
200

16.2.2 Chiu dy ca tn vch mt v vch bin
1 Chiu dy ca tn vch mt thng tng v tn vch bin khng c nh hn tr s tnh
theo cng thc sau:
t =3S h mm
Trong :
h : Ct p quy nh 16.2.1, m
S : Khong cch cc np, m.
2 Chiu dy tn vch ca thng tng v vch bin ca lu khng c nh hn tr s tnh
theo cng thc sau y hoc 5 mm, chn tr s no ln hn, bt k quy nh -1:
(1) Tn vch ca thng tng tng 1:
t =
L
5,0
100
+ mm
(2) Tn vch ca cc tng khc khc:
t =
L
4,0
100
+ mm
16.2.3 Np
1 M un chng un ca tit din np cc vch mt ca thng tng v vch bin ca lu
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

588
Z =
2
3,5Shl cm
3

Trong :
S : Khong cch np, m
h : Nh quy nh 16.2.1
l : Chiu cao ni boong (m). Tuy nhin nu l < 2,0 mt th phi ly l bng 2,0 mt.
2 vch l ca thng tng v vch bin ca lu, c hai mt np phi c hn vi tn
boong, nu lin kt khc i phi c ng kim chp nhn.
16.3 Phng tin ng m cc li ra vo vch mt thng tng v cc lu bo v
16.3.1 Phng tin ng m cc li ra vo
1 Cc ca ca cc li ra vo cc vch trc v sau thng tng kn v ca lu bo v cc
li i dn xung khng gian di boong mn kh hoc khng gian trong thng tng kn
phi tha mn cc yu cu t (1) n (5) sau y:
(1) Ca phi bng thp hoc mt loi vt liu tng ng khc v phi c gn c
nh, chc chn vo vch.
(2) Ca phi c kt cu chc chn, phi c bn tng ng vi vch nguyn vn
v phi m bo kn thi tit khi ng.
(3) Phng tin m bo kn nc phi gm c vng m v thit b xit cht hoc nhng
thit b tng ng khc v phi c gn c nh vo vch hoc vo ca.
(4) Ca phi c kh nng thao tc ng m t c hai pha ca vch.
(5) Ca bn l phi c m ra pha ngoi.
2 Ngng ca phi tho mn cc yu cu sau y:
(1) Chiu cao ngng ca cc ca quy nh -1 phi khng nh hn 380 mm tnh t mt
trn ca boong. i vi ngng ca bo v cc ca dn ti cc khng gian nm di
boong mn kh, phi c chiu cao ph hp vi quy nh 17.4.2. Tuy nhin, nu ng
kim thy cn thit, th c th yu cu ngng ca c chiu cao cao hn.
(2) Ni chung, khng cho php dng ngng ca tho lp c.
3 Cc l khot nc lu nm trn boong dng ui hoc thng tng c chiu cao thp hn
chiu cao tiu chun, nhng bng hoc ln hn chiu cao boong dng ui, phi c
phng tin ng kn c chp nhn nhng khng cn phi bo v bng lu boong hoc
chi boong, vi iu kin l chiu cao ca lu ti thiu bng chiu cao ca thng tng.
Cc l khot nc lu nm trn lu c chiu cao nh hn chiu cao thng tng tiu
chun c th c x l theo cch tng t.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

589
CHNG 17 MING KHOANG, MING BUNG MY
V CC L KHOT KHC BOONG
17.1 Quy nh chung
17.1.1 Min gim so vi cc yu cu
Nhng tu c mn kh rt ln c th c xem xt ring bit min gim cc yu cu
ca Chng ny.
17.1.2 V tr ca cc ming khot boong l
1 Trong Chng ny, hai v tr ming khot boong l c nh ngha nh sau:
(1) V tr I: boong mn kh l, boong nng ui l v boong thng tng l trong phm
vi vng 0,25 L
f
mi tu (nm sau mt trc ca L
f
).
(2) V tr II: boong thng tng l pha sau vng 0,25 L
f
mi tu v v tr ti thiu bng
1 chiu cao thng tng tiu chun trn boong mn kh, hoc boong thng tng l
trong phm vi vng 0,25 L
f
mi tu v v tr ti thiu bng 2 chiu cao thng tng
tiu chun trn boong mn kh.
17.1.3 Chiu dy thay mi i vi tu ang khai thc
1 Phi ch r chiu dy thay mi (t
renewal
) bn v kt cu np ming khoang hng v thnh
ming khoang hng ph hp vi quy nh 17.2 cho tng thnh phn kt cu, chiu dy
thay mi c a ra theo cng thc sau y, b sung vo chiu dy ng mi (t
as-built
).
Nu chiu dy t tng k c chiu dy khi ng mi, th tr s ny do VR quyt nh.
t
renewal
=t
as-built
- t
c
+0,5 mm
Trong :
t
c
: B sung hao mn quy nh Bng 2B/17.1 v 2B/17.2.3-1. Trng hp m t
c

bng 1,0 mm, chiu dy thay mi c th tnh theo cng thc sau y:
t
renewal
=t
as-built
- t
c
mm
17.2 Ming khoang
17.2.1 Phm vi p dng
Kt cu v phng tin ng m ca ming khoang hng v cc ming khoang khc phi
tha mn cc yu cu ca 17.2.
17.2.2 Chiu cao ca thnh ming khoang
1 Chiu cao ca thnh ming khoang tnh t mt trn ca boong t nht phi bng 600 mm
i vi v tr I v 450 mm i vi v tr II.
2 Vi nhng ming khoang c ng m bng np thp kn nc nh quy nh 17.2.7,
chiu cao ca thnh ming khoang c th c gim so vi quy nh -1 hoc nu c
ng kim chp thun c th hon ton khng c thnh ming khoang.
3 Chiu cao ca thnh ming khoang khng vng l ca boong mn kh hoc boong
thng tng phi c ng kim xem xt c xt n v tr ca ming khoang v mc
bo v.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

590
17.2.3 Kt cu ca thnh ming khoang
1 Kch thc ca thnh ming khoang phi khng c nh hn kch thc c xc nh
bng cch cng thm 1,5 mm (lng han g) vi tr s xc nh theo cc quy nh di
y. i vi mt sau thnh quy ngang, khng cn p dng cc quy nh khc ngoi
(2)(b).
(1) Ti trng sng thit k P
coam
(kN/m
2
) khng c nh hn tr s xc nh theo (a) hoc
(b) di y, ph hp vi kiu tu.
(a) Cc tu ch hng ri c nh ngha 1.2.9-1 Phn 1A
i) Thnh ngang trc ming khoang ca khoang hng pha mi:
P
coam
=290 kN/m
2

Nu c thng tng mi ph hp vi quy nh 16.4 Phn 2A, th Ti trng P
coam
c
th c gim xung n 220 kN/m
2
.
ii) Thnh ming khoang khc vi quy nh i) ni trn:
P
coam
=220 kN/m
2

(b) Cc tu khc vi quy nh (a) ni trn
Ti trng P
coam
(kN/m
2
) c a ra i) v ii) di y. Tuy nhin, i vi cc tu
c mn kh qu ln, tr s ca P
coam
(kN/m
2
) c th iu chnh ph hp.
i) Thnh ming khoang ngang trc ca khoang hng pha mi:
P
coam
=290 kN/m
2

Nu c thng tng mi ph hp vi quy nh Phn 2A, th Ti trng P
coam
c
th c gim xung n 220 kN/m
2
.
ii) Thnh ming khoang khc vi quy nh i) ni trn:
P
coam
=220 kN/m
2

Tuy nhin, nu mt thnh ngang pha trc ming khoang c bo v bi ming
khoang hng pha trc k cn hoc bng mt kt cu khc ngn cn lc tc
dng ca sng bin hu hiu, th ti trng ny c th c gim ph hp.
(2) Chiu dy tinh ca tm thnh ming khoang t
coam.net
phi khng nh hn tr s xc nh
c t cc quy nh sau y.
(a) i vi thnh khoang ngang pha trc v bn mn:

coam
coam.net
a,coam
1,15P
t 14,9S =
o
mm, nhng khng nh hn 9,5 mm
Trong :
S : Khong cch np ph, m
P
coam
: Nh quy nh (1)
a,coam F
0,95 o = o , vi
F
o l cn trn ti thiu ca ng sut chy hoc ng sut
quy c ca vt liu, N/mm
2
.
(b) i vi thnh khoang ngang pha sau:
Nu L s 100 m : 4,5 +0,05L mm
Nu L > 100 m : 9,5 mm.
(3) M un chng un tit din tinh ca cc np ph ca thnh ming khoang, trn c s
chiu dy tinh ca cc thnh phn, khng c nh hn tr s xc nh theo cng thc
sau:
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

591

2
coam
net
p a,coam
1150l SP
Z
mc
=
o
cm
3

Trong :
m =16 : Trng hp chung
m =12 : Trng hp cc u mt np lin kt khng gn m cc gc thnh
ming khoang
l : Nhp ca np ph, m
S, P
coam
v
a,coam
o : Nh quy nh (2)
c
p
: T l ca m un do tit din i vi m un n hi tit din ca np
ph c tm mp gn rng bng 40 t
net
(mm), trong t
net
l chiu dy
tinh ca np. c th ly bng 1,16 khi thiu s nh gi chnh xc hn.
(4) Kch thc tinh ca ct np thnh quy phi tho mn cc quy nh t (a) n (c) di
y.
(a) M un chng un tit din v chiu dy tinh ca ct np thnh quy c thit
k nh mt dm c mp b lin kt vi boong hoc lin kt u khng gn m v
c gn m (xem Hnh 2B/17.1) ti ch gn vi boong, trn c s chiu dy tinh
ca cc thnh phn, phi khng nh hn tr s xc nh c t cng thc sau
y:

2
C coam
net
a,coam
1000H SP
Z
2
=
o
cm
3

C coam
net
a,coam
1000H SP
t
h
=
t
cm
3

Trong :
H
c
: Chiu cao ct np, m
S : Khong cch ct np, m
h : Chiu cao tit din ct np ti ch lin kt vi boong, mm
coam a,coam
P v o : Nh quy nh (2)
a,coam F
0,5 t = o .
(b) Khi tnh ton m un chng un tit din ca ct np, ch a din tch tm mp
ca n vo tnh ton nu tm mp c hn bng mi hn ngu hon ton vi tn
boong v kt cu di boong hon ton c c nh chng truyn ng sut.
(c) Khi thit k cc ct np thnh quy khc vi quy nh (a), p dng cc mc ng
sut a ra theo cng thc sau y v c kim tra ti v tr pht sinh ng sut
cao nht.
- ng sut php :
a F
0,8 o = o
- ng sut tip :
a F
0,46 t = o

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

592

Hnh 2B/17.1 V d v ct np thnh quy
2 Nhng thnh ming khoang v tr I hoc nhng thnh ming khoang v tr II c chiu
cao bng v ln hn 760 mm phi c gia cng bng mt np gia cng nm ngang
t mt v tr thch hp di mp trn ca thnh. Chiu rng ca np gia cng nm
ngang ny phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau, nhng khng cn ln hn
180 mm.
b =50 +1,7L mm
3 Thnh ming khoang cn phi c gia cng b sung bng cc m hoc cc np ng
thch hp t trong vng t np gia cng nm ngang quy nh -2 n boong cch nhau
khong 3 mt.
4 mp trn, thnh ca nhng ming khoang l phi c gia cng bng mt thanh thp
c tit din na trn hoc tit din tng ng. Mp di ca thnh ming khoang phi
c b mp hoc c kt cu thch hp khc.
5 Vi nhng ming khot nh, kt cu v kch thc ca thnh c th c thay i so vi
yu cu t -1 n -4.
6 Kt cu v kch thc ca cc thnh ming khoang c chiu cao ln hn 900 mm, ca
thnh ming kt su v nhng thnh ming khoang ng m bng nhng thit b c kiu
c bit khng tha mn cc yu cu 17.2.3 phi c ng kim chp thun.
7 Thit k cc chi tit b phn phi ph hp vi cc quy nh sau y:
(1) Np ph ca thnh ming khoang phi lin tc trn sut chiu rng v chiu di ming
khoang.
(2) Cc chi tit kt cu b phn phi c thit k sao cho c th truyn p lc trn np
ming khoang ln thnh ming khoang v qua chng, truyn xung cc kt cu bn
di. Cc ming khoang v cc kt cu phi c gia cng thch ng chu
ti trng t np ming khoang, theo phng dc, phng ngang v phng thng
ng.
(3) Cc kt cu di boong phi c kim tra tng ng ti trng truyn t cc ct np,
chp nhn ng sut cho php tng t quy nh -1(4).
(4) Chp nhn hn lin tc hai pha i vi cc lin kt tm thnh ca ct np vi tn
boong v chiu cao mi hn gc khng c nh hn 0,44 t
w,gross
, trong t
w,gross
l
chiu dy ton b ca tm thnh ct np.
(5) Chn ca tm thnh ct np phi lin kt vi tn boong mi hn vt mp hai pha
ngu su ko di mt khong khng nh hn 15% chiu rng ct np.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

593
17.2.4 X tho lp, np ming khoang, np thp hnh hp, np thp chu thi tit
1 Quy nh chung
(1) Kch thc cc thnh phn kt cu ca np ming khoang bng thp, ca np thp
hnh hp v ca np thp chu thi (sau y gi l np ming khoang bng thp) v
ca x tho lp phi tha mn cc quy nh 17.2.4. Nu iu kin chu ti hoc kiu
kt cu khc vi quy nh iu ny, th phng php tnh ton phi c ng kim
chp thun.
(2) Chiu dy ca cc thnh phn kt cu dng np ming khoang bng thp khng c
nh hn chiu dy c xc nh bng cch cng lng hn g b sung t
c
quy nh
(3) vi chiu dy tinh t
net
xc nh theo cc quy nh 17.2.4.
(3) Lng hao mn b sung t
c
c ly theo quy nh Bng 2B/17.1 ph hp vi loi
tu, kiu kt cu v thnh phn kt cu ca np ming khoang bng thp.
(4) ng sut tip v ng sut php cho php np ming khoang bng thp c quy
nh Bng 2B/17.2.
(5) Kch thc ca np ming khoang bng thp d nh ch hng trn , v tr l,
phi l tr s c xc nh t cc quy nh i vi np ming khoang bng thp v
tr l trong iu ny hoc tr s c xc nh t cc yu cu i vi np ming
khoang bng thp d nh ch hng trn quy nh 17.2.5, ly tr s no ln hn.
(6) Np ph v cc thnh phn chnh ca np ming khoang bng thp phi lin tc
trn sut chiu di v chiu rng ca np ming khoang bng thp, n mc c th.
Nu khng th thc hin c iu ny, th khng c dng lin kt mt khng gn
m v phi b tr thch hp m bo kh nng chu ti hu hiu.
(7) Lin kt chu ti gia cc tm (panels*) np ming khoang phi khp vi mc ch hn
ch dch chuyn thng ng tng i.
2 Ti trng sng thit k
Ti trng sng thit k P
w
(kN/mm
2
) phi khng nh hn tr s c xc nh theo Bng
2B/17.3. Nu c t hai tm tr ln c lin kt bng bn l, th tng tm n phi c
xem xt ring bit.
3 Chiu dy tinh ca tm b phn
Chiu dy tinh tm b phn t
net
ca tm nc np ming khoang bng thp phi khng nh
hn tr s xc nh theo cng thc di y, nhng khng c nh hn 1% khong cch
ca cc np hoc 6 mm, chn tr s no ln hn.
net p
F
Pw
t 15,8F S
0,95
=
o
mm
Trong :
F
p
: H s c ly nh sau:
Fp =
a
1,9
o
o
nu
a
0,8,
o
>
o
cho tm mp b c gn lin ca thnh phn chnh
F
p
= 1,5 nu
a
0,8,
o
<
o
cho tm mp b c gn lin ca thnh phn chnh
o : ng sut php ca tm mp b c gn lin ca thnh phn chnh, N/mm
2

a
o : ng sut php cho php, quy nh theo -1(4)
S : Khong cch cc np, mm
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

594
P
w
: Ti trng sng thit k, quy nh -2, kN/mm
2

F
o : Cn trn ti thiu ca ng sut chy hoc ng sut quy c ca vt liu, N/mm
2

Bng 2B/17.1 Lng han g b sung t
c

a) Tu ch hng ri
(1)

Lng han g b sung t
c
(mm)
Kiu kt cu ca np ming khoang
bng thp
i vi tm nc,
cnh v y
i vi cc
kt cu bn trong
Np ming khoang kiu tm n 2,0
Np ming khoang kiu tm kp 2,0 1,5
b) Cc tu khc vi tu nu a) ni trn
Np ming khoang kiu tm n 2,0
(2)

Np ming khoang kiu tm kp 1,5
(2)
1,0
(* : Panels: l cc tm c gn np)
Ch thch:
(1)
: i vi tu hng ri nh ngha 1.2.9-1 Phn 1A ca Quy chun v nhng tu c d
nh l tu ch hng ri.
(2)
: i vi cc np ming khoang bng thp trong vng khoang hng d nh ch cng te
n, lng han g b sung c th ly bng 1,0 mm.
Bng 2B/17.2 ng sut cho php

ng sut php
a
o ng sut tip
a
t
Np ming khoang bng thp v np thp
kn thi tit
0,80
F
o 0,46
F
o
X tho lp v np thp hnh hp
0,68
F
o 0,39
F
o
Ch thch:
F
o : Cn trn ti thiu ca ng sut chy hoc ng sut quy c ca vt liu, N/mm
2

Bng 2b/17.3 Ti trng sng thit k
(1) (2)

Ti trng sng thit k, kN/m
2

i vi 0,25 L
f
pha trc
( )( ) 3 4
f
f f
L 5x 3,6x
15,8 (1 )
3 3L L
+
v tr I
Cc vng cn li 0,195L
f
+14,9
v tr II
f
9,81(1,1L 87,6)
76
+

Ch thch:
(1)
: L
f
- Chiu di o mn kh (m) nh ngha 2.1.3, Phn 1A ca Quy chun, nhng
khng c nh hn 24 m.
x - Khong cch tnh t mt trc ca L
f
n

gia chiu di ca np ming khoang
ang xt, m
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

595
(2)
: i vi ming khoang h v tr khc vi v tr I hoc II, tr s ca mi ti ti trng sng
thit k s c xem xt c bit.
(3)
: i vi x tho lp, c th ly P
w
=0,195L
f
+14,9 kN/m
2
.
(4)
: Nu mt ming khoang ti v tr I c t cao hn boong mn kh ti thiu 1 chiu cao
thng tng tiu chun, th c th ly P
w
=0,195L
f
+14,9 kN/m
2
.
4 Kch thc tinh ca np ph
(1) M un chng un tit din tinh Z
net
ca np ph ca tm nc np ming khoang, trn
c s chiu dy tinh thnh phn ca np, khng c nh hn tr s xc nh theo
cng thc di y. M un chng un tit din tinh ca np ph c xc nh da
vo tm mp km c chiu rng gi thit bng khong cch np.
2
net
a
1000SPwl
Z
12
=
o
cm
3

Trong :
l : Nhp np ph (m) c ly bng khong cch ca cc c cu chnh hoc
khong cch gia c cu chnh v cnh, nu c. Nu t m c hai
mt ca tt c cc np ph, th nhp np ph c th gim xung bng cch
tnh n ti thiu 2/3 chiu di cnh m, i vi tng m, nhng khng qu
10% nhp ton b
S : Khong cch np, m
P
w
: Ti trng sng thit k quy nh -2, kN/m
2

a
o : ng sut cho php quy nh -1(4).
(2) Din tch tit din chu ct tinh ca tm thnh np ph A
net
ca tm nc np ming
khoang phi khng nh hn tr s xc nh c theo cng thc sau:
net
a
5SPwl
A =
t
cm
2

Trong :
l, S v P
w
: Nh quy nh (1)
a
t : Nh quy nh -1(4).
(3) i vi np ph c tit din dng thanh v cc np gia cng chng vn, p dng
biu thc sau y:
w,net
h
15 k
t
s
Trong :
h : Chiu cao tit din np, mm
t
w,net
: Chiu dy tinh ca np, mm
k =
F
235
, vi
F
o - cn trn ti thiu ca ng sut chy hoc ng sut quy
c ca vt liu, N/mm
2
.
5 Kch thc tinh ca thnh phn chnh ca x tho lp
(1) Kch thc tinh ca thnh phn chnh ca cc np ming khoang bng thp, c
gin n gia cc thnh ming khoang vi ti trng phn b u tc ng ngay ln
v kch thc tinh ca cc x tho lp phi ph hp vi cng thc di y. i
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

596
vi np ming khoang bng thp, S v l tng ng l b v S.
- M un chng un tit din tinh ti gia nhp ca x tho lp hoc ca kt cu
chnh:
2
w 1
net
a
1000SP l k
Z
8
=
o
cm
3

- M men qun tnh tit din tinh ti gia nhp ca x tho lp hoc ca kt cu
chnh:
I
3
w 2
net
0,0063SP l k
=
cm
4

- Din tch tit din tinh ti gia nhp ca x tho lp hoc ca kt cu chnh:
w
net
a
5SP l
A =
t
cm
2

Trong :
S : Khong cch ca cc x tho lp hoc cc kt cu chnh, m
l : Nhp t do ca x tho lp hoc ca kt cu chnh, m
b : Chiu rng ca np ming khoang bng thp, m
P
w
: Ti trng sng thit k quy nh -2, kN/m
2

k
1
v k
2
: H s xc nh theo Bng 2B/17.4
a
o v
a
t : Nh quy nh -1(4)
: H s xc nh theo Bng 2B/17.5.
Bng 2B/17.4 Cc h s k
1
v k
2

k
1

3, 2 0, 8
1
7 0, 4
o
+
+

k
1
phi khng nh hn 1,0
k
2
3
1
1 8
0, 2 3
|
+ o
+ |

1
l
l
o =
,
I
I
1
0
| =
,
1
0
Z
Z
=

l : Chiu di ton b ca x tho lp (m).
l
1
: Khong cch t mt ca on hnh tr n mt ca x tho lp (m).
I
0
: M men qun tnh ca tit din gia x tho lp (cm
4
).
I
1
: M men qun tnh ca tit din mt ca x tho lp (cm
4
).
Z
0
: M un chng un ca tit din gia x tho lp (cm
3
).
Z
1
: M un chng un ca tit din mt x tho lp (cm
3
).

I
1

Z
1

I
o

Z
o

l
1

l
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

597
Bng 2B/17.5 H s

Np ming khoang bng thp v np thp kn thi tit 0,0056
X tho lp v np thp hnh hp 0,0044

(2) Khi tnh ton ng sut php v ng sut tip trong cc thnh phn kt cu ca np
ming khoang bng phng php phn tch trc tip, cc tr s ng sut ny phi
khng c vt qu tr s ng sut cho php quy nh Bng 2B/17.2. i vi m
hnh thnh phn kt cu, th s dng kch thc tinh. Din tch mp b hu ch A
f,net

(cm
2
) ca tm lin kt, phi c xem xt v tnh do v kim tra mt n nh cc
thnh phn kt cu chnh, khi tnh ton bng phng php dm hoc m hnh
grillage, c xc nh nh di y. Trong trng hp, cc np ph khng c
tnh vo din tch tm mp gn ca kt cu chnh.
F,net ef
nf
A (10b t) =
cm
2

Trong :
nf =2 : Nu tm mp gn ko qua c hai bn bn thnh ca sng
nf =1 : Nu tm mp gn ch mt bn bn thnh ca sng
t
net
: Chiu dy tinh ca tm ang xt, mm
b
ef
: Na khong cch gia thnh phn chnh ang xt v 1 kt cu lin
k, nhng c ly ln hn 0,165 l , m
l : Nhp ca kt cu chnh, m.
(3) Khong cch ca kt cu chnh song song vi hng vc np ph khng c
vt qu 1/3 nhp ca cc kt cu chnh.
(4) Chiu rng tm mp b ca kt cu chnh khng c nh hn 40% chiu cao ca
n i vi mt bn nhp t do ln hn 3,0 m. Cc m chng vn gn vi mp b c
th c xem nh mt bn cho cc thnh phn kt cu chnh. Chiu rng mp
b khng c vt qu 15 ln chiu dy ton b ca n.
6 Kim sot ng sut mt n nh nguy him
bn n nh i vi cc thnh phn kt cu chnh dng np ming khoang bng
thp phi ph hp vi cc quy nh t (1) n (3) di y.
(1) bn n nh i vi tm nc np ming khoang phi ph hp vi cc quy nh t
(a) n (c) di y.
(a) ng sut nn trong cc tm (panels) np ca np ming khoang, do un cc
thnh phn kt cu chnh song song vi hng np ph gy ra, khng vt
qu 0,8 ln ng sut mt n nh tiu chun, vi c xc nh nh sau:
C1 E1
o = o khi
F
E1
2
o
o s
F
C1 F
E1
(1 )
4
o
o = o
o
khi
F
E1
2
o
o >
Trong :
F
o : Cn trn ti thiu ca ng sut chy hoc ng sut quy c ca vt liu,
N/mm
2
.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

598
2 net
E1
t
3,6E( )
1000S
o =
E : M un n hi ca vt liu, c ly bng 2,06x10
5
i vi thp,
N/mm
2

t
net
: Chiu dy tinh ca tm (panel), mm
S : Khong cch ca cc np ph, m.
(b) ng sut nn trung bnh trong mi tm np ming khoang, do un cc thnh phn
kt cu chnh vung gc vi hng np ph gy ra, khng vt qu 0,8 ln
ng sut mt n nh tiu chun
C2
o , vi
C2
o c xc nh nh sau:
C2 E2
o = o khi
F
E2
2
o
o s
F
C2 F
E2
(1 )
4
o
o = o
o
khi
F
E2
2
o
o >
2 net
E2
s
t
0,9mE( )
1000s
o =
Trong :
F
o , t
net
v E : Nh quy nh (a)
2
2 s
s
s 2,1
m c 1 ( )
l 1,1
| |
= +
|
+
\ .

s
s
: Chiu di cnh ngn hn ca tm (panel), m
l
s
: Chiu di cnh di hn ca tm (panel), m
: T l gia ng sut nn nh nht v ln nht
c : H s xc nh ph thuc vo kiu np ti pha nn, c ly nh sau:
c =1,30 : khi tm c gia cng bng cc kt cu chnh
c =1,21 : khi tm c gia cng bng np ph l thp ch T hoc
thp gc
c =1,10 : khi tm c gia cng bng np ph l thp m
c =1,05 : khi tm c gia cng bng thanh thp.
(c) ng sut nn lch trc trong cc tm np ming khoang, khi tnh ton bng
phng php FEM (Phn t hu hn) m hnh phn t v bao, phi theo quy nh
ca ng kim.
(2) ng sut nn mp b trn ca np ph, do un cc thnh phn kt cu chnh
song song vi hng np ph gy ra, khng vt qu 0,8 ln ng sut mt n nh
tiu chun
cs
o , vi
cs
o c xc nh nh sau:
CS ES
o = o khi
F
ES
2
o
o s
F
CS F
ES
(1 )
4
o
o = o
o
khi
F
ES
2
o
o >
Trong :
F
o : Nh quy nh (a)
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

599
ES
o :
E3
o hoc
E4
o xc nh theo cng thc sau y, chn tr s no nh hn:

I
a,net
E3
2
net
0,001E
A l
o =
E : Nh quy nh (1)(a)
I
a,net
: M men qun tnh ca tit din np ph, k c mp b trn bng khong
cch ca cc np ph, cm
4

A
net
: Din tch tit din ngang ca np ph, k c mp b trn bng khong
cch ca cc np ph, cm
2

l : Nhp ca np ph, m
I I
I I
2
w,net I,net 2
E4
4 2 2
p,net p,net
E k
m 0,385E
10 l m
[
| |
o = + +
|
\ .

