CHAPTER 3

EMBYO
DEVELOPMENT –
CLEAVAGE
STAGE 1: GROUP SETTING.

Group members:
 Muhammad Shakir bin Che Soh
 Nur ‘Ain bt Ibrahim
 Raja Nur Aimi bt Raja Ibrahim
 Siti Aishah bt Abd Latiff
 Syadida bt Zakaria
BLASTULATION :
~THE DIVISION OF ZYGOTE TO FORM THE
MULTICELLULAR EMBRYO AND
RESULTING CELL
=BLASTOMERES.

~the process after fertilization when early

mitotic cell divisions occur that

progressively reduce cell size.

~total embyonic mass remains constant.

 zygote

Cell divide
(2-celled stage,
4-celled stage,
8-celled stage)

Morula
(solid ball)

Blastocyst
(contain
blastoceol)
MORULA

~ when the embryo has about 16 cells

~its individual cells begin to adhere to one
another and it coalesces to form into a
morula.
~morula –solid ball
  BLASTOCYST
~its about > 100 cells
~consists of :
 fluid-filled cavity
Two group of cell

1) inner mass cell =embryo

2) trophoblast(outer cell) = crucial in
producing the chorion
It will reaches uterus & begin to implant
CLEAVAGE IN BIRDS
Egg all yolk for small area at one pole

Cleavage occur at bastodisc

Cleavage pattern called meroblastic

Embryo forms (like a cap on yolk)

Blastomere incomplete separated

Synchrony lost after after 3rd cleavage cycle

Disk of cell (blastoderm) form after one day

CLEAVAGE IN CHICK
Cleavage is meroblastic
(yolk does not cleave and discoidal)

1st four, cleavage are synchronous

Cell divide and become several layers thick

(asynchronous)

Secrete fluid towards the yolk

Subgerminal cavity is created

Embryo separates from the yolk

Become blastoderm (group of cell atop yhe yolk)

Cells are linked by tight junction

Embyo moves into blastula

CLEAVAGE IN MAMMALS
 Holoblastic cleavage except concentrated at one
pole.
 Cells surrounding inner cell

become part of the placenta.