The relationship between temperature and volume

How Volume Varies With Temperature

If we place a balloon in liquid nitrogen it shrinks: So, gases shrink if cooled. Conversely, if we heat a gas it expands (as in a hot air balloon). Lets take a closer look at temperature before we try to find the exact relationship of V vs. T.

Is 20C twice as hot as 10C? No. 68F (20C) is not double 50F (10C) Is 20 kg twice as heavy as 10 kg? Yes. 44 lb (20 kg) is double 22 lb (10 kg) Whats the difference? Weights (kg or lb) have a minimum value of 0. But the smallest temperature is not 0C. We saw that doubling P yields half the V. Yet, to investigate the effect of doubling temperature, we first have to know what that means. An experiment with a fixed volume of gas in a cylinder will reveal the relationship of V vs. T

Temperature scales

Temperature vs. Volume Graph (fig.7,8 pg.430)

30 Volume (mL) 25 20 15 10

5
273 0 Temperature (C) 100

The Kelvin Temperature Scale

If a volume vs. temperature graph is plotted for gases, most lines can be interpolated so that when volume is 0 the temperature is -273 C. Naturally, gases dont really reach a 0 volume, but the spaces between molecules approach 0. At this point all molecular movement stops. 273C is known as absolute zero (no EK) Lord Kelvin suggested that a reasonable temperature scale should start at a true zero value. He kept the convenient units of C, but started at absolute zero. Thus, K = C + 273. 62C = ? K: K=C+273 = 62 + 273 = 335 K Notice that kelvin is represented as K not K.

Kelvin Practice
What is the approximate temperature for absolute zero in degrees Celsius and kelvin? Absolute zero is 273C or 0 K Calculate the missing temperatures 273 K 373 K 0C = _______ 100C = _______
173 C 100 K = _______ 300 K = _______ C 27 298 K 25C = _______ 243 K 30C = _______ 403 K = _______ 130 C

0K

273 C = _______

Charless Law
Looking back at the temperature vs. volume graph, notice that there is a direct relationship. It can be shown that V/T = constant Read pages 432-3. Answer these questions: 1. Give Charless law in words & as an equation. Charless Law: as the temperature of a gas increases, the volume increases proportionally, provided that the pressure and amount of gas remain constant, V1/T1 = V2/T2

2. A sample of gas occupies 3.5 L at 300 K. What volume will it occupy at 200 K? V1 = 3.5 L, T1 = 300K, V2 = ?, T2 = 200K Using Charles law: V1/T1 = V2/T2 3.5 L / 300 K = V2 / 200 K V2 = (3.5 L/300 K) x (200 K) = 2.3 L 3. If a 1 L balloon is heated from 22C to 100C, what will its new volume be? V1 = 1 L, T1 = 22C = 295 K V2 = ?, T2 = 100 C = 373 K V1/T1 = V2/T2, 1 L / 295 K = V2 / 373 K V2 = (1 L/295 K) x (373 K) = 1.26 L 4. Do questions 16, 17, 19 on page 434

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