:FEMTOCELLS:

Femtocell is a wireless access point that improves cellular reception inside a home or building. Today
more than 70 percent of mobile usage occurs inside buildings. As indoor use of mobile phones is
growing, there is increasing interest in a reliable solution to enhance indoor communications which
often suffer from high signal attenuation leading to unacceptable call quality. Femtocell is a small
cellular base station installed in offices and homes that can combine internet technologies and mobile
within the home or any building.

: Key benefits:
 Improve coverage indoors by having access point.
 Create network capacity wherever needed.
 Improve macro network QoS by offloading traffic.
 Improved QoS and lower tariffs - enhancing customer retention and reducing churn.
 Enhanced acquisition through capturing whole families on the network.
 Further stimulate premium data services by removing cost and convenience barrier at home.
 Excellent coverage wherever Femtocell is placed.
 Improved user experience of data services thanks to dedicated capacity for Femtocell users.
 Expanded services thru Femtocell device. (E.g. home networking, application service.

: CHALLENGES:
There are many reasons why customers and operators are demanding femto cells and the services and
economies that can be provided by using them. Yet there were many challenges in achieving this potential.
These are highlighted here:

Market challenges:
 public awareness.
 public concerns regarding service, tariffs and alleged health issues.
 support for a wide range of use cases.
 business case.

Radio and physical challenges:

 interference management between femto- and macro cells.
 radio resource and mobility management.
 implementation issues (e.g. synchronization, signal processing and cost).

Network challenges:
 architectures and interfaces.
 management and provisioning.
 Scalability.
 security.

Regulatory challenges:
 regulatory benefits.
 spectrum issues.
 service issues.
 :SMALL CELL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS:

Small cells are the low power wireless access point that operates in licensed and unlicensed
spectrum. Over the past 2-3 years, the demand of small cell is increasing rapidly as traffic is not
coming down and the demand curve is getting far up. It has found that 60%-70% of mobile data
is being consumed in home or enterprises .A common feature in this approach, of using small cells
is that they are centrally managed by mobile network operators. One of the other main causes of
increased demand of small cells is that not much capital investment is needed for this network
than that for a macro cell.
Small Cells are ideally suited to help deliver 5G connections where they are needed most. They
can be leveraged to even address the most crowded environments like stadiums and train
stations, improving economics for mobile operators and therefore opening the door for more
affordable data plans. Backhaul is needed to connect the small cells to the core network, internet
and other services. For in-building use, existing broadband internet can be used.
Many different wireless and wired technologies have been proposed as solutions and it is agreed
that a ‘toolbox’ of these will be needed to address a range of deployment scenarios. The backhaul
solution is influenced by a number of factors including the operator’s original motivation to deploy
small cells which could be for targeted capacity indoor or outdoor coverage. Because of the
significant variation that is expected when it comes to deployment and application of small cells,
a high degree of automation needs to be present when it comes to provisioning.

:Considerations for Small Cell management systems:

To build an small cells network, the small cells must deliver the following key functions:

• Good and consistent user experience

• Integrated network operations
• Well planned and orchestrated deployments

BENEFITS:
 Higher capacity
 Low transmission power
 Robustness
 Implementing a small cell infrastructure is also more environmentally friendly as it will reduce
the number of cell towers