I
4
6
4
w,net
Cl
K 10
E
=
[

m : Ly theo Bng 2B/17.6
Bng 2B/17/6 Tr s m
1 <K <4 4 s K <36 36 s K <144 (m-1)
2
m
2
s K <m
2
(m+1)
2

m 1 2 3 m
I
w,net
: M men qun tnh tit din ca np ph, bao gm c lin kt vi tm, cm
6
:
I
3 3
w w,net 6
w,net
h t
10
36

= - i vi np ph l thanh thp
I
2 3
w f f,net 6
w,net
h b t
10
12

= - i vi np ph l thp ch T
{ }
I
2 3
2 2 6
w f
w,net f,net f f w w w,net f w
2
f w
h b
t (b 2bh 4h ) 3t b h 10
12(b h )

= + + +
+
- i vi np ph
l thp gc v thp m
I
p,net
: M men qun tnh cc ca np ph, bao gm c lin kt vi tm, cm
4
:
I
3 3
w w,net 4
p,net
h t
10
3

I
2
w w,net 2 4
p,net w f f,net
h t
( h b t )10
3

= + - i vi np ph b mp
I
t,net
: M men qun tnh Venant St ca np ph khng c mp b trn, cm
4

I
3
w w,net 4
t,net
h t
10
3

I
f,net 3 3 4
t,net w w,net f f,net
f
t
1
h t b t (1 0,63 ) 10
3 b

| |
= +
|
\ .
- i vi np ph b mp
h
w
: Chiu cao bn thnh np ph, mm
t
w,net
: Chiu dy tinh ca bn thnh np ph, mm
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

600
b
f
: Chiu rng ca mp b di np ph, mm
t
f,net
: Chiu dy tinh ca mp b di np ph, mm
C : c ly nh sau:
3
p p,net 3
3
p w p,net
3
w,net
k Et
C 10
1,33k h t
3S(1 )
1000St
=
+

S : Khong cch cc np ph, mm
k
p
: c ly nh sau, nhng khng nh hn 0. i vi np dc c mp b,
tr s ny khng cn ly nh hn 0,1.
p p
k 1 = q
p
E1
o
q =
o
vi
E1
o nh quy nh (1)
t
p,net
: Chiu dy tinh ca tm np ming khoang, mm.
(3) ng sut tip trong tm thnh kt cu chnh ca np ming khoang phi khng
vt qu 0,8 ln ng sut mt n nh tiu chun
C
t , c xc nh nh di y.
i vi kt cu chnh theo hng vung gc vi np ph hoc i vi np ming
khoang c lm khng c np ph, phi xem xt ng sut tip trung bnh gia cc tr
s tnh c ti cc mt ca nhng tm ny.
C E
t = t khi
F
E
2
t
t s
F
C E
E
1
4
| | t
t = t
|
t
\ .
khi
F
E
2
t
t >
F
F
3
o
t =
pr,net 2
E 1
t
0,9k E( )
1000d
t =
F
o v E : Nh quy nh (1)
t
pr,net
: Chiu dy tinh ca thnh phn kt cu chnh, mm
1
2
4,0
k 5,35
a
( )
d
= +
Trong :
a : Kch thc ln hn ca tm thnh kt cu chnh, m. i vi kt cu d
chnh hng vung gc vi np ph hoc np ming khoang c lm
khng c np ph, th kch thc d nh hn c xt n
d : Kch thc nh hn ca tm thnh kt cu chnh, m.
7 Gii hn bin dng
Bin dng theo phng ng ca kt cu chnh v x tho lp khng c ln hn l,
trong l l nhp ln nht ca kt cu chnh hoc x tho lp v c ly theo Bng
2B/17.5.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

601
17.2.5 Nhng yu cu b sung i vi np ming khoang bng thp ch hng
1 Quy nh chung
(1) Kch thc np ca np ming khoang bng thp d nh ch hng trn v l
phi ph hp vi cc quy nh 17.2.4 v nhng quy nh b sung 17.2.5 ny. Nu
trng thi ti trng hoc kiu kt cu khc vi quy nh iu 17.2.5 ny, th phng
php tnh ton phi c ng kim chp nhn.
(2) Tr s xc nh c t nhng quy nh ca iu ny bao gm c lng han g b
sung.
(3) Trong trng hp, nu ti trng hng ho v ti trng sng tc dng ng thi do
hnh dng hng ho v chiu cao xp hng, th phi xem xt c bit.
2 Ti trng hng thit k
Ti trng hng thit k h (kN/m
2
) phi khng nh hn tr s xc nh c theo (1) hoc
(2) di y.
(1) h phi tng ng vi tiu chun bng 7 ln chiu cao t mt trn ca np ming
khoang n boong pha trn o mn ca khoang (m) hoc 7 ln chiu cao t boong
ang xt n mp trn ca thnh ming khoang ca boong pha trn (m). Tuy nhin, h
c th c ly bng trng lng hng ha thit k ti a trn mt n v din tch
ca np ming khoang (kN/m
2
). Trong trng hp ny tr s ca h phi c xc nh
bng cch xem xt chiu cao xp hng.
(2) Nu hng ha c xp ln np ming khoang boong thi tit, th h phi bng trng
lng hng ha thit k ti a trn mt n v din tch np ming khoang (kN/m
2
).
3 Chiu dy cc tm b phn
i vi np ming khoang m trn cha hng ho, chiu dy ca tm nc t khng
c nh hn tr s xc nh theo cng thc sau:
t 1,25S Kh 2,5 = + mm
Trong :
S : Khong cch cc np gia cng, m
h : Ti trng hng thit k nh quy nh -2, kN/m
2

K : H s c cho Bng 2B/17.7, ty thuc vo loi thp.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

602
Bng 2B/17.7 H s K
Thp c bn cao
Loi thp Thp thng
A, D, E v F32 A, D, E v F36 A, D, E v F40
K 1 0,78 0,72 0,68
4 Np ph
M dun chng un tit din ca np do sng v chu ti trng phn b u c th c
xc nh t tnh ton trc tip bn hoc xc nh theo cng thc sau y, ph thuc
vo kiu ca np ming khoang thp.
Z =0,71CKShl
2
cm
3

Trong :
C : H s ly nh di y, ph thuc vo kiu lin kt mt np
C =1,0 - trong trng hp hn ta c hai mt
C =1,5 - trong trng hp lin kt khng gn m c hai mt hoc mt mt
lin kt khng gn m, mt kia hn ta.
K : H s cho bng 2B/17.7, tu thuc vo loi thp
S : Khong cch cc np, m
h : Ti trng hng thit k quy nh -2, kN/m
2

l : Nhp t do ca np, m.
5 Kch thc ca cc thnh phn kt cu chnh v x tho lp
Kch thc tinh ca cc thnh phn kt cu chnh ca np ming khoang thp, kiu
c n gin gia cc thnh ming khoang vi ti trng phn b u tc ng v
kch thc tinh ca x tho lp phi ph hp vi cng thc di y. i vi np ming
khoang thp, S v l tng ng c hiu l b v S.
M un chng un tit din tinh ti gia nhp ca x tho lp hoc kt cu chnh:
Z
net
=C
1
Kk
1
Shl
2
cm
3
M men qun tnh tit din tinh ti gia nhp ca x tho lp hoc kt cu chnh:
I
net
=C
2
k
2
Shl
3
cm
4
Din tch tit din tinh ca bn thnh ti cc mt x tho lp hoc kt cu chnh:
A
net
=C
3
KShl cm
2

Trong :
S, b, l, k
1
v k
2
: Nh quy nh 17.2.4-5
C
1
, C
2
v C
3
: Cc h s cho Bng 2B/17.8
K : H s cho Bng 2B/17.7, tu thuc vo loi thp
h : Ti trng hng thit k quy nh -2, kN/m
2
.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

603
Bng 2B/17.8 H s C
1
, C
2
v C
3

C
1
C
2
C
3

1,07 1,81 0,064*
Ch thch: * : Khng p dng cho np ming khoang thp.
6 ng sut mt n nh nn
Np ming khoang thp phi tho mn cng thc sau y. Tuy nhin, trong trng hp
np ming khoang thp kiu tm kp, ch ph hp vi tm thc t chu ng sut nn.
cr
1,2
o
>
o

Trong :
cr
o : ng sut mt n nh nn tiu chun (N/mm
2
), c ly nh sau:
'
cr cr
o = o khi
' F
cr
2
o
o s
F
cr
'
cr
(1
4
o
o =
o
khi
' F
cr
2
o
o >
' 2
cr
t
0,74( )
S
o =
Trong :
t : Chiu dy ca tm, mm
S : Khong cch cc np, mm
F
o : Cn trn ti thiu ca ng sut chy ca thp c s dng, N/mm
2
.
o : ng sut nn tc dng ln tm thp, N/mm
2
.
7 Gii hn bin dng
Bin dng theo phng thng ng ca cc thnh phn kt cu chnh v x tho lp phi
khng ln hn 0,0035 l, trong l l nhp ln nht ca kt cu chnh hoc x tho lp.
17.2.6 Nhng yu cu c bit i vi x tho lp, np ming khoang, np thp hnh
hp v np thp chu thi tit
1 X tho lp phi tha mn cc yu cu t (1) n (7) sau y:
(1) u kp v lp x phi c kt cu chc chn, chiu rng mt ta t nht phi
bng 75 mm. Phi c phng tin hu hiu t v c nh x.
(2) T ch t u kp v n boong, thnh ming khoang phi c gia cng bng
np hoc bng mt bin php tng ng.
(3) Nu dng nhng x trt th phi c bin php m bo cho x gi nguyn v tr
khi ming khoang c ng.
(4) Chiu cao tit din x v chiu rng ca bn mp ca x phi sao cho x khng b mt
n nh ngang. Chiu cao ca tit din mt x phi khng nh hn 0,4 ln chiu cao
tit din gia x hoc 150 mm, ly tr s no ln hn.
(5) Bn mp mp trn ca x tho lp phi c ko ra n tn mt x. Trn cc
on di t nht l 180 mm mi mt x chiu dy ca bn thnh phi c tng
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

604
gp hai ln so vi chiu dy bn thnh gia nhp x hoc phi c gia cng
bng tm kp.
(6) X tho lp phi c chi tit c th tho v lp m khng cn phi tc ng trc tip
n x.
(7) X tho lp phi c nh du r rng ch r boong, ming khoang v v tr lp t x.
2 Np ming khoang phi tha mn cc yu cu t (1) n (5) sau y:
(1) Mt ta phi rng t nht l 65 mm v nu cn th phi vt ph hp vi dc ca
ming khoang.
(2) Np ming khoang phi c mc nng ty thuc trng lng v kch thc ca np, tr
khi theo kt cu mc nng l khng cn thit.
(3) Np ming khoang phi c nh du r rng ch r boong, ming khoang v v tr
t np.
(4) G dng lm np ming khoang phi c cht lng tt, th thng, khng c mu, hc
v nt.
(5) Cc mt ca np g phi c bo v bng vng ai thp.
3 Np thp hnh hp phi tha mn cc yu cu t (1) n (3) sau y:
(1) Chiu cao tit din ca np thp hnh hp ti phi khng nh hn 1/3 chiu cao tit
din ti gia nhp hoc khng nh hn 150 mm ly tr s no ln hn.
(2) Chiu rng mt ta ca np thp hnh hp phi khng nh hn 75 mm.
(3) Np phi c nh du r rng ch r boong, ming khoang v v tr t np.
4 Np thp chu thi tit phi tha mn cc yu cu t (1) n (4) sau y:
(1) Chiu cao tit din np thp chu thi tit ti phi khng nh hn 1/3 chiu cao tit
din np ti gia nhp hoc 150 mm, ly tr s no ln hn.
(2) Kch thc v kt cu ca cc np nh hoc cc np thp chu thi tit loi c bit
khng th p dng nhng yu cu (1), 17.2.4 v 17.2.5, v cc np ca nhng
ming khoang khng c thnh ni 17.2.2-2, phi c ng kim xem xt c bit.
(3) Cc phng tin c nh v m bo tnh chu thi tit phi c ng kim chp
thun. Cc phng tin phi m bo c yu cu chu thi tit trong bt k iu
kin no ca bin.
(4) i vi cc np ming khoang thp chu thi tit, phi t cc thit b chn hu hiu
ph hp vi cc quy nh Bng 2B/17.9 chn lc ngang tc ng ln mt trc
v mt bn np.
17.2.7 Bt v cc thit b c nh dng cho ming khoang ng bng np tho lp
1 t nht phi c hai lp bt cp A tha mn cc yu cu ca Chng 6 Phn 7B cho mi
ming khoang l boong mn kh hoc boong thng tng v t nht l 1 lp bt nh vy
cho mi ming khoang l cc vng khc.
2 Cc thanh chn bt phi c nh bt v phi c chiu rng khng nh hn 65 mm,
chiu dy khng nh hn 9 mm.
3 Nm phi bng g cng hoc bng vt liu tng ng khc. Nm phi c vt khng
ln hn 1/6. Mi nm phi c chiu dy khng nh hn 13 mm.
4 nm phi c t theo vt ca nm, phi c chiu rng t nht bng 65 mm, phi
c t cch nhau khng xa qu 600 mm, tnh t tm n n tm kia. nm mi bn
phi c t cch gc ming khoang khng xa qu 150 mm.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

605
5 i vi tt c cc ming khot vng l ca boong mn kh v boong thng tng, phi
c nhng thanh thp hoc nhng phng tin tng ng c nh chc chn tng
tm np ming khoang khi ph bt. Cc np ming khoang c chiu di ln hn 1,5 m
phi c c nh t nht bng hai thanh thp nh vy. Cc ming khoang khc vng l
ca boong thi tit phi c bu lng vng hoc cc phng tin chng buc khc.
Bng 2B/17.9 Yu cu v bn ca cc chi tit chn
p sut thit k
Phi p dng (1) hoc (2) di y, ph thuc vo kiu tu.
(1) i vi tu ch hng ri nh nh ngha 1.2.9-1, Phn 1B:
(a) Np ming khoang i vi khoang hng pha mi
Lc theo phng dc tc dng ln mt trc: 230 kN/m
2
(Tuy
nhin, nu c mt thng tng ph hp vi quy nh 16.4, Phn
2A, th c th gim n 175 kN/m
2
)
Lc theo phng ngang: 175 kN/m
2

(b) Cc np ming khoang khc
Lc theo phng dc tc dng ln mt trc v lc theo phng
ngang: 175 kN/m
2

(2) Cc tu khc vi quy nh (1):
Phi p dng (a) hoc (b) di y. Tuy nhin, i vi cc tu c mn
kh qu ln, p lc thit k phi c ng kim chp nhn.
(a) Np ming khoang i vi khoang hng pha mi
Lc theo phng dc tc dng ln mt trc: 230 kN/m
2
(nu c
mt thng tng ph hp vi quy nh 16.4, Phn 2A, th c th
gim n 175 kN/m
2
)
Lc theo phng ngang: 175 kN/m
2

(b) Cc np ming khoang khc
Lc theo phng dc tc dng ln mt trc v lc theo phng
ngang: 175 kN/m
2
(Tuy nhin, trong trng hp mt thnh ngang
ming khoang pha trc c bo v bng np ming khoang
hng pha trc lin k hoc bng mt kt cu khc hu hiu
ngn lc tc ng ca sng bin, th lc theo phng dc tc dng
ln mt trc ca chng phi c ng kim xem xt ring).
ng sut tng
ng cho php
thit b chn, cc kt cu v mi hn chn (tnh ti chiu cao ca
mi hn), ng sut tng ng khng c vt qu tr s cho php
bng 0,8 ln ng sut chy ca vt liu.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

606
17.2.8 Np thp ca ming kt su
1 Np thp ca ming kt su phi tha mn cc yu cu sau y:
(1) Thm vo nhng yu cu i vi np thp chu thi tit, kch thc ca kt cu np
ming kt su cn phi khng nh hn kch thc yu cu i vi kt cu nc kt
su.
(2) Cc phng tin c nh v m bo tnh kn cht lng phi c ng kim duyt.
17.2.9 Cc yu cu b sung i vi ming khoang nh trn boong mi l
i vi cc tu c chiu di L
1
bng hoc ln hn 80 m, nu chiu cao ca boong l trong
vng ming khoang, tnh t ng nc ch hng thit k ln nht nh hn 0,1 L
1
hoc
22 m (chn tr s no ln hn) th cc ming khoang nh nm trn boong l pha trc
0,25 L
1
phi bn v kn thi tit chng li lc tc ng ca sng bin.
17.3 Ming bung my
17.3.1 Bo v ming bung my
Ming bung my phi c bo v bng vch quy bng thp.
17.3.2 Vch quy l ca ming bung my
1 Vch quy l ca ming bung my phi c kch thc khng nh hn kch thc quy
nh 16.2.1 v 16.2.2 vi c c ly bng 1,0.
2 Chiu dy tn nh vch quy l ca ming bung my phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo
cc cng thc sau y:
V tr I : 6,3S +2,5 mm
V tr II : 6,0S +2,5 mm
Trong :
17.3.3 Vch quy ming bung my di boong mn kh hoc trong khng gian kn
Kch thc c cu ca vch quy ming bung my di boong mn kh hoc trong
thng tng kn v lu kn phi tha mn cc yu cu sau y:
(1) Chiu dy tn phi khng nh hn 6,5 mm. Nu khong cch np ln hn 760 mm th
chiu dy tn phi tng vi t l 0,5 mm cho mi lng tng 100 mm ca khong cch
np. Trong khng gian sinh hot chiu dy tn c th c gim 2 mm.
(2) M un chng un ca tit din np phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc
sau:
Z =
3
1,2Sl cm
3

Trong :
l : Chiu cao ni boong, m.
S : Khong cch gia cc np m.
17.3.4 Ca vo bung my
1 Tt c cc ca vo bung my phi c gng t v tr c bo v v phi c cnh ca
bng thp, c th ng v c nh c t c hai pha. Trn vch quy l boong mn
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

607
kh, cnh ca phi tha mn cc yu cu 16.3.1-1.
2 Chiu cao ca ngng ca vch quy phi khng nh hn 600 mm tnh t mt trn ca
boong v tr I v khng nh hn 380 mm v tr II.
3 i vi nhng tu c mn kh gim, ca vo trn vch quy l boong mn kh hoc
boong ui nng phi dn vo nhng khng gian hoc hnh lang c bn tng ng
vi bn ca vch quy v tch bit vi cu thang vo bung my bi mt ca th hai
bng thp v kn thi tit, c chiu cao ngng t nht bng 230 mm.
17.3.5 Cc l khot khc vch quy ming bung my
1 Thnh ng khi, ng thng gi bung my v tr l ca boong mn kh hoc boong
thng tng phi c gng cao hn mt boong.
2 v tr l ca boong thng tng v boong mn kh cc l khot thnh ng khi v cc
l khot khc vch quy ming bung my phi c np cng bng thp, chu thi tit v
thng xuyn t v tr thch hp.
3 Vnh khng gian quanh ng khi v tt c cc l khot vch quy ming bung my
phi c thit b ng c th thao tc t pha ngoi bung my trong trng hp ha hon.
17.3.6 Vch quy ming bung my thng tng h v lu h
Vch quy ming bung my thng tng h v lu h v cc ca vch quy phi
c kt cu c ng kim chp thun, c xt n mc bo v to bi thng tng
hoc lu.
17.4 Ming khot chi boong v cc ming khot khc boong
17.4.1 L ngi chui v l thng sng
L chui v l thng sng trong vng l ca boong mn kh v boong thng tng hoc
trong nhng thng tng khng phi l thng tng kn phi c ng bng np thp
kn nc. Cc np phi c c nh bng nhng bu lng t gn nhau hoc phi
c lp thng xuyn vo l khot.
17.4.2 Chi boong
1 Cc li vo boong mn kh phi c bo v bng thng tng kn, hoc bng lu hoc
chi c bn tng ng v kn thi tit.
2 Cc li vo boong thng tng l hoc boong lu trn boong mn kh, dn vo khng
gian di boong mn kh hoc dn vo khng gian trong thng tng kn phi c
bo v hu hiu bng lu hoc bng chi boong.
3 Ca vo cc lu hoc chi boong nu -1 v -2 phi c cnh ca tha mn cc yu cu
16.3.1-1.
4 Ngng ca ca cc li vo chi boong quy nh t -1 n -3 phi c chiu cao khng
nh hn 600 mm tnh t mt trn ca boong v tr I v khng nh hn 380 mm v tr II.
5 i vi lu hoc thng tng m cc ca bo v dn ti cc khng gian nm di boong
mn kh, phi c chiu cao ngng ca lu trn boong mn kh khng c nh hn
600 mm. Tuy nhin, nu li vo c t mt boong trn thay cho li vo t boong
mn kh, th chiu cao ngng ca dn vo lu li hoc thng tng ui hoc lu c th
c gim xung n bng 380 mm.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

608
6 Nu li vo trong cc thng tng v lu m cc ca bo v dn ti cc khng gian nm
di boong mn kh khng c thit b ng kn ph hp vi quy nh 16.3.1-1, th cc ca
dn ti cc khng gian nm di boong mn kh c coi l l thin.
17.4.3 L khot vo khoang hng
Li i v cc l khot khc vo khoang hng phi c cc phng tin ng thao tc c
t pha ngoi ca khoang trong trng hp c ha hon. Nu cc li i v l khot dn
vo bt k khng gian no khc trong tu th cc phng tin ng ni trn phi bng
thp.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

609
CHNG 18 BUNG MY, BUNG NI HI, HM TRC V HM HM TRC
18.1 Quy nh chung
18.1.1 Phm vi p dng
Kt cu ca bung my phi tha mn cc quy nh ca Chng ny v cc Chng khc
c lin quan.
18.1.2 Kt cu
Bung my phi c gia cng thch ng bng nhng sn khe, x khe, ct hoc
bng nhng bin php kt cu khc.
18.1.3 Cc kt cu my v h trc
Cc b phn ca my v h trc phi c chc chn v cc kt cu k cn phi c
gia cng thch ng.
18.1.4 Tu hai chn vt v tu c cng sut my ln
nhng tu c hai chn vt v nhng tu c cng sut my ln, kt cu v lin kt ca b
my phi c gia cng c bit theo t l chiu cao ca my trn chiu di hoc chiu
rng, trng lng, cng sut ca my v theo loi my v.v
18.2 B my chnh
18.2.1 Tu y n
1 tu y n, my chnh phi c t trn nhng tm b dy t ngang qua cnh trn
ca ngang y thnh cao hoc trn nhng sng b ln c gn m, c gia cng
v c bn t l vi cng sut v kch thc ca my.
2 Tm sng ca b my phi c t di hng bu lng chnh ca my chnh v bu lng
phi i xuyn qua tm mt ca sng b my.
3 nhng tu m my c t theo ng tm tu, nu cc sng dc c t di my
v khong cch cc sng dc khng ln lm th c th khng cn phi t sng chnh
ca y tu.
18.2.2 Tu y i
1 tu y i my chnh phi c t trc tip ln tn y trn dy hoc ln tm b dy
cnh trn ca tm sng b phn b hu hiu trng lng ca my.
2 Cc sng ph b sung phi c t trong y i pha di ca hng bu lng chnh hoc
nhng v tr thch hp khc m bo phn b tt trng lng v cng ca kt cu.
18.3 Kt cu bung ni hi
18.3.1 B ni hi
1 Ni hi phi c bng cc ngang thnh cao hnh yn nga, hoc bng cc sng
ngang hoc sng dc, c b tr sao cho phn b tt trng lng ca ni hi.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

