Arrate Alonso Gmez (e0728412) Mobile Communications Seminar

Overview
1. Introduction
2. Network architecture, Performance and Interference

Management 3. Financial Analysis of a Pico-Cellular Home Network Deployment 4. UMB and LTE for Femtocells 5. Conclusions

1. Introduction

WHAT IS A FEMTOCELL? Small cellular base station Limited transmission power Limited user support to 8 users Plug & Play Extension of the operators cellular networks

2.Network architecture and Performance

Features of femtocells
INTEROPERABILITY Transparent access of femtocells Key requirements for co-channel deployment Auto-Configuration SCALABILITY

Standard interfaces In the downlink: Maximum Transmit Power has to be Integration into the core without configured decreasing of the In the the performance uplink: User-equipments power has to be macrocelllimited
In the a constant radius. Downlink: PreventsEnsure excessive interference between UEs located In the Uplink: definable impact to working in the close low to apre private owned femtocells macrocells same frequency range. Also prevents strong downlink interference created by UEs not connected to near femtocells.

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POWER CONTROL

DOWNLINK:
Event

2.Network architecture and Performance

Why?
1. Low transmit power of the femtocells in the downlink Wall separation Small distance to the femtocell (Indoors) Wall separation

Drop in the macrocell throughput caused by the increase of active femtocells from 10 to 100 is minimal Theoretically achievable femtocell throughput is very high as the deployments are indoors high SIRs Increasing the number of femtocells from 10 to 100 does not change the downlink throughput of the femtocells

2. 1. 2.

1. 2.

Small size of each cell Wall separation

CDF of downlink throughputs for locations within the central macrocell [1]

2.Network architecture and Performance UPLINK:

Event Drop in the macrocell throughput caused by the increase of active femtocells from 10 to 100 is minimal Theoretically achievable femtocell throughput is very high as the deployments are indoors high SIRs Why? Fast power control in the uplink for femtocells of UEs

1.

2.

High signal to interference ratios due to the small distance to the femtocell Wall separation.

Increasing the number of femtocells from 10 to 100 in the same macrocell sector, reduces the maximum allowed interference per UE is reduced by a factor of 10 performance of the femtocell reduced but not significantly

The SIR can drop up to 10 dB, resulting in a reduction in uplink throughput.

CDF of uplink throughputs for locations within the central macrocell [1]

2.Network architecture and Performance

Interference Management
Interference Management 3G
Planned deployment Frequency/Code reuse

Femtocells
UNPLANNED DEPLOYMENT !!!

PROBLEM Macrocell and femtocells are working in the same frequency range Co-Channel Interference (CCI) SOLUTION : TWO-TIER NETWORK 1. Deployment in separate carriers (Split RF Spectrum) 2. Intelligent algorithms at femtocells (Shared RF Spectrum)

A femtocell based two-tier CDMA network [2]

3.Financial Analysis of a PicoCellular Home Network Deployment

Wireless Network Evolution
From a NETWORK OPERATOR POINT OF VIEW Time Terms Expense Terms Short Term Long Term Operational Expenditure Capital Expenditure

Evaluation Scenario
Deployments to be considered Femto-cellular deployment Macro-cellular deployment Randomly placed Best-case scenario

Overview of macro-cellular underlay network with femto-cellular home base station overlay deployment [3].

3.Financial Analysis of a PicoCellular Home Network Deployment

Economic Models
Macrocell case
Capital Expenditure (CapEx) Cost per base station Core UMTS Core packet routers

Home-Cell Case
No equipment costs No Installation costs

Operational Expenditure (OpEX)

Cost of maintenance Site running costs Backhaul costs

No maintenance costs
HOME BROADBAND WOULD BE SUBSIDIZED BY THE OPERATOR!!

3.Financial Analysis of a PicoCellular Home Network Deployment

Impact Analysis
Event
Small fraction of HBS achieve a full coverage

Reason
Randomly distributed HBS

EXAMPLE: Operator with 40% market share and in which 20% of its customers have home base stations deployed, those home base stations alone will satisfy approximately 80% of the total demand.

Fractional user coverage for different operator market share [3].

3.Financial Analysis of a PicoCellular Home Network Deployment

Impact Analysis
Event
Home Network CapEx and OpEx similar Macro cellular Network OpEx dominate the total annual costs. Macrocellular costs decrease quickly with low percentage of HBS

Reason
Both very low for the savings applied to both OpEx are the most expensive cost due to its periodicity. High user coverage achievable with a relatively small fraction of HBS

Characteristic Point: Total network cost minimize at 30% HBS

Network costs for an operator with 40% market share and 64 user per macrocell [3].

4. UMB and LTE for Femtocells

UMB and LTE
OFDMA based Higher spectral efficiencies Low latency High peak data rate All-IP Key feature for FEMTOCELL deployments
Higher order modulations Improve self-configuration Improve self-provisioning Improve self-optimization

New generation femtocells

Mobile operators may choose to introduce islands of 4G in an ocean of 3G

5.Conclusions
1.

Network architecture, Performance and Interference Management

Performance analysis
Downlink (from 10 to 100 HBS) Uplink (from 10 to 100 HBS)

Macrocell Performance
Unchanged throughput Unchanged throughput

Femtocell Performance
High theoretical unchanged throughput Performance affected but throughput still good

CCI Management Normal case: None overpopulated area, no CCI to be taken into account. Worst case: Femto cell overpopulated urban area

Solution: Two-tier layer with shared RF spectrum and TH-CDMA physical layer (7x improvement).

5.Conclusions
2.

Financial Analysis of a Pico-Cellular Home Network Deployment

Macrocell coverage less economically viable with higher demand Deploying HBS with small fraction of users is finantially a better chance and also better RF performance. Femtocells not only a good solution for users but also for vendors (more service for nearly any investments)

3.

UMB and LTE for Femtocells

New generation flat, low cost architectures Hybrid mobile network New broadband experience for the users

6.References
[1]
[2] [3]

[4]

H. Claussen., Performance of Micro- and co-Channel Femtocells in Hierarchical Cell Structure, in: Proceedings 18th Annual IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC07), 2007. V. Chandrasekhar and J.G. Andrews., Uplink Capacity and Interference Avoidance for Two-Tier Cellular Networks in: Proceedings IEEE GLOBECOM, 2007. H. Claussen and L.T.W. Ho and L.G. Samuel., Financial Analysis of a Pico-Cellular Home Network Deployment, in: Proceedings International Conference on Communications (ICC), 2007. Qualcomm., Femtocells and WLAN Complement 3G and Beyond, December 2007.

Many thanks for your attention