Engineering Drawing & Graphics: Lecture 1: Introduction

Lecture 1 Thursday 27 January 2022 1
ENGINEERING DRAWING
& GRAPHICS
Lecture 1: Introduction
By Engr. Sajjad Ahmad
Assessment Marks
• Examination:
– 30 % mid term
– 50% final term
• Assignments & Quizzes
– 20 %
Syllabus
• Introduction
• Orthographic Projections
• Loci of points and Generated Curves
• Development of solids
• Intersection of surfaces
• Projection of solids
• Free hand sketches

Recommended Books
• Engineering drawing by ND Bhatt
• Engg Drawing by AC Parkinson
• Technical Graphics Communication By Bertoline
Wiebe, Miller. Mohler, Irwin McGraw-Hill 1997
• Practical Geometry & Engineering Graphics By
Abbot.
• Engineering Graphics By Craft, Meyers & Boyer
• Technical Graphics Communication, 3rd Edition
By Gary R. Bertoline and Eric N. Wiebe;
McGraw-Hill
• Mathematical Elements for Computer Graphics
By D.F. Rogers and J.A. Adams; McGraw-Hill
1976
Importance of Engg
Drawing
• “a picture is worth
a thousand words”
• In engineering, a
good drawing is
worth even more
than a thousand
words
Importance of Engg
Drawing
• Engineering drawings are important
in conveying useful information to
other engineers and machinists
 Allow the readers to visualize what the
proposed product would look like
 Provide information on dimensions and
material used to make the proposed product
 Provide views from the top, the side, and the
front
Aim of the Course
• Knowledge of engineering drawing

instruments
• Understanding and interpretation of

technical drawings
• Ability to develop projections of a 3D

object
Technical
drawing is the
language of
engineers and
designers
Waterfall
M. C. Escher
Topics of Interest
• Drawing Instruments
• Lines
• Lettering & Dimensioning

DRAWING INSTRUMENTS 1
1. Drawing Board
2. Drawing Sheets
A Series Formats
(mm)
A0 841 × 1189
A1 594 × 841
A2 420 × 594
A3 297 × 420
A4 210 × 297
A5 148 × 210
A6 105 × 148
A7 74 × 105
•Layout of a Drawing Sheet

• Tee square/ Drafting Machine

Use of T Square
• Set squares (a pair)

Use of set squares

Use of set squares

• Irregular/ French curves

Use of French Curves

• The french curve is
used to draw a
smooth line
through
predetermined
points.
• Compasses
• Divider
• Protractor
• Ruler/Scale
• Pencil
– Different Grades
– 6B,5B,4B,3B,2B,B,H,2H,....9H
DRAWING LINES 1
TYPES OF LINES
• 3 Main Types
DRAWING LINES 2
• Lines to aid understanding

LETTERING
• Most common font used in drafting
is
Approved Gothic lettering for

Engineering Drawings
Reasons for using single-

stroke Gothic lettering
• Saves time in production
• Easy to read and provides drawing
consistency
• Easier to learn and use
Lettering is drawing, not

writing
Recommended Strokes for

Vertical Uppercase Letters
Lettering Rules
1. The type of lettering recommended by
ANSI for mechanical drafting is single
stroke gothic (vertical freehand lettering).
2. The minimum recommended lettering size
on engineering drawings is .125 inches
(1/8”).
3. All dimension numerals, notes and other
lettered information should be the same
height except for titles, drawing numbers
and other captions. Titles and subtitles, for
example, may be 0.5 inch (1/2”) and.25
inches (1/4”) high respectively.
Lettering Rules Continued

4. The composition or spacing of letters in words and
between words in a sentence should be such that
the individual letters are uniformly spaced with
approximately equal background areas. This
requires the letters such as I, N or S be spaced
slightly father apart from their adjacent letters than
L, A, or W.
5. A minimum recommended space between letters in
words is approximately .0625 inches (1/16”).
6. The space between words in a note or sentence
should be about the same at the height of the
letters. The horizontal space between sentences in a
note or paragraph should be equal to twice the
height of lettering.
Spacing of Lettering

7. All notes should be lettered
horizontally on the sheet.
8. Use H, HB pencils for lettering. Try
them all, but use the one that gives
you the best results.
9. Many drafters prefer using a .5 mm
automatic pencil for lettering.

10.Place a clean paper under your
hand when lettering to prevent
smudging.
11.As a rule of thumb, curved letters
can be placed close together and
straight letters should be placed
further apart.
Use a Piece of Clean Paper to

Prevent Smudging
Spacing of Fractions and

Decimals
DIMENSIONING 1
Dimension Lines (DL)
Position of DL
DIMENSIONING 2
Alignment of DL DL of Small Features
Dimensioning Angles Dimensioning Circles

DIMENSIONING 3
DIMENSIONING 4
Correct Practice of Dimensioning
Drawing should
only carry
dimensions needed
to manufacture
Rules for Dimensioning

1. Dimensions should be placed outside the
views
2. Dimension line should not cross each other
3. As far as possible dimension should not be
shown between dotted lines
4. Dimension line should be placed at least 8
mm from the outlines and from one
another
5. Dimension figures are placed perpendicular
to dimension line
6. Dimension figure should be easily readable
from bottom and right edge of paper
Assignment
• Get your instruments sorted- buy them
or borrow them

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Lecture 1 Thursday 27 January 2022 1

• Loci of points and Generated Curves

• Free hand sketches

Aim of the Course

• Knowledge of engineering drawing

• Understanding and interpretation of

• Ability to develop projections of a 3D

• Lettering & Dimensioning

•Layout of a Drawing Sheet

• Tee square/ Drafting Machine

• Set squares (a pair)

Use of set squares

Use of set squares

• Irregular/ French curves

Use of French Curves

• Lines to aid understanding

Approved Gothic lettering for

Reasons for using single-

Lettering is drawing, not

Recommended Strokes for

Lettering Rules Continued

Lettering Rules Continued

Lettering Rules Continued

Use a Piece of Clean Paper to

Spacing of Fractions and

Dimension Lines (DL)

Alignment of DL DL of Small Features

Dimensioning Angles Dimensioning Circles

Correct Practice of Dimensioning

Rules for Dimensioning

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