610
2 Nu ni hi c bng nhng yn nga ngang hoc bng nhng sng ngang th
cc ngang y di phi c gia cng c bit.
18.3.2 V tr ca ni hi
Ni hi phi c b tr sao cho m bo d tip cn v thng gi tt.
18.3.3 Khong cch gia ni hi v cc kt cu ln cn
1 Ni hi phi c t cch nh kt t nht l 457 mm. Nu khong cch bt buc phi
nh hn th chiu dy ca cc c cu ln cn phi c tng. Khong cch phi c
ghi trong cc bn v trnh duyt.
2 Cc vch khoang v boong phi cch xa ni hi v ng thng hi hoc phi c cch ly
thch ng.
3 Vn lt vch ln cn vi ni hi phi c t m bo mt khong cch thch ng.
18.4 Cm chn v b
18.4.1 B chn
Cm chn phi c bt bu lng vi b c kt cu chc chn. B phi c ko di ra
ngoi chn v phi c b tr sao cho phn b hiu qu lc tc dng t chn ln cc
kt cu k cn.
18.4.2 Kt cu di b chn
vng b chn cn phi t sng b sung nu cn.
18.5 B v b my ph
18.5.1 Quy nh chung
B v b my ph phi c bn v cng t l vi trng lng phi v vi
chiu cao ca b.
18.6 Hm trc v hm hm trc
18.6.1 B tr
1 nhng tu c bung my gia tu, h trc chn vt phi c t trong hm kn nc
c kch thc.
2 Cc ca kn nc phi c t u v cui hm trc. Phng tin ng ca v kt
cu ca ca kn nc phi theo cc yu cu 11.3.
3 nhng hm trc c ca kn nc theo yu cu -2, phi c li thot t mt v tr
thch hp. Li thot phi dn ln boong vch hoc cao hn na.
18.6.2 Tn vch bn phng
Chiu dy ca tn vch bn phng ca hm trc phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng
thc sau:
t =2,9S h 2,5 + mm
Trong :
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

611
S : Khong cch gia cc np, m.
h : Khong cch thng ng, o gia chiu di ca mi khoang, t cnh di ca tm
tn n boong vch ng tm tu, m.
18.6.3 Tn nc phng
1 Chiu dy ca tn nc phng ca hm trc hoc ca hm hm trc phi khng nh hn tr
s tnh theo cng thc 18.6.2, h c ly bng chiu cao t mt tn nc n boong
vch ng tm tu.
2 Nu nc ca hm trc hoc ca hm hm trc l mt phn ca boong th chiu dy ca tn
nc phi c tng t nht l 1 mm so vi chiu dy tnh theo yu cu -1, nhng trong
mi trng hp khng c nh hn chiu dy tn boong cng v tr .
18.6.4 Tn nc cong v tn vch bn cong
Chiu dy ca tn nc cong v ca tn vch bn cong phi c xc nh theo cc yu
cu 18.6.2 nhng vi khong cch np nh hn 150 mm so vi khong cch thc ca
cc np.
18.6.5 Tn nc di ming khoang
Tn nc di ming khoang phi c tng t nht l 2 mm hoc phi c ph bng
mt lp g c chiu dy khng nh hn 50 mm.
18.6.6 Lp g ph
Lp g ph cp 18.6.5 phi phi c c nh sao cho m bo kn nc ca
hm trc khi g b hng ha lm h hi. Cng phi quan tm nh vy nu trn hm trc c
cc bc cu thang.
18.6.7 Np
1 nc v vch ca hm trc, np phi c t cch nhau khng xa qu 915 mm.
2 M un chng un ca tit din np phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau.
Nu np c hn vi tn v mi ni mt cng c hn kn ton b th m un chng
un ny c th c gim 10%.
Z =
2
4,4Shl cm
3

Trong :
l : Khong cch t chn ca vch bn phng n nh ca vch bn phng, m.
S : Khong cch gia cc np, m.
h : Khong cch thng ng, o gia chiu di ca mi khoang, t trung im ca l
n boong vch, m.
3 Nu t s gia bn knh nc cong ca hm trc v khong cch t y n nh hm trc
l tng i ln th m un chng un ca tit din np phi c tng thch ng so vi
quy nh -2.
4 Tng np phi c t chng v tn riv vi thp gc vin. Nu chiu cao tit din np
ln hn 150 mm th chn np phi c lin kt vi tn y trn bng lin kt hn ta.
18.6.8 Kt cu di cc ct, ct np v cc tr ng khc
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612
Nu cc tr ng nh cc ct v cc ct np c t ln hm trc hoc ln hm hm
trc th phi c bin php gia cng cc b t l vi trng lng phi .
18.6.9 Nc hm trc hoc nc hm hm trc to thnh mt phn ca boong
Nu nc hm trc hoc nc hm hm trc to thnh mt phn ca boong th cc x, ct v
sng di cc nc phi c kch thc yu cu nh i vi cc c cu tng t ca
hm vch.
18.6.10 ng thng gi v li thot
ng thng gi v li thot hm trc hoc hm hm trc phi kn nc cho n boong
vch v phi khe chu c p sut m cc kt cu c th gp.
18.6.11 Hm trc trong kt nc hoc kt du
Hm trc trong kt nc hoc kt du phi c kt cu v bn tng ng vi kt cu
v bn yu cu i vi vch ca kt su.
18.6.12 Hm kn nc
Nu t nhng hm kn nc tng t nh hm trc th nhng hm kn nc phi c
kt cu tng t nh kt cu ca hm trc.
18.6.13 Hm c dng cong
Nu hm c dng cong i qua kt su th chiu dy tn vng i qua kt phi khng nh
t =9,1 + 0,134d
t
h mm
Trong :
d
t
: ng knh ca hm, m.
h : Tr s ln hn ca cc khong cch cho di y:
- khong cch thng ng t y hm n trung im ca khong cch t nc
hm n nh ng trn, m
- 0,7 ln khong cch thng ng (m) t y hm n im cao hn nh
ng trn 2,0 m .

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CHNG 19 MN CHN SNG, LAN CAN, B TR THOT NC,
CA HNG HA V CC CA TNG T KHC,
L KHOT MN, NG THNG GI V CU BOONG
19.1 Mn chn sng v lan can
19.1.1 Quy nh chung
1 Mn chn sng hoc lan can hu hiu phi c t xung quanh tt c cc boong l.
2 Lan can quy nh -1 phi tho mn cc yu cu sau y:
(1) Cc ct kiu bn l di ng hoc c nh phi c t khong cch 1,5 m. Cc ct
kiu bn l di ng phi c kh nng kho li v tr thng ng.
(2) Ti thiu mi ct th ba phi c bng m hoc thanh dng. Thay cho m hoc
thanh dng, c th dng phng tin thch hp, nu c ng kim c th chp
nhn.
(3) Nu cn thit i vi hot ng bnh thng ca tu, c th xem xt chp nhn dng
cp thp thay cho cc thanh ngang ca lan can. Trong trng hp ny, cp thp phi
c cng bng thit b kho xoay.
(4) Nu cn thit i vi hot ng bnh thng ca tu, c th dng xch gia hai ct c
nh ca lan can v/hoc chp nhn dng mn chn sng thay cho lan can.
19.1.2 Kch thc
1 Chiu cao ca mn chn sng hoc lan can quy nh 19.1.1 t nht phi bng 1 m tnh t
mt trn ca boong. Nu chiu cao gy tr ngi cho hot ng bnh thng ca tu th
c th cho php mt chiu cao nh hn nu c ng kim tha nhn rng mc bo
v l m bo.
2 Lan can trn boong mn kh v thng tng phi c t nht 3 thanh ngang. Khong h
di thanh thp nht ca lan can phi khng ln hn 230 mm. Khong cch gia cc
thanh khc ca lan can phi khng ln hn 380 mm. nhng v tr khc, lan can phi c t
nht 2 thanh.
3 Nu tu c mp boong ln th ct lan can phi c t phn phng ca boong.
19.1.3 Kt cu
1 Mn chn sng phi c kt cu vng chc, cnh trn phi c gia cng chc chn.
Chiu dy ca tn mn chn sng boong mn kh t nht phi bng 6 mm.
2 Mn chn sng phi c bng nhng np lin kt vi boong ch c x ngang
boong hoc ch c gia cng chc chn. Khong cch gia cc np boong mn
kh phi khng ln hn 1,8 mt.
3 nhng boong ch hng g, mn chn sng phi c bng nhng np khe t
cch nhau khng xa qu 1,5 mt.
19.1.4 Nhng yu cu khc
1 Ca ln tu v cc l khot khc mn chn sng phi cch xa ch ngt ca thng
tng.
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614
2 Nu mn chn sng b ct to thnh cc ca ln tu hoc cc l khot khc th cc np
gn ch b ct phi c tng bn.
3 ch lun cp buc tu, tn mn chn sng phi l tm kp hoc phi c tng chiu dy.
4 cc mt thng tng, thanh mp ca mn chn sng phi c lin kt bng m vi
vch mt thng tng hoc vi tm mp boong ca thng tng, hoc phi c kt cu
tng ng trnh s thay i t ngt ca bn.
19.2 B tr thot nc
19.2.1 Quy nh chung
1 Nu mn chn sng nm phn chu tc ng ca thi tit ca boong mn kh hoc
boong thng tng to thnh cc rnh t nc th phi c phng tin nc thot
nhanh khi boong.
2 Phi c nhng ca ln thot nc t nhng vng khc m nc c th tch t.
3 nhng tu c thng tng m mt hoc hai mt, phi c ca thot nc t khng
gian trong thng tng.
4 nhng tu c mn kh gim, lan can phi c t t nht l trn na chiu di phn l
ca boong thi tit hoc phi c nhng phng tin thot nc hu hiu khc theo yu
cu ca ng kim.
19.2.2 Din tch ca thot nc
1 Din tch ca thot nc mi bn mn tu (A, m
2
) dng cho mi rnh t nc boong
mn kh v boong ui nng phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cc cng thc sau y.
Din tch ca thot nc dng cho mi rnh t nc boong thng tng khng phi l
boong ui nng phi khng nh hn 0,5 ln din tch tnh theo cc cng thc .
A =0,7 0,035l a + + Nu l khng nh hn 20 m.
A =0,07l a + Nu l ln hn 20 m.
Trong :
l : Chiu di ca mn chn sng, nhng khng cn ly ln hn 0,7 L
f
, m.
a : c tnh theo cc cng thc sau y (m
2
):
a =0,04l(h 1,2) Nu: h > 1,2 m
a =0 Nu: 0,9 m s h s1,2 m
a = 0,04l(0,9 h) Nu: h < 0,9 m.
h : Chiu cao trung bnh ca mn chn sng tnh t boong, m.
2 nhng tu khng c cong dc boong hoc cong dc boong nh hn tr s tiu
chun, din tch ti thiu ca ca thot nc tnh theo cc cng thc -1 phi c tng
bng cch nhn vi h s tnh theo cng thc sau:
0
S
1,5
2S

Trong :
S : cong dc trung bnh thc, mm
S
0
: cong dc trung bnh tiu chun theo Phn 11, mm.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

615
3 nhng tu c hm boong hoc c thnh ming khoang lin tc hoc gn nh lin tc
gia cc thng tng c lp, din tch ca ca thot nc phi khng nh hn tr s cho
Bng 2B/19.1.
Bng 2B/19.1 Din tch ca thot nc
Chiu rng ca hm ni trn
boong hoc ca ming khoang, m
Din tch ca ca thot nc
tnh theo tng din tch ca mn chn sng
s 0,4B
f

> 0,75B
f

0,2
0,1
Ch thch:
Vi cc tr s chiu rng trung gian ca hm ni trn boong hoc ca ming khoang th din
tch ca thot nc c tnh theo ni suy tuyn tnh.
4 Mc d nhng yu cu t -1 n -3, nu ng kim thy cn thit, th nhng tu c hm
boong trn boong mn kh, phi t lan can thay v mn chn sng boong mn kh trong
vng c hm ni trn boong, trn chiu di ln hn 0,5 ln chiu di ca hm boong.
19.2.3 B tr ca thot nc
1 Hai phn ba din tch ca ca thot nc yu cu 19.2.2 phi c t mt na chiu
di ca rnh t nc gn im thp nht ca ng cong dc.
2 Ca thot nc phi c gc ln v mp di ca ca phi c gng xung st mt boong.
19.2.4 Kt cu ca ca thot nc
1 Nu chiu di v chiu cao ca ca thot nc ln hn 230 mm th ca thot nc phi
c bo v bng nhng thanh t cch nhau khong 230 mm.
2 Nu ca thot nc c cnh y th phi c khe h thch hp trnh b kt. Cht bn l
v gi ta ca cnh y phi bng vt liu khng g.
3 Cnh y ni -2 khng c lp thit b ci cht.
19.3 Ca mi v ca trong
19.3.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Mc ny ca Quy chun a ra nhng yu cu v vic b tr, bn v c nh ca
cc ca mi dn vo thng tng mi di kn hoc lin tc.
2 Trong mc ny a ra hai kiu ca chn v ca mn (sau y gi chung l "ca").
3 Nhng kiu ca khc vi -2 phi c xem xt c bit c quan tm n nhng quy nh
tng ng ca Quy chun ny.
19.3.2 B tr cc ca v ca trong
1 Cc ca phi c t trn boong mn kh. Mt hc kn nc vch chng va v nm
pha trn ng nc ch hng cao nht dng lp cc cu nghing hoc nhng thit
b c kh c lin quan khc, c th c coi nh mt phn ca boong mn kh v mc ch
ca yu cu ny.
2 Phi t ca trong. Ca trong phi l mt phn ca vch chng va, cc ca trong khng
cn t trc tip trn vch pha di, min sao n nm trong phm vi xc nh v v
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616
tr ca vch chng va, xem quy nh 11.1.1.
3 Mt ca nghing cho xe c gii c th c t nh ca trong quy nh -2, min sao
dng ca n l mt phn ca vch chng va v ph hp vi nhng quy nh v v tr ca
vch chng va nu 11.1.1. Nu khng th thc hin c yu cu ny th phi t mt
ca trong kn nc ring bit, cch xa phm vi quy nh v v tr vch chng va n mc
c th c.
4 Ni chung, cc ca c t phi kn thi tit v bo v hu hiu cc ca trong.
5 Cc ca trong c dng l mt phn ca vch chng va phi kn thi tit trn ton b chiu
cao ca khoang hng v mt sau ca phi c m kn.
6 Cc ca v ca trong phi c b tr sao cho c th ngn nga c kh nng gy
h hi kt cu ca cc ca trong hoc vch chng va trong trng hp c h hi hoc
tho ca ra. Nu khng th thc hin c iu ny, th phi t mt ca trong kn thi
tit ring bit, nh quy nh 11.1.1.
7 Nhng yu cu i vi ca trong da trn gi thit rng xe c gii c chng buc chc
chn v khng dch chuyn khi v tr t xe.
19.3.3 Tiu chun bn
1 Kch thc ca cc chi tit chnh, cc thit b v c nh ca v ca trong phi c
xc nh theo ti trng thit k ca tng loi ca vi ng sut cho php sau y:
ng sut tip :
80
K
t = N/mm
2

ng sut php:
120
K
o = N/mm
2

ng sut tng ng:
2 2
e
3 o = o + t N/mm
2

Trong : K l h s c ly tu thuc vo loi vt liu.
K =1,00 i vi thp thng, i vi thp c bn cao - K ly theo quy
nh 1.3.1-2(1).
2 bn n nh ca cc c cu chnh phi c kim tra tha ng.
cch chia lc thit k cho din tch hnh chiu ca khng vt qu 0,8
F
o , trong
F
o l ng sut chy (gii hn chy) ca vt liu . i vi cc loi vt liu khc,
ng sut cho php do ng kim quy nh.
4 Vic b tr cc thit b v c nh phi sao cho cc bu lng c ren khng chu lc nn,
lc ko ln nht trong phn cc bu lng khng chu lc nn khng c vt qu
125
K

(N/mm
2
), trong K l h s vt liu, nh quy nh -1.
1 Cc ca
(1) p lc thit k bn ngoi Pe (kN/m
2
) c ly tnh ton kch thc ca cc c cu
chnh, cc thit b v c nh ca phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc
sau:
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

617
P
e
=2,75C
H
(0,22 +0,15 tano) (0,4 V sin| +0,6 L )
2

Trong :
C
H
=0,0125L i vi tu c L < 80 m
C
H
=1,0 i vi tu c L > 80 m
V : Tc ca tu (Hi l/gi), nh quy nh 1.2.22, Phn 1A.
L : Chiu di tu (m), nh quy nh 1.2.20, Phn 1A.
o : Gc m ti im ang xt ()
| : Gc ng ti im ang xt ().
(2) Ngoi lc thit k F
x
, F
y
v F
z
(kN) c ly khi tnh ton kch thc cc thit b v
c nh ca phi khng nh hn:
F
x
=P
e
A
x

F
y
=P
e
A
y

F
z
= P
e
A
z

Trong :
A
x
: Din tch (m
2
) hnh chiu ng theo phng ngang tu ca ca gia cao
t y ca n mn chn sng boong trn hoc gia y ca v nh ca,
bao gm c mn chn sng nu n l mt phn ca ca, chn tr s no nh
hn. Nu gc loe ca mn chn sng nh hn gc loe ca tm v lin k ti
thiu l 15
o
th chiu cao t y ca c th o n boong trn hoc n nh
ca, chn tr s no nh hn. Khi xc nh chiu cao t y ca n boong
trn hoc n nh ca, c b qua mn chn sng.
A
y
: Din tch (m
2
) hnh chiu ng theo phng dc tu ca ca gia cao t
y ca n mn chn sng boong trn hoc t y ca n nh ca, bao
gm c mn chn sng nu n l mt phn ca ca, chn tr s nh hn. Nu
gc loe ca mn chn sng nh hn gc loe ca tm v lin k ti thiu l 15
o

th chiu cao t y ca c th o n boong trn hoc n nh ca, chn tr
s no nh hn. Khi xc nh chiu cao t y ca n boong trn hoc n
nh ca, c b qua mn chn sng.
A
z
: Din tch (m
2
) hnh chiu nm ca ca gia cao t y ca n mn chn
sng boong trn hoc t y ca n nh ca, bao gm c mn chn sng
nu n l mt phn ca ca, chn tr s nh hn. Nu gc loe ca mn chn
sng nh hn gc loe ca tm v lin k ti thiu l 15
o
th chiu cao t y
ca c th o n boong trn hoc n nh ca, chn tr s no nh hn.
Khi xc nh chiu cao t y ca n boong trn hoc n nh ca, c
b qua mn chn sng.
P
e
: p lc bn ngoi (kN/m
2
) nu (1) vi gc o v | c xc nh nh sau:
o : Gc m o ti v bao cao bng
1
h
2
bn trn y ca v ti
l
2
pha sau
giao im ca ca vi sng mi
| : Gc ng o cao bng
1
h
2
ti v bao, bn trn y ca v ti
l
2
pha sau
giao im ca ca vi sng mi.
h
1
: Chiu cao ca (m) tnh t y ca n boong trn hoc t y ca n nh
ca, chn tr s nh hn
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

618
l : Chiu di ca (m) o cao bng
1
h
2
bn trn y ca
(w : Chiu rng ca (m) o cao bng
1
h
2
bn trn y ca).
i vi cc ca, k c mn chn sng, c dng khng bnh thng hoc cn i, v
d cc tu c mi trn v gc sng mi rng, th din tch v gc dng xc nh tr
s ngoi lc thit k phi c xem xt c bit.
(3) i vi cc ca chn, m men ng ca M
y
di tc dng ca ngoi lc (kNm) c
ly nh sau:
M
y
=F
x
a +10Wc - F
z
b
Trong :
W : Khi lng ca chn, tn
a : Khong cch thng ng (m) t tr ca n tm din tch hnh chiu ng
theo phng ngang tu ca ca chn, xem Hnh 2B/19.1.
b : Khong cch nm ngang (m) t tr ca n tm din tch hnh chiu ng
ca ca chn, xem Hnh 2B/19.1.
c : Khong cch nm ngang (m) t tr ca n trng tm ca khi lng ca
chn, xem Hnh 2B/19.1.
(4) Ngoi ra tay n nng ca chn v thit b c o theo lc tnh v ng tc dng
trong khi nng v h ca, vi p lc gi ti thiu c ly bng 1,5 kN/m
2
.

b
F
z

A

A

A

F
x

c
Tm quay
Tng lc dc tc
ng v pha trc
ng mi tu
Hnh chiu cnh
Hnh chiu bng
Hnh chiu ng
a
W
Z
C
L
nh ca MCS boong
trn hoc nh ca
Cnh di ca tm chn
C
L
nh ca MCS boong
trn hoc nh ca
X
Hnh 2B/19.1 Ca kiu tm chn
(Bn l pha trn)
d

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

619
2 Ca trong
(1) p lc ngoi thit k P
e
(kN/m
2
) dng tnh ton kch thc cc c cu chnh, thit b
, chn v kt cu bao quanh ca trong phi c ly l tr s ln hn trong cc tr
s sau:
P
e
=0,45L
p sut thy tnh: P
h
=10h
2

Trong :
h
2
: Khong cch (m) t im t ti n nh ca khng gian cha hng.
L : Chiu di tu, nh quy nh -1 (1).
(2) p lc bn trong thit k P
b
(kN/m
2
) dng tnh ton kch thc cc thit b ca ca
trong khng c nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau:
P
b
=25
19.3.5 Kch thc cc ca
1 Quy nh chung
(1) bn ca ca phi tng ng vi bn ca kt cu thn tu chung quanh ca.
(2) Lin kt gia n nng vi ca v vi kt cu thn tu phi bn m bo vic
ng m ca bnh thng.
2 Tm ca
Chiu dy ca tm ca phi khng nh hn tr s quy nh cho tm v mn tu hoc tm
v mn thng tng v tr c tnh, vi khong cch np ly bng khong sn v
trong mi trng hp khng c nh hn chiu dy ti thiu ca v tu.
3 Cc np ph
(1) Cc np ph ca ca phi c bi cc c cu chnh to nn cng ch yu
ca ca.
(2) M un chng un tit din ca np ca phi khng nh hn tr s quy nh cho sn
v tr tnh ton, vi khong cch np ly bng khong sn, trong trng hp ny,
phi xt n s khc nhau ca lin kt gia sn v np.
(3) Din tch tit din bn thnh ca np phi khng nh hn tr s:
QK
A
10
= cm
2

Trong :
Q : Lc ct (kN) np, c xc nh t p sut phn b u bn ngoi P
e
quy
nh 19.3.4-1(1).
K : H s ph thuc vo vt liu, quy nh 19.3.3-1.
4 C cu chnh
(1) Cc c cu chnh ca ca v kt cu thn tu trong vng t ca phi c cng
(2) Kch thc ca cc c cu chnh, ni chung c xc nh bng tnh ton trc tip,
tng ng vi p lc thit k bn ngoi nu 19.3.4-1(1) v ng sut cho php nu
19.3.3-1. Thng thng c th dng cng thc ca l thuyt dm n gin xc
nh ng sut php. Cc kt cu xem nh c lin kt cc mt c n gin.
19.3.6 Kch thc ca trong
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

620
1 Quy nh chung
(1) bn ca ca trong phi tng ng vi kt cu thn tu xung quanh ca;
(2) Chiu dy ca tm ca trong phi khng nh hn tr s yu cu cho tn vch
chng va;
(3) M un chng un tit din ca np ca trong phi khng nh hn tr s yu cu i
vi np ca vch chng va;
(4) Kch thc cc c cu chnh, ni chung c xc nh bng tnh ton trc tip tng
ng vi p lc thit k bn ngoi nu 19.3.4-2(1) v ng sut cho php nu
19.3.3-1. Thng thng c th dng cng thc ca l thuyt dm n gin tnh;
(5) Np ca ca trong phi c bi cc sng;
(6) Nu ca trong cn c dng lm cu xe, th kch thc ca ca phi khng nh hn
kch thc quy nh cho boong ch xe;
(7) S phn b ca lc tc ng ln thit b v chn, ni chung c xc nh bng
tnh ton trc tip c k n tnh do ca c cu, v tr thc v cng ca c cu
.
19.3.7 Thit b v c nh ca ca
1 Quy nh chung
(1) Cc ca phi c c nh bng mt phng tin c nh v chn thch hp sao cho
tng ng vi bn v cng ca kt cu xung quanh;
(2) Cc kt cu ca thn tu trong vng t ca phi chu cng ti trng v ng sut
thit k nh cc thit b v chn ca;
(3) Nu c yu cu m kn, th vt liu m kn phi thuc loi tng i mm v lc
ch do kt cu thp chu. Cc kiu m kn khc c th c xem xt;
(4) Khe h tiu chun ln nht gia cc thit b v c nh khng c vt qu 3
mm;
(5) Phi t mt thit b kha c kh ca v ca trong v tr m;
(6) Ch cc thit b v c nh c cng hu hiu theo hng thch hp mi c
tnh n v xem xt tnh ton phn lc tc dng ln thit b. Cc thit b nh
v/hoc mm nh nhng ci nm, dng nn cc b ca vt liu m kn khng
cn k n trong tnh ton nu -2(5);
(7) S lng cc thit b v chn nn ly ti thiu khi a vo tnh ton. Cc yu cu
i vi lng d nu -2(6), -2(7) v khong trng c th c truyn y lc vo
kt cu thn tu. V nguyn tc cc thit b v chn phi t cch nhau khng qu
2,5 m v cng gn cc gc ca cng tt;
(8) Ni chung, m cc ca chn ra pha ngoi, phi b tr cc cht ca sao cho ca
chn t ng c di tc dng ca ti trng bn ngoi, ngha l M
y
>0. Ngoi ra,
m men ng M
y
tnh theo 19.3.4-1(3) phi khng nh hn tr s M
yo
tnh theo cng
thc sau y:
2 2 2 2
yo x z
M 10Wc 0,1 a b F F = + + + kN.m
Trong : W, a, b, c, F
x
v F
z
: Nh quy nh 19.3.4-1.
2 Kch thc
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621
(2) i vi cc ca chn, phn lc tc dng ln cc thit b v chn hu hiu, khi gi
thit ca l mt vt th rn, c xc nh theo t hp sau y ca ti trng bn ngoi
tc dng ng thi cng t trng ca ca :
(a) Trng hp 1 : F
x
v F
z

(b) Trng hp 2 : 0,7 F
y
tc dng ln mi mt ring bit cng vi 0,7 F
x
v 0,7 F
z
.
Trong : F
x
, F
y
v F
z
c xc nh nh quy nh 19.3.4-1(2) v tc dng ln
tm ca din tch hnh chiu.
(3) i vi cc ca m ra mn, phn lc tc dng ln cc thit b v chn hu hiu,
khi gi thit ca l mt vt th rn, c xc nh theo t hp sau y ca ti trng
bn ngoi tc dng ng thi vi t trng ca ca:
(a) Trng hp 1 : F
x
, F
y
v F
z
tc dng ln c hai mt ca.
(b) Trng hp 2 : 0,7 F
x
v 0,7 F
y
tc dng ln c hai mt ca v 0,7 F
y
tc dng
ln tng mt ca ring bit.
Trong : F
x
, F
y
v F
z
c xc nh nh quy nh 19.3.4-1 (2) v t tm ca
din tch hnh chiu.
(4) Lc c xc nh ph hp vi (2) (a) v (3) (a) thng thng c th gy ra m
men bng 0 ly i vi trc ngang i qua tm din tch A
x
. i vi ca chn, phn lc
dc trc ca tr v/hoc nm ca to thnh m men ny khng c hng v
pha trc.
(5) S phn b phn lc tc dng ln thit b v chn c th c xc nh bng tnh
ton trc tip, c tnh n n hi ca kt cu thn tu, v tr thc v cng ca
c cu ;
(6) Vic thit k cc thit b v chn trong vng ca cc thit b chn ny phi c
bn d sao cho thm ch bt k mt thit b hoc chn no b hng th cc thit
b cn li vn c th chu c phn lc gy ra ng sut khng vt qu 20% ng
(7) i vi ca chn, phi t hai thit b chn phn di ca, mi thit b phi c kh
nng chu ng c ton b phn lc theo yu cu ngn nga vic t m trong
gii hn ng sut cho php nu 19.3.3-1(1). M men m M
0
(kNm) c cn bng
bi phn lc ny, phi khng nh hn:
M
0
=10Wd +5 A
x
a
Trong :
d : Khong cch thng ng t trc bn l n tm ca, m
W,A
X
, a : Khong cch thng ng nh quy nh 19.3.4-1(3).
(8) i vi ca chn, cc thit b v chn, ngoi tr bn l, phi c kh nng chu
ng c lc thit k theo phng ng bng F
z
=10W (kN) trong gii hn ng
(9) Tt c cc thnh phn truyn ti trng trong ng ti trng thit k, t ca qua cc
thit b vo kt cu thn tu, k c lin kt hn phi c cng bn nh quy nh i
vi cc thit b v chn.
(10) i vi cc ca m mn, phi t chn trong vng mt cc sng ti hai mc m
ca ngn nga tm ca ny dch chuyn v pha trc tm kia di tc dng ca
p lc khng i xng (Xem Hnh 2B/19.2), mi phn ca chn phi c gi c
nh trn mt phn khc bng thit b .
(11) Ngoi quy nh (10), vic b tr bt k mt thit b no khc nhm cng tha mn
mc ch ny u c th c chp nhn.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

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Hnh 2B/19.2 V d v chn
19.3.8 Thit b chn v kho
1 H thng iu khin
(1) Thit b chn phi n gin d iu khin v tip cn;
(2) Thit b chn phi c kha c kh (loi t kha hoc loi c b tr ring bit) hoc
kiu trng lc;
(3) H thng ng v m cng nh thit b chn v kha phi c kha t bn trong,
theo cch chng ch c th hot ng c theo hnh trnh ph hp;
(4) Cc ca v ca trong dn ti boong ch xe phi lp thit b iu khin t xa, t v
tr nm trn boong mn kh, :
(a) Kha v m ca, v
(b) H tr thit b chn v kha cho tng ca.
(5) Ch bo v tr m hoc ng ca tng ca, tng thit b chn v cc kha phi t thit
b t xa, ti trm. Bng iu khin iu khin cc ca phi kh tip cn khng
cho php mi ngi n gn. Phi c mt bng ghi ch ch bo r rng tt c cc thit
b chn phi b sung bng n hiu ch bo;
(6) Nu s dng thit b chn thy lc, th h thng phi c kha c kh ti v tr ng. C
ngha l, d b mt du thy lc, th thit b chn vn c kha li. H thng thy lc
dng cho thit b chn v kha phi c tch ri khi nhng mch thy lc khc khi
v tr ng.
2 H thng ch bo/kim sot
(1) Phi t n ch bo ring bit v tn hiu m thanh lu li v bng iu khin
ch r rng ca v ca trong c ng, cc thit b chn v kha ca v tr ph
hp. Phi t bng ch bo c n mang chc nng quan st. n c th t ngt nh
sng ch bo.
(2) H thng ch bo phi c thit k theo nguyn l an ton khi h hng v c ch
bo bng tn hiu nhn thy nu ca khng c ng kn v kha ht, v bng tn
hiu m thanh nu thit b chn b h v thit b kha tr ln khng an ton. Ngun
in dng cho h thng ch bo phi c lp vi ngun in dng cho vic iu khin
v m ca. Thit b bo ca h thng ch bo phi c bo v kn nc, bng ph
v trnh c h hng c kh.
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(3) Bng ch bo trn lu li phi c mt bng ph ghi r " cng/i bin", nh vy tn
hiu m thanh s pht ra nu tu ri cng vi mt ca hoc ca trong khng ng kn
v c mt thit b chn no khng kht hoc khng ng v tr;
(4) Phi b tr mt h thng pht hin r r nc c tn hiu m thanh v mn hnh gim
st ch bo cho lu li v cho bung iu khin my t mng r r ca trong;
(5) Gia ca v ca trong phi t mt h thng mn hnh gim st c b phn quan st
lu li v bung iu khin my. H thng ny phi gim st c v tr cc ca v
ton b thit b chn ca. Cn phi xem xt c bit i vi vic chiu sng v mu
sc tng phn ca cc vt th cn quan st;
(6) Phi b tr mt h thng tiu thot nc vng gia ca v cu xe, cng nh vng
gia cu xe v ca trong nu c. H thng ny phi c tn hiu m thanh bo cho
lu li khi mc nc trong vng vt qu 0,5 m trn mc boong ch xe.
1 Cc gc l khot t ca phi c ln u v phi gia cng tn v bng tm dy hn
hoc t tm kp xung quanh l khot;
2 Nu sn b ct l khot t ca th phi t sn khe c hai bn l khot v t x
ngang d thch hp pha trn l khot.
19.3.10 Hng dn iu khin v bo dng
1 Trn tu phi c mt bn hng dn iu khin v bo dng ca c ng kim
duyt, bn hng dn bao gm nhng thng tin sau:
(1) Nhng c im chnh v cc bn v thit k:
(a) Phng nga an ton c bit
(b) Cc chi tit ca tu, cp tu, cc giy chng nhn theo cng c quc t
(c) Thit b v ti trng thit k (i vi cu xe)
(d) S nguyn l ca thit b (cc ca, ca mi bn trong v cu xe)
(e) Khuyn ngh ca nh ch to khi th i vi thit b
(f) M t thit b:
i) Cc ca
ii) Ca mi bn trong
iii) Cu xe mi
iv) Hp in trung tm
v) Bng iu khin lu li
vi) Bng iu khin bung kim sot my.
(2) Cc trng thi khai thc:
(a) Gii hn nghing v chi ca tu khi xp/d hng
(b) Gii hn nghing v chi ca i vi cc thao tc ca/ca mi bn trong
(c) Ch dn thao tc ca/ca mi bn trong/cu xe
(d) Ch dn thao tc khn cp ca/ca mi bn trong/cu xe.
(3) Bo dng:
(a) Thi hn v phm vi vng bo dng
(b) Loi b hng hc v khe h chp nhn
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624
(c) Quy trnh bo dng ca nh ch to.
(4) Nht k ghi chp kim tra, bao gm kim tra kho ca, cc thit b v xit cht, vic
sa cha v thay mi.
2 Nhng ti liu quy nh trnh t ng v xit cht ca, ca trong phi c gi trn
tu ti v tr thch hp.
19.4 Ca mn v ca ui tu
19.4.1 Phm vi p dng
Mc ny a ra cc yu cu v vic b tr, bn v c nh ca mn tu sau vch chng
va v ca ui tu dn n khng gian kn.
19.4.2 B tr ca mn v ca ui tu.
1 Cc ca mn v ca ui phi m bo kn nc.
2 Nu mp di ca bt k l khot no t ca thp hn boong mn kh th ca phi
m bo kn nc.
3 Ngoi quy nh -2 nu trn, mp di ca bt k l khot t ca no khng c t
thp hn ng k song song vi boong mn kh ti mn, m im thp nht ca n ti
thiu phi trn mp trn ca ng nc phn khoang su nht quy nh Phn 9 ca
Quy chun 230 mm, tr khi c trang b b sung m bo tnh kn nc, ph hp vi
yu cu t (1) n (4) di y:
(1) Mt ca th hai c bn v tnh kn nc tng ng c t trong ca kn
nc;
(2) Mt thit b pht hin r r c t trong khoang gia hai ca;
(3) Vic thot nc ca khoang ny n rnh hng c kim sot bng van chn c th
tip cn d dng;
(4) Ca ngoi phi m ra pha ngoi.
4 S lng cc l khot t ca phi l ti thiu ph hp vi thit k v hot ng ca tu.
5 V nguyn tc, cc ca phi m ra pha ngoi.
19.4.3 Tiu chun bn
1 Kch thc ca cc c cu chnh, thit b v xit cht ca ra vo phi c xc nh
chu c ti trng thit k quy nh 19.4.4, s dng ng xut cho php sau y:
ng sut tip:
80
K
t = N/mm
2

ng sut php:
120
K
o = N/mm
2

ng sut tng ng:
2 2
e
150
3
K
o = o + t = N/mm
2

Trong :
K : H s c ly tu thuc vo loi vt liu.
K =1,00 i vi thp thng, i vi thp c bn cao - K ly theo quy nh 1.3.1-
2(1).
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

625
2 bn n nh ca cc c cu chnh phi c kim tra tha ng.
cch chia lc thit k cho din tch hnh chiu khng vt qu 0
y
o , trong
y
o l
ng sut chy (gii hn chy) ca vt liu . i vi cc vt liu khc, p lc cho
php trn do ng kim quy nh.
4 Vic b tr cc thit b v c nh phi sao cho cc bulng c ren khng chu lc nn,
lc ko ln nht. Lc ko ln nht trong cc bu lng khng chu lc nn khng c vt
qu:
125
K
N/mm
2
, trong K l h s vt liu, nh quy nh -1.
Ti trng thit k ca cc c cu chnh, thit b v c nh khng c nh hn tr s
trong Bng 2B/19.2
Bng 2B/19.2 Ti trng thit k
F
e
(kN)
(Lc bn ngoi)
F
i
(kN)
(Lc bn trong)
Ca m pha trong AP
e
+F
p
F
o
+10W Thit b
v c nh
Ca m pha ngoi AP
e
F
o
+10W+F
p

C cu chnh(1) AP
e
F
o
+10W
Ch thch:
(1) : Ti trng thit k i vi c cu chnh l F
e
hoc F
i
, ly gi tr no ln hn
A : Din tch l khot t ca, m
2

W : Trng lng ca, tn
F
p
: Lc kp ton b trn vt liu m kn ca, kN, p lc tc dng ln chiu di vt liu
m kn thng thng khng c nh hn 5 N/mm
F
o
: Ly gi tr no ln hn ca F
c
v 5A (kN)
F
c
: Lc s c, kN, do hng ha lng lo v.v..., phn b ng u trn din tch A v khng
c nh hn 300 kN. Nu din tch cc ca nh hn 30 m
2
th tr s ca F
c
c th
gim xung 10A (kN). Tuy nhin, tr s F
c
c th ly bng 0, vi iu kin l t kt cu
b sung nh ca t c kh nng bo v ca khi lc s c do hng ha lng lo.
P
e
: p lc thit k bn ngoi, kN/mm
2
, xc nh ti trng tm l khot t ca v khng
c nh hn tr s xc nh theo Bng 2B/19.3
Bng 2B/19.3 p lc thit k bn ngoi
Chiu cao tm din tch ca, m Pe (kN/m
2
)
ZG<d 10(d-ZG) +25
ZG
>
d 25
Ch thch:
i vi ca ui ca tu c c nh nh ca mi th P
e
khng c nh hn tr s sau:
P
e
=0,6 C
H
(0,8+0,6
2
L)
ZG : Chiu cao tm din tch ca (m) trn ng c bn
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

626
C
H
: H s ly nh sau:
C
H
=0,0125L - i vi tu c L <80m
CH =1 - i vi tu c L >80m
19.4.5 Kch thc ca
1 Quy nh chung
(1) bn ca ca phi tng ng vi bn ca kt cu xung quanh ca.
(2) Cc ca phi c gia cng thch ng v phi c bin php ngn nga ca dch
chuyn ngang hoc dch chuyn thng ng khi ng ca.
(3) Mi lin kt cc bn l v n nng ca ca vi kt cu thn tu phi m bo
bn.
(4) Nu ca c dng nh cu xe t th khi thit k cht bn l cn phi tnh n gc
nghing v chi do ti trng khng u tc dng ln cht bn l.
2 Chiu dy tm ca
(1) Chiu dy tm ca khng c nh hn chiu dy ca tm v mn hoc chiu dy
thng tng quy nh, vi khong cch np c ly bng khong sn. Chiu
dy ca ui khng chu va p trc tip ca sng do cu xe t t bn ngoi ca
ui c th gim 20% chiu dy yu cu nu trn.
(2) Ngoi nhng quy nh ca (1), chiu dy tm ca khng c nh hn chiu dy yu
cu ti thiu ca tn v.
(3) Nu ca c dng lm cu xe t th chiu dy tm ca khng c nh hn chiu
dy yu cu i vi boong ch t.
3 Np ph
(1) Cc np ph phi c bi cc c cu chnh to nn cng ch yu ca ca.
(2) M un chng un tit din ca np ng v np ngang ca khng c nh hn tr
s quy nh i vi sn v tr tnh ton vi khong cch np bng khong sn.
Trong trng hp ny, nu cn thit phi xt n s khc nhau ca lin kt gia
sn v np.
(3) Nu ca c dng lm cu xe t th kch thc ca np khng c nh hn kch
thc np yu cu i vi boong ch t.
4 C cu chnh.
(1) Kch thc cc c cu chnh ca ca ni chung c xc nh bng tnh ton bn
trc tip, tng ng vi ti trng thit k nu 19.4.4 v ng sut cho php nu
19.4.3-1. Thng thng, c th dng cng thc l thuyt dm n gin tnh ng
sut php. Cc kt cu c xem nh c n gin ti cc lin kt mt.
(2) Bn thnh ca c cu chnh phi c gia cng cng theo hng vung gc vi
tn v.
(3) C cu chnh ca ca v kt cu thn tu trong vng t ca phi c cng
(4) Cc mt np v c cu chnh ca ca mn phi cng khng b vn v m men
qun tnh tit din khng c nh hn tr s xc nh theo cng thc sau:
I =8 d
4
F
p
cm
4

Trong :
d : Khong cch gia hai thit b chn, m
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

627
F
p
: Lc kp ton b trn vt liu m kn ca, kN, p lc tc dng ln chiu di
vt liu m kn thng thng khng c nh hn 5 N/mm
(5) M men qun tnh tit din ca c cu vnh ca cc c cu chnh gia hai thit b
chn phi c tng t l vi lc kp.
19.4.6 Thit b c nh v ca
1 Quy nh chung.
(1) Ca phi c lp phng tin c nh v thch hp sao cho tng ng vi bn
v cng ca kt cu xung quanh.
(2) Cc kt cu ca thn tu trong vng t ca phi chu ti trng v ng sut thit k
nh cc thit b v chn ca.
(3) Nu c yu cu m kn th vt liu m kn phi thuc loi tng i mm, v lc
ch do kt cu thp chu. Cc kiu m kn kiu khc c th c ng kim xem xt
chp nhn.
(4) Khe h thit k ln nht gia cc thit b v c nh khng c vt qu 3 mm
(5) Phi t mt thit b c nh c kh ca khi ca trng thi m.
(6) Ch c cc thit b c nh v c cng hu hiu theo hng thch hp mi c
k n v xem xt tnh ton phn lc tc dng ln thit b. Cc thit b nh v/hoc
mm nh nhng ci nm dng nn cc b ca vt liu m kn khng cn k n
trong tnh ton nu -2.(2) di y.
(7) S lng thit b c nh v nn ly ti thiu a vo tnh ton. Cc yu cu i
vi lng d nu -2(3) v khong trng c th c truyn y lc vo kt cu
thn tu. V nguyn tc, cc thit b v c nh phi t cch nhau khng qu 2,5
mt v gn vi gc ca.
2 Kch thc ca.
(2) S phn b cc phn lc tc dng ln thit b c nh v c th c xc nh
bng phng php tnh ton trc tip c xt n tnh do ca kt cu thn tu v v tr
thc ca .
(3) Vic b tr thit b c nh v trong vng ca cc thit b c nh phi c thit k
c bn d sao cho thm ch khi bt k mt thit b hoc c nh no b h hng
th cc thit b cn li vn c th chu ng c phn lc khng vt qu 20% ng
sut cho php nu 19.4.3-1.
(4) Tt c cc thnh phn truyn ti trng trong ng ti trng thit k, t ca qua thit
b c nh v vo kt cu thn tu, k c lin kt hn, phi c cng bn nh quy
nh i vi thit b c nh v .
19.4.7 Thit b c nh v kha
1 H thng iu khin
(1) Thit b c nh phi n gin d iu kin v tip cn.
(2) Thit b c nh phi c kha c kh (loi t kha hoc loi c b tr ring bit),
hoc kiu trng lc.
(3) H thng ng v m cng nh thit b c nh v kha phi l kha lin ng, theo
cch chng ch c th hot ng theo hnh trnh ph hp.
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628
(4) Ca c t mt phn hoc ton b di boong mn kh c din tch l khot ln
hn 6 m
2
phi c thit b iu khin t xa v tr trn boong mn kh, :
a- ng v m ca,
b- H tr thit b c nh v kha.
(5) i vi ca c t thit b iu khin t xa th vic ch bo v tr ng/m ca ca v
thit b c nh v kha phi c t trm iu kin t xa. Bng iu khin iu
khin cc ca phi kh tip cn khng cho php mi ngi n gn. Phi c bng
ghi ch a ra quy nh ch bo rng tt c thit b c nh phi c ng v kha
trc khi tu ri cng. Bng ghi ch ny phi c t ti mi bng iu khin v
phi c b sung bng n hiu ch bo.
(6) Nu c trang b thit b c nh thy lc th h thng ny phi c kha c kh ti ng
v tr ng. C ngha l d b mt du thy lc th thit b c nh vn c kha li.
H thng thy lc dng cho thit b c nh v kha li phi c tch ri khi mch
thy lc khc khi v tr ng.
2 H thng ch bo/ kim sot.
(1) Cc yu cu sau y c p dng i vi ca vng bin ca khoang loi c bit
hoc khoang Ro-Ro m cc khoang ny c th b ngp nc. i vi cc tu hng,
nu khng c phn no ca ca nm di ng nc ch hng cao nht v din
tch l khot t ca khng ln hn 6 m
2
, th cc yu cu ca mc ny khng cn p
dng.
(2) Phi t n ch bo ring bit v tn hiu m thanh lu li v mi bng iu khin
ch ra rng ca c ng v thit b c nh, kha v tr ph hp. Phi t chc
nng th n bng ch bo. Chc nng ny phi khng c kh nng lm tt n ch
bo.
(3) H thng ch bo phi c thit k theo nguyn l an ton khi h hng v c ch
bo bng tn hiu nhn thy nu ca khng c ng kn v kha ht, v bng tn
hiu m thanh nu thit b c nh b h hoc thit b kha khng c an ton.
Ngun in dng cho h thng ch bo phi c lp vi ngun in dng cho vic iu
khin v m ca v phi c ngun in h tr. Thit b bo ca h thng ch bo phi
c bo v kn nc, bng ph v trnh c h hng c kh.
(4) Bng ch bo trn lu li phi c chc nng la chn trng thi " cng/ i bin" c tn
hiu m thanh pht ra nu khi tu ri cng m ca ui tu hoc ca mn khng ng
kn hoc c bt k thit b no khng ng ng v tr.
(5) i vi tu khch, phi b tr h thng pht hin r r nc bng s gim st v tuyn
v tn hiu m thanh c ch bo trn lu li v trong bung iu khin my i vi bt
k r r no ca ca.
(6) i vi tu hng, phi b tr h thng pht hin r r nc bng h thng tn hiu m
thanh c ch bo trn lu li i vi bt k s r r no ca ca.
1 Cc gc ca l khot t ca tn bao phi c ln u v phi c gia cng bng
cch tng chiu dy tm hoc t tm m xung quanh l khot.
2 Nu sn b ct ti l khot t ca th phi t sn khe c hai bn l khot v t x
thch hp trn l khot.
19.4.9 Hng dn bo dng v iu khin
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1 Trn tu phi c mt bn hng dn iu khin v bo dng ca c ng kim
duyt, bng hng dn bao gm nhng thng tin cn thit sau:
(1) Nhng c im chnh v cc bn v thit k.
(a) Cc khuyn co an ton c bit;
(b) Cc chi tit ca tu, cp tu, cc giy chng nhn theo cng c quc t
(c) Thit b v ti trng thit k (i vi cu xe)
(d) S nguyn l ca thit b (cc ca, ca mi bn trong v cu xe)
(e) Khuyn ngh ca nh ch to khi th i vi thit b
(f) M t thit b:
i) Cc ca mn
ii) Cc ca ui
iii) Cu xe mi
iv) Hp in trung tm
v) Bng iu khin lu li
vi) Bng iu khin bung kim sot my.
(2) Cc trng thi khai thc:
(a) Gii hn nghing v chi ca tu khi xp/d hng
(b) Gii hn nghing v chi ca i vi cc thao tc ca/ca mi bn trong
(c) Ch dn thao tc ca/ca mi bn trong/cu xe
(d) Ch dn thao tc khn cp ca/ca mi bn trong/cu xe.
(3) Bo dng:
(a) Thi hn v phm vi vng bo dng
(b) Loi b hng hc v khe h chp nhn
(c) Quy trnh bo dng ca nh ch to.
(4) Nht k ghi chp kim tra, bao gm kim tra kho ca, cc thit b v xit cht, vic
sa cha v thay mi.
2 Nhng quy nh s dng ti liu ng v c nh ca phi c lu gi trn tu ti v
tr thch hp.
19.5 Ca mn (hp l) v ca s hnh ch nht
19.5.1 Quy nh chung
1 Cc yu cu ca chng ny c p dng cho cc ca hp l v ca s hnh ch nht
v mn, thng tng v lu n tng ba nm trn boong mn kh. Cc yu cu i vi
lu, thng tng v v mn t tng ba tr ln phi c ng kim xem xt ring.
2 Khng ph thuc vo -1 ni trn, cc ca s lu n tng ba nm trn boong mn kh
c th c ng kim xem l thch hp min l cc ca s khng lm suy gim tnh
kn nc ca tu v c xem l cn thit cho hot ng ca tu nh cc ca s ca lu
li.
19.5.2 Cc quy nh chung v v tr cc ca hp l
1 Khng c t ca hp l v tr m ngng ca ca nm pha di ng k song
song vi boong mn kh mn v c im thp nht bng 2,5% chiu rng tu (B) nh
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630
ngha Phn 9 - ca Quy chun hoc 500 mm, ly tr s no ln hn, nm trn ng
nc phn khoang su nht (nh ngha Phn 9 - Phn khoang). Tt c cc ca hup l
c ngng nm di boong mn kh v l ca kiu bn l phi c thit b kho.
2 Khng c t ca hp l nhng khng gian ch dng ch hng ho.
3 Np thp (np chng bo) ca ca hp l, nu c ng kim chp thun c th l np
tho lp c, vi iu kin l nhng ca tho mn cc quy nh t (1) n (4) di
y:
(1) Khng yu cu phi t ca hp l cp A hoc cp B;
(2) Cc ca hp l t pha sau 1/8 chiu di phn khoang (L
s
) nh ngha Phn 9;
(3) Cc ca hp l t pha trn ng song song vi boong vch ti mn v c im
thp nht ti cao bng 3,7 m cng 2,5% chiu rng tu (B) nh ngha Phn 9,
pha trn ng nc phn khoang su nht (nh ngha Phn 9);
(4) Cc np thp di chuyn c phi gn lin vi cc ca hp l m n p ng.
4 Khng c t cc ca mn thong (t thng gi) vng tn v nm di boong mn
kh.
19.5.3 Yu cu ca cc ca hp l
1 Ca hp l trn tu phi l ca hp l cp A, cp B v cp C tho mn cc quy nh ca
Chng 7, Phn 7 hoc cc quy nh tng ng.
2 Ca hp l cp A, cp B v cp C phi c b tr sao cho p lc thit k ca ca nh
hn p lc cho php ln nht c xc nh theo loi v ng knh thng thng (xem
19.5.5)
3 Ca hp l ca khng gian di boong mn kh v cc ca hp l b tr trn boong ui
dng cao thp hn tiu chun phi l ca hp l cp A hoc cp B hoc tng ng.
4 Ca hp l ca khng gian trong phm vi tng th nht ca mn tu hoc thng tng,
ca hp l b tr tng th nht ca lu trn boong mn kh c l khot khng c bo
v dn n cc khng gian bn trong nm di trong boong mn kh hoc cc lu c
xt n tnh ni trong tnh ton n nh, hoc ca hp l chu tc dng trc tip va p ca
sng bin phi l ca hp l cp A hoc cp B hoc tng ng.
5 Nu mt l khot boong thng tng hoc nc ca lu trn boong mn kh c hnh
lang dn n khng gian di boong mn kh hoc ti khng gian trong phm vi ca
thng tng kn, c bo v bng lu hoc hnh lang th cc ca hp l lp t trong
khng gian ny dn n cu thang h phi l ca cp A, cp B hoc tng ng. Nu
vch ngang hoc ca cabin tch ca hp l ra khi hnh lang trc tip dn ti pha di
boong mn kh, th khi b tr ca hp l phi c ng kim chp thun.
6 Ca hp l ca khng gian trong tng th hai trn boong mn kh c xem xt tnh ni
trong tnh ton n nh phi l ca hp l cp A, cp B hoc tng ng nh vy.
7 Trn tu c mn kh gim c bit, ca hp l c t di ng nc sau khi ngp
nc vo cc khoang th phi l loi ca c nh.
19.5.4 Bo v ca hp l
Tt c cc ca hp l vng hc t neo v nhng vng tng t d b h hi phi c
li bo v chc chn.
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19.5.5 p sut thit k v p sut cho php ln nht ca ca hp l
1 p sut thit k ca ca hp l phi nh hn p sut cho php ln nht c xc nh
theo loi v ng knh thng thng ca ca (xem Bng 2B/19.4). p sut thit k P
P 10ac(0,067bL y) = kPa
Trong :
a, c v b : Quy nh 16.2.1-1
y : Khong cch thng ng t ng nc ch hng ma h n ngng
ca hp l (m). Nu c ng nc ch g, th khong cch thng ng
ny ly t ng nc ch g n ngng ca hp l.
2 Khng ph thuc vo quy nh -1 ni trn, p sut thit k khng c nh hn p sut
thit k nh nht ch ra trong bng 2B/19-5.
19.5.6 Quy nh chung v v tr ca s hnh ch nht
Khng c b tr ca s hnh ch nht nhng khng gian di boong mn kh, tng
th nht ca thng tng v tng th nht ca lu c xt n tnh ni trong tnh ton n
nh hoc cc l khot khng gian pha trong thp hn boong mn kh.
Bng 2B/19.4 p sut ln nht cho php ca ca hp l
Cp
ng knh danh ngha
(mm)
Chiu dy knh
(mm)
p sut cho php ln nht
( kPa)
200 10 328
250 12 302
300 15 328
350 15 241
A
400 19 297
200 8 210
250 8 134
300 10 146
350 12 154
400 12 118
B
450 15 146
200 6 118
250 6 75
300 8 93
350 8 68
400 10 82
C
450 10 65
Bng 2B/19.5 p sut thit k nh nht (kPa)
L s 50 m 50 m <L s 90 m
Vch trc h ca thng tng th nht 30 25 +L/10
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632
Khu vc khc 15 12,5 +L/20
19.5.7 Yu cu ca ca s hnh ch nht
1 Ca s hnh ch nht trn tu phi l ca hnh ch nht cp E, cp F tho mn vi cc
quy nh Chng 8, Phn 7B hoc cc quy nh tng ng.
2 Ca s hnh ch nht cp E, cp F phi c b tr sao cho p lc thit k ca ca nh
hn p lc cho php ln nht c xc nh theo loi v ng knh thng thng (xem
19.5.8)
3 Ca s hnh ch nht ca khng gian tng th hai trn boong mn kh c li i ti
khng gian nm trong tng th nht ca thng tng kn hoc di boong mn kh phi l
ca c nh hoc c np bo v c nh. Nu vch ngang ca bin hoc ca ra vo tch khi
khng gian trong phm vi tng th nht ca thng tng kn th vic p dng cc ca s
hnh ch nht khng gian tng th hai phi c ng kim chp nhn.
4 Ca s hnh ch nht ca khng gian tng th hai trn boong mn kh xt n tnh ni
trong tnh ton n nh phi b tr ca c nh hoc c np bo v c nh.
19.5.8 p sut thit k v p sut cho php ln nht ca ca s hnh ch nht.
1 p sut thit k ca ca s hnh ch nht khng c nh hn p lc cho php ln nht
c xc nh theo loi v ng knh thng thng ca ca (xem Bng 2B/19.6). p lc
thit k P c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
P 10ac(0,067bL y) = kPa
Trong :
a, c v b : c xc nh theo 16.2.1-1
y : Khong cch thng ng t ng nc ch hng ma h n ngng
ca s hnh ch nht (m). Nu c ng nc ch g th khong cch
thng ng ny ly t ng nc ch g n ngng ca s hnh ch
nht.
Bng 2B/19.6 p sut ln nht cho php ca ca s hnh ch nht
Cp
Kch thc danh ngha
rng (mm) x cao (mm)
Chiu dy knh
(mm)
( kPa)
300x425 10 99
355x500 10 71
400x560 12 80
450x630 12 63
500x710 15 80
560x800 15 64
900x630 19 81
E
1000x710 19 64
300x425 8 63 F
355x500 8 45
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

633
Cp
Kch thc danh ngha
rng (mm) x cao (mm)
Chiu dy knh
(mm)
( kPa)
400x560 8 36
450x630 8 28
500x710 10 36
560x710 10 28
900x630 12 32
1000x710 12 25
1100x800 15 31
2 Khng ph thuc vo quy nh -1 ni trn, p sut thit k khng c nh hn p sut
thit k nh nht ch ra trong bng 2B/19-5.
19.6 ng thng gi
19.6.1 Chiu cao ca thnh ng thng gi
Chiu cao ca thnh ng thng gi, tnh t mt trn ca boong, t nht phi bng 900 mm
vi tr I v t nht phi bng 760 mm v tr II theo quy nh 17.1.2. Nu tu c mn kh
qu ln hoc nu ng thng gi phc v khng gian trong thng tng khng kn th chiu
cao ca ng thng gi c th c gim thch ng.
19.6.2 Chiu dy ca thnh ng thng gi
1 Chiu dy ca thnh ng thng gi v tr I v v tr II dn vo khng gian di boong
mn kh hoc trong thng tng kn phi khng nh hn tr s cho dng 1 Bng
2B/19.7. Nu chiu cao ca thnh c gim theo quy nh 19.6.1 th chiu dy c th
c gim thch hp.
2 Nu ng thng gi dn qua cc thng tng khng phi l thng tng kn th chiu dy
ca thnh ng thng gi trong thng tng phi khng nh hn tr s cho dng 2 Bng
2B/19.7.
Bng 2B/19.7 Chiu dy ca thnh ng thng gi
ng knh ngoi ca
ng thng gi (mm)
>
s
70 70
100
100
130
130
160
160
190
190
Dng 1 6,3 7,1 8,0 8,8 8,8 8,8 Chiu dy ca thnh
(mm)
Dng 2 4,5 4,5 4,5 4,5 5,4 6,3
19.6.3 Lin kt
Thnh ng thng gi phi c lin kt chc chn vi boong v nu chiu cao ca thnh
ln hn 900 mm th phi c lin kt c bit.
19.6.4 u ng thng gi
u ng thng gi phi c lp kht vo thnh ng thng gi v phi c thn khng nh
hn 380 mm, nu ng thng gi c ng knh nh hn hoc bng 200 mm th thn c th
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634
nh hn.
19.6.5 Thit b ng
1 ng thng gi vo bung my v khu vc hng ha phi c thit b ng c th thao tc
c t pha ngoi ca cc khng gian khi c ha hon.
2 ng thng gi v tr l ca boong mn kh v boong thng tng phi c thit b ng
kn nc hu hiu. Nu chiu cao thnh ca bt k ng thng gi no cao hn boong mn
kh, boong ui nng v boong thng tng 0,25 L
f
mi tu 4,5 m hoc cao hn cc
boong thng tng khc 2,3 m, th c th min cc thit b ng kn , tr trng hp
yu cu -1.
19.6.6 Thng gi cho lu
Thit b thng gi cho cc lu bo v li xung cc khng gian di boong mn kh phi
tng ng vi thit b thng gi cho thng tng kn.
19.6.7 Thng gi cho bung my pht in s c
Chiu cao thnh ng thng gi cung cp gi cho bung my pht in s c, phi cao hn
mt trn ca boong, t nht l 4,5 m i vi boong mn kh, boong ui dng cao v
boong thng tng 0,25 L
f
t mi tu hoc 2,3 m i vi cc boong thng tng khc v
cc l khot thng gi khng c thit b ng kn thi tit. Tuy nhin, nu do kch thc
ca tu v vic b tr theo yu cu ny khng th thc hin c th chiu cao thnh
ming thng gi do ng kim quy nh.
19.6.8 Yu cu b sung i vi ng thng gi t trn boong mi l
1 i vi nhng tu c chiu di bng v ln hn 80 m, nh ngha Phn 2A, nu chiu
cao ca boong l cao hn ng nc ch hng thit k ln nht di 0,1 L
1
hoc 22 m,
chn tr s no nh hn, th nhng ng thng gi t trn boong l pha trc 0,25 L
1
phi bn chng li p lc ca sng bin.
2 Yu cu ny khng p dng cho h thng thng gi kt hng v h thng kh tr ca tu
du, tu ch x kh ho lng v tu ch x ho cht nguy him.
19.7 Cu boong
19.7.1 Quy nh chung
Phi c nhng phng tin tha mn (nh lan can, dy an ton, cu boong hoc li i
di boong) bo v thuyn vin khi ra vo khu vc sinh hot, bung my v cc khu
vc khc cn thit cho cng vic ca tu.
19.7.2 Tu du
1 Cc yu cu nu 19.7.2 phi c p dng cho tu ch du, tu ch x kh ha lng v
tu ch x ha cht nguy him (sau y gi tt l "Tu Du") thc hin chuyn i quc t
v c chiu di mn kh L
f
khng nh hn 24 m.
2 Tu du phi c b tr phng tin m bo cho thuyn vin c li i an ton n
mi tu ngay c khi trong iu kin thi tit xu.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

635
CHNG 20 VN SN, VN THNH, TRNG XI MNG V SN
20.1 Vn sn
20.1.1 Tu y n
1 nhng tu y n lp vn sn kn phi c t trn nhng ngang y ln n
mp trn ca cung hng.
2 Chiu dy ca lp vn sn phi khng nh hn 50 mm i vi tu c chiu di nh hn 61
mt, khng nh hn 57 mm i vi tu c chiu di t 61 mt n 76 mt, khng nh hn
63 mm i vi tu c chiu di ln hn 76 m.
3 Lp vn sn ph ln mt ngang y phi c lm thnh nhng phn tho lp c
hoc phi c t sao cho d g khi cn v sinh, sn hoc kim tra y tu.
20.1.2 Tu y i
1 nhng tu y i lp vn sn kn phi c t t sng hng n mp trn ca cung
hng, sao cho c th tho g c ngay khi cn kim tra rnh tiu nc.
2 Lp vn sn phi c t y trn, vng di ming khoang hng tr khi cc yu cu
4.7.1 c p dng.
3 Lp vn sn ph mt y i phi l nhng thanh g c chiu dy khng nh hn 13 mm,
hoc l lp ph theo yu cu 20.3.4.
4 Chiu dy ca lp vn sn ph theo yu cu -1 v -2 phi tha mn yu cu 20.1.1-2.
20.2 Vn thnh
20.2.1 Vn thnh
1 Cc khng gian hng ha dng cha hng tng hp phi c lt bng nhng vn
thnh c chiu dy khng nh hn 50 mm, c chiu rng khng nh hn 150 mm, t
cch nhau khng xa qu 230 mm pha trn ca lp vn sn, hoc phi c bin php
tng ng bo v kt cu.
2 nhng tu dng ch g, sn khoang phi c bo v c bit. Tuy nhin, nu
chc chn l tu s khng ch g cy th bin php bo v c th c thay i.
3 khoang hng ca nhng tu nh tu ch than, tu ch hng ri, tu ch qung v
nhng tu tng t, c th khng cn lp vn thnh.
4 Theo yu cu ca ch tu, c s chp thun ca ng kim, cc tu ch hng tng
hp c th khng cn c lp vn thnh, trong trng hp ny, tu c phn bit bng k
hiu n.s trong s ng k k thut tu.
20.3 Trng xi mng
20.3.1 Quy nh chung
y ca tu y n, hng ca tt c cc tu v y i trong bung ni hi ca tt c
cc tu phi c bo v hu hiu bng xi mng Portland hoc bng nhng vt liu
tng ng khc, ph ln mt tn v c cu cho n mp trn ca cung hng. Tuy
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636
nhin, y ca nhng khoang chuyn dng cha du khng cn phi bo v bng xi
mng.
20.3.2 Xi mng Portland
Xi mng Portland c ha vo nc ngt v ct hoc nhng cht thch hp theo t l
khong mt phn xi mng hai phn ct.
20.3.3 Chiu dy ca lp xi mng
Chiu dy mp ca lp xi mng phi khng nh hn 20 mm.
20.3.4 Lu c bit i vi tn nc kt
Nu c ph trc tip th tn nc kt phi c ph bng hc n chu nng v ri u bt
xi mng, hoc bng mt lp ph tng ng khc.
20.4 Sn
20.4.1 Quy nh chung
1 Tt c cc kt cu thp phi c sn bng loi sn thch hp. ng kim c th a ra
cc yu cu b sung ring ph hp vi loi tu, mc ch s dng khng gian v.v Tuy
nhin, nu c ng kim cng nhn rng cc kt cu thp ca nhng khng gian
c bo v chng n mn hiu qu bng cc phng php khc khng phi l sn hoc
do tnh cht ca hng ho v.v... th c th khng cn sn.
2 Kt cu thp trong kt d nh cha nc c th c ph bng dung dch xi mng thay
th cho sn.
3 Trc khi sn, b mt ca kt cu thp phi c lm sch hon ton, khng cn han g,
du v cc cht c hi khc. t nht l mt ngoi ca tn bao di ng nc ch
hng phi c lm sch g, lp chai st trc khi c sn.
20.4.2 Lp sn bo v trong cc kt dn chuyn dng nc bin v khng gian v mn
kp
Cc yu cu i vi nhng kt dn chuyn dng nc bin ca tt c cc loi tu c tng
dung tch bng hoc ln hn 500, thc hin chuyn i quc t, phi ph hp vi Tiu
chun c tnh k thut v lp sn ph bo v i vi cc kt dn chuyn dng nc
bin trong tt c cc loi tu v cc khng gian v mn kp ca tu ch hng ri (Tiu
chun c tnh k thut v lp sn ph bo v ca IMO/ Ngh quyt MEPC.215(82) ca
IMO v cc b sung).
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637
CHNG 21 TRANG THIT B
21.1 Thit b li
21.1.1 Bnh li
1 Phm vi p dng
(1) Nhng yu cu trong iu ny c p dng cho bnh li hp tit din lu tuyn v
hnh dng thng thng, c phn loi nh di y v cho bnh li tm n:
(a) Kiu A : Bnh li c cht trn v cht di (xem Hnh 2B /21.1.1(A))
(b) Kiu B : Bnh li c c trc li v cht di (xem Hnh 2B /21.1.1(B))
(c) Kiu C : Bnh li khng c pha di c trc li (xem Hnh 2B /21.1.1(C))
(2) Kt cu bnh li c ba cht tr ln v bnh li c hnh dng c bit hoc kiu tit din
c bit s l i tng xem xt c bit ca ng kim.
(3) Kt cu ca bnh li c thit k c gc quay tr sang mi mn ln hn 35
o
, phi
c ng kim xem xt c bit.
Phn trn trc li
Phn di trc li
Cht trn
Cht di
(A)
trc li
Phn trn trc li
Phn di trc li
c trc li
Cht di
(B)
trc li
Phn trn trc li
Phn di trc li
c trc li
(C)
trc li
Phn trn trc li
Phn trn trc li
c trc li
Ct bnh li
Xng bnh li
Bnh li tm n cht di
trc li
Hnh 2B/21.1.1 Cc dng bnh li
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

638
2 Vt liu
(1) Trc bnh li, cht li, bu lng lin kt, then, cc thanh mp v cc phn c ca bnh
li phi c lm bng thp cn, thp rn hoc thp cc bon c ph hp vi cc yu
cu quy nh Phn 7A ca Quy chun ny. Vt liu dng ch to trc li, cht li,
khp ni, then ca bnh li phi c gii hn chy khng nh hn 200 (N/mm
2
). Nhng
yu cu trong Chng ny c p dng cho vt liu c gii hn chy (ng sut chy)
bng 235 (N/mm
2
). Nu vt liu c gii hn chy khc 235 (N/mm
2
) th h s vt liu K
phi c tnh theo cng thc sau:
e
y
235
K
(
=
(
o
(

Trong :
e : 0,75 nu
y
o > 235 N/mm
2

e : 1,00 nu
y
o s 235 N/mm
2

y
o : Gii hn chy (N/mm
2
) ca vt liu s dng v khng c ly ln
hn 0,7
B
o hoc 450 N/mm
2
, ly tr s no nh hn
B
o
: bn ko ca vt liu s dng, N/mm
2
.
(2) Nu dng thp c gii hn chy ln hn 235 (N/mm
2
) th ng knh ca trc li c th
c gim, nhng phi quan tm c bit n bin dng ca trc li trnh xut hin
ng sut qu ln mp .
(3) Cc c cu hn ca bnh li nh tn bnh li, xng bnh li v ct bnh li phi
c ch to bng thp cn dng cho thn tu, ph hp vi nhng quy nh Phn
7A ca Quy chun ny.
Nu s dng thp c bn cao th kch thc yu cu c th c gim v h s vt
liu K c ly nh quy nh 1.3.1-2(1).
3 Tng ng knh ca trc li trong nhng trng hp c bit
(1) i vi tu ko, ng knh trc li phi khng nh hn 1,1 ln ng knh trc li quy
nh Chng ny.
(2) i vi cc tu hay phi b li gc ln khi chy ht tc nh tu c, th ng knh
trc li, cht li v m un chng un tit din ca ct bnh li phi khng nh hn 1,1
ln tr s yu cu Chng ny.
(3) i vi cc tu c yu cu b li nhanh th ng knh trc li phi c tng thch
ng so vi yu cu Chng ny.
4 o trc v bc trc
Cc ca trc li nm trong khong t y bnh li n ng nc ch hng thit k
ln nht phi c o trc v bc trc.
21.1.2 Lc tc dng ln bnh li
Lc F
R
tc dng ln bnh li (N) khi tu chy tin v chy li c dng lm c s xc
nh cc kch thc c cu ca bnh li. Tuy nhin, nu bnh li c b tr pha sau
chn vt m n phi chu mt lc y c bit ln, th lc F
R
phi c tng ln thch hp.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

639
F
R

= K
1
K

2
K
3
132AV
2

Trong :
A : Din tch bnh li, m
2

V : Tc ca tu (hi l/gi). Nu tc chy tin ca tu nh hn 10 hi l/gi th
V c ly bng V
min

min
V 20
V
3
+
= hi l/gi
Khi tu chy li, tc li V
a
V
a
=0,5 V hi l/gi
Tuy nhin, nu tc chy li ti a theo thit k ln hn V
a
th phi tnh theo tc
chy li ti a theo thit k.
K
1
: H s ph thuc t s hng A ca bnh li, tnh theo cng thc sau:

1
2
K
3
A +
=
Trong :
A : c tnh theo cng thc sau, nhng khng cn phi ln hn 2.

A =
2
t
h
A

Vi h : Chiu cao trung bnh ca bnh li (m), c xc nh theo trc ta
nh Hnh 2B /21.1.2.

Chiu rng trung bnh ca bnh li:
2 3 1
X X X
b
2
+
=

Chiu cao trung bnh ca bnh li:
3 4 2
Z Z Z
h
2
+
=

Hnh 2B/21.1.2 H thng ta ca bnh li
1
2
3
4
z
x
b
A
f

h
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

640
A
t
: Tng ca din tch bnh li A (m
2
) v phn din tch tr li hoc gi bnh li,
nu c, nm trong phm vi chiu cao trung bnh h ca bnh li.
K
2
: H s, ph thuc kiu prfin ca bnh li (xem Bng 2B/21.1.1).
K
3
: H s, ph thuc v tr ca bnh li theo quy nh di y:
K
3
=0,80 - vi bnh li nm ngoi dng chy sau chn vt
K
3
=1,15 - vi bnh li nm trong dng chy sau chn vt
K
3
=1,00 - vi cc trng hp khc.
Bng 2B/21.1.1 H s K
2

K
2

Kiu Prfin
Khi tu chy tin Khi tu chy li
NACA -00
Prfin li

1,10

0,80

Prfin lm

1,35

0,90

Prfin phng

1,10 0,90
21.1.3 M men xon tc dng ln trc li
1 M men xon tc dng ln trc li ca bnh li kiu B v C
M men xon T
R
tc dng ln trc li ca bnh li kiu B v C tng ng khi tu chy tin
v chy li c xc nh theo cng thc sau y:
T
R

=F
R
r N.m
Trong :
F
R
: Nh quy nh 21.1.2.
r : Khong cch t tm p lc ca bnh li n ng tm ca trc li c tnh
theo cng thc sau y:
r =b(o-e) m
Tuy nhin, khi tu chy tin tr s r phi khng nh hn tr s r
min
xc nh theo
cng thc:
r
min
= 0,1b m
Trong :
b : Chiu rng trung bnh (m) ca bnh li c xc nh theo Hnh 2B/21.1.2.

o : c ly nh sau:
- Khi tu chy tin: o =0,33
- Khi tu chy li: o =0,66
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

641
e : H s cn bng ca bnh li c tnh theo cng thc sau:
f
A
e
A
=
Trong :
A
f
: Phn din tch bnh li nm pha trc ca ng tm trc li (m
2
).
A : Nh quy nh 21.1.2.
2 M men xon tc dng ln trc li ca bnh li kiu A
M men xon T
R
tc dng ln trc li ca bnh li kiu A tng ng vi khi tu chy tin
hoc chy li c tnh theo cng thc sau:
R R1 R2
T T T = + Nm
Tuy nhin, khi tu chy tin T
R
khng c nh hn T
Rmin

1 1 2 2
Rmin R
A b A b
T 0,1F
A
+
= Nm

Hnh 2B/21.1.3 Phn chia bnh li
Trong :
T
R1
v T
R2
: M men xon tng ng do cc phn din tch A
1
v A
2
ca bnh li.
A
1
v A
2
: Din tch phn trn v phn di ca bnh li (m
2
), sao cho:
A =A
1
+A
2
(A
1
bao gm c A
1f
v A
2
bao gm c A
2f
), xem Hnh 2B/
21.1.3
b
1
v b
2
: Chiu rng trung bnh tng ng ca cc phn din tch A1 v A
2
xem
Hnh 2B/21.1.3
F
R
v A : Nh quy nh 21.1.2.
T
R1
v T
R2
: M men xon tng ng do phn din tch A
1
v A
2
ca bnh li, c
R1
T = F
R1
r
1

Nm
R2
T = F
R2
r
2
Nm
F
R1
v F
R2
: Lc tc dng ln cc phn din tch A
1
v A
2
ca bnh li, c tnh
theo cng thc sau:
F
R1
= F
R

1
A
A
N
A
1f

A
2f

A
2

A
1

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

642
F
R2
= F
R
2
A
A
N
r
1
v r
2
: Khong cch t tm ca lc tc dng tng ng vo cc phn din tch
A
1
v A
2
ca bnh li n ng tm ca trc li, c tnh theo cc
cng thc sau:
r
1

=b
1
(o - e
1
) m
r
2
=b
2
(o - e
2
) m
Trong :
e
1
v e
2
: H s cn bng ng vi phn din tch A
1
v A
2
ca bnh
li c tnh theo cng thc sau:
e
1
=
1f
1
A
A
,
2f
2
2
A
e
A
=
o : c xc nh nh sau:
- i vi phn bnh li khng nm sau phn c nh ca gi
bnh li:
Khi tu chy tin : o=0,33
Khi tu chy li : o=0,66
- i vi phn bnh li nm sau gi bnh li:
Khi tu chy tin :
o
=0,25
Khi tu chy li : o=0,55
21.1.4 Tnh ton bn h li
1 Quy nh chung
(1) H li phi c bn chu c lc F
R
v m men xon T
R
quy nh
21.1.2 v 21.1.3. xc nh kch thc c cu ca h li, phi xt n cc lc v
m men sau y:
i vi thn bnh li : M men un v lc ct
i vi trc li : M men un v m men xon
i vi cht li v trc li : Phn lc gi .
(2) M men un, lc ct v phn lc gi phi c xc nh bng phng php tnh
ton trc tip hoc bng cc phng php tng t khc c ng kim chp nhn.
21.1.5 Trc li
1 Phn trn ca trc li
ng knh phn trn ca trc li d
u
truyn m men xon phi c xc nh sao cho
ng sut xon khng ln hn 68/K
s
(N/mm
2
). ng knh phn trn ca trc li c th
R S
3
u
d 4,2 T K = mm
Trong :
T
R
: Nh quy nh 21.1.3.
K
s
: H s vt liu trc li, nh quy nh 21.1.1-2.
2 Phn di ca trc li
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

643
ng knh phn di ca trc li d
1
chu ng thi c m men un v m men xon phi
c xc nh, sao cho ng sut tng ng khng ln hn 118/K
s
(N/mm
2
).
ng sut tng ng
e
o c tnh theo cng thc sau:
2 2
e b t
3 o = o + t N/mm
2

ng sut un v ng sut xon tc dng ln phn di ca trc li c tnh theo cng
thc sau:
ng sut un:
3
b
3
t
10,2M
10
d
o N/mm
2

ng sut xon:
R 3
t
3
t
5,1T
10
d
t = N/mm
2

Trong :
M : M men un (Nm) ti tit din ang xt ca phn di ca trc li.
T
R
: Nh quy nh 21.1.3.
Nu tit din ngang ca phn di ca trc li c dng trn th ng knh d
1
ca trc li
c th c tnh theo cng thc sau:
R
2
6
1 u
4 M
d d 1
3 T
(
= +
(

mm
Trong :
d
u
: ng knh phn trn ca trc li (mm), nh quy nh 21.1.5-1.
21.1.6 Tn bnh li, xng bnh li v ct bnh li
1 Tn bnh li
Chiu dy tn bnh li t khng c nh hn tri s tnh theo cng thc sau:
R
4
p1
F .10
t 5,5S d K 2,5
A
| |
= | + +
|
|
\ .
mm
Trong :
d : Chiu chm ca tu, m
F
R
v A : Nh quy nh 21.1.2.
K
p1
: H s vt liu tn bnh li, nh quy nh 21.1.1-2.
| : c xc nh theo cng thc sau
| =
2
S
1,1 0,5
a
| |
|
\ .
tr s ln nht: 1,0
a
( 2,5)
S
>
Trong :
S : Khong cch cc xng nm hoc cc xng ng, ly gi tr nh
hn, m
a : Khong cch cc xng nm hoc cc xng ng, ly gi tr ln hn, m.
2 Xng bnh li
(1) Thn bnh li phi c gn cc xng ng v xng nm, n c tc dng nh
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

644
dm chu un.
(2) Khong cch chun ca cc xng nm phi c tnh nh sau:
a
c
=0,2
L
100
| |
|
\ .
+0,4 m
(3) Khong cch chun t xng ng to nn ct bnh li n xng ng ln cn phi
bng 1,5 ln khong cch ca cc xng nm;
(4) Chiu dy ca xng bnh li phi khng nh hn 8 mm hoc 70% chiu dy ca tn
bnh li quy nh 21.1.6-1, ly tr s no ln hn.
3 Ct bnh li
(1) Cc xng ng to nn ct ca bnh li, phi c t pha trc v sau ng
tm trc li vi khong cch gn bng chiu rng ca tit din bnh li, nu ct gm
hai xng ng, hoc ti ng tm ca trc li nu ct gm mt xng ng.
(2) M un chng un ca tit din ct bnh li c tnh theo cc xng ng quy nh
(1) cng vi phn mp km ca tn bnh li. Chiu rng mp km c ly nh sau:
(a) Nu ct gm hai xng th chiu rng mp km bng 0,2 ln chiu di ca ct.
(b) Nu ct gm mt xng th chiu rng mp km bng 0,16 ln chiu di ca ct.
(3) M un chng un ca tit din v din tch tit din bn thnh ca ct phi sao cho
ng sut un, ng sut ct v ng sut tng ng khng c ln hn cc gi tr
di y:
ng sut un (ng sut php):
b
m
110
K
o = N/mm
2

ng sut ct (ng sut tip):
m
50
K
t = N/mm
2

ng sut tng ng:
2 2
e b
m
120
3
K
o = o + t = N/mm
2

Tuy nhin, i vi bnh li kiu A m un chng un ca tit din v din tch tit
din bn thnh ca ct ti v tr b ct v c khot l phi sao cho gi tr ca ng sut
un, ng sut ct v ng sut tng ng khng c ln hn gi tr di y:
ng sut un:
b
m
75
K
o = N/mm
2

ng sut ct:
m
50
K
t = N/mm
2

ng sut tng ng:
2 2
e b
m
100
3
K
o = o + t = N/mm
2

Trong :
K
m
: H s vt liu ca ct, nh quy nh 21.1.1-2.
(4) Phn trn ca ct phi c kt cu sao cho khng b gin on.
(5) Cc l thot nc, bo dng v cc vt ct ca tn bnh li kiu A, phi c ln
trn thch ng.
4 Lin kt
Tn bnh li phi c lin kt chc chn vi cc xng bnh li, cn lu n cc bin
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

645
php cng ngh. Cc b phn lin kt phi khng c khuyt tt.
5 Sn v thot nc
Mt trong ca tn bnh li phi c sn hu hiu. Ti y ca bnh li phi c thit
b x nc.
21.1.7 Tn bnh li, xng bnh li v ct bnh li tm n
1 Tn bnh li
Chiu dy t ca tn bnh li tm n khng c nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau:
p1
t 1,5SV K 2,5 = + mm
Trong :
S : Khong cch cc xng bnh li, khng c ln hn 1,0 m
V : Tc ca tu (hi l/gi), nh quy nh 21.1.2.
K
p1
: H s vt liu tn bnh li, nh quy nh 21.1.1-2.
2 Xng bnh li
(1) Chiu dy ca xng bnh li phi khng nh hn chiu dy ca tn bnh li.
(2) M un chng un ca tit din xng bnh li khng c nh hn tr s tnh theo
cng thc sau. Tuy nhin, m un chng un ny c th c gim dn ra n mp
ca tm bnh li.
Z =0,5SC12V2K
a
cm
3

Trong :
C
1
: Khong cch nm ngang (m) tnh t mp sau ca tm bnh li n
ng tm ca trc li.
K
a
: H s vt liu lm xng bnh li, nh quy nh 21.1.1-2.
S v V : Nh quy nh 21.1.7-1.
3 Ct ca bnh li
ng knh ca ct phi khng nh hn ng knh phn di ca trc li. Tuy nhin, i
vi bnh li khng c pha di c trc li, th ng knh ca ct c th c
gim dn 1/3 din tch phn di ca bnh li v ti y ca bnh li c th bng 75%
ng knh theo quy nh.
21.1.8 Mi ni gia trc li v ct bnh li
1 Mi ni bng bch nm
(1) Bu lng ni bch phi l loi lp cht. S lng bu lng ni trn mt cp bch t nht
phi bng 6.
(2) ng knh d
b
S
3
b
b
m
d K
d 0,62
ne K
=
mm
Trong :
d : ng knh ca trc li (mm), ly tr s no ln hn trong cc tr s ng
knh du quy nh 21.1.5-1 v d
1
quy nh 21.1.5-2.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

646
n : Tng s bu lng ni.
e
m
: Khong cch trung bnh t tm bu lng ni n tm bch.
K
s
K
b
(3) Chiu dy bch ni t
f
khng c nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau, nhng khng
c nh hn 0,9 d
b
(mm).
f
f b
b
K
t d
K
= mm
Trong :
K
f
: H s vt liu ca bch ni, nh quy nh 21.1.1-2.
K
b
: Nh quy nh (2).
d
b
: ng knh bu lng ni (mm) ph thuc s lng bu lng ni, nhng s
lng bu lng khng c ly ln hn 8.
(4) Khong cch t mp l bu lng ni n mp ngoi ca bch ni khng c nh hn
0,67 d
b
(mm).
2 Mi ni cn
(1) Mi ni cn khng c c cu tho lp bng thy lc (ng du thu lc v cu thy
lc,v.v...), lp v tho mi ni phi c cn theo ng knh bng t 1:8 n 1:12
(xem Hnh 2B/21.1.4).
Chiu di ca on trc hnh cn l lp vo bnh li v c nh bng cu hm phi
khng nh hn 1,5 ln ng knh d
0
nh ca bnh li. Trong trng hp ny, mi
ni trc li v bnh li phi c then. Kch thc ca then phi do ng kim quy nh.
(2) Kch thc cu quy nh (1) phi ph hp vi yu cu di y (xem Hnh 2B/21.1.4)
ng knh nh ren: d
g
> 0,65d
o
mm
Chiu cao cu: h
n
> 0,60d
g
mm
ng knh ngoi ca cu: d
n
> 1,2d
e
hoc 1,5d
g
(mm), ly gi tr no ln hn.
(3) Mi ni cn c c cu tho lp bng thy lc (ng du thu lc v cu thy lc,
v.v...), lp v tho mi ni phi c cn theo ng knh bng t 1:12 n 1:20
(xem Hnh 2B/21.1.4).
Lc p v chiu di p phi tha mn yu cu ca ng kim.
(4) cu c nh trc li phi c c cu hm chc chn.
(5) Mi ni trc li phi c bo v tt chng n mn.

cn =
0 e
d d
l

h
n

l

d
0

d
e

d
g

d
n

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

647
Hnh 2B/21.1.4 Mi ni dng cn
3 Mi ni bng bch ng
(1) Bu lng ni bch ng phi l loi lp cht. S lng bu lng ni trn mt cp bch ni
khng c t hn 8.
(2) ng knh d
b
b
b
S
K 0,18d
d
K
n
= mm
Trong :
d : ng knh trc li (mm) ly tr s no ln hn trong cc ng knh du
quy nh 21.1.5-1 hoc d
1
quy nh 21.1.5-2.
n : S lng bu lng ni.
K
b
K
s
(3) M men din tch M ca bu lng i vi ng tm ca bch ni khng c nh hn
tr s tnh theo cng thc sau:
M =0,00043d
3
cm
3

(4) Chiu dy ca bch ni khng c nh hn ng knh ca bu lng ni.
(5) Khong cch t mp l bu lng n mp ngoi bch khng c nh hn 0,67 d
b
(mm).
21.1.9 Cht li
1 ng knh ca cht li
ng knh cht li d
p
khng c nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau:
p p
d 0,35 BK = mm
Trong :
B : Phn lc ti , N
K
p
: H s vt liu ca cht li, nh quy nh 21.1.1-2.
2 Kt cu ca cht li
(1) Cht li phi c kt cu nh kiu bu lng cn. cn theo ng knh khng c
ln hn cc gi tr cn cho di y. Cht phi c kh nng lp c vo cc
phn lin khi ca bnh li, cu c nh cht phi c hm chc chn.
(a) i vi cht li c lp v hm bng cu: cn t 1:8 n 1:12.
(b) i vi cht li c c cu tho np bng thy lc (ng dn du thu lc v cu
thy lc, v.v...): cn t 1:12 n 1:20.
(2) Kch thc nh nht ca chn ren v cu phi c xc nh theo nhng yu cu
tng ng quy nh 21.1.7-2 (2).
(3) Chiu di on cn ca cht li khng c nh hn ng knh ln nht ca cht.
(4) Cht li phi c bo v thch ng chng n mn.
21.1.10 trc li v cht li
1 B mt nh nht
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

648
B mt A
b
(l din tch hnh chiu = Chiu di x ng knh ngoi ca ng lt trc)
b
a
B
A
q
= mm
2

Trong :
B : Nh quy nh 21.1.9.
q
a
: p sut b mt cho php (N/mm
2
). p sut b mt cho php i vi c ly
t Bng 2B/21.1.2, tuy nhin, nu dng th nghim xc nhn th c th ly cc
gi tr khc so vi tr s bng ny.
Bng 2B/21.1.2 p sut b mt cho php q
a

Vt liu q
a
(N/mm
2
)
G gai c 2,5
Kim loi mu (bi trn bng du) 4,5
Vt liu tng hp c cng gia 60 v 70, kiu bnh
li D (xem ch thch 1)
5,5
Thp (xem ch thch 2), ng thau v vt liu ng thau
- graphit p nng
7,0
Ch thch:
(1) Th cng phn bit nhit 23
o
C v m 50% theo cc Tiu chun c cng
nhn. bng vt liu tng hp phi l kiu c ng kim chp nhn.
(2) Thp khng r v thp chng mn c kt hp tha ng vi ng lt trc khng gy n
mn in ha.
2 Chiu di
T s chiu di/ng knh mt phi khng nh hn 1,0. Tuy nhin, nu khng c quy
nh no khc th t s ny khng c ln hn 1,2.
3 Khe h
Nu c lm bng vt liu kim loi th khe h phi khng nh hn
bs
d
1,0
1000
+ (mm)
theo hng ng knh, trong cng thc ny d
bs
l ng knh trong ca bc.
Nu lm bng vt liu phi kim loi th khe h c xc nh thng qua vic xem xt
c tnh dn n nhit v phng ca vt liu. Trong mi trng hp, khe h ny phi khng
nh hn 1,5 mm theo hng ng knh ca .
21.1.11 Ph tng bnh li
1 C cu chn trc li
C cu chn trc li phi c trang b thch hp vi kiu ca bnh li, trng lng ca
bnh li v phi c bi trn tt.
2 Chn nhy trc li
Phi lp t mt c cu thch hp ngn nga bnh li b di chuyn dc trc do tc ng
va p ca sng.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

649
21.2 Thit b neo
21.2.1 Neo, xch neo v cp
1 Quy nh chung
(1) Theo c trng cung cp, tt c cc tu phi c trang b neo, xch neo v dy buc
tu khng c t hn s lng quy nh Bng 2B/21.2.1.
(2) i vi cc tu c c trng cung cp nh hn 50 hoc ln hn 1670 th s lng
neo, xch neo v dy buc trang b cho tu phi do ng kim quy nh.
(3) Hai neo quy nh trong Bng 2B/21.2.1 phi c ni vi xch neo v t vo v tr sn
sng s dng trn tu.
(4) Neo, xch neo, cp thp v cp si tho mc phi ph hp vi nhng yu cu tng
ng quy nh Chng 2, Chng 3, Chng 4 v Chng 5 Phn 7B.
2 c trng cung cp ca tu
(1) c trng cung cp l tr s c tnh theo cng thc sau:
EN =W
2/3
+2,0hB +0,1A
Trong :
W : Lng chim nc ton ti ca tu, tn
h v A : Tr s quy nh (a), (b) v (c) sau y:
(a) h l tr s tnh theo cng thc:
h = f +h
Trong :
f : Khong cch thng ng ti gia tu t ng nc ch hng thit k
ln nht n mt trn ca x boong lin tc trn cng ti mn, m
h: Tng chiu cao ca thng tng v lu c chiu rng ln hn B/4, m.
Khi xc nh tr s h c th b qua cong dc v chi ca tu. Nu
lu boong c chiu rng ln hn B/4 t trn lu boong c chiu rng
bng v nh hn B/4 th lu boong hp hn c th c b qua.
(b) A l gi tr tnh theo cng thc sau:
A =fL +E hl
Trong :
L : Chiu di tu (m) theo nh ngha 1.2.20, Phn 1A ca Quy chun
hoc bng 0,97 ln chiu chm ch hng thit k ln nht, ly tr s
no nh hn
hl : Tng cc tch s ca chiu cao h (m) v chiu di l (m) ca cc
thng tng, lu hoc hm ni c t trn boong lin tc trn cng
trong phm vi chiu di tu, c chiu rng ln hn B/4 v chiu cao
ln hn 1,5 mt.
f : Nh quy nh (1).
(c) Khi p dng (a) v (b) mn chn sng v vch chn cao hn 1,5 mt phi
c coi l mt phn ca thng tng hoc lu.
(2) Ngoi nhng yu cu (1), i vi tu ko c trng cung cp phi c xc nh
theo cng thc sau:
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

650
2/3 ''
EN W 2,0(fB hb) 0,1A = + + +

Trong :
W,f,A : c xc nh nh (1) nu trn
h''b : Tng cc tch s chiu cao h" vi chiu rng b ca tng thng tng v lu
rng nht c chiu rng ln hn B/4 v c t trn boong lin tc cao nht
3 Neo
(1) Khi lng ca mt neo mi c th c php sai khc 7% ca khi lng quy nh
Bng 2B/21.2.1, nhng vi iu kin tng khi lng ca cc neo mi khng c
nh hn khi lng nhn c do nhn khi lng ca tng neo cho trong Bng vi
s lng neo lp trn tu. Tuy nhin, nu c ng kim cho php c th s dng
neo c trng lng tng qu 7%.
(2) Nu s dng neo c ngng th khi lng neo (tr ngng) khng c nh hn 0,80
ln khi lng cho trong bng i vi neo khng ngng thng thng.
(3) Nu dng neo c lc bm cao th khi lng ca mi neo c th ly bng 0,75 ln
khi lng cho trong bng i vi neo khng ngng thng thng.
(4) Nu dng neo c lc bm c bit cao th khi lng ca mi neo c th bng 0,5 ln
khi lng quy nh i vi neo khng ngng thng thng. Tuy nhin ni chung, khi
lng ca neo c lc bm c bit cao khng vt qu 1500 kg.
4 Xch
(1) Xch neo phi l loi xch c ngng cp 1, 2 hoc 3 quy nh Chng 3 Phn 7B. Tuy
nhin, xch cp 1 ch to t thp (SBC31) khng c dng cho neo c lc bm cao.
5 Dy buc tu v dy ko tu
(1) Nu s dng cp thp, cp si tho mc lm dy buc tu v dy ko tu th ti th
ko t quy nh Chng 4 hoc 5 Phn 7-B khng c nh hn ti th ko t
tng ng quy nh Bng 2B/21.2.1.
(2) i vi cc tu c t s A/EN ln hn 0,9 ngoi s lng dy quy nh Bng
2B/21.2.1, cn phi trang b thm s lng dy quy nh nh di y:
Nu 0,9 < A/EN s 1,1 : 1
Nu 1,1 < A/EN s 1,2 : 2
Nu A/EN > 1,2 : 3
Trong :
EN : c trng cung cp.
A : Nh quy nh 21.2.1-2 (2).
(3) Nu c ng kim chp nhn c th s dng cp si tng hp lm dy buc tu v
dy ko tu.
(4) Nu c ng kim chp nhn c th dng cp li thp cu to n hi tng
ng thay cho cp li si lm dy buc v c cun vo tang trng ca ti cun
dy trn tu.
(5) Chiu di ca mi dy buc c th c gim 7% so vi chiu di quy nh Bng
2B/21.2.1, nu tng s chiu di ca dy buc quy nh khng nh hn tr s nhn
c do nhn chiu di ca dy buc vi s dy tng ng quy nh Bng
2B/21.2.1.
6 Hm xch neo
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651
(1) Hm xch neo, bao gm c ng dn phi kn nc n boong thi tit v phi c
phng tin x nc.
(2) Hm xch neo phi c phn chia bng vch chn ti tm tu.
(3) Nu c li ra vo, th n phi c ng kn bng np y chc chn v c xit
cht bng bu lng c m kn.
(4) ng dn m qua xch neo i vo phi c thit b ng kn gn c nh gim thiu
nc xm nhp.
7 Nhng quy nh khc
(1) Tt c cc tu phi c trang b cc phng tin ko th neo.
(2) Mt u ca xch neo phi c buc c nh vo thn tu v u kia c ni vi neo
bng ma n hoc cc c cu tng ng khc.
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Bng 2B/21.2.1 Neo, xch v cp
Neo
Xch dng cho neo
(xch neo c ngng)
ng knh

Dy ko tu

Dy buc tu

M
hiu
thit
b
c trng
cung cp

S lng Khi lng
mt neo
(neo khng
ngng)

Tng
chiu
di
Loi
1
loi
2
Loi
3
Tng chiu di
Ti ko
t

S
lng
Chiu di
ca mi
ng
Ti th
ko t
(EN) kg m mm mm mm m

kN m kN
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
trn n
50 70
70 90
90 110
110 130
130 150

2
2
2
2
2

180
240
300
360
420

220
220
247,5
247,5
275

14
16
17,5
19
20,5

12,5
14
16
17,5
17,5

180
180
180
180
180

98
98
98
98
98

3
3
3
3
3

80
100
110
110
120

34
37
39
44
49
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
150 175
175 205
205 240
240 280
280 320
2
2
2
2
2
480
570
660
780
900
275
302,5
302,5
330
357,5
22
24
26
28
30
19
20,5
22
24
26

20,5
22
24
180
180
180
180
180
98
112
129
150
174
3
3
4
4
4
120
120
120
120
140
54
59
64
69
74
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
320 360
360 400
400 450
450 500
500 550
2
2
2
2
2

1020
1140
1290
1440
1590
357,5
385
385
412,5
412,5
32
34
36
38
40
28
30
32
34
34
24
26
28
30
30
180
180
180
180
190
207
227
250
277
306
4
4
4
4
4
140
140
140
140
160
78
88
98
108
123
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
550 600
600 660
660 720
720 780
780 840
2
2
2
2
2
1740
1920
2100
2280
2460
440
440
440
467,5
467,5
42
44
46
48
50
36
38
40
42
44
32
34
36
36
38
190
190
190
190
190
338
371
406
441
480
4
4
4
4
4
160
160
160
170
170
132
147
157
172
186
E1
E2
E3
E4
E5
840 910
910 980
980 1060
1060 1140
1140 1220
2
2
2
2
2
2640
2850
3060
3300
3540
467,5
495
495
495
522,5
52
54
56
58
60
46
48
50
50
52
40
42
44
46
46
190
190
200
200
200
518
559
603
647
691
4
4
4
4
4
170
170
180
190
190
201
216
230
250
270
F1
F2
F3
F4
F5
1220 1300
1300 1390
1390 1480
1480 1570
1570 1670
2
2
2
2
2
3780
4050
4320
4590
4890
522,5
522,5
550
550
550
62
64
66
68
70
54
56
58
60
62
48
50
50
52
54
200
200
200
220
220
738
786
836
888
941
4
4
4
5
5
180
180
180
190
190
284
309
324
324
333
Ch thch :
(1) Nu s dng cp thp th phi dng cp thp sau y tng ng vi mc c quy nh
Bng ny :
(6 x12), (6 x 24), (6 x 37)
(2) Chiu di ca cp c th gm c ma n lin kt.
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21.3 Thit b ko v chng buc
21.3.1 Quy nh chung
1 Nhng yu cu 21.3 ny p dng i vi cc tu c tng dung tch GT > 500. Nhng
yu cu 21.3 ny p dng i vi cc thit b trn tu c dng cho vic ko v chng
buc thng thng (sau y gi tt l Thit b ko v chng buc) v cc kt cu thn
tu chng (sau y gi tt l kt cu ).
2 Cc tu phi b tr thit b ko v chng buc.
3 Kch thc ca kt cu t nht phi bng kch thc chung c xc nh bng cch
cng thm lng hao mn xc nh 21.2.2-5 v 21.2.3-5 vo kch thc tinh c xc
nh theo tiu chun quy nh Mc 21.3 ny.
4 Kch thc ca kt cu cn phi ph hp vi cc yu cu cc Chng lin quan
hoc cc Mc b sung ca 21.3 ny.
21.3.2 Thit b ko
1 B tr thit b ko
(1) Thit b ko phi c t trn cc c cu cu dc, sng ngang hoc sng dc, m
nhng c cu ny l mt phn ca kt cu boong, sao cho phn b hiu qu, hp l
ti trng ko.
(2) Nu khng th t cc thit b ko nh quy nh (1), th cc thit b ko phi c
t trn cc kt cu c gia cng.
2 Ti trng thit k
Ti trng thit k i vi thit b ko v cc kt cu chng (sau y gi tt l ti
trng thit k trn thit b) (xem Hnh 2B/21.1) phi tho mn cc quy nh t (1) n
(6) sau y:
(1) Cc hot ng ca thit b ko thng thng (v d cp cng/iu ng), ti trng thit
k trn dy ko (xem hnh 2B/21.1) phi bng 1,25 ln ti trng ko ln nht d kin.
(2) i vi cc dch v ko khc (v d h tng), ti trng thit k trn dy ko (xem hnh
2B/21.1) phi l bn t ca dy ko xc nh trong Bng 2B/21.1 ph hp vi
21.2.1-2 v c trng cung cp EN ca tu.
(3) Khi xc nh ti trng thit k ln trang b i vi thit b ko v c cu phi tnh
n ton b ti trng tc ng.
(4) im tc dng ca lc ko ln thit b ko c ly ti im buc dy ko hoc ti v
tr i hng ca dy.
(5) Ti trng thit k ln thit b i vi thit b ko v c cu phi tnh n tng ti
trng ca ti trng thit k trn dy ko (xem Hnh 2B/21.1), nhng khng cn phi ly
ln hn 2 ln ti trng thit k trn dy ko.
(6) i vi Thit b ko v cc c cu chng dng hot ng ko nh quy nh
(2), nu ti trng thit k trn trang b xc nh (2) n (5) nh hn ti trng ko
d kin, th ti trng thit k trn trang b khng c ly nh hn ti trng ko d
kin.
3 La chn thit b ko
Ni chung, thit b ko phi tho mn cc tiu chun do VR chp nhn.
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4 ng sut cho php ca kt cu
ng sut cho php ca kt cu khng c ln hn tr s sau:
(1) ng sut un: 100% gii hn chy ca vt liu s dng;
(2) ng sut ct: 60% gii hn chy ca vt liu s dng.
5 Lng hao mn b sung ca kt cu
VR s xem xt c th tr s lng hao mn ca kt cu , nhng khng c ly nh
hn 2 mm.
6 Ti trng lm vic an ton (SWL)
(1) i vi thit b ko v cc kt cu chng dng cho hot ng ko quy nh -2(1),
ti trng lm vic an ton (SWL) khng c vt qu 80% ti trng thit k trn
trang b quy nh -2(1) v -2(3) n -2(5).
(2) i vi cc thit b ko v kt cu chng dng cho hot ng ko quy nh -2(2),
ti trng lm vic an ton (SWL) khng c vt qu ti trng thit k trn trang b
quy nh -2(2) n -2(6).
(3) i vi cc thit b ko v kt cu chng dng cho hot ng ko quy nh
c -2(1) v -2(2), ti trng lm vic an ton (SWL) khng c vt qu ti trng thit
k ln hn ca mt trong hai hot ng ko .
(4) Phi ghi ti trng lm vic an ton (SWL) ln tng thit b ko bng cch hn chm
hoc tng ng.
21.3.3 Thit b chng buc
1 B tr thit b chng buc
(1) Thit b chng bucphi c t trn cc c cu cu dc, sng ngang hoc sng
dc, m nhng c cu ny l mt phn ca kt cu boong, sao cho phn b hiu qu,
hp l ti trng chng buc;
(2) Nu khng th t cc thit b chng buc nh quy nh (1), th cc thit b chng
buc phi c t trn cc kt cu c gia cng.
2 Ti trng thit k
Ti trng thit k i vi thit b chng buc v cc kt cu chng (sau y gi tt l
ti trng thit k trn tthit b) (xem Hnh 2B/21.1) phi tho mn cc quy nh t (1) n
(7) sau y:
(1) Ti trng thit k trn dy chng buc (xem hnh 2B/21.1) phi bng 1,25 ln bn
t ca dy chng buc quy nh Bng 2B/21.1 ph hp vi 21.2.1-2 v c trng
cung cp EN ca tu;
(2) Khi xc nh ti trng thit k ln trang b i vi thit b chng buc v c cu phi
tnh n ton b ti trng tc ng;
(3) im tc dng ca lc chng buc ln thit b chng buc c ly ti im buc dy
hoc ti v tr i hng ca dy;
(4) Ti trng thit k ln trang b i vi thit b chng bucv c cu phi tnh n
tng ti trng ca ti trng thit k trn dy chng (xem Hnh 2B/21.1), nhng khng
cn phi ly ln hn 2 ln ti trng thit k trn dy;
(5) Nu ti trng thit k quy nh (1) n (4) nh hn ti trng chng buc d
kin, th ti trng thit k trn thit b khng c ly nh hn ti trng chng buc
d kin;
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655
(6) Ti trng thit k p dng cho cc kt cu thn tu i vi ti chng buc v.v...
phi bng 1,25 ln ti trng hm phanh ln nht d kin;
(7) Ti trng thit k p dng cho cc kt cu thn tu i vi ti ng phi bng 1,25
ln lc git ln nht d kin.
3 La chn thit b chng buc
Ni chung, thit b chng buc phi tho mn cc tiu chun do VR chp nhn.
4 ng sut cho php ca kt cu
ng sut cho php ca kt cu khng c ln hn tr s sau:
(1) ng sut un: 100% gii hn chy ca vt liu s dng;
(2) ng sut ct: 60% gii hn chy ca vt liu s dng.
5 Lng hao mn b sung ca kt cu
VR s xem xt c th tr s lng hao mn ca kt cu , nhng khng c ly nh
hn 2 mm.
6 Ti trng lm vic an ton (SWL)
(1) Ti trng lm vic an ton (SWL) khng c vt qu 80% ti trng thit k trn
trang b quy nh -2(1) n -2(5) hoc ti trng thit k quy nh -2(6) hoc -2(7).
(2) Phi ghi ti trng lm vic an ton (SWL) ln tng thit b chng buc, tr ti chng
buc v ti ng, bng cch hn chm hoc tng ng.
21.3.4 Bn v b tr Thit b ko v trang b chng buc
Tu phi c bn v b tr thit b ko v chng buc vi nhng ch thch sau:
(1) Tiu chun c duyt v s tham chiu ca thit b ko v chng buc;
(2) i vi mi thit b ko v chng buc, v tr trn tu, chc nng (chng buc, ko
cng, ko h tng, v.v..), ti trng lm vic an ton (SWL) v cch thc s dng dy
ko hoc dy chng buc, k c gii hn cc gc trt.

Hnh 2B/21.1 Ti trng thit k
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CHNG 22 TU DU
22.1 Quy nh chung
22.1.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Kt cu v trang thit b ca nhng tu c d nh ng k v phn cp l Tu du
v c d nh ch x du th, cc sn phm du c p sut hi (p sut tuyt i)
nh hn 0,28 MPa nhit 37,8
o
C hoc ch x cc loi hng lng tng t khc phi
tha mn cc quy nh trong Chng ny.
2 Kt cu, trang thit b v kch thc c cu ca tu d kin ch x hng lng c p
sut hi (p sut tuyt i) nh hn 0,28 MPa nhit 37,8
o
C, khng phi l du th v
cc sn phm du, phi tha mn yu cu ca ng kim, c ch n c tnh ca hng
ha c vn chuyn.
3 Nhng quy nh trong Chng ny c p dng cho cc tu c bung my t ui
tu, c mt hoc nhiu vch dc v mt boong n vi y n, y i hoc c kt cu
hai lp v trong vng khoang hng.
4 Trong trng hp, nu kt cu ca tu khc vi nhng quy nh -3 v khng ph hp
vi nhng quy nh trong Chng ny, th cc tnh ton kt cu phi tha mn yu cu
ca ng kim.
5 Nu khng c quy nh c bit no khc Chng ny th phi p dng nhng quy nh
chung i vi kt cu v trang thit b ca tu thp.
6 Thm vo nhng yu cu c nu -5, phi p dng nhng quy nh thch hp cc
Phn 3, Phn 4, v Phn 5 cho cc tu c nu -1.
22.1.2 B tr v phn chia khoang hng
1 Trong cc khoang du hng, cc vch dc, vch ngang kn du v vch chn phi c
b tr thch hp.
2 Cc khoang cch ly phi c b tr tha mn cc quy nh t (1) n (3) sau y:
(1) Ti phn u v phn cui ca cc vng du hng v vng nm gia khu vc du
hng v khu vc sinh hot ca thuyn vin phi b tr khoang cch ly kn kh c
chiu rng i li. Tuy nhin, i vi cc tu du d kin ch du hng c nhit
bt la trn 60
o
(2) Cc khoang cch ly nu (1) c th c s dng lm bung bm.
(3) Cc khoang du t hoc khoang nc dn c th c dng ng thi lm khoang
cch ly gia cc khoang du hng v du t hoc cc khoang nc dn nu c
ng kim chp thun.
3 Tt c cc khu vc b tr bm du hng v h thng ng ng du hng phi c cch
ly bng vch kn kh vi khu vc l si, ni hi, ng c lai chn vt, thit b in kiu d
gy chy n tha mn nhng quy nh lin quan Phn 4 hoc my mc thng xuyn
pht tia la in. Tuy nhin, i vi cc tu du ch du hng c nhit bt la ln hn
60
o
4 Cc l vo v l ra ca h thng thng gi phi c b tr sao cho gim n mc ti a
kh nng t hi du trong khoang kn c cha cc tc nhn gy chy, hoc gn khu vc
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657
c trang thit b my mc trn boong c th gy chy. c bit, cc l thng gi ca bung
my phi c gng b tr cng xa v pha sau ca khu vc hng ha cng tt.
5 L khot kim tra khong trng cn li khi c hng trong khoang, l o mc du v cc
ca v sinh khoang du hng khng c b tr trong cc khng gian kn.
6 Cc l khot trn vch bin ca thng tng v lu li phi c b tr sao cho gim n
mc ti a tnh trng hi hng ha t ng. Nu tu c trang b h thng ng ng nhn
v tr hng pha ui tu th cc l khot thng tng v lu phi c xem xt k
lng.
22.2 Chiu dy ti thiu
1 Chiu dy ca cc c cu trong khoang du hng v cc kt su phi tha mn cc quy
nh (1) v (2) sau y:
(1) Chiu dy ca cc sng dc, sng ngang, sng ng, sng nm, thanh chng, cc m
mt ca chng v tn vch phi khng nh hn 8 mm.
(2) Trong mi trng hp chiu dy ca cc c cu phi khng nh hn 7 mm.
22.3 Tn vch
22.3.1 Tn vch ca khoang du hng v kt su
1 Chiu dy tn vch t phi khng nh hn tr s ln hn xc nh t cc cng thc sau khi
h ln lt c thay bng h
1
v h
2
:
t 3,6S h 3,5 = + mm
Trong :
S : Khong cch gia cc np gia cng, m
h : Tr s h
1
v h
2
c xc nh nh sau i vi khoang du hng, m:
h
1
: Khong cch thng ng (m) t mp di ca tm tn vch ang xt n
mp trn ming khoang. i vi vch ca cc khoang ln, chiu cao ct nc
phi c xem xt thch ng.
2
h 0,3 L = m
i vi kt su, h
1
v h
2
(m) c ly nh sau:
h
1
: Khong cch thng ng (m) t mp di ca tm tn vch ang xt n
trung im ca khong cch t nc kt n ming ng trn.
h
2
: Bng 0,7 ln khong cch thng ng t mp di ca tm tn vch ang xt
n im 2,0 mt cao hn ming ng trn.
2 Chiu rng ca di tn trn cng v di tn di cng ca vch dc phi khng nh hn
0,1 D v chiu dy ca chng phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cc cng thc sau:
i vi di tn di cng: t 1,1S L 3,5 = + mm
i vi di tn trn cng : t 0,85S L 3,5 = + mm
Trong :
S : Khong cch ca cc np, m.
22.3.2 Vch chn
1 Np gia cng v cc sng phi c bn khi xt n kch thc ca khoang v t s
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658
khot ca vch.
2 Chiu dy t ca tn vch phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau:
t 0,3S L 150 = + +3,5 mm
Trong :
S : Khong cch cc np gia cng, m.
3 Khi tnh chiu dy tn vch chn cn phi quan tm thch ng n n nh ca tm.
22.3.3 Hm boong
Chiu dy ca tn nc v tn vch bn ca hm ni trn boong, cng vi cc quy nh
22.3.1, phi c xc nh theo cc quy nh Chng 15.
22.4 Sn, np v dm dc
22.4.1 Dm dc y
M un chng un Z ca tit din dm dc y phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng
thc sau:
2
Z 8,6Shl = cm
3

Trong :
l : Khong cch ca cc ngang y, m
S : Khong cch ca cc dm dc y, m
h : Khong cch (m) t dm dc ang xt n im cao hn mt trn ca tn gia
y mt khong tnh theo cng thc sau: h =d +0,026L
22.4.2 Dm dc mn
1 M un chng un Z ca tit din dm dc mn gm c dm dc hng phi ly bng tr s
ln hn trong cc tr s tnh theo cc cng thc sau:
2
Z 8,6Shl = cm
3

2
Z 2,9 L Sl = cm
3

Trong :
S : Khong cch cc dm dc mn, m
l : Khong cch cc khung sng ngang, m
h : Khong cch (m) t dm dc ang xt n n im cao hn mt tn gia y
mt khong bng: d + 0,044L - 0,54.
2 i vi cc phn trc v sau ca on gia tu, m un chng un ca tit din dm dc
mn c th c gim dn, n cn bng 85% tr s xc nh theo yu cu -1 ti cc
phn mi v ui tu. Tuy nhin, trong mi trng hp, m un chng un ca tit din
dm dc mn phi khng nh hn yu cu -1 i vi on t vch chng va n im
0,15 L k t mi tu.
22.4.3 Np vch trong khoang du hng v kt su
M un chng un Z ca tit din np phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau:
2
Z 7CShl = cm
3

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

659
Trong :
S : Khong cch np, m
l : Chiu di ton b gia cc gi ta ca np (m) k c chiu di ca lin kt mt.
Tuy nhin, trong trng hp nu t cc sng gia cng th l l khong cch t
lin kt chn np n sng gia cng gn nht hoc l khong cch gia hai
sng gia cng.
h : c ly nh 22.3.1-1. Tuy nhin, y t mp di ca tm tn vch ang
xt phi c thay l t trung im ca l nu l np ng v phi c thay l
t trung im ca khong cch gia np trn v np di nu l np nm.
C : Xc nh theo Bng 2B/22.1 ph thuc vo mc lin kt hai u np.
Mt u
u kia
Lin kt
cng
bng m
Lin kt
mm bng
m
c bi
sng hoc lin
kt hn ta
Vt mt
Lin kt cng bng m 0,70 1,15 0,85 1,30
Lin kt mm bng m 1,15 0,85 1,30 1,15
c bi sng hoc lin kt hn ta 0,85 1,30 1,00 1,50
Vt mt 1,30 1,15 1,50 1,50
Ch thch:
(1) Lin kt cng bng m ngha l c nh mi ni gia tn y i hoc cc np tng
xng trng phm vi mt lin kt v cc m, hoc mc c nh tng ng (xem Hnh
2B/11.1 (a) ca Quy chun).
(2) Lin kt mm bng m ngha l c nh mi ni gia x, sn, v.v..., giao nhau v m
(xem Hnh 2B/11.1 (b) ca Quy chun).
22.4.4 bn n nh
1 X dc boong, dm dc mn gn vi di tn mp mn v cc np gia cng dc gn vi
vch dc trong phm vi 0,1 D k t boong tnh ton on gia tu phi c gng c
mnh khng ln hn 60.
2 Thp dt dng lm x dc boong v dm dc mn phi c t s chiu cao tit din chia cho
chiu dy khng ln hn 15.
3 Chiu rng ton b ca bn mp ca x dc boong v dm dc mn phi khng nh hn
tr s xc nh theo cng thc sau:
0
b 69,6 d l = mm
Trong :
d
0
: Chiu cao tit din bn thnh ca x dc boong v dm dc mn, m
l : Khong cch cc sng ngang, m.
4 Trong trng hp nu cc thp ghp, cc thp hnh c bit hoc tm b mp c dng
lm sn, x v np gia cng, m cc kch thc ca chng ch c xc nh theo m
un chng un ca tit din th chiu dy bn thnh phi khng nh hn tr s xc nh
theo cng thc sau:
t =( )
0
15d 3,5 + mm
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

660
Trong :
d
0
: Chiu cao tit din bn thnh, m.
Tuy nhin, trong trng hp chiu cao tit din ca bn thnh c thit k ln hn tr s
quy nh khng phi v l do bn th chiu dy c th c gim thch hp.
Nu mt thanh chng thng ng c t gia khong cch ca cc ngang th
thanh chng phi tha mn cc yu cu 4.4.3. Nu c thanh chng th m un chng
un ca tit din dm dc y i v dm dc y trn c th c gim xung cn
bng 0,72 ln tr s tnh c khi p dng cc quy nh 22.4.1 hoc 22.4.3.
22.4.6 Cc quy nh khc
M un chng un ca tit din x dc boong phi khng nh hn tr s xc nh theo
8.2.3. M un chng un ca tit din dm dc y, dm dc mn v x dc boong phi
khng nh hn tr s xc nh theo 22.4.3.
22.5 Cc c cu trong y i
22.5.1 Sng
V tr v kch thc ca cc sng, ngang v cc c cu khc lin kt vi chng trong
y i phi ph hp vi cc quy nh c lin quan Chng 4 cng vi cc quy nh
Chng ny.
22.5.2 Cc c cu khc
Cc c cu khc vi cc c cu c quy nh 22.5.1 phi tho mn cc quy nh
Chng 4 cng vi cc quy nh Chng ny.
22.6 Cc c cu trong mn kp
22.6.1 B tr
1 Trng hp nu tu c mn kp th chiu rng ca mn kp phi khng nh hn 760 mm.
2 Trong mn kp, cc khung sng ngang phi c t cch nhau khng xa qu 3,5 m.
3 B sung vo cc quy nh -2, cc khu vc sau y phi c t khung sng ngang:
(1) Cc vng c b tr ngang c trong y i;
(2) Hai bn ca vch ngang.
22.6.2 Chiu dy ca khung sng ngang
Chiu dy ca khung sng ngang phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau:
i vi h thng kt cu ngang: t 0,6 L 2,5 = + mm
i vi h thng kt cu dc: t 0,7 L 2,5 = + mm
Trong phm vi 0,2 D k t tn y trn, ng knh ca cc l khot gim trng lng
khung sng ngang t na gia ca chiu di khoang du hng khng c ln hn
1/5 chiu rng ca khung sng ngang. Tuy nhin, nu c gia cng thch ng, th quy
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

661
nh ny c th thay i thch hp i vi trng hp chiu di ca khoang du hng rt
nh.
22.7 Sng dc v khung sng ngang trong khoang du hng v kt su
22.7.1 Kch thc
1 M un chng un Z ca tit din sng khng c nh hn tr s xc nh theo cng thc
sau:
2
Z 7,13Shl = cm
3

Trong :
S : Chiu rng ca din tch c bi sng, m
l : Chiu di ton b ca sng, m
h : Nh quy nh 22.3.1-1. Tuy nhin, y cm t t cnh di ca tm tn vch
ang xt c thay l t trung im ca S i vi sng nm, v l t trung
im ca l i vi sng ng.
2 M men qun tnh I ca tit din sng phi khng nh hn tr s xc nh theo cng thc
sau. Tuy nhin, chiu cao tit din ca sng khng c nh hn 2,5 ln chiu cao l
khot c cu chui qua.
I
4
30hl = cm
4

Trong :
h v l: nh quy nh -1.
3 Chiu dy t ca sng phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc sau:
1
t 10S 3,5 = + mm
Trong :
S
1
: Khong cch cc np ca sng hoc chiu cao tit din sng, ly gi tr no nh
hn, m.
4 Chiu dy t ca np lm bng thanh thp dt v ca m chng vn gn trn cc sng dc,
sng ngang v np gn vo vch phi khng nh hn tr s xc nh t cc cng thc sau.
Tuy nhin, chiu dy ny khng cn phi ln hn chiu dy bn thnh ca sng m chng
c gn vo.
t 0,5 L 3,5 = + mm
5 Chiu dy bn mp ca sng phi ln hn chiu dy bn thnh v chiu rng ton b ca
bn mp phi khng nh hn tr s xc nh theo cng thc sau:
0
85,4 d l mm
Trong :
d
0
: Chiu cao tit din ca sng (m). Nu sng l dm c tit din cn i th d
0
l
chiu cao t mt tn n bn mp ca sng.
l : Khong cch gia cc gi ta ca sng (m). Tuy nhin, nu c t cc m chng
vn hu hiu th cc m ny c th c coi l gi ta.
22.7.2 Sng ngang mn ca tu khng c mn kp
1 Thm vo cc quy nh 22.7.1-1, chiu cao tit din d
0
v m un chng un Z ca tit
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

662
din sng ngang mn (trong thnh phn khung ngang) trong khoang du hng phi khng
nh hn tr s tng ng xc nh theo cc cng thc sau, tuy nhin, chiu cao tit din
ca sng ngang mn phi khng nh hn 2,5 ln chiu cao l khot c cu chui qua :
0 0
d 0,15l = m
2 2
0
Z 8,7k Shl = cm
3

Trong :
l
0
: Chiu di ton b ca sng ngang mn (m), ly bng khong cch t mt di
ca bn mp ca sng ngang boong (trong thnh phn khung ngang) n tn y
trn
S : Khong cch cc sng ngang, m
0
n im cao hn mt tn gia y mt khong
bng:
h =d +0,044L - 0,54 m
k : H s iu chnh do cc m xc nh theo cng thc sau:
1 2
0
0,65(b b )
k 1
l
+
=
Trong :
b
1
, b
2
: Chiu di cnh m ti hai mt ca sng ngang, m.
2 i vi cc tu c hm boong, kt cu c sng ngang boong lin tc i qua hm boong
phi c coi l tiu chun. Trong trng hp ny, chiu cao tit din ca sng ngang
boong coi nh c bi hm boong c th c ly bng 0,03 B.
22.7.3 Cc sng ngang ca tu c y n vng khoang hng
1 Chiu cao tit din d
o
v m un chng un tit din Z ca ngang y phi khng nh
hn tr s tnh theo cng thc tng ng sau y:
d
0
=0,16l
0
m
Z =9,7k
2
(d +0,026L)Sl
0
2
cm
3

Trong :
l
0
: Chiu di ton b ca ngang (m), bng khong cch t mp trong ca bn
mp sng ngang mn n mp trong ca bn mp sng ng vch dc tm
S v k : Nh quy nh 22.7.2-1.
2 Kch thc ca cc sng ngang ca tu c y n vng khoang hng phi khng nh
hn kch thc xc nh c theo cc yu cu 22.7.1 v 22.7.2.
22.8 Gia cng y pha mi tu
Bin php gia cng y pha mi tu phi tha mn cc yu cu 4.9 v 14.4.4.
22.9 Cc chi tit kt cu
22.9.1 Quy nh chung
1 Cc c cu chnh phi c b tr sao cho m bo c s lin tc ca bn ca c
khu vc hng ha. vng pha trc v pha sau khu vc cha hng, cc kt cu phi
bn trnh suy gim t ngt s lin tc ca bn.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

663
2 Vi cc c cu chnh, phi quan tm thch ng n c nh cc mt, n bin php
v gia cng trnh bin dng vnh, v phi gim n mc ti thiu tnh trng tp
trung ng sut kt cu.
22.9.2 Dm v np
X dc boong, dm dc v np dc phi l cc c cu lin tc, hoc phi c lin kt
chc chn sao cho tit din cc mt ca chng chu c m men un.
22.9.3 Sng v thanh ging
1 Cc sng nm trong cng mt mt phng phi c b tr sao cho trnh c s thay i
t ngt v bn v cng, hai u ca sng phi c gn m c kch thc thch
hp, nh ca m phi c ln hu hiu.
2 Trong trng hp nu chiu cao tit din ca sng dc ln th phi t np song song vi
bn mp.
3 M chng vn phi c t trn bn thnh ca sng ngang ti nh trong ca cc m
mt, v.v..., v theo nhng khong cch thch hp gia cng chc chn sng ngang.
4 Cc m mt di v mt trn ca sng ngang mn v sng ng ca vch dc v cc
sng ln cn phi c gia cng thch ng.
22.10 Cc quy nh c bit i vi han g
22.10.1 Chiu dy ca tn bao
1 nhng tu khng c mn kp, chiu dy ca tn bao to thnh vch bin ca cc
khoang du hng c d nh cha nc dn phi khng nh hn chiu dy xc nh
theo cng thc 14.3.2 khi p dng cc quy nh ca Chng 14, cng thm 0,5 mm.
2 Khi p dng cc quy nh ca Chng ny, chiu dy ca tn bao c th c gim 0,5
mm so vi chiu dy xc nh theo cng thc 22.3.1, nu c cc bin php hu hiu
hn ch han g.
1 Khi p dng nhng quy nh ca Chng ny, chiu dy tn boong mn kh c th c
gim 0,5 mm so vi chiu dy tnh theo cng thc 22.3.1, nu c cc bin php hu
hiu hn ch han g.
2 Khi p dng nhng quy nh Chng 15, chiu dy tn boong mn kh khoang du
hng l chiu dy xc nh theo cng thc 15.4 cng thm t nht l 0,5 mm.
22.10.3 Chiu dy ca tn nc kt
Chiu dy ca tn nc kt trong khoang du hng v kt su khng c nh hn chiu
dy tng ng xc nh theo cng thc 22.3.1, cng thm 1,0 mm. Tuy nhin, i vi
tn y trn khng bt buc phi cng thm.
22.10.4 M un chng un tit din ca x dc boong, dm dc mn v cc np dc
1 M un chng un tit din ca x dc boong trong cc khoang du hng phi khng nh
hn 1,1 ln tr s tnh theo cc quy nh 8.2.3.
2 M un chng un tit din ca dm dc y v dm dc mn trong cc khoang du hng
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

664
c d kin cha nc dn, tr nhng khoang ch dng cha nc dn trong iu
kin thi tit xu, phi khng nh hn tr s tnh theo cng thc th nht trong quy nh
22.4.1 v 22.4.2 s dng h s 9,3, v cng thc th hai trong quy nh 22.4.2 s dng
h s 3,2. M un chng un tit din ca cc np cc khoang du hng nu trn phi
khng nh hn 1,1 ln tr s tnh c khi p dng cc quy nh 22.4.3.
22.11 Cc quy nh ring i vi ming khoang v b tr thot nc mt boong
22.11.1 Tu c mn kh qu ln
i vi tu c mn kh qu ln vic min gim so vi cc quy nh 22.11 s c xem
xt ring trong tng trng hp c th.
22.11.2 Ming ca khoang du hng
1 Chiu dy tn thnh ca ming khoang du hng phi khng nh hn 10 mm. Nu chiu
di ca thnh ming khoang ln hn 1,25 mt v chiu cao ca thnh ming khoang ln
hn 760 mm th phi t cc np ng trn thnh dc hoc thnh ngang v mp trn ca
thnh ming khoang phi c gia cng thch ng.
2 Np khoang hng phi c lm bng thp hoc bng vt liu c chp nhn khc. Kt
cu ca np ming khoang bng thp phi tha mn cc quy nh t (1) n (4) di y.
Kt cu ca np ming khoang lm bng vt liu khng phi l thp phi tha mn yu
cu ca ng kim.
(1) Chiu dy tn np phi khng nh hn 12 mm. Tuy nhin, nhng tu c chiu di
khng ln hn 60 mt yu cu ny c th c thay i.
(2) Nu din tch ca ming khoang ln hn 1 m
2
nhng khng vt qu 2,5 m
2
, th np
ming khoang phi c gia cng bng cc thanh thp dt c chiu cao tit din
bng 100 mm t cch nhau khng xa qu 610 mm. Tuy nhin, nu tn np ming
khoang c chiu dy bng 15 mm hoc ln hn th c th khng cn np gia cng.
(3) Nu din tch ca ming khoang ln hn 2,5 m
2
th tn np ming khoang phi c
gia cng bng cc thanh thp dt c chiu cao tit din bng 125 mm t cch nhau
khng xa qu 610 mm.
(4) Np ming khoang phi c c nh chc chn bng kha t cch nhau khng xa
qu 457 mm i vi np ming khoang hnh trn hoc cch nhau khng xa qu 380
mm v khng xa qu 230 mm k t gc i vi np ming khoang hnh ch nht.
3 Np phi c l khot c ng knh ti thiu bng 150 mm, l khot phi c kt cu sao
cho c th kn du bng nt c ren hoc bng np c l quan st.
4 Thnh ming khoang phi c gn van kh hoc cc thit b x kh thch hp khc.
22.11.3 Ming ca khoang khng phi l khoang du hng
nhng v tr l trn boong mn kh v boong dng mi hoc trn nc ca kt gin n
trn boong, cc ming khoang khng phi l khoang du hng phi c cc np kn nc
bng thp c kch thc tha mn yu cu 17.2.4 v 17.2.5.
22.11.4 Cu boong v li i
1 Cu boong c nh pha mi v pha ui theo quy nh 19.7 phi c b tr cng
cao vi boong thng tng gia lu gia hoc lu boong v thng tng ui hoc
lu pha ui tu, hoc phi b tr cc phng tin i li tng t thc hin chc nng
nh cu boong, v d hnh lang di boong. Ngc li, nhng tu khng c lu gia v
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

665
lu boong, phi b tr li i tha mn yu cu ca ng kim bo v thuyn vin i n
tt c cc khu vc lm vic cn thit trn tu.
2 cao ca cu boong phi c cc li i an ton v thch hp t cc bung ca thuyn
vin n bung my hoc gia cc khu vc bit lp ca thuyn vin.
22.11.5 H thng thot nc mt boong
1 Nhng tu c mn chn sng phi c lan can thong t nht l trn mt na chiu di
phn l ca boong mn kh hoc phi c h thng thot nc hu hiu khc. Mp trn
ca di tn mp mn phi cng thp cng tt.
2 Nu cc thng tng c ni vi nhau bng hm boong, th lan can thong phi c
t trn ton b chiu di phn l ca boong mn kh.
3 Tm chn tiu nc cao hn 300 mm t quanh boong thi tit ca tu du, trong vng
ng gp v ng dn hng phi c coi nh mn chn sng. Ca thot nc phi c
b tr ph hp vi cc quy nh 19.2. Cc tm chn gn vi ca thot nc s dng
trong qu trnh iu khin x v np phi c b tr sao cho khng th gy ra kt khi tu
trn bin.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

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CHNG 23 HNG DN XP HNG
23.1 Quy nh chung
23.1.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Chng ny c p dng cho nhng tu c chiu di tnh mn kh L
f
t 65 mt tr ln.
2 gip cho thuyn trng b tr xp hng v dn tu trnh xy ra ng sut ln hn ng
sut cho php trong kt cu ca tu, tu phi c hng dn xp hng c ng kim
duyt. Nhng tu c ng kim chp thun c th khng phi p dng cc qui nh c
bit ny.
23.1.2 Hng dn xp hng
1 Hng dn xp hng phi bao gm nhng thng tin ti thiu nh sau:
(1) Cc trng thi ti trng lm c s thit k tu, bao gm c gii hn cho php ca
m men un dc v lc ct trn nc tnh.
(2) Kt qu tnh ton ca m men un v lc ct trn nc tnh tng ng vi cc trng
thi ti trng.
(3) Gii hn cho php ca ti trng cc b c p dng i vi np ming hm hng,
boong, kt cu y i v.v..., nu ng kim thy cn thit.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

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CHNG 24 PHNG TIN TIP CN
24.1 Quy nh ca Quy chun
24.1.1 Quy nh chung
1 Cc kt mi/kt ui, kt su, khoang cch ly, khoang du hng, cc khoang hng c kt
hng cao tng i v cc khng gian kn tng t khc phi c cc phng tin tip
cn, v d sn, cu thang, cc bc thang hoc cc cng c tng t khc kim tra bn
trong an ton.
2 Khng ph thuc vo cc quy nh -1, cc khng gian nu 24.2 phi p dng cc quy
nh ca 24.2 v tr ca 24.1 ny.
24.1.2 Phng tin tip cn ti cc khng gian
1 Li i an ton ti cc kt mi/kt ui, kt su, khoang cch ly, khoang du hng, khoang
hng v cc khng gian kn tng t khc, ni chung phi n trc tip t boong h v
phi c t nht mt ming ca vo hoc l ngi chui v cu thang.
2 Khng ph thuc vo cc quy nh -1, li i an ton ti cc khng gian bn di ca cc
khoang c ngn chia theo phng ng, c th n t cc khng gian khc, nhng
phi quan tm vn thng gi.
3 Khng ph thuc vo cc quy nh -1, khng yu cu t cu thang c nh i vi mi
khng gian ca cc tu c tng dung tch nh hn 300 v cc khng gian c chiu cao t
y i n nh ca boong h khng ln hn 1,5 mt.
24.1.3 Phng tin tip cn trong cc khng gian
1 Cc kt mi/kt ui, kt su, khoang cch ly, khoang du hng, khoang hng v cc
khng gian kn tng t khc phi c cc phng tin tip cn cc kt cu thn tu
kim tra.
2 Nu khng th trnh khi vic i qua cc vt cn nh cc thnh phn kt cu thn tu c
chiu cao bng hoc ln hn 600 mm tip cn cc kt cu thn tu trong cc
khoang, th c th t cc phng tin thch hp nh cu thang, bc thang, v.v
24.1.4 Cc yu cu k thut ca phng tin tip cn v cu thang
1 Phng tin tip cn phi m bo an ton khi s dng.
2 Cc phng tin tip cn c nh phi c kt cu vng chc.
24.1.5 Cc bn v i vi phng tin tip cn
Cc bn b tr chi tit i vi cc phng tin tip cn ti cc kt mi/kt ui, kt su,
khoang cch ly, khoang du hng, cc khoang hng c kt hng cao tng i v cc
khng gian kn tng t khc phi c ct gi trn tu.
24.2 Cc yu cu c bit i vi tu du
24.2.1 Phm vi p dng
iu 24.2 ny p dng cho mi khng gian nm trong khu vc hng ho v cc kt mi
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

668
ca tu du nh nh ngha 1.3.1(11) ca Phn 1B, c tng dung tch bng v ln
hn 500, ng v tr quy nh ca 24.1. Khng ph thuc vo cc quy nh trn, cc quy
nh trong iu ny, ngoi tr 24.2.3-1, -2 v 24.2.5-5, -6, -7 lin quan n li i ti cc
khoang/cc kt, khng cn p dng i vi cc khoang hng ca tu du tng hp/tu du
ho cht m nhng tu ny phi tho mn cc quy nh i vi tu ch x ho cht nguy
him nh quy nh 2.1.43 ca Phn 1A.
24.2.2 Quy nh chung
Mi khng gian trong vng hng ho v kt mi u phi t phng tin tip cn m
bo vic kim tra ton b v kim tra tip cn, o c chiu dy cc kt cu thn tu c
tin hnh an ton.
24.2.3 Phng tin tip cn ti cc khng gian
1 Li i an ton ti tng khng gian trong vng hng ho v kt mi phi i trc tip t
boong h v phi ph hp vi cc quy nh (1) hoc (2) di y, ph thuc vo loi
khng gian.
(1) Cc kt, khoang cch ly v cc vch ngn ca cc kt. Khoang cch ly, c chiu di
bng v ln hn 35 m, phi t ti thiu hai ming ca vo hoc l ngi chui v cu
thang, cng ring bit cng tt;
(2) Cc kt, khoang cch ly c chiu di nh hn 35 m phi c t nht mt ming ca vo
hoc l ngi chui v cu thang.
2 Khng ph thuc vo cc quy nh -1, li i an ton ti cc khng gian y i, cc kt
dn pha mi hoc cc khoang bn di ca cc din tch c ngn chia theo phng
thng ng, c th i t mt bung bm, khoang cch ly su, hm ng, khoang hng, cc
khng gian v kp hoc cc khoang tng t khng c d nh dng cha du hoc
hng ho nguy him, nhng phi quan tm vic thng gi.
3 on ca vo cao nht t boong ca li vo c t cu thang ti mt kt theo phng
thng ng phi khng nh hn 2,5 m, nhng khng cn vt qu 3,0 m, o c cc vt
cn bn trn ca li vo kt, bao gm c cu thang sn ni b chim ch ti mt mt ca
cu thang thng ng. Tuy nhin, on cao nht ca cu thang thng ng c th c
gim n 1,6 m di nh boong, nu cu thang thng ng tip ni vo mt phng
tin c nh ngang hoc dc ca li i t trong vng 1,6 m v 3,0 m di nh boong.
4 i vi cc tu du, cu thang i n cc khoang hng v cc khng gian khc trong vng
hng ho (ngoi tr kt mi) phi tho mn cc yu cu sau y:
(1) Nu c hai ming ca vo hoc l ngi chui v cu thang quy nh -1(1) ni trn,
cho ti thiu mt li i li, th phi s dng cu thang nghing hoc cu thang. Tuy
nhin on li vo cao nht t boong ca cu thang thng ng phi ph hp vi quy
nh -3 ni trn;
(2) Nu khi quy nh (1) ni trn, i vi cc cu thang khng yu cu phi l cu thang
nghing, th c th s dng cu thang ng. Trong trng hp , nu khong cch
theo phng thng ng ln hn 6 m, th cu thang ng phi c mt hoc hai sn
ni cu thang t cch nhau khng xa qu 6 m theo phng thng ng v ko ti
mt mt ca cu thang. on ca vo cao nht t boong ca cu thang phi ph hp
vi quy nh -3 ni trn;
(3) Nu mt ming ca vo hoc l ngi chui v cu thang c quy nh -1(2) ni
trn, th i vi li i ny, bao gm c cu thang hoc cc cu thang phi c dng
ph hp vi quy nh (1) ni trn;
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

669
(4) Trong cc khng gian y i c chiu rng nh hn 2,5 m, phng tin tip cn ti
cc khng gian ny c th bng cu thang thng ng, gm c mt hoc hai sn ni
cu thang t cch nhau khng xa qu 6 m theo phng thng ng v ko ti mt
mt ca cu thang. Tit din bn cnh ca cu thang l khong cch dch chuyn
ngang t bn ny qua bn kia t nht phi bng chiu rng cu thang. Tit din li vo
trn cng t boong cu thang phi tho mn quy nh -3 ni trn.
(5) Phng tin tip cn t boong ti cc khng gian y i c th bng cu thang
thng ng thng qua mt hm boong. Khong cch theo phng thng ng t
boong ti sn ngh, gia sn ngh hoc sn ngh v y kt khng c ln hn 6 m,
tr khi c ng kim chp nhn.
24.2.4 Phng tin tip cn trong cc khng gian
1 i vi tu du, cc kt du hng v kt nc dn, ngoi tr cc kt quy nh -2 v -3,
phi t phng tin tip cn ph hp vi cc quy nh t (1) n (4) di y:
(1) i vi cc kt c chiu cao bng v ln hn 6 m, cc phng tin tip cn c nh
phi c t ph hp vi cc quy nh t (a) n (f)
(a) Phng tin tip cn c nh ngang lin tc b tr ti mi vch ngang trn b mt
c gia cng, phi nm di nh boong ti thiu l 1,6 m n ti a l 3,0 m;
(b) t nht phi c mt phng tin tip cn c nh dc lin tc b tr ti mi mn ca
kt. Mt trong cc phng tin ny phi nm di nh boong ti thiu l 1,6 m
n ti a l 6,0 m v phng tin kia phi nm di nh boong ti thiu l 1,6 m
n ti a l 3,0 m;
(c) Tip cn gia cc h thng quy nh (a) v (b) v t boong chnh ti c (a) hoc
(b);
(d) Phng tin tip cn c nh dc lin tc phi lp vo thnh phn kt cu trn b
mt c gia cng ca vch dc, ng tm n mc c th; vi cc sng nm
ca vch ngang phi c phng tin tip cn ti cc c cu ngang kho, ngoi
tr cc ph kin c nh c lp t ti sn cao nht s dng cc phng
tin thay th khi c ng kim thy ph hp cho vic kim tra nhng cao
trung gian;
(e) i vi cc tu c thanh ging ngang nm trn y kt t 6 m tr ln, phi c
phng tin tip cn c nh ngang thn tu kim tra cc m loe c hai mn
kt, bng li i t mt phng tin tip cn c nh dc thn tu (d), v
(f) Phng tin thay th khi c ng kim thy ph hp c th c t cho cc
tu nh nh mt phng tin thay th cho (d) i vi cc kt du hng c chiu
cao nh hn 17 m.
(2) i vi cc kt c chiu cao nh hn 6 m, phng tin thay th khi c ng kim
thy ph hp hoc phng tin di ng c th c dng thay cho phng tin tip
cn c nh.
(3) khng k (1) v (2) ni trn, cc kt khng c cc kt cu bn trong khng cn phi c
phng tin tip cn c nh;
(4) i vi phng tin tip cn ti cc kt cu di boong, cc c cu ngang kho v
cc thanh ging ngang ngoi tm ca phng tin tip cn c nh, nh quy nh
(1) v (2) ni trn, phi c phng tin di ng n hoc hn hp hoc phng tin
c ng kim chp nhn.
2 i vi tu du, cc kt mn cha nc dn c chiu rng nh hn 5 m dng kt mn kp
v dng tit din hng tu phi c phng tin tip cn tho mn cc quy nh t (1) n
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

670
(3) di y:
(1) i vi cc kt mn kp nm trn im gy gc pha trn ca tit din hng tu, phi
c phng tin tip cn phi tho mn (a) n (c):
(a) Nu khong cch thng ng gia sng ngang cao nht v nh boong bng v
ln hn 6 m, th phi t mt phng tin tip cn c nh dc lin tc trn sut
chiu di ca kt, cho php i qua cc c cu ngang kho, lp t khong cch
ti thiu l 1,6 m n ti a l 3 m di nh boong, c mt cu thang ng ti
mi u kt;
(b) Phng tin tip cn c nh dc lin tc c gn lin vo kt cu, khong
cch theo phng thng ng khng vt qu 6 m mi bn, v
(c) Phi t cc sng dng tm ng tm n mc c th c vi cc sng nm ca
cc vch ngang.
(2) i vi cc kt hng tu m khong cch thng ng t y kt n n im gy
gc trn cng bng v ln hn 6 m, phi t mt phng tin tip cn c nh dc lin
tc trn sut chiu di ca kt ph hp vi (a) v (b) di y. Phi c kh nng ti
c bng phng tin tip cn c nh thng ng t mi u ca kt.
(a) Phng tin tip cn c nh dc lin tc phi c t cch nh tit din hng
ti thiu 1,6 m n ti a 3 m. Trong trng hp ny, sn ko di ca phng tin
tip cn c nh dc lin tc trong vng cc sn kho c th c s dng i
ti cc vng kt cu c cho l cn thit;
(b) C th la chn, t phng tin tip cn c nh dc lin tc nm di nh l
khot thng sut ca vnh kho ti thiu 1,2 m, khi cho php s dng phng
tin tip cn di ng tm vi ti vng kt cu c cho l cn thit.
(3) Nu khong cch theo phng thng ng cp (2) nh hn 6 m, c th dng
phng tin tip cn di ng hoc phng tin tip cn thay th, khi ng kim thy
ph hp, thay cho phng tin tip cn c nh. d dng vn hnh, phi t cc
phng tin tip cn thay th, ng cc l khot trong cc sng nm. Cc l khot
ny phi c ng knh tho ng v phi c hng ro bo v ph hp.
3 i vi cc khoang mi c su bng hoc ln hn 6 m ti tm ca vch chng va, phi
c mt phng tin tip cn thch hp i ti cc vng cn thit nh cc kt cu di
boong, cc sng, vch chng va v kt cu v mn, ph hp vi (1) v (2) di y:
(1) Cc sng c khong cch theo phng thng ng nh hn 6 m, tnh t nh boong
hoc t mt sng ngay pha trn, phi xem xt b tr li i thch hp kt hp vi
phng tin tip cn di ng;
(2) Trong trng hp khong cch gia nh boong v cc sng, gia cc sng hoc
gia sng di cng v y kt bng hoc ln hn 6 m, phi c phng tin tip cn
thay th khi ng kim thy ph hp.
4 Nu mt phng tin tip cn d b lm h hng trong cc thao tc bc xp hng ho
thng thng hoc thy rng khhong th t c phng tin tip cn c nh, th ng
kim c th chp nhn cho t phng tin tip cn di ng thay cho phng tin quy
nh -1 n -3 ni trn, vi iu kin l phng tin c lin kt, chng buc, treo
hoc nh phng tin tip cn c dng l mt phn c nh ca kt cu thn tu.
24.2.5 Danh mc cc chi tit k thut ca phng tin tip cn v cu thang
1 Phng tin tip cn c nh phi cng lin vi kt cu thn tu cng tt, m bo rng
chng chc chn. phng tin tip cn d dng nh l mt phn gn lin ca kt
cu, nu thy cn thit, th ng kim c th chp nhn mt lch hp l v yu cu v
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

671
tr ca phng tin 24.2.3 v 24.2.4.
2 Nu t cu thang nng dng dn ca phng tin tip cn c nh th n phi c chiu
rng thng thang bng 600 mm, tr khi i quanh cc thnh thng ng chiu rng thng
thang c th gim xung cn 450 mm v phi c lan can ko sut mt h chiu di li vo
ca chng.
3 Nu t kt cu nghing mt phn ca phng tin tip cn, th n phi l kt cu
chng trt.
4 Cu thang nng dng dn ca phng tin tip cn c nh phi c lan can cao 1000 mm
v phi c mt lan can bao gm mt thanh trung gian cao 500 mm, c kt cu chc chn
vi cc ct t cch nhau khng qu 3 m, mt h.
5 i vi li xuyn qua cc l khot nm ngang, ming hm hoc l ngi chui, phi c kch
thc ph hp cho php mt ngi eo thit b th kh t thi v thit b bo v ln
hoc xung cu thang bt k khng b cn tr v v cng phi c mt l thng sut ko
d dng mt ngi b thng ln t y khoang. Kch thc thng l ti thiu khng c
nh hn 600 mm x 600 mm. Nu li ti mt khoang hng c b tr qua ming khoang c
chiu cao ln hn 900 mm, th phi c bc pha ngoi cng vi cu thang.
6 i vi cc phng tin tip cn qua cc l khot theo phng thng ng hoc cc l
ngi chui, cc vch chn, cc sn, cc sng v cc sn kho t trn sut chiu di
v chiu rng khng gian, kch thc thng ti thiu ca l khng c nh hn 600 mm x
800 mm, cao khng ln hn 600 mm tnh t tm v y, tr khi t cc mt sn hoc
ch ng khc.
7 i vi tu du c trng ti ton phn nh hn 5000 tn, trong trng hp c bit, ng
kim c th xem xt chp nhn cho t l c kch thc nh hn i vi cc l cp -5
v -6, nu c th i ngang l khot hoc chuyn c mt ngi b thng.
8 Li ti cc phng tin tip cn c nh v cc l khot theo phng thng ng tnh t
y tu phi c cc bc thang, cu thang hoc sn (tread) i li d dng. Cc sn phi c
nhnh chn. Nu cc thanh ngang ca cu thang c t da vo b mt thng
ng, th khong cch t tm ca thanh ngang n b mt ti thiu phi bng 150 mm.
Nu l ngi chui theo phng thng ng c t cao ln hn mc bc chn
600 mm, th li i phi lm cho d dng bng phng tin tread v tay nm c sn ch
c hai mt.
9 Cc quy cch k thut ca cc cu thang hoc cc phng tin tng t dng dn thuc
phng tin tip cn c nh phi tho mn quy nh ca ng kim.
24.2.6 Hng dn tip cn kt cu tu
1 i vi mi tu, phng tin tip cn tin hnh mi vic, kim tra tip cn v o chiu
dy phi c m t trong S tay hng dn tip cn kt cu thn tu, do ng kim
duyt, bt k s thay i no v ni dung ca s tay u phi c cp nht v phi c
mt bn ph t c cp nht trn tu. S tay hng dn tip cn kt cu thn
tu bao gm nhng ni dung sau y, cho tng khng gian.
(1) Bn v ch r phng tin tip cn khng gian, vi cc c tnh k thut v kch thc
thch hp;
(2) Bn v ch r phng tin tip cn trong phm vi tng khng gian, phi tin hnh
kim tra ton din, vi cc c tnh k thut v kch thc thch hp. Bn v ny phi
ch ra tng vng trong khng gian c th c kim tra;
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

672
(3) Bn v ch r phng tin tip cn trong phm vi tng khng gian phi tin hnh kim
tra tip cn ton din, vi cc c tnh k thut v kch thc thch hp. Bn v ny
phi ch ra v tr vng vng kt cu trng yu, dng phng tin tip cn c nh hay di
ng v tng vng c th c kim tra;
(4) Cc ch dn v kim tra v duy tr bn c cu ca tt c cc phuwong tin tip cn
v phng tin gn km, c tnh n lng n mn khng kh bt k no c th c
trong khng gian ;
(5) Cc ch dn v hng dn an ton khi dng b kim tra tip cn v o chiu dy;
(6) Cc ch dn v xp t v s dng bt k phng tin tip cn di ng no theo cch
an ton;
(7) Mt bn lit k tt c cc phng tin tip cn di ng, v
(8) H s v kim tra chu k v bo dng cc phng tin tip cn ca tu.
2 Nu phng tin tip cn phi tho mn quy nh 24.2.4, th cch thc vn hnh v
sp t an ton cc phng tin thay th ti v ra khi khng gian phi c m t r
rng trong S tay hng dn tip cn kt cu thn tu.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

673
CHNG 25 TU C PHN CP HOT NG VNG BIN HN CH
25.1 Quy nh chung
25.1.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Nhng quy nh ca Chng ny p dng cho cc tu c phn cp hot ng vng
bin hn ch I, II v III.
2 Nu khng c yu cu no khc Chng ny, th phi p dng cc Chng c lin
quan.
25.2 M un chng un tit din ngang thn tu
1 M un chng un tit din ngang thn tu khng nh hn tr s Z tnh theo cng thc
sau:
Z =5,72(M
S
+M
w
)K cm
3

Trong :
M
S
: M men un dc tu trn nc lng (kN.m) ti tit din ngang ang xt. M
S

c tnh ton theo cc trng thi ti trng in hnh v theo phng php
c ng kim tha nhn.
M
w
: M men un dc tu trn sng (kN.m) ti tit din ang xt, ng vi trng
hp un vng xung hoc vng ln. M
w
c xc nh nh nu 13.2.1-1.
K : L h s, ph thuc vo vng hn ch:
i vi tu c phn cp hot ng vng bin hn ch II: K = 0,95
i vi tu c phn cp hot ng vng bin hn ch III: K = 0,90
2 M un chng un ti thiu
Trong mi trng hp m un chng un tit din ngang thn tu khng nh hn tr s:
W
min
=KC
1
L
1
2
B(C
b
'
+0,7) cm
3

Trong :
K : Ly nh -1;
C
1
, L
1
, B, C
b
': Nh quy nh 13.2.1-1.
3 M men qun tnh tit din ngang thn tu phi khng nh hn tr s:
I =3. W
min
L
1
cm
4

Trong :
W
min
: Nh quy nh -2.
L
1
: Nh quy nh 13.2.1-1.
25.3 Kch thc cc c cu thn tu
1 i vi tu c phn cp hot ng vng bin hn ch II:
(1) Kch thc ca cc c cu thn tu ca nhng tu c vng hot ng hn ch theo
cc Chng c lin quan, c th c gim theo t l nu Bng 2B/25.1, nhng
trong mi trng hp khng c nh hn kch thc ti thiu cho trong Bng.
(2) Vic gim kch thc ca cc c cu khc vi quy nh -1 phi c ng kim
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

674
xem xt chp nhn.
(3) Khng c gim kch thc ca cc x ngang ca boong ch hng, tn y trn, cc
dm dc ca y i ch hng nng, cc ngang kn nc, sng mi, sng ui, gi
trc chn vt, cc c cu ca kt su v cc c cu ca vch chng va, cc c cu
mn tu du, cc c cu m bo bn chng bng, khng ph thuc vo cc quy
nh -1 v -2.
(4) p sut thit k P
e
quy nh 19.3.4 v Bng 2B/19.3 c th c nhn vi 0,80;
(5) p sut thit k P ca ca s hnh ch nht quy nh 19.5.8 c th c nhn vi
0,90.
Bng 2B/25.1 T l gim kch thc c cu v kch thc ti thiu
Hng mc
Vng bin
hn ch II
Vng bin hn
ch III
Kch thc ti thiu
bn chung (dc) 5% 10% -
Tn bao, k c tn gia y 5% 10% 6 mm, tr thng tng
Chiu dy ti thiu ca tn boong 1 mm 1 mm 5,0 mm
Chiu dy cc c cu y i 1 mm 1 mm 5,5 mm
Chiu dy cc c cu y n 0,5 mm
1 mm hoc
10%, chn tr
s nh hn
-
Chiu dy v m un chng un
tit din ca cc c cu vch mt
thng tng
5% 10% -
M un chng un tit din cc
dm, k c dm dc y
10% 20% 30 cm
3

M un chng un tit din cc x 10% 15% -
M un chng un tit din cc
sng boong
10% 15% -

25.4 Chiu cao ca thnh ming khoang, v.v...
Chiu cao ca thnh ming khoang, ngng ca, v.v... ca cc tu c phn cp hot
ng vng bin hn ch II v III c th c min gim n cao quy nh Mc 6.3
25.5 Np ming khoang
1 Np ming khoang ca cc tu c phn cp hot ng vng bin hn ch II: nh quy
nh i vi cc tu c phn cp hot ng vng bin hn ch I.
2 Np ming khoang ca cc tu c phn cp hot ng vng bin hn ch III:
(1) Np ming khoang c th l kiu c bo v;
(2) Chiu dy ca np ming khoang bng thp khng dng xp hng c th bng
4,5 mm;
(3) Np phi c t theo khong cch thch hp np ming khoang bng thp, v m
un chng un tit din ca np np ming khoang khng dng xp hng c th
c gim so vi tr s tnh theo cng thc Chng 17 vi C bng 1,7.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

675
25.6 Trang thit b
1 i vi cc tu c phn cp hot ng vng bin hn ch II:
(1) Trang thit b ca tu phi tha mn cc quy nh Chng 21.
(2) Khng ph thuc vo 1, trng lng ca mt trong hai neo c th c gim n
bng 85% so vi trng lng yu cu Bng 2B/21.2.1.
2 i vi tu c phn cp hot ng vng bin hn ch III:
Trang thit b phi ph hp vi quy nh 25.2.3, ngoi ra, m hiu ca trang thit b
Bng 2B/21.2.1 c php li li 1 cp.
25.7 Phng tin tip cn
Nu c ng kim chp nhn, cc phng tin tip cn quy nh 24.2, Chng 24 c
th c thay i ph hp.
25.8 Gim nh i vi cc tu khng hot ng tuyn quc t
1 i vi cc tu khng hot ng tuyn quc t khng cn phi p dng cc quy nh ca
32.2.2, Chng 32 Phn 2A ca Quy chun ny. Ngoi ra, nu khi kim tra tnh ton cc
trng thi khc nhau ca nhng tu khng chy tuyn quc t, ng kim thy tho mn
th cc quy nh 32.2, Chng 32 ca Quy chun ny cng khng cn phi p dng.
2 Cc tu ch hng ri khng chy tuyn quc t khng cn phi p dng cc quy nh
33.2, Chng 33 Phn 2A ca Quy Chun ny.
3 i vi cc tu phi cng c (non-conventional ships), khng cn p dng cc quy nh
25.2, Chng 25, Phn 2A v 21.2, Chng 21 Phn 2B ca Quy chun ny.

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QUY CHUN K THUT QUC GIA QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

(mm), nhng khng nh hn 9,5 mm.

ln hn 11,43 : ( xem Hnh 2B/4.2 ).

l tng chiu rng

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